Jaina Granth Bhandars in Rajasthan

Author(s): Kasturchand Kasliwal
Publisher: Digambar Jain Atishay Kshetra Mandir
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/011017/1

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वीर सेवा मन्दिर
दिल्ली
क्रम संख्या
4124 ___ 058.10544.6) x
___KAs.
खण्ड

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Jaina Grantha Bhandars In Rajasthan
(A thesis approved by the University of Rajasthan)
Dr. Kastoor Chand Kasllwal
MA, Ph D, Shastri
Forward
Dr. Hira Lal Jain M. A. L. L. B., D. Litt,
Professor and Head of the Dept. of Samskrit, Pali & Prakrit, Institute of Languages and Research, University of Jabalpur (M. P, )
Published by
Gaindi Lal Sah, Advocate
Secretary
Shri Digamber Jain Atishaya Kshetra Shri Mahavirji, MAHAVIR BHAWAN, JAIPUR.

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First Edition Vira Samvat 2494,
Vikrama Sumvat 2024
Nove 1967
500 Copies
Price Rs. 15.
Printed by : Gyan Prakash Kala Kushal Printers, JAIPUR,

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Jaina Grantha Bhandars
in
Rajasthan

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PUBLISHER'S NOTE
It gives me great pleasure in presenting the "Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan" to the readers. It is a thesis written by Dr. K. C. Kasliwal and approved by the University of Rajasthan for Ph. D. Degree This work contains a complete description of the 100 Grantha Bhandars situated through out Rajasthan. In my opinion this is the first work of its kind where comprehensive information about Jain Literature written in Prakrit, Samskrit, Apabhramsa, Hindi and Rajasthani has been given. From the work it is clear that Jains of Rajasthan took great interest in the safe preservation of the manuscripts written not only by the Jain authors but also by the non-Jain authors I think it will greatly help to the students of Indian Literature and especially of Jain literature
This is the 13th volume of the publication made by the Research Department of Shri Digamber Jain Atishaya Kshetra Shri Mahavirji. Four volumes of detailed catalogues of Jain Grantha Bhandars of Rajasthan have been published so far and the 5th volume is under compilation in which a detailed list of 20 thousands manuscripts will be given Apart from the publication of the catalogues, two old and valuable works of Hindi Literature Tinadatta charita' and 'Pradhumna charita' have so far been published and which were welcomed by the Hindi scholars as an asset to the literature Recently we have also published a collection of Hindi Padas called 'Hindi Pada Sangrah' in which 400 padas composed by about 40 Jain poets have been given.
In the last I feel pleasure in recording my thanks to the author of this book and to Dr. H. L Jain who has kindly written forward of the book.
Mahavir Bhawan,
Jaipur
Dated the 10th Sept.. 1967
Guindi Lal Shah Hon Secretary

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FOREWORD
It will be readily accepted that the basis of all civilization and culture is intellectual activity of man. But the earliest human thoughts and feelings were all lost to us for want of any material preservation of the same. A new age dawned when the thought-activity began to find expression in various kinds of crafts and arts. This may be said to be the dawn of history. It was however at a very late stage that man learnt to express his thoughts in language and record the same in some material form. Thus literature began to grow, human knowledge began to accumulate and each generation grew wiser and wiser by the recorded ideas and experiences of their predecessors. Art collections and literaries may therefore be said to be the most valuable part of national wealth, as on them is based the pride of heritage and the pace of future progress.
During the last few centuries every progressive country has not only adopted serious measures to preserve all its ancient art and literary treasures, but has also taken steps to discover even those archaelogical remains which lie hidden underground. And it is on all these finds that the magnificent structure of history has been built.
Amongst these sources of history and culture the literary monuments of the past ages rank supreme Unfortunately, in our country the search for old manuscripts though going on for atleast one century, has not yet been exhausted. Numerous manuscript-stores attached to public temples and private libraries have not yet been properly catalogued and even a casual inspection brings to light valuable works unknown so far. This is particularly the case with the Jaina libraries known as Shastrs Bhandars, Dr. H D. Velankar listed no less than 121 catalogues of Mss in his Jinaratna-kośa published in 1944. Many more catalogues have since been published the most important of them being those of Jaisalmer and Rajsthan Shastra Bhandars in several volumes.
In the compilation and publication of the Rajasthan catalogues Dr. Kastoorchand Kashiwal played an important role, and he followed up his efforts by a research thesis on "Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan" which was approved by the University of Rajasthan for the award of the Ph. D. Degree. It is very gratifying to know that this valuable work is now being published. The wealth of information brought together in this volume will, I am sure, be found to be very useful to those who are interested in the search for MSS. So for as I know, it is for the first time

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that a systematic study and research has been made on a subject like this. Much welcome light has been shed here about the ancient art of calligraphy as well as on hundreds of manuscript libraries in Rajasthan and outside, by reading which vivid picture comes before our eyes how knowledge was preserved and dissemineted in ancient times. Owing to the new arrangements of the chief manuscript stores and their published lists, it is now for more easy to make use of the MSS, than what it was about thirtyfive years back when I visited Jaipur in search of Apabhramsa works and had to make huge efforts for about two weeks in order to get even a glimpse of the Bhandar at Amer. Dr. Kashiwal has laid the scholarly world under a deep debt of gratitute by his efforts in compiling the lists and by giving them the present valuable work. I very much wish that similar efforts were made regarding the other parts of our vast country, and their literary treasures are made fully known to the scholarly world before they are irretrievably lost by sheer passage of time and lack of that system of copying and recopying the mss. which kept them alive for centuries in the part.
Jabalpur University, 8th September, 1967
HL Jain

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PREFACE
An attempt has been made in the following pages to give a detailed account of the lainu Granth Bhandars of Rajasthan in particular and of India in general A list of Jaina Bhindary situated throughout the country has been given but it is not exhaustive Some details of the contents of some of them would be found in chapter 11. This thesis is related mainly to the Juna Grantha Bhandars of Rajasthan situated at capitals and important towns of the integrated princely states It embodies the categories of the manuscripts, especially rare and unpublished alongwith some details of material ol V ous types available in the Bhundars. Most of the Bhandars descubed have been visited by me and in some cases the catalogues of the contens have been prepared and the importance of certain manuscripts has been pointed out.
This thesis has been prepared under the supervision of Dr M L Sharma, MADT, Professor and lead of ihe Department of History, University of Rajasthan who worked hard for me and whose valuable guidance enabled me to complete this work in unie lam decply grateful to him lam also indebted to the Managing Committee of Shri D Jain Aushya Kshetr. She Malieri, its President Dr. R. M. Kaliwal and Secretary Shri Gundi Lal i Shah whose munti vence und interest are responsible for the publication of this thesis. I am equally thankful 10 Pt. Chansuh Das 11 Nyoyatirtha who inspired nie to take up research work und my colleague Shri Anoop Chand Nyayatırth for his cooperation and assistance Sako to Shri from Chand and Shri Agir Chand , Nohta
To Dr Hiralal laun Iam mullundehted for his foreward to this book
hastoor Chund hastal
-
*

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CONTENTS PUBLISHER'S NOTE FORWARD PREFACE
CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION
PARTICULARS
PAGE No.
Introduction Why Sacred texts were reduced to writing Recurring & devastating famines Conference to preserve the texts Factors which helped in the establishment of the
Grantha Bhandārs Sādbus works Bhattarakas & Jatis Rulers & Administrators Śravakas Temples Material used for manuscripts Manuscripts on Palm leaves Manuscripts written on cloth Manuscripts written on paper Kinds of ink used Qualification of copyists Handling of manuscripts Management of Grantha Bhandārs How the manuscripts are preserved Wooden Boards Strung together Vestana Boxes Underground Rooms
17 19-20
CHAPTER 11-GRANTHA BHANDĀRS IN INDIA
Muslim Invasion Manuscript Libraries destroyed by Muslim Invasion Why Grantha Bhandars in out of way places Establishment of Grantha Bhandārs

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(
2
)
PAGE No.
25 26
27-36
35-36
PARTICULARS Survey of Grantha Bhandars by Western Scholars Survey work done by Indian Scholars Important Bhandars of India:
(1) Sastra Bhandar of Delhi (2) Jaina Grantha Bhandārs of Āgra (3) Grantha Bhandārs of Sonipat (4) Amar Granthälaya Indore (5) Sastra Bhandar of Kåranja (6) Patan Bhandars (7) Jaina Siddhania Bhawan-Anah (8) Jaina Gyana Bhandars -Limbibi (9) Juina Grantha Bhandārs of Surat (10) Pannālal Saraswati Bhawan of Bombay (11) Santinātha Sastra Bhandar-Khambat
SOUTH INDIAN BHANDĀRS (12) Sastra Bhandar Jaina Matha Mūd-Bidra (13) Vita Vāni Vilasa Jaina
Siddhanta Bhawan-Mud Bids) (14) jaina Matha Karakal (15) Adinath Grantha Bhandar, Aliyoor
(16) Siddhanta Basti Müd Bidri CHAPTER. INI-GRANTHA BHANDĀRS OF RAJASTHAN. I-GRANTHA BHANDĀRS OF AJMER DIVISION Grantha Bhandār of Jaipur City
1. Āmer Sastra Bhandar, 2. Sastra Bhandar of Bada Mandir Jaipur 3. Grantha Bhandar of Pandya Lunkaran 4. Sas'ra Bhandar of Bābā Dalicanda 5. Sāstra Bhandar of Jaina temple
Badhi Candra 6 Grantha Bhandār of Tholia Jaina temple 7. Grantha Bhandar of Jaisa temple Patodi 8 Sri Cândra Prabha Saraswati Bhandár 9. Šāstra Bhandar of Jobner Temple 10 Pārsvanatha Digambara Jaina
Sarswti Bhawan 11. Sastra Bhandar of Godhå temple
41-87
43-59

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3)
PAGE No.
61 63
PARTICULARS
12 Śästra Bhandar of Jaina temple Sanghiji. 13 Šāstra Bhandar of Jaina temple Laskara 14. Grantha Bhandar of Naya Mandir 15. Granth Bhandar of Caudhariyan ka Mandir 16. Šāstra Bhandar of Kala Chabrá Jasna temple 17. Såstra Bhandar of Meghrajji Temple 18 Saraswali Bhawan of Jaida Temple
Yaśndānandji 19. Sastra Bhandār, Sikar 20 Grantha Bhandars of Alwar 21. Sastra Bhandāt of Duni 22 Grantha Bhandar of Adinātha and 23. Pārsvānåtha Jaina Temple Todaraisingh 24. Šāstra Bhandār of Fatehpur (Sekhăwatı) 25. Sastra Bhandār of Bisapanthi Mandir Dausa
26. Sastra Bhandār of Teräpanthi Mandır Dausa 27 #28 Sāstra Bhandār of Baswa
29 Sāstra Bhandar-Mozmābad 30. Jaina Gyana Bhandar of Jhunjhunu 31 Rajmahal Jaina Sastra Bhandar 32. Jaina Grantha Bhandar-Caudhariyan ka
Temple-Mālpurā 33 Grantha Bhandar-Adinātha Temple, Mālpura 34 Sastra Bhandar of Teră panthi Mandır-Mâlpurā 35. Jaina Sastra Bhandar-Bhadwa 36. Sastra Bhandar of Pancayati Mandir Bharatpur 37 Grantha Bhandar of Jaina temple Phozurama
Bharatpur 38. Šāstra Bhandār of Pancảyali Manair, New Deeg 39 Sastra Bhandar of Badı Pancayatı Deeg 40 Grantha Bhandar of Khandelwal
Jaina Mandir-old Deeg 41. Sāstra Bhandar of Khandelwal Jaina
Mandir-Kama 42 Sastra Bhandar of Agarwal Pancă yait
Mandir- Kåmä 43, Grantha Bhandar of Sri Mahaviraji 44. Sastra Bhandar of Pancāyati Mandir-Bayana 45. Sastra Bhandar of Terapanthi Mandır-Bayana

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PARTICULARS
46. Sastra Bhandar of Jaina Temple Vaira
47. Grantha Bhandar of Pancayati Mandir 48. & Soganı Mandir-Karauli
49 Grantha Bhandar-Hindaun
50 Grantha Bhandar of Jaina temple Badă
Dhādā, Ajmer
51. Grantha Bhandar of Jaina Temple Sethji Ajmer
II-GRANTHA BHANDARS OF BIKANER DIVISION
52 Vrhat Gyana Bhandar-Bikaner
(i) Dana Sagar Bhandar (i) Mahima Bhakti Bhandar (i) Vardhamana Bhandar (IV) Abhaya Singh Bhandar (v) Jina Harsa Sun Bhandar (vi) Bhuvan Bhakti Bhandar (vi) Rāma Candra Bhandar (vii) Mahar Candra Bhandar
(4)
53. Bhandar of Sri Pujyaji
54. Jaina Laxmi Mohan Sälä Gyana Bhandar
55 Gyana Bhandar of Ksema Kalyanji
56 Boharo ki Seri ka Upasraya Bhandar
57. Chatti Bai ka
58 Punni Ba' ka
-do
-do
59 Collection of Mahopadhyaya Ramlala
60. Grantha Bhandar of Khartargacchiya Branch
61. Hema Candra Library
62. Abhaya Jaina Granthalaya
63. Sethia Library
64. Govinda Pustakalaya
65 Collection of Sri Motīrāma Khazanchi
Jaina Grantha Bhandars-Jaisalmer
69. Brihad Gyana Bhandar
70. Pancano Bhandar
66. Grantha Bhandar of Yati Ridhivarji, Churu
67. Grantha Bhandar of Jaina Swetambara
Terapanthi Sabha, Sardarshahr
III-GRANTHA BHANDARS OF JODHPUR DIVISION.
68. Bhattarkiya Grantha Bhanḍār-Nagaur
!!!!
-do
-do
...
⠀⠀⠀⠀
...
...
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1ཆེཆེ¢ཆོ ྨ ྨཋ ྣ ༅ ྣ དདངརདསྣུམྦྷམྦྷསྲུམ་ཙ
84
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៖ អ
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PAGE No.
IOS 106 107 107 107 108
108 108
109 109
110
113 113 113
115
PARTICULRES
71. Bada Upåsarya Gyåna Bhandar 72. Tapagachiya Gyana Bhandār 73 Loka Gacchiya Gyana Bhandar 74. Tiharu Saha Gyåna Bhandār 75. Hari Sagar Gyan Bhandar-Lohawata 76. Sri Mahavira Gyāna Bhandar-Phalodi 77 Punya Sri Gyāna Bhandar-Phalodi 78, Rajendra Söri Sastra Bhandar-Ahore 79. Jaina Sastra Bhandar-Kuchåman
IV-GRANTHA BHANDĀRS OF UDAIPUR DIVISION 80 Sāstra Bhandar of Sambhavanatha
Temple-Udaipur 81 Grantha Bhandār of Agarwal Jaina Temple 82. Grantha Bhandār of Khandelwal Jaina temple 83. Gaudiji kā Upasraya-Udaipur 84. Grantha Bhandār Dungarpur 85 Callection of Yati Baba Candra Vaidya Cittor 86. Bhattārak Yasah Kisu Jain Saraswati
Jain Salarunati Bhawan Resalehaderia
V-GRANTHA BHANDĀRS OF KOTAH DIVISION. 87. Khartargacchiya Sastra Bhandar Kotah 88. Vira Putra Ananda Săgar Gyapa Bhandar-Koțāh 89. Grantha Bhandar of Jaina temple Borasalı-Kotah ... 90 Grantha Bhandar of Pārsvanatha Temple Bündi 91. Grantha Bhandār of Jaina temple Ādinātha-do92. Grantha Bhundar of Jaina temple Abhinandan Swami
-do93. Grantha Bhandar of Mahavira temple --do94 Grantha Bhandar of Jaina temple Neminatha - do- .. 95. Jaina Saraswati Bhawan-Jhalräpätån 96. Graniha Bhandār of Bagherwäla Jaina
Temple-Naiņva 97 Grantha Bhandar of Terapanthi Jaina
temple-Nainvā 98. Grantha Bhandar of Agarwal Jaina
temple-Naiņvă 99. Grantha Bhandar-Dablånå 100. Grantha Bhandar of Jaisa temple
Pårswanatha-Indergarh
115
118
118 119 119
1207
120 120 120
122
123
124
124
126

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PARTICULARS
PAGE No.
CHAPTER-IV. SUBJECTS DEALT WITH
129
129-135 136-141 142-145 146-153
153 157
162
103
165
Agama and Srdhanta Literature Purana Literature Kavya Literature Carita Literature Hindi works on Räsa Literature Ādhyatma Lyterature Literature on Jaina Philosophy Short Stories or Kathas Subhasita & Niti Sastra Jyotışa Literature Grammar Drama Ayurveda Chand Sastra Lexicography Püjā Literature Stotra literature Sexuology Literature on Songs & Dances
168 169 169 171
172
173 174 176 179 179
CHAPTER V-IMPORTANCE OF JAINA GRANIHA BHANDĀRS
184 187 201
Importance of the Grantha Bhandars (1) Historical Importance (2) Literary Importance-Literary Centres
1 Amer 11. Avan i Bairath TV Būndi v, Ranthambhore vi. Caksu vil. Sambhar Vis. Sāngāner 1x. Sāgwara
and x Merta (3) Educational Centres (4) Material fos Art & Parnting (5) Treasure houses of earliest manuscripts (6) Treasure House for Non-Jaina works CHAPTER VI.-MATERIAL FOR RESEARCH 1. Scope for research in the Jaina
Grantha Bhandārs
202 205 210 217
225

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PARTICULARS
2. Prakrit & Apabhramsa Writers
i. Padmanandi
ii. Harişena
i. Dhanpăla
IV. Haribhadra Süri
v. Mahaśvara Sûri
3. Samskrit Writers
1. Sidhärsi
11. Āśādhar
11. Bhattaraka Sakal Kirti
IV. Bhattaraka Bhuvan Kirti
v. Brahma Jinadasa
vi. Bhattaraka Gyana Bhuṣaṇa
vii. Pandit Rajmala
VIII. Gyǎna Kirți
IX. Bhaṭṭāraka Subha Candra
x. Bhṭṭāraka Somsena
xi. Jagannatha
4 Hindi Writers
(1) Padmanabha
(2) Chihala
(3) Thakursi
(4) Brahma Vücaraja
(5) Chitara Tholia
(6) Vidya Bhuṣaṇa (7) Brahma Raymall
(8) Anandaghana
(9) Brahma Kapûr Candra
(10) Hemraja II
(11) Harşa Kirti
(12) Brahma Gyānā Sāgar
(13) Jodhraja Godīkā
(14) Kisansingh
(15) Sewǎram Pātni
( 7 )
(16) Jai Candra Chabra (17) Rishsbh Däsa Nigoiiä (18) HIrá
(19) Nemicandra
(20) Khuşălcandra Kălă
⠀⠀⠀⠀
PAGE No.
227
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241
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PARTICULARS
(21) Ajayaraj Pātņi
(22) Maha Pandit Toḍarmal
(23) Srutasägar
(24) Bhai Raymaila
(25) Daulat Rama Käsliwäl (26) Dilă Răma
(27) Bhaṭṭāraka Vijaya Kirti
(28) Harikriṣṇā Pande (29) Deep Canda Käsliwal (30) Sadasukh Kasliwal (31) Pannā Lal Caudhari (32) Pāras Dāsa Nigotia (33) Budha Jana
(34) Kesari Singh
(35) Baba Dūlicanda
(36) Nathulal Doshi
( 8 )
PRAKRIT & APABHRAMSA WORKS,
Discoveries of the various works.
1-1ǎsa Cariya
2-Guru Parvadı or Pattavali 3-Säntinäha Cariu
4-P.akrit Chanda Koşa
5 Paum Carıya Tippana 6- Ananda
7-An old lettar in Prakrit
8-Sripala Cariu
9-Pasa Naha Cariu (Parsvanatha Carita)
10-Sambhava Jina Canu
11-Pingal Caturiti Rūpaka
12--Neminatha Cariu
13-Yogas ra
14-Vidhava la Samraksanopaya 15-Sandesa Răsa Tippana 16- Pärśvanatha Purana 17- Jambu Swami Cariu
SAMSKRIT WORKS
1. Meghabhyudaya Kavya 2. Jitasära Samuccaya
⠀⠀ !! ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
: !
PAGE No.
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267 267

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PARTICULARS
PAGE No.
267
268
269
269
3. Nyaya Väruka Tippana 4 Adhyatma Rahasya 5 Commentary on Bhopal Caturvinsati
Stotra 6. Commentary on Kiratarjuniya 7 Srávaka Dharma Prakarana 8 Uttarapurāna Toppana 9 Pārsvanātha Cariu 10 Sulocană Cariu 11. Rajvansa Varnana
HINDI & RAJASTHANI WORS
270 270 270 271
271
273 274 275 277 277 278
278
279 279
280
281
282
(1) Jinadatta Carita (2) Caubisi Gita (3) Pradyumna Carita (4) Barahkhari Dohā (5) Sikhāmaņi Rasa (6) Ādinātha Stavan (7) Tirthamāla Stavan (8) Raya Hammude Caupas (9) Düngar ki Båvanı (10) Sakal Kirli Rāsa (11) Holi Rása (12) Budhi Prākāśa (13) Neminātha Rasa (14) Bāvani (15) Saptoşa Jayatilak (16) Cetana Pudgal Dhamala (17) Nemi Rājul Gita (18) Vikramaditya Carita (19) Bali Bhadra Rása 120: Madhavấnal Prabandha (21) Nemīnåtha Rasa (22) Nala Damyanti Carita (23) Bhavisya Datta Räsa (24) Rågmäla or Kasam Rasik Vilása 125) Jiwandhara Rasa (26) Rohani Vrata Rása (27) Hanumata Rása
283 284 285 286 287 287 288 289 290 291 291 293 294 294 295

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( 10 )
PARTICULARS
PAGE No.
295 295 296 297 297 298
298
(28) Daya Rasa (29) Sripāla Sobhagi Rasa (30) Argalpura Jina Deva Vandana (31) Guru Chanda (32) Mahavira Chanda (33) Tattvasāra Duha (34) Båvani (35) Neminatha Gita (36) Laghu Sita Sati (37) Rājāvali Doha (38) Nemisvara Vivihlo (39) Parávānatha Rāsa (40) Jyotisa Sara (41) Vaniku Priya (42) Doha Satak (43) Manjha (44) Adhyatma Sıvaiya (45) Gori Badal Katha (46) Dharma Pariksa (47) Harivansa Pur: na Bhi sa (48) Hindi commentary on Bh.krämara Stotra (49) Nāsiketa Purana (50) Alankāra Mala (51) Bhattăraka Pastāvali
(a) Appendix. I (b) Appendix. 11 (c) Appendix III (d) Appendix. IV (e) Appendix. v (1) Appendix VI
(g) Appendix VII (52) ludex of Printed Books
299 300 300 302 302 3014 304 306 307 308 309 311 312 312 313 314 315 317-322 323-326 326-329 333-346 347–356 357-362 363-367 368-370

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A GRANTHA BHANDAR
IN RAJASTHAN
BIKANER
SARDAPSHAHAR CHURU.
JHUNJHUNU BIKANER FATEHPUR.
TIJARA
HALODI NAGAUR
JAISELMER
LAMU SIKAR.
ALWAR •BHADWA
DEEG
BHARATPUR KUCHAMANO
AJABGARN. BASWA JAIPOR. DAUSA BAYANA
VARA MOZMABAD HINDAUN
SRI MAHAVIR JH 3. KISAANGARN AJMER AJMER KARNULI
MAL PURA BEAWAR
TONK.
SAWAI MADHOPYRI
TODA LASINGH van
VORLY NAJMAHAL • DUNYODALANA
JODHPUR
ANORE LOHAWATO
SOZAT, PALIO
S • MATI
INDERGAU
BUNDI
• BHILWARA
Коте
UDAIPUR, KOTA
KOTA
CHITTORE
UDAIPUR
KALARAPATAN
AISHBHA PEVA
. DUNGARPUR
SAGWARA

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वीर सेवा मंदिरालय
जनानना
रिसायन, देवली
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION

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In ancient India writing was not in practice The memory of the people was so sharp that they felt little need for the art of writing. It was considered to be a sin to reduce the sacred texts to writing. So education was imparted orally from generation to generation. It was not the case with the Jainas only. The non-Jainas also had the same method of imparting the knowledge the entire Vedic Literature in the beginning was oral. The texts were ordinarily recited and handed down orally from preceptor to disciple The students used to get the texts by heart without a single error in pronunciation and accent for which there are definite rules The Vedās are called Sruti owing to this oral systein of learning
According to the Jaina legends the gospels preached by all the Tirthanhuras were oral and upto Mahāvīra, the last and twenty-fourth Tīrthankara the same system of preaching the sermons orally remained in practice but the art of writing existed in Mahavira's time though it was not used in writing down the books According to Jaina Puranas' the first Tirtharkara Lord Risabhadeva taught his two daughters named Brahmi and Sundari The Brāhmi script was later on became famous after her name? There are references in ÄVASYAKANIRYUKTI BHASYA that Brahmi script was originated by Lord Adinātha Thus the Jainas also shared the general Indian averseness to reduce the Sacred texts into writing When the literature grew more voluminous, the sutra system was adopted as it was a very easy form fou rememberin: the sacred literature Much knowledge can be imparted in lew words The teachings of Lord Mahāvīra were reduced to Sutra form hy Gautama Gandhara who was the head of Jaina hierachy and received direct teachings from omniscient Mahavira. Thus the whole of the Dwadasānga Vāni is in Sutra form But gradually the sutra system also could not help in presei ving knowledge and the general attitude for not reducing the sacred texts into writing was inodified
दत्यूकत्वा महराशास्य विस्तीर्णे हेमपट्ट के । अधिवाम्य स्वचित्तम्था थ तदेवी मपयंया ।। १०३ ।। विभ करद्वयेनाभ्या लिग्वन्नक्षर मालिकाम् । उपादिशलिलपि मख्यास्थान चाईग्नुक्रमात् ।। १०४ ।।
---Adipulāna, 16th Painel a fafarátaim farim 41: Erfam #mi
- Āvasyakanıryktı Bhāsya
2. (a)
(b) तथा 'बभि' ति ब्राह्मी-पादिदेवस्य भागवतो दुहिता ब्राह्मी वा मस्कृतादिभेदा बागी तामाश्रित्य तेनैव दणिता अक्षरलखन प्रत्रिया सा ब्राह्मी लिपि ।
-Samavāyānga Sutra Tikā P. 36

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2 1
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
WHY SACRED TEXTS WERE REDUCED TO WRITING
The sacred texts which were previously in the form of sūtrās began to increase rapidly. Besides, new works came into being, texts on several subjects were written and commentaries and bhāṣyas on the original texts were made and this multiplication of knowledge necessiated the reduction of the sacred texts to writing.
RECURRING & DEVASTATING FAMINES
After the nirvan of Mahāvīra in 527 B C'. famines visited the land pretty often? During Maurya Candra Gupta's reign there was a continuous draught for 12 years. This was followed by another famine which also lasted for a long time After the time of Sthool Bhadra, there was again a famine In short, after nirvan of Mahavira several famines came in the country and due to these famines the retentive power of the memory of people began to decline.
Owing to the fiequent famines many Jaina monks died. The knowledge which was in the memory could not be saved from destruction. Owing to only these famines Acarya Bhadra Bahu who had the complete knowledge of the sacred texts also migrated to south with a large body of Jaina monks numbering about twelve thousand*, where most of the monks died After the death of Ehadra Bahu the complete knowledge of the sacred texts was lost.
CONFERENCES TO PRESERVE THE TEXTS
In the absence of Bhadra Bahu who migrated to South India, Sthūla Bhadra who had the less knowledge of the Purvas became the Head of the Community which remained behind in Magadha There was fear that the knowledge of the sacred texts might lapse into oblivion A council of the Jaina monks who were in the North India was convened in Patliputra at which eleven Angãs were compiled and the remanants of 14 Purvas were united to form 12 th Anea, the Ditthivaya. This was the first attempt made by Jainas to reduce the sacred texts to writing. But when the adherents of Acarya Bhadra Bahu returned to North, they saw a big change among the Sadhus It is also said that they had also changed the sacred texts though slightly. At this time Digambaras refused to acknowledge the canons compiled by Sthul Bhadra and his followers and they declared that the Purvas and Angas taught by Mahāvīra were lost to a great extent
1 Jacobi Kalpa Sutra Introduction P 8
2
Ancient India Vol. III, by T C Shah
3 History of lain Monachism by S B Deo P 20
4 Mediaeval Jainism by B A Saletore P 3

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Introduction
[
3
After the Päiliputra conference several attempts might have been made to compile and reduce the sacred texts into writing, but two of them are important, one made by Digambaras and the other by Swetāmbaras. As for Digambars sources Shri Dharaśeņācārya', the last Acārya who had retained the knowledge of one fraction of Angãs and Purvas felt the necessity of preserving the remaining Jñana (knowledge). He called two sages who afterwards became famous as Puşpadanta and Bhutabalı2 and taught them the portion of the fifth anga. Viyahapannattı and twelth Anga Ditthivāya. These were subsequently reduced into writing in Sutra form by the two eminent pupils. Puşpadanta composed the first 177 sutras which are all embodied in the present "SATPRAROPAŅĀ" and his colleague Bhotabali composed the rest which is called ŞAȚA KHANDAGAMA The date of composition of the above work is about 1st or second century B.C.
As per Swetāmbars sources it has been stated that a second attempt was made in Vir Samvat 980 (in about the middle of 5th or beginning of the 6th Century) A council was held at Vallabhi in Gujrat for the purpose of collecting the Sacred texts and writing them down. The Conference was attended by a large number of Jaina monks and was presided by Devardhigaņi Ksamāśramaņa, the head of the school and with the common consent by the Jaina monks who were present at that time, the Angas and upāngas were comitted to writing.
Thus it is certain that the system of writing down the manuscripts was in practice cven before Bhadra Bāhu as the works of Sidhānta cannot have originated at one period It may be true that canons which were compiled by Puşpadanta and Devardhigani was the result of a literary activity that must have begun as soon as the organisation of monastic life was firmly established. As a matter of fact there are inscriptions of the 1st and 2nd century B.C. which confirm that the art of writing was much developed in those days. Thus it can safely be said that Devardhigani's labour consisted merely of compiling the sacred texts partly with the help of old manuscripts and partly on the basis of oral traditions. This was the beginning of the religious manuscripts.
FACTORS WHICH HELPED THE ESTABLISHMENT
OF THE GRANTHA BHANDĀRS
When the method of writing down the sacred texts was fully adopted, it was but natural that great and best efforts were made to write down all the texts which were in existence. On seeing the increasing number of the manuscripts day by
1. Preface to Mahābandha p 11 and Stuavatör p 316 2 Ibid by Vivudh Sridhar 3 Bhärtiya Jaina Śraman Sanskriti Ane I ekhan Kală p 16

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4
1
Janna Gianth
Bhandars in Rajasthan
day, the Ācāryas and the Head of Community decided that the temples should be the place where these manuscripts should be preserved as they were the only place where the manuscripts could be kept safe and could be easily accessable to the scholars. The place began to be called by the name of Grantha Bhandārs 1.e. Storehouses of knowledge They are also called Sastra Bhandāts.
SĀDHU'S WORK
The Jaina monks gave their best support to the establishment of the Grantha Bhandārs as they realised their great educational and social value. Since Ācārya Bhadra Bāhu upto 16th Century A.D there were powerful personalities among them and their influence on the public was tremendous They used to travel through out the country on loot and explained 10 the Jaina intelligentsia the importance of the sacred texts Acārya Kunda Kunda, Unāswami, Sidhasena, Devanandi, Devardhiyanı, Aklank, Haribhadra Sūri, Jinasena, Gunabhadra and Hemcandra etc, not only billed the Sastra Bhandars with their own work but preached the importance of writing down the manuscripts to the masses They took initiative in the foundation of these Bhandārs. They spent the best part of their life in establishing these store houses of knowledge for the posterity'
They explained to the masses that writing down of the manuscripts is not only essential from the educational ou religious point of view but it is also a great source of Caining goodness (Punya) for future If we read the prasasts which ar: wutlen at the end of the manuscripts, we shall see that most of the manuscripts have heen copied out due to the result of teachings of these monks The Acaryas pret
(1) राहु मत्थ जो लिहइ लिहावड, पढइ पढावह कह कहावः । जा गाफ गणारि एह मगिग भावइ, पुगाह अहिउ पुण्यफल व पावइ ।।।
--Vaddhiman Kaha by Narsenal य लेग्वयन्ति जिन शासनस्तकानि, व्याख्यानयन्ति च पहन्ति व पाठयन्ति । धवत रक्षाविधी च समाद्रयन्ते, न देवमयशिवशर्म नरा लभन्ते ।।
--Upded Talangını
(2) ये ले क्यान्न मकल मुधियो नुयोग शब्दानुशासनमशेषमल कुनीश्च ।
छन्दोमि शास्त्रमपर च परोपकारसम्पादनकानपुरणा पुरुषोत्तमास्ते ।।१४।। कि कि नैनं कृत न कि विवपिन दानप्रदत्त न कि । केवाऽऽपन्न निवारिता ननुमता मोहागणवे मज्जताम् ।।६५।। ना पुण्य किमुपाजिन किमु यशस्तार न विस्तारित । सत्कल्याणकलापकारामद य. शामन लेखिनम ||६||

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Introduction
| 5
ched that one who does not write or persuade others to write the Granthas ou manuscripts, is good for nothing. Only those persons are regarded high and noble who distribute the manuscripts to others for the sake of spreading knowlegel.
At the end of most of the manuscripts we find the following words written "one who writes or makes individuals to write, one who hears or one who makes others to heai, one who gives or one who makes others to distribute, is noble and sharer of Punya. He will surely attain Nirvāņ some day The Jaina teachers also stressed the daily reading of these manuscripts and due to inclusion of the Swadhyāva (Selfreading) in the six duties for a layman, the system of writing of the manuscripts increased day by day and more and more books were placed in the sāstra bhandārs as they were the centres of reading.
BHAȚTĀRKAS & JATIS
Bhattārkas and Jatis or Śrīpujyas and their disciples called Mandalācāryas, Pandyas and Brahmacāris etc. were the originators of the Caityawasi system. The Bha tārkas and Jatīs had great influence on the Jaina community for about seven to eight hundred years. Besides their other contributions to the Jaina community, their services towards the establishment of the Sastra Bhandārs were valuable and noteworthy Though they used to travel throughout the country but for a sufficient uime and specially in rainy season they used to live at fixed places and such places of their stay became the centres of the manuscript libraries. They were great scholais also. They wrote works themselves and placed their copies in the various temples Even today the centres of these Jaina Monks are the big centres of Śăstra Bhandars, namely Nagaur, Amer, AJmer, Pātan, Jasalmer, Ahmedabad, Bikānci, Jaipur, Kāranjā, Dungarpur, Jainabidri All the Grantha Bhandārs were established by these Bhattārkas. As for example the Šāstra Bhandar of Amer was established by the Bhattārak Mahendra kirti in the 17th Century. The Granth Bhandar of Ajmer was founded by the Bhattārak in 12 th Century. The famous Granth Bhandārs of Nāgaur and Jaiselmer were established in Samvat 1572 (1515 AD) and in 12th Century respectively They used to engage several scholars and copyists to copy out the works On
(1) (a) तहि केवलि चरिउ अमरछरेग, गायगदी विग्यउ विरेण । जो पढाइ सुरगड भावइ लिहेड, मो मामग मुहु अविरल लहेइ ।।
---Sudansana Cariyu by Naynandı (b) पढ़ सुण उपज सुबुधि हवै, कल्याण शुम मुख धरण । मन हरसि मनोहर इम कहै, मकल मध मगल करण ।।
--Dharma Parikså hy Manohardas

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Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan
Tehgious days they pressed the masses to present such manuscripts to the temples and Granth Bhandārs. Most of the manuscripts which are available in the Libraries, were presented to the temples by the Srávakas on the advice of these monks.
(1) As for example a copy of Uttarapuräna of Puşpadanta was presented to Muni Dharmacandra by Sri Paharāja and Dhanaraj and his wife Pātamdey in Sarvat 1577 (1520 A D.) after getting the manuscript written'.
(2) In Saṁvat 1533 (1476 A.D) Dhanakumar Carita was copied for the sake of Muni Ratan Bhūsana and presented to him by Sāha and Dāsā at Nayan
pur?
(3) In Samvat 1616 (1559 A.D) the manuscript of Pandava Purana was piesented to Mandalācārya Lalitakirti at Āmer by Sri Nemã in the Neminatha Jain temple
(4) The manuscript of Yaśodhara Carita was presented to Ācārya Subha Candia who was the pupil of Bhattārak Candrakirt: by Sāh Nāthu in Samvat 1661 (1504 A D.)
(1) सवत् १५७७ वर्षे
नागपुर वास्तव्ये साधु अर्हदास तद्भार्या प्रल्हामिरि तत्पुत्र माधु पहराज द्वितीय धनराज भार्या पाटमदे एतैरिद शास्त्र लिग्वाप्य मुनिश्रीधर्मचद्राय दत्त ।
--Uttarpurana Tika-Amer Sastra Bhandar
(2) मवत् १५३३ वर्षे पौष मुदि ३ गुगै श्रवणनक्षत्रे श्रीनयनपुर सुरत्राण गयासुद्दीन
राज्ये तच्छिष्य मुनि र-नभूषण तन्निमित्त खंडेलवालान्वये साह नायू तद्भार्या नग्गमिरि नयो पुत्रा पचायण मार्या पु सरो। साह तेजा मार्या तेजासिरि तत्पुत्र माह ड गर । साह गोल्हा मार्या गोल्हमिरी तयाँ पुत्री माह दासा तयो निजज्ञानावरग्गीय कर्मक्षयार्थमिद धन्यकुमारचरित्र स्वहस्तेन प्रदत्त ।
--Prasasti Sangraha Āmer Sastra Bhandär-Jaipur (3) मवत् १६१६ वर्षे भाद्रपदमासे शुक्लपक्ष चतुर्दशी तिथौ बुधवासरे धनिष्ठानक्षत्रे प्रामेर
महादुर्गे श्रीनेमिनार्थाजनचल्यालये श्री राजाधिराजभारामल्लराजप्रवर्तमाने साह नेमा इद शास्त्र पाडवपुराणनामान मडलाचार्यश्रीललितकीर्तये घटापित दशलक्षणप्रतोद्योतनार्थ ।
--Pandava Purana--Amer Sastra Bhandar-Jaipur
(4) मवत् १६६१ श्रावणमामे .. ... साह नाथ तेनेद यशोधरचरित्र लिखाप्य मट्टारक श्री चन्द्रकोनि तस्य शिष्य प्राचार्यणुभचन्द्राय दत्त कर्मक्षयनिमित्त ।
--Yasodhara Carita

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Introduction
[ 7
(5) In the year 1634 Bat Karma presented Jai Kumar purana to Brahmakamaraja in the city named Surat1.
(6) Adipurana was presented to Bhattarak Surendra Kirti by Dewan Balcandra Chabra in Samvat 1833 (1766 A D.2)
(7) Pravacana Sara was presented to Muni Dharma Candra in. Samvat 1577 (1502 A.D) at Nagaur
(8) Bhāva Sangraha of Devasena was presented to Acarya Lahitakirti by Sah Malu in Samvat 1609 (1552 A.D) at Serpur*.
(9) In Samvat 1551 (1494 A.D.) Labdhisar was presented to Muni Laxmi Candra by sri Pasa sah at Medpat śripur Nagar3.
(10) In Samvat 1632 (1575 A.D) Praśnottara Śravakacar of Sakalkirti was copied by Pandit Ratna for Bhattarak Lalita Kirti".
Moreover whenever, they found any manuscript lying. unpreserved or n a bad coundition, it was placed in the Sastra Bhandar by these monks, Due to this system of collection we find today several manuscripts written outside the places where the Sastra Bhandars are situated Thus the institutions of Bhattärkas ond Sri Pujyas were the best supporters in the establishment, safe preservation and enhancement of the Sastra Bhandārs Their services in this respect will always be remembered
( 1 ) मवत् १६६१ वर्षे गुज्जर्देशे श्री सूरतविदार श्रीवामपूज्य चैत्यालये हू वडजातीय बाई करमा ब्रह्मश्रीकामराजाय जयकुमारपुराण दत्त ।
(2) मवत् १८३३ वर्षे भट्टारक श्री १०८ श्री सुरेन्द्रकीर्तये दीवान श्री बालचन्द arasrगोत्रविध दशलक्षणव्रतोद्यापनार्थ इद पुस्तक घटापित ।
--Adipuraṇa--Amer Sastra Bhandar-Jaipur
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Amer Bhandar Prasasti Sangrah Page 36
Rajasthän ke Sastra Bhandar ki Grantha Suchi Vol III p 21
P 32
--do
--do-
Jaikumar Purana
p 32

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Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
RULERS & ADMINISTRATORS
Rulers and Statesmen contributed equally to the establishment and preservation of the Jaina Grantha Bhandats. The Rulers who were non-Jainas also saved these Bhandārs from destruction The South India dynasties like Rästrakūtas (alukyas Pandyās and Gangās gave their best assistance to these Bhandārs and due 10 the support of these kings, there are still great centres of literature. Mahārājā Jaya Singh Sidha Rày who was very fond of learning established a Royal Library by getting good many books written on the different subjects He got several copies of Sidha Hema Vyakarana prepared and presented them to the scholars and various Grantha Bhandārs Kumārpäla established 21 Sastra Bhandārs in every one of which be placed a copy of Kalpa Sūtra written in golden ink' He at his Guru Hemcandra's advice employed several hundred scribes to male copies of the scriptures and distri. buted them all over India A number of manuscripts still exists. He himself used to visit the libraries and took much interest in them Pethadadeva, the Minister of Mandavgarh also established seven Bhandārs
Among the Administrators, ministers and Dewans of the various states who tounded and gave support to the establishment of the Sāstra Bhandārs may be mentioned the names of Vastupal, Tepāl, Pethada Sáh of Mandava, Bharata, Nanna, Nānu Godhå. Balcandra Chabrá, Amarcanda and others. Vastupal and Tejapäl were interested in establishing the Sāstra Bhandārs Vastupālwho built one of the lamous temples at Mount Abu, established a Bhandar also at a cost of 18 lakhs, which was later on destroyed by the Muslim invaders Vastupal wrote one manuscript with golden ink and six manuscupts on Palm leaves Pethada Säh the minister of Mandavagrah was the follower of Acarya Dharma Sūri and during the preach of his Guru whenever there comes name of Gautama, the minister presented one gold coin for the writing of the manuscripts He established seven Sastra Bhandärs including one at Abu at a cost of 36 thousand gold coins He provided silken satchels and gold plates to protect leaves from thumb impression at the ume of reading Nānu Godhi' who was the minister of Räjä Mänsingha requested Sri Bhattaraka Gyänkin to compos Yasodhara Caula Bal Candra' Chabia and Amar Candra who
1 श्रीकुमारपालेन सप्तशतलेखकपाश्र्वात् लक्ष ३६ सहस्त्रागमस्य सप्तप्रतय. सौवर्णाक्षरा श्रीहेमाचार्यप्रणीतव्याकरण-चरितादिग्रन्थानामेकविशति प्रतयो लेखिताः ।
- Upadeśa Tarangini p. 140
2 3. 4 5
Bhalliya Jaina Sramana Samskriti Ane Lakhan kală by Muni Punya Vya. P 83 Updeśa Tarangin page 134 Yasodhai Carita preserved in Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur Vira Vani vol 1

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Introduction
were the Dewans of the Rulers of Jaipur State, got written several manuscripts and distributed to the various Sastra Bhandars of Jaipur City. They also constructed Jain temples in Jaipur City and established Sästra Bhandārs in them.
Bharat' and Nanna, the ministers of Rastrakūța dynasty in Mānyakheta requested the famous poet Puspadanta to compose Mahapurāna in Apabhraíša language in 9th Century and patronised the poet. The minister also got many copies of the Mahapurana and distributed them in various parts of India.
Mohan Dasa who was the Dewan of Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh (1678 10 1724) constructed a very big temple in Āmer and established a Grantha Bhankar in it.
Dewan Ramcandra Chābrā (1784), Rao Kriparām Pāndya (1782 to 1790) and several other Dewāns of Amer and Jaipur gave their full support for the establishment of Gianth Bhandārs and copying out the manuscripts for distribution.
ŚRAVAKAS
The Sivakas played a prominent part in the preservation of these Bhandārs They enhanced the number of manuscripts by their presentation to Sastra Bhandārs On every religious day they used to offer some book. They used to request the scholars and monks to compose the new works and when the new works were completed they got several copies written and presented one copy to each Śästa Shandār They gave support to the scholars. Caudhari Devarā). Nemicanda Sridhar, Sadhu Bhullan, Todarmal, Harsa Säha, Hemrā) were among the thousands of Sravakas who requested the scholars and got prepared the manuscripts. The most important and valuāble contribution of these Sravakas was that they always wanted the books in the common and national language and also requested the authors either to translate the original works into common language or to compose the new one so that they could easily be able to read these works themselves Moreover there were several merchants and bankers who got written several copies of these minuscripts and distributed them to the various manuscript libraries for the sake of reading. After the down fall of the institution of Bhattārakas, they saved the Sastra Bhandārs from disintegration. They took the management in their own hands and in the time of muslim attacks they concealed them in the basements of the temples In the later period of 17th to 19th Century, there had been many Hindi Scholars in Rajasthän and Gujrât who not only composed the works but also shared equally in
1. Uttara Purana of Puspadanta. 2. Viravāni, Jaipur. Vol I.

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10 ]
Jaina Grantha Bhandirs in Rajasthan.
writing down the manuscripts and supplied them to various places. They were so enthusiastic that as soon as the learned scholar Pandit Todar Mal of Jaipur (18th Century) translated the voluminous Prakrit work of Gommatasar into Hindi prose, the manuscript copies of this work were got written down and supplied to important Bhandars of not only of Upper India: but of South India.also. In the later period they formed an institution where only copying out of manuscripts was done. These institutions existed in most of the important literary centres such as Amer, Sängāner, Caksu Todāraisingh, Nägaur, Jaisalmer, Dungarpur, Sāgwara, Sāmbhar etc. Such an institution was closed only 40 years ago in the Jaipur City after the system of printing came fully in vogue.
Soine of the names of the Srávakas out of the thousands are given here
under
(1) Dharnā Sāh under the preachings of Jina Bhadra Sūri presented some manuscripts written on palm leaves to the Bhandar of Jaisalmer
(2) Sa hajapal who lived in Ahmedabad wrote himself hundred manuscripts tor presentation to the Grantha Bhandārs
(3) Devasunder and Somasunder of Tapagacha undertook the restoration of Bhandārs at Pätan and Khambāt
Raidhu, the famous Apabhramsa poet wrote more than twenty books in Apabhrama language and every one of them was composed on the initiative of the Stavakas. The poet also presented his works to the Savakas alter giving their full description In his Dhani umnat Carita he gives tull story of Nautala Säh who requested him to compose the work Nattala Sāh was famous throughout India and
१. मवन १४८७ वर्षे श्रीग्वरतरगच्छे श्रीजिनगजमूरिपट्टालकार श्रीगच्छनायक श्रीजिनभद्र
मूरिगुरूणामुपदेशेन पुस्तकमतल्लिखित, शोषित च । लिखापित शाह धरणाकेन 4 afzan
श्रीमदहम्मदावादवास्तव्य संघनायक । सहजपालनामासीत्, पुण्यप्राग्भारमामुर ।।१५।। ज्ञानावरगणकर्मोत्थध्वान्तध्वविधित्सया । गुरूणामुपदेशेन, ससघपतिरादरात् ।।२३।। पदमाईप्रियापुत्रविमलदाससयुत. । अलेखयत् स्वय वृत्तरमुष्या: शतश: प्रतीन् ।।२४।।
Prasasti of Kalpa Kirnawala
3. A Descriptive Catalogue of Manuscripts in the Jain Bhandars of Pattan
P. 40
4
Prasasti Sangrah of Āmei Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
P. 105.

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Introduction
had his business in all the provinces at that time. He also requested Kavi Sridhara to compose Parswanātha Caritra in the year 1189 A.D.
Männika Räja wrote his Nāga Kumara Carita at the request of Todar Mal who was famous in his time as Vastupal was famous in 12th Century in Gujrat.'
Yasah Kirti composed the Pandava Purāna in Apabhramsa language and presented his work to Kśemrāja the son of Vilha.?
Jinadatta Carita, a Hindi work of 12th Century was pomposed by Rajasing on the request of the Srāvakas
Dungara ki Bāvani was constructed by the poet Padam Nābha on the request of Dungaralin 15th Century
Caubīsi Gila was composed by Delha on the request of some Śravakās in the 14th Century
Jambù Swami Carita was composed by Sri Naithuram on the request of Kisan Dev son of Mool Canda"
Jain ladies also took great interest in getting the manuscripts written by the scholars and copyists. Poet Shridhar, wrote his Bhavisyadatta Carita on the request of Rūpani wife of Nārayan"
TEMPLES
Fxcept a few, all the Grantha Bhandārs are situated in the Jaina temples and Upāsarās This shows that in the past these temples remained the centres of learning. The Bhattārkas, Jatis and Pandyās, and also some of the scholars used 10 live in the temple and worked there They also imparted the religious and other
1
Prasasti Sangraha of Amer Sästia Bhandara, Jaipui
P 113
2
Ibid
P 122
3. Manuscript preserved in Sastra Bhandara, lain Temple Patodi, Jaipur
4. Sastra Bhandar Tholiya Jaina Temple Jaipur
5. Rajasthan ke Sastra Bhandaron ki Suci, Part II P. 379
-do
Part III. page 211
?
Prasasti Sangiah of Amer Šāstra Bhandar, Jaipur. P. 153.

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HZ)
haina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
kinds of education to the students at their residence. Students were not taught only religious books but other subjects also such as Grammer, Ayurveda, Jyotisa and Mathematics etc.
We find a Jaina temple even where there are only a few families and in every temple there is a Grantha Bhandar attached to it having a small or large number of manuscripts. This shows that not only in the past but even today the temples are the centres of intellectual activities. This condition is specially applicable to the Laina temples of Rajasthăn. The Grantha Bhandārs of Nāgaur, Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Alwar, Bharatpur, Jaipur Ajmer, Tonk, Udaipui, Dungarpur. Kota, Būnds, Kāma, Deeg etc. are situated in temples only
MATERIAL USED FOR MANUSCRIPTS
Manuscripts which are housed in the Grantha Bhandars are of vanous finds in the VRIHAD KALPA SOTRA five kinds of books are described.
गन्डीपुस्तक, कच्छपीपुम्नक मुष्टिपुस्तक मम्पुटफल क.. छेदपाटीपूस्तकश्वेति पुग्नका ।
These five kinds of books are mainly those which are written on pain leaves Now we shall consider the various kinds of material on which manuscripts were written Some of them which are found frequent in the Girantha Bhandārs are as follows:
Manuscripts written on Palm Leaves Manuscripts written on Bhopatra Manuscripts written on Cloth Manuscript written on Paper Manuscripts wiitten on Paper Manuscripts written on Copper Places
MANUSCRIPTS ON PALM LEAVES
When the system of reducing the sacred texts into writing was adopted, palm leaves were used for writing Before 13th Century, the paper industry was neither developed adequately nor was it considered proper to write the manuscripts on paper. The oldest dated manuscript found m one of the Grantha Bhandārs of Jaisalmer is of 11th Century and is written on palm leaves. This is a manuscript of OGHA NIRYUKTI VRITTI of Sariivat 1117 i e. 1060 A D. There is a description

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introduction
found in the KUMĀRPĀL PRABANDH that once the King Kumārpal went to visit the library, Seeing that the books were being written on paper he enquired the reasons for this and he was told that due to the shortage of palm leaves the papers were used.
The manuscripts written on palm leaves are frequently available in the Bhandārs of South India in a good number and in the Bhandārs of Pattan, Cambay. Dhalaka, Karnavati, Vijapur, Candawati, Jaisalmer, and Prahladanpur. The pālın leaves manuscripts are also of various kinds such as written in ordinary ink, and in golden ink and illustrated one.
All the palm leaves manuscupts have either one hole in the middle os with two holes on the left and the right in case of long manuscripts. The manuscripts are generally placed between two wooden plates
MANUSCRIPTS WRITTEN ON CLOTH
(loth was a material used by Jaina Scholars for the manuscripts and specially the Citra Patās. Yantra Patās, small Stotrās (prayers) and other such material used to be written on cloth the earliest manuscript written on cloth and found in lain. Sāstra Bhandar of Parian is of 1361 AD This manuscript consists of 92 leaves measuring 25x5" The manuscript is well preserved and the letters are very clear The other manuscript is of 1396 A D. and is Sangrahanı Tippankam preserved in the same Bhandār. There is another manuscript Pratistha Patha in the Grantha Bhandār of Pårswanātha Jaina Temple of Jaipur This manuscript was written in the 17th Century. Some inanuscripts are illustrated with coloured pictures which represent the Tirthankars There is a painting on cloth in a Grantha Bhandar Påțodi Jain temple, Jaipur in which the idea how the Rajpūta Rulers became dependent on the British, is shown The map of three worlds, Jambu Dwipa, Videha Ksetra, Adha Dwipa and other places according to the Jaina Geography are available in abundance in the Grantha Bhandars.
MANUSCRIPTS ON PAPER
In most of the Grantha Bhandārs in Northern India, manuscripts are generally found written on paper But there is no such manuscript written before
१. एकदा प्रातगुरून मर्वसाधू श्च वन्दित्वा लेखकशालाविलोकनाय गन । लेखकाः
कागदपत्राणि लिखन्तो दष्टाः । ततःगुरुपार्वे पृच्छा । गुरुभिरूचे श्रीचौलुक्यदेव ! rafar fare un perfet praatt. 97 Fit #inafafari
-Kumarpal Prabandh P. 16

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Jaina Gantha Bhandats in Kajasthan.
13th Century. Manuscript written in 13th Century are good in number in some Bhandārs of Rajasthän as well as of Gujrāt. This shows that in 13th Century the paper industry was much developed. The paper was manufactured in various places of India and was widely manufactured in Rājputánā also The paper Industry was carried out at some places, such as Sänganer, and Bikāner. The manuscripts which are in the several Grantha Bhandats of Jaipur are written on paper which was prepared in Sängāner which is 8 miles from Jaipur City.
The manuscripts written on paper are of several size and also of various kinds. The leaves are numbered only on one side the corners of left and right of the several manuscripts are decorated with the various kinds of paintings in red and blue. Paper manuscripts are found writen in golden and silver ink. They are also sllustrated one Such manuscripts are found generally in Swetāmbar Grantha Bhandārs There is manuscript of Kalpasūtra written in golden ink and richly iltustrated which might cost about a lakh.
Manuscripts written on wooden plates and copper plates are few in But all the Yantras which are in the Jaina temples are written on copper
number plates.
There is a large Yantra Literature in Jaina temples. All the Yantras are either ou copper or bronze plate, Except these, there are silver and gold plates on which also Yantras and Mantra, are written and are placed in temples.
पट्टिकातोऽ लिम्बच्चमा मर्वदेवाभिधो गरिन । प्रात्मकर्मक्षयायाथ, परोपकृतिहेतवे
-Commentary of Uttaradhyayana by Nemi Candra (12th Century)
There is a Kastha Pattika in Jaisalmer Bhandár which is also illustrated
The copyists of the manuscripts used to write with special pens which were prepared by the experts Different kinds of pens were used in writing the manuscripts on palm leaves, paper or cloth. In Sanskrit we shall see the various types of pen described in the following lines:
FEMT ATT , Tamamfefufti árgat gaat a, transferat ingen
वेते सुग्वं विजानीयात्, रक्ते दरिद्रता भवेत् । पोते च पुष्कला लक्ष्मी., असुरीक्षयकारिणी ।।२।। चिताने हरते पुत्रमधोमुखी हरते धनम् । वामे च हरते विद्या, दक्षिणा लेखिनी लिखेत् ।।३।। अग्रग्रन्धिहरेदायुमध्यग्रन्थिहरेद्धनम् । पृष्ठग्रन्थिहरेत्, मर्व निर्गन्थिलेखिनी लिखेत् ॥४॥ नवागृलमिता श्रेष्ठा, अष्टौ वा यदि बाऽधिका । लेखिनी लेखयेन्नित्य, धनधान्यसमागमः ॥५॥

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Introduction.
KINDS OF INK USED
The ink used in writing the manuscripts was also of various kinds. There are six kinds and their method of preparation was also different Three kinds of ink used for writing on palm leaves are as follow ----
Ist kind
महवर-भृग त्रिफला , कामीम लोहमेव नीली च । ममकज्जल बोलयुता, भवति मपी तादपत्राणाम् ।।
2nd and 3rd kind
कजल पा (पी) इग्ण बोल, भूमिलया पारदम्स लेम च । उमिगजलेरण विघसिया, वडिया काऊग कुटिटज्जा ॥१॥ तत्तजलेग व पुणमा, घोलिज्जती दन मसी होइ । तेगण विलिहिया पत्ता, वच्चह रयणोइ दिवसु व्व ॥२॥ कोरडए चि सरावे, अ गुलिमा कोरडम्मि कज्जलए । गद्दह सरावलग्ग, जाव चिय चि [क्क] गं मुअइ ।।३।। पिचमदगु दलेस खायरगुदं व बीयजल मिस्स । भिज्जवि तोएग दढ, महह जा त जल सुसइ ।।४।।
4th kind
Means of preparation for writing on the paper or cloth -
निर्यामात् पिचुमन्द जाद् द्विगुणितो बालम्तत कज्जाल, मजात तिलतलतो हुतवहे नीवातप मदितम् । पात्र शुल्वमये तथा शन (?) जनै क्षारम वित मद्भल्लातक-भगराजरमयुक् सम्यग् रमोऽय मपी ।।१।।
5th and 6th kind
मध्यर्धे शिप सद्गुन्द, गुन्दाधे बोलमेव च । लाक्षा बीयारसेनोच्चैर्मदयेत् ताम्रभाजने ।।१।। बोलस्य द्विगुणी गुन्दो, गुन्दस्य द्विगुणा मपी । मदयेद् यामयुग्म तु, मषी वजममा भवेत ।।१।।

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16 ]
laina Grantha Bhandārs in Räjästhān.
There were also some rigid principles of writing the manuscripts and the writer had to follow them. How long the letters should be and of which size, where the letters should be curved and where they are required to be written in straight way:
अक्षराणि ममशीर्षारिण, वतुं लानि धनानि च । परस्परमलग्नानि, यो लिखेत् स हि लेखकः ॥ समानि समशीर्षारिण, वर्तुलानि धनानि च । मात्रासु प्रतिवद्धानि, यो जानाति स लेखक ॥ शीर्षोपेतान् सुसपूर्णान् शुभश्र णिगतान् समान् । अक्षरान् वै लिखेद् यस्तु, लेखक. स वर स्मृत' ।।
QUALIFICATION OF COPYISTS
Every layman was not allowed to write or copy out the manuscripts. The writer should have been familiar with the Alphabets of every state and an expert in all the languages. He should be genius, good in talking, sensible, and having control over his INDRIYAS,
सर्व देशाक्षराभिज्ञ सर्वभाषाविशारद । लेखक कथितो राज्ञ सर्वाधिकरणेषु वे || १ || मेधावी, वाक्पटुर्धी, लघुहस्तो जितेन्द्रियः, परशास्त्रपरिज्ञाता एवं लेखक उच्यते ||२॥
The winter should possess the various instruments of writing been described in the following stanza
कुपी १ कज्जल २ देश ३ कम्बलमहो ४ मध्येच शुभ्र कुश ५,
काबी ६, कल्म ७, कृपाणिका ८, कतरणी ६, काष्ठ १० तथा कागलम् ११ । कीकी १२, कोटरि १३, कल्मदान १४, क्रमणे १५, कट्टि १६ स्तथा काकरो १७, एतै रम्यककाक्षरैश्च सहित शास्त्र च नित्य लिखेत् ॥ १॥
HANDLING THE MANUSCRIPTS
These have
In the end of the manuscripts, the writer writes some advice for the readers. He requests the readers to handle the manuscript properly as with great difficulty the manuscript was written They also used to write that they have done only true copy
1. Bhartiya Jaina Sramāna Sanskriti Ane Lekhankala P. 48

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Tatroduction
117
of the manuscript from other manuscript without changing any word and if there is any mistake, they should not be blamed for the same,
__ प्रदृष्टदोषान्मतिविम्रमादा, यदर्थहीन लिखित मयात्र ।
तत् सर्वमार्यः परिशोधनीयं, कोप न कुर्यात् खलु लेखकस्य ।। यादृश पुस्तकं दृष्ट, तादृशं लिखितं मया, यदि शुसमशुद्ध वा मम दोषो न दीयते ।। भग्नपृष्ठिकटिग्रीवा, वक्रदृष्टिरधोमुखम् । कष्टेन लिखित शास्त्र, यत्नेन परिपालयेत् ।। बद्धमुष्टिकटिग्रीवा, मददृष्टिरघोमुखम् । कष्टेन लिखित शास्त्र, यत्नेन परिपालयेत ।। लघु दीर्घ पदहीण वजरणहीण लखारगु हुई, प्रजाणपणइ मूढपणह पडत हुई ते सुधकरी भणज्यो ।।
MANAGEMENT OF THE GRANTHA BHANDĀRS
Granthas enjoy the same respect as Gods and they are respected as next to Tirthankaras in the Jaina religion because what is written in the texts, originally came out from the mouth of the Tirthankaras as such the Grantha Bhandārs are held in great esteem. Fvery one going to a temple has to visit the Grantha Bhandar also and to read some lines of a manuscript. Thus the Grantha Bhandārs have an important place in the society. The management of the Grantha Bhandārs is entrusted to such persons who are either the scholars or possess some knowledge about the manuscripts.
In ancient time, the management of the Sastra Bhandārs was under the guidance of the monks and Sadhus. From 13th Century Bhatjärkas became influencial and the Sastra Bhandars came under their control. In the beginning they were the great scholars so they themselves managed the Sastra Bhandars very efficiently They had with them several persons who used to be experts in writing and copying out the old manuscripts. Wherever they used to go, they used to keep with them a number of manuscripts They exercised great vigilance over manuscripts. Whenever it was found that particular leaves of the manuscript were damaged, then immediately new leaves were substituted for the damaged ones. Veshthans, wooden plates were also often replaced. Some time they used to sell the manuscript to the Sravakas for placing them in other Sāstra Bhandārs in short we can say that the Bhattarakas and their pupils had full control over the management of the Sastra Bhandārs.
But after the down fall of this institution the management of the Bhandārs came into hands of the House holders. Some of the Sravakas were great scholars in their time. There was remarkable progress in the number of manuscripts. But some time after the management vested into the hands of illiterates and persons of backward ideas, neither the Jainas used the manuscripts nor they allowed persons of other religion to do so. Some times the manuscripts remained in locked for years and were reduced to ashes,

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18
Jaina Grantha Bhandārs in Rājasthan.
Generally every Bhandar whether it is a big or small is managed or run on the lines of a library. Every manuscript is entered in a register which is called Granth Súci or catalogue of the manuscripts in which names of the manuscripts, authors and their language are quoted. The number of the register is also pasted on the Vesthanas of the manuscripts so that there may be no inconvenience in taking out the manuscripts from the Bhandārs Previously when there was no Almirah system, all the manuscripts were either placed in cloth bags or in wooden boxes. At present also the same system of cataloguing exists I have seen several Grantha Bhandārs where full account was maintained of Granthas i.e how many have been Issued to the Srāvakas for reading and how many were returned by them and how many were kept in the Sāstra Bhandārs. This account was maintained daily. Full name and address of the readers were written and receipt signatures taken in Bahis There was d rule according to which a complete manuscript was not given to the readers but either half of it or a smaller part was issued There were two advantages in this system The first was that more than one person could read the manuscript and the second was that the book could not be completely lost
Every year. either on the day of Sruta Pancains' or in the month of Bhā irapad all the manuscripts are taken out from the room and kept in the sun shine for some time so that there may be no danger to the manuscripts from worms and dampness
In order to create some interest among the persons, the management some time diranges exhibitions in the temples on rhe religious days or at Śruta Pancami These functions are attended by the members of the community. On these Occasions they show the importance of the manuscripts
There used to be a section in every important library where the work of writing down or copying out the new manuscripts was done. From these places outsiders also got the manuscripts written for them These copyists were like printing presses and they used to earn then livelihood by writing the manuscripts Pen-holders, ink and other matenal of writing were either supplied by the temple or they used to manage for themselves
In these libraries daily sermons are held A scholar reads a religious work and others listen to him This system of Šāstra Sabha is still in vogue at several places. The Sastra Sabhā of Jaipur and Agra ever remained famous. In these conferences the importance of the writing down of the manuscripts is also imparted to the listeners in the noon speeches are held. In Agra at the time of Banārsi Dāsa
1
It comes always on the 5th day of bright Jestha month

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Introduction
[ 19
(17th Century) there was a very good association, where the learned and old persons used to come and discuss with each other the principles of religion and other subjects. These persons used to request scholars to write new works of their choice in order to quench their thirst of learning.
Upto the 19th Century the management of the Grantha Bhandārs remained good, and great care was taken to save the manuscripts from destruction. But during the last one century due to the printing presses the care for manuscripts was less and less. When the readers could get printed books of the same author, they began to forget to read the manuscripts and as such the attention towards the safety of the manuscripts fall down. During the last 50 years the management of the Grantha Bhandārs turned from bad to worse and as such the condition of the Grantha Bhandārs at present is not good in the villages and towns.
HOW THE MANUSCRIPTS ARE PRESERVED
Manuscripts are handled with great care in the Sastra Bhandārs by the management. There is a scientific process through which a manuscript is to be passed before it is placed in the Sastra Shandārs Apart from the process there are strict instructions written at the end of the manuscript, that the manuscript was written with great difficulty so it should be preserved with great care. The manuscripts are rarely given to every one because it is stated that these books when passed on into other hands are seldom returned
लेग्विनी पुस्तक रामा परहस्ते गता गता । कदाचित् पुनरायाना नष्टा मष्टा च चुम्बिता ।।
WOODEN BOARDS
Every manuscript is placed between two wooden boards of the size of the manuscript. These boards are prepared specially for them There may be one or two holes in the Boards. One hole is made in the centre while two holes are on both the sides of the boards so that the string in which the manuscupt is stiung may also pass on and the manuscript may be tightened Wooden boards are used specially for palm leaves manuscripts but when manuscripts written on papers came into use, paper boards began to be used as they were cheaper and also available easily in the market. Cloth was used to be wrapped on these boards. Most of the manuscripts were written on paper are under the card boards
ea farfa
ET Na oftalatai

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20
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthår.
STRING TOGETHER
As already said that palm leaves manuscripts have either one hole in the centre or two holes on both the corners. In these holes silken or cotton string used to be passed on. This string used to serve a good help to the readers while reading the manuscripts. Moreover due to this string the leaves of the manuscript are not loosend and remained tight. Due to this string, i. e. Granth, the manuscript began to be called Granthas and store houses of these manuscripts as GRANTHA BHANDARS. But the manuscripts written on paper are not strung together though the manuscripts written in 13th to 16th Century have some space left in the Centre and possess some sign-blit these manuscripts do not contain holes.
VESTANA
After the manuscripts are strung together they are placed in Veştana which are made of cloth. The piece of cloth of the same length and breadth which used for wrapping the manuscripts is called Veștana Generally one manuscript is kept in one Vestana. The Vestanas are prepared locally.
BOXES
These Vessanas and Vastās were placed in the wooden boxes so that they might remain safe, and rain wind or worms may not harm the manuscript.
UNDERGROUND ROOMS
Al the times of invas.on the manuscripts were placed in the underground rooms of the temples. In most of the temples such rooms called Bahrás, are found. Due to these underground rooms numberless manuscripts had been saved, but in some cases manuscripts once placed were never brought out again. The Bhandars of Nāgaur. Āmer, Ajmer, Bharatpur, Kämä. Bayāna, Baswă and Dausā were previously in the underground rooms of the temples and could be saved only because they were underground. These were constructed in such a way that from outward when they were closed by placing a stone slab on the door of the room it appeared as if there was no room. The gates of these underground rooms used to be very small but inner portion of these used to be quite large.

