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Subjects Dealt With
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The CAUSARANA (Catusaraña) deals in 63 verses with the prayers by means of which one may take the four fold refuge. AURA-PACCAKKHANA (Ātürpratyä Khyāna) means the sick one's refusal while MAHĀ PACCAKKĀNA means the great refusal, a formula of confession and renunciation. In the Bhattaparinnā (Bhakta-Parijnă) and Samthāra there are numerous legends of grievous sinners who did not adopt vows to get rid of re-births. The Tamdula Veyalıya is the dialogue between Lord Mahavira and Gautam Gandhara on various topics such as physiology aud anatomy, the ten ages of man etc The Camdavijjhaya, the sixth Painnas deals with teachers and disciples mainly on discpline. The Devimdatthaņa gives a classification of the Kings of Gods according to their group and residence etc. Gani Vijya (Gani Vidyā) deals with astrology while VIRATTHARA (Virastava) contains an enunciation of the names of Mahāvīra
SIX CHEYA SUTTAS (CHEDA SOTRAS)
The Group of 6 texts going under the name of Cheya Suttas (Cheda Sūtra) also form a group in the cannon. According to Dr. Winternitz, these did not perhaps form a group in the canon, until a later period, as it is not always the same texts which are placed in the group. The first two sutras i.e. Nišiha and Mahanıśiha describes rules regarding confession and penance which are emphasised as the most important steps towards liberation. They deal with the sufferings of the beings in connection with the doctrine of Karma. The third, fourth and fifth Cheda sutras are regarded as the earliest portion of the canon. These three texts are treated by tradition as one book (Srutaskandha), the fifth Cheda Sūtra Kappa known as Kalpa Sūtra of Bhadra Bahu, is one of the most famous work available in the Swetămbar Grantha Bhandārs. It is divided into three sections. Section one contains the life of the Jinas and the main portion of the work is covered by the biography of Lord Mahavira according to Swetāmbar Sect. The section two of Kalpa Sūtra describes the list of schools (Gana) their branches (Sakhā) and the heads of schools (Ganadhara) and the section three contains rules for the ascetics. Kalpa Sutra is very much popular among the Jainas and as such its manuscripts are found in most of the Bhandārs.
THE FOUR MOLA SUTTAS (Mula Sûtras)
Out of the four mûla sūtras, the first three Sūtras are important even from literary point of view. The first section Uttarājjhayana (Uttaradhyana Satra) consists 36 sections which deals with various topics such as birth as human being, instruction in the religion, faith in the religion etc. The second Müla Sūtra Avassaya or Sadavasyaka Sätra describes six essential daily duties of a Jaina. The third Müla