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CHAPTER 11 GRANTHA BHANDARS IN INDIA
GRANTES PARTES

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Early in the 8th Century Muslim invasion began and in 712 A. D. Muhammad-bin-Qasim attacked Sindh and after defeating Dāhir, the king of Sindh, he carried on mass massacres. In the beginning temples were wantonly disecrated. The temple of the Sun at Multan was ravaged and its treasures were taken away by Muhammad-bin-Qasım'. After this Muhammad Ghazni destroyed and plundered many temples that fell in the way of the Ghaznavide army. He destroyed all the property of the temples ruthlessly, broke the idols, damaged the artistic beauty of the temples and burnt the literary collections preserved in them. There was no safety at all and all round there was bloodshed, forced conversion to Muslim religion and burning of the manuscripts and other literary and artistic treasures.
MANUSCRIPT LIBRARIES DESTROYED BY MUSLIM INVASION.
According to the Muslims the Quran contains the whole truth and it is the only book which should exist. If books written in various languages are in accordance with the Quran, there is no necessity that they should survive because the Quran embodies their contents and if they are against the Qurān they deserve to be destroyed These were the views of the Khalifás and the General of Khalifa Umer who conquered Alcxenderia in Egypt in 640 A. D. destroyed the famous Library thereafter having obtained ordered from Khalifa. There was a big collection of books in that library written in various languages but they were all burnt down.?
In India also the Muslim Invaders destroyed numerous temples along with the books which were collected in them Mahmûda Ghazni alone looted scores of temples and destroyed whatever was found in them. He conquered whole of Upper India and dtstroyed the religious, cultural and literary works ruthlessly. Thus old and valuable literary wealth of the Jainas was destroyed by the Muslim invaders
WHY GRANTHA BHANDĀRS IN OUT OF WAY PLACES.
Due to this dangerous insecurity, system of establishing the Grantha Bhandārs in out of way places was adopted so that there might be less danger of attack The famous Jaina Bhandar of Jaisalmer was established only with the idea that in such a desert there were less chances of the attacks Moreover in the temples underground rooms were constructed and at the time of attack all the manuscripts and other materials of artistic beauty used to be concealed in them. We find such rooms in most of the temples. In the temple of Sängāner, Āmer, Nāgaur,
1 History of Muslim Rule by 1swari Prasad p. 37 2 History of India by Eliah page 415-16

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Introduction
1
25
But still the number of the Grantha Bhåndārs which had been saved from destruction is quite large. Most of them have not been seen so far by the scholars and therefore the work of their cataloguing is to be completed. In this respect the Bhandārs of Punjab, Uttar Pradeśa, Bihar, Madras, Hyderābåd and Madhya Pradesh are still lying unseen by the scholars.
SVRVEY OF GRANTHA BHANDĀRS BY THE WESTERN SCHOLARS
In the year 1860 the Government of India gave their attention to the ancient Grantha Bhandārs situated throughout India. The research work of the Bhandārs and their cataloguing was begun and the Grantha Bhandårs of Patan, Khambat, Ahmedabad, Jaisalmer, Karanjå etc. were seen by the great scholars such as Dr. Buhler, Peterson, Bhandārkar etc. The reports submitted by them covers the following period of their research.
WESTERN SCHOLARS
3rd
(1) Dr, Bhuler's' report Part 1st covers the manuscript seen during the
year 1870-71 and known as
collection of 1870-71 -do
2nd -do- 1871-72 -do
-do- 1872-73 -do
-do- 1873-74 -do--
-do- 1874-75 6th -do 1875-76
7th -do- 1877-78 -do
8th -do- 1879-1880.
-do
-do
(ii) Dı. Peterson also thoroughly examined the Bhandārs' and published his report in six volumes covering the period of research of the manuscript as folllows:
1. The list of manuscripts in all these collections have been published in a catalogue
of collections at Bombay Government Center Press. 1880:

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24 )
Jaina Grantha Bhandārs in Rajasthan.
Mozamābād, Ajmer, Jaisalmer, Fatehpur, Dooni, Mālpurā and several of others, there are still under ground rooms which are used for placing not only the manuscripts but the statues also. There was a big Bhandār in Amer which was in the underground room and was brought m the upper room of the temple only 30 years ago. The whole portion of the famous Bhandār of Jarsalmer was preserved underground. The valuable manuscripts written on palm leaves and paper were safely preserved in such places. There is still a belief among the people that a bigger Bhandara still exists in the underground rooms at Jaisalmer. In some of the temples manuscripts are preserved in the upper portion of the temple and at the time of invasion they are placed in the underground rooms and the small gate of this repository is to be closed with plaster.
The system of placing the manuscripts in out of the way places also helped those who were desirous of quiet study and contemplation. As there was perfect peace and calmness and no chance of disturbances there, this system was adopted not only by the Jainas but also by the Budhās and Ainta, Ellora and Bāgha are the instānces of such places
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE GRANTHA BHANDĀRS
The Grantha Bhandārs were established through out India from North to South and East to West. There remained no city or town or even big village in which the Grantha Bhandārs were not established, but due to the continuous attacks of the foreigners in the North and religious ill feelings in South between Jainas and Brāhmins several Grantha Bhandārs were destroyed and reduced to ashes and nest of the Bhandārs were shifted to big towns and cities. Out of the Bhandārs founded by Kumārpāla and Vestupāla and other Jaina Ministers, at present none exists. This is accounted for by the fact that Kumārpāla's successor Ajaipāla was very hostile to Jainas and Jainism and he tried his best to destroy the Jaina literature. Moreover when the manuscripts were placed in the underground portion of the temples at the time of invasion or war, the manuscripts used to be kept there for a long time and as such thousands of the manuscripts were reduced to ashes due to oblivion. Some of the Grantha Bhandars were automatically finished for ever as the management neglected to take precaution for their preservation The whole of the Mārotha Bhandar (Rajasthan) decayed and became ashes due to the management
1
Descriptive catalogue of manuscripts in the Jaina Bhandar at Patan. p 33
2
Old manuscript list of Mirou śāstra Bhandar preserved at Mahavira Bhawan, Jaipur.

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26
Jaina Grantha Bhandārs in Rajasthan
The 1st report covers the period of the year 1882-83 2nd -do
-do
1883-84
-do
-do
1884-86
3rd 4th 5th
-do
1886-92
-da-do-do
-do
1892-95
6th
-do
1895-98
SURVEY WORK DONE BY INDIAN SCHOLARS:
Among the Indian Scholars Dr. R. G. Bhandarkar made an extensive touc in search of Samskrit manuscripts. His reports were also published in six paris covering the period from the year 1879 10 1891 as follows:
No. I covers the manuscripts found in the year 1879-80 2 -do
-do
B880 82 -dode
D882 83
-do
0883 84
-do
1884-87
-do
do
1887-91
Raibahadur Hiralal," after seeing the Bhandār of Madhya Pradesh and Berār published a report in which manuscripts of the Jana Bhandārs of Karanjā and others are mentioned.
Dr H. D. Velankar also published Jinarátnakośa, an alphabetical Register of Jaina works and Authors Vol. I under Bhandārkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona This catalogue was published in the year 1944.
Dr Banarsidas and Kunfe also visited the Jaina Bhandārs of Punjab and prepared the catalogue of the manuscripts of these Bhandars. This was published by Royal University Library Lahore in 1939.
Prakrit manuscripts in
1. Catalogue of Sarhskrit &
Rabākader Hiralal B.A
Central Province and Berar by
1 Catalogue of manuscripts in the Punjab Jaina Bhandārs by Banarsidas Jain, pubhshed by Punjab University Library Lahore in 1939.

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Introduction,
[ 27
Thus in the past several attempts were made to investigate these Bhandars and their catalogues have also been published. But as a matter of fact all the Bhandārs situated throughout India are too numerous to be examined by a small band of scholars. A list of the Jaina Grantha Bhandārs situated in the main cities of India other than those of Rajasthan is given in Appendix. I
But the Jaina Bhandārs of Rajasthan where their number is quite large have not yet been surveyed by any scholar. No other province of India contains as many Bhandărs as Rajasthan does. They have survived because they were under the protection of Rajput rulers and their territories were rarely invaded by the Muslims. Even when invasion took place the resistance was very stiff and the invaders did not generally succeed in committing acts of destruction. In the following pages the first attempt has been made in this direction to survey the Grantha Bhandars of Rajasthan.
IMPORTANT BHANDĀRS OF INDIA
A short description of some of the important Bhandárs which possess valuable collections of manuscripts is as follows -
(1) SĀSTRA BHANDĀRS OF DELHI
Since its foundation Delhi remained capital of India. In the manuscripts written in the 14th and 15th Century, the city is called Yoginipur and in this respect the manuscript of Pancāsti Kāya' is the first manuscript in which Delhi had been named as 'Yoginipur'. It was copied in Delhi in Sawat 1329 i.e. 1272 A.D when Gayāsuddin Balbana was the emperor of India.
Inspite of constant changes in the kingdoms, Delhi remained the centre of learning and literature. In most of the Grantha Bhandārs of Rajasthān, there are some manuscripts which were copied at Delhi and placed in these Bhandārs Most of the books of Apabhraíśa were first copied in Delhi and then sent to other Bhandārs of India. The Jainas not only dominated in the Hindu period but in the Muslim rule also the city remained the centre of Jaina activity. In the time of Anangpal Natal Sāh was his minister On his request Sridhara? composed Parswanātha Carita in Apabhramsa language in saṁwat 1189 (1132 AD).
1
Rajasthån ke Jain Śästra Bhandaron ki Suci. Part II.
2
Prasasti Sangrah of Amer Sastra Bhandal, Jaipur p 129

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28I
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
Thakkar Pheru was the royal treasurer of Allauddin Khilji. He was an expert in the test of jewellery and coins. He composed Yugapradhana Caupai in samwat 1347 (1290 A.D.) and Ratna Parikšā, Dravya Dhätütpatti, Vástusär Prakaraņa and Joitasår in Sarhwat 1372 (1315 A.D.). In Sarwat 1500 (1443 A.D.) Yasah Kirti completed his Harivnía Purāna in Delhi, On the request of Sahu Divara is the time of Jalal Khăn. In this way there were several authors who wrote and copied works in Delhi The illustrated manuscript of Adipuran which is at present in the Sastra Bhandar of Jaina Teräpanthi Temple, Jaipur was copied in Delhi. In the 17th Century Bhagwati Dass was a great Hindi scholar who wrote more than 50 Hindi works in Delhi which have been recently discovered in Bhattarkiya Grantha Bhandar, Ajmer.
At present there are 8 manuscript libraries in the City. But out of these, the collection in the New Mandir Dharampurā is very large. The total number of the manuscripts collected in the temple is about two thousand. Most of the manuscripts are of the 16th to 19th century. The other manuscript libraries are in the Jain temple of Setha Kucā and in Jain Pancayati Mandır. In these Bhandārs the rare manus cripts of Samskrit, Prakrit, Apabhramśā and Hindi are in quite a good number A very old work of Hindi i.e. Pradyumna Canta% of V.S. 1411 (1354 A.D.) composed by the Sadharu Kavi is in collection of the Naya Mandir Bhandār. The fully illustrated copy of the Adepurana composed by Puspadanta Kavi in Apabhramsa is a very fine manuscript from the point of Indian art. These Bhandārs are also very old. Delhi remained the seat of the scholars and learned Bhattārakās, so there are several manuscripts written by them also.
The Sastra Bhandar of Naya Mandir contains a good collection of the manuscripts. The total number of which is 1995. The collection was made between 15th to 19th century. Manuscripts of Dhavalā, Māhādhavata and Jaidhavală copied recenly are also in the collection. The manuscript copy of Hindi translation of Rajvārtika written by Pannālál of Saharanpur is also in this Šāstra Bhandar. Just like Samiskrit, manuscripts written in the Apabhrama and Hindt are also in large mumber.
There are two manuscripts of Tattvårtha Sūtra and Daslaxana Jaymäla which are wiitten in golden ink and look very heautiful. The Sastra Bhandar is well arranged and preserved.
1. Manuscript Catalngues Obtained through Lala Panna La Jain Delhi,
2. Published by Säbitya Sodha Vibhag of Digamber Jain Atishaya Kelta Sri Mahavinji
Jarpur

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Introduction
| 29
(i) JAINA GRANTH BHANDĀRS OF AGRA
Agrå was founded towards the close of the 15th century by Bahlol Lodi, and his son Sikandar Lodi removed the seat of Government from Delhi to Agrā. From Akbar to Aurangzeb, Agrā was the capital of India and after the construction of Tajmahal it became one of the most well known cities in the world.
The Jainas predominated in the city from the very beginning. In the 17th and 18th centuries most of the Hindi scholars were born in this city. The famous Kavi Banarsidās of 17th century lived here. He established a study circle there and began to discuss the questions on various topics. Sri Bhagvatidās of Delhi who was also a contemporary of Banārsidās, wrote “Argalpurajinavandana" in which he described fully the Jaina temples of Āgrā. He wrote this work in Samvat 1651 (1594 AD) when Shahjahan was the Emperor and has mentioned names of several persons who contributed towards the construction of the Jaina temples
The other great Sholars who flourished at Agrä are Bhüdhar Dãs. Bhaiya Bhagwati Dás, Dyanat Rai etc
There are 28 Jain temples in the city Out of them eight have collections of manuscripts and the most famous Sastra Bhandār which was the seat of the Jain scholars is the Moti Kaira Jain temple. The Sastra Bhandār contains more than a thousand manuscripts written on paper The manuscripts of this Bhandar are generally written in 16th to 19th centuries Manuscripts written in 20th century are very few in number. This shows that the city was a literary centre from 16th to 19th century. But inspite of the importance of the Grantha Bhandārs, the manuscripts are not catalogued and systematically arranged. As such scholars are to face the geeat difficulty in searching out the manuscripts they want Recently one Jain research institute has been established at Hari Parbat where arrangements are being made for the research on various subjects. Catalogues of various Bhandārs are under pieparation.
(111) GRANTH BHANDĀR OF SONIPAT
The Šāstra Bhandar of Sonipat ncar Delhi is also an important one. There are 750 manuscripts in this collection. The manuscripts are partly in Sanskrit and partly in Präkrit. There are some manuscripts in Hindi also. The following deserve a reference -
(1) Rai mall's Adipurân (17th century) (2) -80- Padampurān (17th century)

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30 1
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
(3) Samyaktva Kaumudi by Kisandas composed in the year 1722 A.D. (4) Harivansa puran by Laxmidas in Hindi composed in the year 1829 A.D.
(iv) AMAR GRANTHALAYA INDORE
The Amar Granthalaya of Indore has a good number of manuscripts of which majority are in Samskrit and Hindi. Copies of Aristadhyaya of Prakrit, Gyan Deepika of Hari Candra in Hindi and Jotisa Sar Sangrha by Ratan Bhanu in Samskrit are worth mentioning.
(v) SASTRA BHANDAR OF KARANJA1
one
There are more than 2000 manuscripts in the Sastra Bhandar of Karanja in Akola district of Gujrat State. This is one of the best collections in the State and includes some rare works useful for scholars. All the three temples of this old city possess fine collections of old manuscripts, the Balātkāra collection being the biggest All the manuscripts are written on paper in Nagari script. The manuscripts are well preserved. The earliest of them is that of Upaskacara of Samantabhadra with a commentary of Prabhācandra. It was copied in V.S 1415 Sunday the bright fortnight of the month of Magha corresponding to 6th June 1359. Another manuscript is of Pancästi Kaya of Kunda-Kunda copied in Samvat 1468 (1411 A.D) when Virammadeva was the king of Gopacala (Gwalior). A few more manuscripts are dated in the same century and hence this Bhandar is more or less than 500 years old.
(vi) PATAN BHANDĀRS2
Ever since its foundation, Pätan had been the centre of Jainism and under beneficient royal patronage afforded to it in the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries, the scholars attached to it devoted themselves for writing historical, philosophical. literary and other works. Although the works were continued in the 14th. 15th and 16th centuries and still later, the works composed in the 11th to 13th centuries are of greater historical interest than those composed later on. This literary activity resulted in the formation of great libraries for collecting and preserving old, contemporaneous and new compositions Patan was the centre of Jaina literature from 11th
1 Catalogue of Samskrit & Prakrit manuscripts in Central provinces & Berar by Raibahadur Hiralal B.A.
2. A descriptive catlogue of manuscripts in the Jaina Bhandārs at Patan by C.D. Dalal, published by Oriental Institute, Baroda, 1937.

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Latroduction
(31
century and under the reign of Ajayapala who was the great hater of Jainas and Jainism, Minister Udayana and others at that time removed the manuscripts from than one Papan to Jaisalmer and other unknown places'
Among the present collections in Pätan the first and the foremost is the famous palm leaf collection in Sanghavi Päda. This collection belongs to Laghuposālika branch of the Tapāgaccha. The collection containing 413 manuscripts, most of them contain single work though there are many manuscripts which consist of more than one work.
The collection of the Sangha Vakataji's Seri, Fofalia Väda is the largest onc at Pāțan. It contains 2686 paper manuscripts and 137 palm leaf manuscripts. Dr. Peterson has described 76 palm leaf manuscripts of this collection in his 5th Report.
There is a large collection of paper manuscripts in the Grantha Bhandar of Vadhi Pärswanātha temple. This Bhandar contains not only literary and old Jaina manuscripts but also good manuscripts of literary and philosophical works of the Brahmins and Budhists.
"The Grantha Bhandārs of Āgalaseri consists of 3035 paper and 22 palm leaf manuscripts and one cloth manuscript. The collection is specially rich for the sacred books of the Jainas and the commentaries thereon, some of which were copied at the expenses of a Jaina millionaire Canduśāh of Pāțan in the beginning of the 16th century. There are also many manuscripts of Jain Råsas in old Gujarati.
The Bhandar of Bhābhā Pādā is the collection of Vimala a branch of the Tapāgaccha. It has two collections one containing 528 and the other containing 1824 manuscripts.
The collection of the Sāgar's Upāśraya contains 1309 paper manuscripts most of which are of literary interest.
Besides the above collection there are several different collections which also have paper and palm leaf manuscripts. Out of these seven Bhandars, Khartarwasi Bhandar is most important. In this Shandâr dramas of Vätsayan, the minister of of Paramasdıdeva of Kalinjar exists.
The earliest dated manuscript at Patan was copied in 1062 A.D. There are about half a dozen undated manuscripts which were written earlier., the script of
1. A c'escripuve catalogue of manuscripts in the Jaina Bhandars at Patan by C.D. Dalal,
published by Oriental Institute, Berodi, 1937,

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32 ]
Damyanti and Candra Mahattara's Prakrit commentary Sitari and other manuscripts point out that they were written in the 10th century A.D. Among the places where the manuscripts were copied are Pätan Cambay, Dhalaki, Karnavati, Dungarpur, Vijaipur, Candravati and Prahladpura
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
Besides the palm leaf and paper manuscripts, the Bhandar contains two manuscripts on cloth one of which written in Samwat 1418 (1361 A.D.) and consists of 62 leaves measuring 25" x 5". The manuscripts are well preserved and the letters are very clear.
(vi) JAINA SIDHANT BHAWAN ARRAH
The collection of the manuscripts in Jaina Sidhant Bhawan Arrah is also good. The Bhawan was buiit some time back but the collection of the manuscripts was made from the Jaina temples and individual persons. There is a good number of the manuscripts which are on paper as will as on palm leaf. The Bhandar conststs of the following kinds of manuscripts
(1) Manuscripts written in Kannar script.
(2) Manuscripts of Samskrit, Prakrit and Hindi written in Nagari script. (3) Gutakas.
The manuscripts collected are of 18th, 19th and 20th century. The following manuscripts are worth mentioning.
1
VIDYANUVĀDĀNG composed by an unknown author. It deals with Pratistha and is written in Samskrit It is a collection work based on the previous works of Viracārya, Pujyapad, Jinasena, Gunabhadra, Vasunandi, Indunandi and Asadhar.
2 MADAN KĀMA RATNA-composed by Pujyapad in Samskrit It is on Ayurveda
3. NIDAN MUKTAWALI BY PUJYAPAD-The manuscript is in Samskrit and deals with Ayurveda
4. SAT DARSAN PRAMANA PRAMEYA-NU-PRAVESA:-The manuscript is on philosophy and written in Samskrit by Subhacandra.
1 Catalogue edited by Saparwadas Gupta, M A. was published in the year 1919.

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Introduction
33
5. GITA VITARAGA:-by Panditácārya cărükirti. It is also in Sanskrit
written in praise of a Tirthankara.
It is on grammer
6. PRÄKRIT VYAKARAN:-composed by Śrutasāgar.
and written in Sanskrit and Präkrit.
7. TATTVĀRTHA VRITTI:-by Bhaskarnandi. It is a commentary on the
famous book Tattwärtha Sätra of Umā Swati
(viii) JAINA GYĀNA BHANDĀR LIMBIDI
Limbibi was a centre of Jaina Sthānkavasi Sect. The Sådhûs of that sect used to assemble there every year or any time in a year. These monks required books to be studied. Thus for the study of the monks, the manuscripts were collected. For this collection Setha Dasa Devcanda took initiative and spent money in the collection and preservation of the manuscripts. The present collection of the manuscript was made in the year 1820 by Khartar Gacha Sadhū Ridhi Sagarji and after that in the year 1878-83, Shri Vinod Vijayjı belonging to Auncalgacha also helped in the collection of the manuscripts.
The collection contains manuscripts written on palm leaves as well as on paper. This collection is regarded as one of the biggest. The longest manuscript written on paper is Pravacana Sārodhār Satika which is 177"x49". In the same way the palam leaf manuscript of Gyátā Dharam Kathang is 331"x21". There are several manuscripts written in golden ink. Out of such manuscripts the Kalp Sutra (illustrated) and Adhyātma Geeta are very good.
Among the illustrated manuscripts Jambu Dwipa Pragyapti and Kalpastra deserve special mention. The total number of the manuscripts in this Bhandār is 3507 The manuscripts are in Prākrit, Samskrit and Gujrāti.
Most of the manuscripts were copied from 16th to 19th century.
(ix) JAINA GRANTHA BHANDĀR OF SORAT?
Sürat is also one of the main centres of collection of the manuscripts. There are twelve Grantha Bhandārs in the City which have 14,528 manuscripts in
Catalogue of Jaina Bhandar Limbidi published by Agamodaya Samiti Bombay in 1928
2. Süryapura Aneka Jaina Pustaka Bhandăgar Darsikā Suchi, published by Motichand
Magan Bhai in 1938.

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34
)
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
all. The names of the Grantha Bhandārs and the number of the manuscripts contained in them are as follows:--
Number of Manuscripts.
(1) Jainānand Pustakālaya
3100
(2) Jinadatta Sūri Gyāna Bhandar
1029
(3) Mohan Lal's Gyāna Bhandār
2704
(4) Sri Hukma Muni's Gyāna Bhandar
711
(5) Seth Nemicand Mulāpcand Upāsarā
891
(6) Sri Devacand Lālcand Jaina Library
386
(7) Sri Devasura Gaccha Sangraha
1047
(8) Śri Ansur Gaccha Sangraha
1612
(9) Śrī Cintāmani Gyāna Bhandār
170
(10) Sri Simāndhar Swamino Bhandar
780
(11) Śrī Baura Cautta Gyana Bhandar
338
(12) Vidyā Sālā
825
All these Grantha Bhandārs are in the different temples and Upasarās. though most of them are in the Gopipura locality. There are rich and rare manuscripts of Prākrit, Sanskrit, Gujarati and Marathi mn them
(X) PANNALAL SARWATI BHAWAN, BOMBAY
Sri Pannäläl established a Grantha Bhandar in Bombay in the year 1923 and collected some old and rare manuscripts. The total number of the mannscripts collected so far is 960. The Bhandār has published a yearly Report in which the names of the manuscripts are also given
(xi) SANTINĀTHA SĀSTRA BHANDĀR, KHAMBĀT
The Santinātha Sāstra Bhandal of Khambat has very good collection of palm leaves manuscripts. The re-establishment of this Bhandar was made by
1
Sri Khambat śāntinātha Prăcina Tada patriya Jaina Bhandar nu Sucipatra prepared by Vinay Kumar Suri and published by Mohanlal Deepcand

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Jaina Grantha Bhandars in India.
[ 35
Śrī Vijay Vallabh Süri. He also took great interest in preparing the list of the manuscripts. Dr. Peterson also saw this Bhandar and prepared a list of the manuscripts in the year 1882-83. But after some time the collection was again in disorder and some rare manuscript were made incomplete and in torn condition. The Bhandar possesses so many manuscripts which are rare and still unpublished. Most of the manuscripts were written in 12th to 16th century.
SOUTH INDIAN BHANDĀRS
South Iudia always remained the centre of literature, not only of Samskrit but Tamil, Telgu, Kannar and Malyanılam also. From time of Bhadrabahu, when he went to south with his 1200. disciples, South India also became the main land of Jainism The rulers of Ganga, Rastrakūt, Caulukya, Vijaynagar etc. were the lovers of Jainism. They gave shelter to the learned persons and induced them to write or compose works on various subjects. Poets like Pump, Ranna, Nagcandra and Jamma of Kannar literature will be remembered for ever.
There are several Grantha Bhandars in the State of Madras, Andhra, Kerala and Mysore. The script of the mauuscripts is of Kannad, Tamil, Telgu and Malayalam and also Samskrit and Präkit. Some of the famous Bhandars are as follows -
(x) SASTRA BHANDAR JAINA MATHA MÜDBIDRI
Mud Bidri is the ancient Jaina Tirth in the South Kanāra of Madras State. The Matha was established in about 10th or 11th century. There is a good Grantha Bhandar Now at present there are 2555 manuscripts written in Kannad and Samskrit, on the palm leaves.
Most of the manuscripts are of the 15th to 18th century. One of the peculiarities is that in the colophons of the manuscripts instead of Vikram era Sak Samvat was used. This shows that in South India Sak Samvat was more frequent and popular in the public than the Vikram era The catalogue of the Grantha Bhandar has already been published from Bhartiya Jnana Pitha Käshi'
(x1) VIRA BĀNI BILĀS JAINA SIDHANTA BHAWAN MÜD BIDRI
This Bhawan was estaqlished in the year 1933. The founder of this Bhandar called Saraswati Bhūśana was Śri Loka Natha Śāstri The collection
1. Kannad Prantiya Tāḍapatriya Grantha Suci by Pandit K. B Sastri published by Bhartiya Jnana Pitha Kashi 1948
2 Ibid

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36 )
Jaina Grantha Bhandårs in Rajasthan.
pertains to the founder himself and also the manuscripts donated by others. There is a very good collection of the manuscripts. The total number of the manuscripts is 958. All of them are on plam leaves.
(xiv) JAINA MATHA KĀRAKAL
Kārakal was the capital of the Bhairsa Rulers who were the followers of Jainism. The Matha was established in the year 1504 A.D. hence the Grant Bhandar of this place also was established in that year. Jaina Matha Kārkal is the seat of the Bhajţărakas. They are the owners of the Grantha Bhandar also. All the manuscripts are on palm leaves and their total number is 295.
(xv) ADINĀTHA GRANTHA BHANDĀR ALIYOOR.
Aliyoor is a place in the Kārakal Tehsil and nin: mile: dastant from Mūda Bidri. It was a very good city in the past, but now a days it is no more than a village. There is a Grantha Bhandar in the temple of Adinatha. All the manuscripts of the Bhandar are written on palm leaves. They are the common Granthas which are used in daily reading. Total number of the manuscripts is 125
(xvi) SIDDHANTA BASTI MOD BIDRI
As the owner of the Matha lives in temple hence it is called by the name of Guru Basti. The Grantha Bhandār of this temple is one of the most reputed Bhandārs in India because in this Bhandār the manuscripts of the Dhaval, Jai Dhaval and Mahā Dhaval are in the collection. These manuscripts are rare as they were not available in any of the Bhandārs of India before 30 years. Thousands of persons in every year visit this place and pay their homage to these manuscripts. Due to these manuscripts the name of the collection is called Siddhānta Basti. The three manuscripts are the part of Digambara Jaina Āgama which are only available at present. The temple is also famous for having 32 valuable images of Gold, Silver, Nilam and other kinds of precious stones Due to these shrins the temple is also centre of attraction for common Jaina people. The importance of the Bhandar is also due to the reason that all these manuscripts are on palm leaves and such a huge collection of palm-leaf manuscripts is not available generally at other places. Moreover there are about 124 manuscripts which are rare one and have not been published so far.

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CHAPTER III GRANTHA BHANDĀRS IN RĀJASTHAN

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Grantha Bhandārs of Aimer Division.
39
Rajasthan remained a literary centre for many centuries. This State though divided into several small states, was never under the direct control of the Central Government of Delhi and so there were not many political changes and peace and order generally existed in this area. The Rulers of Rajasthan always regarded all the religions of their public equally. They never interfered in religious matters and the public was allowed to follow their own religions freely.
The Jainas were peace loving persons and were an influential community, Most of the states of Rajasthan and specially states of Jaipur, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Jaisalmer. Udaipur, Bündi,, Dungarpur, Alwar, Bharatpur and Kotäh were the main centres of the Jainas. For centuries persons of the Jaina community took prominent part in the State Administration. They reached the highest posts and got honour from the Rulers and due to this thousands Ja.na temples were constructed throughout Rajasthan The Jaina temples of Abu, Jaisalmer, Jaipur, Sanganer, Bharatpur, Bikaner, Sojat, Ranakpur, Mozamābād, Kāśoraipatan Kota, Bundi and several others remained the centres of Art and Architecture for a considerable period.
centre
From the literary point of view also the Rajasthan remained always the Rulers and the eduacated public in general took great interest in literature. New works were written and old ones copied The collection of the Jaina Grantha Bhandars of Jaisalmer, Nagaur, Jaipur, Bikaner. Udaipur and Ajmer are unique and such big collections are not available in other parts of India The earliest dated manuscripts written on palm leaves as well as on paper are preserved in the collection of the Grantha Bhandars of Rajasthan. Not only old manuscripts were collected but new works were also composed. The Grantha Bhandars of this State are so valuable that some of the mauuscripts are found only in the collection of these Bhandars 80 percent of the Apabhramsa works are preserved in these Bhandars and specially at Jaipur, Amer, Nagaur and Ajmer Bhandārs Work on Rajasthan and other vernacular languages are found in such a great number that other Bhandars of India cannot be compared with them. More than half of the Hindi works which were composed by the Jaina authors were written by Rajasthäni scholars and are preserved in these Bhandars
Ajmer, Nagaur, Amer and Dungarpur remained the main centres of Digambara Bhattarakas who were not only scholars but had great influence on the public of their time So in these places we find good collection of the manuscripts They used to travel in the interior of the small villages for the spread of the knowledge and moral teachings

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40 ]
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
The Granth Bhanḍārs are of various sizes. In Big Sastra Bhandārs not only old manuscripts of religious texts are in the collection but manuscripts on secular subjects like literature, kavya, Purāṇa, astronomy, mathematics and medicine are also there in these Bhandars. Books on the subjects like stories or Kathas and dramas are in abundance. Works on social, political and economical life of the times are also available in them. In some of the Bhandars there are rare manuscripts though written by non-Jaina authors and not available in non-Jain collections Vachavata Vanśavali by Cărana, Vaital Paccisi by Hālu, Vilhana Carita Caupai by Dulha are some of them, All the manuscript copies of Visal Deva Rāso have been found in the Jaina Sastra Bhanḍārs. Most of the Bhandars which possess more than 500 manuscripts are the research Institutes for the students who are desirous of making research in various branches of learning such as Kavya, Alankara, Chanda, Jyotisa, Ayurveda, Mathematics and Politics Economics, Music Singing and Dancing etc There is a great wealth preserved in these institutions which were not easily accesseable to the scholars previously, but now these Bhandārs can be seen easily and research material may be collected It is a matter of great regiet that neither the Jainas nor the non-Jain scholars have tried to examine the literature collected in them and in the absence of research, several important works have not yet come to light
These Grantha Bhandars are manuscripts libraries where bonafide student can get books for study. In the past also they were more or less like modern libraries and reading rooms, The manuscripts placed in some of these Bhandārs were fully catalogued alphabetically and also subjectwise The manuscripts were placed between wooden boards and held together by means of strings of cotton or silk. The manuscupts are then wrapped in pieces of cloth or silk and they are arranged in serial number. Thus they are arranged in a very scientific manner and due to adoption of scientific way of their preservation, manuscripts written as early as the 11th century are still preserved in these Grantha Bhandars
As already stated above these Grantha Bhandars are situated in various cities, towns and villages. So it it is very difficult to state their definite number. Upto this time no sincere 'attempts were made to search out all these Bhandars of Rajasthan Except the Jaisalmer Bhandars, no other Bhanḍārs were examined either by the foreigners or the by Indian Scholars Among the foreigners, Bhuler and Peterson and among the Indians. Sridhar Bhandarkar. Hīrā Lāl, Hans Raj Hansvijay and C. D. Dalal were the main scholars who did this work, but all these scholars worked only in the Grantha Bhandars of Jaisalmer. Ail the other Grantha Bhandars of Rajasthan remained untouched and unseen by the scholars and the result of not visiting the Bhandars was that a complete History of Indian literature such as of Samskrit. Prakrit, Apabhramsa, Hindi and Rajasthan could not be placed

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Grantha Bhandars of Ajmer Division.
[41
before the scholars and in this way the true position of Indian literature and specially of Jaina literature has remained unknown.
The Grantha Bhandărs of Rajasthan have been divided divisionwise, which are as follows:
1
Grantha Bhandars of Ajmer Division.
2. Grantha Bhandārs of Bīkāner Division.
3. Grantha Bhandärs of Jodhpur Division.
4
Grantha Bhandars of Udaipur Division.
5. Grantha Bhandars of Koţāh Division.
The Grantha Bhandārs of Ajmer Division include the Bhandärs of former Jaipur, Alwar, Bharatpur, Tonk states and Ajmer which has also been merged into Rajasthān from 1st November 1956.
The Grantha Bhandārs of Bikāner Division are lunited to only former State of Bikāner.
The Grantha Bhandars of Jodhpur Division include the Bhandārs of former Jodhpur and Jaisalmer states.
The Giantha Bhandārs of Udaipur Division include the Bhandārs of former states of Udaipur. Dungarpur, Bānswära and Pratăpgarh but at present there are no Grantha Bhandārs in Bānswāra and Pratāpgarh States, so Bhandărs of Udaipur and Dungarpur only have been discussed.
And the last of all, the Grantha Bhandārs of Kotāh Division include the Bhandārs of former States of Kotäh, Bundi and Jhālāwār
GRANTHA BHANDĀRS OF AJMER DIVISION
Jaipur and Alwar were the princely states of Rajasthān, which were never at war with the Moghuls as the rulers of these states remained always loyal to Delhi Emperors. Peace and tranquility, therefore reigned generally in these states for a long time. Tonk as an independent state was created in 1818 A.D. The rulers of this state treated their Hindū and Muslim subjects alike. In Jaipur, the Hindus and Jainas lived side by side for centuries and there was rarely a conflict on the question of

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421
Jajna Grantha Bhandars in Rājasthan
religion let live.
They always followed the principle of co-existence and also of live and In the farmer state of Jaipur the population of Jainas is good.
The Rulers of Amer and Jaipur patronized the Jainas. There had been several Jaina Dewāns' among whom Mohandasa Bhăvasã, Bimal Dasa Chābrä, Ramacandra Chābrā, Rão Jagram Pāndyā, Rão Kripā Ram Pāndyā, Ratancanda Sah, Bālācanda Chābrā, Rāyacanda Chābrä, Sānghi Jhuthan Rāma, and Amarcanda Khindūkä were very famous and served the state with great loyalty and efficiency. Most of them constructed Jaina temples in the state and established Grantha Bhandars in them in appreciation of their remarkable services, the rulers of the state gave full protection to the temples as well the Grantha Bhandārs. Mohan Das (17th century) constructed a temple in Amcr whis is called Sanghi Jaina temple. He was Dewan of Mirza Rājā Jai Singh I, (1621 to 1667). Rām candra became Devān after Mohan Dāsa in Samwat 1747 (1690 A D.) and remained on this post upto 1776 (1719 A.D.) and he constructed Jaina temples in Sāhiwad (Jaipur), Ujjain and Jaisinghpurā (Delhi). He was a very influential Dewan of his time? He died in the battle of Lalsot wliere a memorial built by the Government in his memory still exists.
Rao Krīpā Rām Pandya? served as Dewan from 1780 to 1804 (1723 to 1747 A.D.). He constructed several Jaina temples in Āmur, D:lhi, Lohāgarh, and Cätsu. He was also a devotee of the sum. Tradition was it that he constructed 120 Şun temples throughout India The famous Sun temple of Galtā near the Jaipur City was also constructed by hun
The Jainas predominated in the administration of the Jaipur State for about 300 years. Inspite of Muslim Rule in the country there was no fear of fanaticism in the state and the Jainas were free to construct temples and establish the Grantha Bhandārs. It was only when Aurangzeb passed through the State in 1670 A D. that some destruction was done But it was a passing phase.
i
Vira Vänı year One, Volume !
२
रामचन्द बिमलेश की ढ़ ढाह को ढाल,
बाका ने सूधा किया, सूधा ने किया निहाल । मत कोई फलमा जुडो, मत कोई जुडो किवाड,
येह राम चन्द बिमलेश की ढ ढाहड की ढाल । घर राग्वरण धरा राखरण प्रजा रावण पारण, जयसिह कहै रामचन्द तू साचो छे दीवारण ।।
Vira Vān: Vol I

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Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
[43
There more than 50 Bhandārs in the area of Jaipur, Tonk, Alwar and Bharatpur. Those in the Jaipur State are very important e.g., Mālpurā. Todārārsingh, Mozmābād, Dausā, Āmer, Sängāner, Cätsu, Baswă etc.
But at present there are no Bhandārs in Amer, Sangāner and Catsu as they were shifted to the Jaipur City long ago.
We shall now give a short description of Grantha Bhandārs of this area.
GRANTHA BHANDĀRS OF JAIPUR CITY
Jaipur City was founded by Räjä Sawai Jaisingh in Samvat 1784, (1727 AD) and the capital was shifted here from Amer, six miles from Jaipur. The Mahārājā made it a centre of literature and Art He established a Pothi Khánī which contains the valuable manuscripts on several subjects brought from several places of India Māhārājā Pratap Singh was himself a scholar who wrote several works He wrote SANGEET SARA' of which a manuscript is preserved in the Grantha Bhandār of the Jaina temple of Teräpanthis Jaipur,
When the Jainas shifted from Āmer, Sāngāner and other places they broght with them the manuscripts from these places and placed them in the various temples of Jaipur
In the last two centuries there were several scholars who contributed to literature greatly Some of the most prominent scholars were Daulat Rām Kāslīwāl (18th Century), Todar Mal (18th Century), Gumāni Ráma (18th and 19th Century)
Tek Cand (18th Century), Deep Cand Kāsliwal (18th Century), Jai Cand Chăbrā (19th Century), Dalu Rām (19th Century), Mannā Lal Pātnī (19th Century), Kesari Singh (19th Century), Nem: Canda Pātni (19th Century), Nand Lāl Chābrā (19th Century), Swaroop Cand Bilālā (19th Century) Saçãsukh Kasliwal (19th Century) Baba Duli Cand Päras Dās Negotā (19th Century) Jait Ram (191h Century) Pannā Lal Chaudhary (19th Century). These scholars enriched the treasure of Hindi & Saṁskrit literature They wrote original works and also translated into Hindi works of Samskrit & Prākrit in order to propogate the reading of Hindı. They also cstablished new Bhandārs. At present there are 20 Grantha Bhandārs in the Jaipur City which possess more than 15 thousands manusculpts.
Apart from these scholars there had been several copyists who used to copy out the manuscripts on the request of the srāvakas, countless manuscripts were copied in this City and they were placed not only in the City libraries butin several maunscript libraries of Rajasthan and outside Rājasthan Thus the Jaipur city was a radiating centre of literary activities in the past

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44 )
Jaina Grantha Bhandārs in Rajasthan.
(1) ĀMER ŠĀSTRA BHANDĀR
Āmer Šāstra Bhandār was situated previously in the Digamber jain temple of Nemināth of Amer City, the old capital of the former Jaipur State and which is six miles from the Jaipur City. This whole collection has been shifted to Jaipur some time back and has been placed at Mahāvīră Bhawan Previously, this Sastra Bhandar was known by the name of Bhattārak Davendra Kirti Šāstra Bhandar who was the learned as well as most influential Bhattārak of his time (18th Century). There are 25 manuscripts in this Bhandar which were presented to him from time to time by the House holders. He took great interest in enriching the collection. The City of Amer remained a centre of Bhattārakas for sufficient time.
Amer Sastra Bhandăr is one of the oldest Bhandārs in Rājasthān. It was established carlier than the 17th Century but after some time it bacame famous by the name of Devandra Kirti Šāstra Bhandar though now it is called by the name of Āiner Šāstra Bhandār.
Before thirty years, manuscripts of this Bhandār were not accessable to everyone. The Sāstia Bhandār was used to be opened once a year at the time of Sruta Pancamı which comes in the month of Jestha and afterwards used to rómain closed for whole of the year. There are 2605 manuscripts and 150 Guikas in this collection, Earliest manuscript is of UTTARAPURĀNA written by Mahākavi Puspadanta in Apabhramsa language. This manuscript is dated 1334 AD which was copied in Joginipur (Delhi) under the rule of Muhammad Tughluq. Manuscripts copied in 15th, 16th and 17th centuries are in good number The collection of old manuscripts show that this Bhandār was the centre of literary activities in old days. The manuscripts are in Samskrit Präkrit. Apabhraṁsa Hindi and Rajasthāni languages. The Šāstra Bhandát is a great store house for Apabhramsa literature as about 50 works of this language are available here. Works written by Kavi Swayambhū, the first author of the Apabhramsa and Amer Sen Carita composed by Mänikkarãi considered to be latest scholar are in the collection of this Bhandar There are several rare manuscripts uke Sakalvıdhi-nidhan of Nayanandı 11th Century) and Paraswapurān of Padamkirti (10th Century). Such works are not available in other Bhandārs
The Šāstra Bhandar also contains quite a number of valuable manuscripts in Samskrit & Hindi A Samskrit commentary on Kırätārjuniya written by Prakasa Vaşa is a rare manuscript which is not available in other manuscript libraries. Though the Bhandār preserves manuscripts on Jainism but the texts on secular subjects like Ayurveda, Jyotişa. Vyakarana, Mantra Šāstra, etc. are also in good number. Manuscripts of the Samskrit Kāvyas written by Kálidās, Bhārvi and Māgha are included in the collection of the Bhandar. As regards Hindi and Rājasthānı literature,

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Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
there is a good number of books written by the various old Hindi writers. Manuscripts of the works written by Bhaṭṭārak Sakal Kirti (15th Century) Brahmajinadās (15th Century) Voocarāja (16th Century), Chihal (16th Century), Banārsīdās (17th Century) Bhudhardas (18th Century) and non-Jaina scholars like Bihāri (16th Century), Keśāva, Vrinda etc. form part of collection of the Bhandar,
The Sastra Bhandar at present exists in Mahāvīra Bhawan situated in Caurā Rāstā where a Jaina Research Institute is also working. The catalogue of this bhandar has been published '
(2) SASTRA BHANDAR OF BADA MANDIRA, JAIPUR.
45
HISTORY OF THE GRANTHA BHANDAR
This Sastra Bhandar is situated in the Digambar Jaina Terapanthi Temple at Gheewalon ka Rästä This is a Pancayati temple and is one of the four such temples of the City. The temple was constructed about two hundred years ago by the Jainas who migrated from Sanganer and Amer, This Bhandar also came into its present shape at that time but as a matter of fact the manuscripts which are in the collection of the library were originally in the Jaina Bhandars of Amer and Sanganer and when the Jainas of those places shifted to this new city, the manuscripts were also brought from them and placed in this Bhandār
There are two Grantha Bhandars in this temple. One is called by the name of Saraswati Bhawan Bada Mandir and the other is called Babā Dūlī Cand's Sastra Bhandar. First of all we shall deal with the collection of Bada Mandi. This Grantha Bhandar is one of the biggest Śästra Bhandars of the city, which has 2630 manuscripts This collection includes 324 Gutkas also All the manuscripts are on
paper
1
PATRONS OF THE SASTRA BHANDAR
A number of Jain scholars like Todar Malla (18th Century), Jai candra Chabra (19th Century) and Sadāsukha Kasliwal (19th Century), Mannalal Khindūkā (19th Century) etc took great interest in the development of this Bhandar and even works written in their own hands are also available here.
Rājāsthān ke Śāstra Bhandaron ki Granth Suchi Part I published by Sri Digamber Jain Atisaya Ksetra Sri Mahaviji 1948

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46
)
Jaina Grantha Bhandārs in Rajāsthån.
EARLIEST AMD LATEST MANUSCRIPT.
The manuscript of Pancāsti Käya, a famous work of Acarya Kunda Kunda written in Prākrit is the earliest one. This was copied in Vikram Samvat 1329 10. in 1272 A.D. This was written in Delhi which was called Yoginipur at that ume The copyrst of this manuscript and Uttarpurāna, the earliest manuscript in Amer Šāstra Bhandār was one and the same The latest manuscript is 'Dharmopdeša Ratnamālā' of Duli Canda written in Sarwat 1964 (1907 A D.) by the writer himself,
This shows that upto 50 years back there was a continuous effort of copying and placing the manuscripts in the Grantha Bhandāl.
CENTRE OU SCHOLARS
There is a very good collection of the manuscripts written in oriental as well as in Hindi and Rājasthāni languages This collection pertains to books written by Jaina and non-Jaina authors Works written by Jaina authors deal with various subjects pertaining to religion such as Sidhắnta, Pūjā Pratisthā and Vidhān and secular subjects like Purana, Kāvya. Kathä, short Kavya called carita, Philosophy, and scientific subjects like grammer, Prosody, Liricography, Jyotis 1, and Ayurveda. Works written by non-Jaina authors pertain mainly to Kāvya, Grammei Ayurveda Jyotisa and sexualogy etc There are 13 manuscripts of Raghuvansa, Kavya written hy Kavi Kalıdāsa and two Samskrit commentaries on Kirātājuniya of Bhārvi. Besides this there is a good collection of Hindi works written by Gorakhanāth and his followers, Kabīrdäsa, Bihārı, Keśava, Vrinda and several of others. Books written in Apabhraíía are in abundance. Literature of Swayambhū (9th Century), Puspadanta (10th Century) Vīra (11th Century) Nayanandı & Radhu etc are also in the collection There are two samskrit commentaries on Jambu Swāmi Cariya and Pauma Cariya which are not available in other Bhandārs. There is one manuscript of Ādipurāna ot Puspadanta which is profusely illustrated and only one manuscript of its kind throughout India This illustrated manuscript was copied in Vikram Saṁwat 1597 (1540 A.D) Delhi, The manuscript has 558 coloured pictures fully based on the text The Harivansa purāna of Dhaval, a famous scholar of 10th Century is also available in this Bhandar. This manuscript has not been tound so far in any other Bhandar of Rajasthan. There is a rich collection of Hindi works also. Cauvisi Gita, a Hindi work composed in Saswat 1371 (1314 A.D.) by Kavi Delha has been discovered in this Sástia Bhandar
We may mention here that the collection of the Gutakās of this Bhandār is also of great importance. Some small works of Samskrit and Hindi find a good

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Grantha Bhandārs of Ajmer Division.
[ 47
place in them. The Gutakās were the note books of the literary persons who used to note the important passages or small works of interest in them A list of this Sastra Bhandār has been published duly edited by the writer himself in the year 1954.
(3) GRANTHA BHANDĀR OF PANDYA LONKARAN
HISTORY OF THE GRANTHA BHANDAR
The Grantha Bhandār was established by Pāndyā Lūnakaran in the temple which is famous after his name. Pāndyā is a class of monks who live in the outer part
of a temple. Pāndyā Lūnkaran was also a monk of such type. The temple was built under his supervision and remained the centre of his literary activities, so both the temple and Grantha Bhandār began to be called after his name. Though there is no exact date regarding the establishment of the Grantha Bhandār but there is one manuscript of Yasodhar Caritra, which was copied for Pāndyā Lüņkāran in Saṁwat 1788 (1731 AD) It is also mentioned there that he was the pupil of Pandit Khivsiji who was the pupil of Bhattārakā Jagat Kirli ? From this reference it appears that Lūnkaran established permanently in Jaipur after the year 1731 A.D. and constructed the temple and placed the manuscripts which were with him
PATRONS OF THE BHANDĀR
Pandyā Lūnkaran was the main founder and patron of the Sastra Bhandar Most of the manuscripts preserved here were collected by him. He was a very learned nian and was expert in the subjects like Ayurveda, Jyotisa and Mantra Śästra He devoted his full life either in studying the literature or in collecting the manuscripts for the library. There are 807 manuscripts and 225 Gutakās in the collection of the Bhandār and it is certain that most of them were collected by him in his life time A collection of such a good store of knowledge shows that he
1
Rajasthan ke Jaina Šāstra Bhāndalon ki Grantha Suci, part II
२ मवत् १७८८ पासोजमासे शुक्लपक्षे दगम्या तिथौ बुधवासरे वृन्दावत्या नगर्या
खन्डेलवालान्वये अजमेरागोत्रे .. "एनेपा मध्ये चिरजीवि रायचन्दजी तेनेद यशोधरचरित्र निजज्ञानावर्गीकर्मक्षयार्थ भटारकश्रीजगतकीति तन शिष्यविद वन्मन्डलीडित पडितजीधीखीवमीजी तत शिष्यपडित लगाकरगाय घटापित ।
Yaśodhara Carita -Giantha Bhandār of Pandya Lūnkaranji

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48
)
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
had a great desire in his heart to serve the Indian literature in general and Jaina hterature in particular. There is a good collection of Saṁskrt, Hindi and Prākrit works The earliest manuscript of this Bhandăr is the manuscript of Parmatma Prakāśa written in Saṁwat 1407 (1350 A.D) and the latest manuscript was written in Samwat 1955 which is Namokara Mantra Katha. There is a manuscript of Yasodhar Caritra of Sakal Kirti, which is fully illustrated. The manuscript contains coloured illustrations completely based on the story. Except this, all the manuscripts which have coloured illustrations are related to the Mantra Sastra.
SUBJECTS DEALT WITH
Manuscripts whrch are in the Sāstra Bhandär relate both to religious and secular subjects. But the main subjects on which the manuscripts are available are Jyotisa, Ayurveda and Mantra Šāstra. Manuscripts of Mādhav-Nidhân, Yoga Cintamani, Vaidy-Manotsava, Bhairava Padmavati Kalpa, and Vidyānuvāda are also there
The Bhandār is quite systematic. The Granthas have been placed in serial number They are placed in stone almirahs having glass shutters. The catalogue of this Bhandär has already been published duly edited by the author himseif
(4) ŚĀSTRA BHANDĀR OF BĀBI DOLTCANDA
The Sastra Bhandar of Bāba Dūlicand is situated in Jaina Digambar temple of Terāpanthi which is also called Bada Mandir. Thus Grantha Bhandār was established by Sri Dūlicand in the year 1854 AD, He was a great Hindi lover of his time. He was not a Jaipurian but belonged to Poona District of Mahärästra state. He came to laipui with the manuscripts and established the Šāstra Bhandar which became famous alter his name He died in the year 1871 AD at Agra
There are 850 manuscripts in this Šāstra Bhandār which were collected by him alone by travelling throughout India. Some of the manuscripts were either got wiitten by Dülicand or were presented to him by the Jaina Śrävakas and the rest were collected by him from various places. He led a life of Jaina Sadhu and travelled thrice throughout India. He also wrote a description about his travel in Jaina Yatrā Darpana, a manuscript which is available in the Bhandar. He was a good scholar of Hindi and Samskrit and translated about 15 works in Hindi. All of these works are preserved in the Bhandar.
1. Rajasthän ke Jainā Sastra Bhandaron ki Granih Suci Part II year 1954.

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Grantha Bhandars of Ajmer Division.
[ 49
The manuscripts in the Sastra Bhandar are mainly in two languages 1.e. Samskrit and Hindi. Hindi manuscripts are the translations of Samskrit texts. The subjects dealtwith in the manuscripts are mainly religious, Purana, Katha and Caritra etc.
(5) SASTRA BHANDAR OF JAINA TEMPLE BADHICAND
This Sastra Bhandar is situated in the Jaina temple Badhi Canda which is a famous Jaina temple of the city. It is situated at Gheewalon kā Rāstā, Johari Bāzār. The temple was constructed by Sri Badhi Canda who was Dewan of Jaipur state for some time. The Sastra Bhandar was established in Samwat 1795 (1738 A.D.) on the completion of the temple.
PATRONS OF THE SASTRA BHANDAR
The Sastra Bhandar of this temple was greatly patronized by Pandit Todaramal and his son Gumāni Rām (18th Century), It remained the main centre of their literary activities. Pandit Toḍarmal and Gumāni Rāma used to write new works in this temple. Original manuscripts of Mokšamārga prakāśa, Ātmānuśāsan, and Puruşartha Sidhyupaya written by Pandit Todar Mal are in the collection of the Bhandar. Gumāni Rama also worked for the growth of the Sastra Bhandar and for some time it was called after his name.
There are 1278 manuscripts in it. This number includes the Gutakās also which are 162. Manuscripts are mainly in four languages 1.e Prakrit, Samskrit, Apabhramsa, and Hindi. All the manuscripts are written on paper and there is no palmleaf manuscript in the collection.
The main subjects on which the manuscripts are available are Jaina religion, Adhyatma, Purāna, Kavya, short stories and miscellaneous works. The works written by non-Jaina authors are not in good number but some famous works of Kalidasa, Anubhūti Swarupācārya, Kabīrdāsa, Kesavadāsa are in the collection,
The earliest manuscript available in the Grantha Bhandar is a commentary on Vaḍḍhmāņa Kāvya written in Samwat 1481 (1424 A.D.) on the 10th bright day of Asoja month. This is a Samskrit commentary on the Apabhramsa work. Vāḍḍhman Kavya was written by Jayamitra Hala in 13th Century. The latest manuscript was written in Samwat 1987 (1930 A.D.) which is called Adhardwīpa Pūjā. Thus there are manuscripts written during the last 500 years.
Some
The collection of Hindi and Apabhramśa works is in good number of them are still unpublished and others are rare one. The manuscript of Harivansa.

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Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
Purana an Apabhramsa work of Mahakavi Swayambhu, is in the collection of this Bhandar. This is a rare manuscript and only three or four copies are available throughout India. The commentary of Väddhmāņa Kavya in Samskrit is also a rare one. Manuscript of Pradyumna Carita, a Hindi work composed in 1354 A.D. is also a rare one. This is a very good work written by Sadharu in Hindi. Gutakās of this Bhandar possess several small works of Hindi scholars. The works of Jaina poets like Sakal Kirti (15th Century) Chihal (16th Century), Hansraja (17th Cenutury) Thakursi (16th Century) Jinaḍāsa (17th Century), Pūno (16th Century) Banarsi Dāsa (17th Century) etc. are available in these Gutakas. The collection of works of Ajayarāja pātni about 20 in number have been traced out in the Sastra Bhandar. He was a scholar of 18th Century.
(6) GRANTHA BHANDAR OF THOLIYA JAINA TEMPLE
Digambar Jaina Tholia temple is situated in the Ghee walon kā Rāstā near the temple of Badhi Canda The temple was constructed by a Tholiya family in the 18th Century. It is also one of the famous and beautiful temples of the City
There is a Sastra Bhandar which was started after the completion of the temple. Now it is housed in a newly constructed room The manuscripts were brought from Sanganer and Amer and some of them were written and copied here also The work of writing new manuscripts slowed down from Samwat 1900 (1843 A D)
There are 658 manuscripts and 125 Gutakäs in the Sastra Bhandar. Though the number of the manuscripts is not great but from the point of material, it is a remarkable Bhandar
The earliest manuscript which is available in the collection is a commentary of Dravya Sangraha by Brahma Deva This mannscript was copied in Samwat 1416 (1359 AD), Bhadwa Sudi 13 at Yoginipur The writer of this manuscript has also mentioned the Emperor's name as Feroz Sah. The latest manuscript named Bisa Tirthankara Pūjā was written in Samwat 1654 (1897 A.D) Săvan Budi Saptmi This was copied in Ajmer by Sri Panna Lala himself. Most of the manuscripts available in the Grantha Bhandar are of 16th, 17th and 18th centuries The manuscripts are more on literary subjects. The collection of Gutakas is also good Several small works of Subha Candra (16th Century), Hemataja (17th Century), Raghunatha (17th Century),
1 Rajasthan ke Jain Sasta Bhandaion ki Grantha Suci, Part III.

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Grantha Bhandårs of Aimer Division.
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Brahma Jinadāsa (15th Century) Brahma Gyāna Sagar (17th Century), Padmanabha (16th Century) etc. are in these Gutakās. As regards the non-Jaina works, the Dohās of Dadu Dayal, Iśka Cimana of Nagaridasa, Daştūra Malika of Bansidhara, Gyāna Bheda, Gyānasāra, Nitya Vihara, and Prasangasăra of Raghunatha are important works.
All the manuscripts are written on paper. There is one manuscript namely Pūjā Sangraha in which coloured pictures of Mandals of Pūja ar- given.
The Sastra Bhandār is completely systematic. One manuscript has been kept in one Vesthana and therefore manuscripts can be traced out casily. The catalogue of this Bhandār is already published by Digambar Jain Atisaya Ksetra Sri Mahāvīri.
(7) GRANTHA BHANDĀR OF JAINA TEMPLE PĀŢODI
Grantha Bhandar of Jaina temple Patodi is the next biggest collection of the Jaipur City It is situated in the Jaina temple of Pāțodi, which exists in Caukari Modi Khānā The temple remained the seat of Bhattārakas from the year 1758 A.D. The installation ceremony of the four Bhattarakas namely Kśemendra Kirti (1758). Surendra Kirti (1765) Sukhendra Kirti (1795) and Nāyan Kirti (1822) was performed here This temple had a direct connection with these Jaina monks for about hundred years The manuscripts of were brought here by them and afterwords this Bhandar was established in about 1737 A.D
The Sāstra Bhandar maintained the literaries activities for a century These Bhattārakas were the main patrons of the Bhandārs There was good arrangement of copying the manuscripts and several scholars who had good hand-writing were employed by these Bhattarakas and manuscripts were got written on the request of the Srāvakas. When the influence of these Bhattārakas ceased the Grantha Bhandar came in the possession of the Srāvakas But as it appears from the collection of the manuscripts that the persons did not take interest in obtaining new manuscripts as such the number of these manuscripts did not increase rapidly Moreover due to mis-management some manuscripts were reduced to ashes and works of the high standard and poetic beauty were allowed to decay
1. Rajasthan ke Jaina Śåstra Bhandaron ki Grantha Suci Part III.

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52 1
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
NUMBER OF THE MANUSCRIPTS
The total number of the manuscripts and the Gutkas in the Bhandar is 2257 and 308 respectively. Out of these manuscripts more than 450 manuscripts relate purely to Vedic literature. All the manuscripts are on paper except the two, Bhaktamar Stotra, and Tatwärtha Sutra, which are on palm leaves. There are some maps of Jambu Dwipa, Adhãi Dwipa and of some Yantras which are on cloth. Some maps are fully illustrated.
EARLIEST & LATEST MANUSCRIPTS,
The earliest manuscript available in the Bhandar is Jasahara Carıya of Puşpadanta. an Apabhramśa work of 10th Century. This manuscript was copied in 1407 (1350 A.D.) in the fort of Candrapur. The latest manuscript of Padmanandipancavinśati was copied in Samwat 1950 (1893 A.D.). This shows that there are manuscripts written from the year 1350 to 1893 A.D. Most of the manuscripts were written in the 15th, to 18th centuries. A few of these were written in the 19th
century.
SUBJECTS DEAL WITH
The manuscripts in the Sastra Bhandar deal with a variety of subjects like Purana, Carita, Kavya, Grammer and various aspects of Jaina religion. The languages used are Prakrit, Apabhramśa, Samskrit, Hindi, and Rajasthānī. Pūjā and stotra works form a substantial part of the collection. There are more than 450 small manuscripts, the matter of which have been taken from Samhitas, Bhagwat Mahāpurāṇa and other purāns. Apart from these there are good Hindi works written by Jaina as well as non-jaina authors The following are the further main features of the Sastra Bhandar.
(1) There is a good collection of Samskrit works on Ayurveda & Jyotisa
(2) The collection of Gutakas containing small texts is also remarkable Among rare works of Hindi, one is JINADUTTA CARITA, a work of 1297 A.D. This was composed by Kavi Ralha. This is perhaps one of the earliest manuscript of Hindi ever found in a Digambai Jain Śăstra Bhandar.
The condition of the Grantha Bhandar is satisfactory. All the manuscripts are placed in serial number and therefore manuscript may be taken out without any difficulty. The complete catalogue of the Bhandar has recently been prepared and published.'
J Rajasthan ke Sastra Bhandaron ki Grantha Suci Part IV

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Grantha Bhandars of Ajmer Division.
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(8) ŚRI CANDRA PRABHA SARASWATI BHANDAR.
The Candra Prabha Saraswati Bhandar is situated in the Jain temple of Dewan Amarcand., who remained a prominent Dewan of the former State of Jaipur in the 19th century for a lorg period. His father named Sivjiläl was also Dewan of the state in the time of Māhārājā Jagat Singh. He constructed a Jaina temple. The temple which was constructed by Shivjill is called temple of Bādā Dewanji, while the one which was built by his son Amarcanda is called temple of Chogā Dewānui. This temple is situated in the Lālji Sănd kā Rāstā, Caukri Modi Khānă. The temple relates to Terapanthi Sect. There are 830 manuscripts in the Šāstra Bhandar, of which about 350 are incomplete. This is due to the mismanagement of the authorities who gave the manuscripts to the readers and never demanded them back. There is a good collection of Sanskrit works, and specially of Půjā and Puräna literature. The whole manuscripts may be divided as under -
Samshut-418, Apabhrama-4, Hindi-311, Prākrit-58 and the important subjects on which the manuscripts are available are as follows --
Religious texts
Adhyātma
Purana
.
..
30
Katha
Pūjā literature
Stotra
PATRONS OF THE BHANDAR.
The Sastra Bhandār was established at the time of the construction of the temple. Dewan Amarcand took a great interest in the collection of the manuscripts His contemporary scholars of Jaina literature were Rājamala, Nawal Rāma, Gumāni Rām, Jarcandra Chabrā, Dālu Rām, Mannā Lal Khindaka and Swaroop Cand Bılā ā and with the help of these scholars he managed to collect a good number of manuscripts. Kšatra Cudāmaņi (1834) Gomattasāra (1828) Pancatantra (1830) and Pratimāsānta Caturdaši Vratodyapana (1820) were got copied by him and placed in the Grantha Bhandar. Kārtikeyānuprekšā is the earliest written manuscript while
1. Rajasthan ke Jaina Sastra Bhandaron ki Grantha Suci Part IV

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Jarna Grantha Bhandārs in Rajasthan.
Dhanya Kumār Caritra is the latest one, These were copied in the year 1563 and 1937 A.D. respectively. Most of the manuscripts in the Bhandar belong to the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries.
(9) SÄSTRA BHANDĀR OF JOBNER TEMPLE
The Sastra Bhandār is situated in the temple of Jobner in Khojaran kā Rāstā, Chåndpole Bāzār, Jaipur City. The temple remained a seat of Jaina monks for a long time and last Pandyā Bhaktāwara Lāl died recently about 12 years ago The Sastra Bhandar remained in their possession from the very beginning. This class of Pandyās were interested generally in Ayurveda, Jyotisa and Mantra Šāstra and the collection of the manuscripts pertaining to these subjects were given preference to other literature
NUMBER OF MANUSCRIPTS
The total number of the manuscripts in this Bhandar is 340. This number includes the number of the Guļa kās. The collection of Samskrit manuscripts are more than those of Hindi manuscripts This shows that the Pandyās were the Scholars of Samskrit literature. Manuscripts are not very old being written in 17th to 19th Century Somc of the important manuscripts are as follows --
(1) Sabhāsāra Nājak of Raghurāj in Hindi. This describes the etiquette
to be observed in the Royal Courts
(2) Anjanā Rása of Sāntı Kusal, composed in 1603 A D. This describes
the life of Anjanā , the mothér of Hanumāna.
(3) Behari Satsai of Biharilal The manuscript was written in 1716 A.D.
The peculiarity of this manuscript is that all the stanzas are written in alphabetical order.
The manuscript was copied in
(4) Raghuvansa Kāvya by Kälıdāsa.
1623 AD.
(5) Rukmani Vivāhlo by Prithaviraj Rāthora in Hindi The manuscript
is an incomplete one, but is a copy of the year 1662 A.D.
Besides these, there is a copy of Sangrahan: Sūtra of the 18th Century. There is a cloth embroidered with lead beads illustrating the 16 objects of dream seen by the mother of the Tirthankara. Besides this, there are nineteen beautiful

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Grantha Bhandans of Ajmer Division.
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pictures. In the first picture, the parala of Swarga and Viman have been depicted In the second picture, the Universe has been compared with the Loka Puruşa There is a Nandiswara Dwipa in the third picture. In the fourth plate, there are pictures of Tirthankaras. The seven graphas have been depicted in the fifth picture. In the sixth picture, the dreadful horrors of the hell have been shown. In the seventh plate, the army of India has been illustrated. In the 8th picture, there are eight different figures of the Yaksas. There are pictures of the Jambudwipa, Lavana Samudra, Indra Sabhá, birth ceremony celebrated by Indra, the condition of man at the time of intense thirst, hunger and separation and the Vimānas of the Heaven. In the last Şata Leśyas have been compared with a mango tree. There are six complexions of the worldly soul as Krišna, Nila, Kapota, Pita, Padma and Sukla The Kriśna Lesya, the waist complexion has been explained by falling down the whole mango tree for eating the mangoes while the Sukia Lesyâ, the best complexion has been illustrated hy eating only fallen mangoes of the tree
(10) PĀRSWANĀTHA DIGAMBAR JAINA SARASWATI BHAWAN
Pärswanatha Digambara Jaina Saraswati Bhawan is situated in the Pārswanátha Digambara Jaina Temple. It is very famous temple in the city and was constructed in Samwat 1805 (1748 A D.) and in the same year the Saraswati Bhawan was established. The Saraswati Bhawan contains 558 manuscripts including the Gutakās. The collection contains manuscripts of 17th and 18th century in good number. The manuscripts of samskrit language are more numcious. The next come the Prākrit and Apabhraṁsa works. All the manuscripts are on papci Manuscripts are mostly on the subject like Purâna, Kathā and religious topics Nalodaya Kāvya composed by Mānikyasuri is the earliest manuscript. It was copied in Saswat 1445 (1388 A. D). The manuscript of Deśalaksana Půjā copied in Saṁwat 1937 (1880 A D.) is the latest one. There are threc manuscripts which are worth mentioning -
(1) PRATISȚHĀPATHA.- It is a Samskrit work composed by Asadhara a great scholar of 13th Century. This work was written on cloth in saṁwat 1516 1. e. 1459 A.D. This is the earliest manuscript so far found on cloth in the Sastra Bhandārs of the Jaipur City. Thongh the manuscript was written 500 years back, yet the condition of cloth is still good The measurement of the manuscript is 101'x10".
(2) YASODHAR CARITA.This is an illustrated manuscript copied in Sanwat 1800 (1743 A.D.) The manuscript contains 30 illustrations based on The story of the work. All the pictures are coloured, representing Indian art.

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Faina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
(3) AJITNATH PURANA.-This is an Apabhramsa work written by Vijaysingh. It was composed in Samwat 1505 (1458 A.D.) This is only the Apabhraṁśa manuscript so far found in this Sastra Bhandar. It deals with the life of Ajitnatha, the second Tirthankara. The manuscript is a rare one.
(II) SASTRA BHANDAR OF GODHA TEMPLE.
There are 616 manuscripts and 102 Gutakās in the Sastra Bhandar of Godha temple, which was constructed towards the end of the 18th Century. The manuscripts were brought from several places and housed in this Sastra Bhandar
The subjects of the manuscripts pertain to Purana, Catita, Stories, Pūjā and Stotra and the languages in which the manuscripts are written are Samskrit and Hindi
The
Most of the manuscripts are of the 17th, 18th and 19th Century earliest manuscript is VRIHAT KATHA KOSA written by Srutasägar, in samskrit. This book was copied in Samwat 1586 1 c. 1529 A.D and presented to Manḍalācārya Dharmakirti The latest manuscript is 1INALOKA PUJA in Hindi which was copied in Samwat 1993 (1936 A.D) It is a voluminous work and contains 978 pages This shows that there is still the custom among the Jainas to place the manuscripts in the Sastra Bhandārs.
Some of the important manuscripts are as follows ---
(1) VIMAL ANATHA PURANA:-by Arunamani composed in Samwat 3674 1c 1617 AD in Samskrit It describes the life of Vimalanatha-13th Jaina Tirthankata. The manuscript is of samwat 1696 (1639 A.D.)
(2) HOLIKA CAUPAI -composed by Dungaia Kavi in samwat 1629 (1572 AD) in Hindi. It narrates the story of Hohkä according to the Jaina taith. There are 85 Padyas in the work. The last two stanzas of the work are as follows
919248 gŒÂ192 91, as afz gfaur gfaars ›
नयर सिकदराबाद गुणकरि अगाध, याचकमन्डल श्री विमामात्र ||६४ ||
नामु
सीस गर मनि रली, मध्यू चरित्र गुरू सामली ।
जो नर नारी सुगामइ सदा, तिह घर लीहुइ सपदा ॥८५॥
(3) PANCA KALYĀṆAKAPĀṬHA:-It was composed by Har Cand in Hindi poetry in the year 1773 A.D. It describes the five ceremonies of a Tirthankara celebrated by the Gods. It contains 117 stanzas.

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Grantha Bhandārs of Ajmer Division,
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(4) SUNDARA SRANGĀRA:- It is a work of Sundara Kavi composed in Sarhwat 1688 (1631 AD). It is a Laksana work which contains 374 stanzas. It is collected inaGutaka No.25.
(5) BIHARI SATASAI:-This is Brajbhāsa commentary written by some Krisna poet in samvat 1780 (1723 A D.) at Agra, on Bihari Satasai. In the end of the commentary the writer gave his full description The manuscript was copied in Jaipur in Samwat 1790 (1733 A.D.) The peculiarity of this commentery is that it is in both prose and Poetry. First of all the writer gives the sense of the original Dohās in Hindi piose and then he narrates the same in poem also The commentary of the first Doha is as follows:
मेरी भव बाधा हरो, राधा नागरी सोइ । जा तन की झाई परे, स्याम हरित दुति होइ ।।
Commentary in Hindi prose
यह मगलाचरण है तहां श्री राधा जू की स्तुति ग्रन्थ कर्ता कवि करत है, तहां राधा और दुई याते जा तन की झाई परे स्पाम हरित दुति होद या पद ते श्री वपमान मुता की प्रतीति भई।
Translation in Hindi poetry.-कवित्त
जांकी प्रभा अवलोकत ही, तिहु लोक को मुन्दरता गई वारी । कृष्ण कहै मरसी रूहै नननि, नामु महामुद मगलकाग ।। जा तन की झलक झलकै हरित थुति, म्याम की होत निहारो । श्री वृषभान कुमारी कृपा के, सुराधा हरो भव बाधा हमारी ।।
(12) SĀSTRA BHANDĀR OF JAINA TEMPLE SANGHUI
The temple of Sanghiji is also a famous one of the city it is situated is Modik hānā Caukari near Mahaviră park The temple was constructed by Su Jhuntha Ram Sanghi, who was Dewan (Minister) of the Jaipur state during the reign of Måhårájā Jaisingh III (1818 to 1835) The Grantha Bhandar of this ten.ple contains 979 manuscripts.
Most of the manuscripts pertain to 18th and 19th century. There are several manuscripts which were written even in 20th century and the latest manuscript written in this century is Namokar Kalpa of Sanwat 1955 (1938 AD) in Hindt and the earliest manuscript is PANCĀSTI-KAYA PRABHRITA of Acarya Kunda Kunda in Prakrit The manuscript is ol samwat 1487 (1430 AD)

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Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
The manuscripts are on common subjects like Poja, Stotra, Purana and Story etc. There is an illustrated manuscript of MADHU MALTI KATHA written by Catura Bhuja Kavi in 17th century. The number of illustrations is 15. These are coloured paintings representing Rajasthani art, but they are in a very toro condition,
The other work is HAMMIRA RASO, which was composed by Kavi Mahesa of 17th Century. It is a poem describing briefly the life of Raja Hammira of Ranthambhore.
(13) SASTRA BHANDAR OF DIGAMBER JAINA TEMPLE, LASAKAR
There is a good collection of manuscripts in the Dig Jain Temple Lasakar, situated in the Bordi Kā Rastā, Jaipur. The Grantha Bhandár remained the centre of Sri Kesart Singh, a scholar of 19th century who took great interest in the collection of the manuscripts. The total number of the manuscripts is 828. Following manuscripts are important one
1 Commentary on Pramananaya Tatvilokālankār of Ratna Prabhacharya
1499 A. D. 2. Sap'a Padarih Vritt
1484 A D 3. Pancāstikāya with commentary
Amrita Candra 1516 A. D. 4. Ātma Prabodha
Kumar Kavi 1515 A. D. 5 Āpta Pariksa
Vidyanandi
1578 A D. 6 Commentary on Ratna Karanda Srāvakāciia Prabhācandra 1576 A. D. 7. Padma Carita lippņ.
Sri Cand Muni 1454 A. D) 8 Adiwar Phāga
Bhatjárak Gyên Bhūsana 1530 A 1). 9 Santi Puran
Pandit Asaga 1534 A D 10. Malaya Sundri Katha
Jaya Tilak Surt 1463 A D
(14) GRANTHA BHANDAR OF NAYA MANDIR.
The Grantha Bhandār is situated in the Jana Temple of Bairathiyān in the Moti Singh Bhomiya ka Rästä. As the temple has been newly constructed, it is also called by the name of Naya Mandir, There are 150 manuscripts in the Sastra Bhandar. The earliest manuscript in the Grantha Bhandar is Candraprabha Caritra composed by Vira Nandi in Sariskrit. The manuscript was copied in the year 1467 AD There are manuscripts of Reşimandal Stotra, Risimandal Pina, Nirvan. Kand's
sd Aplānhuka Jayamal which are written in golden ink and their borders are artisexcally designed and embroidered. These manuscripts are remarkable for border decoration representing various kinds of floral designs and geometrical patterns. Beautiful illustrations of creeperr have also beon given,

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Grantha Bhandårs of Ajmer Division.
(59
(15) GRANTHA BHANDAR OF CODHARIYAN KĀ MANDIR
There are only 108 manuscripts in the Sāstra Bhandār of this temple which is situated in the Chajūlal Sāh ki Gali, Caukari Modi Khână. Out of these 75 manuscripts are written in Hindi and the rest are in Sanskrit. The collection is not of much consequence.
(16) SASTRA BHANDAR of KĀLĀ CHĀBARĀ JAINA TEMPLE
There are 410 manuscripts in the Sāstra Bhandar of Kala Chūbarā Jaina temple. The manuscripts are mainly on the subjects like religion, Purāna Kathā, Pūja and Stotra. The Gutakās which are 106 in number contain good collection of Hindi works written by Jaina and non-Jaina authors. The manuscripts are generally of 18th and 19th century,
(17) SĀSTRA BHANDĀR OF MEGHARÁTAJI TEMPLE
There is a small collection of 249 manuscripts in the Sāstra Bhandar of Jaina temple of Megharājaji. The manuscripts deal with the subjects like Pūjā, Purāna and stotra. The Bhandar is systematically arranged and an incomplete catalogue is also available in the Sästra Bhandār.
(18) SARASWATT BHAWAN OF YASODĀNANDA JAINA TEMPLE
This temple was constructed by Sri Yasodānanda, a Jaina Saint in Saṁwat 1848 (1791 A.D) and at the same time a Sastra Bhandar was also established in the temple. The total number of the manuscripts and Guțakās is 353 and 45 respectively. The collection is an ordinary one and on the subjects like Pūjā, Stotra, Purāna, but Patļāvalis of the Emperors of Delhi and Hindi songs written in the piase of Bhattārakas Dharma Kirti are of worth mention.
(19) SĀSTRA BHANDĀR-SIKAR
Sikar is a district Head quarter at present. It is a good city of the Western Railway on Jaipur Lohārū Branch. There are five Jaina temples in the city which possess some manuscripts but in the Jaina temple called Bada Mandı ot Bisapanthi, there is a good collection of the manuscripts The total number of the manuscripts is 532, which are on paper. Manuscripts are written in Saṁskrit Prakrit, and Hindi. The number of Hindi manuscripts is also a large one. Pandit Mahacandra who was a good scholar of 19th century, collected various manuscripts for the Grantha Bbandar.

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Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
The Grantha Bhandar is in good condition and systematically arranged. The manuscript are placed in the Vesthanas. One rough catalogue of the manuscripts is also available in the Sastra Bhandar. There is no rare manuscript.
(20) GRANTHA BHANDARS OF ALWAR
Alwar was the Matsya Deśa, the kingdom of Raja Virața of the Mahabharat m the past. There is still a town called Macheri in this State which is a corruption of Matsya. It is why that the first Union of Rajasthan States of Alwar, Bharatpur, Dholpur and Karauli was given the name of Matsya. The Alwar state formerly appertained to the territory of Jaipur, but in the 19th century it was recognised as a separate State and Pratapsingh was the first ruler. It is in the centre, between Jarpur and Delhi.
Alwar remained a centre of Jainas for a long time There are nine Jaina temples in the City, out of which following temples have the collection of the manuscripts The number of the manuscript in each temple is as follows:--
No. of Manuscripts
60
(1) Temple of Chajurämps
(2) Jaina temple of Sabji Sahib
(3) Bartalla Jaina temple
(4) Jain temple Nasian
(5) Naya Bazar Jaina temple
(6) Khandelwal Jana Pancayati Mandir
(7) Agarwal Pancayati Mandir
40
41
42
39
211
186
Thus the total number of the manuscripts is 619 in the seven Bhandārs of the City, Most of the manuscripts are in Samskrit and Hindi and were written in 18th and 19th century.
There are two manuscripts TATTWÄRTH SUTRA and BHAKTĀMARA STOTRA written in golden ink. There is also a manuscript namely AMRITASAGARA which was composed under the patronage of Mähäräja Pratapsingh. It is on Indian Medicines (Ayurveda) having 25 Tarangas and written in Hindi. Mahārājā Pratap Singh was the ruler of Jaipur State from the year 1778 to 1803. The manuscript was copied in the year 1791 A D.

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Grantha Bhandars of Ajmer Division.
(21) SASTRA BHANDAR OF DŪNI
Dūņi is a town situated on the left side of the road from Jaipur to Deoli It is twelve miles from Tonk and six miles from Deoli. There is a Jaina temple which contains a small collection of the manuscripts numbering 143 only. According to an inscription engraved on the inner wall of the temple, it was constructed in Samwat 1585 1. e. in the year 1528 A. D. The Grantha Bhandar of this temple was also established at the same time. The earliest manuscript is Jinadatia Katha in Samskrit which was copied in Samwat 1500 (1443 A.D.). Most of the manuscripts are in Hindi in which works of Vidya Sagar such as, (1) SOLAHA SWAPNA" (2) "JINA JANMA MAHOTSAVA", (3) "SAPTA VYASANA SAVAIYĀ". (4) "VISĀPHĀRACHAPPAYA" etc are important. The JHULNA" of Tanů Sah in Hindi 15 also a rare work written in various metres and deals with on several topics. "RAJŪL KĀ BĀRAHAMĀSĀ" of Ganga Kavi is a rare work. Ganga Kavi was a Jaina poet and his full name was Gangadāsa. He was the son of Parwata Dharmarthi who was also a Hindi scholar. The work describes the various kinds of hardships sustained by Rajula in the twelve months
SASTRA BHANDĀRS OF TODĀRĀISINGH
Toda aisingh which was famous by the name of Taksaka Garha2, remained famous literary centre for a long time It is said to have been founded by the Nagas. In the 15th century it was under the Sisodiva Rajputs of Udaipur, but after the defeat of Rănă Sangrama Singh they became independent and under the rule of Akbar this whole province passed under him
From the old ruins it seems to be a very ancient town temple which was built by Guhil kings in the 10th century
१
1 61
मुखकर सुन्दर मूलसघ गछ सम्मति जागो ।
बलात्कार गरण सार सूरी श्रमगंज वखारो || नम पट्टे शुभद्र हवा गछ नायक गुण धारक |
तस गुरू भ्राता ब्रह्मचारि श्री विद्यासागर || सघपति माधव बचन यो साल स्वपन कविन जे कहै । भो मुणे जे भावसु ते हे लोक सुख लहे ॥ १ ॥
2 Prasasti Sangrah Amet Sastra Bhandar Jaipur page 162
3
thid
There is one Visnu The town is beautifully

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62)
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan
surrounded by the walls. It is a city of tanks. The relation with the Jaina religion remained from an old period. From an inscription of Vijolā dated 1169 A.D. it appears that Vasravan, the fore fathers of Lallak constructed a Jaina temple in Todāpatanna. The town remamed the literary centre from the very beginning. Solanki kings were very kind to Jaias so they also helped them in the enrichment of the literature,
Pravacanasāra' was written in the year 1440 by Narsingh pupil of Madana Deva who was the brother of Acărya Subhacandra. The manuscript of Adipurāņam was copied in the year 1480 in the Parswanātha temple.
Under the rule of Rāmcandra Rao, this town remained the main centre of literary activities as he was himself a lover of literature and art. Several manuscripts were written in his time. Some of the manuscripts written in his time are as follows:
(1) In Samwat 1612 (1555 A.D.) manuscript of Uräshadhyayana' was copied
(2) Näga Kumār Carita' of Puspadanta was copied 11 Samwat 1612 (1555 A.D) (3) Yasodhară Carita was written in Adinatha temple in the same year ie.
1555 AD
(4) Yasodhară Carita' was copied in Sunwat 1610 in the Adinātha Jaina
temple and presented to Bhattáraka Lalit Kati At this time Salim Süb Sūri was the emperor of Delhi.
(5) Näga Kumar Carita' was copied in Sarwat 1603 (1546 A.D.)
(6) Jambu Swami Carital of Vir Kavi in Apabhraíía was copied in Samwat
1600 (1543 AD) and 1601 (1544 AD) and hoth were presented to Mandalācārya Dharmacandra
1
Vit Vani Vol
2
Rajasthan ke Jaina Sastra Bhandirea di Grantha Suci, part II, page 208.
?
Amer Såstia Bhandal, Jaipur.
4
Ihid
S
Pracast Sangrah, Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipurp 162 Ibid . 163
6
7
Ratosthan ke Jaina Sastra Bhandáron ki Grantha Süct, Part 11 page 247.
8. Sastra Bhandar of Tholiya Jain temple Jaipur

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Grantha Bhandārs of Ajmer Division.
163
After Rāma Candra Rão, Kalyān Singh became the ruler. Under his rule also several manuscripts were written. The manuscript of Dharmopadeśa śrävakācāra' and Jasahar Cariya2 were written in the year 1558 and 1557 A.D. respectively. In the time of Jagannātha Rão also Todárāisingh remained the centre by literary activity. Adinătha Purana of Puspadanta was copied by Sah Nānů and presented to Bhattāraka Davendra Kirti in Samwat 1664 (1607 A.D.). In Samwat 1708 (1651 A.D) Khinvası of Todāraisingh presented the Padmapuran of Ravişenācārya to Pandit Harsa Kalyāna.
(22 & 23) GRANTHA BHANDĀRS OF ADINĀTHA & PĀRSWANATHA JAINA TEMPLES
There are at present two Grantha Bhandārs. One Bhandar is situated in the Ādınātha Jain temple, while the other one is in Pärswanātha temple. The Sastra Bhandar of Adinātha temple contains 246 manuscripts and the Sastra Bhandāı of Pārswanātha temple has 105 manuscripts. Most of the manuscripts are such as are used for the daily Swādhyāyā. The number of Hindi manuscripts are more than the manuscripts of any other language. Some of the important manuscripts are as follows -
i
Caturvidha Dāna Kavitta by Gyan Ságar of 18th century.
2
Nemiśwār Phāga by Vidyanandi composed in Samsat 1640 (1583 A D). The work consists of 766 stanzas
3.
The manuscript is dated
Triloka Sūra Tikā by Madhava Candra Trivaidya Samwat 1500 (1443 AD)
Pravacana Sāra Tika by Prabhā, Candra the manuscript is dated samwat 1605 (1548 A.D.). The earliest manuscript is Caturvinsatı Stavan' which was written in Saṁwat 1449 (1392 A.D)
1 Šāstra Bhandar of Jain temple Bädhi cand 2. Amer Śástia Bhandăr, Jaipur 3. Ibid.
4. Jain Såstra Bhandar of Adinatha tempic of Toda asingh.
5. मध्यदेशस्थ सकाशद्र गनिवासि देवर्षिसुतः सर्वदेवस्तस्यात्मजेन शोमनमुनिना विहिता
इमाश्चतुर्विशंतिजिनस्तुतयः तदग्रजपंडितधनपालविहिता विवरणानुसारेण चेयमवरिणमहायमकखंडनरूपारण तासां स्तुतीना लेशतो लेखि । संवत् १४८३ वर्षे माश्विनमामे af XI

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Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.'
(24) ŚĀSTRA BHANDĀR OF FATEHPUR (SHEKHĀWĀTI)
Fatehpur is a beautiful city in Sikar District of Rajasthān. It is now a Railway station on the Sikar-Cūru Branch of the Western Railway. Fatehpur remained the literary seat of Jainas From the very beginning Jainas played an important role in the development of literature. The Agarwala Jaina temple of Fatehpur was the centre of Bhattārakas who used to visit this place from time to time and took initiative in the management of the temples. These Bhattărakas used to collect the manuscripts and placed them in the Bhandars. There is a collection of about 400 manuscripts at present in the Bhandar. These manuscripts are of later centuries .e 18th and 19th century. Most of the manuscripts were either written here or got written from else where and presented to this Bhandar by the lainas of this city In this respect Pandit Jiwan Rām's contribution is marvellous. He wrote a Gutakā which contains the matter of at least one lakh slokas. Except this, Triloka Sára Bhāṣā (1746 A.D) Harivansa Purana (1767 A. D). Mahavira Purana (1353 AD), Samayasar Nățak (1836 A.D) Gyanārnava of Subha Candra (1831 A. D.) and several others were copied here and are preserved in this Bhandar.
The Gutakā as stated above is th biggest Guțakä, in material ever found any of the Bhandars. It mainly deals with Ayurveda and Jhotisa. It contains 1228 pages. This was written in Cūru by Sir Jiwan Rāma from the year 1838 to 1860 AD. and was completed in Fatehpur City in the year 1860 A.D.
There is another manuscript Namokāra Mahatmya kathā, which contains 689 pages of size 13" x 7". The manuscript was got written by Hirālāl Sohanlal, Delhi and presented to this Grantha Bhandār in the year 1922 AD. It is fully illustrated and contains 76 illustrations on the various happenings in the life of the great persons of Jaina Mythology,
JAINA SASTRA BHANDĀRS-DAUSĀ
Dausã was an old capital of Kachhāwā Rājputs and one of the most ancient cities of Rājasthan. It was famous by the name Devagiri. But now a days it is a good town on Jaipur-Bharatpur Road There are two Jaina temples and both the temples have Šāstra Bhandars in them.
(25). SĀSTRA BHANDĀR OF BISPANTHI MANDIR
There is an inscription at the back side of the main Vedi according to which this temple was constructed in Samvat 1701 (1644 A.D.) but as per oldness of the city and the temple itself. It seems that in that year it was reconstructed, The Šāstra Bhandār of this temple is a small one. It contains only 177 manuscripts

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Grantha Bhandars of Ajmer Division.
(65
including the Gutakás, Most of the manuscripts are of Hindi works. These manus. cripts are of 17th to 19th century. Some of the manuscripts are important and they can be used at the time of their editing. The manuscripts of Vilhan Sasikalā Prabandha is a good work of 17th century. It is with Hindi commentary by the poet Saranga. The work runs both in Sanskrit and Hindi.
(26) SASTRA BHANDĀR OF TERĀPANTHI MANDIR DAUSĀ
There is also a small Šāstra Bhandār containing 150 manuscripts written on paper. Out of which most of the manuscripts are written in Hindi. But there is a good number of Apabhraíśa manuscripts which were copied in 17th and 18th century. This shows that there was a general love and system of reading the Apabhramsa works upto 18th century. The manuscript of Caturdaśa Gunasthän Carca is a rare one. It was written by Akhayarāj in Hindi prose.
(27) & (28) SASTRA BHANDĀRS OF BASWĀ
L'aswa is an old town and tehsil headquarter of Jaipur District in Rajasthān. It was the birth place of several scholars of Hindi literature and specially of Seth Amar Cand Bilālā for whom it is stated that he constructed the Jaina temple of Sri Mahāvīraji. Jaina poet Daulat Rāma Kāslīwāli (18th century) a famous story and Purāna writer was born in Baswa and his father Ananda Rāma also lived there. In the 18th and 19th century Baswă remained a centre of these scholars. There are several manuscripts in the Jaina Bhandārs of Jaipur city which were copied in Baswā and brought from there to the Jaipur City Bhandärs
These manuscripts belong to the period from 1733 to 1835 1.e. for about one century during which the town was a centre of literary Activities. Caubīsagunasthāna Carcāwas copied in Samvat 1832 (1775 A.D.). Mülacāra Pradipa, Pāndava Puriņa, Rasik Priya', were copied in Samvat 1820, 1792 and 1733 respectively. There is still a collection of the manuscripts in two Jaina temples which throws some light on its bright past. Both the Terapanthi and Pancāyati temples contain Šāstra Bhandärs one in each temple. The Terapanthi temple is very old and according 10 the inscription found in the temple it was constructed in the 16th century. The
1 & 2
Manuscript preserved in Sastra Bhanda Raswa Rojasthan he laina Sastra Bhåndáron hi Grantha So.1 part II), p. 166 Ibid.
p 223 Ibu!
p 251
4 5

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66
)
Jaipa Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
Teräpanthi Sect came into existence in the year 1626 A.D. according to Mithyatva Khandan Nätak' of Bakhat Rama.
The Pancāyati Mandir is also an old temple and important from the point of art and architecture. There is a Jaina idol of a very big size of the 12th century, which also shows that the temple was constructed in very early times. There is a small Grantha Bhandar which shows that sometime ago there was a very good collection of the manuscripts. The manuscripts were written between 15th to 18th century The earliest dated manuscript is Samayasăra Vritti which was copied in Saṁwat 1440 (1383 A D.). Works of Hindi and Präkrit are in majority in the Sastra Bhandar. The following are the important manuscripts:
(1) KALPASUTRA --The manuscriptis illustrated and written in golden ink. It
has 39 paintings on the life of Lord Mahavirā. The various expressions depicted in them are very good. The manuscript was copied in the year 1479 A.D.
(2) KALPASUTRA :--This is another manuscripts which is also well illustrated. It
contains 42 paintings which are evidences of good art. The manuscript is dated Sanwat 1528 (1471 A.D)
(3) PADMANANDI MAHĀKAVYA TIKĀ This is a commentary written by Kav
Prahalāda in Sanskrit on the original work Padamandı Pancavinsati. The commentary is a rare one.
(4) MALAYASUNDARI CARITRA by Jayulak Suri in saṁskrit. The manuscript
was copied in Sawat 1490 (1423 AD).
(5) ABHAYA KUMAR PRABANDHA CAUPAL -written in Hindi in Samwat 1685
(1628 A.D). The work is also a rare one. It describes the life of Abhaya Kumār
(29) SASTRA BHANDĀR-MOZAMABAD
In 17th century Mozamåbåda was a centre of Jaina literary activities It is an old town which seems to be later on renamed as Mozamābāda. In the yeas
1. Amer Sastra Bhandar Jaipur 2 सवत् १४४० वर्षे चैत्र सुदो १० सोमवासरे पद्य योगिनीपूरे पैरोजसाहिराज्यप्रवर्तमाने
श्री देवसेन श्रीविमलसेन श्रीधर्मसेन सहस्त्रकीतिदेवाः तत्र जजिनगरे श्रीश्रीष्टिकुलान्वये गर्गगोत्री मा धना .... तेन समयसार ब्रह्मदेव टीकाकर्ता मूलकर्ता श्रीकुन्दकुन्दाचार्यदेव. विरचित लिखाप्य सहस्त्रकीतिमाचार्य प्रदत्त' ।

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Grantha Bhandars of Ajmer Division.
( 67
1607 A.D. one grand Jaina Prapisthā ceremony was celebrated which was conducted by Sri Nāna Godba who was the Minister of Rājā Mansingh of Jaipur. Only four year's before this ceremony Chitar Tholia a Hindi writer completed his work 'Holi li Katha' in saṁwat 1660 (1603 A.D.) and described the town as follows:
सौलासे साठे शुभवर्षे फालगुण शुक्ल पूर्णिमा हर्ष । सौहे मोजाबाद निवास, पूजे मन की सगली पास ।। सोहे राजा मान को राज, जिहि बोधि पूरब लग पाज । सुखि सवै नगर मे लोग, दान पुण्य जाणे सउ भोग ।।
--Prasasti Sangrah p. 231
In the year 1538, Bhavisyadatta Carita of Dhanpål Kavi was written in this town and at present this manuscript is housed in the Šāstra Bhandär of Amer, Srāvakācār of Vasunandı which was written in Saṁwat 1630 (1573 A.D.) is preserved in the Grantha Bhandar of temple Badhīcand. In the year 1589 A.D. Ādināthapurāņa of the Apabhramsa language was copied in the Adinātha temple.
Saswat 1660 (1603 A. D.) was specially marked for literary activity. Yasodhara Caritra' of Sakal Kirti and of Gyāna Kirti2 were copied in this year and were placed in various Bhandārs of Rajasthan,
The Sastra Bhandar is a part of the temple which is situated in the centre of the town. The manuscripts are placed in two Almirahs and their total number is 368. The condition of the Sastra Bhandar is not satisfactory, Several manuscripts have been destroyed due to the carelessness of the management. They have not been placed even in Vesthans so the dust and climate have attacked them frequently.
There are two copies of Jasahara Cariya of Puşpadanta fully illustrated. No where these illustrated manuscripts in Apabhraíśa language have been found. As such these are rare manuscripts. Out of these one is complele and other is incomplete. These were copied in 16th century. The paintings are very fine. The earliest dated manuscript is of the 15th century. The manuscripts of Pravacansära of Kunda Kunda Acārya, (ii) Jinendra Vyakarana (111) Şațkarmopdeśa Ratnamálă of Amarkirti (iv) Trişaşțismrati Sastra by Āsādhar (v) Yogasära by Amitigatı (vi) Tattwärtha Sutra Tippani by Yogadeva (vii) Adipurāna Tippana by Prabhācandra are important.
1. Rajasthan ke Śästra Bhandaron ki Grantha Suct, Part III.
2. Pra astı Sangrah of Amer Sastră Bhandar, Jaipur. page. 281

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68 )
Jaina Graniha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
There is also one manuscript of Kriśna Rukamani veli written by Prithivi Raj with the commentary of Lakhā cāraṇa. This is a rare manuscript.
(30) JAINA GYĀNA BHANDĀR OF JHUNJHUNU
The collection in the Jaina Sastra Bhandar Jhunjhunu is not a large one. The total number of the manuscripts is 310 It possesses Hindi manuscripts more than those in other languages. The names of there manuscripts may be mentioned below.--
|
Abhaya Kumār Caupai by Yug Pradhan Jin Candra Sûri.
2
Panca Sandhi by Hemia) in Hindi poem
3
Hansräja Vacharāja Caupai by Tikam Cand.
(31) JAINA SĀSTRA BHANDĀR, RĀJAMAHAL
Rajamahal is a town in Tonk District of Rajasthan It is about 80 miles from Jajpur and 20 miles from Tonk in the north. The River Banás takes a beautiful turn here and the place is a beauty sport in the rainy season It was the centre of literary activities for about 300 years in the manuscript of Hauvansa Puran' of Brahma Jinadasa copied here in Samvat 1661, Raja Mansingh of Amer has been described as the Ruler of this town There is a Sastra Bhandar in the Jaina temple which possesses a collection of 255 manuscripts including Gutakas Manuscripts of Dhanvi Kumār Caritra of Sakal Kirti. Pārsvapuräna of Bhudhardasa, Srenika Carita. Kriya Kosa and Harivansa Purana were copied in this town from the year 1822 to 1836 A D. The collection is though on the various subjects and mainly in Hindi and Sanskrit lunguages. Some of the important manuscripts are as follows.
KARAKANDUNO RĀSA) :-hy Brahma Jinadasa in Hindi
cript of 15th century
This is a rare manus
1 Manuscript Catalogue Preserved in Abhaya Jamna Granthälaya Bikaner
2
Amer Sustin Bhandar laipur
3
श्री मकल कीरति गुरु प्रणामोनो मूनी भवनकीरति अवतार । गम कीयो मेरु बडो, ब्रह्म जिनदाम कहे सार ।। पढे गुगे जेह मामले, मनधर अविचल भाव । मनवारिद्रत फल ते लहे, पामे सिवपुरी ठाम ।।
Contd.

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Grantha Bhandars of Ajmer Division.
| 69
(2) PRASNOTTAR SRAVAKĀCĀRA :- by Sakal Kirti in Sarhskrit. This is an old manuscript and was copied in Samvat 1597 (1540 A.D.)
(3) HOLI KATHA :- by Muni Subha Candra. It was composed in the year 1697 A.D. It is also a rare work and has not been found so far in any of the other Bhandars of Rajasthan.
(4) INDRIYA_NĀTAK :- by Trilok Patni. This is a drama in Hindi. This work is also a rare one. The drama was completed at Kekari (Ajmer) in the year 1898.
Continued from page. 68
1.
2
धनद नाम गोवालिया, एक कमले करी चग | पूज्या जिनवर मन रली, फल पाम्यो उत्त ग ।।
एह कथा रस साभली, भवीयरण सयल सुजाण । पूजा जिनवर मन रली, प्रष्ट प्रकारे गुरण मारण || एक कमल फल वस्तरयो, स्वर्ग मूगती लगे चग । अनुदिन जेह जीन पूछे तेह न फले उत्त ग ॥ सासो धरम सोहमरणो, थोडी कीजे महत । as बीज जिम रूबडो, फली दीसे इति करकण्डु मुनीरास,
अनंत || पूजा फल समाप्त ॥
स्वस्ति सवत् १५६७ वर्षे द्वितीय चैत्रमासे शुक्लपक्षे द्वितीयादिने रविवासरे "मुमुक्षुणा सुमतिकीर्तिना कर्मक्षयार्थ श्रावकाचार ग्रन्थो लिखित ग्रन्थ संख्या २८८० ।
मुनि शुभचद करी या कथा, धर्मप्रेष्यमे छी जथा ।
होली कथा सुने जो कोइ, मुक्ति तथा सुख पावे सोय ।। १२५ ।। सबत सतरासे परि जोई, वर्ष पचावन अधिका और ।
साक गरिए सौला बीस, चेत सुदि सात कहीस ।। १२६ ।।
सा दिन कथा सपूरण मइ, एकसौतीस चोपई भई ।
सेस दिन में जोडी बात, पून्यू दिसा कुसला ॥१२७॥
3. उगरणीसे पचपन विषै नाटक भयो प्रमान |
गाव केकेडी धन्य जहां, रहे सदा मतिमान ||

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JAINA SASTRA BHANDARS, MĀLPURĀ
Malpura is an old town in Rajasthan. According to the description available in the Gutakas collected in Sastra Bhandar of Jaina temple, Patodi, Mälpurā was founded in Samwat 1619 (1562 A.D). The other name of the town is Dravyapur. It remained the main centre of the Jaina literature from its very beginning. There are 8 temples in the town. Out of which 4 temples have collections of manuscripts. The earliest manusɔript was copied in Malpura in Samwat 1631 (1574 A.D). This is Vaddhaman Cariya of Jaymitra Hala copied by Kamal Kirti for his own study. The other manuscripts which were copied here belong to the year 1576, 1588 1592, 1652, 1829, 1803, 1812, 1783 A D. and hundreds of others which are in the various Sastra Bhandars of Rajasthan
(32) JAINA GRANTHA BHANDAR CAUDHRIYAN TEMPLE--MĀLPURĀ
There is
All the
a small collection of manuscripts numbering 50. manuscripts are on paper The condition of the manuscripts is not good. There is a copy of BIHARI SATSAI which contains 735 stanzas The manuscript of Parswanath Raso1, composed by Brahma Kapoor Cand also forms part of the collection This was composed in Samwat 1597 (1540 A D.) The work is a rare one and has not hcen published so far It deals with the life of Pärswanatha
(33) GRANTHA BHANDAR OF ĀDINĀTH TEMPLE-MĀLPURĀ
There is also a small collection of manuscripts which contains booKS meant only for daily reading. The Grantha Bhandar is quite in disorder and in bad condition Among the rare manuscripts one is Ksetrapala Vinti. by Muni Subha candra and the other is Hindi Padas by Harsa Kirti which are copied in a gutakā
number 3
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
1
Puja Patha Sangiaha preserved in the Grantha Bhandar Malpura
2. Amer Sastra Bhandar Prasasti Sangrah, page 130.
ara am fafa ag qfza aqesitas, stai cıa fafa oftfa maz i
गीत पहली गाय जो राय क्षेत्रपाल को,
3
4.
मुनि सुमचद गायो गीत, भैरूलाल को ॥। ११॥

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Grantha Bhandars of Ajmer Division.
1 71
(34) SASTRA BHANDAR OF TERAPANTHI TEMPLE-MĀLPURĂ.
There is here a collection of 74 manuscripts. It is an ordinary collection. There is no rare manuscript here but old copies of some manuscripts are in the collection.
(35) JAIN SASTRA BHANDĀR-BHĀDWA
Bhadwa is a village in Phulera sub-division. The village is 3 miles from the Railway station Bhainslână on the Rewari-Phulera Branch line of West Railway. There is here a small śāstra Bhandar having 130 manuscripts and 20 Gutakas. Though there is no rare manuscript here, the copies of the following manuscripts are very important
(1) DHARMAVILĀSA :-by Dyānata Rāya in Hindi (18th Century)
(2) Hindi Translation of RATNA KARANDA ŚRĀVAKĀCĀRA by Sadāsukha
Kāsliwāl in Hindi (19th Century)
(3) GYĀNĀRŅVA BHAŞA :-by Labdhi Vijaygani in Hindi (17th Century)
(4) BRAHMAVILĀSA :-by Bhaiya Bhagawatidasa in Hindi (18th Century)
(5) DHARMOPADESA SRĀVKĀCĀRA :-by Dharmadās in Hindi (16th Century)
All the manuscripts are written on paper. There is a good collection of Hindi works in Gutakās such as DOHASATAKA by Rupa Cand and Updeś Pacciśī by Rāmdāsa.
SASTRA BHANDĀRS IN BHARATPUR DISTRICT
The former Bharatpur State and now a district of Rajasthan remained a literary centre for a long time. As this district of the Rajasthan is considered a part of Brija Bhumi so the Hindi works influenced by Brija language (a part of are in good number in the Grantha Bhandārs of this district. There are Jaina Grantha Bhandārs in Bharatpur, Deeg, Kāma, Bayānā, Vair, and Kumher.
Bharatpur City was founded by Surajamal Jāt. It was one of the two Jat states in Rajasthan before its merger. Sruta Sågar a poet of 18th century described Bharatpur in his work Şata Mala Varnan' in the following way:

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72 1
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan
देस काठes बिरज में, वदनस्यघ राजान |
पुत्र
ara है भलो, सूरिजमल गुरधाम । तेजपुञ्ज रवि है मलो, न्याय नीति गुणवान ।
ताको सृजम है जगत में, तपै दूसरा भान ।
तिनह नगर जु वसाइयो, नाम भरतपुर ताम ।
In the 18th and beginning of the 19th century it was literary centre for the Jaina Scholars There is a Jaina manuscript library which contains more than 8 hundred manuscripts There are several manuscripts which were written in the 18th century in Bharatpur and placed in the Sastra Bhandar of the city. Some of the manuscripts which were copied here are Sodaśak arana Jayamala' of Raidhu (1830 AD) Caritra Puja of Sri Bhūšana (1759 A D) Caubis Jinaraj Pūjā (1827 A.D) Sardhadvaya Dvipa Pūjā (1769A.D) Brahma Vilas (1838 A D) Tattwasara (1757 A.D) Subhasita Ratna Sandoha (1770 A D.) and Sidhant Sara Deepak (1766 A D) and many others. All the manuscripts are preserved in the Grantha Bhandars of
Bharatpur.
(36) SASTRA BHANDAR OF PANCAYATI MANDIR
There are two Jaina temples in the city and both have the manuscript libraries in them. The Sastra Bhandar of Pancayati temple has good collection of manuscripts. They are placed in wooden and stone almirahs All the manuscripts are written on paper. The date of the establishment of the Bhandar is not traceable, but it appears that soon after the construction of this temple the manuscripts were also brought from the various towns and villages of the State when the Jainas came to settle down in the city. The 19th century was time of the growth of the Sastra Bhandar as most of the manuscripts were written in that century.
The total number of the manuscripts is 801. and the earliest dated manus. cript is VRIHAT TAPAGACCHA GURAVALI by Muni Sunder Süri copied in Samvat 1490 (1433 AD). Most of the manuscripts are in Hindi language. SAPTA VYASAN KATHA composed by Manik Candra in Samvat 1634 (1577 A.D.) in Apabhramsa language is a rare work as no such work has been found in any other Grantha Bhandar. Apart from this some of the manuscripts which are important, are as follows'
1. Rajasthan Grantha Bhandar Süci, Part III p 145.

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Grantha Bhandais of Ajmer Division.
{ 73
(1) SABHĀ BHOSANA by Gangārāma composed in Sarhvat 1744 (1687 A.D.) in Hindi.
(2) PADASANGRAHA by Harsa Candra in Hindi,
(3) JINADATTA CARITRA BHĀŞA by Viśva Bhuūsana in Hindi.
(4) SUKHA VILĀSA : - by Jodhrāja Kāsliwal in Hindi prose.
The collection of the manuscripts written in Prakrit, Samskrit and Apabhramsa languages are also in good number. This collection is not limited to religious works as manuscripts of common interest are also in the Sastra Bhanḍār. There is a manuscript which deals with the playing of Satranja
There is one illustrated manuscript named BHAKTAMARA STOTRA by Māntung ācārya. It has 51 illustrations very well coloured, Its painting is a speci man of medieval art. It was copied in the year 1769 A.D.
(37) GRANTHA BHANDAR OF JAINA TEMPLE-- PHOZURĀMA
There is another Sastra Bhandar in Jaina temple, Phozurama situated at Kotwali market, This is a newly constructed temple so the collection of the manuscripts is also about 100 years old. There are only 65 manuscripts including Gutakās. All the manuscripts were not earlier thān 150 years ago. The manuscript
1
2
सत्रह सत सवत सरस, चतुर अधिक चालीस ।
कातिक सुदि तिथि अष्टमी, वार सरस रजनीस ।। ६२ ।।
सागानेर सुन मे, रामसिंह नृप राज ।
तहा कविजन बचपन मे, राजति सभा समाज || २३ || गंगाराम तह सरस कवि, कीनो बुधिप्रकास ।
श्री भगवत प्रसाद तै इह सुभ सभा विलास ।। ६४ ।।
सवत् सत्रामं अठतीस, नाम प्रमोदा ब्रह्मावीम |
अगहन बदि पांच रविवार, प्रस्लेखा ऐन्द्र जोग सुधार ||
नर नारी मन देके सुनों, ताको जसु तिलोक में गुनी । यह चरित्र सुनियो मन लाइ, विश्वभूयरण मुनि कहत बनाम ||
3. दौलत सुत कामा वसै,
जोध कासलीवाल । for सुख कारण यह कियो, सुखविलास गुणमाल ॥

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741
Jaina Grantha Bhandārs in Rajasthan.
of commentary on Tattvärtha Sūtra' in Hindi prose is a rare one. This was composed in Vikrama Samvat 1935 (1878 A D.) by Sri Guvarsingh of Kumher.
SĀSTRA BHANDĀRS OF DEEG TOWN
Deeg which is called a city of tountains is 25 miles from Bharatpur City It was an old capital of the Bharatpur Statc. There are three Šāstra Bhandārs, out of which one is in the old Decg and the rest two are in New Doeg.
(38) SASTRA BHANDAR OF PANCAYATI MANDIR--NEW DEEG
There are 81 manuscripts in the collection of this Bhandar Except a few onc all the manuscripts are in Hindi written in 18th and 19th century Bide, the manuscripts on eligion, there are manuscripts on Gram na and Medicine. There is an original manuscript of MALLINĀTHA CARITA translated in Flindi by Sewa Rama Patni who belonged to this city He composed this work in 1793 AD here
(39) SĀSTRA BHANDAR OF BADI PANCĀYATI-DEEG
There was a very old collection of the manuscripts in the Grantha Bhandar of Pancayati Mandir-Deeg but due to the imms-imanagement it fell into a sorry state Even now the manuscripts are not systematically arranged. I also came to known that several manuscripts were taken away by the scholars of the various places and were never returned
At present there are only 56 manuscripts which are complete and the rest are incomplete and in wretched condition. The manuscripts were copied in the 16th 17th and 18th Centuries The earliest dated manuscript is BHAGVATI ĀRĀDHANA which was written in the year 1511 (1454 A.D) in Māndalgarh Except this there also copies of SADĀ DARŠANA SAMUCCAYA of Rajahansa in Sanskrit,
| श्री स्वामी उमास्वामी ग्राचायकृत दणाध्यायी मूलसूत्र की सर्वार्थमिद्धि नामा सस्कृत
टीका ताकी भासा बचनिका त सक्षेप मात्र लेके दीवान बालमु कद के पुत्र गिरिवरसिह वासि कु भेर के ने अपनी तुच्छ बुद्धि के अनुसार मूल सूत्रनि को प्रथं जानिने के लिये
यह वनिका रची और सवत् १६३५ के ज्येष्ठ सुदि २ रविवार के दिन सपूर्ण कोनो । 2 सवत् १५११ वर्षे वंशाग्य बदि ७ गुरू पक्षे पुष्यनक्षत्रे सकलराजि-शिरोमुकट माणिक्य
मरीचिये धारिकृत-चरणकमणपादपीठस्य श्रीराणाकू भकर्णमकलसाम्राज्यधु रा विभ्राणस्य समये श्रीमडलगढशुभस्थाने प्रादिनाथ-चैत्यालये।

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Grantha Bhandārs of Ajmer Division,
175
BHAAVISYADATTA CARIYU by Sridhar in Apabhramsa, ĀTMĀNUSĀŞANA of Gunabhadra and JAMBU SWAMI CARITA by Sakal Kirti in Samskrit.
(40) GRANTHA BHANDĀR OF JAINA MANDIR-OLD DEEG
The Grantha Bhandar is placed in the Jaina temple situated in old Deeg. The temple is very old and it appears that it must have built before 14th century There are 101 manuscripts in the Sāstra Bhandār which have been placed in wooden Almirah, They are not in good condition and are deteriorating fast. Most of the manuscripts are in Hindi and on religious subjects But apart from this some of the manuscripts are very important. The VIKRAMA CARITA of Rāma Candia Suri is one of the manuscuipts not generally available in oths Bhandārs. This is a Samskrit work composed in 1423 A D. The copy JIVAGUNAVILASA of Nathm il which was composed in Samvat 1822 (1765 A.D.) in Hindi and is dated 1766 A.D There is also a BHRAMARGITA of Mukunda Dasa which is complete and in good condition The Hindi translation of VASUNANDI SRAVAKĀCARA which was composed in the year 1850 AD in Amer is also one of the few manuscripts. The work CAUBISA TIRTHANKARA HOJĀ composed by Cunilal in Hindi in Samvat 1914 (1857 A D. is a rare work This was composed at Karauls. There is a copy of JANMA PATRI of Khusāla Candra who was the famous Writei of Hindi in Sāngāner (18th century)
ΚΑΜΑ
Kama is one of the oldest towns of Rajasthan This was previously in the Bharatpur State and now it is a Tehsil Headquarter in the Bharatpur District.
From the manuscripts found in the Jaina Grantha Bhandars of Rājasthān it is presumed that the town remained a literary centre in 18th and 19th century. Though in the Sāstia Bhandār of Agarwal Jaina temple there are manuscripts relating even to 14th century, they were brought from other centres, as in the Sāstra Bhandar there is no manuscript of earlier than 18th century which was written in Kama.
Jodhrāja Käsliwāl son of Daulatarama Kāstīwāl a famous Hindi scholar of 18th-19th century belonged to the town. Jodhrāja wio10 Sukhvilása in Samvat 1884 1.e. in the year 1827 A.D.
Hindi commentary of Pravacanasara' and Pancāsti Kaya? written by Hemra ă was copied in Kāmā in samvat 1719 and 1727 (1662 and 1670 AD) respec
1, Preserved in Grantha Bhandar-Käma. 2. लिखाइत साह श्रीदेवीदास लिखितं महात्मा दयालदाम महाराजा श्रीकतमिहजी विजयराजे
गढ कामावती मध्ये प्रात्माथि ।

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laina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
761
tively. A copy of Ratna-Karandar Sravakacara was also copied in sarhvat 1756 (1699 A.D).
There are several manuscripts in the Sastra Bhandar of Kāmā which were fresented to it.
(40SASTR BAHANDAR OF KHANDELWAL JAINA MANDIR-KAMA
There is a good collection of 578 manuscripts including the Gutkās in the Jaina Śästra Bhandar of Khandelwal Jaina Mandır Kāmå. Manuscripts written in Samskrit, Prakrit, Āpabhramsa Rajasthani and Hindi are there in the collection Most of the manuscripts are old. From the collection of the Bhandar it appears that at some time this temple remained the centre of literary activities. Some of the important manuscripts which are in the collection are as follows -
The manuscript is of
). PANDAVA CARITRA 2 - by Deva Prabha Suri in Samskrit
Samvat 1454 (1397 A D)
2. ATMANUSASAN :-A commentary on it was made by Prabha Candra in Samskrit.
The manuscript was copied in the year 1491 AD. at Gwalior. The original work was written by Gunabhadrācārya
3. SAMAYASAR 3:-A commentary on it made by Sri Subhacandra in Sanskrit This
is a rare work and was composed in Samvat 1573 (1516 A D.)
The work
is in
4. JINARĀTRI VRATA MAHATMYA -by Muni Padmanandı.
Sanskrit and is dated 1537 A.D,
5. ATMA PROBODHAS :-by Kumar Kavi. The manuscript was copied in Samvat
1547 (1490 A.D.) at Sri Patha Nagar.
1. Prescrved in Grantha Bhandai Kama. - मवत् १४५४ वर्षे ज्येष्ठ सुदि ७ सप्तमी शुक्रवारे श्री पाण्डवर्चारत बयरमेणेन लिखित
महाहडीहगच्छे श्रीमुनि प्रभसूरीणा योग्य । 3 रचिलेय वर टीका नाटकपद्यस्य गद्ययुक्तस्य ।
शुभचन्द्र गा सुजयता विद्यामबल ... कात् ।। + इतिश्रीवर्धमानस्वामिकथावतारे जिनरात्रिनतमहात्म्यप्रदर्शके मुनिश्रीपद्मनन्दीविरचिते
मन मुखायनामांकिते श्रीवर्द्ध माननिर्वाणगमन नाम द्वितीयपर्व । 5. सवत् १५४७ वर्षे फाल्गुन सुदि ११ दिने श्रीपथानगरे खडेलवालवंशे गर्ग गोत्रे सघई
मेरापालेन लिखापित।

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Grantha Bhapçais of Aimer Divxion
177
6. PRABODHA CINTAMANI :-by Raja Sekhar Suri. It is in Sanskrit prose. The
manuscript was written in Samvat 1405 1 c. 1348 A.D at Delhi.
7. DAS LAKSAŅA KATHA' :-by Hari Canda This is in Apabhramsa, and was com
posed in the year 1467 A.D. at Gwālior.
8
DHARMA PANCAVINSATIR :-by Brahma Jinadāsa This is In Apabhramsa. There
are only 26 stanzas This is also a rare work.
9
PĀRSWA PURANA3 -was composed by Padma Kirti in Apabhransa in Sarvat
999. The manuscript was written in Samvat 15741.e. 1517 A.D and was presented to Muni Narendia Kirti.
10 SANGRAHAŅI SOTRA BHĀSĀ. .-The original work was translated in Rajasthani
Prose by Daya Hansa Gani. The manuscript belongs to Samvat 1497 (1440 A.D)
U
YAŠASTILAKA CAMPUS .-by Somdeva Sūri The manuscript is incomplete and
was copied in Samvat 1460 (1403 A D).
12. MALLINĀTHA CARITRA BHĀŞA -by Sewa Rāma Pãini The work was composed
in the year 1850 The manuscript was written in Kāmā City.
1. उवएमयकहियगुणग्गलय, पदहमयचउवीसमलय ।
भादवमुदिपचमि अहविमलं, गुरुवार विमाखाणू खतु अमल । गोवग्गरिदुगुहारगरइय, तोमरह वम किल्हरणसमय । सासयसुहरत्त भवरणीहिचत्त, परमपुरिसु प्रागहियग्णा, दहधम्महाउ पुरण सयहाउ, हरिचन्द रामसिय जिग्गचररणा ।।
2 मेहा कुमइणिचन्दं भवदुहसायरह जागपत्तमिग्ण ।
धम्मविलामसुदह मारिणद जिग्णदाम बम्हेगा ।।२६।। 3 सवत् १५७४ कार्तिक बुदि ३ चित्रकूट राग्गा श्री सग्रामगज्ये एतेषा मध्ये माह
मेघा पुत्र होरा, ईसर महेमर करमश्री इद् पाश्वनाथचरित्र मुनि श्री नरेन्द्रकोनि योग्य घटापित ।
4 मवत १४६७ द्वितीयश्रावणसुदि चउदमि शुक्रवार तिगाड दिवसइ तपागच्छनायक
भट्टारक श्रीरत सहसूग्निइ शिष्यइ पडित दयाहमगगइ ए वालावबोध रच्चयउ सर्वसौख्य मांगलिक्यनइ प्रथइ हुवइ ।
6
मवत् १४६० बैसाख बुदि १२ नेमिचन्द्रमुनिना उद्दनहस्ते लिखापितं पुस्तकमिद ।

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78 )
Jaida Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
13. PRADYUMNA CARITA :-by Kavi Sadhăru. The work was composed in the year
1411 (1354 A.D). This work describes the life of Pradyumna son of Sri Krişna, in Hindi poem.
Gutaka number 331 is also important one. It contains several small works of Hindi written in 15th and 16th century by the various authors and specially by Sri Vaca-Raja and Brahma Dipa etc.
(42) SÄSTRA BHANDAR OF AGRAWAL PANCĀYATI MANDIR-KĀMĀ
There is a small Sastra Bhandar which contains only 105 manuscripts The temple is old. Sastra Bhandar was established about 60 years ago, when separation was made between the two temples. All the manuscripts are of 18th and 19th ceutury. There is a manuscript of PRADYUMNA CARITA which contains date of composition as Samvat 1311 (1254 A.D). The copy is incomplete one
(43) GRANTHA BHANDĀR OF SRI MAHĀVTRAJI
The Grantha Bhandār is situated in the famous temple of Digambar Jaina Atibaya ksitera Sri Mahaviraji. The temple is four miles from the Railway station Sri Mahavirajī. The temple is famous throughout India. There is a seat of Bhajtáraka. The Bhattarakas came from Amer, the old capital of former Jaipur State. The Grantha Bhandär of this temple possesses 515 manuscripts including the Gutakās. The manuscripts are of 15th to 19th century. There is a good collection of the manuscripts of Prakrit, Apabhramsa, Samskrit and Hindi works. The manuscripts are systematically arranged. The list of the manuscripts has been published' Some of the important aod old manuscripts are. (1) Tattwärtha Sätra Vriti (Yogadeva ) (2) Nemiswar Gita (Valhava ), (3) Trayodaśamārgi Raso (Dharmasāgar) 4 Pārswanāth Räso (Brahma Vastupal and 5 Indraprastha Prabandha.
BAYANA
Bayana is an old town of Rajasthan. There is a fort which was built earlier than the 4th century. A large hoard of Guptă coins was discovered there about two decades ago, which was studied by Late Dr. A. S. Altekar. The town was also a great centre of the Jainas. The Jaina temple in the town belongs probably to the tenth century A.D. Tradition has it that it possessed a very good collection of manuscripts but it appears that it was destroyed by the Muslim invaders. In the 18th
2. Amer Sastia Bhandar ki Grantha Suci.

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Grantha Bhandar of Ajmer Division
।
79
century the Grantha Bhandar was re-established. There are at present two Grantha Bhandars containing several manuscripts which were copied here in Bayană. PANCA PARMESTHI POJA of Yasonandi was copied in the year 1760 A.D. while SVAPANODHYAYA was copied in the year 1811 A.D. There are two Grantha Bhandars, one is in Papcāyati Mandir and the other is in Terapanthi Mandir.
(44) SASTRA BHANDAR OF PANCAYATI MANDIR-BAYANA
The Grantha Bhandar though a small one is systematically arranged. A list of all the manuscripts is already prepared. The total number of the manuscripts is 150 out of which Hindi manuscripts are in majority. The collection seems to have been made in 18th and 19th century. The following are the important manuscripts in the Grantha Bhandar :
1. VRATAVIDHAN POJAL :-by Hira lal Lohadia in Hindi.
This was
2. CANDRA PRABHA PURANA2 :-By Jinendra Bhusana in Hindi
composed in the year 1794 at Itawah.
1. तीन लोक मांहि सार, मध्य लोक को विचार ।
ताके मध्य दीपोदध, प्रसव प्रमान जो । सबदीप मध्य लसै, जब नामा दीप यह । ताकी दिसा दश तामै, मरत बखान जी । तामै देश मेवात है, बसत सुबुधी लोग । नगर फिरोजपुर-झीरकी महान जी । जामे चैत्य तीन बने, पूजत है लोग धने । वसत श्रावग वहां बड़े पुन्यवान जी । मल सधी संघ लस, सरस्वती गच्छ जिसै । गरणसी बलात्कार, कुन्दकुन्द भानजी । भैसो कुल श्रावक है, वश में खडेलवाल, गोत को लुहाड्या, रच करो जिनवानी जी। किसन हीरालाल सुत, अमर सुचन्द नित, बाल के ख्याल वत, छन्द यो बखान जी ।
2. जिनेन्द्र भूषण लघु शिष्य बुद्धि कर हीन ज्यू ।
___ कही पुराण सुग्मान पूरण पद जान ज्यू । सवत् (१८४१): ठारासे इकतालीस साभले,
Continued......

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80 ]
Jaina Grantha Bhandars ia Rajasthan.
3, BĀHUBALI CANDA' :-by Kumuda Candra in Hindi. This was composed in
the year 1410 A.D, at Ghoghānagar 4. NEMINĀTHA KĀ CAND2 .-by Hemcandra pupil of Sri Bhusana. This is in
praise of Nominātha. 5. NEMIRAJUL GITA .-by Gunacandra. This is also in praise of Neminātha. 6. UDARA GITA :-by Chihal of 16th century.
(45) SASTRA BHANDAR OF TERAPANTHI MANDIR-BAYANA
The Šāstra Bhandar of this temple is also systematically arranged The manuscripts are preserved and placed in the cloth covers duly written their names on them. There are 153 manuscripts including Gutakis in the Sastra Bhandar. Most of the manuscripts are of Hindi works. There is no manuscript upto 17th century, This shows that the Bhandāt only came into existence in the 18th century. The following are the rare manuscripts which are preserved in the Grantha Bhandar :
Continued from page..79
मावन 'माम पवित्र पाल मति की गले । सुदि ह ढंज पुनीत चन्द्र रविवार है,
पूरण पुण्य पुरान महामुखकार है। शहर इटावा भलो, तहा बैठक मई,
श्रावक गुन सयुक्त बुद्धि पुग्न लई ।। 1. सवत् चौदस में सरसठो,
जेष्ट शुक्ल पचमी तिथी छठे। कविवर वारे घोघानयरे.
अति उत्तम मनोहर शम घरे ।।२०७।। अष्टम जिनबग्ने प्रामादे,
साभलियो जिनगान सुग्यादे, रत्नकोति पदवी गुगापरे,
रचियो छन्द कुमुद शिसूरे ॥२०८।। काष्ठासघ विख्यात धर्म दिगम्बर धारक,
तसु नद तट गच्छ गरण विद्या मवि तारक । गुरु गोयम कुल भान रामसेन गच्छनायक,
___ नरसीघपुरादि प्रसिद्ध द्वादश न्याति विधायक । तसु अनुक्रमे त्राणु भन्या, गछ नायक श्रीकार, श्रीभूषण शिष्य कहे, हेमचन्द विस्तार ॥२०॥

Page #101

Grantha Bhandars of Ajmer Division
[ 81
1. ŞODAŚA KĀRANA VRATODYĀ PAN PUJA by Sumati Sagar in Samskrit.
2. LILAVATI BHĀSA
by Lal Canda Sūri. This is a work on Jyotisa translated
from Samskrit to HindL
3. TATTWĀRTH SUTRA BHĀSĀ by Sewā Rāma Pātni in Hindi
4. AKSAR BĀVANI by Pande Kesava Dāsa. There are 61 stanzas in Hindi.
It was composed in Samvat 1736 (1679 A.D.).
(46) ŚĀSTRA BHANDĀR OF JAINA TEMPLE VAIRA
Vaira is an old town which is about 15 miles from Bayānā. This is a Tehsil Head quarter at present. There are two Jaina temples, one is Digambara and
1
2
3
इनि पौउणकारणोद्यापन पाठ |
पचाशदधिकैः श्लोके पटतं प्रमित महत् । तीर्थकृतपरपूजाया सुमतिसागरोदित||१||
पुरण लीलावती भाषा मे भलरीति ।
ज्यू कोधि जीदिन हुई तिको कटु घर प्रीति । सतरा छत्तीम समं वदि प्रमाद बखारण,
पचिम दिन बुधवार दिन ग्रन्थ सम्पूरण जान । गुरू मी चौरासी गच्छे, गच्छ खरतर सुवदीत,
महिमन्डल मोटा मनुष्य, पूरी करे प्रतीत । गच्छ नायक गुणवन्त प्रति, प्रगट पुण्य श्रकूट ।
सोभागी सुन्दर वरण, श्री जिनचद सुदि । सेवग तासु सौभाग निधि, मेम साख सुखकार, शान्तिहर्ष वाचक भन्ने, जम शिष्य तास सुविनीत मनि, लाल चन्द गुरु प्रसाद कीधो भलो ग्रन्थ
सौभाग्य अपार |
ग नाम, भरा अविराम ।
बावन अक्षर जोय करें भैया,
गावु पच्चासहि में मन भावे । सुख सौभाग्य नीको तिनको हुवे,
बावन अक्षर जो गुण गावे ।
लावण्य रतन गुरू सुपसावसु,
केशवदास सदा सुख पावे ॥। ६१ ।।

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82 )
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan
other is Swetāmbar. The Sastra Bhandār situated in Digambara Jaina Mandir contains 120 manuscripts. The number of Gutakás is more than the manuscripts. But the condition of the manuscripts is not good. They have been placed in the covers of cloth just like the rough papers, while some of the manuscripts are without the cloth covers.
The Gutakas contain good collection of Hindi and Samskrit works. They mainly relate to Pūja, Kathă and Stotras etc.
KARAULT
Karauli is a covenunting state of Rajasthan. The City is 18 miles from Hindaun which is a Station of Western Railway (Broad guage). Karauli remained a centre of Juna literature in the 18th and 19th century. Nathmal Vilālā, who wrote several works in Hindi mentions the name of Karauli.
In the 18th and 19th century ci eral manuscripts were written in Karauli and were placed in city Bhandārs and various Bhandars of Rajasthan
(47 & 48) Grantha Bhandārs - Pancavati Mandir & Sogāni Jaina Mandu-Karauli
There are two Jaina Grantha Bhandärs in the city. One Grantha Bhandir is in the Pancāyatı Mandır and the other is in the Sogāni Jaina Mandir.
The Grantha Bhandar of Pancă yati Mandir possesses 227 manuscripts out of which the number of Gutakás is 44 The collection was meant only for self-study. As such the manuscripts are on the subjects of Purāna, Kathā, Sidhānt etc. Varanga Cariya composed by Tejapāl in Apabhramsa language, is a rare manuscript.
The other Šāstra Bhandar exists in the Sogāni Jaina temple. There is only a small collection of 87 manuscripts The collection is very ordinary and no rare or oid munuscript exists in the Bhandar
(49) GRANTHA BHANDĀRS OF HINDAUN.
There are two Sastra Bhandārs established in the temples. The total number of the manuscripts is 426. The condition of the manuscripts is not good and they have been placed even without cloth covers. Several of them have already been made incomplete.

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Grantha Bhandrs of Amer Division,
| 83
AJ MER
Ajaimeru Durga, as the present Ajmer was then called, was built by King Ajaypal Cauhān who was the king of Sapada Laksa with Sambhar as his capital early in sixth century A.D. According to Prithvi Raja Vijay, Ajaideva II, the 23rd Cauhan King of Sākambhari founded a town named it after hunself. On the basis of this statement Dr Buhler? concluded that the city of Ajmer was founded by him. But the statement of Dr. Buhler does not seem to be correct as there is an inscription in the Chatris of Digambara Jaina religious leaders called--Bhattārakas which bear the date of Sarivat 817 (760 A.D) The other inscriptions in these Chatris are dated 845 AD, and 871 A.D This was long before the time Ajaideva II who lived in the 12th century
Aimer has been the political and cultural centre of Rajasthan since its foundation. After its conquest by Sahhuddin Gauri, it was made capital of Rajputänä. Itetained this position till the integration of the Rājputānā States in 1949 Ajaideva son of Ānāji" (1130-1150 A D) built Ānāsägar lake and Ānaji son Višaldeva (1151-1163 A.D) constructed the Visalasar lake (Visale) with temples and palaces round it. It was also a centre place of Jaina religion and culture. There is a manuscript in Jaisalmer Bhandār which was copied in Samvat 1212 1.e. 1165 A.D. It refers to Ajmer as Ajaymerú Durga At this time Vigrah Raja Deva was the emperor. the Prasastis is as follows:
सवत् १२१२ चैत्र सुदी १३ गुगै अद्य है श्री अजय पम् दुर्गे समस्त गजावलिविगजितपरमभट्टारकमहाराजाधिराजश्रीविग्रहराजदविजयराजे उपदेशपदटीकाउने ग्यीनि ।
According to the Bhattāraka Pattávali the first Bhattāraka on the Ajmer Gadı was Visalkirti and he sat on this in Samvat 1168 (1111 A.D). This shows that the Ajmer city even before 12th century was the centre of Jainas and a great literary activities had been commenced even before the period in the 16th century the city was a great literary centre. Pradyumna Caritas of Singh Kavi was written in Samvat
1. Ajmer-Historical & Descriptive by Harbiläs Sarda 37
2. Article on Ajmer published in the Indian Antiquary Vol. XXVI. D 162-63
3. Ajmer-Historical and Descriptive by H B Śärda p 37
4. Ibid. p. 38 5. Âmer Šāstra Bhandar-Jaipur.

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84 1
Jaina Grantha Bhandārs in Rajasthan.
1595 (1538 A.D.) and presented to Mandalacarya Dharmacandra. Bhavisyadatta Carita' of Dhanpala, an Apabhramta work was copied in Samvat 1589 (1532 A,D.).
Aimer is a holy place for Hindus. Muslims and Jainas. There are nine Jaina temples. Two Grantha Bhandars exist in the Jaina temple of Bada Dhaḍā and the Third one is in Jaina temple of Sethji.
(50) GRANTHA BHANDARS OF JAINA TEMPLE BADĀ DHĀDĀ
The Grantha Bhandar of this temple is among the big Bhandars of Rajasthan The temple in which the Bhandar lies, remained the seat of the Bhattarkas for a long time It was constructed in the 16th century and as such this Sastra Bhandar was shifted to this temple which already existed in other temple before 16th century The services rendered by the Bhattarakas in the enhancement of the collection cannot be even estimated The collection work of the manuscript was continued systematically upto the Bhattarka Vijaykirti (18th Century) He was a good scholar and interested in the collection of the literary works. There are several manuscripts which were copied by the Bhattaraka himself But after his death. the management of the Grantha Bhandar became disturbed and due to carelessness of management, several manuscripts were destroyed and more than one thousand manuscripts have been made incomplete. But there is a collection of 2015 manuscripts still safely preserved. The Grantha Bhandar has been now systematically arranged by the author himself in December 1958 These manuscripts belong to Samskrit, Präkrit, Apabhramsa, Hindi and Rajasthānī works. Though the Grantha Bhandar seemed to have come in o existence in the 13th century, there is no manuscript prior to 15th century. The carliest written manuscript was copied in the year 1406 It is a manuscript copy of SAMAYASARA PRABHRITA: Most of the manuscripts written in this Bhandar belong to 15th to 18th century. This shows that this Bhandar remained the literary centre during these centuries.
As the whole collection belongs to the Bhattarak as so the manuscripts on the subjects like Ayurveda, Jyotışa and Mantra Sastra are also in abundance. Such a huge collection on Ayarveda is not available every where else. Several Guțakās completely related to the Ayurvedic literature.
2 Prasasti Sangrah of Amer Sastra Bhandar laipur p 149
१
स्वस्ति श्री मवत् १४६३ वर्षे मार्गकृष्ण त्रयोदश्या सोमवासरे श्रद्यह श्रीकालवी नगरे एतेषा मध्ये साधु नइण पौत्रेण नरपति पुत्रेण साधु श्रीवाल्हाचार्यदेवेन साधुनी atryपालही लgafsकातेन माधुराजजातेन पौत्र साधु श्रीपालहरणचन्द्र समुद्रभवने श्री समयसारपुस्तक लिवाप्य समारसमुद्रोताररणार्थं दुरितदुष्टविध्वसनार्थ ज्ञानावरणाकर्मक्षयार्थं श्रीधर्महेतो सुगुरो धर्मचन्द्र देवेभ्य पुस्तकदान दत्त ।

Page #105

Grantha Bhandars of Ajmer Division
[ 85
Some of the old as well as complete manuscripts which can be very useful at the time of editing are as follows:
Serial Number
Name of the manuscript
Author's Name
Date of manuscript
Prabhācandra
1523 A.D
(1) (2)
Atmānuśāşan Țika Sidhānta Sāra
Jinacandrācārya
vs. 1526 1469 A.D.
(3)
Nagakumar Carita
Mallisena
1618 A.D.
Candraprabha Kavya
Virnandi
1621 AD.
Prasnottar Srāva kācār
Sakalkiru
1496 A.D.
(6)
Dharma Pariksa
Āmițigati Maheswar
Sabda Bheda Prakasa
1480 A.D 1569 A.D. 1516 A.D. 1523 A.D.
Harivansa Purāna
Brahma Jinadása
Sāgar Dharmāmrita
Āsādhar
(10)
Sabdānuśāşan
Hemcandra
1457 A.D.
(11)
Yogasastra
-do
(12)
Amitigati
Subhäsıta Ratan Sandona Sukumāla Cantra
1530 A.D. 1517 A.D. 1480 A.D.
(13)
Sakalkırtı
There is a good collection of Samskrit and Hindi works which are preserved only in this Bhandār. Some of them are as follows -
(Sanskrit Manuscripts)
(1)
Ādhyātma Rahasya
Āsādhar
13th Century
Jitasära Samuccaya
Viişbha Nandi
13th Century
Samadhi Maranotsava Dipika
Sakal Kirti
15th Century
Citra Bandha Stotra
Medhavi
Carpata Satak
Carpata

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86
,
Jain Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
PRĀKRITA & APABHRAMŠA MANUSCRIPTS
(1)
Prakrit commeotary on
Gomattasár Pingala Caturaşiti Rupaka Pasa Cariyu
Unknown author Unknown (Prakrit) Tejăpăl (Apabhrama)
HINDT & RĀJASTHĀNI MANOSCRIPTS
Delha
16th Century
Vūcaraia
Budhi Prakāśa Visalkirti Gita Dharma Kirti Gita Bhuwan Kirti Gila Subhānu Carita Santi Purāna
-do
Upādhyaya Vinaysāgar Thakur
Vs 1562
(1505 A.D) Výcaraja
16th Century Devaraja
Composed in the year 1576 A.D.
Cetana Pudgal Dhamala Mriga Sanivada
8)
(9)
Pärsvanātha Adityavára Katha Adityavāra Katha
(10)
Brahma Nemidāsa Muni-Sakalkirti
(11)
Silă Satu
Bhagwatıdása
Composed in the
year 1687 A.D. Completed in the year 1627 A.D. 17th Century
Bhagwatıdāsa
(12) (13) (14) (15)
Sil Battisi Rajmati Gīta Argalapur Jina Vandana Rajavali Cūnari Rasa Manakaraha Rasa Banjāra Gita Rajamati Nemisvár Dhal
(16)
(17) (18) (19)
A short description of some of these works have been made in the VI Chapter of the book. The manuscript of Krişna Rukamapi Veli of Prithviraja contains 308 stanzas and the manuscripts of Madhumalti Katha contain 916 verses.

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Grantha Bhandars of Bikaner Dwision
[
87
(51) GRANTHA BHANDĀR OF JAINA TEMPLE SETHJI
The collection of the manuscripts is an ordinary one. The total number is about thiee hundred It seems that most of the manuscripts were either purchased or brought from the Săstra Bhandar of others temples There are no rare and early manuscripts here.
GRANTHA BHANDĀRS OF BIKANER DIVISION.
BikānerState was founded by Bikāji in the year 1488 A.D. Previously the area consisted of several small political regions under Sankhlas Parmārs, Cauhans, Bhátts and Jāts. But after conquering all of them Bīkāji founded a state which was called Bikaner after his name? From Jodhpur among other warriors Bothra Vatsarāaja and Vaid Lakhansiji who were Oswal Jainas came with Bīkāji. Vatsa Rāja; was the Minister of Rao Lūņakaran. Thus in the Bikaner state from very beginning the Jainas generally conducted the administration of the state and the rulers had great confidence in them
Apart from the political importance, Bikaner City has also its importance from the literary point of view There are collections of about 50 to 60 thousand manuscripts only in Bikāner out of which about 20 thousand manuscripts are in the collection of Anûpa Sanskrit library and the remaining 40 thousand manuscripts are collected in the Jaina Bhandārs. In this big collection of manuscripts, there are hundreds of manuscripts which are rare and available only in these Bhandārs. Besides the huge collection there are manuscripts which are illustrated and written with golden and silver ink. The illustrated Vigyapti literature is also in their collections. In this Division all are Swetāmbār Grantha Bhandārs and no Digambar Grantha Bhandār ure there. The following are the Grantha Bhandārs in the city
(52) VRIHAT GYANA BHANDĀR
The collection of the manuscripts has been placed in Bara Upāsra in in Rängadı kā Cauka. Before the year 1901 there was no such Bhandar here, but
1. The History of Bikaner State Part 1, by G, S, Ojha p. 96
2
Ibid. page 91
3, Bikaner Jaina Lekha Sangraha page 2
4. Manuscript Catalogue preserved in Abhiya Jaina Granthälaya Bikaner.

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88 )
Jana Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthån
due to the continuous persuation and hard labour of Sri Yati Himatuji, this great Bhandar could be established. The whole Bhandār consists of eight individual collections which were placed in different Almirahs. The names of the Srāvakas who presented their manuscripis to this Bhandar, have been also written on the different almurahs. This collection was made from the following Bhandārs.
(1) DÄNA SAGAR BHANDĀR –
Danasāgar placed the manuscripts in this Bhandar so this collection was named Dānasāgar Bhandar after him There are 2792 manu cripts in the collecuon which have been placed in 74 bundles The collection is very rich and has manuscripts on various subjects Most oi the inanuscripts are written in Samsirit. Prākrit, Hindi and Rajasthani The following are some of the tmportant manuscripts -
(a) Bhagwati Tripāthayrattı .-by Abhayadeva Suri
was written in the year 1071 AD
The commentary
(b) Ācāränga Tripatha Vrällt - Silingācārya. The commentary was com
posed in Śük Samvat 798.
(c) Višāldeva Cauhan Rāsa -- This was composcd by Nalha, This is a
historical work which describes the life of Visal Deva and his wife Rāni Rājmati. This is a very old book in Hindi The manuscript is incomplete having only 23 pages
(d) Pingalā Šāstra --written by Hamiia in Rajasthani language. The
work was composed in Sainvat 1786 (1729 A D) I deals with the subject of Pro'ody.
(e) Tapagach. Pattavali - ontund complete list of Sadhus who have
heen in the Tapāgacha, a branch of Swetānibira Jainas
() MAHIMA BHAKTI BHANDAR --
Mahima Bhaktı was a Jaina Sadhu belonging to Khartargacha. He was the disciple of the famous cholar Upadhyāya Ksema Kalyana. There are several rare manuscripts available in the collection which are preserved as bundles. The total number of manuscripts is about 3000 which are placed in 89 bundles. All the manuscripts are on paper except a few ones The earliest palm leaf manuscript is SRĀVAKA PRATIKRAMANA which bears the date of Samvat 1309 (1252 A.D). The manuscript copy of the AVAŠYAKA VRATTI called DURGĀ PADA VYAKHYA commented by Muni Sekhar Sürı

Page #109

Grantha Bhandars of Bikaner Division
[ 89
in Samvai 1471 (1414 A.D.) is dated 1453 A.D. The manuscript of NAV VILAS NATAK was written by Ramacadra in Samskrit. The manuscript of this NATAK is of the year 1516 A D. SANDEH DOHAVALI composed by Jinadatta in Hindi bears the Samvat 1495 (1438 A.D). The author was the disciple of Jayasagar Upadhyaya.
(3) VARDHAMAN BHANDAR
The collection of the Vardhaman Bhandar is valuable from the point of view of Hindi and Samskrit manuscripts, All the manuscripts are on paper. The following are the important manuscripts
1. Nāma Mālā of Kavi Banarsidasa of 17th century. This is a book on Lexicography in Hindi
2
3
4.
5
6
Sangrahni Ṭabba Tika -The commentary called Tabba was made by Śri Candra Sūri This is an illustrated manuscript written in Präkrit
Sripala Caritra --composed by Ratna Sekhar in Simvat 1428 (1371 AD) in Prakrit language
Vikrama Sena Caupai :-This is a work of Manāsagar Kavi who composed it in Samvat 1724 (1667 A.D). The manuscript was copied in the year 1795 A.D
Suva Bahaṭtari:-By Devadatta Bhatta
small stories in Hindi told by a parrot
This book deals with 72
Gora Badal Caupai -written in Hindi by Hema Ratana. It describes the famous battle which was fought between Allauddin and Ratnasena king of Chittor
(d) ABHAYA SINGH BHANDAR
The whole collection was presented by Si Abhaya Singh who was a Jaina Sravaka of Bikaner. There are 23 bundles which contain 427 manuscripts. All the manuscripts are on paper. Some of the important manuscripts are as follows
1. Viveka Vilasa :-by Jinadattā Sūrī The manuscript was copied in Samvat 1460 1.e, 1403 A. D. It is in Samskrit.

Page #110

90 )
Jaina Grantha Bhandars 10 Rajasthån.
2. Dholamărü :--By Kusallabha. This is a Rajasthani work composed
in Sarivat 1617 (1560 A D.) at Jaisalmer. It describes a famous love story of Dhola and his wife Māru.
3
Singbāsana Battisi .-Gyāncandra. The work was composed in Samvat
1598 (1541 A.D). It describes 32 stories connected with the throne of King Vikram. The manuscript is of 1621 A.D.
4. Sripāla Rasa : This is a work of Sri Gyāna Sāgar who was the student
of Sri Guna Deva Súri. The work was composed in Samwat 1531 (1474 A D.) and describes the life of Sripala.
(5) INA HARSA SORI BHANDĀR
The total number of the bundles is 26 in which there are 295 manuscripts. All the manuscripts are on paper The collection is an ordinary one
(6) BHUWAN BHAKU BHANDAR
The total number of the bundles here is 14 in which 476 manuscripts are placed. The collection is an ordinary one but there are several manuscripts which are old as well as rare. The following are some of the important manuscripts --
1. Kumār Sambhava Vritti-by Laxmi Vallabha Gani in Samskrit. It is
a commentary on the fanious Sanskrit Kavya, Kumār Sambhava of Kälıdāva. The manuscript was copied in Samvat 1822 (1745 AD).
2. Raja Bhoja Bhūnumati Katha : This is a Rajasthan work. The name
of the author is not written but it descuibes the story of King Bhoja and Bhanumatı.
(7) RAMA CANDRA BHANDAR
The total number of manuscripts is 300 placed in 9 bundles The collection is an ordinary one. Most of the works are in Hindi which were copied recently.
(8) MAHARA CANDRA BHANDĀR
The total number of manuscripts is 295 in 8 bundles.

Page #111

Grantha Whendárs of Bikaner Division.
191
(53) BHANDĀR OF ŚRI PUJYA JI
The collection pertains to Acāryas of VRIHAT KHARTAR GACHA in the Bara Upāsraya. The Bhandar was quite in disorder previously but due to great labour of Sri Agarcand Nähta., the Bhandār was put in order and the manuscripts werd numbered and placed subject wise There are 99 hundles which contain 3115 manuscripts. Apart from these there are 100 Gutakās in the collection which contains manuscripts written in Prākrit, Samskrit, Hindi and Rajasthani language
(54) JAINA LAXMI MOHAN SĀLĀ GYĀNA BHANDĀR?
This Bhandar was established in Sainwat 1951 (1894 A D.) by Sri Mohanlal wlio was the teacher of Upadhyāya Jaicand The collection of the manuscripts in this Bhandar is very good and the total number of the manuscripts is 2527 which are placed in 121 bundle. There are also 200 Gutakās All the manuscripts are on paper. The collection of Agama works is very important in this Bhandar.
(55) GYĀN BHANDĀR OF KŚEMA KALYĀŅJI
This Bhandār is in the Upāsraya of Suganji A catalogue of 715 manus cripts was prepared by Hari Sagar Sūri soinc uime back. The manuscript of Khartara Gacha Gurávalık is also included in the collection. This book is a rare one and for the first time was discovered in the collection. This gives a complete history of the works of Khartargacha a sect of Swetambar Jaina Sädhus.
(56) BOHAROUNI KI SERI KĀ UPĀSRAYA KĀ BHANDARS
The collection exists in the Son of the Boludas ncur the Rangadı. The Opāsraya pertains to the followers of Kścma Kalyanji. There are 805 manuscripts in the collection All the manuscripts are on paper. The collection is important from the point of view of Prākrit and Samskrit manuripts.
(57) CHATTI BÃI KĀ UPĀSRAYA KĀ BHANDAR
The Bhandār is in the Nāhtă Guvāda. There are about 300 manuscripts in the collection which are an ordinary one.
1. Manuscript Catalogue preserved in Abhaya Jaina Granthälaya Bikaner. 2 & 3. Ibid 4 Publised by Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan, Bombay. 5 & 6 Manuscripts Catalogue preserved in Abhaya Jaina Granthålaya, Bikaner.

Page #112

92]
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rājasthān.
(58) PUNNI BÃI KĀ UPĀSARAYA KĀ BHANDAR
This collection contains 297 manuscripts duly catalogued and placed in serial number and subjectwise.
(59) COLLECTION OF MAHOPĀDHYAYA RĀMALĀL?
There are 507 manuscripts in the collection. All the manuscripts are systematically arranged. This is a personal collection of Sri Rāmalal. Most of the manuscripts are on the subjects like Siddhānta, Purāna and Carita.
(60) GRANTHA BHANDAR OF KHARTARĀCĀRYA BRANCH
The Bhandār belongs to small branch of Khartargacha. There is a good collection of manuscripts numbering 1895 A catalogue in which only names of the manuscripts are given, is available in the Bhandar. The manuscripts are placed in serial order.
(61) HEMACANDRA LIBRARY
The Grantha Bhandār is in the Upasarā of Påyåcand Gacha under the control of Bathiyas. This Bhandār contains a good collection of the manuscripts numbering 1177 All the manuscripts are written on paper A catalogue of the manuscripts has been prepared and are placed duly numbered They are mostly written in Samskrit, Prakrit, and Hindi and deal with both secular and religious subjects. The majority of the manuscripts are on Agama, Sidhănt, Purāna and Kathā literature,
(62) ABHAYA JAINA GRANTHALAYA
The Gianthälaya was founded by late Sri Sankar.dasa Nähtä in the memory of bes sccund sou Abbayarija Nähtä 35 years ago During these years by conunuous labour a huge collection of manuscripts numbering more than 15 000 has been made Apart fiom the individual manuscripts there are more than 500 Gutakās in the collection which contains several works copied in thcm Manuscripts duly numbered and registered are 13,188 and about 2,000 are still lying unregistered and without number The list is quite exhaustive and gives a complete picture of the
1. Makuscripts Catalogue pieserved in Abhaya Jaina Gianthälaya Bikāner.
2.
to 5. lbid.

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Grantha Bhandårs of Bikaner Division.
( 93
manuscripts. Subjectwise list also abailable. The works are arranged in chronological order. First of all, the name of the main work is given and then its commentaries and Avacūries are mentioued Last of all the Hindi translation works on the original work are given. Thus the manuscripts are placed in scientific way This is perhaps the biggest collection of the manuscripts ever collected puivately not only in Rajasthan but in India also.
The manuscripts are availavle on palm leaves as well as on paper but the number of the palm leaves manuscripts is small Manuscripts are written in several languages such as Samskrit, Prākrit, Apabhiramsa, Rajasthani, Marathi and Gujarati. They deal with various subjects The collection is not limited to the manuscripts or works written by the Jaina authors but there are hundreds of the works composed by the non-Jaina authors also. There is a good collection of historical works, letters of the Jaina Acāryas and Yatis, letters written by and to the rulers and their Farmins, Indian Calendar since Samwat 1701 (1644 A D) and Vanšāvalis of the Oswal Jainas ctc There is also a small collection of old photos, illustrated bulletins, illustrated letters written on the cloth, coins, ink-pots manuscripts written in golden ink and silver ink etc
(63) SETHIYĀ LIBRARY
There are 1212 manuscripts in this library Most of the manuscripts pertain to Agama literature written in Prakrit The library is quite systematic and the manuscripts are placed in serial number
(64) GOVINDA PUSTAKĀLAYA?
There is a good number of manuscripts in this library, The total number is near about 1110 All arc on paper, systematically arranged and registered. The library was established by Govindarāma Bhihamcand Bhansal The Bhandari also private one
(65) COLLECTION OF SRI MOTIRAMA KHAZĀNCT,
This important collection of the manuscripts belongs to Sri Moti Ram who is fond of collecting the manuscripts and other artistic materials. The total number of the manuscripts with Sri Khemcandy is about 5000. The manuscripts have been
1 Manuscripts Catalogue Preserved in Abhaya Jaina Granthälaya Bikaner 2 & 3 Ibid

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94 1
Jaina Grantha Bhandars ia Rajasthån.
collected from various points 1.e. historical, religious and, linguistic. Some manuscripts are illustrated also. Sri Moti Rama takes much interest in the collection of the manuscripts. The manuscripts are systematically arranged.
Apart from these Bhandārs mentioned above there are following Bhandārs more in the City :
(1) Kushal Cand Jaina Pustakalaya
(2) Collection of Yatı Mohanlal
(3) Collection of Sri Lachiraina
(4) Sastra Bhandar in Upasraya of Kochai.
(5) Collection of Yati Jayakarāja.
(6) Collection of Mānmal Kothāri
(7) Collection of Mangal Cand Mälukā.
(8) Collection of Sri Bhanwarlal Rāmpurra.
(9) Collection of Sri Mangalcand Jhalok.
(10) Collection of Sri Rao Gopal Singh Vaid.
The total number of the manuscripts preserved in Bikaner is more than 40.000. Some of the manuscr.pts which are rare have not been found in other Bhandārs is given in Appendix III
(66) GRANTHA BHANDĀR OF YATI RIDHIVARJI, CURU:
The Grantha Bhandar of Yatı Ridhivarji is situated in Curu, It is also a good Bhandar containing 3785 manuscripts. All the manuscripts are on paper and systematically arranged and numbered. There is a good collection of both, religious and secular works. Some of the important manuscripts which are in the Bhandar are follows:
| 2
Chandomanjari ---by Gopaldāsa. The work is in Hindi. Laicandi Padhati -by Lal Cand Yatı. It is a Jyousa work written
in Sanskrit.
1. Manuscripts Catalogue preserved in Abhaya Jaina Granthālaya Bikaner

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Grantha Bhandars of Bikancı Division.
195
3. Kavya Kaustubha .-by Vaidya Bhūşan. The manuscript was copied
in the year 1827 A.D.
4. Prathavi Rāja Rāso - by Mahākavı Candabardii. The date of manus
cript is not given. It contains 62 folios. There is also another manuscript of this work in the Grantha Bhandar at serial number 1597. It contains 45 folios
5
Alankāra Šeh har .--by Kesava Misia. The manuscript was written in
th: year 1622 A.D.
(67) Grantha Bhandar of Jainā Swetambara Terapanthi Sabha Sardar a har
The Grantha Bhandār of Sardarshar belongs to Terapanth Sect of Swetambara Jainas. There are 1471 manuscripts in the Grantha Bhandar. There is a of Kalpasūtra written in Golden ink. This manuscript was written in the year 1477 AD. The Bhandür has a good collection of Hindi works. Some of the outstanding manuscripts are as follows -
1
Amar Sena Rasa .-This was composed in the year 1425 A.D.
2
The manuscript was written in
Kumăr Sambhava by Kalıdāsa.
Sarvat 1514 (1457 AD)
3
Commentary on Naisadha Kvya in Samskrit. The manuscript was
copied in the year 1471 A.D.
4. Kumārpāla Rāsa .- This is a manuscript which deals with the life of
Mahārājā Kumārpāla of Gujrat The work was composed in the ycar 1425 A D
The
There are also some Grantha Bhandirs in the villages & towns. names of which are as under ,
(1) Collection of Yatı Sumermal, Bhinasar,
(2) Collection of Bahadur Singha Bânthiya, Bhīnasar
(3) Śwetambara Terapanthi Pustakülaya, Ganga nagar.
(4) Collection of Yau Kisanlāl, Kālu
1 Manuscript Catalogue preserved in Abhaya Jain Granthalaya Bikaner

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96 )
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan,
(5) Collection of Kharlargacha Yau Dudhacanda, Sujangarh,
(6) Danmal Copră Library, Sujāngarh. (7) Surána Library, Curu. (8) Collection of Sricand Gadhaiyā, Sardarśahar. (9) Collection of Dulicand Sethiă, Sardarśahar.
(10) Collection of Tårå Cand Tatlera, Hanumāngarh.
(11) Vaidon ka Pustakā laya, Ratangarh.
These are the private collections and they contain more or less the same manuscripts which are useful for their Swadhyaya purpose.
GRANTHA BHANDĀRS OF JODHPUR DIVISION
The Grantha Bhandārs of Jodhpur Division include the Bhandars of former Jodhpur and Jaisalmer states. From the importance of the Grantha Bhandārs, this division possesses the Bhandārs of Nagaur and Jaisalmer which are not only famous in Rājasthan but in India also. These are the richest Bhandars in India.
(68) BHATTARAKIYA GRANTHA BHANDĀR-NĀGAUR
Nāgaur which was famous by the name of Nägapur, Ahipur, is an ancient city of Rajasthan. It was the capital of the rulers of the Någa dynasty in the ancient time. According to Bijolā inscription Ahi-Chattrapur was the capital of Jāngal Deśa and the fore-fathers of Cauhānas were the rulers of this area. From here the Cauhana Rajputs made Sāmbhar their Capital'. During the Muslim period, the city witnessed many ups and downs. Some time the Muslim emperors destroyed the city, its temples and other historical places but at other times the Rājput Kings reconstructed these temples. There are several inscriptions written in the time of Mohammad Tuglaq, Akbar, Sahjahan and Aurangzeb2. After the down fall of Moghul Empire it came under the Jodhpur State and before merger into Rajasthan it was a prominent district of the same,
Nagaur also remained a great literary centre of Jainas. Någaur has been first mentioned in Dharmopadeśamālā by Jayasingh Sūri (9th century). In the 11th
1. The History of Jodhpur State, part 1 page. 40-41 2. Ibid.

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Grantha Bhandars of Jodhpur Division,
( 97
century various Jaina spiritual leaders and saints such as Jina Vallabh Sûri and Jinadatta Sūri visited this place. This was the centre of Swetămbar Jaina Sect.
Vädideva Súria was the founder of Nigapuriya Tapāgacha. In the 15th century there had been Pandit Medhavi, a Samskrit scholar and writer of several books. He completed his Dharmopadeśa Stāvakācāra in Nāgaur in Samvat 1541 (1-184 A D.). He described Nagaur as the capital of Sapad Laksa Pradeśa.
मपादलक्षे विषयेति सुन्दरे, श्रियापुरे नागपुर समस्ति तत् । पेरोजग्वाना नपति प्रयाति, न्यायेन शौर्येण रिपून निहन्ति च ॥१८।।
--Pracasti Sangrah p 24
In Samvat 1581 (1524 A.D) Bhattārakai Ratana Kirti established an independent Bhattārak Gadi and also established a great Šāstra Bhandar which at present is regarded the greatest śāstra Bhandic in Rājasthān. Since then Nägaur became a great literary centre for both the sects of Jainas. From the 15th to 18th century this city remained a centre of Jaina literary activities and thousands of mannscripts were copied here. Some of them are still in the Grantha Bhandārs of Nagaur itself and others are in the various other Bhandārs of Rajasthan.
Since the establishment of Grantha Bhandar, there had been several Bhattārakas such as Bhuwan Kirti (1529 A D.), Dharma Kirti (1533 AD) Visal Kirti (1544 A D.), Laxmi Candra (1554 A D.) Nemi Candra (1593 A D.). Yashah Kirti (1615 AD), Bhanu Kirti (1633 AD), Sri Bhusana (1648 A D.), etc. who took great interest in incresing the number of the manuscripts and also took great care for the safe preservation of the same. The manuscripts were got written by the householders and were presented to Bhattārakas at the end of the religious ceremonies or at the time of their visit to the places
Thus the collection of manuscript in this Grantha Bhandar increased day by day This work was continued upto end of the 19th century without any difficulty because from the collection it appears that during the past 100 years a very few manuscripts were written and placed in the Granila Bhandir.
More care was given to preservation than to the collection itself for years these manuscripts were not often seen ficely by public. Just at present even
1
Anekanta Delhi Vol II Kiran 2.
2
loud.
3. Bhaitāraka Sampradāya by V. Plohtapur kar page. :21

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981
Jal Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
about 15 years they were not placed in the Almirahs but were kept in the bundles of cloth. First of all every manuscript after keeping it between the two wooden plates, was bounded by the cloth string and then about a hundred or more manuscripts duly kept under Veşthanas were placed in the big thick bags of cloth. They were tightened in such a way that even air could not be allowed to enter. The writer himself saw the system of pressing the manuscripts and opened them for the purpose of seeing and cataloguing.
The total number of the manuscripts collected in the Grantha Bhandar is more than 14 thousand out of which 12 thousand are the individual manuscripts and two thousands are Gutakās. Such a huge collection of the manuscripts is not available in any other Bhandar in Rajasthan. All the manuscripts are written on paper and there is no manuscript even in this big Bhandar written on palm leaves. The collection is valuable. Most of the manuscripts are quite old. Some of them have been written from 14th to 18th century.
Manuscripts of various subiects have been collected in this Grantha Bhandar. They may be divided into religious and secular ones Religious subjects such as works on Āgam, Sıdhānt. Purāņa, Karhī, Carita, Púju. Stotra, Vidhãn etc, and secular subjects such as Kavya, Drama, Ayurveda, Jyotisa Mathematics, Sangecta, Räsa, Alankar and Canda etc. Thus we can say that the books on all the subjects are available in this Šāstra Bhandir. In this respect this is one of the best Grantha Bhandārs not only in Rajssthan but in India also.
The manuscripts are mainly in five languages i e. Rajasthani, Samskrit, Prakrit. Apabhramsa and Hindi.
SAMSKRIT MANUSCRIPTS
The manuscripts written in Samskrit language may be divided into following categories -
(a) Rare Manuscripts (b) Old Manuscripts
(c) Conimon Manuscripts.
(a) RARE MANUSCRIPTS.
The manuscripts such as (1) KĀVYA MANJARI. (2) CARITA SÄRA by Ratna Bhūşaņa (3) Sanskrit commentaries on SUDARSAN CARIYO and (4) PAUM CARIYU, (5) RAGHUVANSA TIKĀ by Haridāsa (6) as VIDAGDHA MUKHA MADAN by Aika Natha, (7) SĀRASWATA TIKA by Mathur Misra (8) VRAT

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Grantha Bhandats of Jodhpur Division
( 99
RATNAKAR TIKĀ by Krišna Sharma and (9) CANDRONAMILAN TIKA by Rūpcand are some of the rare manuscripts which are not available in other Bhandars.
(b) OLD DATED MANUSCRIPTS
There are many manuscripts which were written in the 15th and 16th centuries and can be used in editing the books, The manuscripts of (1) SĀGĀR DHARMĀMRITA by Aśādhara (2) SARWĀRTHA SIDDHI by Pūjyapăda (3) KSATRA CODAMAŅI by Vădibha Singha (4) TRAILOKYA DIPAKA by Vāmadeva (5) SODASA KĀRAŅA VIDHĀNA by Abbra Pandit (6) YASODHAR CARITRA by Sakal Kirti, (7) SISUPĀLA VADH by Migha Kavi, (8) DRAVYA SANGRAH TIKĀ by Brahmadova (9) CARITA SĀRA by Ratna Shusana and (10) KIRĀTĀR)UNIYA by Bharvi are some of the old manuscripts which are housed in this Bhandar.
PRĀKRIT & APABIIRAMŠA MANUSCRIPTS -
Manuscripts written in Prakrit and Apabhrama languages are in abundance. In this respect the collection of this Grantha Bhandār may be compared with the collection of the Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur. Except the Dhaval, Jayadhaval, and Mahādhaval most of the literature written in Prakrit and Apabhramśa is available in this Bhandār. There are a few manuscripts which are not preserved in this Bhandāt. The earliest dated manuscript is SAMAYASĀRA which was copied in the year 1203 A.D. The manuscript of MOLĀCĀRA is also of 1338 A.D The other old manuscripts are such as GOMMATASĀRA by Nemi Candra. SAMAYASĀRA TIKĀ by Amrita Candra and PRAVACANSĀRA by Acārya Kunda-Kunda,
Among the Apabhrama manuscripts VARĀNGA CARIYU hy Teipāl. VASUDHIR CARIYU by Sri Bhusana, SAMAYAKTVA KAUMUDI by Hari Singh and ŅEMI NĀHA CARIYU by Damodara etc. are some of them. Other manuscripts written in Apabhramsa belong to 14th to 17th century. The peculiarity of this Bhandar is that there are more than one and in some cases upto 15 manuscripts are available of scical works
HINDI MANUSCRIPTS
The manuscript of NEMINĀTHA RĀSA by Bhâu, JAGAROPA VILĀS by Jagrupa, KRIPĀNA PACCISI by Kalha, SARASWATI LAXMI SAVĀDA hy Mandalācārya Sri Bhūşana, HARI CANDRA RAJĀ KI CAUPAI (1820), RĀSA MANI MĀLĀ by Mahātmā Lālachand, KRIYA KOSA BHĀŞĀ by Sukha Deva, ĀRDRA KUMĀR CAUPADI by Anand Bhagat and VIKRAMA SENA CAUPAI by Mānsägar etc. are some of the rare manuscripts in the Bhandār The collection of Hindi works is mainly in Gutakas.

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100
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan
There are Historical works on the life of Bhattarakas in Hindi which give new account of them. Such works are not casily available. There are the songs written in praise of the Bhattārkas. The names of such songs are as follows:
(1) Nemicandra Gita.
(2)
Viśälkirti Gita.
(3) Sahasra Kirti Gita.
(4) Éri Bhūşana Gita.
(5) Jaskirti Gita.
(6) Dharmakitti Gita.
(7) Gunacand Gita.
The Prasastis written at the end of the manuscripts are also an important onc. These Prasastis are of two kinds. Praśastis which are witten by the authors themsciver giving their full description, date of composition, Ruler's name, place where composed, and the circumstances under which the work was written. The Prasastis written by the copyists give full account of the family of the persons by whom the manuscript was got written in such Prasastis the Ruler's name and the name of the place is also given. Such Prasasti serve it good purpose for historical and social surveys
The Grantha Bhandal has not been searched out thoroughly, a catalogue giving the names of the manuscripts, author's name, Bhāșa, Date of compoSition, Date of copying etc. have been prepared recently by Sri Satīsa Candra and Yatindra Kumar Sastri. A list of manuscripts copied in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries are given in the Appendix 11
JAINA GRANTHA BHANDĀRS-JAISALMER
The Jäina Grantha Bhandars of Jaisalmer have long been famous throughout India Those Bhandārs are called most valuable manuscript collections preserved in India They drew attention to their importance of not Indian Scholars but also of Western Scholars As a matter of fact Western Scholars realised their importance for the first time very recently. Among the Western Scholars Colonel James Tod was the first scholar who drew attention to their importance, in his book "TRAVELS IN WESTERN INDIA" (1829) a delightful work which deals largely with the sacred places of the Jainas.

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Grantha Bhandars of Jodhpur Division
1 101
After 45 years of Colonel Tod's visit, Dr. Buhler and Dr. Jacobi examined these Bhanḍārs. He described in India Antiquary that a large portion the Bhandar consists of palm leaf manuscripts dated from 1140 to 1340 A.D. He was under the impression that he had seen all the contents of the Bhandars but as a matter of fact he could not see more than 400 manuscripts. Dr. Buhler in his communication to India Antiquary remarks:
"In Jaisalmer, which was founded about the middle of the 12th century there is a large colony of Jainas. A temple was built under the pontificate of Jina Bhadra Suri, to which were gradully added six other temples. Through this temple and the wealth of the Jaina community, Jailsalmer has obtained a high fame as one of the principal seats of the Jaina faith. Especially, however, is the renown of the Bhandar every where celebrated which according to the statements of Gujaratis surpasses all similar Bhandārs in the world."
About 30 years after Dr. Buhler's visit, a prominent Indian scholar Prof. Sridhar R. Bhandarkar visited the Bhandars of Jaisalmer. He gave full account of his visit in the "Reports of a record tour in search of manuscripts in Rajputana and Central India in 1904-5 and 1905-6 and which was published in year 1909 A.D. At the same time the Jaina Swetambara Conference deputed Pandit Hiralal Hansraja for preparing the catalogue of the Bhandars. The catalogue which he prepared was used in the book "Jaina Granthawali" published in the year 1909 A D.
Several attempts for preparing the catalogue were also made after the publication of Jaina Granthawali. Among those are the names of Muni Hansvija1ī and Jina Kripa Candra Suri and Śri C. D. Delal. But Delal was the only scholar who had the credit to place the importance of the Bhandars before the scholars. He was the librarian of Central Library, Baroda, He was sent by Mahārājā of Baroda in 1916 and he carefully examined all the contents of the big Bhandar and of three other Bhandars. This has been published already in the year 1923 A D. by the Central Library Baroda
Among the recent scholars the names of Muni Jina Vijaya, Śrī Nähta and Muni Punya Vijaya are well known, Muni Jina Vijaya along with five scholars and some copyists remained there for five months and got copied about two hundred manuscripts. He wrote a good description of the collection in third volume of Bhartiya Vidya, Bombay. Muni Punya Vijayji also remained here for about 16 months, the largest time given by a scholar so far. He got microphone of 214 manuscripts and prepared a complete calalogue again.

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102
larna Grantha Bhandårs in Rajasthan.
Jaisalmer has been regarded as one of the safest place of Rajasthān. Jaisalmer was founded by King Jaisal in Samvat 1215 (1158 A.D.). But the manuscripts which are in the collection of the Bhandār are carlier than its time of foundation. Since its foundation there must have been frequent visits of Jaina Sadhus and is also certain that the Jaina Šāstra Bhandăr was established from the very beginning of the city. In the 15th century Jina Bhadra Sūri who belongs to the Khartar Branch of the Swetāmbara sect established the Grantha Bhandar in a systematic way and collected the manuscripts. Sri Jina Bhadra Sūri also established Sāstra Bhandar at Jalore and Nāgaur but they were destroyed by the Muslim invaders. It was his foresightedness for establishing the Grantha Bhandar at Jaisalmer.
According to Dr. Bhandārkar there are manuscripts copied in Vikram Samvat 924, 1005, 1120, 1127, 1134, 1144 and 1155 but he has stated that the time of manuscript copied in v. s. 1139 seems to be correct. But now Muni Punya Vijaya discovered the earliest manuscripf of Samvat 1117 (1060 A.D).
Though there are several manuscripts which were written in Jaisalmer but there comes no name of Jaisalmer in any of the manuscripts. There are three manuscripts which were composed in the Jaisalmer fort. They are as under .
1. Salıbhadra Carita :--was composed in the year 1228 AD
2
Manjjana Sundari Carita -composed in the year 1350 A D.
3. Jambū Dwipa Pragyapu :-composed in the year 1590 A.D. by Upadh
yaya Punyasāgai
There are six Jaind Grantha Bhandars in the city. Their names are as follows ---
1. Brihad Gyāna Blindār. 2 Pancano Bhandar. 3 Badā Upasraya Jaina Gyāna Bhandär.
4. Tapa Gacchiyā Gyāna Bhandir 5. Lokā Gacchıya Gyana Bhandār.
6. Thāharu Saha Gyana Bhandar.
(69) BRIHAD GYANA BHANDĀR
This is one of the most important Grantha Bhandārs in Rajasthån. It was founded in Saṁvat 1497 (1440 A.D.) by Jina Bhadra Súri along with the temple of

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Graptha Bhandārs of Jodhpur Division
[ 103
Sambhavanatha founded by him in the same year. He had a great interest in establishing the Grantha Bhandārs and in his life he established several Bhandārs in India.
As already stated Jaisalmer was founded by King Jaisal in the year 1158 A.D. but this Bhandār con.ains manuscripts earlier than its foundation. So it is presumed that these manuscripts were brought from other parts of India, specially from Gujrat.
Thrs Grantha Bhandar was the literary centre for the scholars like Kamal Samyama Upādhyāya who was the pupil of Jina Bhadra Sûri, wrote commentary on the Uttaradhyayana in Samvat 1544 (1487 A.D.) in the Jaisalmer Forta. Samaya Sundara who was of 17th century scholar, visited this Bhandar and praised the services of Jina Bhadra Sūnı for writing the manuscripts and establishing the Grantha Bhandārs
There are 804 mauuscripts written on palm leaves. The earliest manuscript written on palm leaves is OGHA NIRYUKTI VRATTI" by Dronācārya in the year 1060 A.D. The manuscript was copied by Pāhila. Except this there are several manuscripts which were copied in the 12th and 13th century. In this respect the position of this Bhandār is topmost. There is full Āgam literature alongwith their commentaries written by several Ācāryas. Apart from this kind of literature, there
1. स्थाने स्थाने स्थापित ज्ञान भण्डार श्री जिनभद्रमूरि-पत्तनीय वाडी पार्श्वनाथ मन्दिर
प्रशस्ति ।
2. अम्बोधि-वारनिधि-बाणशशाकवर्षे ।
श्रीउत्तराध्ययनवृतिमिमा चकार । जैसलमेरो दुर्गे विजयदशम्यां मथिता सेयम्,
श्रीजिनभद्रमुनीश्वरचरणम्मरणप्रसादेन 3 श्रीज्ञानकोशलेखनदक्षाः जिनभद्रसूरयो. मुख्या । तत्पट्टे सज्जातास्ततोऽ यु तनदिव्यगुणजाता ।।
Sambodha Saptati Vratu
प्रणहिल्लपतन-जेसलमेरस्थितसमयकोशवीक्षायाः । समवसितगोप्यगम्भीरभावश्र तनिकरसञ्चारा. ॥
Vicăra Ratoa Sangrah 3/310
4. सवत् १११७ मंगल महाश्री.॥छ।। पाहिलेन लिखितम् । मगल महाधी ।

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104 1
are manuscripts on Carita, Purana, Kathā and Natak. The works written by non-Jaina authors are also in good number and such old manuscripts written on palm leaves are not easily available even in the non-Jaina Bhandars. We find the Manuscripts of Kuvalaya-Mālā, Kavya-Mimänsä by Raja Sekhar, Kavya-Darśa by Someswar Bhatta, Kavya Prakasa by Mammața and Naisadha Carita by Sri Harśa copied in the 12th and 13th century.
The total number of paper manuscripts are 1704. They are not preserved as individual manuscript but in Pothis which may be called Guṭakās. On paper also there are old manuscripts.
Some of the important manuscripts preserved in the Grantha Bhandar are
as follows
1
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
2. Pauma Cariya :-Composed by Vimala Suri. It is a Mahākāvya written in Prakrit. The manuscript is on palm leaves and was copied in the year 1141 A.D.1
Candraprabha Swami Caritra-by Yasodeva Suri. It is in Prakrit and was composed by the author in the year 1121 A. D The manuscript was copied in the year 1160 A.D.
3. Hitopadesämritam-composed by Paramanand Suri in Prakrit language. The total Gathas are 520 and the manuscript is dated Samvat 1310 (1253 A.D.).
4. Vasudeva Hindi-by Sanghadása Vacak written in Prakrit and deals with the life of Vasudeva3 The manuscript is rare one.
5. Sūnuinātha Caritam by Devacandra Sūri. The manuscript was written in the year 1103 A. D. This is also a rare manuscript. The work is in Prakrit prose and poem.
}
सवत् १२१७ चैत्र बदि ६ बुधो छ। ब्रह्मागागच्छे प० श्रमयकुमारस्य ।
2. संवत् ११३८ कार्तिक यदि १३ || || महाराजाधिराजश्रीजयसिंह देवविजयराज्ये भृगुकच्छसमवस्थितेन लिखितेयं सिल्लरगेन ||छ ।
3. बसुदेव हिडि प्रथम खण्डं संघदासवाचककृतम् ।
शान्तिरित प्राकृतगद्यपद्यमयं ११५० वर्ष हेमसरिगुरुदेव चन्द्रसूरीयम् ।
4.

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Grantha Bhandars of Jodhpur Division
[ 105
6. Nai Şadha Tikā : by Vidyadhara'. This is a commentary on Naisadha Caritra. It seems to have been composed in 12th or 13th century.
7. Chandonuśāsan :- Jayakirti Sari. The manuscript was copied in Samvat 11923 ( 1135 AD ). His pupil Amal Kirti was also a scholar. He wrote Yogasãra which has been quoted in the following way --
8. Mudra Rākśasa Natak :- by Viśākha Deva. The manuscript was copied in Samvat 1314 (1257 A.D ) by āsadi son of Deyada. 1
(70) PACĀNO BHANDAR
This is a small Sastra Bhandar. There is a collection of 42 manuscripts written on Palm leaves. Śrī C. D. Delal has not mentioned this Bhandar in his catalogue'.
(71) BADĀ UPASRAYA JAINA GYĀNA_BHANDĀR
There is a good collection of 1019 manuscripts written on paper. This Bhandar does not possess palm leaf manuscripts. So it has also not been mentioned by C. D. Dalal in his catalogue. There are several rare manuscripts in this Bhandar Some of the important manuscripts are as follows:
1
श्री जयकीर्तिसूरीणा शिष्येणामलकीर्तिना । लेखित योगसाराख्य विद्यार्थीवामकीर्तिना ||
2. इति जयकीतिकृतौ छन्दोनुशासने.... नमो देवेभ्य सवत १९६२ आषाढ मुदि १० शन लिखितमिदमिति ।
3
बुद्ध वा श्रीमुनि देवसंज्ञविवुधात् काव्य नव नैषधम् । टीका यदपि सोपपत्तिरचना विधाघरो निममे ॥
5.
सवत् १३१४ वर्षे ग्राषाढवदिशनी अद्यं ह श्रीवामनस्थल्या स्थित मह० देयड सुत श्रासीदीन पुस्तक लिखितमिति ।
4 Catalogue of Jaisalmer Bhandārs published by the Central Library, Baroda in 1923
Ibid.
.

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106 ]
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
(a)
Naradiya Purana :-The manuscript was copied in the year 1419 A.D.
by Vyasa Janārdana son of Hariscandra at Malika Vähaņa'. It is in Samskrit.
(b)
The manuscript is incom
Visala Rasa :-written in the Rajasthani.
plete one having only 11 folios.
(c)
Uttaradhyayana Sutra :--with commentary by Gyanasagar Suri. The
manuscript was copied in the year 1429 A.D.:
(72) TAPĀ GACCHIYA GYĀNA BHANDĀR
The Tapăgachhiya Gyana Bhandār when it was established, is not known. But it is a fact that in Samvat 1559 (1602 A. D) it received a good shape by Ananda Vijayagani. The Upăsraya in which the Grantha Bhandar is placed belongs to Hira Vijay. This was the centre of sadhus of Tapagacha sect. There are both the kinds of manuscripts of palm leaves and paper. But the number of palm leaves manuscript is 8 only. Some of the important manuscripts preserved in the Bhandar are as follows :
(a) Hari Vikrama Carita :--By Jayatilak. The manuscript was copied in
Sarivat 1415 (1358 A.D.)
(b)
Maladhārn Devaprabha'. It is written on
Mragavati Canta:-by
paper,
(c) Väsavadattă :--by Mahakavi Subandhu. The manuscript is on paper
and was written by Kayastha Yasodhara in the year 1411.5
1 सवतु राजाश्री विक्रमादित्ये १४७६ वर्षे पोष सुदी १ प्रतिपदाया मूलनक्षत्रे श्रीमलिकवा
हणस्थाने ब्राह्ममूर्ने श्रीहरिश्चन्द्र. तस्य पुत्रेण व्यासजनार्दनेन सिखितमिद पुस्तक
शिवमस्तु । 2. मवत् १४८६ वर्षे फाल्गुन यदि १० रवौ श्री डूगरपुरे राउल श्री गइपाल देवराज्ये
लिखिता लीबाकेन।
3. सवत् १४१५ वर्षे अर्थ ह स्तमतीर्थे प्रतिलेखिता। 4. मलपारिश्रीदेवप्रभाषाविरचिते धर्मसारे मृगावतीचरित्रे पचमो विश्रामः । 6. इति महाकविमुबन्धुविरचिता वासवदत्ताभिधाना मास्यायिका समाप्ता। संवत् १४६८
समये मार्गसिर वदि ४ बुधवासरे लिखित कायस्थ यशोधरेण ।

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Grantha Bhandars of Jodhput Division
1107
(73) LOKĀ GACCHIYA GYĀNA BHANDĀR
This Bhandär has been named by Sri C. D. Dalal as Sastra Bhandar of Düngar Yati, but now Muni Punya Vijaya mentions it in his catalogue as Lokāgachiya Gyāna Bhandar. It has eleven palm leaves manuscripts. The manuscript of Punya Sára Katha composed by Viveka Samudra in Samvat 1334 (1277 A.D.) at Jaisalmer, is an important manuscript available in the Grantha Bhandār. The collection of manuscripts was made by Dúngara Yati.
(74) THĀHĀRU SĀHA GYĀNA BHANDĀR
Both Sridhar Bhandarkar and C. D. Dalal have given the name of the Bhandar as THIRU SĀHA but according to the inscription of the latest part of 17th century the true name seems to be THAHARU. The same name has been given by Muni Punya Vijay in his catalogue. There are only four palm leay manuscripts and the rest of the manuscripts are on paper.
(75) HARI SĀGAR GYĀNA BHANDĀR-LOHĀVAT
The Šāstra Bhandar of Lohavat is one of the inost famous and richest Bhandār of Rajasthan. The Šāstra Bhandar consists of fine collection of manuscripts. The total number of the manuscripts is 2110 out of which the number of Gutakās is 87. Books written in the Sarhskrit, Pråkrit and Hindi languages are in the majority. They deal with the subjects such as Āgima, Kavya, Carita, Katha, Pujāna and Grammer Some of the important manuscripts which are in the collection are as follows:
221 Rathora Bansăvali in Hindi.
485
Srangāra Sataka by Jainārain Bhatta in Hindi
516. Samyaktva Kaumudi by Jaysekhara in Samskrit.
564. Sandesa Rasaka Tippanikā : Commentary by Laxmi Cand. Original
book in Apabhramsa and ceminentary in Saṁskrit,
782. Neminátha Rása hy Vijaydeva Suri in Hindi.
1378. Viveka Manjari by Akhada Kayi in Hindi.
1. Manuscripts Catalogue preserved in Abhaya Jaina Granthalaya Blaner.

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108 ]
1457. Commentary on Meghadūta Kavya by Kamal Kiriti in Samskrit.
1462. Kavi Rahasya Tika by Ravi Dharma.
1985. Naisādha Kavya Vritti by Jinaraja Suri in Samskrit. 1986
Kavya Prakasa Vritti by Gunaratan Pathak in Samskrit.
(76) SRI MAHAVIRA GYANA BHANDAR, PHALODI1
Jama Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
The total number of the manuscripts are 146 The first list of the manuscript was prepared in the year 1918 A. D by Sri Anand Sagarji Mahārāj and it was again prepared in the year 1924 by Sri Ratan Muniji and the third list in the year 1937. The collection of the manuscripts is an ordinary one. The manuscripts of ŚRENIKA CARITRA by Jina Prabha Suri in Samskrit is a rare one.
(77) PUNYA SRI GYANA BHANDAR, PHALODI
Upto the year 1916 the collection of the manuscripts was an ordinary one but in the year 1917 Sri Ananda Sagar Maharaj increased the number of the manuscripts. Old, damaged and rat-caten portions of manuscripts were again copied. The total number of the manuscripts in the Bhandar is 365. Most of the manuscripts are of 18th and 19th century. There is a good collection of the manuscripts on the subjects like Agama and Katha etc. All the manuscripts are written on paper.
(78) RAJENDRA SURI SASTRA BHANDAR, AHORE1
There is a big Śästra Bhandar in Ahore which contains a large number of the manuscripts. The Sastra Bhandar is under the management of Sri Rajendra Suri, a Jana Yatı
The total number of the bundles in which the manuscripts are All the manuscripts are written on paper and there is no manuscript The following are the important manuscripts in the collection :
Jamnendra Vyakarana Vratti by Megha Vijay in Samskrit.
78. Naisadha Kavya Vratti. Commentary by an unknown author written in V.S. 1453 1.e. 1396 A.D.
placed are 252 on palm leaves.
I
1 to 3. Manuscript Catalogue preserved in Abhaya Jain Granthalaya Bikaner

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Grantha Bhandars of Udaipur Division.
(
109
79. Jambu Dwipa Pragnapti in Prakrit. The book is fully illustrated.
83/6. Pradyumna Caritra by Rama Candra.
The majority of the manuscripts are in Prakrit, Samskrit and Hindt languages.
(79) JAINA SASTRA BHANDAR-KUCĀMANA
Kucảmana is a good city in the Nāgaur District of Rajasthan. It is situated on the Western Railway Branch which is linked from Phulera Junction to Merta Road. There are three Jaina temples in the city. All the temples have manuscripts in their collection. But the collection of the Grantha Bhandar of Ajmeri Mandir is an important one. Majority of the manuscripts are of Samskrit and Präkrit. All the manuscripts are written on paper. The main subjects on which the manuscript copies are generally available is Sidhanta. Purina, Carita, Půjā apd Stotra.
Apart from these Bhandars, there are some Bhandars, under the possession of some Yatis and Srāvakas also. Names of such collections are as follows:
(1) Collection of Bhattāraka Udarcandra -Jodhpur.
(2) Jaina Rāstra Pustakālaya Singpole, Jodhpur
(3) Badri Bhatta Rishi Kula Brahmacaryaśrama, Jodhpur.
(4) Collection of Ram karana Asopa. Jodhpur,
(5) Collection of Yati Khemcandra, Bälatora. (6) Collection of Sansamal Kanted, Pali (7) Collection of Tapagachhiya Punan candra, Pachabhadrã. (8) Collection of Sumatisägar, Sozat.
GRANTHA BHANDĀRS OF UDAIPUR DIVISION
Udaipur remained a prominent State of Rajasthan. The city of Udaipur was founded in 1959 A.D. by Mahārånā Udaisingh and it is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful cities in India. A French Traveller Picine Loti called it "A DELICIOUS HALTING PLACE." The Jainas were the prominent helpers of the various

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Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
110 1
Mahārānās of Udaipur. They always supported them both in prosperity and distress, so when the city was established, Jainas from various places also came here and settled down.
From its very foundation Udaipur remained the centre of learning and literature. The Mahārānās of Udaipur also took initiative in this respect and contributed to a great extent towards the Rajasthani litarature. The manuscript library of Mahārānā is a great treasure, house for Rajasthäni and Samskrit literature. Asadhar a famous Jaina scholar of 13th century was of Udaipur State
There are 9 Jaina temples in the city and all of them contain manuscripts. There are several manuscripts which were copied in Udaipur and at present found in various places. Neminatha Purana of Brahma Nemidatta copied in Samvat 1751 (1694 A.D) and 1783 (1726 A D.) at Udaipur were placed in Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur. Syadavadamanjarī copied in Samvat 1797 (1740 A.D) was placed in the Sastra Bhandar of Jaina temple Badhicand, Jaipur Pandava Purana of Bhaṭṭāraka Subha Candra was copied in Samvat 1693 (1636 A.D) in the Santinatha temple, Udaipur Adipurana written by Acarya Jinasena was copied in Samvat 1730 (1673 A.D) Poet Daulata Rama Kasliwal who lived here for about thirty years wrote various books in Hindi lle mentioned the name of Udaipur in his VASUNANDI ŚRĀVAKĀCĀRA BHAŞA'
(80) SASTRA BHANDAR OF SAMBHAVANATHA TEMPLE, UDAIPUR
Jaina Temple of Sambhavanatha is one of the oldest temples of Udaipur City It has a very good Sastra Bhandar which possesses 517 manuscripts, written from 15th century to 20th century. The earliest manuscript available in the Sastra Bhandar is LAGHU JATAKA TIKĀ of Bhattotpal which was copied in Samvat (1408 A D.) and the latest manuscript copied in Samvat 1965 (1908 A.D) is Solahakarana Vidhan of Tek Cand in Hindi. In this way we find here manuscripts written in last 500 years
The collection of the manuscripts is very rich from the point of view of Hindi manuscripts and there are more than 25 Hind! works which have come to light for the first time. Among such rare manuscripts following are remarkable
1. Sită Sila Rasa Pataka Gunavel-by Acarya Jaya Kirti composed in Samvat 1604 (1547 A.D). The manuscript is an original copy written by the author.
1. Prasasti Sängrah of Amer Sastra Bhandar. Jaipur p 255.

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Grantha Ahandars of Udaipur Division
2. Rajula Patrikā :-by Soma Kavi. It is a letter written by Rajula to
Lord Neminātha in Hindi.
3. Rohini Prabandha :-by Brahma Vastupāla written in Samvat 1654
(1597 A.D). Jt is an short story of Rohini Vrata.
4. Hanuman Carita Rasa :-By Brahma Gyāna Sägar. It was composed
in Samvat 1630 (1573 A.D) in Paluwă city and describes the life of Hanuman according to Jaina mythology
5
Anirudha Harana or Uşa Harana :-written by Ratan Bhūsana Súri.
It describes the life of Anirudha who was the grand son of Sri Krisna. The manuscript was copied in Sarvat 1699 (1642 A.D).
6
Bhattaraha Sakal Kirti Rāsa --written by Sảmal who was also a pupil
Sakal Kirti. It is in Hindi and describes the life of Bhattāraka Sakal Kirti and Bhattárak Bhawan kirti. It is a historical work.
7
Sanat Kumar Rása -written by Pasa Cand in Samvat 1677 (1620 A D).
8
Mallinātha Stavan :-by Dharma Singh in Samvat 1697 (1640 A D.).
9. Among Samskrit manuscripts Chanda Ratnākara Tīkā is an important
work. It is a work on metres.
10
Jyotisa Grantha :-by Asādhar, a famous Samskrit scholar of 1311
century.
The main subjects on which the manuscripts are found are religious as well as secular one. Among secular subjects, Purāna, Rása, Philosophy and Kathā are more important.
(81) GRANTHA BHANDĀR OF AGARWAL JAINA TEMPLE
There is also a good collection of the manuscripts in the Grantha Bhandar of this temple. The total oumber of the manuscripts is 388 including Guta kâs. There are a majority of Hindi manuscripts and among them also the number of Rāsas are more. The Bhandar possesses manuscripts of the 14th century. The earliest written manuscript is SARWĀRTH SIDHI of Pujyarāda copied in Samvat 1370 (1327 A D.). It was written in Delhi which was called Yoginipur at

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112
)
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
that time. The main subjects on which the manuscripts are available on Jaina Sidhant, Purina and Rāsas. Some of the rare manuscripts are as follows:
1. Cārudatta Prabandha -of Kalyāņa Kiti composed in Samvat 1692
(1635 A.D.).
2. Mahāpurāna Ki Caupai -by Gangādāsa. He was the son of Parwata
Dharmărthi, who was himself a Hindi scholar.
3. Lonka Mata Nirākarana Rasa .-by Sumatı Kirti. It is a work in Hindi
which contradicts the Lonkāmata.
4. Aklanka Yati Rasa .- by Jai Kiriti composed in Samvat 1667 (1610
A.D). It describes the life and achievements of Aklank, a famous Jaina scholar and Ācārya of 6th century.
5. Sudarśana Sethani Caupai :-by Lāl Kavı. It was composed in Samvat
1636 (1579 A D).
6. Jinadatta Rasa :-by Ratan Shusana in Hindi
7. Gomâțta Swāmi Caupai'-by Muni Jasakirti composed in Samvat
1619 (1562 A.D).
8. Vasudeva Prabandha -by Jayakirti, the manuscript is of Samvat 1735
(1678 A.D)
9. Jivandhar Carita :-by Daulat Rām Kashwal composed in the year 1805
(1748 A.D). The manuscript is original copy written by the author himself
10. Ajitnātha Rāsa :--by Brahma Jinadāsa. It is a work of 15th century
and written in praise of Agitanåtha.
11. Balabhadra Räsa :-By Brahma Yasodhar composed in Samvat 1585
(1528 A D) in Skandhanagar.
12. Sravakācăra :-by Dharma Vinod. It is a work of 15th century (1457
A.D). It deals with duties of householders
13. Ambika Rasa :-by Brahma Jinadása. It is a Hindi work
14. Punyäśrava Katha Koşa :-by Rāma Candra copied in 1533 A.D.

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Grantha Bhandars of Udaipur Division
[ 113
15. Sabda Bheda Prakāśa :-by Maheswara Kavi in 1500 AD
16. Dharma Pariksa Rāsa :-by Sumatı kirti copied in 1591 A.D.
(82) GRANTHA BHANDĀR OF KHANDELWĀLA JAINA TEMPLE
The Khandelwala Jaina temple is situated in Mandhi ki Nāla, Udaipur. It preserves a small collection of manuscripts numbering about 185. Most of the manuscripts are in Hindi written by Jaina authors. The earliest manuscript is BHUPĀLA STAVANA copied in Samvat 1363 (1306 A. D) and latest one is DASLAKSANA POJĀ by Rāwat copied in Samvat 1974 (1917 A.D). The main subjects on which the manuscripts are available are Rāsa, Pūjā and Stotra. Some of the important manuscripts are as follows --
1. Gaja Singh Caupai -of Raja Sunder.
It is a work of 1497 A.D
2. Rāma Rāsa :--by Mādhava Dása. It is a short story on the life of
Rāma.
3
Campăwati Sıla Kalyanaka .-by Muni Rāja Cand. It is a work of
1627 A.D.
4
Simandhara Swami Stavan .-written by Kamal Vijay in Samvat 1682
(1625 A.D).
(83) GAUDI JI KĀ UPĀSRAYA-UDAIPUR
The total number of the manuscripts is 625 The manuscripts are placed in bundles. The manuscripts are on the subjects such as Agama, Ayurveda & Jyotışa etc The Grantha Bhandar is an ordinary one.
(84) GRANTHA BHANDĀR-DONGARPUR
Dungarpur remained the literary centre from the 15th century when Bhattāraka Sakalkirti established the Bhattāraka Gādi here. As the Bhattāraka was a versatile scholar, there stayed several scholars with him. A great ceremony was taken in Sarwat 1482 (1425 (A.D), Brahma Samal pupil of Sakal Kirui described the same in the Sakal Kirti Råsa as follows:

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Jain Grantha Bhandārs in Rajasthan
114 ]
चऊदय व्यासीय सवति कुलदीपक नरपाल सघपति । डुगरपुर दीक्षा महोछव तीणि कीया ए ॥३॥ श्री सकलकीरति सह गुरि सुकरि दीधी दीक्षा प्राणदभरि । जय जयकार सलि सचराचरुए गणधर ॥४॥
After Bhattāraka Sakalkirti there were several Bhattārakas who had been there and composed several works in Samskrit and Hindi. Amongst such Bhatýärakas, Bhuvan Kirti, Gyan Bhūsana, Vijaya Kirti, Subhacandra, Brahma Jinadāsa are some of them. There is still a Bhattāraka seat and good collection of the manuscripts the total number of which is 553 Dangarapui was a State and now it is a district Head quarter of Dungarpur District of Rajasthān.
There are several manuscripts written in Dungarpur and preserved in various Grantha Bhandārs. Jinadatta Kathā was copied in Samvat 1616 (1559 A.D) and was placed in the Grantha Bhandar of Āgarwal Jaina temple Udaipur. Sajjana Citta Ballabha was copied in Samvat 1696 (1639 A.D) at Dungarpur and was presented to Brahma Akhaya Rāja. Caubisa-Thāna-Carca was written in Ādinātha temple in Sarivat 1731 (1674 A.D) and placed in Udaipur Bhandar.
The collection of the various manuscripts is very notable and some of them are as follows --
1. Räin Rása by Brhma Jinadāsa. The manuscript was written in Samvat
1748 (1691 A D) in Dewal Village. This is one of the famous work in Hindi of the poet.
2 Mithyáiva Khandan by Bah hat Räm.
3. Sukausal Rása by Ven. Däsa. The manuscript was copied in Samvat
1714 (1657 A D
4
Suhausal Swami Rāsa by Brahma Jinadāsa in Hindi.
5. Upadesa Bāvani by Kısan Dāsa composed in 1707 A.D. Bāvani is a
good work of Hindi literature.
6. Saraswati Puja by Brahma Jinadāsa in Samskrit.
7. Sammeda Sikhar Püja by Ram Pal composed in the year 1829 A.D. in
Hindi. The manuscript is original one.

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Grantha Bhandars of Udaipur Division.
| 115
8. Srenika Carita by Dungă vaid composed in the year 1642 A. D. in
Hindi.
9. Rāmāyana Chappaya by Jayasāgar.
10. Mun Mālikā by Carita Singh composed in the year 1575 A.D. in
Hindi.
11. Sambodha Pancasika by Raidhū. The manuscript was written in
Samvat 1597 (1540 A.D.)
Apart from the above manuscripts there are following illustrated manuscripts.
1. Candana Malayagırı Caupai by Bhadrasena. The manuscript was
copied in the year 1733 A.D. and it has 25 illustrations.
2. Aditya Vāra Katha by Gangādāsa. The work was composed in Saka
Samvat 1615 (1758 A.D). It contains 5 pictures.
3. Pictures on Rāga and Räginis
Their number is 30.
(85) COLLECTION OF YATI BĀLA CANDRA VAIDYA-CITTOR
There is a good number of the manuscripts in Sri Bala Candra Jaina Vaidya's collection. The total number of manuscripts is about 1000. Manuscripts on the subject like Mantra-Šāstra, Stotras, Medicine, Jyotisa, Āgama and religion are in great number. The Grantha Bhandar was founded in Saṁvat 1941 by Pandit Vinaya Candji. There is a prasasti which reads as under.
श्री सद्गुरूम्योनम' उपाध्याय जी महाराज श्री १००८ श्री शिवचन्द जी तत शिष्य १००८ ज्ञानविशालजी तत् शिष्य अमोलखचन्द जी तत् शिष्य प.विनयचन्द जी महा मध्ये सवत १९४१ में स्थापित हस्तलिखित ग्रन्थो की-सूची।
(86) Bhattarak Yaśahkirti Jain Saraswati Bhawan Risabhadeva
Rişabhadeva is a famous Jain Tirtha of Mewar. It is on the National Highway going from Udaipur to Ahemdabad. There are several inscriptions which tell the story of its development from time to time. According to one inscription of
1. Manuscripis Catalogue preserved in Abhaya Jaina Granthålaya Bikaner

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116 1
Samvat 1431 (1374 A.D.) Hardan son of Setha Bija got repaired the temple on the inspiration of teachings of Bhattarak Dharmakirti.
There is one Sastra Bhandar in the Saraswati Bhawan of Bhattarak Yaşah Kirti in which a good collection of the manuscripts is available. One rough catalogue also has been prepared in which names of the manuscript and authors etc. are given But the catalogue is not exhastive. There are about 1070 manuscripts including Gutakas. The earliest manuscript is Sangrahani Sūtra Balavabodha written in Samvat 1416 (1359 A.D) There is a good number of manuscripts written in the 15th and 16th century. Works written in Rajasthani, Mewari and Hindi are in abundance Following works are important.
1
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
Mahavir Carita or Mahavira Rasa composed by Padma at Sagwarǎ in Samvat 1609 (1552 A.D)' Padma was pupil of Bhattarak Subha Candra
2. Narasinghapura Jati Rása This is a historical work describing the Narsinghapura Jati and its growth and development.
3. Santi Nath Furan
This is a work of Bhattarak Ratna Candra who wrote this in the year 1783 (1726 A D.). The manuscript is original one written by the author himself.
4. Śrenik Caritra.-Composed by Daulat Rām Kāsliwal, a Rājasthānī
scholar of 18th century. It was completed in the year 1725 A.D. there is also one manuscript of Sripal Carita written by the same author.
7
5. Pradyumna Rasa a Hindi work of Brahma Guna Rāja composed in 1549 A D
6 Karmavipäk Rāsa -composed by Manaranga in Samvat 1728
Laghu Tatwärtha Sūtra-This is a short form of famous Tatwartha Sutra of umāswāmī
8 Lavakusa Akhyana -Th's is a work of Bhattarak Mahicandra in 17th century
1 सवत् सोलनबोतरे मंगसिर पचमी रविवार ।
राम कियो मे निरमलो, सुभवे सागवाडा नगर मभार ।।२०।।

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|
117
Some of the old manuscripts of the several works are as followes :
S. No.
Name of the manuscripts
Author's Name
Bhāṣāyear of writing
1.
Mahābhiseka Vidhi
Narendrasena
Samskrit 1399 A.D.
2.
Bhāva Sangraha
Devasen
Prākrit 1458 A.D. at Nainavā
Dharmāmrita Panjika
Āşadhar
Samskrit 1484 A.D. at Dungarpur
Sānti Nátha Caritra
Sakalkırtı
Samskrit 1494 A D.
Nemináth Puja
Vidya Bhūsana
Hindi 1557 AD.
Dharmaśarmabhyudaya
Hari Candra
Samskrit 1576 A.D.
Upadeśa Ratnamälä
Sakal Bhusana
Samskrit 1570 A.D.
This is an original copy written by the author himself.
8. Chanda Kosa
Prakrit 1592 AD.
9. Tatwärtha Ratna Prabhākar
Prabhācandra
Sanskrit 1649 A D.
10. Pattavali of Kasthā Sagha in Samskrit.
(87) KHARTARA GACHIYA SASTRA BHANDAR-KOTĀ:
The Grantha Bhandar belongs to Khartara Gaccha branch. There is a rich collection of the manuscripts. The total numbei of the manuscripts is 1177. Most of the manuscripts are of the 15th, 16th and the 17th centuries. Manuscripts on the subjects like Agama, Siddhānt, Purāna and Rāsas are in the majority. The earliest manuscript is Rama Laksmana Rāsa written in Samvat 1415 (1358 A.D.). The work deals with the life of Rama and Laksmana according to the Jaina mythology. It is in Hindi. There is a copy of Viśăl Deva Cauhāna Rasa in Hindi, Though the manuscript is incomplete it is a copy of the 14th century. Among the other manuscripts following are more important
SRIPALA RĀSA of Yasovijay of Samvat 1445 (1388 AD)
NANDA RĀJA CAUPAI of Muni Kusal Sing of Samvat 1436 (1379 A.D)
J. Manuscripts Catalogue preserved in Abhaya Jaina Granthalaya Bikaner

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118 ]
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
HAMMIRA MAHAKAVYA of Naya Candra in Samskrit of Samvat 1486
(1429 AD)
There is a manuscript of KALPA SOTRA written in golden ink in Sarvat 1530 (1473 A.D.). The Grantha Bhandar is systematically arranged and manuscripts are placed in serial number.
(88) VIRA PUTRA ANANDA SĀGAR GYĀNA BHANDĀR-KOTĀ
The collection of the manu cripts is private one and belongs to Ananda Sagar 11 Maharāja. It was established in the 19th century The total number of the manuscripts is 415 Most of the manuscripts were copied from the 17th to the 19th century The earliest manuscupt in the Bhandar s Sandeh Dohávali Vratti of Prabodha Candra copied in Samvat 1448 (1391 AD)
(89) GRANTHA BHANDĀR OF JAINA TEMPLE BORSALI-KOTAH
The Grantha Bhandar of Digambar Jaina temple Borsali is also one of the muns Bhandars of the city There is a good collection of the manuscripts which are 735 in number. From the Bhandir, it appears that it was a centre of literary activity specially in 18th century. There are several manuscripts which were copied here such as Mahipala Caritra in Samvat 1856 (1799 AD) PARVA RATNĀVALI (1794 A.D.) Samadhı Tantra Bhisa by Parvata Dhärmärthi (1766 A.D.) GYAN DARPANA of Deep Candra (1778 A.D). All these manuscripts are preserved in this Bhandar
The earliest manuscript is Gyi narava of Subha Candra in Saṁskrit It was copied in Samvat 1548 (1491 AD) and the latest manuscupt is Jina Datta Katha of Samvat 1992 (1935 A D ). The manuscripts deal with all the interesting subjects. Some of the important manuscupts are as follows --
(a) Palya Vidhana Rāsa .- of Subha Candra in Hindi, This is a small
work which deals with Palya Vrata: The manuscript
was copied in Samval 1690 (1633 A.D). (b) Candra Prabha Swim Vivāhlo --written by Bhattāraka Narendid
Kiit in Samvat 1702 (1545 A D). The work is in
Hindi and describes the marriage of Candra Prabha. (c) Cetāvant -- work which instructs every one to be careful in worldly
bfe. It is in Hindi poem.
1. Manuscripts Catalogue preserved in Abhaya Jaina Granthälaya Bikaner.

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Grantha Bhandars of Kota Division
1119
(d) Ravivrata Kathā :-of Muni Sakal Kirti in Hindi.
Among the rare manuscripts are works of Vegarāja which have been collected in a Gutakā. The poet was of 18th century and he finished his work Bārahakhadi in Samvat 1798 1.e. 1741 A.D. Other important works are NEMI VIVAHA PACCTST by Vegarājā and Kumuda Candra's PARDĀRO PARŠILA RASA All the works are in Hindi.
GRANTHA BHANDĀRS OF BONDI
There are five Grantha Bhandārs in Bündi city, The names of which are as follows -
(1) Grantha Bhandar of Jaina Temple Pārswanatha.
(2) Grantha Bhandar of Jaina Temple Ādinātha
(3) Grantha Bhandar of Jaina Temple Abhinandana Swami
(4) Grantha Bhandăr of Jaina Temple Mahāvīra.
(5) Grantha Bhandar of Jaina Temple Neminātha (Nāgadi)
(90) GRARTHA BHANDĀR OF PARSWANĀTHA TEMPLE
The Grantha Bhandar of Pārswanātha temple contains 334 manuscripts All the manuscripts are on the subjects like Pūjā. Katha, Purāna and Stotra etc. Most of the works are in Samskrit. There is a copy of Rāma Candra Rasa written by Brahma Jinadasa in Sāmvat 1518 (1461 A.D.).' The poet has given the time of its complation time in this work. This is in Hindi It describes the life of Rāma Candra. The other rare mannscript is a commentary of BHAKTĀMARA STOTRA of Hem Rāja in Hindi prose. This has been discovered first time in this Bhandar.
(91) GRANTHA BHANDĀR OF JAINA TEMPLE ĀDINĀTHA
In the Grantha Bhandar of Ādinātha temple, there is a collection of 168 manuscripts. The earliest manuscript in the Bhandar is Jyotisa Ratnamåla with commentary written by Pandit Vaiza in Samvat 1516 (1459 A.D). The other old manuscripts are Sāgära Dharmamrita by Aśadhara copied in 1500 A.D, Trilokasāra (1461 A.D.) by Acărya Nemi Candra and Upadeśamāla of Dharma Dása (1540 A.D).
1
सवत् पन्द्रहपठारोत्तरा मगंसिर मास विमाल । शुक्लपक्ष चउदिस दिने रास कियो गुणमाल ।।

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Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
120 }
(92) GRANTHA BHANDAR OF JAIN TEMPLE ABHINANDANA SWAMI
The Sastra Bhandar of Abhinandana temple contains 368 manuscripts. Previously this temple was the seat of the Bhattarakas and there was a big collection of the manuscripts but most of the manuscripts were sold by the pupils of the Bhattarakas and several of them destroyed automatically. But still there is a good Karakandu Cariyu, an Apabhramsa Kavya collection of old manuscripts. written by some unknown author, is a rare work which has been discovered recently. The work describes the life of Karkandu, a king according to Jaina mythology. The manuscript is incomplete and in bad condition.
(93) GRANTHA BHANDAR OF MAHAVIRA TEMPLE
This temple remained the seat of scholars as the manuscripts preserved in the Grantha Bhandar are on the subjects like Siddhant, Purana Pūjā and Stotra etc. The total number of the manuscripts is 172. Most of the manuscripts are new. The manuscripts are in Hindi written in 18th and 19th centuries.
(94) GRANTHA BHANDAR OF JAINA TEMPLE NEMINATHA
This last Grantha Bhandar exists in the temple of Neminatha. This Bhandar was also important in the past. At present there are 223 manuscripts which But manuscripts of the same number had been are complete and in good condition. made incomplete. There is a manuscript copy of MADHAVĀNAL PRABANDHA written by Gokul son of Narsa in Samvat 1594 (1537 A.D). This is a very correct copy of the book which was copied in Samvat 1655 (1598 A.D). The manuscript of SINHASANA BATTIST is of 1654 (1597 A D) There is a Gutaka copied in Samvat 1641 (1584 A D) which contains several small works of VOCARAJA a famous Hindi poet of 16th century.
Thus in the Sastra Bhandars of Bundi city there are more than 1200 manuscripts which shows that Bundi was once a centre of literary activities. The old name by which it had been mentioned in the Samskrit and HindI works is VRINDAVATI.
(95) JAINA SARASWATI BHAWAN, JHĀLARĀPĀŢAN'
The Grantha Bhandar is called by the name of Ailaka Pannā Lal Digambara Jaina Saraswati Bhawan, Jhalarapatan. The Bhandar was established by late Śri Panna Lal recently. Before this. there was no Bhandar. Panna Lal himself collected

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Grantha Bhandars of Kota Division
121
all these manuscripts from all over Rajasthan Bhandārs. There is a good collection of the manuscripts numbering 1436.
The manuscripts are mainly in three languages 1. c Samskrit, Prakrit and Hindi. The main subjects on which the manuscripts are there in the collection are Siddhant, Adhyatma Purana, Kavya, Kathā, Nyaya and Stotra. The earliest manuscript in the Bhandāris BHĀVA SANGRAH by Deva Sena copied in Samvat 1488 i.e. 1431 A.D, anp the latest manuscriptis RAJAMATI VIRAHA in Hindi copied in Samvat 1970 (1913 A.D).
The Sastra Bhandar is systematically arranged and manuscripts are placed in serial number and also subject-wise. Apart from these manuscripts, these is a good library of printed books also in which more than one thousand books are in the collection and which are issued to the readers for reading purposes.
NAIN AVA
Nainavā is an old town in Bundi District and at present it is a sub-divisional Head quarter. It is 32 miles from Bundi and connected with a road The town remained a literary centre from very beginning. The earliest manuscript written in this town 15 PRADYUMNA CARITRA'. It was copied in the year 1461 A. D. when Allauddin Khilji was the emperor of Delhi. At present there are three small Grantha Bhandārs which contain only 221 manuscripts But from the manuscripts it appears that in the past 1. e from 15th to 19th century the town remained a great literary centre.
Kesava Singha who was a Hindi poet of 18th century and wrote more than 10 works, composed his one work BHADRA BAHU CARITA in the year 1716 A.D. at Nainava. It was described by the name of LOCANAPURA by him in his work in che following wav -
लोचनपुर शुम ग्राम मे, सिघराज जिनधाम । बुद्धि प्रमाण लिख्यो मुझे, जपिये श्रीजिननाम ।।१।। भाइ करो मुझि उपरै, दोष हगे भगवान । मगन नगण-मादिक सहु, ध्याऊ श्री जिनवारिण ॥२॥
1. Catalogue published in the year 1943.
2. Prasasti Sangraha Amer Sastra Bhandar Jaspur P. 138.

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122)
Jaina Grantha Bhandare in RajasthÅB,
Several manuscripts which were copied here are preserved in the Grantha Bhandārs of Bündi, Kogă, Dabalană, Indergarh, Amer, Jaipur, Bharatpur, Kama etc. Such as the manuscript of NĀYA KUMĀRU CARIYA of Puspadanta was copied in the year 1471 A.D. is preserved in the Grantha Bhandar of Badhicand Temple, Jaipur. The manuscript of SIDHA CAKRA KATHA copied in the year 1458 A.D. is also in the same Grantha Bhandar.
Some of the manuscripts which were copied here in the 18th and 19th century are as follows:
S. No.
Name of the manuscript
Author's name
Date of Writting
Samadhı Tantra Bhasa
Parwata Dharmarthi
1719 A.D.
Kriya Kośa Bhasa
Kısana Singh
1757 A.D
Parsua Purāna
Bhudhardasa
1809 A.D.
Purūsartha Sidhyupāya Bhasa
Todarmal
Samayasāra Natak
Banarsidása
1807 A.D. 1841 A.D. 1791 A.D.
Pūjá Sangraha
Däna Katha
Bharamalla
1880 A.D.
Pindava Purana
Bulakıdasa
1784 A.D.
9.
Tattwärtha Sutra Tiha
1831 A.D.
All these manuscripts are preserved in the Grantha Bhandars of Nainavā. A short description of these Grantha Bhandass is as follows:
(96) GRANTHA BHANDĀR OF BAGHERAWALA JAINA TEMPLE
The Grantha Bhandär situated in the Bhagherawăla Jaina temple is an old There is a collection of 104 manuscripts written in Samskrit and Hindi.
Bhand.
The main subjects on which they are written are Siddhant, Purāna, Carita and Puā. All the manuscripts are common generally available in the Jaina Bhandārs. But there is one Guçaka' in which the works of Hindi poets of the 15th, and 16th
1. पोथी की टीको लिख्यते वैशाख दुतीक सुदि १५ सवत् १६४४ गढ़ रणथम्भौर मध्ये ।

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Grantha Bhandara of Kota Division
centuries are written. The Gutakā was written in the year 1587 A.D. at Ranthambhore Fort. Some of the important works collected in the Gutaka are as follows:
(1) Sārśikhamani Rāsa by Bhattāraka SakalkIrti 15th century
(2) Neminātha Gita by Brahma Yasodhara 16th century. Pancendriya Gita by Jina Sena 16th century.
( 3 )
( 4 )
Neminatha Rajmati Veli by Singha dāsa 16th century. ( 5 ) Vairāgya Gita by Brahma Yasodhara 16th century.
There are 96 small works collected in the above Gutakā.
[ 123
(97) GRANTHA BHANDĀR OF TERĀPANTHI JAINA TEMPLE
There are 80 manuscripts in rhe Grantha Bhandar of this temple. Most of these manuscripts are written in Samskrit and Hindi and on the subjects like Purāņa, Carita and Pūjā. The manuscript of Sammeda Šihar Pūjā composed by Lal Cand pupil of Bhattaraka Jagat Kirti at Rewari in the year 1787 A.D. is an important one The poet gives his description in the following way :
देवेन्द्रकीति तत्पद बखान, शील शिरोमरिण क्रियावान | तिनके पद परम गुरणवान, जगतकीर्ति भट्टारक प्रात । शिष्य लालचन्द सुधी, भाषा रची बनाय | एक चित्त सुनै, पढे, भव्य शिव के जाय || ३५ ।। सवत् अठारासे भयो व्यालिस उपर जान,
पाच फाल्गुन शुक्ल कु, पूरण ग्रन्थ बखान ||३६||
रेवाडी शहर मनोग्य, वसे श्रावक भव्य सब,
श्रादित्य ऐश्वर्य योग, तैतीस पहर पूरण भयो || ३७||
Apart from these manuscripts there are three Yantras written on cloth in the 16th and 17th century. RISI MANDALA YANTRA is the earliest one. It was wiitten in the year 1528 A.D. The size of the Yantra is 22" x 23". The Praśasti given on the Yantra is as follow:
श्री श्री श्री शुभचन्द्रसूरिभ्योनम । श्रथ सवत्सरेस्मिन श्रीनृपविक्रमादित्यगताब्द सवत् १५८५ वर्षे कार्तिक वदी ३ शुभदिने श्री रिषिमन्डलयन्त्र ब्रह्म अज्जयोग्य प० महदासेन शिष्य प० गजमल्लेन लिखित । शुभ भवतु ।

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Jain Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthån
124 1
BRIHAD SIDHA CAKRA YANTRA was written in the year 1557 A D. by Brahma Lāhada pupil of Mandalacarya Dharma Kiru. The size of the cloth us 224" * 224". The third Yantra is of Dharma Cakra written in the year 1617 A D. at Nagaur? The size of the Yantra is 25" 25".
(98) GRANTHA BHANDĀR OF AGARWAL JAIN TEMPLE-NAINAVA
There is a small collection of 37 manuscripts only. Most of them aje accently written and placed in the Grantha Bhandir.
(99) GRANTHA BHANDAR DABĀLĀNA
Dabalanä is a village which is 10 miles from the west side of Bundy. The Grantha Bhandar is in the Jaina temple There is a collection of 423 manuscripts in the Grantha Bhandar From the manuscripts it appears that they were in the nossession of some Jaina Sadhu and after his death, they were brought here. The collection is very good froin the point of Hindi works The earliest manuscript is SADĀVASVAKA BĀLĀVABODHA by Hemd Hansa Gani It was copied in the year 1464 AD) at Ujjain The main subjects on which the manuscupts are available in the Grantha Bhandar are kivya, Carita, Katha. Rása, Vyakarana, Ayurveda, Jyotisa and Stoua Manuscupts copied in vorious places such as Bündi, Nainava, Gothāda, Icdergarh, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Sāgwara and Sisavāli are in good number. Some of the important manuscripts which have been discovered in the Grantha Bhandar are d under
(1) Adinatha Stavan -- by Mehau composed in the year 1442 A.D It is
in Hindi written in the praise of Ādinátha of Ranakpui Jaina temple.
। सवत् १६१४ वर्षे फाल्गुन सुदि ३ गुरुवासरे प्राविनि नक्षत्रे श्रीमूलमघे नद्याम्नाये
बलात्कारगरणे सरस्वतीगच्छे श्री कदकदाचार्यन्वये मडलाचार्थ श्री ३ धर्मकीर्तिस्तच्छिष्य ब्रह्म श्री लाहड नित्य प्रगमति वा तेनेद वृहत सिद्धचक्रयत्र लिखित ।
2. सवत् १६७४ वर्षे वैशाख पुदि १५ दिने श्री नागपुर मध्ये लिग्वापित धर्मचक्रयन्त्र । 3. HTTPkip aš au afarfa187 H HR 388faat ....fraflari 1

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Grantha Bhandars of Kota Division,
[ 125
(2) Inhāsa Sīra Samuccaya :-- written by Lala Dosa in the year 1586 A. D. It describes the short story of Mahabharat in Hindi poem.
(3) Sinhāsana Battisi by Sādhu Gayāna Candra. It is in Samskrit prose. The date of the work is not given but he quotes his teacher's name as Jinodaya Sūri :
( 4 ) Bhaktamār Stotra Bhasā - It is a Hindi prose translation made by some scholar. The date of the translation is also not given in the work. But the manuscript was copied in the year 1610 A. D., so it is definite that the translation was made prior to this date. The last portion of the translation is as follows
अथवा अकारि करी तुग उच्चैरतर जन प्रीत अथवा तेह पुरुष अनइ मानतुंग श्रीमक्तामरस्तवकर्त्ता श्रीमानतुगाचार्य प्रति श्रवशा मणी तेह पुरुष तणे परवश हू ती । तद्गतचित्तलक्ष्मी अजस्त्र निरतर समुप्पेत्ति प्रावइ । इति श्रीमक्तामर स्तोत्रं बालावबोध समाप्त । सवत् १६६७ वर्ष ।
( 5 ) Rāma Yaśaby Kesa Rāja It describes the life of Rama and Sitä according to Jaina Puranas. The work was composed in the year 1623 A D.' when the great poet Tulasidas died
1. सवन् सौरास तेतारा, राज अकबर साहि मुबारा ।
भई कृष्ण पछि प्रति से बात, माते बुद्धवार सुभ जात ॥
2
x
X
X
X
X
लालदास कहै करजोरि, मुति कति गुनी देहु जिमि खांरि । अस्थल नगर प्रागरो गाव, ऊधोदास पिता को नाव । जाति वानियो लालादास, भाषा करि वरन्यो इतिहास ||
सवत् सोलह श्रासोयरे, प्राछउ श्रासो मास ।
तिथि तेरसि प्रतरपुर माहि, प्राणी प्रति उल्लास ||

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126)
laina Giantha Bhandårs in Rajasthan.
110C) GRANTHA BHANDAR OF JAINA TEMPLE PARSWANĀLHA-INDERGARH
Indergarh is an old city of former Kotă state. It is on the main broad guage line of Western Railway from Kota to Sawai Madhopur. Previously it was a big Thukana of Kota state. but now it is only a sub-tehsil.
The Grantha Bhandār is situated in the Jaina temple Pārswanatha. There are 289 manuscripts in the Grantha Bhandir. The manuscripts collected in the Grantha Bhandār are mainly on religious subjects like Siddhānt, Stoira, Ācar Šāstra. Several manuscripts were copied in Indergarh itself which shows that previously there was ari angement for copying out the manuscripts The collection is an ordinary one

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CHAPTER IV
SUBJECTS DEALT WITH

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Subjects Dealt With
(
129
There is scarcely any province of Indian literature to which the Jainas have not contributed. Besides the religious they have developed a voluminous narrative literature. They have written epics, novels, dramas, bhajans and stories. Generally they have written in the simple language of the people, but they have indulged in highly elaborate style also. We find highly ornate court poetry. They have also produced important works of scholarship.
Almost the whole of the Agama literature written in Prikrit is available in these Bhandārs. Works on the principles of Jainism are numerous and are found in number of Giantha Bhandārs. The Jaina Ācāryas and scholars created a pretty laige literature on duties of householders and those of homeless ascetics. This is also called Ācāra sastra. Then there are hundreds of works written on the lives of Tirthankaras and other great personalities of Jaina Mythology. They are called Purānas and Caritas The number of stories illustrating Jaina proverbs is also quite large and some of them are excellent There are works collectively called Katha Kosas TREASURY OF STORIES written by the various authors
Manuscripts on logic and philosophy are also in a large number. The Jaina Acārya's contribution in this respect is tremendous. The works of Acārya Samantabhadra, Vidyānandı, Aklanka, Haribhadra Sūri and Hemcandra etc. were very popular and their works have been collected in several Grantha Bhandars. Manuscripts in these Bhandārs are not limited to only Jaina logie and philosophy but works like Vedāntasār of Sadānand Muklāwali of Viswanatha and Tarkasangraha of Annam Bhatta are also preserved There are numerous manuscripts on Yoga and Adhyātma. The Pūíă literature has been popular from about the 10th century, so the scholars took much interest in creating such literature And hundreds of manus cripts on Pūļā were written and preserved in Jaina Grantha Bhandārs. There is not a single Bhandār where this kind of literatu.e is not available
Apart from these religious as well as secular subjects, there is also a good number of manuscupts which deal with the general subjects. There are hundreds ol manuscripts wiitten on astronomy, astrology, metrology, and medicines. On these subjects there are works written both by Jaina and non-Jaina authors. Works relating to grammer are also many. Manuscripts on the interesting subjects like Art and Architecture, Dances and Dramas are also in good number
AGAMA & SIDDHĀNTA LITERATURE
The collective term given by the Jainas to their sacred books is Agama or Siddhant. The two important sects hold different opinions about this literature.

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Subjects Dealt With
[ 131
groups, just like the Thānanga except that in this case the numbers do not stop at 10 but go a long way beyond 100 as far as a million.
The fifth Anga called Bhagwati Viyaha Pannattı (Vyakhya Pragnaplı) explains the dogmatics of Jainism in the form of questions and answers and also in the form of dialogues. This work presents a detailed picture about Lord Mahāvira, his relationship to his disciples and contemporaries.
Nayadhammakahā (Jnátadharma Kathā) is the 6th Anga. It is divided in two parts. The first book consists of 21 chapters. The main subjects dealt with in this book are religious tales to give examples.
The seventh Anga is the Uvasagadasão (Upāsakadeśāh). It describes legends which are told of ten house holders who were related to highly respectable families and who became lay adherants.
The eigth Anga Amtagadadasão (Antaksddasah) describes stories of pious
ascetics.
Amuttarovavăiyadasão (Anuttaraupapātıkadasah) is the ninth Anga and narrates in thirty three lessons or Adhyayans the lives of monks of an equal number of persons.
The tenth Anga, the Panhāvāgaranaim (Praśna Vyākarana) means questions and explanations. In this Anga principles of Jainism are explained.
The eleventh Anga Vivāgasuyam (Vipak Śrutam) 1. e. the texts of the ripening contains legends on the retribution for evil deeds.
The last of all is the 12th Anga, the Dithivāya (Drşțivada) means the doctrines of various views. According to the Swetāmbaras this Ariga has gone astray.
THE UVĀMGAS (UPĀNGAS,
The Upangas consisting of a group of 12 texts have mutual relation with Angas. But according to Dr. Winternitz, though they are termed as Angas and Upåñgas yet they fail to reveal any mutual relation between them and collection is newly external. Three Upangas like JAMBUDDIVAPANNATTI, CANDAPANNTTI. SORAPANNATTI, (Jambudvipa-Prajnapti, Candraprajaapti, & Surya-Prajnapti) deal with astronomical views of Jainas. The dates of these Upangas are not traceable

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But they are unanimous in calling them the Angas 1.e. limbs (of the body of religion). The number of these Angas is twelve.
According to the Digambara Jainas whole of the Dwādaśānga Sruta is not available and the 12th Anga Ditthivāya only is preserved in parts. But according to the Swetambar Jainas all the twelve Angas except the 12th Anga are available.
All the Āgamas are written in Prākrit which is known as Ārsa Bhăşā i.e. the language of the Rsis or Ardha Māgadhi 1. e. half Māgadhi, the language in which Lord Mahavira himself preached his principles. It is true that the Āgamas which we have today are not exactly the same which were composed several centuries ago, as they have undergone some changes. But such as are available at present confirm to their critical additions prepared under the supervision of Devardhigani Kšamā Sramana a Swetambar Ācārya of the century.
THE ANGAS
The Angas are the oldest parts of the canon. They have older traditions quite intact, without a change Jacobi puts forth the evidence of language and the metres which according to him are archaic. He remarks "I am of the opinion that the first book of ĀCĀRANGA SOTRA and that of the SOTRA KRATĀŅGA may be recokned among the most ancient parts of Āgam literature. The style of both works appears to me to prove correctness of this assumption'."
ACĀRĀNGA SOTRA? is the frst Anga which describes the way of life of of a monk It is dlvided in two sections. The first section is earlier than the second Its written both in prose and verse
The second Anga is the SOYAGADANGA (Sūtra Kratănga) and treats of the precious life of the monks and is mainly devoted to the refutation of heritical opinions.
In the third Anga, the Thānanga (Sthānanga) various themes of religion are dealt with in numerical order. These enumerations sometimes contain parables in a nut shell.
The fourth Anga, the Samvāyanga is in a way continuation of the third, the subject matter of the first two third of the work being arranged in numerical
1 SBC Vol. 12 inter. P. XII Winterditz Op. cit. pp. 435-41)
2
Jaina Grantha Bhandar, Jaisalmes

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Jana Grantha Bhandārs in Rajasthan.
from any of the source, as they do not provide a clue to the dating of these texts. But we may not be wrong in ascribing to the Upangis a period later than the Chod Sutras
The subject matter of the twelve Upāngas is purely dogmatic and mytho. logical. The first Upānga is the Uvavāıya (Aupapätıka) which contains two parts. The first part describes the sermons of Mahavira, which deal with the results of good and evil deeds in four forms of existence as inhabitants of hell, animals, humanbeings, and Gods The second part describes journeys performed by Indrabhūti Gautama for learning the sermons of Mahīvira regarding various rebirths. The second Upanga, the Raja Pasenapa (Rāja Prasniya) deals with various matters such as pilgrimage of the God Suriyabha to Muhāvīra and dialogues between King Paesi and the monk Kost. The thd Upinga is Jiväbhigama which descubes the doctrine of living and lifeless things the fourth Upanga PANNAVAŅĀ (Prajnapanā) has classified the human beings under Ārya and Barbarians
The fifth, sixth and seventh Upānga are Scientific works dealing with astronomy, geography cosmology and the division of time. The last five Upāngas com brised the ove sections of one text entitled Nirayāvalı Suttam. The eighth narrates how the ten hall brothers of the King of Campā namely Ajātasatru were killed by their Grand father Vesāli in the battle against him and after their death were reborn in the various hells The ninth Upånga KAPPAVADAMSIAO (Kalpavatanskih) gives an account of the saine King's sons who were converted to ascetic life and afterwards got different heavens. The tenth Upānga PUPPHIÃO gives an account of the Gods and Goddesses who drove earth-wards in order to pay homage to Lord Mahāvīru Io the 11th Upinga-Pupphião, ten similar stories are told And the last 12th Upanga VANHIDASÃO deals with the conversion of the twelve punces by the saint Althanemi.
IIN PAINNAS (PRAKIRNAS)
The group of ten texts called Painnas are stray or scattered principles. They deal with tople like proper and improper forms of death, essential duties of a monk, confession and remuneration of faults, the offering respects to the Arhat, Siddha, Sadhu, and Dharma and details about Gods etc. The time of their composition is also not certain. Whether these were brought into present form before Upingas or after Upangas, is also not certain but it is said that these came into existence alongwith the Upangas
1. History of Indian Literature by Winterditz. part II.

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The CAUSARANA (Catusaraña) deals in 63 verses with the prayers by means of which one may take the four fold refuge. AURA-PACCAKKHANA (Ātürpratyä Khyāna) means the sick one's refusal while MAHĀ PACCAKKĀNA means the great refusal, a formula of confession and renunciation. In the Bhattaparinnā (Bhakta-Parijnă) and Samthāra there are numerous legends of grievous sinners who did not adopt vows to get rid of re-births. The Tamdula Veyalıya is the dialogue between Lord Mahavira and Gautam Gandhara on various topics such as physiology aud anatomy, the ten ages of man etc The Camdavijjhaya, the sixth Painnas deals with teachers and disciples mainly on discpline. The Devimdatthaņa gives a classification of the Kings of Gods according to their group and residence etc. Gani Vijya (Gani Vidyā) deals with astrology while VIRATTHARA (Virastava) contains an enunciation of the names of Mahāvīra
SIX CHEYA SUTTAS (CHEDA SOTRAS)
The Group of 6 texts going under the name of Cheya Suttas (Cheda Sūtra) also form a group in the cannon. According to Dr. Winternitz, these did not perhaps form a group in the canon, until a later period, as it is not always the same texts which are placed in the group. The first two sutras i.e. Nišiha and Mahanıśiha describes rules regarding confession and penance which are emphasised as the most important steps towards liberation. They deal with the sufferings of the beings in connection with the doctrine of Karma. The third, fourth and fifth Cheda sutras are regarded as the earliest portion of the canon. These three texts are treated by tradition as one book (Srutaskandha), the fifth Cheda Sūtra Kappa known as Kalpa Sūtra of Bhadra Bahu, is one of the most famous work available in the Swetămbar Grantha Bhandārs. It is divided into three sections. Section one contains the life of the Jinas and the main portion of the work is covered by the biography of Lord Mahavira according to Swetāmbar Sect. The section two of Kalpa Sūtra describes the list of schools (Gana) their branches (Sakhā) and the heads of schools (Ganadhara) and the section three contains rules for the ascetics. Kalpa Sutra is very much popular among the Jainas and as such its manuscripts are found in most of the Bhandārs.
THE FOUR MOLA SUTTAS (Mula Sûtras)
Out of the four mûla sūtras, the first three Sūtras are important even from literary point of view. The first section Uttarājjhayana (Uttaradhyana Satra) consists 36 sections which deals with various topics such as birth as human being, instruction in the religion, faith in the religion etc. The second Müla Sūtra Avassaya or Sadavasyaka Sätra describes six essential daily duties of a Jaina. The third Müla

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Jaina Granths Bhandārs in Rajasthan
Sutra Dasaveyalya deals with mainly monastic discipline. The third sutra is also connected with an abundant narrative literature. The fourth Mula Sätra the Pimda Nijjutti is usually mentioned sometimes also the Oha Nijutti and occasionally the Pakkh. They describe about the pious life and of subjects of discipline.
The Nandi and Anuyogadvāra wre sometimes counted amongt he Painnas but they dle usually mentioned either before or after the Müla Sūtra as independent texts standing outside the groups. Both works which should be known by a Jaina monk are huge encyclopaedias dealing with everything
Thi Agama literature of Digambārs as already said previously does not exist at present except some parts of the 12th Anga called Digthivāya Under the Āgumika literature, comes Gunadharacırya's Kasāya Pähud and Puspadant Bhutablis Şat Khandakam These two works have commentaries written by Acārya Virasena and his pupil Jinasena are called Dhavala, Jaydhavală and Mahādhavala. The manuscript copies of these works are only available in the Sāstra Bhandar of Mūdabidri
But the Digambars of the present day have voluminous works on this subicct which may be called as secondary canon or substitute canon which was wutten by the later Ācāryas and may be described as below
Ācārya Kunda Kunda wrote Daśa Bhakti and Asta Påhuda' in Prakrit language. In the third century Umāswami composed Tattwärtha Sutra or Tattwärthādhigama Sütia, the manual for the understanding of the true nature of things. The book is recognised as an authority and is read by all Jainas at their residence and temples. It is an excellent summary of Jaina domatics. There are several commentaries written by both scholars of Digambars and Swetämbars. Among Digambars commentaries written by POJYAPĀD, AKLANK, and VIDVĀNANDI are called SAWĀRTHA SIDDHIP RĀJWARTIKA and SLOKA VARTIKA.
Among the other authors, Ācārya Vattakera wrote Mülācāras which describes and lay down rules of daily life of the Sadhus and householders. Some say that it is a sort of compilation by a little known author called Vattakera, MOLĀCĀRA PRADIPA was composed by Bhattāraka Sakal Kirli in the year 1424 A.D.
| Gantha Suci Āmer Sastra Bhandar-Jaipur
2
to
ibid
5. Rajasthan he Šāstra Bhandaron ki Grantha Suci Part II page 166
6
Thid. page 166

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Bhagwati Aradhana' was composed by Shivärya or Sivakoti in Prakrit. It deals with the kinds of worship and may be called as an assence of worship. The work contains 2170 Gāthās.
Acarya Samantbhadra wrote Ratnakaranḍa Sravakācār, in Samskrit. It is very famous and widely circulated book amongst the Jainas. Prabha Candra wrote Samskrit Commentary on it.
Devasena, who was born in 894 A.D. wrote a manual of the Jaina faith entitled Darśanasara, Ārādhanāsāra, Tattvasara and Sravakācāra. All these works written in Apabhiramsa are preserved in Amer Śästra Bhandar, Jaipur Srāvakācāra is in Doha metre. All these works are yery much popular and are read with great interest.
Amitigati a famos scholar and pupil of Madhava Sena wrote Upāsakadhayayan called Amitigat! Śravakäcara and Panca Sangrah 4
Acarya Nemicandra, a teacher of the Minister Camundaraya in south India composed Gommtasaras in Prakrit. It is in two parts. The first part is called Jiva Kända, the second one is Karma Kanda. They are considered as authentic works on Jaina religion. A big commentary in Hindi was made by Pandit Todarmal in the 18th century.
In the first half of the 13th century, Asadhar was a great versatile scholar. The main work of the poet is Dharmamrit," "Nector of religion" which is in two parts. Sāgāra and Angara-Dharmamrata describes the duties of the layman living in the house and of the homeless ascetic. He himself wrote a commentary on his work in the year 1243 A.D. In the year 1503, Bhattaraka Gyan Bhuşan wrote Tattva Gyana Tarangini in Samskrit. It is a good book which explains principles of Jain religion
1 Grantha Suci Rajasthan ke Grantha Bhandar Part IV. p. 105.
-do
page 119. page 90.
-do
-do
p 41.
-do
-do
-do
2.
3
4.
5.
6.
7
p. 9
p. 12
P. 93

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The words Purana refers to stories of ancient times. The name of Purāṇa is applied to them to show that they are very old. In vedic literature the word Itihasa and Akhyāna have been used alongwith the word Purāṇa. According to the definition given in Hindu Purāņas, there must be five1 topics in every Purāņa i.e..
(1) creation of universe
(11) its destruction
(i) the genealogies of Gods and Ṛsis
(iv) the ages of manus, and
PURANA LITERATURE
(1) Brahmanda
(3) Märkandeya
(5) Bhavisya
(7) Brahma
(9) Varaha
(11) Vayu or Siva
(13) Nárada
(v) the history of solar and lunar races.
There are 18 main Puranas in Samskrit language. All of them were written by Non-Jaina authors. The names of these are as follows:
(15) Linga (17) Kürma
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan,
and
(2) Matsya
(4) Bhāgavata
(6) Brahma Vaivarta
(8) Vimana
(10) Visnu
(12) Agni
(14) Padma
(16) Garuḍa
(18) Skanda.
Except these 18 main puranas there are sub-puranas also which have been described in Garuda Puri na.
The Jaina Acaryas and scholars also showed their great interest in writing the Purana literature, though the aim of writing this kind of literature was not the same as that of Vedic scholars. The aim of Jain Purāņas is to describe the lives of 63 great personalities and as such the Puranas are called either after rhe name of particular Tirthankara or named as Padma Purana, Harivansa Purā ņa, Pandava
1. सर्गश्व प्रतिसगंश्च वशो मन्वन्तराणि च । वंशानुचरितचं व पुराणं पञ्चलक्षणम् ।

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Purára etc. In these Purāņas along with the lives of Tirthankara, the lives of other personalitis such as Rama, Krišna, Pāndavas etc. are also given. Therefore definition of Purāpa given by the Samskrit Acăryas does not apply to Jaina Purăņas. The Jaina Purānas describe the life of a particular personality in a good and artistic manner. Some Purāņas are written in such a fine language that instead of calling Purānas, they may better be called Kivyas. Purāņas written by Jinasenācārya, Gunabhadra, Swayambhu and Puşpadanta are such examples.
The Jaina Bhandārs of Rājasthān contain most of the Purāņas written by the Jain Ācāryas. Such Purāņas are written mainly in three languages i.e. Sanskrit Apabhramba and Hindi.
SAMSKRIT PURĀNAS
Ācārya Ravişena is belived to be the first Jaina scholar who wrote the first Jaina Purana namely Padma' Puråna in Vira Samvat 1204 1.e. 678 A.D. He was the pupil of Laksamanasena. The Purāņa has several Adhikärs containing 123 Chapters in all and a total number of śloka is about 18,000. It deals with the life of Råma who was among the 63 great personalities. In the beginning of 9th century there were two Jaina Ācārya namely Jinasena and Gunabhadra. Acārya Jinasena, the Guru of King Amoghavarşa (815 to 877 A.D.) wrote first part of the Mahapurăņa which is called Adipuräna? and deals with the life of Ādinātha the first Tirthankara and his son Emperor Bharata. Ācārya Guņabhadra completed the second part of the Mahapurăņa after the death of his teacher Jinasena. This part is called Uttarapurāņa'. Both the parts are the biographies of 63 'Greatmen' that is to say 24 Tirthankars, 12 Cakravartis and 27 Heroes (9 Baladevas, 9 Vasudevas and 9 Prativasudevas).
Acārya Jinasena II, composed Harivansapurāna' in the 8th and 9th century. This is a big work containing about 12,000 verses. In this work Life of Neminatha along with legends of Krişna and Balrāma are told in a Jainistic setting. As a matter of fact this is a Mahābhārat according to the Jaina faith.
1. Amer Sastra Bhandar ki Grantha Suci Jaipur. p. 87
2. Ibid. 3. Ibid.
p. 11. p. 15
4. Ibid.
p. 161.

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In the 12th century, the famous Ācărya Hemcandra wrote Trisasti Purusa Carita' which is also on the lines of Mahapurana. This puräna describes the life of 63 great men, It is divided in 11 Purvas and is regarded as one of the good works of Sarnskrit literature. In this century Kavi Asaga wrote two purănas. One is called Mahāvira Purānal, and the other is Săntinātha Purana which describe the life of Jaina Tirthankara Mahavira and Santinātha respectively. In the 15th century Bhattāraka Sakalkirti had been a great scholar and a man of versatile genious. He wrote more than 20 works in Samskrit. The names of Purānas written by him are Adipuräna', Uttarapurana', Mahāvirapurāna, Sūntinátha Purana', Mallnätha Purana' and Pårswa Purāna. All these Purānas are available in various Bhandārs of Rajasthān. He was one of the most famous scholars of his time. Brahma Jinadāsa was also a great contemporary scholar He was the disciple of Bhattāraka Sakalkittı. He wrote Harivansapurina' and Padmapurānalo. Brahma Kåmari ja wrote Jayakumar Purâna'2 in 1498 A D. The Purāna is divided in 13 sargas. Nemidatta wrote Neminātha Purana 3 in 1518 A. D. This work contains 16 chapters and deals with the life of Lord Neminātha and other personalities. Bhattāraka Subhacandra a great scholar of 16th century was the pupil of Bhaitāraka Vijaykirti. He wrote Padmanābha Purāna and Pāndava Puranas (1551 A.D).
In the 17th century Bhattāraka Dharmakirt wrote Padma Purana (1612 A.D) This work is divided in 24 Chapters. Bhattāraka Vadi Candra composed two Puranas one 16 Pānçava Purāņa 6 (1601) and the other is Pārsva Purāna.! Bhattāraka Sri Bhusana pupil of Vidya Bhusana wrote Pandava Puranas and. Cantinātha Purana'' (1602 A.D). Bhattāraka Candra Kirti of 17th century wrote Adinatha Purana20 on the life of Ādinātha, the first Tirthankara while Brahma Kesava Sena composed Karņāmrita Purāna2 in 1631 A. D. Bhattāraka Somasena wrote Padmapurāna which is also called Rama Purina2%. The work was written in Vairāth
1
Brihad Gyåna Bhandar, Jaisalmer
2 3 8
Bhattarkıya Sastra Bhandar, Nagaur to 7. Ibid. Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur to 10 Ibid.
9 11
Bhattarika Sastıa Bhandar, Nagaur.
12 to 13 Ibid. 14. Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur. 15 to 22 Ibid

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an old town in Rajasthān. The Purăna contains 24 Adhikärs. In this century Candra Kirti a pupil of Vidya Bhusana, a well known Bhattāraka of his time wrote Adipurāņa", Padma Purāņa2 and Pārswa Purānal. Ajinātha Purāņa* was written by Arunamani in 1659 A.D. in Jahănābāda The Puraña describes the life of Ajitanátha, the second Tirthankara. Brahma Krişna Dása was also a great scholar of the 17th century. He wrote Munisubrata Puranas and Vimla Purāņa in the year 1624 and 1617 A.D. Respectively,
PURĀNA WRITTEN IN APABHRAMSA
Apibhramsa was the language of the people for many centuries therefore there are also several Purāņas written in this language. The Apabhramsa works are mostly preserved in the Jain Bhandārs of Jaipur, Nagaur and Ajmer.
In the 10th century Puşpadanta was the most famous poet of Apabhraíša language. He wrote Mahāpurāna which describes the life of 63 Grcat persons of Jaina religion. It is divided into two parts. The first part is called Adipurāna and the second part is called Uttarapurāna. The Adipurāna consists 37 sandhis and the second part contains 65 sandhis. Puspadant wrote this Purana under the patronage of Minister of Raj Krişna third who was the ruler of Raştrakita dynasty It was begun in the year 959 A. D. and was finished in the year 965 1.e, complete six years were taken in writing this Kāvya. This Mahāpurāna remained so much popular among the Jainas that manuscript copies of this Purāņa are found in most of the Grantha Bhandārs of Rajasthan. There are 25 manuscript copies of this Purăņa in Grantha Bhandārs of Jaipur.
In the year 942 Padam Kirti wrote Pārswa Purāna which describes the life of Lord Pārswanatha, the 23rd Tirthankara. The Purāna is divided in 18 sandhis. There is one copy of this Purana in Āmer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur. The work is sull un-published.
In the 11th century Mahākavi Dhavala wrote Harivansa Purana a mammoth work. The Purana is divided in 122 Sandhis and contains about 18,000 verses.
1
Amer Šāstra Bhandar, Jaipur.
2
Ibid.
3. Bhaffärkiya Sastra Bhangar, Nāgaur.
4.
to
5.
Ibid,

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1
One manuscript copy of this Purana is in the collection of Jaina Sastra Bhandar Badā Mandır, Terapanthi, Jaipur.
In the 15th century Yaśah Kirti wrote Harivansapurānal and Paadava Puräna? in Vikram Samvat 1497 (1440 A.D.) and 1500 (1443 A.D.) respectively. Pāndava Purāņa was written in Nāgaur City at the request of Hansraj. The work is divided into 34 Sandhis and describes the life of Pandavas. The work Harivansapurana was written in Indrapura in the reign of Jalal Khăn There are 13 sandhis and the total number of Kadvakas is 267 The manuscript of both the works are in the collection of Amer Šāstra Bhandăr Jaipur and Bhațţărkıya Šāstra Bhandar Nagaur In the 15th century Srutakirti was famous writer of Apabhramhsa language. He wrote Harivansa puriña. The work is divided in 44 Sandhis. Radhu had been a great scholar of Apabhrarśa. He wrote more than 25 works in this language on Puran Literature. His works Părswa Purana, Padmapurana and Adipurāna are famous The manuscript of these works are available in Amer Šāstra Bhandar, Jaipur.
PURĀNAS IN HINDI
The Puranas which were previously written in Samskrit were later on translated into Hindi by the Jaina scholars because in the 17th century Hindi became the common language.
Kavi Thäkkur was the first Hindi writer who wrote Pārswa Purana in Hindi in 1595 A D It is very good work and describes the life of Lord Pārswanatha The only manuscript available so far is in the collection of Bhattārkiya Sastra Bhandat, Ajmer
In the 17th century Bulākıdāsa was a very good scholar of Hindi. His mother Jain inspired him to write some works in Hindi so he wrote Pandava Purana in 1697 A.D The work is regarded as one of the best work from the linguistic and literary point of view. It is divided in Sargas. The work was very popular and its manuscripts are available in most of the Jaina Bhandars.
1
Amei Sastra Bhandar Jaipur.
2
Bhattarkıya Sastra Bhandar, Nagaur,
3
Amer Sästra Bhandar, Jaipur,
3. Sästra Bhandar, Jain Temple Bada Mandir, Jaipur,

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There had been several scholars in the 18th century who wrote works on Pnräna literature in Hindi. Among such scholars Bhudhardāsa, Khuśálcand, Ajaya Raja, Daulat Råma are well known. Bhudhardāsa wrote Pārswa Purana in the year 1732. This is a very good work and is very popular. We find its copies in most of the Grantha Bhandărs of Rājasthān.
Dipa Cand Saha wrote Parmātma Purana in the first quarter of the 18th century. The manuscript is found in the Amer Śăstra Bhandar of Jaipur.
Khuśāla Cand Kålā was a Rajasthani Scholar. He lived in Sangāner and Amer and composed several works in Hindı. His works on Purāņa literature are Harivansapurana', Padmapurāna? and Uttarpurāņa. He wrote these works in the year 1723, 1726 and 1742 respectively. All works are in Hindi poetry and are read with great interest by the scholars. The manuscripts of these works are available in most of the Jaina Bhandārs of Jaipur.
Daulata Råma Käsliwal was wiso a Rajasthāni Scholar. He was born in Baswā, educated in Jaipur and composed his works in Jaipur and Udaipur. He wrote works of Adipurāna, Padmapurāna', and Harivansa Purana in Hindi prose in the year 1766, 1767 and 1772 respectively. Daulata Rāma was the first Hindi Jaina Scholar who wrote these Purāns in Hindi Prose. His language is elegant and polished and his way of description is marvellous. His works are quite popular all over the country. Among the Purānas his works are regarded as one of the best works written in Hindi prose.
Ajaya Raja a Jaipurian Scholar also wrote several works in Hindi. He composed Adipurāna? in the year 1740 in Hindi poetry. The manuscript of the work is available in Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
In the 19th century Kesari Singh wrote Vardhamāna Purina He lived in Jaipur and composed his works in the Jaina temple of Laskar, Bhagcand a poet of his time wrote Neminatha Purana in the year 1850. This deals with the life of Neminátha, the 22nd Tirthankar.
1. Šāstra Bhandar of Jaina temple Bada Mandır, Terapanthi, Ja.pur.
2. to
3. Ibid,
4. Sastra Bhangår of Jaina temple, Patodi
5. to 6. Ibid. 7. Sastra Bhandar of Tholia Jain Temple, Jaipur.

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The Puranas written in Hindi are very important from the point of view of the History of Hindi literature, They indicate the stages of the development of styles of poetry and prose from the end of the Sixteenth century onwards.
The term Kavya means any thing produced by a poet. It includes poems, fables lyrics, dramas and all othere forms of literature. But its use is narrowed down generally to a class of poetry, although its use with reference to other types is not forbiddan. The classical definition of Kavya is
1
Bhamah
Though the name can be applied to some other forms of literature also. Some of the Kavyas produced by Jaina poets and which are of very high order are briefly described below
2.
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
KAVYA LITERATURE
धर्मार्थकाममोक्षेषु वैचक्षण्य कलासु च ।
प्रीति करोति कीर्ति च साधु काव्यनिबन्धनम् ॥
JINA SENĀCARYA the author of Adipurāņa wrote Pärśwābhyudaya1 which describes the life of Lord Pärswanath. It is divided into four cantos and regarded as one of the best poems written by the Jaina writers. In this work there are preserved 120 stanzas of the Meghasandesa.
3
HARICANDRA is the author of the work DHARMASARMABHUDAYA2 in 21 cantos The Kavya describes the life of Dharmanatha a Jaina Tirthankara. The work is quite well known and its copies found in Several Sastra Bhandars. HIS other work is JIVANDHARA CAMPU3, a manuscripts of which is preserved in the Grantha Bhandar of Jaina temple Terapanthi, Jaipur. It describes the life of Jivandhar. In the 11th century Viranandi composed CANDRAPRABHA CARITA in Sak Samvat 943 (1021 AD) The poem describes the life of Candraprabha a Ja na lirthankara. It is divided into 15 cantos
Bhattarkiya Sastra Bhandar, Nagaur.
-do
-do
-
4. Amer Săstra Bhandar, Jaipur.

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DHANANJAYA wrote a poem RĀGHAVA PĀNDAVTYA' in which he described the story of Rāma and Pandavas simultaneously by taking recourse to pun. It is also famous by the name of Dvisandhāna Kávya. He lived in the 1st half of 10th century A.D. The poem is divided into 18 cantos.
Vägbhatta is the author of Nemi Nirvana Kávya? a poem in praise of Neminatha Tirthankara. The author flourished in about 1150 A.D. The poem is of very high standard.
Hemcandra is the author of several poems two of which deserve mention. One is TRIŞAŞTISALĀKĀ PURUŞ CARITA) and the other is Dvyasraya Kávya. The former is in ten parts and describes the 63 great personalities of the Jaina faith. The later gives a life of Kumārapäla, a poet's patron It is also known by the name of Kumārapāla Carita. The poem is divided into 28 cantos out of which first 20 are in Sanskrit and the rest in Prakrit.
Somadeva, a famous writer of Sanskrit, was the author of YASASTILAKA CAMPU, a Campu Kävya written in the praise of Yasodhara, a Jaina king. It is written in poems and prose and available in several Jaina Bhandārs specially in Jaipur, Āmer and NĀGAUR.
Arhatdāsa pupil of Pandit Āsādhar wrote Purudevas Campu in the 13th century. It describes the life of Ādinātha who is also called Purudeva. It is also in poems and prose.
Vikrama son of Sangam was the author of Nemidūta Kavya. This in an artificial poem in which the first three of every verse are composed by the author and fourth is supphed from Kalidas's Meghadoot. It describes the life of Neminātha. Guna Vijaya wrote the commentary on the poem.
Varanga .Carita' is the work of Jatacărya or Jatal Muni alias Simhanandı. It is divided into 31 cantos and describes the life of Jain King Varanga. Another
1. Bhaftärkıya sastra Bhandar, Nagaur 2. Ibid.
3. Brihad Gyan Bhandar, Jaisalmer. 4. Āmer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur. 3. Bhatļārksya Sastra Bhandar, Nagaur. 6. Amer Šāstra Bhandar, Jaipur. 7. Ibid.

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Varänga Carita' was composed by Vardhamana Bhattaraka of the Balatkārgana Sarasvatigacha of Múla Sangha. It is divided into 13 cantos.
Vardhamana Caritra also called Mahavira Caritra is the work of Kavi Acaga. This work is also mentioned under the title of Sanmati Caritra in the author's Santipuråna. The work is in 18 cantos and is said to have been composed in the year 910 A.D.
Vasanta Vilasa Kavya’ in 14 Cantos describes the life of the minister Vastupāla. It was composed in Samvat 1296 (1239 A.D) by Bălcandra Sūri pupil of Hari Bhadra Sūri of the Candra Gacha.
Apart from the composition of the Kävyas, the Jäina Scholars also wrote commentaries on the Kavyas written by the non-Jaina authors. Prakasa varsa wrot: commentary on Kiratarjuniya Kävya of Bhärvi. This is a rare commentary and available only in Amer Sastra Bhandar and Jaisalmer Bhandar Raghuvansa Kávva possesses three commentaries written by Dharmameru, Sumatt vijay and Caritra Vardhana. All these commentaries are available in Abhaya Jaina Granthālaya. Bikaner and other Bhandars Moreover yet another commentary written by Hemasűri is in Brihad Gyån Bhandár Jaisalmer.
Mallinātha Süni' and Vinay Candrawrote different commentaries on Meghadüta. The time of commentary written by Vinaycandra is 1664 (1607 A D).
There is a voluminous commentary on Naisadha Carita dated 1366 A.D. written by Jinarāj Sūri, the manuscript of which is available in Harisaya Gyana Bhandăr, Lohāwat (Jodhpur).
Mallinātha Suri is one of the most famous commentator who wrote commentaries on most of the Mahakavyas such as Raghuvansa, Kumarsambhava, Knātárjuniya and Sisupala Vadha.
1
Bhatjärkiya Sastra Bhandar, Nagaur.
2
Ibid
3. Brihad Gyana Bhandar, Jaisalmer, 4. Ibid.
3
Ibid.

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PRAKRIT & APABHRAMSA KAVYAS
There is a good number of Kavyas written in Prakrit and Apabhramsa, Vimal Suri was the first known Acārya, who wrote a Mahakavya Paum Cariya' in Prakrit language. It was composed in the Vira Nivána Saṁvat 5302 It contains 118 cantos and describes the life of Ráma according to Swetāmbar Jaina faith. Padma is the name of Răma One palm leaves manuscript written in the year 1141 A. D. is available in Brihad Gyana Bhandar, Jaisalmer. Swayambhu is the first poet of 9th century whose works written in Apabhramsa are available. He wrote two Kavyas. one is called PAUMCARIUS and the other is RITTHA ŅEMICARIU. Both the works are preserved in Amer Sastra Bhandār and Digambar Jain Mandir Badhicand Jaipur respectively Paumcariu is divided into five Kändas i. e. Vidyadhara Kānda Ayodhya Kanda, Sundara Kanda, Yudha Kanda and Uttar Kända. There are 90 sandhis in all the five Kāndas This is the Jaina Ramayana dealing with the life of Rāma. The work is regarded as one of the best work ever written in this language. The Ramayana written by Tulsidasa is divided into 7 Kändas i e Bálā Kanda, Ayodha Kānda, Aranya Kanda, Kışkindhå Kānda, Sundara Kanda, Lanka Kānda and Uttar Kända, The story of Tulsidasa's Ramayana though based on Balmiki Ramayana. but in several aspects it is similar to Swayambhu's PAUMCARIYU. The scholars like Mahapandit Rāhul is of the opinion that the word "wafuatfo" denotes that the poet Tulsidasa borrowed some story from the PAUMCARIU also.
The Rittha Ņemiciriu also called Harivansa Purana is a voluminous work having 112 Sandhis and 1637 Kadavakas. Some of the last Sandhis were written by his son Tribhuvan Swayambhu. Puspadanta the famous author of Mahapurana of 10th century wrote Jasahar Cariu and Naya Kumar Cariu. There are nine sandhis in Ņāya.Kumar Cariu and four sandhıs in Jasahar Cariu. These works are very popular among the public. Manuscripts of these works are available in several Bhandārs of Rājasthan.
Adinatha Carita' is a voluminous work of Vardhaman. In it there are 15000 gathas divided into five Chapters. The date of work is 1103 A.D. Santi Sūri
1. 2
Brihad Gyan Bhandar, Jaisalmer. re a r HTC at TR TETT बीरे सिद्धमवगए तमो निबद्ध इमे चरिय ।।
3 Published by Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan, Bombay. H. Brihad Gyan Bhandar, Jaisalmer.

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wrote in Prakrit PRATHAVICANDA CARITA in the year 1104 A.D. It consists of 7500 Gathas Nayanandi completed his Sudanśana Cariu (Sudarsana Carita) in Samvat 1100 (1043 A D) It is very fine work describing the life of Sudarsana a Jaina merchant There are 10 manuscripts in the Amer Sastra Bhandar. Kavi Vīra wrote JAMBU SWAMI CARIU (Jambu Swami Carita) in the year 1019. It is a fine work of Vira and Srangāra Rasa. The manuscript of this work is preserved in Amer Sästra Bhandar, and Sastra Bhandar Bada Mandir, Jaipur, Haribhadra Sūri wrote Mallinatha Carita and Candraprabha Carita in Prakrit and Neminaha Cariu in Apabhramsa. Laksmangani wrote Supasanah Carita in 1143 A. D., Gunabhadra and Somprabhäçarya composed Mahavira Carita and Sumatinatha Carita respectively in about 1190 A.D
Jaina Granths Bhandars in Rajasthan
Bhavisayatta Cantu is the work of Dhanapala German Scholar Dr. Jacobi felt interested in it and got it printed in Germany It is regarded a 11th Century work. The manuscripts of this work are preserved in good number in the Jaina Grantha Bhandars of Rajasthan.
CARITA LITERATURE
Carita literature can be placed between kavya hiterature and story literature: This is a light literature but does not consist only of stones. From the carita literature available in the Jaina Sastra Bhandars, it is noticed that before 12th century Kavyas written by the poets in difficult and alankärika language were preferied by the people but later on such difficult literature was not easy to be read so there was a general demand for lighter literature which might take the place of Kavya literature Though there was not a hard and fast rule that a Canta should be written in simple language without show of scholarship. It is also true that majority of the works of this kind of literature are easy and written in a very understandable language The Caritas which describes the life of individual Jinas are numerous in Samskrit. We shall describe some of the main works of this class which are found in the Jaina Grantha Bhanḍārs
Acarya Gunabhadra pupil of Acarya Jinasen' and writer of Uttarpurana wrote two works. Jinadatta Carita and Dhanya Kumar Carita1. These works describe the lives of Jinadatta and Dhanyakumar respectively.
1 Brihad Gyan Bhandar Jaisalmer.
2
Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur
4. Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
5 Grantha Bhandar, Terapanthi Mandi, Jaipur.
3
Ibid.

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.: In Samvat 1084 (1027 A.D), Nemicandra Sari wrote Mābåvira Carita'. Sürı is also known as Devendra Sūri. The earliest manuscript which is in the collection of Pāțân Bhandar is of Samvat 1236. (1179 A.D).
In the year 1197 Devasūri pupil of successor Dharma Ghosa Sūri, pupil of Sarvāṇand wrote PadmaprabhaCarita. It describes the life of Tirtbankara Padmaprabha in a very simple language.
Candraprabha Carita? is a Sarnskrit work composed by Davendra pupil of of Vijaya Singha Sūri of the Nagendra Gacha in the year 1207 A.D. The work is a popular one and is available in the various Bhandārs. Sarvånand Sūri composed two works namely Parswanātha Caritas and Candraprabha Carita in the year 1234 A.D. and 1245 A.D. respectively.
TRIŞAŞTI SMRITIS which describes the lives of 63 Salākā persons was composed by Pandit Āsādhar in the year 1235 A.D, at Nalahachapura. It is a very good and short work. It is popular and available in several Bhandāts and specially at Bhandars of Jaipur.
Arhatdasa pupil of Pandit Āsādhar composed MUNISUBRATA CARITA' which describes the life of Muni Subratanātha It contains 10 cantos. It is also called Kavyaratan, Padmaprabha pupil of Vivudhaprabha of Candra Kula composed in the year 1237 A. D. Munisubrat Canta'? It is also stated that Kunthanātha Carita was also composed by him. The Vāsupujya Carita was composed in Samvat 1242 A D. by Vardhana pupil of Vijaya Singh Sür. The work is very much popular and is in the collection of the various Bhandārs and specially, in Bikāner and Jaisalmer Bhandārs.
Santinātha Carita was composed by A,itaprabha Sūri in the year 1250. He was the pupil of Viraprabha Sun of Purnima Gaccha. The poem contains
1 Grantha Bhandar, Patan 2 Tapagachiya Gyána Bhandar, Jaisalmer.
3. Brhad Gyána Bhandar Jaisalmer 4 Ibid.
5
Sastra Bhandår, Digambara Jain Terapanthi Mandır, Jaipur
6.
Toid.
7. Grantha Bhandar, Nagaur.

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1
six cantos and about 5000 ślolas in all. It is very popular and preserved in the collection of most of the Bhandärs of the Swetămbar Jainas. Another Santinātha Carita was composed in Samvat 1322 (1265 A.D.) by Muni Deva Sûri pupil of Madan Candra Sūri. It is in Samskrit and is based on Devcandra's work. It was corrected by Pradyumna pupil of Kanaka Prabha. This work also remained popular and its manuscripts are in the collection of Jaisalmer, Bikāner and Delhi Bhandars.
Sri Dharmakumara pupil of Vibudhaprabha, successor of Somaprabha of the Nagendra Kula composed Sālıbhadra Carita. It is 10 seven cantos and was composed in the year 1277 A.D.
Padma Nābha Kayastha composed Yasodhara Cauta' in Siṁvat 1462 (1405 AD). The work was composed at the request of Kuśārāja Minister and at the advice of Sumatriti. Kusarāja was the Minister of King Vikrama of the Tomar family of Gwalior. The manuscripts of this work are preserved in various Bhandārs and specially in Jaipur, Ajmer, Nägaur etc. In Samvat 1463 (1406 A.D) Mänikya Sundar composed Sridhaia Carita. The author was the pupil of Merutunga of the Ancala Gacha. The work is divided into 10 cantos Pandit Gridhar wrote Bhāvişyadatta Carita? in the 15th century. The story of the work is popular one.
Vikramaditya Carita was composed in Samvat 1490 (1433 A.D.) by Subhašila, pupil of Munisunder Sūri of Tapā Gacha The work describes the life of King Vikrama, Sakal Kirti, a famous scholar and Bhattaraka of the 15th centnry wrote several works such as Yasodhara Carita, Mallinātha Carita, Jambu Swami Carta and Sudarsana Carita etc. He was a versatile scholar of his time. His works are very popular and are found in most of the Digambara Bhandars of Rajasthan Two illustrated manuscript copies of Yasodhar Carita are preserved in the Sastra Bhandats of Jaipur
Pandit Dharmadhar of 15th century wrote Nagi kumar Cárita. The manuscript of this work dated 1541 is available in the Jaipa Grantha Bhandar of Bada Mandır, Jaipur.
Jaisekhar Süri pupil of Mahendraprabha Suri of Ancal Gacha wrote Dhammil Caritra in the year 1405 A.D. Brahma Neminátha, a scholar of 16th century composed two works, one Karkandu Caritra and the other is Jambu Swami Caritra.
1
Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur,
2
Abhaya Granthalaya, Bikaner.

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Subha Candra was a famous scholar of 16th century. He was pupil of Bhataraka Vijaya Kirti. He is the author of several works out of which Karakandu Caritra', Jambuswami Caritra and Jivandhara Caritra are very much popular and manuscripts of these works are available in most of Digambara Bhandars. Rajmala wrote Jambuswami Caritrat in Samvat 1632 (1575 A.D.). Hemvijay pupil of Kamal Vijay of Tapàgacha composed Pårswanātha Caritra in Samvat 1631 (1575 A. D.) Sri Udaivijayagani wrote Parswanātha Caritra in the year 1597. Ravisena also wrote Pradyumna Caritra in the year 1518 AD The manuscript copy of the work is available in Amer Sastra Bhandar. Vadi Raja Suri wrote two Caritra works i.e. Yasodhar Caritra' and Pārswanātha Caritra Vidyanandı pupil of Davendra Kirti who lived in 16th century wrote Sudarsana Caritra?. Padam Sunder wrote Parswanātha Caritra in the 16th century. A manuscript dated 1615 exists in the Jaina Śåstra Bhandar of Bada Mandir, Jaipur.
In the seventeenth century Bhattārāka Jinendra Bhusana successor of Visva Bhuşana wrote Karkandu Caritra. Damodara Kavi pupil of Bhattaraka Dharma Candra wrote Candraprabha Caritra. Ratan Candra composed Pradyumo Caritra0 in Samvat 1671 1. e. 10 the year 1616 A.D. Neminātha Caritra in Sanskrit Prose was composed by Guna Vijay pupil of Kanak Vijay of the Tapa Gacha in Samvat 1668 (1611 A.D). It has thirteen Chapters and one copy of the manuscript is in the Jaisalmer Bhandar.
Bhattaraka Ratan Candra wrote Subhoma Caritra in the 18th century, Brahma Ajit, a famous writer of the 17th century, composed Hanumåt Caritra 2, the work is divided into eight chapters and deals with the life of Hanuman.
All the above works are written in easy and flowing style and were very popular when they were written and when Samskrit was widely read and understood by the people.
1. Sastra Bhandar, Terapanthi Mandir, Jaipur.
2 Ibid. 3. Ibid.
4. Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur. 5. to 7. Ibid. 8. Grantha Bhandar, Jain Mandir Bada Dhada, Ajmer.
9. Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur. 10. to 12. Ibid.

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Jaina Grantha Bhandārs in Rājasthän.
CARITA LITERATURE IN PRAKRIT & APABHRAMSA
Light literature written in Prakrit and Apabhramsa in the form of Caritas is also in good quantity and is available in the Jaina Sastra Bhandārs of Rajasthan.
Silacarya was the first scholar who composed Mahapurşa Carita in Samvat 925 (868 A D) in Präkrit. He was the pupil of Mahadeva Sūrī. The work describes the lives of the 63 great persons. Mahavira Carita in Prakrit was composed by Nemicandra Süri, in Samvat 1141 (1084 AD) It is in eight Chapters and was composed at the orders of Prasanna Candra Sūri pupil of Jina Candra Suri. The language of the work is simple and beautiful. The work also contains about 50 Apabhramsa verses.
Hart Candra Carita also called as Vijaycandra Carita, was written by Candraprabha Mahattara, pupil of Abhayadeva Suri of Khartar Gacha. It was composed at the request of Viradeva Gani and it is in two parts. Both are in Prakrit. The work contains stotries which ilustrate the SwetambarJain modes of Jina's worship Śri Santācārya composed Prathvi Candra Canta in Samvat 1161 (1104 A.D). Deva Bhadragani, pupil of Sumati Upadhayaya and Prasanna Candra wrote Pärswanatha Carita. The work is in Prakrit and contain five Chapters. It was composed in the year 1111 A D.
Yaśodeva pupil of Devagupta Suri composed Candradrabha Carita' in the year 1121. Virasuri composed Candraprabha Carita in Samvat 1138 (1081 A.D.) in Prakrit. He was the pupil of Siddhasuri One manuscript of this work written on palm leave and dated 1217, is preserved in Jaisalmer Bhandar. Haribhadra Suri pupil of Jindeva of Brihad Gacha composed Mumipati Carita in the year 1115. Laksmanagani pupil of Hemcandra Sui composed Suparsva Cari'ra in Samvat 1199 (1142 A.D). It is in Prakrit and contains about 8700 Gâthās.
Dhahila an Apabhramsa poet of 12th century wrote Paumsiri Cariu. He was the son of Parsva Kävi
Sridhar, a famous poet of 12th century composed three works in Apabhramsa Päsnäh Cariu, Sukamāla Cariu and Bhavisyatta Cariu2. The manuscrip.s of these three works are in the collection of Amer Sästra Bhandar. Devasanagani
2
1. Published in the Atmavallabh series No 9 Ambala.
Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
....

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composed Sulocană Carita in the same century. Mudi Kankämar is the author of Karakandu Carita. This is also a good work in Apabhramsa and available in Jaina Bhandars, of Amer, Ajmer and Nägaur.
Haribhadra Súri composed Mallinātha Carita in Prakrit during the reign of King Kumārpāla. Mahakavi Singh also called as Siddha wrote Pajuna Cariu. in Apabhramśa in the 13th century. Kavi Lakhu wrote Jinayatta Cariul in the year 1218. The work is in Apabhramsa and describes the life of Jinadatta, a Jain merchant.
Yasahkirti composed Candappaha Carita in Apabhramsa language. It was written on the request of Sidhpāla of Gujjardeśa. He described himself as Mahākavi. The manuscript is available in Amer Sāstra Bhandar, Jaipur.
Jaimitrahala wrote Vaddhamana Caritain the reign of Allahuddin Khilji. Narsena composed two works in Apabhramsa, one is Vaddhamāņa Katha and the other is Sripäla Cariu. He is supposed to be the poet of 14th century.
Pandit Raidhu is regarded one of the most famous poet of Apabhramsa language who wrote more than 25 works in this language. Dhanakumar Caritas Megheswar Carita, Sripāla Carita?, Sanmati Jina Carital, Neminātha Carita, Yasodhar Caritao, Jivandhar Carita', and Sukumal Caritala are some of his works available in Apabhraíśa language.
Männikka Rāja composed two works in Apabhraíśa one is Amar Sena Carita 3 and the other is Nägakumăr Carita". He completed Năga Kumara Carita in the year 1522. Amar Sena Carita and Năga Kumăra Carita were written on the request of Deva Raja Caudhari and Todarmal respectively.
Bhagwati Dăsa was the last poet of Apabhiamsa. He was a citizen of Delhi and completed his Mriganka ).ekhă Caritas in Samvat 1700 1.e. in the year 1643 A.D
1
Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur,
2. to
4. Ibid
1. Bhaffärkiya Sastra Bhandar, Nagaur,
6. to
12. Ibid.
13. Amer Sastra Bhandār, Jaipur.
14. to
15. Ibid.

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Jaina Granths Bhandars in Rajasthan.
CARITA LITERATURE IN HINDI
There are several works on Carita Literature written in Hindi and which are available in the Grantha Bhandais of Rajasthan. They describe the lives of great persons. These works are just like Kavyas in Samskrit and Apabhramśa.
Jambu Swami Carita seems to be the first work which was composed by the poet. Dharma in the year 1209 AD. It is preserved in Abhaya Granthalaya,
Bikaner.
Jinadatta Carita' is another work in Hindi which was composed in the year 1297 A.D., by the poet Ralha o Raja Singh. The work describes the life of Jinadatta in 554 stanzas. Only one manuscript has been discovered so far which is kept in the Săstra Bhandar of Jaina temple, Patodi, Jaipur. Neminatha Caupai was written by Vinaya Candra Suri some where between 1296 to 1301. This is a short work on the life of Neminatha written in Caupai metre.
Pradyumna Carita was composed by the poet Sadharu in Samvat 1411 (year 1354 A.D.) This is regarded as one of the first works of Braj Bhasa in 701 stanzas. It is a kind of Sapta Sati. Pande Jinadasa wrote Jambu Swami Carita' in 1587 A.D. It is is a very good work which describes the life of Jambu Swami.
Rămcandra who is famous by the name of 'Balaka' is the author of Sita Carita. It is a big work written in Hindi poem and was completed in the year 1716 A.D. Lakhamıḍāsa and Khuśāla Canda Kala wrote Yasodhar Carita in the year 1724 A.D. Both the works have been found in the Sastra Bhandar of Jain Terapanthi Baḍā Mandir. Khuśāla Canda Kālā also wrote Dhanya Kumar Caritas and Jambu Swami Carita. Parimall was a Hindi writer of 17th century. He composed Sripala Carita'. Cetanakarma Carita was written by Bhaiya Bhagwatidāsa of Agra in the year 1675 A.D. It is an interesting work. Kisana Singh wrote Bhadrabahu Carita in the year 1723 A.D. It describes the life of Bhadra Bahu, the last Śrutakevali.
1. Published by Digambar Jain Atisaya Kšetra Mahavirji, Jaipur.
2. Sastra Bhandar Khandelwal Pancãyatı Mandir, Kāmā (Raj.)
3 Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
4 to 8. Ibid.
9. Sastra Bhandar, Digambara Jain Terapanthi Mandir, Jaipur.

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Parihānand contributed a work Yasodhara Carita' in the year 1613 A.D. Another Yašodhara Carita2 was also composed by Ajairaj in 1735 A.D. Bhattāraka Vijay Kirti wrote Śreņika Caritas in the 1767 A.D. "He was the Bhattaraka of Ajmer Gádi and took a great interest in collection of the manuscripts. His other work is Jambuswămı Carita which was composed in the year 1770 A.D.
Kalyāna Kirti was the writer of Cārudatta Caritas in the year 1635, A.D. It describes the life of Cărudatta, a true lover of Basantsenā. Jodhrāja Godika wrote Pritinkara Carita at Sångàner in the year 1664 A D. Pannalal Caudhar), the famous Hindi translator of 19th century translated the following works in Hindi.
1. Jambuswămi Carita? in the year 1873 A D.
2. Jinadatta Caritas in the year 1874 A.D.
3. Jivandhar Carita' in the year 1877.
4. Gautama Swami Caritaso
Nathmal Vilalā wrote two works as Jivandhara Carita and Mahipala Carita, Both the works are available in the Giantha Bhandar of Jaina Temple, Påtodi.
HINDI WORKS ON RĀSA LITERATURE
There is a large literature on the subject like Råsa written in Hindi by the Jaina writers. As a matter of fact, we find that the earliest works in Hindi were written by them. Here we shall give a brief history of such works.
1
Grantha Bhandar of Tholiya Jaina Temple, Jaipur.
2. Ibid. 3. Bhattărkıya sastra Bhandar, Nāgaur.
4. Amer Śăstra Bhandar, Jaipur.
5. Šāstra Bhandar Jaina Temple Patodi, Jaipur.
6. Grantha Bhandar, Terapanthi Jaipa Temple, Jaipur.
7. 60
10. Ibid.

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Bhärteswar Bahubali Rása' seems to be the first work written by Salibhadra Sori
in the year 1184 A.D. The work describes the battle which was fought between Bharat and Bahubali.
Candanbālā Rāsa :-was composed by poet Asagu in about 1257 A.D. The
manuscript exists in the Brihad Gyana Bhandar, Jaisalmer,
Stholi Bhadra Rasa :-was written by Dharma in the year 1209 A.D. The manus
cript is preserved in the Abhaya Granthalaya, Bikäner.
Rewāptgiri Rasa :-was composed by Vijaya Sena Sûri. It describes the historical
importance of Rewântgiri Tirtha and was composed in the year 1231 A.D. The manuscript is available in Păţan Bhandar.
Neminātha Rasa -by Sumatigani written in Samvat 1270 i. e. 1213 A.D. The
manuscript of the work exists in the Brihad Gyöna Bhandar, Jaisalmer.
Gaja Sukumäla Rasa -was composed by Delham, pupil of Jagat Candra Sūrs.
The date of the work is not given but as the time of Jagat Candra Sûri is about 1243 A. D. so the time of the poet may be 1255 to 1265 A.D. The manuscript is available in the Abhaya Granthalaya, Bikaner.
Gautama Rasa was written by Vinayprabha in the year 1355 A.D. The work remained favourite among Jainas and so its manuscripts are preserved in several Bhandars.
Bhattaraka Sakal Kirti was the great scholar of Sanskrit, but he wrote some works in Hindi also. He wrote Solah Kårana Rasa in the 15th century.
In the same century Brahma Jinadasa was a great scholar who wrote more than 30 Rāsas. He was the pupil of Bhattāraka Sakal Kirti. Some of the names of the Rásas together with their short description are given below :
(A) Karma Vipäka Rasa! :-It describes the fruits of Karmas and on the basis of
actions. It narrates the stories of Rama, Sita and other great personnels
1. Abhaya Granthälaya. Bikaner.

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(B) Sudarsana Rasa :-This is a Rasa on the life of Setha Sudarsana who was famous for his character.
(C) Śrīpāla Rasa :-This book describes in short the life of Sripala and his wife Maina Sundari.
(D) Ambikă Răsa3 :-Ambika is a Jaina Goddess. It is in praise of the same.
(E) Jambu Swami Rasa :-The Rasa describes the life story of Jambu Swami who had been a Jaina Sadhu in his young age.
(F) Hanumata Răsa' :-Hanumana is also regarded a great person in the Jaina mythology. The Rasa describes his life in short.
(G) Holi Rasa :-It deals with the story of Holi according to the Jaina version. (H) Samyaktva Rasa? :-The Rasa gives some stories according to the Jaina faith.
(1) Ratri Bhojana Rasa :-The book describes the demerits of taking food in night on the basis of story of Nagasri.
(J) Ajitanatha Rasa :-This describes the life of Lord Ajitnatha, the second Tirthankara.
(K) Nagakumāra Rasa 10 :-The life of Nagakumara is dealt with in this Răsa.
(L) Jivandhara Răsa" :-It describes the life of Jivandhara who is amongst the 169 great persons.
(N) Nemiśvara Rasa2 :-The Rasa describes the life of Neminatha, a Jaina Tirthankara.
(0) Rāmāyana Rasa13 :-This is a short story of Rāmāyana according to Jaina
version.
1. Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
2. to 3. Ibid.
4. Agarwal Pancāyati Mandir Ŝästra Bhandar, Udaipur.
5. to 11. Ibid.
12. Sastra Bhandar, Terapanthi Mandir, Jaipur.
13. Agarwal Pancayat! Mandir Sastra Bhandar, Udaipur.

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fp). Dharmaparikšā Råsa! :-It is a summary of Dharma Parikśă written by
Amitigati in Samskrit.
(0) Bhavaisya-Datta Räsa? :- This Rása describes the life of Bhavisyadatta.
(R) Sukumāla Swami Rāsa:-This Rāsa gives the life of Sukumäla Muni, who
is famous for his penance.
Ācārya Jinasena completed his Neminátha Rāsa in the year 1501. It is a very short book and available in the Sastra Bhandar of Jaina temple Bada Mandır.
The 16th century was notable period for the writing of the Råsas. Brahma Rayamalla, pupil of Bhattāraka Ananta Kirtt wrote six Rāsas. All these Räsas are very important from the linguistic point of view, the names of the Rāsas ase as follows :
1. Nemisvara Rāsa composed in 1558 A.D.
2
Hanumat Răsa composed in 1559 A.D.
3. Pradyumna Rāsa composed in 1571 A.D.
4
Sudarśana Rāsa composed in 1576 A.D.
5
Sripāla Rāsa composed in 1573 A.D.
6, Bhavisya Datta Rāsa composed in 1576 A.D.
All these Rāsas are available in the Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
Rūpacandra a famous Hindi poet of the same century wrote Neminātha Răsa. The work though a small one, describes the life of Neminātha in an artistic way. Tribhuvana Kiti is the writer of Jivandhara Rāsa'. It was completed in the year 1547 A,D. Vidyabhusana wrote Bhavisya Datta Räsa in 1543 A.D. The work contains 525 stanzas,
1. Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
1. to
9. Ibid.
4. Amer Såst a Bhandar, Jaipur.
5. Ibid
6. Grantha Bhandar Jain Temple, Duni.

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Bhattáraka Gyana Bhúşana a famous scholar of 16th century wrote Şatkarma Rāsa' in Hindi. Bhattáraka Subha Candra completed Palya Vidhan? Răsa in the 16th century. Sumatı Kirti belonging to the same period completed Dharma Parikśá Rása: in the year 1568 A.D. He also wrote Lunkámata Nirākarapa Rasa but he has not given the Date.
Bhattāraka Ratna Kirti was a 16th century scholar. He wrote Neminātha Räsa in a fine manner. Brahma Gyāna Bhūsana composed Hanumat Carita Rasa in the year 1973 A.D. The work describes the life of Hanumana according to the Jaina faith. Sitaharan Råsa was written by Jayasāgar pupil of Mahicandra. Vijaya Deva Sori completed his work Sila Rasa in the same century.
In the 17th century Anjana Rasa was written by Saati Kušal in the year 1610 A.D. In the same year Jayakiri also completed his Aklanka Yati Rása. After its 5 years Matsågar completed his work Dhanna Sali Bhadra Rāsa? in the year 1615 A.D. This work was popular among both the sects and its manuscripts are preserved in various, Bhandārs. Sanat Kumära Råsa was completed in the year 1620 A. D. by Pása Canda. Bhatțăraka Jayakirti wrote Vanka Cúla Räsa' in 1628 A.D. Thus we see that in the 17th century also the system of writting the Rasas remained prevelent among the Jaina poets.
In the 18th century Sanghi Daulata Räma of Bündi wrote Vrata Vidhāna Rāsao. It describes the short stories on various vows.
ADHYATMA LITERATURE
In the Jaina Bhandārs of Rajasthån, works on Adhyatma or spritualism are available in good number. As a matter of fact, in every work written by a Jaina
1 Grantha Bhandar Ag awal Pancayati Mandir, Udaipur.
2
to
4. Ibid.
5. Graotha Bhandar Sambhavanátha Jaina Temple' Udaipur.
*. Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
7. Šāstra Bhandar, Tholia Jaina Temple, Jaipur.
8. Grantha Bhandar, Sambhavanatha Jaina Temple, Udaipur.
9. Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
10. Ibid.

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)
authors there is some matter which relates to Adhyatma. According to the Jaina principle, soul is the king of the body, which is nothing but a collection of matter or Parmanus. One who loves this body cannot get rid of the cycle of death and birth. There is no difference between common person's soul and supreme soul, but there exists only a difference of Karmas. The soul of a common person on account of ignorance does not realise its nature as different from body. Every soul possesses a power to become supreme soul. As the Jaina theory does not believe in God as the creator or destroyer of the world hence there is a large literature dealing with with soul.
SAMSKRIT WORKS
Acirya Gunabhadra, the author of Uttara Purina is one of the carliest Samskrit scholar (10th century A.D.) who wrote Atmānusasan'. It deals with the soul and its functions, if it lives within the body. The work is of a high standard It contains 270 stanzas. The work is very popular and its manuscripts are found in most of the Jaina Grantha Bhandars. Parswanag also composed Almănušaşan in Sanskrit in the same century I e. 985 A.D. It contains 77 Kātikās and the manuscript exists in the Jaisalmer Grantha Bhandar.
Yogasära divided into nine Chapters and written in samskrit is ascribed 10 Amitigati a famous scholar of Samskrit Literature. The other name of the work is Gitavitarāga. This is a didactic poem written in very simple language and consisting mainly of moral instructions. He also wrote a Sāmāyika Pătha3 which is also full of Adhyatma material. Amrita Candra a samskrit scholar of 10th century wrote commentaries on Samayasár, a famous work on Adhyātma literature, in prose and poetry, which is called Samayasır Vratu and Samayasara Kalasa. Both the commertaries are very popular and are read with great interest.
Muni Sundar Sürt of Tapăgacha (1379 to 1486) wrote Adhyatma Kalpadrum in Samskrit. The work is divided into 16 Chapters
Yalovijaya, pupil of Naya Vijay belonging to Tapāgacha composed Adhyåtmasära. It is divided in seven chapters and the total number of Slokas appearing therein is 948. The manuscript is in Jaina Grantha Bhandārs of Bikāner.
1. Published from Jauna Grantha Ratnākar Kiryalaya, Bombay.
2. Published from Bhartiya Jaina Sidhant Prakasual Sanstha, Calcutta.
3.
Ibid.

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In the Thirteenth century Aśādhara composed Ādhayatma Rahasya, in Sanskrit poetry. It is very good work which describes the relations of soul with the body The manuscript of this work has been recently found in Jaip Sastra Bhandar, Ajmer.
In the beginning of the 17th century Rajamal wrote Adhyātma Kalpadrum a work of high standard on Adhyāima. It is in four Chapters containing about 200 ślokas in all.
Somdeva a fomous Samskrit scholar also wrote Adhyatma Taranginn which deals with this subject Yasovijaygani of the Tapāgacha wrote ĀdhyatmaUpnišat which is completed in four Chapters containing 77, 65, 44, and 32 stanzas respectively
WORKS IN PRĀKRIT AND APABHRAMSA
Ācārya Kundakunda was the first scholar who wrote several works in Prakrit dealing with Ādhyātma literature. He belonged to Dravid Sangha in the Jaina community of the South. He is also called Vakragriva--Elācārya Graddhapicha and his original name is said to have been Padmanandın. According to the Pattāwalıs he belonged to 1st century A. D. Samayasāra, Pravacansāra and Astapāhuda are his works in which there is a description of soul, supreme soul, world and body. This kind of literature is comparable with Unisat literature These works and specially Samayāsar and Pravacanasara are regarded as the best works on Adhyātmavāda. The book Pravacanasāra consists three Chapters having 92. 108 and 75 Prākrit Gāthās. Samayasāra contains 439 Prakrit Gäthäs divided into 9 Chapters. Asta Pähud is divided in eight parts, Darsan (36 Gathas). Sutra
(27 Gáthás) Carita (44 Gāthas) Bodha (62 Gathās), Bhava (163 Gathäs) Moksa (196 Gāthās), Linga (22 Gāthās) and Sila (40 G: thā). These works are very popular and are read with great interest. Their manuscripts are found and preserved in several Bhandārs of Jaipur, Năgaur and Aymer.
In the 8th century. Yogindu composed two marvellous works on Ādhyātmavåda in Apabhramsa language. One is Parmātma Prakāśa' and the other is Yogasära. These have been written in most simple language. The relation between
4. Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
2. Ibid.

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Atma and Parmatma, body and soul, duties of a human being, condition and unduThese works are above standard and may be
sability of the world are described. placed in the cadre of Santa literature.
Dharmadása Gani, a famous writer of Prakrit wrote Updeśamala' in 542 Gathas. The book is popular both in D:gambaras and Swetambaras and its manuscripts are avrilable in most of the Bhandars of Rajasthan. The work is in Prakrit. One Vritti of the work was written in Prakrit by Jaisingh pupil of Krsnaursi in Samvat 913 (856 A. D.) Apart from this commentary there are more than 20 commentaries written in Samskrit and they are in the collections of the Jain Bhanḍārs of Rajasthan.
Kartikeyanupreksa2 is also one of the high class works written by Swāmi Kartikeya. It contains 489 Gathas and puts before us the real picture of the World, man and his relations. The book teaches how we should live and what we should do. It is divided in 12 parts which are called Bhavnas. Bhaṭṭāraka Subha Candra wrote commentary3 in Samskrit in Samvat 1613 (1556 A.D.) and Jaya Candra Chabra translated it into Hindi prose in the 19th century.
Pravacana Saroddhara was composed by Nemicandra pupil of Amara Deva of Jina Bhadra. It is a detailed exposition of Jaina Philosophy. The total number of the Gathas is 1599.
HINDI WORKS ON ADHYATMAVĀD
There is a large literature in Hindi on Adhyatma. Some work of Sarhskrit and Prakri were translated into Hindi & some new works were composed. Dvădašānuprekśǎ* of Laksmi Candra is the first work on this subject, written in old Hindi. It was composed in about 12th century. Roop Candra wrote Parmarthadohā Satak' which is purely on Adhayatma. It contains 102 stanzas. His new work Adhyatma Savaiyā has recently been discovered which is based totally on Adhyatma Literature.
Rajamala a scholar of 16th century translated the Samayasara a work of Kundakunda into Hindi prose. It was perhaps the first attempt to write in Hindi prose. The manuscript of the works is in the collection of Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur of Vikram Samvat 1653 (1596 A D.). Banarsi Dasa a prominent Hindi writer wrote Samayasar Natak in the year 1636 A.D. This is a most popular work and is
1. Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
2. to 6. Ibid.
7. Published by Sast! Grantha Mala, Delhi.

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read widely. The manuscript of this work is housed almost in all the Grantha Bhandars. Apart from this Banarsidasa also wrote Banarsi Vilas in which there are several small works.
Muni Mahicandra a Jaina saint wrote Adhyatma Barahakharl in about 14th century. A copy of this Barahkhari is available in Amer Sastra Bhandar Jaipur.
Brahma Dipa a famous Hindi writer of 17th century wrote Adhyatma Bavani' and Brahma Ajita of the same century wrote Hansagīta2.
Hemraja a famous Hindi poet of 17th century translated two works of Acarya Kundakunda. Parmatma Prakasa3 and Pravacanasara into Hindi prose. The system of translating the Prakrit Gāthās in Hindi prose is very good. Another Hem Raja of the same time composed Doha Satak' which is also a fine work and contains 101 Dohās. Pandey Rūpacandra of Khartärgaccha translated Samayasara Nataka of Banarsidasa into Hindi prose". This work was completed in the year 1665.
Dipacand Kasliwal of Rajasthan wrote Atmavlokan' in the year 1720. Pandit Daulat Răma Käsliwal wrote Adhyatma Barahkharis in the year 1741. This is perhaps the biggest work ever written on this subject containing more than 5000 veises. The only manuscript available is in the Jaina Sastra Bhandar Badā Mandir, Jaipur. Pandit Todar Mal a famous scholar of 18th century translated Atmānuśāṣana into Hindi prose.
Jodharaja Godha of Sanganer (Jaipur) translated Pravacansara' into Hindi oetry in the year 1677 A.D.
Apart from this there were several Hindi poets who wrore small works in Hindi. The poets like Rupacandra, Banarsidasa Ananda Ghana, Bhudhara Dāsa, and Dhyanat Rai wrote Hindi Padas full of Adhyatma matter.
1 Grantha Bhandar Mandir Lunkaranajl, Jaipur.
2 Sastra Bhandar Naya Mandir Jaipur..
3. Sastra Bhandar of Tholia Jain Mandir, Jaipur.
4. to 5. Ibid.
6. Amer Såstra Bhandar, Jaipur.
7. Ibid.
8. Sastra Bhandar, Terapanthi Bada Mandir, Jaipur.
9. Amer Sastra Ehandar, Jaipur.

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LITERATURE ON JAINA PHILOSOPHY
There is a large literature on the Jaina Philosophy in the Jaina Sastra Bhandars of Rajasthăn. The earliest exponents of the Jaina Philosophy preached the doctrines in the Ardha-Magadhi Bhāşă. The literature on Philosophy related to the Agams is found in the Agams like Sutra Kratänga, Sthânănga, Samvāyānga, etc. All these works are in Prakrit.
Ācārya Kunda Kunda wrote Pancāsti Kāya in Prakrit which describes the five kinds of Astikāyas i.e. Jiva, Dharma, Adharma, Akäsa and Kāla.
Samanta Bhadra, one of the most famous Philosopher of his time composed Apta Mimānsă in Sanskrit which is considered an introductory portion of the Jain philosophy. Alankára a distinguished and famous philospher of 7th century wrote commentary on Apta Mimans called Aşta Sati'. His other works are Laghivastra ya, Pramana Sangrah, Nyayaviniscaya, Siddhiviniscaya. These are authorititive works on Jaina Philosophy.
Haribhadra Sūri a great philosopher wrote works on Jaina Philosophy and supported views of Anckšnta. Anekânta Jayapatāka, Şad Darśana Samuccaya. Anekānta Vada etc. are his works. Mäņikya Nandi (800 A.D.) was the author of Parikšāmukha, a short book on Jaina philosophy. This work has a commentary called Premeyakamal-mărtanda by Prabhācandra (about 825 A.D.). He also wrote Nyayakumud Cundrodaya a commentary on the Laghıyastraya of Aklanka. Vidyanandı was also the authority on Jaina Philosophy. He wrote several works big and small ones wluch are Aptapatīkšā. Patrapariksa and Aşța Sahasri and Pramagapariksa are his famous works He made commentary on Yuktyanussana of Samanta Bhadra also.
In the 10th century Davescna composed three small works of great importance called Laghunayacakra, Vrıhadnayacakra with commentary and Alap Paddhati. Anant Virya wrote commentary on Parikśamukha of Manikya Nandi and the other on Siddhiviniscaya of Aklank. The commentary on Parikšāmukha is called Prameya Ratnanāli.
To Hemcandra (1088 to 1172 A D.) are attributed the Pramăna-Mimänsä with his own commentary and Ananyayogvyavchedika in pia'se of Arhat. Devasuri a contemporary of Hemcandi is the author of Pramananayatatwalokälankara on which he himself wiote a commentary called Syādavåda Ratnakar. Candraprabha
1. Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.

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wrote the Darśana Sudhi and Prameya Ratan Kosa (1100 A.D). The Vitarăga stuti of Hemcandra was commentated by Mallisena in the year 1292 A.D. Maghanandi pupil of Kumarcandra wrote Padarthasara.
Rāja Sekhar Süri (1348 A.D) is the author of many works among which the Syadavadakalıkā, and Panjikā, the commentary on Nyayakandali of Sridhara are worth mentioned. Somtilak wrote commentary on Şatdarśana (1335 A. D) which was composed by Haribhdra Sūri. Merutanga pupil of Mahendra Süri wrote Şat Darśana Nirnaya in Samskrit, Gunaratan Suri, the pupil of Deva Sundara completed commentary called Tarka Rahasya Dipika in 1409 A. D. on Haribhadra's Sad Darśana Samuccaya.
Dayaratan wrote Nyāyaratanavali in
1569 A. D. and Subhaga Vijaya composed Tark Bhāṣā Vārtika in 1606 A. D. and Syadavāda Bhăşă in 1610 A.D. Yasovijaya a prominent Samskrit scholar of 18th century wrote several works on Jaina philosophy among which are Aştasastivivaraṇa, Anekāntavyavastha, Gyanabindu, Jaina Tark Bhasa etc. etc. Last of all the works on Philosophy is the Nyaya Dipika by Abhinava Dharma Bhusana which is a very popular and short work and available in most of the Grantha Bhandars
SHORT STORIES OR KATHAŚ
Short stories are very popular among the Indians from very early time. They are based on adventures, sea voyages and other occurances and also on the imagination of those who could invent stories. But the Jainas along with the above characteristics adopted the form of the stories to present their doctrines. Most of the stories were written in order to present the Jaina doctrines through literary form.
Pädlipta Sūri was the first scholar who wrote Tarangavati in Prakrit. This work is mentioned in Avasyaka Viseşyabhasya of Jaina Bhadra Gani. The manuscript of this work is not available in the Jaina Grantha Bhandars. But Tarangalola which is based on Tarangawati Katha is available in Jaina Grantha Bhandars, Bikaner. There are 1643 Gathas in the work. This is a very good romantic love story Dr. Winternitza called it earliest religious novel (Dharma Katha).
Haribhadra Süri was a famous writer of Rajasthan. Samraicakahā, Virangad Katha, Kathakoşa and Dhürtäkhyan are the some of his works. All these works are in Prakrit language, and they may be described as religious stories Among these works Samaraicea Kaha is the most famous work and it is proto-type copy of Tarangawati.

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Siddharsi an other famous story writer completed his work Upamiti Bhava Prapanca Katha, in Samvat 906 I. e. 849 A.D. This is a good and interesting work.
In Vikram Samvat 989 (932 AD), Harisena wrote Katha Koşal in Apabbraṁsa. The Kathā Koşa may be called a rich nine of tales or Treasury of stories. The work contains 158 stories written in very simple language. Several of these stories belong to Uuiversal literature.
Another Katha Kävya? Ratnakaranda in Apabhramsa is of Sricandra containing 33 tales in equal number of Chapters. The work pertains to 10th century.
Kathā Kosa Prakaran which was written by Âcārya Jineśvara in the year 1092 A.D. contains 36 main stories and 5 secondary stories. Gyanpancamı Kathă is the collection of ten stories narnely Jayasena Kaha, Nanda Kaha, Bhadda Kaha, Vira Kaha, Käintä Kaha, Gunraj Kaha, Dharma Kaha, Devi Kaha and Bhavisya Knhà. The author of these stories is Maheśvara Sûri. All of them are in the Prakrit language. Vijay Candra Kevalin was written by Candraprabha Mohatta in 1070 A D. There are eight stories in the collection.
Kālkacärya Kathanaka is a short novel in Prākrit prose and poetry. The story is very interesting and gives some historical facts. It is regarded a work of 10th century.
Mahendra Suri is the writer of Narmadá Sundari Katha (1130 A.D). The work is in Samskrit Nārcandra Súri pupil of Devprabha Sūri is the writer of Katha ratna Sagar in Samskrit. Another Kathā Sangrah is a collection of 81 moral stories in Samskrit piose. It was composed by Raja Sekhar of the Harsapuria Gacha. Katha Mahodani is a collection of 157 stories based on the Karpoor Prakaran ol Harişcna. It was composed in Samvat 1504 (1447 A.D.), by Soma Candra Guni pupil of Ratna Sekhar Sūri of Tapăgacha. Räjsekhar-Narpati Kata was written in Prakrit by Jina Harşa pupil of Jaya Candra of Tapăgacha. He was a scholar of 15th century. Somakirti pupil of Bhimasena composed Saptavyasana Katha in 1469 AD Gunakar Suri was the writer of Samyaktva Kaumadı. It contains more than 60 stories. These are told in the style of Pancatantra. In 1400 A.D Jayasekhar also completed Samyaktva Kaumadı in Samskrit. Somadeva finished his work Samayaktva Kaumudi Katha in Samvat 1573 (1516 A. D).
1. Åmer Śästra Bhandar, Jaipur.
2.
Ibid.
3. Śästra Bhandar Thola Temple, Jaipur.

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This was translated into Hindi by Jodhraj Godika in Samvat 1724 (1667 A.D). He was a Rajasthani scholar. Lal Candra Vinodilal also composed Samyaktva Kaumudi Katha in HindI in Samvat 1879 (1822 A.D).
Punyǎśrawa Katha Koşa' was written by Mumuksu Ramcandra. This is a very favourite book which tells stories which are the root of Punya. There are 65 stories in the work. This was translated into Hindi prose by Daulatrama in the year 1720 A.D. These stories are read with great interest in the Digambar Jaina community.
Katha Ratnakar a collection of 258 stories was composed by Hemvijaygani in Samvat 1600 A.D. This work is divided into 10 Tarangas.
Bhāramalla a Hindi Scholar of 17th century wrote four stories called Darśana Katha3, Nisi Bhojan Katha Dana Katha', and Sila Katha. The stories are written in a very simple language and are very popular. The manuscripts of these stories are available in several Bhanḍārs.
Apart from these works the manuscripts of Pancatantra and Hitopadesa are available in several Bhanḍārs of Rajasthan. These are also read with great interest.
SUBHAȘITA AND NITI SASTRA
There is a good number of works written by Jaina Scholars on the subject of Subhāṣita and Niti Săstra.
Amogha Varsa composed Prasnottar Ratna Mäla in the 8th century A.D. in Samskrit. It contains 30 Samskrit stanzas on morality. There are two main commentaries on this. One is by Hemprabha and other by Davendra of 1276 A.D. and 1372 A.D. raspectively.
1. Sastra Bhandar, Tholia Jaina Temple, Jaipur.
2. Amer Săstra Bhandar, Jaipur.
3. Sastra Bhandar, Digambara Jain Terapanthi Mandir, Jaipur.
4. Ibid.
5. Satra Bhandar Tholia Jaina Temple, Jaipur.
6. to 8. Ibid.

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)
Jasna Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
Somadeva wrote Nitivākyamrala, a very good work on Niti Sastra in Sarhskrit. This was completed in 959 A.D. Niti Sastra was also written by Tilak Prabha Sürı, pupil of Devendra Sürt of the Purnima Gachá. Indranandi was the writer of Nitisára. It contains 113 stanz4s in Samskrit.
Kšatra Cūdaman also called Jivandhara Carita was the work of Vadibha Singh. It is good work of Niti Sāstra and gives also life sketch of Jivandhar,
Mallisena, a Samskrit scholar of 16th ceutury wiote Sajjan Citta Ballabha! which contains 26 moral stanzas. Ratanmäla? is ascribed to Siva Kou. It contains 67 stanzas in Samskrit. In the 18th century Devidasa wrote Rajniti Kavitta; in Hindi which contains 113 verses
SUBHASITA
Amiti Gati, a famous Samskrit writer wrote Subhāsıta Ratna Sandohain the year 994 AD It has 32 Chapters on the rules of ethics both for monks and laity.
Somprabha Süri was a famous writer of Suk1i-Muktāwalıs in Saṁskrit. This is also known by the name of Sindürprakarana and contains a collection by 103 Samskrit stanzas on different subjects of morality. Banārsidäsa a famous Jaina Hindi poet of 17th century translated it into Hindi poem. The work is equally popular both among the Digambars and Swetāmbars. Most of the Sāstra Bhandars possess the manuscripts of this work.
Subhāşıtāvalio was composed by Sakalkirt in the Samskrit. It contains 392 Samskrit Slokas, Subhacandra pupil of Vijaykirti wrote Subhāşitāınava? 10 Samskrit. Both the works are read with great interest and their manuscripts are available in good number.
Suktavali is a portion of Padmanandı Pancavinsats which was written by Padınanando in Prährit This also has a good response.
:
Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur
2
Bhattarkiya Sastra Bhandar, Nagaur
3
Sstra Bhandar Jaiba Temple Tholia, Jaipur,
4 Amel Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
5
to
8
Ibid

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Subjects Dealt with
1167
Subháşitävali was a work of Tilakpiabha Süri. Soktävali is the work of Vijaysena pupil of Harişeņa. It is also called Karpûi Prakaran. It was composed in about 1550 V. S. (1493 A.D). Laxmi Vallabhagani also collected some suktis in 16th century in Sanskrit.
There is also a good literature on this subject in Hindi. The poers like Thakursi (16th century), Chihal (16th century), Vaca Rāja (16th century). Rūpcanda ( 17th century ), Hemraja ( 17th century ), Bhudhardāsa (18th century) Dhyanat Rái (19th century) wrote several small works in Hindi. Chihal wrote Bāvani in the 16th century which is full of moral teachings. Doha Sataka? of Rūpcanda is a famous work on the subject. Banarsidasa wrote Bāvanis, Upadeśa Sataht and other small poems which are collected in the Banarsi Vilasas. Manohardasa composed Gyan Cintamanio in Samvat 1729 which is full of subhasitas.
Bhudhardāsa, a famous Hindi writer composed Jaina Sataka? which contains several Hindi stanzas on Subhasita. Hemrāja in the 17th century wrote Doha Sataka" which deals with this subject. Pannālal Caudhari translated the Subhāşıtāvali' into Hindi in the 19th century.
There are hundreds of manuscripts of Nīti atakalo of Bhartrihari and Kāmandakiya Nitisārs in the Jaina Šāstra Bhandārs of Rājasthān. In some of the Bhandars the number of the manuscripts are more than 50. This shows the popularity of these works amongst Jainas,
1. Aner Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
2.
to
3. Ibid.
4. Sastra Bhandar Tholia Jaina Temple, Jaipur,
5. Ibid. 6. Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur,
7.
Ibid.
8. - Sastra Bhandar of Thola Jaina Temple, Jaipur.
9. Sastra Bhandar of Baba Dulicand, Jaipur.
10. Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
11.
Ibid.

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168
)
Jaina Granths Bhandars in Rajasthan,
JYOTIŞA LITERATURE
There are numerous works on Jyotışa literature written by the Jaina authors & which are available in the Jaina Bhandărs. The Jainas contribution towards Jyotişa literature is quite large Astronomy, Astrology and Mathematics formed the main divisions of this Branch, and it can be safely said that contributions of the Jaina Scholars towards all the three branches are considerable.
Süryapragnapti, Candragnapti and Jyotisa Karanda which are written in Prakrit language deal with Astronomy. Malayagin of the 4th century wrote commentaries in Samskrit on all the three works.
Bhnwan Deepak was composed in Samvat 1221 (1164 AD.) hy Padmaprabha, pupil of Devasūt of the Nāgpuriya Tapigaccha. A commentary was written on this work by Singhatilak Suri in Samvat 1326 (1269 A D.)
Udayaprabha is the author of Arambhasiddhi which deals with Astronomy. Hemahansa Gani wrote commentary on it in Samvat 1514 (1457 A.D.). Thakbar Pheru wrote Jvotisasăra in 1315 AD It is in Prährit and deals with astionomy and astrology hoth.
Haribhadra Suri wrote Lagan Suddhi. Närcandra, the famous Astrologer composed Närcandıa Jyotişa Sāstra in 257 stanzas. He belonged to Maldhari Gaccha. This is a very popular work and therefore its manuscripts are found in several Bhandārs of Rajasthān.
Harsakirus wrote Jyousa Sästia. It contains three Chapters. He also composed Janmapatri Paddhati and Lagnavicāra in Samskrit. Jyotisa Sära was composed in Samvat 1621 (1564 A. D.) by Hira Kalasa of Khartar Gaccha. It is in Prākrit and contains two Chapters
On the subject like Mathematics Jain scholars showed great interest. Mahaviri cārya was the first scholar who contributed to this field one of the richest works on Mathematics by writing Ganitasåra sangrah. He was a 8th century scholar and lived at the time of Amoghavarsā, the Ristaküta Prince. Sridhatåcårya wrote Ganitásar in the year 1046A D. This is also in Samskrit. In the 12th century Rājāditya, a great scholar of Mathematical science composed Vyavahira Ganita in Sanskrit. Lilavati which is also a famous work on this science remained popular amonst the Jainas and commentares both in Samskrit and Hindj have been written by them. Hemaräja, a 17th century scholar composed in Hindi a work named Ganitisar.

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Subjects Dealt With
GRAMMR
In the field of Grammar also contribution of the Jainas is quite large. Pujyapada was the first Jaina Gramarian in Samskrit, who wrote Jainendra Vyakarana' in Samskrit. The original text has come down in two versions. One version has 3000 Sutras and other contains 3700 Sūtras. On the first version two commentaries were written. Mahāvratti by Abhayanandı (750 A D) and Pancavastu by Srutakirti. The second version also contains two commentaries one by Somadeva (11th century A.D.) which is called Sabdarnava Candrika and the second is by Gunanandı which is called Prakriya.'
Sakatayan was another prominent Gramarian who wrote a grammar called Sabdānusaṣana He lived between Saka year 736 and 789. He also made commentary called Amogha Vritti. This work is on the model of Grammar of the Jainendra and Panini It contains 3200 stanzas.
1169
Hemcandra was another famous Gramarian who wrote Siddha Hema Śabdānusas ina He also wrote commentary called Laghuvratti and Vrihad Vratti. There are about 28 commentaries on Sabdanusasana Some of them written by the author himself and others by the different scholars.
Gunaratan Suri pupil of Davendra Suri composed Kriyaratna Samuccaya' in the year 1409 A.D Kavi Kalpadrum was composed by Hansukla. He composed his work according to the system of Hemcandra's grammar.
Sarvavarman, who was the contemporary of Gunadhya was engaged to teach grammar to King Satavahan. He devised a very simple system of simple grammer which is contained in Katantra Rūpamālā, The book is very popular and easy to study.
DRAMA
There are some manuscripts relating to dramas in the Grantha Bhandars of Rajasthan. Dramas written by non-Jaina authors are also available in these Grantha Bhandars.
1. Grantha Bhandar Digambar Jaina Bada Terapanthi Mandir, Jaipur.
2. Ibid.
3 Published by the Sanatan Jaina Granthamala, Vārānasi.
4. Published by Jethārām Mukundji Bombay
5. Published in Y. J. G. Series Väränast 1908

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370
)
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
Hastımala a famous Jaina dramatist wrote dramas in Sanskrit. The names of the dramas are as under -
(1) Vikranta Kaurava' or Sulocană Nățaka.
(2) Maithali Kalyānaa
(3) Subhadras
(4) Gyāna Suryodaya*
In the 12th century Rāmacandra Sūri pupil of Hemacandra Sari wrote Nala Vilása Natak in Samskrit. It is a ten act drama. His dramas are as follows.
(1) Kaumudt Mitrānand (Prakarana)
(2) Nirbhaya Bhima (Vyāyoga)
(3) Mallika Makaranda (Prakarana)
(4) Yadavābhyudaya (Națak)
(5) Raghuvilás (Nätak) (6) Robini Mrigānka (Prakarana) (7) Vanamală (Nājak) (8) Satya Hariscandra (Natak) (9) Raghavábhyudaya (Nățak)
Candra Lekha Vijaya Prakarana was composed by Muni Deva Candra pupil of Hemacandra. It is in Prākrit and Samskrit. A manuscript of this work is preserved in the Grantha Bhandar, Jaisalmer. A manuscript of Hammir Mardan by Jayasingh Surt dated Samvat 1296 (1239 A.D) is also preserved in the Jaisalmer Bhandar.
1. Published in the M.DG series Bombay.
2
Ibid.
3
Preserved in the Jaina Siddhanta Bhavan, Arah.
4. Ibid.

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(171
Gyan Suryodaya Natak' was composed in Samvat 1591 (1534 A.D.) by Vädicandra Sûri pupıl and successor of Prabhä-candra, successor of Gyana Bhusana of the Sarasvati Gacha.
On the drama of Anargha Rāghava, there are three commentaries written by Jaina authors namely Jina Harșa Ganı?, Devaprabhas and Närcandra Süri.
The manuscripts of the various dramas written by great dramatist like Kalidāsa, Śūdrak, Višākhadatta etc. are also available in the Jaina Grantha Bhandārs of Rajasthan. Apart from these famous dramas, Partha Parākrama Vyayoga written by Yuvarīja Prahlada and Datangad of Subhata Kavi are also preserved in the Grantha Bhandar of Pandya Lonkaraņa., Jaipur.
A manuscript of Sabhāsāra Nataka written by Raghu Räma in Hindi is available in the Grantha Bhandār of Terapanthi Jaina temple, Jaipur.
AYURVEDIC WVRKS
On the subject of medicine also the contribution of the Jaina Scholars is not meagre. They preserved the literature in both ways i. e. by way of writing new works and preserving the old ones written by the non-Jaina authors. Such kind of manuscripts are good in number in the Grantha Bhandārs. We find several references according to which hundreds of works were composed by the Jaina scholars but most of them are not available in the Grantha Bhandārs. We shall describe here only those works which are available.
Jagat Sundari Prayogamala' was composed by Yasah Kirti in Prakrit. It deals with the medicines. Camundräja wrote Jvara Timira Bhaskar in Sanskrit The work mainly deals with the various kinds of fever. The work remained popular in the past.
1
Amer sästra Bhandar, Jaipur,
2. Sangha Bhandar Prafoliavåda, Pāțan.
3.
Ibid.
4. Brihad Gyana Bhandar, Jaisalmer.
5. Sastra Bhandär of Digambar Jaina Temple Terapanthi, Jaipur.
6. Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur,

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172)
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
Ugradityacărya wrote Kalyāņa Karak) in Sanskrit. It contains 22 Chapters and deals with the medicines. It states that a sound body alone can contain a sound soul. Amritaprabha Süri also composed Yogašatak, a Hindi translation of it is also available in the Śästra Bhandar of Raja Mahal (Tonk Dist).
Harsa Kirti completed Yoga Chintamani or Vaidyak Sárodhår in the vear 1603 A. D The work is very popular and its manuscript copies are available in most of the Bhandārs. Vaidyaka Sara Sangrah was composed by Ramcandra in Hindi in the year 1567 A. D. Rāmcandra was pupil of Jina Sena Sür.
Nayanasukha son of Keśava composed Vaidya Manostava in Hindi its a work of the 18th century. As the author was a resident of Jaipur, its manuscript copies are available in most of the Bhandars of Jaipur City.
Tabbā commentary was written by Rūpacandra of Khartargacha on Sannipäta Kalika in Hindi in Samvat 1731 (1674 A. D). Cainsukha composed Tabba commentary on Pathya Pathya Nirnaya in Samvat 1835 (1778 A. D). Gyāna Suci wrote commentary on Madhavanidan a famous work of Ayurveda.
Apart from the works there are several Gutakäs which are exclusively written on the subject. Most of them are written in Hindi and describe several kinds of prescriptions. In this respect there is a great scope for research.
CHANDA SASTRA
The Jainas produced quite a large literature on Prosody also. Mahakavi Svayambhu a great scholar of Apabhramsa wrote Chandonuśáşan. It is a very popular work.
Jayadeva was the another scholar who wrote Chanda Sastra' in 8th century A.D. A commenrary on which was written by Sri Vardhana Harşa and Sricandra.
1. Bhaftárkiya Sastra Bhandar Saravana Belgolá.
2
Amer Sastra Bhandar. Jaipur.
3
to
4. lbid.
3. Jaina Granthavalı pubushed by Jana Swetamba, a Conference Bombay 1919 A.D.

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Subjects Dealt with
[ 173
In Vikrama Sasivat 1050 (993 A. D), Jayak Irti composed Chandanusasana." Chanda Koşa2 was completed by Ratan Sekhara pupil of Hema Tilak of Nagpuriya Tapagacha. It consists of 74 Prakrit Gathas. Nanditadhya, Chanda Sätra of Devanandi is a work on Prakrit metres. Its correct name is Gatha Laksana. A commentary on it is also available which was made by Ratan Candra.
Hemcandra Suri compeleted Chandonuśāşana. The author himself wrote its commentary which is a popular work on prosody and its manuscripts are available in most of the Bhandārs. Amarcanda wrote Chanda Ratnávali in Samskrit in the 13th Century. Prakrit Chand Koşa by an unknown writer is preserved in the collection of the Šāstra Bhandar of Lūnkaranji Pandya Jaipur. It is a good work on this subject Pingal Chand Sastra by Sri Nānorāma in Hindi is in Sastra Bhandar, Terăpanthi Mandır, Jaipur. The total number of verses is 1058.
Harirama in the year 1651 A D. wrote Chandaratnával which contains 211 Hindi verses. Apart from these works, there are several manuscripts of Śrutabodha written by Kālıdāsa and Vratta Ratnakara by Bhajta Kedăra. Some of the Bhandārs contain more than 10 manuscripts of these works. The Jainas wrote commentaries on these works also. Somacandra Gaņi wrote a commentary on Vratta Ratnakar in Vikrama era 1329 (1272 A D.).
LAXICOGRAPHY
There are several works on Laxicography, written by Jaina authors. The earliest text on which numerous manuscripts are available in the Jaina Bhandars is the Nāmalingänuśaşan of Amar Singh. There is a difference of opinion regarding Amarsingh. But it is a very podular work
After Amarsingh, a great poet Dhananjaya wrote Nāma Māla. The work is very much popular amongst the Jainas. It was translated into Hindi by Kayı Banārsidāsa in Samvat 1690 (1933 A.D). The work is very simple but useful.
Acárya Hemcandra (1088-1172 A. D.) wrote Abhidhåncintamani-NamaMalā. It is a famous Laxicon of Hema Candra. It consists of six Kändas.
1
Brihad Gyara Bhandar, Jaisalmer.
2
Edited by H D Velankar in Bcmbay University Journal Art & Law, May 1933.
3
Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
4. Grantha Bhandar Jaina Temple, Pâtodi.

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174 )
Jaina Grantha Bhand rs in Rajasthan.
Anekártha Samgrah and Nighangu are its supplement. There are several commeataries of the work available in the Jaina Grantha Bhandārs. The commentaries made by Kušala Sågara, Bhānu Candra Gani, Sadhu Ratan and Srivallabhagani are well knowo.
Ekāśara Namamālā was written by Sudhakalasa pupil of Raja Sekhar Sori of Harsapuriya Gacha. Apart from these works the following works are also available in the Bhandārs outside Rajasthan.
1. Sabdabheda Nāmamåla' by Maheshwar Süri Samvat 1650 (1593 A.D).
2. Nămá Malá Sangraha? by Upadhyâya Bhanu Candra 3. Sárdi Nama Mala by Harsa Kiriti Samvat 1660 (1603 A.D.).
4. Sabda Ratnākari by Sadhu Sundargani of Samvat 1680 (1623 A.D) 5. Ekākšara Nāmā Māla by Visva Sambhu 1550 (1493 A.D),
POJĀ-LITERATURE
There is a large literature relating to Pūjā and Pratistha in the Jaina Grantha Bhandars, of Rajasthan. Pūjā is one of the six essential daily duties of every Jaina layman. They offer eight kinds of articles to deity and recite some stanzas while offering the articles.
Some of the famous Pujā works which are generally read with great interest are as follows -
S. No.
Name of work
Composed by
Language
Year
Samskrit
1 Jinsarhitā 2. Dharmacakra Pūjā 3. Pratışthasār or Jinayagya
Kalpa
Jinsenåcărya Mahakavi Vira
9th century 11th
Asadhar
13th
1. Jaina Granthavalı published by the Jaida Swetambara Conference, Bombay.
2
Dela Upsåraya Bhandăr. Ahmedabad.
3. Jain Siddhant Bhawan, Arrah,
4. Published in Y. J. G. series No. 36, Värdnası,
5. Deli Upsdraya Bhandar, Ahmedabad.

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Subjects Dealt With
( 175
17th
4. Pratişthasara Sangraha Vasunandi Sanskrit 13th century 5. Daśalaksana Paja
Bhåv Sharma Prakrit 15th 6. -do
Raidhu
Apabhraía 7. Sodaśakārana Jaimal Raidhu 8. Vrihat Sıądhi Puja
Sanskrit 9. Gañadhar Valaya
Sakal Kirti 10. Dašalaksana Pūjā
Abhayanandi 11. Caturvidha Siddha Cakra Paja Bhanukirti
16th 12. Jinasahasranama Pājā Müni Dharmchand
16th 13. Risimandal Pújā
Mūni Gunanandi
16th 14. Câritra Suddhi Vidhăn Subha Candra 15. Sardhadwaya Dwipa Paja 16. Rohini Vrat Puja
Mandalacārya
Sri Keśava 17. Dharmacakra Pūjā
Dharma Bhusana 18. Panca Parmesti Puja Yaśonandi -do
Subha Candra 20. Dhamacakra Pūja
Yasonandi 21. Trinsatcaturvinśānti Paja Subha Candra
16th century 2. Karm Dahan Paja
16th century -do
Tekacand
Hindi 24. Solahkaran Puja
Dhyanat Rai Hindi 18th . 25. Adhai Dweep Pajā
Dulu Răm Hindi 1822 A.D. 26. Indra Dhwaj Pūja
Viswa Sena Samskrit 1853 AD. 27. Causatha Ridhi Puja Swarop Cand Hindi 1853 AD Caturvinsati Tirthankar Puja Ramcandra Hindi
19th century -do
Vrindavan Hindi 19th century 30. Tinaloka Paja
Tekacand Hindi 1771 A.D.
18th

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176 1
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rhin
STOTRA LITERATURE
C!
The Jaina Acaryas wrote hundreds of the small prayers in praise of Tirthankaras and other great personalities. These are called stotras or stutis. The stotras are found in Prakrit, Apabhramsa, Samskrit and Hindi languages. Although according to the Jaina Philosophy God is neither the Creator nor the Destroyer of the Universe and in this sense they do not praise the Tirthankaras yet as the Tirthankaras are the omnicient and have attained the Nirvana and because they guided the people, how to get rid of the ties of the Karmas, their praise is sung and hundreds of the works have been written in the shape of stotras. The stotra works written by the Jaina scholars are numerous. There is not a single Grantha Bhandar in which
some stotras are not available.
T
1. Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
2. to 3. Ibid.
*
Samant Bhadra, a great Philosopher of 6th century wrote two stotras. One is Yuktyanuśāsana' written in the praise of Lord Mahavira and the other is Swayambhu Stotra which is in praise of all the twenty four Tirthankaras. There are two commentaries on these stotras. One is written by Asadhara and the other is by Pandit Prabhäcandra. Yuktyanusasana is a philosophical stotra which serves both the purposes.
'i
Muni Mäntünga composed Bhaktamāra stotra in Samskrit. The stotra is very popular in the Jaina community and has great reputation among the Digambars and Swetambars both. The time of the scholar is not known but according to some scholars, the poet might have lived as early as the beginning of the 3rd century A.D The stotra is learnt by heart by every Jaina layman. It has 48 stanzas.
Acarya 'Jinasena is the writer of Jinasahasranama.
It is divided into 10 Chapters and describes the one thousand names of the Jina. The stotrà is also a favourite stotra. Three commentaries are available on this stotra, One is of Amar Kirti', the other is of Viswa Sena pupil of Visal Kirti of Kastha Sangha, and the third is of Śrutasagar, a famous scholar of 17th century. Acarya Padmanandi of 7th century composed Darśana Stotra which is remembered by every Jaina layman.
4. Sastra Bhandar, Digambara Jain Terapanthi Mandir, Jaipur.

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Subjects Dealt With
(
177
Dhananjaya, a famous scholar of 8th century wrote Viśāphăra stotra in praise of Lord Parswanātha. It has 25 stanzas. It is also one of the five stotras which are read by Jainas with great devotion.
Aliya Sansithava (Ajita Sånit Stava) was composed by Nandışena who lived perhaps earlier than the 9th century. The stotra is in Prakrit and is in the praise of Ajita and Såntinatha Tirthankaras. Jina Sataka is a collection of a hundred stanza's in praise of the Jinas' composed by Jambukavi. Vädıräja a famous scholar of Samskrit of 11th century wrote Ekibhava Stotra. It is available in most of the Jaina Grantha Bhandårs. Bhupal Kavi constructed a hymn called Caturvinsatı Stavan' in the praise of 24 Tirthankaras in Samskrit. This is also a favourite stotra.
Abhayadeva Sūri, the celebrated commentator of the 19th century composed Jayatıhuyana Stotra in Apabhraíśa. It is also in praise of a Jina. Jina Vallabh Sürl wrote several stotras out of which Ajita Santi Stotra', Jina Kalyanaka stotra, Virastavan' are some of them.
Rāmacandra Sül also wrote several stotras, some of which are Yugādideva dvātrinsikā, Muni Suvratadvātrinsiká. Adideva Stavan, and Nabhistavana.
Just like Bhaktāmara stotra, Kalyana Mandıra stotra is also well known and is equally esteemed by both the sects. The stotra was written by Kumuda Candra. It is a hymn written in the praise of Pärswanātha.
Āsādhara a famous scholar of the 13th century wrote Jinasahasranama Stotra in 1230 A. D. He also wrote commentary on Bhupal Caturvinsati, a stotra uritten by the Bhupal poet in praise of 24 Tirthankaras
Jina Prabha Suri, a scholar of the 14th century wrote Gotama Stotra, Jinastuti, Panca Parmesţi Stavan, and commentaries on Ajita Santi Stavan, Upasargahara Stotra, Bhaya hara Stotra and Mahāvira Stavana. Bhuvanatunga Suri also wrote comentary or Vritti on Risi Mandala Stotra in the 14th Century.
Aklanka Stotra was written by Aklanka son of Jinadasa. This is also in praise of Jina. Devavijaya Gani wrote Jinasahasranama on the same lines written previously by Jinasena and Asadhara. Caturvinsati Jina Stuti have been written by various authors. Some of the famous poets are Bhupal Kavi (13th century), Jinaprabha Suri (of Khartargachă), Bappabhatý, Sobhan, Sidhānt Harśa (1448) Sakal Kirti (15th century), Punyasila Gaņi, and Keśavasena (16th century) etc.

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178 ]
Kamala Prabha wrote Jinapanjara Stotra in Samskrit. Padam Prabha composed Pärswanatha Stotra in Samskrit and Muni Rajasingh wrote Parśwa Mahimna Stotra. Santinatha Stotra was written by Padmasundar in the 15th century while Visnu sena Suri composed Samavasaran Stotra,
In the Hindi language also there are numerous works on Stotra literature. Some of them are translations of the Samskrit or Prakrit stotras while others are original one. Hundreds of Stotras which are called Bhajanas and Padas in Hindi written by the various poets namely:
1. Delha
2
Sakal Kirti
3 Brahma Jinadāsa
4 Chihal
5. Thakursi
6. Vucarāja
7 Rüpacand
8. Anandaghana
9 Banarsidāsa
10. Vidyananda
11. Brahma Gulala
12 Pandey Jinadasa
13. Harşa Kirti
14. Samayasundara
15 Hiranand
16. Hemarāja
17. Deepcand Käsliwal
18. Acala Kirti
19. Daulat Rāma
20. Bhaiya Bhagwatidāsa
21. Jagat Rāma
22. Brahma Gyanasagar
23. Bhudhar Dasa
24. Toḍarmala
25. Jayacandra Chabra
14th Century
15th
15th
16th
""
17th
39
46
""
18th Century
"
Jaina Granths Bhandars in Rajasthan.
19th
31
30
د.

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Subjects Dealt With
26. Tekacandra
27. Dālu Rāma
28. Naval Kavi
29.
Vrindavana
30. Dhyanat Raya
31. Sewärāma
32. Thanasingh
33. Nayana Candra
19th Century
""
:.
91
21
31
33
55
"9
39
Apart from these stotras there are also hundreds of the stotras written by the non-Jaina writers and preserved in the various Grantha Bhandars. Prayers written in praise of Lord Siva, Vişnu and other Gods are in the collection of Jaina Bhandars,
SEXUOLOGY
[ 179
1. Puplished n the Trivandrum Series. Mysore.
Manuscripts pertaining to sexual literature are also preserved in the collection of the Jaina Grantha Bhandars. In the Gutkäs there is sufficient material available in several Bhandars of Rajasthan. Kokasära of Ananda Kavi is available in several Bhanḍārs of Rajasthan. It is a work of the 17th century & composed at Sawai Madhopur. There are also manuscripts of Koka Prabandha and commentary on Rati Rahasya in the Sastra Bhandar of Terapanthi Baḍa Mandir, Jaipur. Kokila Śăstra is also available in the collection of Sastra Bhandar of Pâtodi temple, Jaipur. It is in Samskrit written by an unknown author.
LITERATURE ON SONGS & DANCES
On the subjects like songs and dances, there had not been good many works but works which are available in the Grantha Bhandars are as follows -
Sangeet Samayasara' was written by Pārśwa Candra pupil of Mahadeva of Abhaya Candra. It was composed in about 1350 V. S. (1293 A.D). It is also called Sangita Săra Sangrah.
Sangīta Sārodhara also called Sangitopniśada Sara is the work of Sudha Kalasa pupil of Rajasekhar Suri of Maldhari Gacha. This is an abridgment of Sangitopniśada. The original work was composed in 1323 A.D. and the abridged in 1349 A.D.

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180)
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
Sangita Mandana is the work of Kavi Mandan. It was composed in V.S. 1480 (1423 A D.). There is one manuscript dated 1504 A. D. in Jaina Grantha Bhandar of Jaisalmer.
There are some more works on this subject but not well known or important. The following works are quoted in the Jaina Granthavalı
Sangita Dipikā, Sangita Ratnávali and Sangita Pingala,
There are also some works in Jaina Šāstra Bhandārs wbich are written by the non-Jaina authors.
Nartanavicára is the work of Pundarika Vithal. bis in Samskrit and voluminous work on the art of Dance. Sangita Ratnakar was written by Laxmanacărya son of Kelinätha. It is also in Samskut.
Damn
Damodar is the author of Sangita Sastra Sāra This is a summary of Sangita Sastra. Srangadeva wrote Sangita Ratnākar in Samskrit. It is a voluminous work of Sangsta and available in the Grantha Bhandar of Jaina temple Terapānthi, Jaipur.
Apart from these works in Samskrit, there is one work in Hindi namely Sangitasära or Radha Govinda Sangitasāra written by Mahārāja Sawai Pratápsingh This is also a voluminous work on Sangita.
1
Published by the Jaina Swetambar Conference, Bombay. 1904.

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CHAPTER V IMPORTANCE OF THE GRANTHA
BHANDĀRS

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Importance of The Jaira Grantha Bhandars
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Since the adoption of system of writing, manuscripts were probably being written and placed in the Grantha Bhandārs. Grantha Bhandārs are therefore amongst the earliest literary institutions of the country. The collections are not of today but centuries old. They are the results of hard and continuous efforts from generation to generation. Before the inanufacture of paper, the manuscripts were written on palm leaves, cloth and other material but when the palm leaves industry was replaced by paper industry, all the manuscripts were re-written on paper.
These Grantha Bhandårs were the literary centres in true sense. They provided help to the scholars and reading public in enhancing their knowledge. But their importance lies not only in this but also in the fact that they saved the treasure of knowledge from destruction. In this respect, the contribution of Jainas is really great. Even today the earliest and authentic manuscripts of several works written by scholars other than the Jainas are preserved only in these bhandārs.
But apart from the literary importance of these bhandars their importance may be acknowledged also from other point of view. They quenched the thirst of scholars and provided help to the lovers of history, Indian art and culture also. There is a great scope for research in these subjects on the basis of colloctions in these Bhandars. The manuscripts were not collected from the place where the Grantha Bhandar exists but they were brought from various places which were the centres of literature, culture and of political activity.
Amongst such places are Delhi, Āgra. Ajmer, Amer, Ābu, Nagaur, Todaräisingh, Catsu, Sāngāner, Bharatpur, Jaisalmer Jodhpur, Jaipur, Bündi, Mandalgarh, Dungarpur, Chittor, Ranthambhore and Udaipur. The manuscripts written or copied in these places provide information regarding names of the places, names of persons by whom they were got copied, after being copied to whom they were presented and lastly sometimes they mention also the cost incurred in obtaining them This information is available in most of the manuscripts. The authors of Apabhramśa and Hindi works also give some description about the rulers of their time. The city or town where the manuscripts were written and the general conditions of the people there are described. Such information if collected and co-ordinated would provide good material for a cultural history of the times. These Bhandārs have played a great part in the development of the educational and cultural life of the country, because in the past they were literary centres and continue to be so even at present. There are many manuscripts on the basis of which love of the common people for art and painting at that time can be judged. Taking into consideration all these points we shall now judge the importance of the Grantha Bhandars under the following heads :

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Jaida Grapths Bhandars in R5jasthan,
1841
(1) Historical Importance,
(2) Literary Centres. (3) Educational Centres.
(4) Material for Art and Painting.
(5)
Treasure houses of earliest manuscripts
(6)
Treasure houses of non-Jaina works,
1. HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE
The Grantha Bhandārs are very important from the historical point of view. There are several works exclusively on the subject of History Besides, we find that the authors and copyists of the manuscripts give some description of the rulers, cities or towns where they wrote or copied and the patrons who encouraged learning, Such colophons called prasastis, are written generally either at the end or in the beginning of the works. On the basis of these, the time of many rulers can be determined and history of old cities and towns can be prepared. As manuscripts dated from 10th century onwards are available, so a history of past one thousand years can be reconstructed also on the basis of the material found in the Jaina Grantha Bhandārs.
There is a manuscript in the Sāstra Bhandār of Pandya Lünakaran or Jaipur, which gives the description of the emperors who had been on the Delhi throne. It also describes the history of the foundation of Delhi. According to it, it was in the time of Anangapal that the city was founded and called Dhıllı. The same word Dhilli' for Delhi was used by Sridhara an Apabhramsa scholar of the 12th century in his Pašanāh Cariu'. Similarly in the Šāstra Bhandar of Jaina temple Terapanthi, Jaipur there is a manuscript called “Rājavansa Varnan" which presents a complete description of the rulers of Delhi from the Påndavas onwards. It gives years and months of the reign of various rulers. For example about Prathavs-Rāja of Delhi, the author says.
1. faepartyfez gafas fofat, frent agzfett eumefantfer
सणवासी एयारहसएहि, परिवाडिए परिसह कसरपटउमीहि प्रागहरणमासि, रविवारि समाखिज सिसिरमासि ।।

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Importance of The Jaina Grantha Bhandare.
पृथ्वीराज महीपालः क्रमात् षोडशवत्सर । एकविंशदिनास्तत्र मासेकर्घाटका त्रय ॥७॥
In the same way, the manuscript of Pati Šāhikā Beorā narrates the reasons
of downfall of Prathavi Rāja as follows
तब राजा पृथ्वीराज सजोगता परगी । जीह राजा कैसा कुल मौला १६ सूरी का १०० हुआ त्याके भरोसे परणी ल्यायो । लडाई सावता करी । परणी राजा जैचद पूगली पूग्यो नहीं। संजोगता सरूप हुई । तहि के बसी राजा हुवो। सौ म्हैला ही का रहो । महीना पदरा बारा ने नीसर्यो नही ।
We find references not only to the rulers of Delhi but also to rulers of states, Governors of provinces and districts and big Jagirdārs. Information about the rulers of various Rājput states of Jaipur, Bikāner Udaipur, Bündi, Kotāh, Bharatpur and others can be collected. The references show that some of the Rajpūt rulers and administrators were great patrons of literature and art and under their rule, several manuscripts were copied. They encouraged scholars and patronized them.
Apart from the independent historical works, there are several works in which the authors make casual or incidental references which sometimes also prove helpful.
Banārsidasa, a famous poet of 17th century makes brief but correct references to Akbar and Jahangira and Sahjahan in his "Ardha Kathanak" a life history of the poet himself :
सत् सौलह वासठा,
आयो कातिक पावस नठा । छत्रपति अकबर साहि जनाल,
नगर भागरे कीनो काल ।। २४६ ।।
भाई खबर जौनपुर माह,
{ 185
प्रजा अनाथ मई बिनु नाह ।
पुरजन लोग भए भयभीत,
हिरदे व्याकुलता मुख पीत ।। २४७ ||
In the Satmala Varpan a Hindi work of 1764 A. D. the poet Srutasagar gives an enlogic description of Bharatpur and its founder Surajmal.
देस काore विरजि में, वदनस्यंष राजान ।
ताकै पुत्र है मलो, सूरिजमल गुरधाम ।।

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Jaina Grantha Bhandars In Rajasthan.
186 ]
तेजपुज रवि है मलो, न्यायनीति गुणवान,
ताको सुजस है जगत मे, तपे दूसरी मान ॥ तिनह जु नगर बसाइयो, नाम भरतपुर तास ।
सा गजा समदिष्टि है, पर विच्यार उपवास ।।
Manna Lala, a scholar of Jaipur wrote "Caritrastra" in the year 1814 A.D. and at the end of the, work he describes Jaipur as follows
तहा सवाई जयपुर नाम, लसत नगर रचना अभिराम । वह जिन मन्दिर सहित मनोग्य, मान सुरगण बमने जोग्य ॥४॥ जगतसिंह राजा तसु जान, कपत प्ररिमन करे प्रनाम । तेजदत सवतन विशाल, रीझत गुनजन करत निहाल ॥५॥
Jagat Răm, the writer of 'Padmanandı Panca-vinsati' writes about Aurangzeb:
नवखड मे जाकी पान, तेजवत दीपै जिम मान । राज करे श्रीप्रवरगसाहि, जाकै नहीं किसी परवाहि ।।
Lohat a famous poet of Hindi literature completed his Yaśodhar Caupai in the year 1664 A. D. He gave some description of the Raja of Būndi named Bhāvsingh in the following way .
बदी इन्द्रपुरी जखिपुरी कि कुवेरपुरी,
रिद्धि सिद्धि भरी द्वारिका सी धरी घर मे। धोलहर धाम घर घर मे विचित्र वाम,
नर कामदेव जैसे मेवे सुखसर मे। वापी वाग बारूण बाजार वीथी विद्या वेद,
विबुध विनोद बानी बोले मुखि नर मे । तहां कर राज भावम्यघ महाराज,
हिन्दुधर्म लाज पातिमाही प्राज कर में ।
There are hundreds of the references in the Prasastis of the texts written by the Jaina authors.
Apart from the historical references about the rulers, there is a material for the Jaina Devāns and Administrators of States like Jaipur, Jodhpur. Bikaner, Udaipur and Bandi. Jainas occupied high posts in the States and always remained

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Importance of The Jaina Grantha Bhandars.
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loyal to their Rulers. The Devans and Administrators served the Rulers not only in the time of peace and prosperity but also in the time of war and troubles.
For the history of some ancient cities and towns not only of Rajasthan but also of India, the manuscripts preserved in these bhandars, can supply material because in the most of the prasastis the names of the cities and towns are invariably mentioned and some descriptions supplied
LITERARY CENTRES
The rulers of Rajasthan States took great interest in literature and patronised poets and scholars. Caraṇas and Bhats who were court poets created poetic literature. In the States there were Grantha Bhandārs or Pothikhānās established by these rulers. Such bhanḍārs are of great importance and exist in Jaipur, Alwar, Udaipur & Bikaner etc. The capitals of these States were the literary centres as the prominent scholars used to live in the Darbars of these Rajput rulers. In the ancient time the cities like Campăvati, Toḍāräisingh, Malpura, Cittor, Nagaur, Mertă, Amer, Ranthambhore, Mandalgarh and Kumbhalgarh etc. were main centres.
But apart from these libraries patronised by the rulers, there were several literary centres which were related to Jainas. These literary centres were generally called the Grantha Bhandars where the work for writing of new works and copying out the old ones used to be done by the scholars These Grantha Bhandars or literary centres were under the spritual heads of Jaina Church or Scholars of high calibre. Jaisalmer, Nagaur, Ajmer, Baran, Fatehpur, Amer, Kotah, Ranthambhore, Dungarpur were the centres under the Bhaṭṭārakas or Jatis while the Bhandais of Sanganer, Jaipur, Bundi, Campāvati, Udaipur and Sagwara were under the scholars who were generally requested by the house-holders to compose works for the laity
These Grantha Bhandars remained the centres of literary activities of many scholars. Padmanandi, Harişena (10th Century), Hari Bhadra Süri, Aśādhar (13th century), Bhaṭṭāraka Sakal Kirti (15th century), Bhuwan Kirti (16th century), Subha Candra (16th century), Rajmalla (16th century), Todarmal (18th century), Jaya Candra (19th century) and hundreds of others composed new works sitting in these bhandars. The work of copying out the manuscripts was also continuously done for years together in the bhandārs of Todiraisingh, Mälpura, Jaisalmer, Nagaur, Ajmer, Amer, Campāvati etc. We shall now give a short description of the literary centres which flourished in the past but at present have no grantha bhandārs or have small and insignificant collections.

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188 1
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Raiasthan.
AMER
Its real name was Ambara' which is said to have been founded by Ambarısı son of Mändhātā. It is also said that Amer is a corruption of Ambarişanagar. The other name of the old city is Ambavati. Mahātmā Dhanraja used the same word in his Prasasti of, Karma Kända written in the year 1700. According to the 'Amer Rājās Paṭṭāvali", it was made a capital in the year 1192 A.D. by Raja Kilan It was also famous by the name of Amragarh. During the reign of Rājā Mansingh it acquired a prominent place in the Rajput States. Rāja Mänsingh made Dilarama Garden at the foot of Amer Palace or Fort There is a temple of Kali who was brought by the same Raja from Bengal and which is also famous by the name of Ambå
Amer remained also a centre of Jainas. There are 8 old Jaina temples in the city and temple of Neminatha called Samwala Bābā kā Mandir is the oldest one. A Grantha Bhandar was also established when the temple was constructed. It developed in the time of Bhattaraka Lalit Kiti (16td century). In the year 1559, Pandava Purana3 was copied by Šah Nema and presented to Mandalacarya Lalit Kirti. There are several manuscripts in the Grantha Bhandar of Amer, Jaipur and other places which were copied in this city. Some of the manuscripts copied in this city are as follows:--
(1) In the year 1554 A. D. Jindatta Carita' of Pandit Lakhu was copied. Rājas Bharmalla was then the ruler of the city.
(2) Harivansa Purana' was got copied by Shrimati Khemi for the presentation to Mandalacărya Lalit Kirti in the year 1559 A. D. Rājā Bharmalla was the Ruler of the city
(3) Vadhaman Katha" of Jaymitrahala, an Apabhramsa poet, was copied in the year 1598 A D. in the Neminatha Jaina temple. Raja Män Singh was the Ruler of Amer at that time.
(4) In the year 1640 A.D. Samavasara Kalsa' was copied under Maharāja Jaisingh.
1 Arch Survey Report Vol. 2.
2. Prasasti Sangrah-Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur 8
3. to 5. Ibid.
6. Grantha Bhandar, Jaina Temple Patodi, Jaiput.
7. Ibid.

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. Not only where the manuscripts copied but there had been Scholars who contributed several works to this city. Biharilal, a famous Hindi poet wrote Bihari Satsai in the Amer City. Nemicandra composed Harivansapurana in the year 1712 A.D. in Hindi. He describes Amer in the following manner :
प्रवावती गढ़ सौमिता, गिर बिच बस अपार ।। कोट बुरजि अरू कांगुरा, दरवाजा बहू सार ।।३.. बाजार मोहे चौपडि तणा, विधिध वस्त अपारतो । पाटबर भरिया सबै, मरिण मोती परवारतो ।।४।। कोलग सोमा वरणइ, गली गली मोमो बाजारतो। मन धन कपडा स्यो भरया, भरि बेचे ले मोल प्राइतो ।।५।। महिला की पकति सौमिति, सप्त भूमि उपरि विस्तार तो, मंडी चौबारा प्रति घरणा, नर नारी देवकुमार तौ ॥६॥
--Amér Gästra Bhandar-Jaipur.
Ajayaraja was the another poet who wrote more than 20 works in Hindi. He was 18th century poet. In his Neminātha Caupai (1741 A.D) he gives a beautiful description of Amer -
अजयराज इह कीयो बखारण, राज सवाई जयसिह जाण । अबावती सहरे सुम थान, जिन मन्दिर जिम देव विमारण।। नीर निवारण सोहे बन राई, बेलि गुलाब चमेली जाइ । चपो मरवो अरु सेवति, यो हो जाति नाना विष कीती।। बह मेवा बहुविधि सार, वरणत मोहे लागे वार । गढ मन्दिर कछु कहो न जाय, मविया लोग बमै अधिकाइ । तामे जिन मन्दिर इम सार, तहा विराजे श्री नेमिकुमार । स्याममूर्ति सोभा प्रति घणी, ताकी वोपमा जाइ न गणी।।
Dipa Canda Kåsliwal was a Hindi prose writer of 18th century. He lived Sangāner for some time but afterwards he left that city and began to live in Amer.
He completed his Cidavilasa in the year 1723 A D. at Amer. He mentioned the same at the end of the work:
यह ग्रन्थ दीपचन्द साधमी कीयो है वास सागानेर । पामेर मे पाये तब यह ग्रन्थ कियो । सक्त् १७७६ मिति फागुण बुदी पचमी को यह ग्रन्थ पूर्ण कियो ।
The other poets and scholars --related to Amer City are Surendra Kirti (17th century), Khusala Cand Kala (18th century), Thansingh (18th century) and Devendra Kirti (18th century).

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190
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan
Thansingh in his "Subudhi Prakāša" wrote the foilowing description of Amor City :
तामधि प्रवाति पूरसार, चौगिरदा परबत प्रधिकार । वस्तो तल ऊपरी सांधनी, ज्यो दाडिम बोजन तै बनी ।। साको जैसिध नामा भूप, सूरजवम विष जु अनूप । न्यायवत बुधिवत विमाल, परजापालक दीनदयाल ।
Bhattaraka Surendra Kiru wrote Adityavár Kathă a Hindi poem in the year 1687 A.D, a manuscript of which is preserved in the Sāstra Bhandār of Jaina Tample Badhicand. The other Bhattārakas Jagat Kirti and Devendra Kiti were also great lovers of literature and some manuscripts which were got written on the initiative of these Bhattārakas are preserved in the Amer såstra Bhandar, Jaipur.
Nand Rama was a non-Jaina poet. He wrote a Paccisi in the year 1667 A D. in the Amer City. He gave his own description in the following lines :
72 727 aarafa 9111 मूत बलगम गोत है रावत, मत है कृष्ण उपामी ॥२४॥
Amer remained the centre of Bhattarakas for a long time. The first who established the Bhattáraka Gadi in the year 1665 A. D. was Surendra Kirti' and the other two Bhațțärakas sat on this Gadi also in Amer.
2. Ā VĀN
It is an old town in the Tonk District Previously it was a Jägir town. In the sixteenth century this place was a literary centre of the Jainas. Varanga Carita of Bhajtáraka Vardhamana Deva was copied in the year 1527 A.D In the year 1536 there had been a great Pratisthā ceremony of Jaina Tirthankar Lord Neminátha under the guidance of Mandalacarya Dharmacandra. There is a big inscription in Jaina temple of Maharaja (Surya Sena of Solanki dynasty. In it the names of the two princes namely Prathvi Rija and Purana Malla have been mentioned. On & small hill near town, three statues of Bhattaraka Prabha Candra, Jina Candra and Dharma Candra, were erected.
1. Bhattaraka Paavalı--Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
2. Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.

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Importance of The Jaina Grantha Bhandars.
Though it was an important centre there is no Grantha Bhandar at present in its temple, when its adjacent towns such as Dani, Rajmahal and Uniyärä have some sort of manuscript collections. It is possible that the manuscript written in the village might have been removed by the Bhattarakas to some other places.
3, BAIRATH
It is a town 41 miles to the north of Jaipur City. It was the capital of Virăța Raja, King of the Matsya-deśa where five Pandavas lived in hiding for one year. The Pandu hill at Bairath which has a cave called Bhimgupta, contains an inscription of Asoka. In the 16th century, there was here a great Hindi scholar called Pandit Rajmall He composed Latt Samită on the request of Sähu Phamen. At the same time the elder brother of Sahu Phamen constructed a big Jaina temple..
तत्रायस्य वरो सुतो वरगुरणो न्योताह्न सघाधिपो ।
येनैते ज्जिन मन्दिरस्फुटमिह मोत गमप्येद्भुत ।। वराटनगरे निधाय विधिवत् पूजाश्च बह्वयः कृतः । अत्रामुत्र सुखमद: स्वयशसः स्तमसमारोपितः ॥
[191
-Latt Sahhită p. 73
And in the same temple Bhattaraka Somasena composed Rama Purana' in Sak Samvat 1656 in which he described the town in the following lines:---
वैराटविषये रम्ये जितुरनगरे बरे मन्दिरे ।
पार्श्वनाथस्य सिद्ध ग्रन्थ शुभे दिने ||
Manuscript of Gyanarnava was copied in the year 1619 A. D. while Balbhadra Purina of Raidhu Kavi, a work of Apabhraṁśa language, was copied in the year 1673 A.D, by Sri Prema Rama on the request of Kusal Singh. The first manuscript is in the Sastra Bhandar of Jaina Tholia temple Jaipur while the latter one is in the Sastra Bhandar of Jaina temple Pățodi of Jaipur.
4. BUNDI
Bundi is an old town of Rajasthan and is situated 20 miles west of Kotah. Bandi was the capital of former Bündī State. The area of Kotäh, Bundi and
:. Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.

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Jhalawar is called Haḍauti Pradeśa. For centuries the rulers of Bundi played a prominent part in this region and the mughal Empire.
<
Jaina Granibs Bhandars in Rajasthan.
Bundi also remained a literary centre for a long time specially in 17th 18th, and 19th centuries Padmanabha, a Rajasthani poet of 17th century has given a description of the city in his work Yasodhara Caupai :
•
बूदी इन्द्रपुरी जखिपुरी कि कुबेरपुरी,
रिद्धि सिद्धि मरी द्वारिका मी घरी घर मे । धौलहर धाम घर घर मे विचित्र वाम,
;
नर कामदेव जैसे सेवे मुखसर में । वापी बाग बारूण बाजार बीथी विद्या वेद,
विबुध विनाद बानो बोले मुखि नर मे । तहा करे राज राव भावस्यघ महाराज,
हिन्दु धर्म लाज पातिसाहि श्राज कर मे ।
Dila Rama was another Jaina Hindi writer of the 18th century. He wrote a description of Bundi in his Dila Rama Vilas and Atmadwadası which was completed in Samwat 1768 (1711 A.D) as follows
:
बन उपवन चहु नदन से मधि, गिर मेर नदी गंग सम सोमहि बढावति । अतुल विलास मे वसय सर्व धनपति' धन 'मोन भोन रंभातिय गावति । महल विमान समा सुम्मधि राजं, राव बुद्ध छ जिम जाके निति लछिमनावनी । ग्रन्थनि में मुनियन नैननि को प्रमिलाम, पूजत लखे से प्रेमी बूंदी अमरावती ॥
Dila Rama in his next work "Vrat Vidhana Raso3" a work of describes 1710 AD the city in the following way :
ग्रहो बूदी जी नम्र हाड तता थान राज करे बुर्षासह कुल मानु । पौन छत्तीस लीला करे, गढ अरू कोट वन उपवन वास । महल तलाब देवल छत्रा, श्रावक धर्म चने बहु भाय ॥
1 Amer Sästra Bhandar, Jaipur
In the end of the 18th century there was again a poet named Hiră who composed Nemi-Vyāhalo in the year 1791 A. D. At the end of his work he has written some lines about Bundi which run as follows:
2 10 3 Ibid.
.....

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मरल पठारामै परमाण, ता पर प्रडतालीस बखाण । पौष कृष्ण पांचे तिथि भागा, वार वृहस्पति मन मे पागण ।। बूदी को छ महा सुमथान, तामे नेम जिमालय जान । ती मध्ये पडित वर भाग, रहै कवीश्वर उपमा गाय ।।
Apart from the original works, copies of several works were made. Manuscript of Samyaktva Kaumudi was copied in the year 1503 A.D. It was called by the name of Vrandāvati capital of Hāda Rajputs in a manuscript of Gyana Sūryodaya Nāțaka preserved in Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur, Atmānuśasan was copied in the year 1791 A. D. in Neminātha Jaina temple. Some of the manuscripts which were copied in the Bundi City are as follows --
S No.
Name of Manuscripts
Language
Year
Rima Vinoda
Hindi
1673 A.D.
Carcāsāra Sangrah
1677
Rāmapuräna by Somasena
Samskrit
1800
Samavasarana Pujā
Hindi
1810
Sudarsana Carita by Vidyānandi
Samskrit
1816
Adipulāna by Sakallirti
do
1853
Yasodhra Carita
--do
1854
Nemi Purāna by Bhāgacanda
Hindi
1904
From the manuscripts found in the astra Bhandir, it appears that in the past the city remained a great literary centre There was every facility for scholars to write and copy out manuscripts. For this work the temples of Nāgadi (Neminitha) and Ādinātha were the main centres as in the Grantha bhandārs of these temples, implements for copying out the manuscripts have been found.
5. RANTHAMBHORE, SERGARH AND SAWĀIMĀDHOFUR
The fort of Ranthambhore was a centre of literary activity from the very beginning. There were several Jaina temples and one of them still exists there. The image of this temple is considered to be of the 12th century of Vikram Era. There is no Sastra Bhandar at present but the copies of the manuscripts available in other Grantha bhandārs show that in the past this fort was a centre of literary

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activity. Jinadatta Carita, an Apabhramsa work of Lakhu, was copied here in the year 1549 A.D. in Santinatha Jaina temple of the fort and presented to Bhattaraka Lalit Kirti. Khidarkhan was then the Governor of the fort. The manuscript is preserved in the Grantha bhandar of Jaina Tholia temple. Brahma Raymall a famous Hindi poet of 16th century wrote Srīpāla Rasa in the year 1583 A. D. According to him the Ranthambhore' was full of wealth in the time of Akbara, Emperor of Delhi. In this work he describes Ranthambhore in detail. Pandit Jinadasa lived near the Ranthambhore fort and wrote Holi Carita' in the year 1551 A.D.
Gachăcăra Sūtra was copied in the year 1587 A.D. by Puranamal Kayastha in the fort. The manuscript is at present placed in the Săstra Bhandar of Surat.
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
After Ranthambhore, Sawaimadhopur was founded by Mahārājā Sawāi Madhosingh in the year 1768 A.D. and the population which was previously on the fort settled down under the foot of the fort which is about 10 miles from here. Campărăma a Hindi scholar translated Bhadra Bahu Carita in Hindi in the year 1811 A.D He refers to himself3 at the beginning of the work.
1
हो रणभ्रमर सोभो कविलास, मरिया नीर तान चहुपास | वाग बिहर बावडी घरगी हो, धन कन संपत्ति तो निधान । साहि अकबर राजह हो, सोमा धगी जिमो सुर पान ||२||
2
श्री ररणस्तममदुर्गे समीपस्थे मखप्रदे ।
नानावृक्षै समाकीर्ण सरोमि सरुजस्तथा ॥ ५८|| जिनागारयुते रम्ये नवलक्षपुरे शुभे । वासिना जिनदासेन पडितेन सुमिता ||५|| दृट्वा पूर्व्वकथामेकपचाशत ५१ श्लोकसयुता : पुरे सेरपुरे शांतिनाथचैत्यालये वरे ॥ ६०॥
काशीतासुमिते : १६०८. सवत्मरेतथा । ज्येष्ठमासे सितेपक्षे दशम्या शुक्रवासरे ॥ ६१॥
3. देश दूढाहड मध्यपुर माधव सूवस्थान ।
जगतसंघ ता नगरपति, पातल राज महान ||३॥ सहा वसे एक वैश्य शुभ हीरालाल सुजान ।
जाति भावक न्याति में, खडेलवाल शुभजान ||४|| गोत गांवसा फुनि घरे, परम गुनी गुण धाम ।
तिनके अति अति दीन सुत उपनो चंपाराम ॥५॥

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The place near Ranthambhore was also called Sherpur or Shergarh. Some population pertaining to the fort also lived under the foot. Bhavasangrah' was copied in the year 1552 A.D. while Holi Renuka Carital was copied in the year 1551 A.D. by Sah Karmana and presented to Acārya Lalit Kirti.
In the manuscript of Pārswanātha Cariu; of Sridhar, Sherpur has been called as the Branch of Ranthambhore fort. Thus the Ranthambhore fort and its adjacent areas which are called Shergarh and Sawāımadhopur remained literary centre for many years.
6. CĀKSO
Cāksū which was famous by the name of Campăvati in the ancient times remained a great centre of learning for a long time. Under the Solanki Ruler Rāmacandra and the feudatory ruler of Sangräma Sinha it remained the seat of learning and Jaina literature flourished exceedingly. The earliest manuscript which was copied in Campăvati belongs to the year 1461 A.D. There are hundreds of the manuscripts which were copied here, are at present available in the various Bhandārs of Rajasthan. It was the birth place of the several scholars and poets. Nathmal, a Hindi, poet of 17th century describes city in his 'Vanka Cora Dhandan Katha' as a prosperous town.
1
Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
2. Sastra Bhandar Jain temple Patodi, Jaipur.
3
Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
4
Śästra Bhandar, Tholià Jaina temple, Jaipur
पढसी सुरणसी जे नर कोय, क्रम क्रम ते मुक्ति ही होय । सहर चाटसू सुवस वास, तिहपुर नाना भोग विलास ।।२७७।। नवसे कूवा नवसे ठाय, ताम पोखरी कह्या न जाय । तामे बडो जगौली राव, सबै लोग देखण को भावहा२७८।। पंडीत माहि बरणी चौकोर, नीर मरे नारी बहु पोर । चकवा चकवी केल कराहि, वाधिक ताहि नही दुख दाय ॥२७६।। छत्री चौतरा बैठक घरपी, पर मसजद तुरका की वरणी । चढ़ पा रूष वृक्ष चहं छाय, पंथी देखि रहे बिस्माय ।।२८०॥ बहुषा पाट अधिक बणाय, पीवै संग बछा पर गाय । सहर बीचि ते कोट उनग, ताहि बुरज प्रतिवरणी सुचग ।।२८१।।
Contd ...

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taina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan
Vaca Rāja a famous Hindi Jaina writer of the 16th century who also wrote more than 10 works in Hindi lived here some ume. The manuscript of Samyaktva Kaumudi' was presented to him by Sravaka Kama and his wife Karmade in the year 1525 A.D.
In Samvat 1583 (1526 A.D) Candra Prabha Carita? of Yasah Kirti was copied in this town then known as Campavati. Ränä Sangrām Singh stated to be the ruler and Rao Rama Candra as an Administrator. This manuscript exists at present in Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
(4) Contd
चह धा खाई भरी मुभाय, एक कोम जागी गिरदाव । चह धा वणे अधिक बाजार, वसै बरिणक कर व्यापार ॥२८२।। कोई मोनो रूपो कर्म, काई मोती मागिएक लमै । कोई बेचे टका रोक, केई बजाजी रोका ठोकि ।।२८३।। कोई परचूना बेचे नाज, केई एकठे मेल साज । केई उधार दाम की गाठि, केई पसारी माडे हाटि ।।२८४।। च्यार देव । जिणवर तरणा, ता महि बिव बढो प्रति घगा। करे महोछे पजा सार, श्रावक लोया मब प्राचार ।।२८५॥ वाई जती रहण को जाव, उनही हार दोज करि भाव । और देहरे वैमनु तग्गा, धर्म करै मगला प्रापरणा ।।२८६।। नौरगमाहि राज ते घरे, पौण छतीमो लीला करे । कह चौबा चदन महकाय, कहू अगरजा फल बिमाय ।।८।। नगर नायका मोभा धरे, पान नव रचित बोली करे। श्रमो सहर और नही सही, दुखी दलिद्री दीमे नही ।।२८८।। हाकिम से मदारखा मही, और जोर कोउ दीस नही। पाले परजा चाले न्याय, सीलवत नर लाभ क हाय ।।२८६।। मवत् मतरामै पचीस, प्रषाड वदी जाणो वर तीज । वारज मामवार ते जारिग, कथा सपगण मई परमाया ॥२६॥ पदमो सुगमी जैनर कोय, ते नर स्वर्ग देवता होय । भूल चूक कही लिखयो होय, नथमल क्षमा करो मब कोय ॥२६१।।
1. संवत् १५८२ वर्षे फाल्गुण मुदी १४ शुमदिने श्रीमूलसघे बलात्कारगणे मरस्वतीगच्छे नद्याम्नाये
श्रीकुन्दकुन्दाचार्यन्वये भट्टारक श्री पद्मनन्दिदेवातपट्टे मट्टारक श्री शुमचन्द्रदेवातत्पट्टे भट्टारकजिनचन्द्रदेवातत्पट्टे मट्टारक प्रमाचन्द्रदेवा दाम्नाये चपावतीनामनगरे महाराव
श्री रामचन्द्र राज्ये खडेलबालान्वये ... इद शास्त्र लिखाप्य कर्मक्षयनिमित्त ब्रह्मवचाय दत्त । 2 Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.

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[ 197
There is another manuscript of Sågår Dharmamrata' in the Sastra Bhandar of Jaina.Terapanthi temple Jaipur which was copied in Sathvat 1585 (1528 A.D). This manuscript also gives the same information about the city. But in the manuscript of Vaddhamana? Kahå which was copied one year earlier than the manuscript of Sagar Dharmamrata, the ruler's name is Rama Candra Solanki.
Caksū was a literary centre in which there was a good arrangement for copying out the manuscripts and thus the town was the centre place of scholars. In the 15th, 16th and 17th century, several manuscripts were written and sent to various places of Rajasthan. Some of the manuscripts which were copied in this town are follows:
(1) Upasakādhyayan' of Vasunandi was copied in 'Sahvat 1623 (1566
AD). At this time the town seems to have come under Amer as name of the Ruler has been named as Bhärämalla.
(2) Şat Pāhude with the commentary of Srutaságar was copied in the
year 1537 A.D. The manuscript exists at present in the Amer Šāstra Bhandar, Jaipur. This was also got written by Näthamal.
(3) After eight years the above work was again copied in 1545 A.D. in
the Pārsvanatha temple under the guidance of Mandalācārya Dharmacandra.
1. मडलाचार्य श्रीधर्मचन्द्राम्नाये खंडेलवालान्वये चपावतीवास्तव्ये रावश्रीरामचन्द्रसोलकीराज्ये
पाटणी गोत्रे साह कान्हा इद शास्त्र लिखापित । 2. सवत् १५८४ वर्षे चैत्र सुदी १४ शनिबारे पूर्वनक्षत्रे श्री चपावतीकोटे श्री सग्रामस्य राज्ये राइ
श्री रामचन्द्रराज्ये । 3 सवत् १६२३ वर्षे पौष वुदी २ शुक्रवासरे श्री पार्श्वनाथचैत्यालये गढचपावतीमध्ये महाराजाधिराज
श्रीभारमलकछवाहाराज्ये श्रीमूलसघे बलात्कारगणे सरस्वतीगच्छे कुदकु दाचार्यन्वये.. . ... एतेषां
मध्ये इद शास्त्र लिखापितं शीलशालिनी देवगुरूभक्ति बहूश्रीजैसिरी अजिका श्रीमुक्तिदत्त। 4. सवत् १५६४ बर्षे महासुदी २ बुधवारे श्रवणनक्षत्रे श्रीमूलसधे बलात्कारगणं . धर्मचन्द्रदेवाम्नाये
खडेलवालान्वये चपावतीनगरे राठोडवशे रावभीवीरमराज्ये बाकलीवालगोत्रे स० तीकी भार्या
दूनी. पुत्र नथमल इद शास्त्रं लिखापित । 6. संवत् १६०२ वर्षे वैशाख सुदी १० तिथो रविवामरे उत्तराफाल्गुननक्षत्रे राजाधिराजशाहमालम
राज्ये नगरचपावतीमध्ये भीपार्श्वनाथचैत्यालये श्रीमूलसघे नद्याम्नाये बलात्कारगणे सरस्वतीगच्छे भट्टारकी फुदकुदाचार्यान्वये भट्टारकीपद्मनन्दीदेवास्तत्पढ़े मट्टारकभीशुभचन्द्रदेवा स्तत्पट्टे मट्टारकबीजिनचन्द्रदेवास्तत्पट्टे भट्टारकश्रीप्रमाचन्द्रदेवास्तत शिष्यमडलाचार्य पी धर्मचन्द्रदेवास्तदाम्नाये खडेलवालान्वये ।

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)
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthaa.
(4) Sripala Carita' of Pandit Narsena was written by Vidya Bhusana in
Sarvat 1632 (1575 A.D.). The city has been named both as Catso and Campavati.
(5) Dharma Praśnottora Sravakácāra? was copied in Samvat 1633 (1576
A.D.) in Adinatha Jaina temple. Maharaja Bhagwana Dasa of Amer has been stated as a Ruler.
7. SAMBHAR
Sambhur is a very old city in Rajasthån. It is situated at a distance of 7 miles from Phulera Junction in the Ajmer Division of Rajasthan. It was the capital of Sapāda Laksa' and was called Sākambhari. It is situated on the lake side, now a days is known by the name of Sambhar Lake. It was under the Cauhåna Rijputs till the 12th century. It remained a great political centre for about one thousand years and when Prithavi Rāja IlI was defeated by Mohammad Ghort, it ceased to be an independent State and fall successively into the hands of different rulers. Before the formation of Rajasthan it was under Jaipur and Jodhpur States.
In the 17th century there had been one Hindi Scholar Sah Lohat who composed Yasodhar Caupai' in Samvat 1721 (1664 A.D.). He gave some description of Sambhar in the end of his book which runs as under .
श्रीमागस्यप हिदवानपति. छत्रांतलक सुम सिरपस्यौ ।
साभरि नरेस राजे तखत, बखत दस दिसउ धरयो ।।८।। मही महोल मेर सम राव, दिन दिन बधौ चौगिनी प्राव ।
चद सूर घर सेष महेस, तो लग राज भोगवो देस ।।६।। पर घर वृधि वधावा होइ, कान पड्यो नविसुन जे कोई ।
fraint Trop gant ar 10, of gra * To to 118011
In the Sashvat 1786 (1729 A.D.) Adipurana of Jinasenācārya was copied by Ghisilal,
'1 Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
2. Ibid. 3. Rajputana kā Itthåsa by G. S. Ojha. p. 2 4. Prasasti of Haryanatha Mandir of Sekhawati of 973 A.D. 5. Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur. 6. Ibib.

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8. SANGANER
Sängāner, an old town of the former Jaipur State is 8 miles from Jaipur City. Before the foundation of the Jaipur City, it was a prominent business and literary centre of Rājasthan. It remained under the Rulers of Amer. There is a Jaina temple called temple of Sanghiji which was constructed in the 12th century. This temple was a seat of literary activity. There were also other Jaina temples, manuscripts of which were transferred to Sastra Bhandars of Jaipur.
From 16th to 19th century the town remained a centre of literary activity. It was the birth place of several poets and scholars such as Khuśal Canda Kala (17th century), Jodhrāja Godika (17th century) Kisana Singh (18th century) etc. etc. Brahma Raymalla, a 16th century poet, settled down here and composed some Hindi works. He describes Sanganer in his Bhavişya Datta Kathå about as under :
देश ढूढाहड सोमा घणी, पुजं तहा प्रालि मण तणी।
निर्मल तल नदी वहु फिरे, मुख से बस बहु सांगानेरि । चहु दिमि बरण्या भला बाजार, भरे पटोला मोती हार ।
भवन उत्तुग जिनेश्वर तरणा, सौभे चंदवा तोरण घणा । राजा राजे भगवतदास, राजकंवर सेतहि बहतास ।
Kishan Singh, a poet of 18th century lived here and wrote Kriya Koşa' in the year 1727 A.D. His other works are Punyasrava Katha Kosa, and Caubisa Dandaka, etc. Poet Hemarāja also lived here for some time and after-wards he went to Kama where he composed Doha Sataka.
1. सत्रह सवत् चौरासिया सु भादों मास,
वर्षा रिति श्वेत तिथि पन्यो रविवार है। सतिविषा रिषि प्रति नाम जोग कुम,
समिस्यंध को दिन समूहरत प्रति सार है। टूडारह देश जानं बस सांगानेरि थानं,
जैसिंह सवाई महाराज निति पार है। ताकै राजसम परिपरण की इह कथा,
भव्यन के हिरदै हुलास देनहार है।

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Jaina Granths Bhandars in Rajasthan,
In the 17th century Jodhraja Godika was a prominent scholar. He wrote more than 10 works in Sanganer. He wrote a good description of Sanganer' in his Pravacanasar (1669 A.D).
The town was also centre of social reforms. The Terapanthi sect among the Digambar as flourished here under the patronage of Amarcanda Godīkā, Pannalal who wrote Teră Pantha Khăndăn, described the beginning of Ter. pantha in the following way
पहले एक दिगबर जानो, तातै श्वेताम्बर निकसानो। तिन मे ईकमि भई मति मारी, सो तो सब जानत नरनारी। ताही माहि बहसि अब करके, तेरहपथ चलायो अडि के।
9 SĀGWĀRĀ
Sagwära is a town in the Dungarpur District and is situated 26 miles south-west of the Dungarpur City. It was the seat of the Jainas in that area and the Rulers of Dungarpur were the patrons of Jaina religion, Dungarpur and Sagwără were therefore centres of the Jaina literary activity. The installation ceremony. on Bhattáruka Gadi of Bhattāraka Dharmakirti was performed here. He wrote Prasnottara Srāva kācāra, Parsva Purana. Sukumäla Carita and Mülācāra Pradipa etc. Bhattaraka Sakal Kirtic composed Adinatha Purana here.
1 सत्रहमै छबीस सुम, विक्रम साक प्रमान ।
__ अरू भाशे मुदि पचमी, पूरन ग्रन्थ बखान ।। मृन य धरमहि सुख करन, मबन पनि मिर भूप ।
मागम्यष जयम्यष मुव, रामस्यध मुख रूप ॥ ताके राज मु चन मौ, कीयो ग्रन्थ यह जोध ।
___ मागार सुथान मे, हिरदे धारि सुबोध ।। जो कह मेरी चूक , लोज्यौ सत सुधारि ।
वरण छद को देखि कं, गूण मोगुण सविचारि ।। यहा मिथ हरिनाम जी, रहो सदा सुग्ख रूप।
ताकी सगत जो करी, पायो काव्य सरूप । 1. Bhattaraka Partavali of Sastra Bhandar, Udaipur. 2. Sakal Kirti Räsa of Sastra Bhandar, Udaipur.

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haṭṭāraka Subha Candra wrote his Pandava Purana in the year 1551 A. D. in this city. Besides several manuscripts which were copied in Sagwara are at present preserved in the various Grantha Bhandars. Some of the manuscripts written in this town, are as follows:
(1) Jiwandhar Rasa' was copied in the year 1582 A.D. by Brahma Sekhar for his own reading.
(2) Sabdārṇava Candrika of Bhattaraka Devendra Kirti was copied in the year 1556 A.D. by Brahma Tejapāla.
(3) Şadavaśyak was got written by some Guna Candra in 1582 A.D. for his own reading.
(4) There is a manuscript of Harivanśapurana in Udaipur Grantha Bhandar which was written here in the year 1628 A.D. A Gutakā now in Sastra Bhanḍār, Ajmer was also written here in 1635 A.D.
A letter of historical importance was written in the year 1596 AD. by Acarya Guna Candra. Another such letter was written by the same Acarya in which it is mentioned that Acarya Sakal Candra established the Bhattaraka Găḍı in this town.
10. MERTĀ
Mertā is an old town of Rajasthan. In Samskrit it has been named as Mandantak. According to the inscription of Vikram Samvat 894 Merta was made a capital by the 8th predecessor of Nagabhatta of Bauk who was ruler of Mandava. There are two inscriptions of the 12th century here. Though they are newly cons tructed but some of the images installed there are of the 14th century. Several manuscripts were written here and at present they exist in the various Bhandārs Some of them are as follows:
(1) Harivansapuraṇa of Jinasenācārya was copied in the year 1516 A.D. This is at present in the Grantha Bhandar of Jaina Temple, Patodi, Jaipur.
1. Amer Săstra Bhandar, Jaipur.
2. Sastra Bhandar Sambhavanatha Temple, Udaipur.
3. to 5. Ibid.

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Jauna Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan
(2) In the year 1535 A. D. Saṭkarma Granthavacuri was copied in Mertă city. Rajadhiraja Viramdeva was the Ruler at that time. The manuscript is at present in the Parsvanatha Gyana Bhandar Pāṭān.
(3) Anuvrata Ratna Pradipa' was written in the year 1538 A.D. by Muni Punya Kiri. Malde Rathore was the Ruler at that time.
(4) Nandi Sūtra was written in the year 1572 A D. by Caudhari Jodhpura and at present exists in the Khambhata Bhandar.
(5) Saubhagya Pancami Katha which was composed by Kanak Kuśala and was revised by Pandit Padma Vijay and Bhima Vijay in the year 1598 AD was copied in the same year by the three scholars at the request of Vinajung Sundai
(6) Samyaktva Kaumudi was written in the year 1554 A D. by Gyana Tilak pupil of Karma Tilak for himself. This manuscript is at present in the Amer Sastra Bhandar Jaipur
(7) Vaiyakarana Bhusanam3 was written in the year 1770 AD by Sundar Vijay and Mahipala Canta3 was also copied in the year 1738 A D.
The City was also known by the name of Merta Garh and has been referred to by the same name in many manuscripts, two of which are as follows -
(1) Risi Prakaranam-it was written in the year 1551 by Caritrodaya. (2) Diwali Kalpa' was copied by Muni Jaysingha in the year 1619 A D Thus from the above references it may be stated that Merta was once remained a great literary centre.
EDUCATIONAL CENTRES
The importance of the Jaina Grantha Bhandars is not only from the historical and literary point but they are equally important from the educational point also. These Grantha Bhandars were great educational centres also. In the big
1. Sastra Bhandar, Chani.
2. to 4. Ibid.
5. Brihad Gyana Bhandar. Jaisalmer.

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centres like Amer, Ajmer, Jaisalmer, Någaur, Sägwara, Bīkāner, there were arrangement for imparting education to the adults and children. After primary education the students were taught Prakrit and Samskrit. At least for every Jaina child, primary education was socially compulsory and after completing this education, the students used to read Grammar, Koşa, Kavya, Dramas and boooks of Philosophy The books on Grammar, Koşa and Kāvya were not restricted to works written by Jaina authors only, but the famous books on Grammar like Sāraswata, Siddhanta Candrika, Kåtantra Rūpamālā etc were also read. In lexicography, the books like Ainar Koşa and Nāmamālā of Dhananjaya were taught. In the Kavya literature, the Kavyas written by poets like Kālıdāsa, Bhärvi, Haría etc. were often studied.
In this respect the services of Bhattárakas like Subha Candra2 (1393 to 1450 AD), Jina Candra (1450 to 1514 A.D), Prabhā Candra (1514 to 1523 A.D.), Sakal Kirti (15th century), Subha Candra (16th century) Gyāna Bhūsaņa (16th centurv), Devendra Kirti (17th century) etc are remarkable. They were the main propogators of education. Under each of them there were hundreds of students getting cducation. Like Bhațțărakas, Ācāryas also rendered same services towards "enhancement of education. There were hundreds of students under Ācārya Hema Candra receiving the education on various subjects. There was no systematic or classwise education but the students were educated on the basis of books
In the Grantha Bhandars, there are thousands of manuscripts which were presented to the:r Heads, so that they may be used by the students. Som: of them are given below
(1) Candra Prabhă Carita3 of Subha Candra was presented to Ananda
Rama for Bhagwändāsa, the pupil at the Sāstra Bhandar of Lälsot in the 18th century.
(2) Jiwandhar Carita. of Subha Candra was presented to Pandit Padāratha
for his study in the year 1579 A.D. at Sankhana Village by Sekha son of Sah Udā.
1. The History of Rajputana by G. S. Oiha Vol IP 20
2. Bhattāraka Sampradaya by V P. Johrapurkara
3
Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur Prasasti Sangrah p. 8
4. Ibid p. 15

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(3) Pradyumna Carita of Som Kirti was written by Acarya Devendra Bhüşana for his own study and his pupils Daya Candra, Vardhamana Vimaldāsa, Daulat Rama, Risabha Dāsa, Gulab Canda, Bhagwandasa, Vira Dasa, Moti and Jagjiwan etc. in the year 1667 A.D. The manuscript is available in the Amer Sastra Bhandar at
present.
(4) Pandit Siromani Keŝodsãa got written from Shri Kayastha Puranmala for his study, the manuscript of Bhaktamar Stotra Vritti' in the year 1579 A.D.
(5) Padma Purāņa of Raidhu was presented to one Jindo's wife by Sah Agarmalla for her study. The manuscript was written by Pandit Keso in the year 1599 A.D. at Rohtak. The manuscript is at present in the Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur.
(6) Srāvakācāra of Laxmi Candra was copied by Naina Sagar for the study of Kesari Singh at the Sastra Bhandar of Jaina temple Pățodi Jaipur,
(7) Yasodhara Carita of Brahma Jinadasa was copied at Udaipur by Pandit Rūpacanda for his own study in the year 1769 A.D.
(8) Savaya Dhammadohā Panjika was written for the study of Pandit Laxman in the year 1498. He was the pupil of Bhattaraka Malli Bhüşană.
(9) Bharat Bahubali Carta in Hindi was written in Saka Samvat 1614 for the study of Sanghavi Bhojani.
In this way there are so many manuscripts which were written for the Sadhus and their disciples. This system of presentation of the manuscripts to the monks and the students continued for a long time and thousands of the manuscripts
1 Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur Prasasti Sangrah p. 44
2 Amer Săstra Bhandar, Jaipur.
3. Bhattarkiya Sampradaya p. 197.
4. Ibid.
p. 286.

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had been collected only due to this system. Thus we can say that the Grantha Bhandars gave much help in the spread of education and at one time they remained the pillars of education.
MATERIAL FOR ART AND PAINTING
The Grantha Bhandārs of Rajasthan are equally important for illustrated manuscripts. The Jaina monks and Srāvakas both took great interest in beautifying the manuscripts. They were the lovers of art and painting. These illustrated manuscripts are useful for a study of the History of India miniature and paintings. There are three kinds of illustrated manuscripts namely those of palm leaves, paper and cloth. Besides these three main kinds, there are also wooden plates which have some coloured paintings. Illustrated palm leaf manuscripts are found only in Jaisalmer Bhandārs while the other kind of illustrated manuscripts are found in several Bhandārs and mainly in the Bhandārs of Jaipur, Mozmábad, Ajmer, Nāgaur, Bharatpur, Baswa and Bündi. Though there is not a big number of the illustrated manuscripts yet the material which is found in these Bhandārs of Rajasthan are sufficient to establish the importance of the Bhandārs regarding paintings and miniature.
PALM LEAF MANUSCRIPTS
In preservation of early paintings on palm leaves, the Jaisalmer Bhandar is the foremost one. Though this Grantha Bhandar was established in the 16th century the collection of the illustrated manuscripts throws light on the art of painting from the 12th to the 16th century. There are 35 illustrations in all and the 2 illustrations which are related to Assembly Hall of Jinadutta Süni clearly shows that the old system of paintings of Elora gradually developed further There are good many illustrations on the mixture of Budhistic and Jaina paintings. The illustrations on the life of Lord Neminātha reveal that the painters of the 12th century were not limited to the paintings of the portraits only but they were expert also in making other paintings. The most wonderful painting which has been found on the palm leaves relates to the illustration of Lotus Creeper. The date ot this painting must be about 12th century. The system of this Patrika is just like the painting in Bharat and Bahubali Cand, but there is some special art in the ornaments. In one of the paintings, two ladies are shown enjoying boating'.
1. Jaina Mainature of Western India.

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Jaina Grantha Bhandans in Rajasthan.
In the Jaisalmer Bhandar there is an illustrated manuscript of Kalikacarya Kathånak written on paper. The painting of this manuscript are extra-ordinarily beautiful. It contains folios only from 113 to 146. The folios from 1 to 111 relate to Kalpa Sutra which is also fully illustrated. One manuscript of Kalikācārya Katha written in silver ink is also illustrated. It has only 15 paper folios.)
There is another copy of Kalpa Sätra which is written in silver ink and is full of paintings. A paper manuscript of Kalpa Sätra written in golden is also fully illustrated. This was written in 1467 A. D. Io the Thaharuśah Bhandăr of Jaisalmer, these is one manuscript of Kalpa Sätra on palm leaves which was written in the year 1462 A D It was copied by the Minister Vacakera.
Besides the fully illustrated manuscripts following are the other illustrated plates which have been placed in the Jaisalmer Grantha Bhandārs :
1. There is one plate in which five ceremonies of Lord Mahavira have
been depicted.
2. There is one plate in two parts on which lives of all the 24 Tirthan
karas have been illustrated.
3
In one plate Jal Krida' i. e. Water play has been shown. This plate is important from the point of animal study. In one portion of the plate fourteen dreams have been shown.
There is a life history depicted on one plate relating to Lord Adinatha. It has been divided in two parts. In one part Lord Adinātha after refusal of presents of elephants houses and ladies has been shown accepting the juice of Sugar, cane only. In the second part of the plate Kings like Nemi and Vinami are asking for wealth and money from Lord Adinatha.
The Bikaner Grantha Bhandar also have some illustrated Patrikås written on scroks like Horoscopes. There is one illustrated circular letter which is 72 ft. in length and is preserved in the collection of Abhaya Jaina Granthalaya. This gives complete description of the Udaipur City. It has been prepared in an artistic way. There are another two illustrated circular letters which were issued from Bikāner. The first letter was prepared in the year 1744 A.D. In this letter a Parswanatha Jaina temple has been painted with three Sikhars. Zorawar Singh, the

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Maharaja of Bikāner has been also shown in the painting. It is of 971" x 9" size. The other illustrated letter was written in Sarhvat 1798 (1741 A.D.). It is an invitation letter sent to Jina Saubhagya Säri. The letter is 97 ft. in length and 11" in breadth. It is also a good painting.
Besides these two Grantha Bhandārs mentioned above, other Bhandårs of Rajasthan also contain illustrated manuscripts written on paper, maps and other illustrated material on cloth and a few paintings on wooden plates. A brief description of some of them is as follows:
(1) There is a manuscript of Adipurāņa written by Kavi Puspadanta in
the 10th century. This manuscript was copied in the year 1404 A. D. On the 14th folio of this manuscript there is a painting of Marudevī, mother of Lord Risabha Deva, the first Jaina Tirthankar seeing sixteen dreams. The colour is still in good condition and it has becn drawn on pure Indian style. The manuscript is in the Amer Sastra Bhandār, Jaipur.
(2)
The other fully illustrated manuscript written on paper is also Ādipurāņa of Puspadant, an Apabhraíśa poet of the 10th century. The manuscript is preserved in the Šāstra Bhandar of Jaina Terapanthi temple of Jaipur. The most striking aspect of its composition is the enlarged pictorial area which extends horizontally in some cases to cover the entire length of the folio. The Persian convention of vertical penals was not adopted in these paintings. The back ground colour used is a bold lacquer red, and the other colours being confined to white, black, yellow, Jasmine and green.
In the words of Dr. Moti Cand in the treatment of the human figures, the stylistic distortion associated with the Western Indian School is noticeable, yet the movement is more dynamic and vigorous, the lively poses. mudras and general postures all adding to the flow of the narration. The drawing is angular, characterised by arched eye-brows, pointed nose, exaggerrated chest and thin waist, the father eye protudes into space the end of the nearer extending to the ear.
The dresses of both men and women are simple and show a little variation. The women wear Choli, Chequered sari, a skirt and Chaddar. Their ornaments consist of heart shaped tiara, circular earings, torque Churis, sismanya, Chudamani, necklaces and circular tilak on the forehead. Turban, Dupatta, chequered or striped dhori are the dresses of the men.

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Jaina Grantha Bhandārs in Rajasthao.
Such a big illustrated and painted manuscript is not available any where. There are several paintings of the war and scences of battle. The soldiers having swords in their hands are riding horses, elephants, chariots or marching on foot. They are wearing turbans on their heads and dupattas in their bodies.
Thus the significance of this manuscript for the history of the Indian painting is great, in as much as it indicates the important changes that were taking place in the indigenous traditions of Western Indian painting during the 15th and 16th centuries.
(3)
The Adipurāna written by Acārya Jinasena in Sanskrit is also illustrated and exists in the śāstra Bhandar of Terā panthi Jaina temple, Jaipur. The manuscript was written in the year 1606 A D. 1.e. 66 years after the painting of the manuscript mentioned in item 2. This manuscript contains more than 200 illustrations which are also fully based on the text. The style and drawings are to a great extent similar to the Adipurāna of Puşpadant but the beauty and ref nement which are seen in that manuscript do not exist in these pictures. Some of the illustrations are only negative and in some paintings only a part of space has been left vacant. They are incomplete also. It appears that in the midst of the work either the painter died or the person who was interested in such work expired.
(4)
Illustrated manuscripts of Yasodhara Carita are found frequently in the Jaina Šāstra Bhandärs of Jaipur, Mozmabad and Nāgaur. Except Mozmabad Bhandar all other illustrated manuscripts are on the work of Sakal Kirti written in Sanskrit and iliustrated manuscripts of Mozmåbād are of Apabhrarśa works written by Puşpadant & Raidhu.
Yasodhara Carita' relating to the Śăstra Bhandār of the Jaina temple Pandit Lunakaranji of Jaipur is a manuscript of the year 1731 A.D. It was got illustrated by the founder of this temple namely Pandit Lünkaranji himself. The first painting of the manuscript belongs to him in which he has been shown with his pupil Khinvasiji. The manuscript contains 37 illustrations. Some of them are of the full size of the folios I. e. 11" x 41" while others are on half of the portion of the manuscript. All the paintings are artistically depicted.
1. पंडित श्री गोवर्धनदासजी तत् शिष्य पंडितजी श्री टोडरमलजी यसोपरचरित पुस्तकं
घटापितं ।

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The manuscript of Yasodhara Carita of Parsvanatha Jaina temple of Jaipur is also fully illustrated. The date of writing the manuscript is not given but as the manuscript was copied for Pandit Todarmal who was a great scholar of 18th century, so it can be said that the date of manuscript is the 18th century. There are 55 illustrations in the manuscript, some of them are on full sheet while the others are on half sheet.
The dresses of the men are turbans of Moghul style having 'Kilang' in it, with earings and necklaces in the ears and necks respectively. In the body they have 'angarkhi' some time chequered and some times plain coloured only. The angarkhi is encircle by a small Dupațță tied in the waist.
The women are dressed with a thin sari of various types such as chequered and coloured of transparent nature. They have put on a Choli and Lehanga. Their ornaments are earings, nose rings, necklaces and bangles etc.
There are two manuscripts of Yasodhara Carita fully illustrated in Mozmabāda Sastra Bhandar. Both are in Apabhramsa language written by Kavi Puspadanta and Raidhu. Out of two manuscripts one is incomplete. The paintings used in these manuscripts are similar to those of Adipurana. All the paintings are very beautiful and represent pre-Moghul art. The colour used in them is of such a permanent nature that they look as if they are painted today.
A fully illustrated manuscript of Adityavāra Katha of Bhau Kavi written in Hindi exists in the Jaina Sastra Bhandar of Ajmer. This is the first illustrated manuscript which is based on a story written in Hindi. The manuscript is of 18th century and contains more than 25 illustrations All the paintings are duly influenced by art of the post-Moghul period
The Bhaktamar Stotra preserved in the Jaina temple of Terapanthi is an illustrated manuscript written in the year 1826 A D. It contains 48 paintings. Though the art used in these paintings is of later century, the colour and drawings are full of life. All the paintings are fully based on the text whatever is written in a particular stanza has been fully explained in the paintings. Even without reading of the original stanzas. the sense depicted in the paintings can be understood easily.
The another Bhaktamar Stotra is in the Sastra Bhandar of Bharatpur. It was written and painted in Bharatpur 23 years earlier. The paintings, designs and manuscript in the Jaina temple Terǎwritten and then copy of illustrated
colours are similar to those preserved in the panthi. It appears that this manuscript was first manuscript of Bhaktamar Stotra of Jaipur was made later on.

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Jalna Grantha Bhandārs w Rajasthan
Besides the illustrated and painted manuscripts there are several manuscripts written in golden and silver ink. Such manuscripts though not available mverywhere, are not very rare and can be seen in Grantha Bhandārs of Jaisalmer. Jaipur, Ajmer, Nágaur, Bharatpur ets. In the Digambara Bhandārs we find the copies of Bhaktamar Stotra and Tattvärtha Sätra mostly while in the Swetāmbar Bhandārs the illnstrated manuscripts of Kalpasūtra. The Kalpasūtra manuscripts, written in golden ink are also in the collection of the Digambar Bhandārs. There are two manuscripts in the Grantha Bhandar of Baswā. Some of them have artistic designs and beautiful borders. The borders in some of the manuscripts in the Sastra Bhindır of Naya Mandır, Jaipur, in which every folio of the manuscript is decorated with colourful borders, are excellent.
Among the newly discovered illustrated manuscript is a Gutkā containing small works written both in Sanskrit and Hindi. It was written in the year 1789 A.D. Originally this Gutakā belonged to the Grantha Bhandār of Ādinātha temple, Būndi but at present it is in the possession of Sri Kesarimal Gangwăl of the same place. There are 72 paintins in the manuscript. All the paintings are influenced by the Moghul Art Men are shown wearing turban with Dupațţă and Dhoti. They are putting on various ornaments like Necklace etc.
The sádhus are shown naked having one wooden pot called Kamandalu in their left hand and Pichi in their right hand The sēdhus other than Jainas are painted in various dresses Some are having beard and Jață on their head.
Animals such as Lion, Bear and Monkey are painted in the same colour as they are found.
There are paintings of various of marriage ceremonies beginning from hethrothal where a Pandit is performing Tilak Ceremony on the forehead of bridegroom. In the marriage mandap, the bridegroom is shown. One man and lady are sitting by their side. In other paintings, the bridegroom is shown taking bride bound with red rope. There was purdāh system during those days.
In the Sastra Bhandār of Pandya Lūnkaranji there are individul pictures painted either on cloth or on paper. Some paintings pertain to the Mantra Šāstra while others are of Gods and Goddesses. Some of them are Jwala Malini, Bhairava, Padmăvati, Padmaprabha, Kalikadevi, Narsinghavatar, Ganesa, Dharnéndra Padmavati etc. These are on paper.
TREASURE HOUSES OF EARLIEST WRITTEN MANUSCRIPTS
The importance of these Grantha Bhandārs are not only that these have thousands of manuscripts, but also on the basis that these Bhandārs are the centres

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for earliest written manuscripts, whether the manuscript is on palm leaves or on paper. The Jaina Grantha Bhandārs possess earliest written manuscripts. The earliest manuscript written on palm leaves is of Samvat 1117 i.e. 1060 A.D. The pame of the manuscript is Ogha Nirjukti Vratti composed by Dronācārya. The original book is in Prakrit while the commentary is in Sanskrit. The Prasasti of the manuscript is as follows:
सवत् १११७ मगलं महाश्री।।छ।। पाहिलेन लिखित मगल महाश्री ।।छ।।
Now we shall give some important Prasastis from the year 1060 A.D. to 1457 A. D. available in the Grantha Bhandārs of Jaisalmer and written on palm leaves.
(1) Pancasăra Prakarana Laghu Vrattı: The manuscript was written in
the year 1064 A. D. by Jasodhara It is preserved in Brihad Gyana Bhandar, Jaisalmer. The prasasti runs as under -
सवत् ११२१ ज्येष्ठ सुदि ११ बुधदिने जसोधरेण लिखितम् ।।
(2) Kuvalayamálā Kathā of Udyotan Sûri was written in the year 1082
A.D. The work is in Prakrit and has 254 folios of 254" x 2" size. In the Prasasti only name of the year has been mentioned.
सवत् ११३६ फाल्गुन वदि १ रविदिने लिखितमिद पुस्तकमिति ।
(3) Kavyādarśa of Kavi Dandt was copied in Saṁvat 1161 1. e. 1104
A. D., in the month of Bhadrapad. The manuscript is upto the third Pariccheda.
इतित्यशयकवेराचार्यदण्डिनः कृती काव्यादर्श दुकरदोषविभागो नाम तृतीय. परिच्छेद. ।। सवत् ११६१ भाद्रपदे ।
(4) Avaśyaka Nirjuttı of Bhadra Bahu in Prākrit was copied in the year
1109 A.D. by Lihavaha. Maharaji Jaya Singh Deva was the ruler at that time. The Prasasti is as follows:
सवत ११६६ पौष बूदी ३ मगलदिने महाराजाधिराजत्रैलोक्यगडश्रीजयमीघदेवविजयराज्ये लिहबेहेन लिखित ।
(5) Guru Parvādi of Palha Kavi is a manuscript of the year 1114 A.D.
written in Pattan City under the rule of Jaisingh Deva. This manuscript was copied by Brahma Candragani. This work is Apabhramba and is still unpublished. The Prasasti is as follows:

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Jaina Grantha Bhandars ia Rajasthaa.
सवत् ११७१ वर्षे पत्तनमहानगरे श्री जयसिंहदेवविजयराज्ये श्री खरतरगच्छ योगीन्द्रयुगप्रधानवसतिवासिनां श्रीजिनदत्तसूर्गणा शिष्येण ब्रह्मचन्द्रगणिना लिखिता ॥ॐ॥ शुभ भवतु । ॐ श्री पार्श्वनाथाय नमः ।।
(6) In the year 1128 A. D. Vipåka Sutra Vratti of Abhaya Devācārya was
written by the copyist Sodhala in the Anhila Pattan. The praśasti is as follows --
सवत् ११८५ ज्येष्ठ सुदि १२ शुक्र दिने श्रीमदरणहिलपाटने लेखक सोढलेन लिखितिमिति ।
(7) An another manuscript of Vipāka Sūtra was written in the year 1129
A. D. at Anhila Pattan. The manuscript contains folios 259 to 285 of 291" x 24" size. The prasasti given at the end of the manuscript is as follows: सवत् ११८६ आश्विन सुदि ३ भौमे । अद्ये ह श्रीमदणहिल्लपत्तने ।
(8) In the year 1135 A.D. Jays Kirti Suri's Chandonusāsana was written.
It is in Samskrit.
सवत् ११९२ पाषाढ सुदि १० शना लिखितमिदमिति ।
(9) in the year 1138 A. D. Bhagwatı Sūtra Vratti of Abhaya Devācārya
was written by Bandi Rija. It contains 225 folios of 26" x 21" size. The prasasti is as follows --
संवत् ११६५ श्रावण सुदी ६ शुक्र लिखित च लेखक दिगजेन ।
(10) Praşna Vyākarana Sūtra Vratu by Abhaya Devăcărya was written by
Kaparda son of Canda Harn in the year 1144 A.D. at Mundahata village. The praśasti of the manuscript is as follows :
सवत् १२०१ बैशाख बदि १२ मुडहाटाग्रामे चांडहरिसुतेन लेखक कपर्दैन नामा धम्म कथासग वृत्ति लिखितमेतत् मगलं महाश्री ।
(11) The famous Paum Cariya of Acarva Vimala Sûri is a manuscript of
the year 1147 A. D. written under the rule of Jaysingh Deva. This is the earliest manuscript of this work so far available in any of the Grantha Bhandar. The prasasti of the manuscript is as follows :
सबत १११८ कातिक बदि १३ ॥छ । महाराजाधिराजधीजर्यासविजयदेवराम्ये मगुकछसमवस्थितेन लिखितेय सिहलणेन ।

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Importance of the Jain Granth Bhandais.
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(12) Samvegaranga sala of Jina Candra Suri was written in the year 1150
A.D. This is a voluminous work containing 348 folios. The manuscript was copied in Vapapadrak. The prasasti runs as follows:
सवत् १२०७ वर्षे सुदि १४ गुरो अद्य ह श्रीवटपढ़े कदड श्रीवोसरि प्रतिपत्तो संवेगरगशाला पुस्तक लिखितमिति ।।छ।।
(13)
The manuscript of Upadeśapada Prakarana with commentary of Vardhamăna Sūri was written in the year 1155 A.D. at Ajmer. At this time Mahārajadhiraja Vigrah Deva was the ruler. The prasasti is very much important as this is a link in the history of Aimer City. Prasasti of the manuscript is as follows:--
सवत् १२१२ चैत्र सुदि १३ गुगै प्रद्य ह श्रीप्रजयमेरुदुर्गे समस्तराजावलिविराजित परम भट्टारकमहाराजाधिराजश्रीविग्रहदेव विजयराज्ये उपदेशटीका लेखीति ॥छ।।
(14)
Svapna Saptatikā Prakarana was written by Santamati Ganı pupil of Jinadatta Sûri in Saṁvat 1215 on ninth day of the Māgha month 1 e In the year 1158 A.D. The manuscript contains 15 folios. The The prasasti is as follows:
सवत् १२१५ माघ सुदि ६ बुधे पुस्तिका लिखितमिति ॥छ।। श्रीमत् जिनदत्तसूरिसिसिन्या: सज्झाय शातमतिगरिगन्या. पुस्तिका श्री ।।
(15) The manuscript of Candra Prabha Swami Carita of Yaśodeva Suu was
copied in the year 1160 A.D by Pandit Abhaya Kumār belonging to Brāhminagacha :
सवत् १२१७ चैत्र वदि बुधौ ॥छ।। श्री ब्राह्मणगच्छे १० अभयकुमारस्य ।
(16) Upadeśamālā Prakarana and Pusapamaia Prakarana of Maldhårı
Hemcandra Sūri is a manuscript of the year 1165 A.D. In the prasasti only the name of the Vikram Era is given :
"सवत् १२२२ पौष बदि"
(17)
Nandi Durga Pada Vratti offn Candra Sura in Sanskrit was written in the year 1169 A. D. by Palhana son of Mandani. This was got written by Gupa Bhadra Suri:
सवत् १२२६ वर्षे द्वितीय श्रावण सुदि ३ सौमे प्रयह मडनीवास्तव्य श्री जाल्योधरगच्छे मोढवसे श्रावसुकदेवसुतेत ले० पल्हेणेन लिखिता। लिखापिता च श्री गुणमद्रसूरिमि ॥छ।। मगलमस्तु ।

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2141
Jaina Grantha Bhandar in Rajasthao,
(18) Bhagvatt Sutra was written in Samvat 1231 i. e. 1174 A.D. by Dhana
Candra in the month of Vaisakha. The manuscript contains 348 folios of 299" x 21" size. The praśasts is as follows:
भगवई ममत्ता ॥छ।। ॐ ॥छ।। संवत १२३१ वैशाखयदि एकादश्यां गुरो अपराह्न धरणचन लिखितमिति ।
(19) The manuscript of Vyavahara Satra of Bhadrabahu Swami in Prakrit
was written in the year 1179 A. D. on the 10th day of Srävana month at Anhila Pattan by Sadhu Jina Bandhura :
सवत् १२३६ ॥ श्रावण वदि १० शुक्र अद्य ह श्रोमदरणहिपाटकस्थितेन साधु जिनबरेण कर्मक्षयार्थ लिखतमिति ।।
(20) The manuscript of Mahavira Carita of Guņa Candra Sarı written in
Prakrit prose and poetry is of the year 1185 A.D. The praśasti runs as follows -
सवत् १२४२ कार्तिक सुदि १३ गुरौ ॥छा। विक्कम निवगयकाले बाया लहिए य बारस सएय । कात्तिय तेरसिए गुरूवासरे सोहण मुहुत्ते । ससागेयतरिय समस्थ परिहरिय । सिरवीरनाहचरिय लिहियमिण सूमरणबहेण ॥छ।।
(21) The manuscript of Bhava Bhavaná Prakarana of Maladhari Hem
Candra Sûri is of the year 1203 A.D. written at Anahıla Pattan under the rule of Maharājādhirăja Bhimadeva. The copyist of the manuscript was Mohad son of Mahipala who was living at Kansa village. The Prasasti is as follows.
मवत् १२६० वर्ष श्राम्वरण सुदि १४ गुरावधे ह श्रीमदरणहिलपाटके महाराजाधिराज भीमदेवकल्याणविजयराज्ये तत्पादपनोपजीविनि महामात्य राग श्रीचाचाक: श्रीश्री करणादिसमस्त मुद्राच्यापारानपरिपथपतीत्येव काले प्रवर्सत्तमाने रूद्रपल्लीयश्री......... देवसूर्यादेशेन भवभावनावृत्तिपुस्तक विषयपथके कासाग्रामवास्तव्यं लेख. मोहडपूत्र महिपालेन भव्याक्षरै. शुद्धाक्षरंश्च लिखिसमिति छ।। शुभ भवतु
(22) Bhagwati Sätra Vratti of Abhayadevácārya was written in the year
1217 A. D. at Prahalādanpur. It contains 435 folios of 299" x 24" size.
संवत १२७४ वर्षे प्रथमज्येष्ठ वदि ७ शुक्र प्रल्हारदनपुरे भगवती वृत्तिपुस्तकमलेखीति ।।

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(23) Dasavaikälika Sätra Vratti of Hari Bhadra Säri was written in the year
1232 A. D. by Thakur Kumar Singh of Sådhå who was related to Mālavanga of Stambha Tirthanagar. There are five manuscripts written by the same scholar in the Jaisalmer Bhandar. The prasasti is as follows:
सबत् १२८६ फाल्गुण सुदि ४ सोमे स्तंभतीर्थनगरनिवासिना । श्री श्रीमालवंशो भवेन 8. साढासुतेन ठ. कुमारसिहेन दशवकालिक तस्कघवृनि १ नियुक्ति २ सूत्र ३ पुस्तक लेखयाच॥
Thus from the above praśastis written at the end of the manuscripts it is clear that earliest written manuscripts on palm leaves are available in Jaina Grantha Bhandars. In this respect Grantha Bhandars of Jaisalmer are only the place in Rajasthān, where palm leaf manuscripts of ancient times are available.
PAPER MANUSCRIPTS
1. The earliest written manuscript on paper has been found in the Grantha
Bhandār of Digamber Jaina Terapanthi Badā Mandır, Jaipur, This is a manuscript of Pancăsti Kaya of Ācārya Kunda Kunda in Prakrit and copied in the year 1272 A.D. Jt was written in Yoginipur-an old name of Delhi when Gayasuddin Balban was the emperor. The praśasti is as follows:
सवत् १३२६ चैत्र बुदो दशम्या बुधवासरे प्रयह योगिनीपुरे समस्तराजावलिसमालकृत eft r ated gaffurgagtag7x10# f *.....!
2.
There are several manuscripts which were written in the 13th, 14th and the 15th Centuries and at present are in the collection of various Bhandārs. On the basis of this it may be concluded that before the 13th Century all the manuscripts were used to be written on palm leaves. Some of the manuscripts written on paper may be described here.
The manuscript of Trišasti Salāka!' Pursuşă Carita of Hemacandra Sûri pertains to the year 1328 A.D. There is a descriptive praśasti which gives full information about the author and the date of writing.
1. Grantha Bhandar of Jaisalmer.

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Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
3. In the year 1334 A.D. Uttar Purana, the second part of Mahapurana of Puspadant was written also in Yoginipur when Mohmmad Sah was the emperor. The manuscript was copied by Vahad Rajadev son of Gandharava. The prasasti of the manuscript is as follows:
सवत्सरेऽस्मिन् श्रीविक्रमादित्यगताब्दा सवत् १३६१ वर्षे ज्येष्ठ बुदि ६ गुरूबास रे अह श्रीयोगिनीपुरे समस्तराजावलि शिरोमुकटमाणिक्यखचितनखरश्मी सुरत्राणश्री महम्मदमा हिनाम्निमहीं विभ्रतिसति प्रस्मिन् राज्ये योगिनीपुरस्थिता अग्रोतकान्वय नभ शशाक सा० महिपालपुत्रं. जिनश्चरणकमलचचरीके. सा सेतू फेरा साढा महाराजा रुपा एतैः । सा० खेत पुत्र गल्हा भाजा एवं सा० फेरा वीधा हेमराज एतै धर्म कम्र्मणि सदोद्यमपरं ज्ञानावरणीय कम्र्मक्षयाय भव्यजनाता पठनाय उत्तरपुराण पुस्तक लिखापित। लिखित गोडान्वय कायस्थ पडित गध पुत्र बाहडराजदेवेन ।
4. After its one year the manuscript of Kätantara Vyakarana with the commentary of Vidyanandi was copied by Yasah Kirtiganı pupil of Jina Candrasuri when he was staying at Devarajpur. The manuscript is at present in the Jaisalmer Sastra Bhandar.
5. Vahad Rajdeva who was the copyist of the manuscript of Uttarpurana also wrote Kriya Kalapa in the year 1342 A.D. at Yoginipur under the rule of same emperor Mohammad Sah. The manuscript exists in the Amer Sāstra Bhandar, Jaipur.
सवत् १३६६ फाल्गुनसुदी ५ शुक्रवासरे श्रीयोगिनीपुरे सुरश्राणश्रीमन्महम्मदसाहिराज्यप्रवर्तमाने काष्ठासधे त्रयोदशविधधारित्रपात्र भट्टारकनयसेम: तस्य विष्य मट्टारक दुर्लभसेनः तस्याध्ययनाय पुस्तकमिद प्रतिक्रमणवृत्ते लेखयित्वा दरबारचेत्यालय समीपस्थ श्रग्रोत्कान्वय परमश्रावक सागिया इति पुरूषसज्ञकेन पाटणवास्तव्य.... तोमपुत्रेण भीमनाम्ना पचम्युद्यापनं कृत देवगुरुणा प्रसादात शतायुभूयात् पडित गंधर्वपुत्रेण बाहदेवेन लिखितमिति शुभां ।
6. There is manuscript in the Sastra Bhandar of Dhaamandi, Udaipnr which was written in the year 1313 A. D. This is a manuscript of Sarwärth Siddhi of Pujyapada written by the same scholar Vahad Rajadeva son Pt. Gandharava at Yoginipur. The prasasti of the manuscript is as follows:
सवत् १३७० पौष दुदि १० गुरुवासरे || श्री योनिीपुरस्थितेन साधूश्रीनरायण सुत भीम सुत श्रावक देवधरेण स्वपठनाय तत्त्वार्थवृत्तिपुस्तकं लिखापित। लिखित गौडान्वय कायस्थ पंडित गंधर्व पुत्र वाहडदेवेनेति ॥

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7. In the Sastra Bhandar of Khandelwal Mandir, Kämā there is a
manuscript of Pandava Carita of Devprabha Sürı copied in the year 1397 A. D. It was copied by Vayararsena for Muniprabha Sür. The prasasti is as follows.
संवत् १४५४ वर्ष ज्येष्ठ सुदि सप्तमी शुक्रवारे श्री पान्डवचरितं वयरसेरणेन लिखित महाहडीयगच्छे श्रीमुनिप्रभसूरीणां योग्यं ।।
8. Parmatma Prakāśa of Yogindn (8th Century) exists in the Sastra
Bhandār of Pandya Lūnkaranji of Jaipur. It is a manuscript of the year 1400 A.D.
There are several manuscripts written in the 14th and 15th centuries in the Grantha Bhandar, and one or two inanuscript of this period are easily available in most of the Grantha Bhandārs.
Thus the Jaina Grantha Bhandārs are of great value from the point of earlist written manuscripts. In this respect they are incomparable to others and inspite of frequent destruction of the manuscripts there are still manuscripts from 11th Century.
TREASURE HOUSES FOR NON-JAINA WORKS
The Grantha Bhandārs are not only the treasure houses for the books written by the Jaina writers but they are also the good centres for the manuscripts written by the scholars other than Jainas. The Sådhus and also the house-holders made no difference while collecting the manuscripts for these Bhandārs and they collected giving them the same importance to the manuscripts written by non-Jaina scholars also some of the manuscripts are also such which are available in these Jaina Bhandars alone In this respect the Granth Bhandars of Āmer, Jaipur, Nāgaur, Bikāner. Jaisalmer, Kotah, Bûndi and Ajmer are important.
The Jaina scholars not only saved the manuscripts from destruction but also wrote commentaries, Vrittis, and Bhâsyas on them. They translated them into Hindi and gave full support for their wide circulation
The manuscripts relating to the subjects of Kavya, Katha, Vyakarana, Ayurveda, Jyotışa and subjects of other general interest are found in good number Manuscripts even on the religious subjects based on the Smritis, Upnisadas, Samhitas, Brahmanas are also available in the collection of these Bhandars. There are about 500 manuscripts only in Jaina Sastra Bhandar of Mandir Paçodr Jaipur on the above subjects.

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2181
Jalpa Granshs Bhandars in Rajasthan.
The manuscript of Kåvya Prakasa of Mammata written in the year 1158 A. D. exists in the Jaisalmer Bhandar. It was written in Anhilpattan when King Kumärpåla was the ruler. The end of the book is as follows:
समाप्तोऽयं काव्यप्रकाशः काव्यलक्षणम् । कृती: राजानकमम्मटालकयो: । संवत १२१५ अश्विन सुदी १४ बुधे मोह श्रीमदराहिलपाटके समस्तराजाबलीविराजितमहाराजाधिराजपरमेश्वरपरममट्टारक उमापतिवरलमप्रासादप्रौढप्रतापनिजमुजरणागणविनिजित शाकरिभूपाल श्रीकुमारपालदेवकल्याणविजयराज्ये पंडित लक्ष्मोधरेण पुस्तकं लिखापितम्।
The manuscript is on palm leaves.
The another manuscript of Kavyadarśa of Someśvar written on palm leaves is available in the Granth Bhandar of Jaisalmer and pertains to the year 1216 A.D. A very old paper manuscript also exists in the Amer Sastra Bhandar. Jaipur. One more commentary by Guna Ratan written on this book, is in the Hari Sagar Gyana Bhandar, Lohawat-Jodhpur.
The manuscript of Kävyä lankära composed by Kavi Rudrata with a commentary of Nemi Sadhu is available in Jaisalmer Bhandar. It is a copy on palm leaves of the year 1149 A.D. The end of the manuscript is as follows:
इति श्वेताम्बरविरचिते रूद्रटालंकारटिप्परपके चित्राध्यायः पचमः समाप्त। मंगलं महाश्री ।। संवत् १२०६ पाषढ बदि ५ गुरुदिने लिखितमिति । शुभमस्तु सर्वकल्याणं ।
Another manuscript on paper with a commentary of the same scholar, Nemi exists in the Amer Šāstra Bhandaar, Jaipur.
A manuscript of Vakrokui Jivila of Kuttaka Kavi written in 141h Century is preserved in the Grantha Bhandar of Jaisalmer at number 328. The manuscript is written on palm leaves.
Kavyalankara of Vāman with a commentary written by the author himself is available in the Grantha Bhandır of Jaisalmer at serial number 333. It is a palm leaf manuscript while the paper manuscript is at the Sastra Bhandar, Nagaur. It is a manuscript of 15th Century. A palm leaf manuscript of Kavya Mimânsă of Raja Sekhar written in the year 1159A.D. is in the Grantha Bhandar of Jaisalmer. The end of the manuscript is as follows:
तिसिद्धो महाकविः ॥छ।। इति राजशेखरकृती काम्यमीमांसायां कविरहस्ये प्रथमे:पिकरणे कालविभागो नाम समीक्षा अष्टादशोऽध्यायः ॥रा समाप्तं चेदं कबिरहस्य

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प्रथममधिकरणमष्टादशोऽध्याय : ॥छ॥ शुभमस्तु । लेखकपाठकयोः । मगलमहाश्री ॥छ।। ॥छ।। संवत् १२१६ फाल्गुन वदि सोमदिने ॥ ॥छ।।
Palm leaf manuscript of Alankara Sara Sangraha also called Udbhatalankara of Udbhata who flourished in the Court of King Jayapala of Kashmir is available in the Jaisalmer Bhandar. It is with the commentary of Pratihärendra Raja. The manuscript belongs to the year 1107 A.D.
Vyakti Viveka Kavyalankára of Rajānak Mahim in Sarakrit is preserved in in the Jaisalmer Bhandar. The manuscript is on Palm leaves and is of the 13th Century.
All the Kävyas written by the poets like Kalidasa, Magha, Bharvi, Harsa, Halayudha, Bhatti etc., are available in the Granth Bhandārs of Amer, Nå gaur, Jaisalmer and Bikāner. The copies of manuscripts of each such Kavyas are more than one and in some of the Bhandārs they reach even 20.
There is a manuscript of Raghuvansa of Kalidasa written on palm leaves of the 14th Century in the Grantha Bhandar of Jaisalmer. Manuscripts of commentaries written by Gunaratan Sûri, Caritra Vardhana and Mallınātha, Samayasundar, Dharma Meru and Santi Vijay (1610 A D.) are also in the collection of the Bhandars of Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Jaipur and Nägăur. Raghuvanşa and Kumărsambhava, of Kalidasa are also popular among the Jainas. In every Bhandar we find one or two manuscripts of them. There are 13 manuscripts of Raghuvansa in the Grantha Bhandar of Digambara Jaina Teråpanthi Mandır, Jaipur. All the manuscripts of Meghadūta with the commentary of Mallinātha are available in the collection of Abhaya Granthälāya, Bikaner.
The manuscript of Naisådha Carita of Harsa Kavi written in the year 1321 A. D. on palm leaves is preserved in the collection of Jaisalmer Bhandar. In the same way manuscripts of other Kavyas such as Bhatti-Kavya, Kavi-Rahasya of Halāyudha with the commentary of Ravidharma and Anargha Rāghava of Murari are available in the collection of Jaisalmer Grantha Bhandars.
Commentary written by Prakaśavarşa on Kiratarjuniya of Bhärvi is a rare manuscript. Prakasa Varşa wrote that he was a son of Harsa of Kasmır. One manuscript of this is in the Jaisalmer Sastra Bhandar. The manuscript of Jaipur Bhandar is beautiful and correct one.
There are six manuscripts of Siśupălavadha of Mägha in the Grantha Bhandar of Terapanthi Mandir Jaipur and one of the manuscript is of the year 1438 A.D. Even earlier manuscript of the same Kavya exists in the Grantha Bhandar of Jaisalmer.

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Kirnawali of Udainacārya with a commentary of an unknown writer is in the collection of Amer Sastra Bhandar. Manuscript of Sankhya, Saptati written by Acarya Kapila also exists in the same Bhandar. This is a manuscript dated 1370 A.D. In the Jaisalmer Sastra Bhandar Sankhya Saptati Bhasya by Gaudpada is preserved. This is a manuscript of 1143 A.D. on palm leaves.
Commentary on Sankhya Sapatati called Sankhyatatwakaumudi of Vacaspati Misra is also preserved in the same Bhandar and the Sankhya Sapatati of Ishwar Krisna is also in the collection. All the manuscripts are of 11th and 12th Centuries.
A manuscript of Patanjala Yoga Darsana Bhasya' of Vacaspati Harsa Misra and Vyas Risis are preserved in the Granth Bhandar of Jaisalmer. A 12th Century manuscript written on palm leaves of Prasasta Pada Bhasya also is preserved in the Jaisalmer Ehanḍār. In the same Bhandir we also find the following early manuscripts
(1) Nyaya Bindu of Acirya Dharma Kirti with a commentary of Acarya Dharmottarpāda. The manuscript is of 13th Century.
(2) Commentary on Nyaya Kändli of Sridhar Bhatta written in the 13th Century.
(3) A manuscript of Khandan-Khanda-Khadya of Sri Harsa of 1234 A.D.
(4) Manuscript of Gautamiya Nyaya Sutra Vratti written in the year 1151 A. D.
(5) Manuscript of Nyaya Siddhant Dipaka with a commentary of Sasidhara is available in the Bhaṭṭārkiya Grantha Bhandar of Ajmer.
The dramas written by great poets such as Kalidasa, Murări. Visakha Datta and Bhatta Nārāyaṇa are preserved in the various Grantha Bhandars. In the Sastra Bhandrs of Jaisalmer, the manuscript of these dramas are of very early dates. Some of the early manuscripts are as follows:
1
A manuscript copy of Mudra Raksasa Natak of Visakha Datta prepared in Samvat 1314 1. e. 1257 A. D. is there. It contains a commentary also. The end of the work is as follows:
1
मवत् १३१४ वर्षे लौ० भाषाढ बदि शनो मद्येह श्रीवामनस्थल्यां स्थित मह० देयड़ सुन ४० ग्रामादीन पुस्तकं लिखितमिति । शुभ भवतु लेखकपाठकाना प्र-येषामेव ।

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2. The manuscript of Veņi Samhára of Bhatja Nērāyaṇa is of the 14th
Century.
3. The manuscript of Anargha Raghava Natak of Murari Kavi of the
14th Century is preserved in the same Bhandar. Another manuscript with a commentary of Maldhāri Nārcandra Süni is also available in the same Bhandar.
4.
The manuscript of Prabodha Candrodaya Natak of Krişna Misra is of 1261 A.D. The prasasti of the manuscript is as follows :सवत् १३१८ वर्षे सुदी ६ रवी प्रयह श्री भृगुकच्छे सा० मह० देयड सुत ठ० प्रासादीत्यस्य स्वार्थे प्रबोधचन्द्रोदय नाटक लिखित । शुभ भवतु लेखकपाठकयो ।
5. An old Vasava Dattă Akhyāyika of Mahākavi Subandhū written in the
year 1150 A. D. exists in the Grantha Bhandar of Jaisalmer. The manuscript was written by Acarya Yasodhar under the rule of Govinda Candra. The praśasti of the work is as follows:
इति महाकविसुबन्धुविरचिता वासवदत्ता नाम कथा समथिता ।। सवत् १२०७ श्रावण वदि १४ सोमे रूद्रपल्लीसमावामे राजश्रीगोविन्दचन्द्रदेवविजयराज्ये श्री यशोधरेण प्राचार्याणां कृते लिखितेय वासवदत्तति ।
6. One manuscript of 'Cakrapānivijay Mabākāvya' of Laxmidhara
Bhatta of 14th Century is available in the Grantha Bhandar of Jaisalmer.
7. A copy of Vratta Ratnākar of Bhațţa Kedāra copied in the 14th
Century exists in the Grantha Bhandar of faisalmer. In the same Bhandār a palm leaf manuscript of Lilavatı Karhã written by Bhusana Bhatta son of Kutuhala Kavi is preserved It is a manuscript of 1208 A.D.
On the other subjects like Ayurveda, Jyotisa, Grammar and Kosa etc there is a large number of manuscripts in these Bhandārs and some of them are very early written.
Thus the study and survey of these Grantha Bhandārs are very much important not only for tracing out the works written by Jaina writers but also for works which are written by the non-Jaina scholars.
HINDI & RAJASTHANI WORKS
Also for the collection of Hindi and Rajasthani works written by non-Jaina writers, these Grantha Bhandārs are of great importance. Bhandars situated in

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aina Grantha Bhandars ta Rajasthan.
villages even contain the valuable Hindi manuscripts. Manuscript of Prithaviraja Raso, one of the most famous works of Hindi language are found in the Jaina sästra Bhandārs of Coro, Kotah and Bikāner. In the same way the manuscripts of the famous Hindi work of Višal Deva Råso were written by Jaina Sadhus and are preserved in the Jaina Grantha Bhandars. In the Abhaya Granthålaya of Bikaner there are nine manuscripts of this work. In the Khartargacchă Jaina Šāstra Bhandar of Kotah, there is a manuscript of Viśäldeva Räso of 1320 A.D.
On the work of Krışma Rukmani Veli there are about seven commentaries by Jaina scholars. Several manuscripts of this work are found in the Jaina Grantha Bhandārs of Jaipur, Bündi, Ajmer and Mozamabad.
Rasikpriya is also included in the collection of the Jaina Grantha Bhandārs. Hindi commentaries of Kusaldhfra and Keśavadāsa are also preserved in them.
Two manuscripts of Jaitesi Rāso which is said to have been written on Rao Jaitesi, Bikāner Ruler, are in Abhaya Granthälaya, Bikåner. Various historical works such as Vachavat Vanśávali of Kavi Sankur and Rasa Vilăsa of Carana are also available.
Old manuscripts of Vaitāla Paccisi, Vilhan Carita Caupai by Delha and Vikramaditya Caupai by Lål are also preserved in the Jaina Grantha Bhandārs.
In the same way the works written by some poets such as Kabirdāsā, Gorakhnātha etc. are also available in the Jaina Grantna Bhandars. There is one Gutakă in the Sastra Bhandar of Bida Mandır, Jaipur in which small works of 35 poets belonging to Gorakhanātha sect are written.
Manuscripts of Madhu Malti Kathā written by Sri Caturbhujadása are found in these Grantha Bhandars in good number. There is a manuscript in the of Bada Mandir Jaipur which contains 911 stanzas, the highest oumber found even in any Grantha Bhandar.
Manuscript copies of Simhasana Battist written by the various authors are available in the Grantha Bhandārs of Jaisalmer, Amer and Bikāner. In the Grantha Bhandārs of Jaisalmer, manuscript of this work written by Sanghavijay in the year 1621 A. D. is available. Several manuscripts on the story of Dholämaru is also preserved in there Bhandars.
There is a manuscript of Madhavanal Prabandha Katha written by Ganpati in the Sastra Bhandar of Bundi. It was composed in the year 1537 A.D. and the manuscript is of the year 1596. This is a very good work in Doha metre containing 2457 verses.

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CHAPTER VI MATERIAL FOR RESEARCH

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SCOPE FOR RESEARCH IN THE JAINA GRANTHA BHANDARS:
The Jaina Grantha Bhandårs of Rajasthan are the great store houses of manuscripts written on Palm leaves, paper and clothes. There are more than one lac manuscripts housed in these Bhandars. They deal with a large variety of subjects. There is perhaps no topic on which no literature is found in these Bhandaars. If the Jaina scholars did not write any work on a particular topic they collected works of other scholars for the sake of study. It is a matter of great pleasure that the collection of manuscripts was made only from the point of view of collection of the best and useful material without prejudice to works by non-Jaina authors. Due to their great love for literature, thousands of copies of works written by the leading non-Jaina scholars have found place in these Bhandars.
These Bhandārs have not been thoroughly examined so far. Their catalogues have not been prepared in most cases, and if prepared, they are not on scientific lines, Indian scholars are in dark about the usefulness of most of these Bhandārs. Works on Literature of Samskrit, Prākrit, Apabhrarsa, Hindi and Rajasthani and other allied Indian languages are in such a large number that there is great scope for research on several topics. The contribution of Jaina scholars to the Indian languages has not yet been acknowledged properly. Their contribution to every sphere of knowledge is important. It should not be regarded as merely sectarian and therefore unimportant. There are hundreds of works written in Prakrit language. As a matter of fact the command of Prākrit literature belong mostly to the Jaina scolars. There is a great scope for research on the various works of this language. Moreover most of the works written in this language form a part of the collection of Rajastpan Bhandars and hence they are alone the proper centres for Research. Works on all subjects such a Agama, Kavya, Drama, Katha and some scientific subjects are found in this language. As a matter of fact Prākrit language was the language of the people for more than one thousand years.
To the Sanskrit language the contributions of Jaina scholars is also great On every aspect of Samskrit literature Jainas have written works such as Kavyas, Stories, Puranas, Joytisa, Ayurveda etc. From the 4th Chapter of this book it would be clear that Jaina scholars have contributed greatly to the literary activity of our country. There are also poets like Jainaseana, Gunabhadra, Vardhamana Bhattāraka, Somadeva, Viranandi, Hemcandra, Sakalkirti etc. who contributed hundreds of works to this language. There is no subject on which Jaina Scholars have not written. But if we see history of Samskrit literature we shall find that their works are not sufficiently acknowledged except that a few references are given here and there. Besides original works the Jaina authors have written commentaries on works written by non-Jaida authors. The commentary on Adargha Raghava Natak by Maladhari

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)
Nära Candra Sori is one of them. The manuscripts written by the nonJaina Scholars are safe in Jaina Bhandars and some earlist manuscripts written by them are also preserved. There are hundreds of Kávyas, some of them are of high order, Campu literature written by Jaina Scholars can be compared with the works written by non-jalna authors. In the field of scientific literature also such as Grammer, Jyotisa and Ayurveda, the contributions of Jaina scholars are of great importance and require thorough research,
As regards Apabhraṁsa literature, mostly the Jaina works hold the field. In order to have a correct knowledge of the development of Hindi literature, works written in Apabhramśa have to be studied. Works written by the great poets like Svayambhu, Puspadang, Vira, Nayanandı, Amar Kirti, Dhanpal, Sricandra, Hemcandra, Dhabila and Raidhu etc., cannot be ignored as their works are masterpieces of this language. Apabhraíśd was popular for about 6 to 7 hundred years. About 30 years ago there was a notion that whole of the Apabhraíśa literature has been either destroyed or has disappeared. 'But this presumption of the scholars was made without seeing the Jaina Grantha Bhandārs. Now all the scholars have admitted the importance of this literature and are trying to study it. Besides 8 to 10 works which have been published more than 100 are still unpublished. Then there is also a great scope for research in this sphere of literature.
As regard Hindi, Rajasthani and other provincial languages, the Jainascholars equally shared in the enhancement of literature. There were Jaina scholars who took initiative in writing their works in Hindi, They wrote Hindi works when writing in Hindi was looked down by the scholars. If the Svayambhu's work "Paumcariu" is admitted as the first Hindi poem then it was from 8th century.that Jaina scholars began to sci ve Hindi. There are several Jaina scholars who wrote masterpiece work in those days. In the Jaina Sastra Bhandārs of Rajasthän and and specially in the Bhandars of Jaipur, Ajmer and Nāgaur, Bikaner and Udaipur a large literature written in Hindi and Rajasthāni language is avallable. These works have not been properly classified. The oldest work written in Brijbhasa is Pradyumna Carita, wiitten by a Jaina scholar in Saṁwat 1411 i. e. 1354 A. D. Older than thus no work has been found so far written in Brya language. In the same way Jinadatta Carita, a work of 1296 A. D. has just been discovered in a Jaina Granth Bhandar of Jaipur. It is the brst work in which date of composition is given. There are several works written by Jaina scholars on subjects like story and other allied subjects. If we count the Hindi works written by Jaina scholars, the dumber will not be loss that one thousand. In this way there is a great scope for research on this side also. It is certain that without taking these works into coasıderation the tree history of Hindi and Rajasthani cannot be written and for such a research, in the Jaina Grantha Bhandars

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of Rajasthan are the centres of attraction, where works on cach subject whether old or new are preserved.
As already stated the Jaina scholars who had been in Rajasthan wrote several works in Apabhramhsa Prakrit, Samskrit, Hindi and Rajasthani, There works are preserved in good number in these Bhandārs. Most of such works are still unpublished and in some cases even their existence is not known to the scholars. In the days of political ups and downs when education was not as widespread as today, the scholars served the publlc by writing several works in various languages. We shall now give a description of some of the outstanding Rājasthani authors along with their works. We will classify them as follows.
(1) Prākrit and Apabhraṁsa Writers.
(2) Samskrit writers.
(3) Hindi and Rajasthani authors.
PRAKRIT & APABHRAMSA WRITERS
1. PADMANANDI :
The
The writer of Jambu Dwipa Pragnapti in Prakrit was a Rajasthāni scholar. He was a descendent in the line of Veernandı and pupil of Bălanandı. The work 'Jambudwipa Pragnapti' was written at Barøn Nagar, a sub-divisional Head-quarter of Rajasthan. At that time Saktı Kumar was the rular of Mewar. In those days Bāran was under the Mewar State. No date of its composition is given but probably it was composed in vs 805 1. e. 748 A, D The author has described the prosperity and wealth of Bäran. Sakti Kumār had been tated to be the ruler of the city?
2. HARIŞENA.
Harisena was a resident of Citfor. His father's name was Goverdhana Dhakkada was his caste which originated from Sri Ujapur'. Once the port went to
1. Introdution to Purasana Väkya Suci p. 67.
2. पाणागुणगणकलियो, परवइ संपूजिनो कलाकुशलो।
नाराणयरस्स पहु तरूत्तमो, सत्तिभूपालो ।।१६६।। पोखरणिवाविपउरे, बहुभवन विहूसिए परमरम्मे । TURF, STEWART faza 1186911

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1
Jalna Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan
"Acatpur where he composed his famous work Dhamma Parikkha* in Samvat 1044 (987 A.D.)..
His work remained very popular for long and was read with great interest Several manuscripts are preserved in the Grantha Bhandārs of of Rajasthan and specially at Amer and Nagaur Bhandars. The work is still unpublished.
The work is divided into 11 Sandhis in which more than 100 stories have been told. The poet was a great lover of Mewar and its beauty. At one place he has given a beautiful description.
जो सिहरि सिहणि केक्कार इल्लु, सरि तडि रहट्ट जब सेयगिल्लु । तरू कुसुमगंध वासिय दिगत्त, पीसेस सास सपुराण च्छित्त। चय वरण कोइलाराव रम्मु, वर सर सारस वय जणिय पेम्मु । मिस किसलय पासायरल तुटठ हस, मयरद मत्त भलिउल्ल रिणघोस । करबद जाल किडि विहियतोसु, बरण तरूहल सउरिणगरण पोस। कय सास वरण गो महिसि महिसु, उच्छ वण पद रिसियरस विसेसु । तप्पारणंदिय दीस बंदु, थल गिलिणि सपण गण पहिम सांदु। वर सालि सुगषिय गंधवाहु, तस्वरिण सक्णविय सुय समूहु । णियडरथ गाम मडिय पएसु. जणवय परिपूरिय जाम कोसु । रिउ जोग्ग सोक्स रजिय जपोह, गय चोर मारि भय लड सोह।
जो उज्माणहि सोहर, खेयर मोहइ, बल्ली हहि बिलासहि । मरिण कचरण कय पुगणहिं, वणण रवणहि पुरहिं स गोउर सालहि ।।
--Dhamma Parikkha 11-1
१. इय मेवाडदेसे जरणसकुले, सिग्उिजपुर णिग्गय धक्कण कुले।
गोषवरण नाम उप्पत्तउ, जो सम्मत्त रयण संपुत्त।। तहो गोवठणामु पिय परणवह, जा जिणवर मुणिवर पिय गुणवह । ताई जरिणउ हरिसेरण गामे सुउ, सो सजाउ विबह कइ विस्सुउ । सिरि चितउड चएकि मचल उरही, गुउ रिणयक जिणहर पउरहो तहि छदालकारपसाहिय, धम्मपरिक्स एह त साहिय ।। २६.
-Dhamma Parikkha 11-26
विक्कम रिणव परिय कालह, प्रब गय बरिस सहस पउतालए)

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3. Dhanpăla :
Dhanpala was a famous poet of Apabhiamsa. His work 'Bhaviṣyattakahä' was first discovered by Dr. Jacobi in Ahmedabad with the help of a Jaina monk. It was published later on by Royal Academi Munich. It was also published in Gack, Orintal Series, 1923. The poet while giving his account only mentioned his caste as Dhakkad and his mother and father's name as Dhanasiri and Mayesar. He was proud of his knowledge so he has addressed himself as the son of Saraswati. (azaz agaz agra). Harişena, the writer of Dhamma Parikkha was also of this caste. According to the inscription of Sri Tejpal of Delwaḍa, there is a mention of Dhakkad caste. Harisena wrote that Dhakkad caste originated from Siriujpur which seems to be the old name of Sironj, an old town in Rajasthan in the Kotah district, now transferred to Madhya Pradeśa. But according to Dhamma Parikkha, Sriujapur is in Mewar which has been mentioned clearly in the following line
'इमेवाड देस जरण संकुले गिरि उजपुर गिग्गय घक्कड कुले'
Bhaviṣyttakaha remained very popular among the Jainas for centuries. Manuscripts of this work are found in several Bhandārs of Rajasthan. There are 10 manuscripts only in one Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur. This shows its wide popularity. He was a 10th century scholar.
4. HARIBHADRA SURI:
He was a great scholar of Prakrit and Samskrit. He belonged to Cittor. He wrote commentaries on the Anuyogadvāra Sūtra, Avaśya Sūtra, Daśavaikālika Sūtra Nandi Sūtra2, Pragnapană Sūtra. He also wrote Anekanta Jaya Patākā3 and Anekanta Vāda Praveśa in which he not merely presented the Jaina Philosophy of Anekanta but criticised the current philosophical systems. He is also the writer of Samarãicca Kaha. It is a big romance in mixed prose and verse. His Dhürtă Khyana is a good satire on popular Hinduism. It is still unpublished. Haribhadra's
1 ares afरण वंसे माएसरहो समुम्भविरण |
[229
amfaftgì fa gau fazgz azag anfam ||
1. Published in D. C. P. Series No. 47. Bombay 1918
2. Published by R. K. Samsthä, Ratlam 1928.
3. Published by J. G. Series, Bhavnagar.
4. Published by Hema Candra Sabha. Ratlām 1919-series No. 3.
-Bhavisayatta Kaha

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)
other philosophical works are Yogabindu' and Yoga Draştı Samuccaya? which is a valuable synthesis of old Jaina ideas and those of Patanjali and Vyasa.
5 MAHESVAR SORI:
He was also a Rajasthani Scholar, and wrote Gyāna Pancami Katha3 in Prākrit which contains 10 stories. He was a 10th century scholar. He also wrote Sanyama Manjari Katha* in Apabhramsa. It is interesting to find in these books inany old folk tales dressed and presented in Jaina Garb. The first work is still unpublished
SAMSKRIT WRITERS
1. SIDHARSI
Sidharsi, pupil of Durgāswāmin was a Rājasthāni writer belonging to Mewār. He completed commentary on Updesamåla and Upmiti Bhava Prapanca Katha' at Bhilla Māla in the year 905 A D. It is as much a work of Philosophy as of poetry and is one of the finest allegories His other work is Candra Kevali Carita. It was composed in the year 917 A.D. 1 e. 12 years after Upmiti Bhava Prapanca Katha
2. Āsidhar
Originally Aśādhar was a Rijasthani scholar and Mandalgarh was his birth place. But due to continuous attacks of Shahabuddin Gauri, he was compelled to leave Rajasthan and settled at Dhāra Nagari. He was one of the greatest
1. Published in J DPS. Series, Bhavnagar, 1911
2
Published in D C.P Series No, 12 Bombay 1913.
3. Brahad Gyan Bhandar. Jaisalmer.
4
Published in the G.Os in the year 1918.
5 Published in D.L.P. Series No 46, Bombay 6 श्रीमान स्ति सपादलक्षविषयः शाकम्मरीभूषण
स्तत्र श्रीरतिधाममण्डलकर नामास्ति दुर्गमहन् । श्रीरल्यामुदपादि तत्र बिमलव्याघ्र रवालान्वया च्छीसल्लक्षणतो जिनेन्द्रसमयश्रवालुराशाधरः ॥१॥

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scholars of his time and wrote several works on various subjects. He wrote commentary on Astănga HridayaKavyalankar and Amar Koşa but unfortunately these are not available at prescat in any of the Jaina Bhandārs in Rajasthan. Adhyatma Rahasya' which is considered to be his lost work was discovered in Bhattarkiva Sastra Bhandar Ājmer. This is a very good work in Samskrit dealing with Adhyatma. Similarly Sanskrit commentary on Aradhanāsăra written by him has been discovered in the Sāstia Bhandär of Jobner temple. It is a work of the 13th century written for his pupil Nayancandra. His other works are Sāgara Dharma
mrita, Angara Dharme mrita, Pratistha Pitha, Jinasahasranama Stotra. Cemmentary written by him on Bhopāl Caturvinšatika has also been recently discovered in Sastra Bhandar, Jain temple. Patodi, Jaipur. All the works written by him are very popular.
3. BHATTARAKA SAKAL KIRTI :
Sakal Kirti was one of the most famous Bhajtāraka of his time. He was born in Samvat 1443 (1386 A.D.) at Patan. His name was Pina Singh or Paran Singh. He was married at the age of 14 and look to the life of a Jaina monk in the year 1425 A D.3 when he was 39 years old from Bhattaraka Padmanandi. He established a seat of Bhattāraka at Dungarpur in the 14354 and became the first Bhattāraka He was a great scholar of Samskrit and Hindi and wrote several works
1. हरषी सुणीय सुवाणि पालह, अन्य ऊअरि मुयर ।
चौऊदत्रिताल प्रमारिण पूरइ, दिन पुत्र जनमीउ ।।१४।। सुमवेला अवलोकि जनम, पुत्री ज्योति लखीय । मेलवि सजन सह कोई पुनशंघ नाम ठवीय ।।१५।।
-Sakal Kirti Rasa
2. चउदय व्यासीय संवति कुलदीपक नरपाल संघपति ।
डूगरपुरि दीक्षा महोछव तोणि कीया ए ॥३॥
-Sakal Kirti Rasa
3. श्री सकल कीरति सहगुरि सुकरि दीधी दीक्षा प्राणदभरि ।
जयजयकार सयलि सबराचरूए गणधर ॥४॥ चउदसिवाणविहऊ लटि नरपाल पुरिंगलीपि । कोटि पटाचारिज पद सस्थापिया ए गण ।।५।।
Sakal Kerti Rasa
4. Published from Vira Sevå Mandır, Delhi,

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Jaina Grantha Bhandare in Rajasthan
in both the languages. Some of the works are Adipurana, Uttarpurana, Puransara, Santipurana, Parsva Purana, Mahavira Purana, Malinātha Purana. Yasodhara Carnta. Dhanyakumar Carnta, Sukumal Carita, Solah Kiran Paja, Sukti-Muktavali and Karma Vipäka'
He travelled throughout Udaipur, Dungarpur and Gujarat. He led a Jaina Sangh to Girnår and performed a great Pratisthā ceremoney in Junagarh2.
4. BHATTARAKA BHUWN KIRTH.
He was a pupil of Bhattāraka Sakal Kirti and stayed as Bhattāraka at Dungarpur for 19 years (1451 to 1470 A. D). He was a great scholar and wrote several works in Hindi. Some of his famous works are Jiwandhar Rāsas, Jambu Suāmi Rāsa', Rātri Bhojan Varjan Risa? Kalāvau Carita'. Cintamani Pārswanātha Stotra? He was a great spiritual leader of his time and travelled in most of the parts of Rajasthan. The works written by him are still unpublished.
। मादिपुराण उत्तरपुराण शाति-पास-वर्धमान-मल्लि-चरित्र ।
प्रादि यशोधर धन्यकुमार सुकुमाल मुदर्शन चरित्र ।।२७।। पचपरमेष्टी गधकुटीय अष्टानिका गणधर भेय । मोलहकारण पूजाविधि गुरिए सबिप्रगट प्रकासिया तेय ॥२८॥ मुक्तिमुक्तावलि क्रमविपाक गुरि रचीय डाईग्ग परि विविध परिग्रंथ । भरह मगीत पिगल निपुणगुरु गुरूउ श्री सकलकीरति निग्रंथ ॥२६॥
जनिगढ गुरू उपदेमिह मरिवर बंध प्रतिसब । सखि ठाकर प्रदराज्य म्यघ राजि प्रासाद माडीउए ।॥२०॥ मडलिक राइ बहूँ मानीउ देश वदेशि ज व्यागीय । पीतलमा आदिनाथ थिर थापीया ए॥२१॥
3
Granth Bhandal 1cräpanthi Jaina Temple, Jaipur.
4
Ibid
5. Ibid.
6. Grantha Bhandar Tholla Jaina Temple, Jaipur.
7
Ibid.

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5. BRAHMA JINDĀSA:
He was the younger brother and pupil of Bhattāraka Sakal Kirti. He refers in most of his works to the name of Bhattaraka Bhuwan Kirti with great respect. He lived with him for a long time. He also mentions the name of his Guru in most of his works. Dūngrpur seems to have remained the main centre of his literary activities. He was a good scholar of Saṁskut, Hindi and Gujati. He wrote more than 50 works both in Sanishrit and Hindi. Harivansa Putanu, Padam Purana. Jämbu Swimi Caritra, Viat Katha Kosa Adinatha Purāna, Srenika Caritra, and Yasodhar Carita, are some of his Samahut works which are read with great interest by the Jainas Hanumat Rāsa.' Hoh Rasa, Karma Vipak Rása, Jambu Swánı Rāsa, Aradhanā Risa, Sripāla Rāsa, Sudarsan Rasa, Nāgak umir Rasa, are some of his Hindi works, which are also read by Jainas with great interest and as such they are in several Grantha Bliandārs of Rājasthan, and at Āmer Šāstra Bhandar and Udaipur Sastra Bhandārs in particular.
6. BHATTĀRAKA GYĀNA BHUSANA
He was also a great Samskrit and Hindi scholar, and was the 4th in Bhattāraka line. He sat on the Bhattarka Gādi in the year 1475 A.D. after that he left that seat and devoted his time to the writing of works. He travelled in Mewar and various other parts of Rajasthan and preached to the public. He was greatly respected by sevral rulers of Rajasthan, and Gujrāt. He wrote works such as sattva Gyana larangani, Siddhi nt Sär (Bhisya) Ādisvar Phāga and commentary on Nemi Nuwan Kivya He completed Tattva Gyāna Tarangin in the year 1503 A D. Ādisvar Phāga describes the life of Sri Ādinātha and runs in both, Samskrit and Hindi. Prikri commentary on Gomatta-ār was also got written by him in the year 1503 At present it is available in the Sastra Bhandar of Mozmábad
7 PANDIT RĀJ MALL
Pandit Rajmall was a learned scholar of Samskrit and Hindı. He belonged to Bairāth, an old town of Rajasthan 70 miles from Jaipur on Jaipur-Delhi Road
1. श्रीसकलकीरति गुरू प्रणमीनि भवनकोति भवतार । ब्रह्मजिणदास एणी परिमणि, पढता पुन्य अपार ॥७२७।।
-Hanumat Rasa

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He was a scholar of 16th century and wrote Lāti Samhita 2 ( 1584 A. D.), Pancadhyayi, Jambu Swami Carita in Samskrit. Läti Samhita2 was composed for Sahu Phaman at Bairath, in the year 1584 A.D. He also translated into Hindi prose Samayasar a famous work of Prakrit language written by Acarya Kunda Kunda. This work is an important one from linguistic point of view and is regarded as the first big work in Hindi literature. For some time he lived in Agra and had an occasion to see Emperor Akbar and was very much influenced by his liberal views on religion. He has praised Akbar's reign in Jambuswami Carita.
GYANA KIRTI
He was the pupil of Vad:bhusana He wrote Yasodhar Carita3 on the request of Nănů Godha who was the Prime Minister of Mahār. ja Mansingh of Amer. He was a scholar of 16th century and completed his work in the year 1602 A.D. One manuscript of the work exists in Amer Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur. The work is still unpublished.
8
Jaina Granths Bhandars in Rajasthan.
9. BHATTĀRAKA KUBHA CANDRA :
Bhattaraka Subha Candra was in the line of Bhaṭṭāraka Sakal Kirti. He was the pupil of Bhattaraka Vijay Kirti and was a great Samskrit scholar of the 16th century. He held the titles of " Trividha Vidyadhar" and "Sat bhāsā kavicakravarti”. He studied Philosophy, Grammar, Lexicography and Alankirs and travelled in various parts of India such as Karni tak, Gujrāt, Malwa, and Rajasthan. He wrote more than 30 works in samskrit and Hindi. out of which Candraprabhā Carita,
| तन्मूनुं श्रियमुद्वहत् भुजबलादेकातपत्रो भुवि, श्रीमत्साहिकग्वशे वरमति साम्राज्यराजद्वषु । तेज पुजमयो ज्वलज्ज्वलनज ज्वाला करालनल । सर्वादीन् दहतिम्म निर्देपमना, उन्मूल्यमूलादवि ।।११।। 2 तत्राद्यम्य वरो मुतो वरगुणो न्योताह्वसवाधिपा ।
येनतज्जिनमन्दिर स्फुटमिह प्रोतु गमत्युद्भुत । वराटनगरे निधाय विधिवत्पूजाश्च वहवय. कृत । अत्रामुत्र सुखपद स्वयशस स्तमसमारोपित ॥
-- Lati Samhita p. 73
3 इति श्रीयशोधरमहाराजचरित्र मट्टारकश्रीवादिभूषणशिष्याचार्य श्रीज्ञानकीर्तिविरचिते राजाधिराज महाराजमानसिंह प्रधान साह श्री नानू नामाकिते मट्टारक श्री श्रमयरुच्या दिदीक्षाग्रहण स्वर्गादिप्राप्तिवर्णनां नाम नवम. संग. |

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Jivandhar Carita are his famous works. The manuscripts of his works are available in several Grantha Bhandārs of Rajasthan. The main centres where he wrote his works were Dungarpur and Sagwara. He completed Pandava Purana in Sagwara in the year 1551 A.D. A compelete account of him has been given in Pandava Purana. remained Bhaṭṭāraka from the year 1516 to 1556 A.D.
He
10 BHATTARAKA SOMASEN:
He was also a Rajasthani scholar and lived in Bairath, an old town of Rajasthan. He wrote Padma Purana in the year 1602 A.D. in Samskrit. Somasen was the pupil of Acārya Gunabhadra. His work is very popular and available in various Brandārs of Rajasthan. This is a short form of Jaina Rāmāyaṇa.
11. JAGANNATHA :
He was the pupil of Bhattaraka Narendra Kirti who lived in Todäräisingh known by the name of Taksak Garh'. Jagannath was a Jaina Khandelwal by caste and was son of Sresthi Pom Raja. Six works written by him have been discovered so far which are Swetambar Parajaya, Caturvinsari, Sandhan Svopadam Tika, Sukh Nidhan, Sukhena Carita, Siva Sandhan Nama. He was a scholar of 17th-18th century. His brother Vadi-Raja was also a good scholar of Samskrit He wrote Samskrit commetary on Vägbhatṭālankär called Kavi Candrikâ in Samwat 1729 1. e. 1672 A D. Gyan Locana Stotra was also composed by him and is preserved in the Săstra Bhandar of Patodi Temple. All the works are unpublished so far.
HINDI WRITERS
1. PADMA NABH
Padmanabh was a poet of the 15th century and belonged to the Cittor state. Sanghapati Dungar requested him to compose a Bavani dealing with various
1 Bhattaraka Sampradaya Page 147.
22 वत्से नेत्रपडश्वसोम १७६२ निहिते ज्येष्ठे च मासेनघे । शुभ्र पक्ष इति त्रयोदशदिने श्रीतक्षकास्ये पुरे । मिस्वामिगृहे व्यलीलिखदिदं देवागमालंकृते । पुस्त पूज्यनरेन्द्रकी र्तिसुगुरो' श्री जगन्नाथवटु ।।
-Anekanta year 10 p. 73

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topics and on his request he completed the Bavani in the year 1486 A.D. It is in Rajasthani fully influenced by Apabhramsa. This is his only work which has been discovered so far. Two manuscripts of the work have been searched out, of which one is in the Abhaya Granthalaya, Bixaner and the other one is in the Grantha Bhandar of Tholia Jaina temple, Jaipur. The whole Bavani is in Chaappaya metre. Some of the verses are of High standard composed in a strong and good literary style
2. CHIHALA.
He was Rajasthani poet of 15th and 16th Century. The place where the poet was born and lived is not known so far but it is certain that the poet was a Rajasthani scholar' as his work are generally preserved in the Grantha Bhandars of Rājasthan He was Agarwal Jaina and his father's name was Nathu. Upto this ume five small works written by him have been discovered. Panca Saheli Gita was composed in the year 1517 A. D. His other works are Panthi Gita, Bawani and two small Gita called Udar Gita and Veli. "Bāwāni" which was completed in the year 1524 A. D. has been discovered recently in the Sastra Bhandar of Tholia Jaina temple, Jaspur Acarya Rāma Candra Sukla and Dr. Ram Kumar Varma' have also wrote a few lines about the poct, but they had given only the description of Panca Saheli Gita
All his works are not published so far. His works though small one are full of literary merits. All his works are written in Rajasthani language. Two verses of Panca Saheli Gita are as follows
Rajasthani Bhasa aur Sahitya p 149-50
2 पनरेरी पीचोतरे, पूनम फागुण माम । पचम हैली वररणवी, कवि छोहल परगास ||
1
3
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan
चउरामी श्रागलइ सइ जु पंद्रह मवछर ।
मुक्ल पस्य अष्टमी मास कालिंग गुरु वासरु || हृदय उपनी बुद्धि नाम श्रीगुरूको लीन्हउ |
सारद तर उ पसाइ कवित्त मपूरण कीन्हउ || नाव्हिंग बसि नाथु सुतनु अगरवाल कुल प्रगट रवि ।
बावनी बसुधा विस्तरी कवि ककरण छील कवि ।।
4 Hindi Sahitya ka itihasa-Samwat 2007 p 198.
5. Hindi Sahitya ka Аlocanatmak Itihasa p. 324-448

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मीठे मन के भावते, कीया सरस बखाण ।
अरण जाण्या मूरिख हसइ, रीझइ चतुर सुजाण ।।६७।। सवत पनर पचुहुत्तरह, पूनिम फागुण मास ।
पच महेली वरणवी, कवि छीहल परगास ।।६।।
3. TAAKKURSI :
Thakkursi was a Rājasthāni scholar of 15th century His father Dhelha was also a Hindi poet, In most of his works he quotes himsslf as the son of Poet Dhelha, In Meghamálā Viata Kathā he describes the City of Catsu where he completed the work. He was Khandelwāla Jaina and Pahadya was his Gotra. His works are available in several Bhandārs of Rajasthan which shows his popularity. Nine works written hy hım have been found so far in the Grantha Bhandārs. They are (1) Pārswanatha Sakuna Sattavist ( 1521 A. D) (2) Meghamala Vrata Katha (1523 A. D.), (3) Kripana Carita (1523 A. D.), (4) Sila Battisi', ( 1528 A. D.) (5) Pancendriya Veli 2, (1528 A. D), (6) Gunaveli, (7) Nein Rajamati Veli, (8) Cintamani Jayamala and (9) Simandhara Stavan. Besides these, there are also some Padas whlch are preserved in the Guta käs.
4 BRAHMA VOCARĀJA
Vücarāja was a great Rājasthāni poet of the 15th and 16th century. Being a Jaina saint he used to travel from one place to another. He wrote several works in Rajasthani His first work was Mayana'-JuJha which was completed by him in Saṁwat 1584 (1527 A.D.). Recently three works namely Santosu Jayamala (1534 A D ),
1. कवि घेल्ह सुतन गुण ठावो, जगि प्रगट ठकुरसी नावा ।
तो बेलि सरस गुरणगाया, चित चतुर मुरिग्व समझाया ।।
-Pancendriya Veli
सवत पदसैर पिच्यास्यो, तेरमि सुदि कातिग मासे । इ पाच इद्री वसि राखे, सौ हरत परत सुग्ब चाखे ।।
3.
हाथ व साह महत्ति महते, पहाचन्द गुरू उवएसते । पणदह स इजि प्रसीते अग्गल, श्रावण मास छठिखिय मगल ।।
राह विवकम तरणउ सवत, नवासिय न पनरसै । सवदरूति प्रासु बखारगड, तिथि पडिया सुभ लग्नसु ।।

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Bāraha Bhāvanā and Cetana Pudgal Dhamala and some Padas have been discovered in the Grantha Bhandars of Bundi and Ajmer. There is a manuscript of Samayaktva Kaumudi' which was presented to him at Campavati., an old name of Catasu in the year 1525 A. D.
5. CHITARA THOLIĀ :
Chitara Tholia was born in Mozam? bad an old town of Rajasthan, 40 miles from Jaipur City in the West. One work, Holi ki Katha' has been discovered so far. This was completed in Sarwat 16602 ( 1603 AD) in Mozamabad when Raja Mansingh (1560-1615 A. D. ) was the Ruler of Amer. The work deals with a story of Holi according to the Jaina Mythology The work is still unpublished.
Jaina Granths Bhandars in Rajasthan.
6. VIDYĀ BHOŞANA :
He was a Hindi poet of 16th century. He was the pupil of Visva Sena who had been 10 Rămasena ne. He belonged to Bhattapura caste. He completed his work Bhaviśya Datta Rāsa in Samwat 1600 (1543 A. D.) in a temple of Pārsvanitha at Sojat an old town in Pali District of Rajasthan. The Rasa is in Rajasthani influenced by Gujarati. It contains 472 verses composed in various
metres.
7. BRAHMA RĀYMALL:
Brahma Raymalla was a great Hindi poet of 16th century. He was the pupil of Bhattaraka Ananta Kirti He was was a Rajasthani poet put his original
1
2.
3.
Amer Sästra Bhandar, Jaipur Prasasti Sangrah p 44
सौलासे साठे शुभ वर्ष फाल्गुन शुक्ल पूर्णिमा हर्ष । सोहै मौजावाद निवास, पूजे मन की सगली आस || सोहै राजा मान को राज, जिहि बाधी पूरबलग पाज । सुखी सर्वे नगर मे लोग, दान पुराय जाने सह भोग | इहि विधि कलयुग में दिन रात, जारी नही दुख: की जाति । छीतर ठोल्यो बीनती करें, हिवडा माहि जिनवाणी धरे ।।
महानयर सौजित्रा ठाम त्यासु पास जिनवरनु धाम । मट्टपुरा शांति अभिराम, नित नित करि धर्मना काम ॥ ६० ॥ सवत् सोलसि श्रावणमास शुक्ल पंचम दिन उल्हास कहि विद्याभूषण सुरीश, रास ए नदु कोडि वरीस ॥ ६१॥

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birth place has not been mentioned in any of his works. He completed his Pradyumna Raso at Ranthambhore fort (1568 A. D.) and Bhavisya-Datta-Katha at Sanganer (1576 A. D.). His other works are Hanumat Rasa (1559 A. D.). Sudarsana Raso (1562 A. D.), Nemisvara Rāsa and Nirdosa Sapatma Vrata Katha. All the works are very popular and therefore their manuscripts are available in several Bhandaars of Rajasthan. In his Bhavisya-Datta-Kathā, he describes himself and the City of Sanganer as follows:
मूलसघ शारद शुभ गछि,छोडी चार कषाय निरमछि । अनतकीति मुनि गुरणह निधान, तासु तने सिग्व कीयो बखोरण ।। ब्रह्म रायमल थोडि बुधि, अरथ पद की न ल है सुधि । जैमी मति दीनै प्रौकाम, व्रत पञ्चमी को कीयो परकास ।। जो इह कथा सुरणे दे कान, काल लाहवि पहुंचे निरवान । मौलहम तैतीमा सार, कातिक सुदी चौदमि सनिवार । म्वाति नक्षत्र सिद्धि शुभ जोग, पीडा न च्यापै न रोग । दस ढढाहड सोभा घणी, पुज तहा अलि मण तणी। निर्मल तले नदी बहु फिरे सुग्व मे बमै बहु सागानेरि । चहुँ दिशि वगणया भला बाजार, भरे पटोला मोतीहार । भवन उतुग जिनेश्वर तगा, सोमै चदवा तोरण धणा । गाजा राज भगवतदास, गजकवर मेवहि बहु तास । परजा लोग मुग्व मुग्व बर्म, दुखी दलिद्री पुग्ये प्राम । श्रावक लोग बसे धनवत, पूजा करहि जयति अाहत । उपरा उपरी वैर न काम, जिहि पहिमिद मुर्ग सुग्व वाम ।
All the works written by him are still unpublished
8 ANANDAGHAN:
He was a Rajasthani Jaina saint and is regarded as one of the best spiritual poets amongst the Jaina scholars of both Digambara and Swetāmbara. Anandghan was a great scholar and his works Anandghan Caubist and Anandghan Bahottari are considered to be the works of high siandard in Rajasthani and Hindi. It is a pity that still a complete description about Anandghan has not so far been published. According to some scholar he was born in the year 1603 A.D. and di.d at the age

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Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
of 70 in 1673 A D. His original name was Lābhānanda'. His two works mentioned above are the collections of sevei al small works.
9 BRAHMA KAPORA CANDA:
Brahma Kapūra Canda hailed from Anandapur town where Jaswant Singh Ráthore was the Ruler. He describes himself as the pupil of Muni Guņa Candra pupil of Yasah Kirti in his work Pārswanātha Raso. Anandapur was at that time a prosperous town where people of all caste and creed led a happy life. The poet completed his work in the year 1640 A.D. at Pārswanatha temple. Several Hindi Padas and Vinalis written by the poet are also available in the Gutakas of the Grantha Bhandars.
तामु तगु मिपि तमु पंडित कपूर जी चन्द ।
__ कीयो रास चिति धारवि आनद । जिरगगुग्ण बहु मुझ अल्प जो मनि ।
गति विधि देख्या जी शास्त्र पुराग । बुधजन देवि को मति हमै ।
नैमी जी विधि मे कीयो जी बग्वाण ।।१६।। मालामै सत्ताव मामि वैमावि ।।
पचमी तिथि मुभ उजल पावि । नाम नक्षत्र प्राद्रा भलो ।
बार वहम्पति अधिक प्रधान । गम कियो बामा मृत तगो ।
स्वामी जी पारमनाथ के थान ॥१६॥ अहो देस को राजा जी जाति गठोड ।
सकलजी छत्री याक सिरि माइ । नाम जमवसिघ तमु तगो ।
तास आनदपुर नगर प्रधान । पोगा छत्तीस लीला करे ।
सोमै जी जमे हो इन्द्र विमान ॥१६३।।
-Parsvanatha Raso
1. Ardha Kath&nak edited by Natha Ram Premi, p. 132

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10. HEMARĀJA II :
There were two scholars having the same name and of the same 17th century The first Hemarāja' lived at Agrā who wrote more than 10 works both in Hindi prose and poetry. Hemrāja Il was a Rajasthani poet. His only work of Dohāśatak has been recent!y discovered in the Grantha Bhandar of Jaina Tholia Temple, Jaipur. According to the description given in the Dohāśatak he was born in Sāngāner but began to live at Kāmāafter some time. The work contains 101 Dohās. It is a literary work full of religious and moral teachings It was completed in the year 1668 A.D. at Kamāgarh
11
HARSA KIRTI :
Harsa Kirti was a Rajasthani Scholar of the 17th century. He wrote several works in Hindi. The poet completed his Caturgati Veli in the year 1626 AD There are about 30 works which were written by him The names of the works are Chahalesya Kavitta, Pancamagati Veis, Karma Hindolan 7, Simandhar ki Jakadi, Neminātha Rājamati Gita, Nemisvara Gita and Morda. He also wrote several Padas in Hindi which are lying scattered in the various Gutkās of Jaina Giantha Bhandars
12. BRAHMA GYĀNA SĀGARA
Brahma Gyāna Sāgara was pupil of Bhattāraha Sri Bhūsana He was a scholar of both Hindi and Samskrit He wrote several works in Hindi, specially short stories which are more than 40 in number. Thirty iwo stories are in the collection of
। हेमराज पडित बस, निमी प्रागरे ठा' ।
गरग गोत्र गुन ग्रागरो, सब पूजे जिम पाइ ।।
-Pandava Purand of Bulakidass.
2
उपजी सागानेरि को, अब कामागढ वाम ।
यहा 'हेम' दोहा रचे स्वपर बुद्धि पर काम ।।१८।। कामांगद सुवस जहा, कीरतिमिह नरेस।
अपने खडग बलवमि किवे, दुर्जन जितेक देस 11880 सतरहमै पच्चीसको, बरतें सवत् सार ।
कातिक सुदी तिथि पचमी, पूरन भयो विचार ।।१०।। एक प्रागरे एकसौ कीये दोहा छंद ।
जो हित देबांचे पढे, ता उरि बढ आनन्द ।।१०१।।

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Jamna Grantha Bhandars is Rajasthån.
a Gutaka of Tholiā Jaina temple, Jaipur. In the Dasalaksana Vratkatha he mentioned his teacher's name as follows:
भट्टारक श्रीभूपण धीर, सकलशास्त्र पूरन गभीर । तस पद प्रणमी बोले सार, ब्रह्म ज्ञानसागर सुविचार ।।
Bhattáraka Sri Bhūsana, the teacher of Brahma Gyāna Sãgara completed Påndava Purāņa in the year 1600 A. D, so the time of his pupil is evidently 17th century. Some of the stories written by him are as follows :
Ratnatraya Vrata Kathă, Ananta Vrata Katha, Srāvan Dvadasi Viat Katha, Rohint Vrat Katha, Puspänjali Vrat Kathā, Raksabandhan Katha, Kokilā Pancami Kathā, Candana Şasti Vrata Katha,
13. JODHRĀJA GODIKĀ.
Jodhrāja Godikā was a Rijasthani scholar of the 17th century. He lived in Sangāner (Jaipur) His father Amar Cand Godika was wealthy man famous throughout the country for his business. He was a great Hindi writer of his time The following are his main works :
Written in the year
1665 A D
1 Katha Kosa
2
Dharma Sarovara
3 Samyaltva Kaumudi
4
Pravacapasāra Bhisā
1667 1667 .. 1667 ,
1664 , Not known
5. Pritinkar Carita Bhāsā 6. Bhāva Dipikā
Except the last work all other works are in Hindi poetry. He studied with Pandit Hari Subha a Samskrit Scholar. In his Samyaktva Kaumudi, there are some autobiographical verses :
सागानेर सुथान मे, देश टूढाडि सार।
ता सम नहीं की और पुर, देखे सहर हजार ।। Th at #175, TTTTTTS #F# THI
वासी सांगानेरि को करी कथा सुखधाम ।।

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धर्मदास को
जाति लुहाड्यो जोय ।
नाम कल्याण सु जानिये, कवि को मामो सोय ।।
पूत लघु,
ताकै पढ़िये कारने, कियो ग्रन्थ यह जोध ।
नाम समकित कोमुदी, दायक केवल वोध || इहै समकित कौमुदी, जो नर पढ़ें सुभाय ।
सो सुर नर सुख पाय के हनो करमि मिव जाय ||
चौपाई
दीस |
सवत् सत्रासं चोबीस फागन बुदि तेरस शुभ शुक्रवार सो पूरन मई, इहै कथा समकित गुन उई ।।
His works were quite popular therefore manuscript copies of several of them are available in various Bhandars of Jaipur. All the works are unpublished so far
14. KISANA SINGHA .
He was born in Rampura, a village in Sawaimadhopur District but later on he settled at Sanganer which was the centre of literary activity in the 17th and 18th century. His father's name was Kalyana who was famous by the title of Sangahi Kisana Singha was the elder son and Anand Singha was the younger one of his father. He wrote more than 20 works in Hindi poetry out of which Punyasrava Katha Kosa is very much popular the description of the poet given in the Bhadrabahu Carita is as follows
खडेलीवालं वैम विसाल नागरचालं देससिय ।
रामापुरवासं देवनिवास धर्मप्रकास प्रकटकिय मगही कल्याण सब गुणजाण, गोत्र पाटणी मुजसलियं ।
पूजो जिनरायं श्रुत गुरूपाय नमें मकति निज दानदिय ।
तसु सुत दुव एव गुरूमुखदेव लहुरी प्राणंदसिंघ सुरौ ।
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सुखदेव सुनंदन जिन पद वंदन, थान मान किसनेस सुगौ ।
The names of his other works are Bāvanī (1706 A.D), Rātri Bhojan Katha (1716 A.D), Ekāvalivratkatha, Guru Bhakti Gita, Cetan Lori, Caubisa Dandaka, Jina Bhakti Gita, Namokara Rasa, Nirvana Kanda Bhaşa, Labdhi Vidhana Katha etc. Hindi Padas written by him are also available in the various Gutakās preserved in the Grantha Bhanḍārs.

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15. SEWA RĀMA PATNI.
Sewa Rāma Pātni was born in Dausa but afterwards settled down in Digacity of fountains-in the Bharatpur State. His father's name was Māyā Rāma. He was a Khandelwal and Patni was his Gotrā In V S. 1850 (1793 A.D.) he completed Hindi translation of Mallinatha Carita Originally it was written in Samskrit by Sakal Kirti. A manuscript written in the same year in which it was composed has been found in the Sastra Bhandar of Diga Sewa Rama Patni was also a good copyist and several manuscripts written by him are preserved in Granth Bhandars of Kima, Bharatpur and Diga. The work is still unpublished.
Jain Grantha Bhandais in Rajasthan
16. JAI CANDA CHABRĀ
Jai Canda Chabra was a famous Rajsthani scholar. He was born in Samwat 1795 (1738 A D.) at Phagi, a town 24 miles south of Jaipur He began writing in 1804 A. D. and his last work seems to have been completed in 1817 A D. He wrote more than 15 works in Dhundhari language which is a part of Rajasthani All the works written by him are not original but translations from Samskrit and Prakrit works HIS works are very popular and their circulation is also wide In the Bhandars of Jaipur all the works written by him are found Some of the original copies written by his own hand are at present placed in the Sastra Bhandar of Jaina temple Bada Mandir, Jaipur.
Names of the works written by him are as follows
(1) Tattwärtha Sūtra Bhāsā (2) Dravya Sangraha Bhasa (3) Sawartha Siddhi Bhäså
(1859)
(1863)
(1861)
(4) Asta Pahuda Bhāsa
(1867)
(5) Samayasara Bhasa
(1864)
(6) Swami Kartikeyanu Picksa (1863) (7) Aptamimansa Bhasa (1867)
1. मायाचन्द को नन्दन जानि, गौन पाटगी सुख को खानि । मेवाराम नाम ही सही, भाषा कवि को जानो हो । श्रत्यबुद्धि मेरी प्रति घरी, कविजन मो विनति इह भली । भूल चूक जो लेहु सुधारि इहि अरज मेरी अविधारि ॥ सवन् भ्रष्टादश शत जांनि, और पचास अधिक हो मानि ।
सोमवार के मांहि ॥
भादो मास प्रथम पक्षि माहि, पांचें तत्र वह ग्रन्थ सपूर्ण कीयो, कवि जन मन
वांछित फल
लियो ।

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Dewāgāma Stotra Bhāsā (1866)
( 8 ) ( 9 )
Parikśa Mukha Bhāsā
(1863)
( 10 )
Gyanārnava Bhāsā
(1867)
(11) Dhanya Kumāra Canita Bhāsā etc.
Most of his works have been published.
RIŞABHA DASA NIGOTIA :
He was born in Jaipur in 1783 A. D. His father Sobha Canda Nigotia was a business man He studied several Jaina works of Prakrit and Samskrit and became a famous scholar He wrote a Hindi commentary on Mülăcăra, a Prakrit work in 1831 AD. He was a teacher of various Jaina Scholars His Hindi translation of Mülăcar has not been published so far
18. HIRA :
He was a Hindi scholar of 18th Century. He lived in Bündi Only one work written by him has been found so far. It is Nemi Vyahalo which was completed in the year 1791 A.D. in Bundi. the poet has given a short description of Bündi at the end of the work The description is as follows -
17
and
19
माल अठाराम “परमाण, ता पर अडतालीम बखागण | पौम कृष्ण पाचे तिथि प्राणि, बार बृहस्पति मन मे प्राण ||50| बृदी को छे महा सुथान, ती मे नेम जिनालय जान ।
ती मध्ये पडित वर भाय, रहे कवीश्वर उपमा गाय ॥५१॥
ना को नाउ जिना को दाम, महा विचक्षरण रहत उदाम ।
म िहीरो है ताको नाम, तो कर्या नेम गुगा गान ॥ ८२ ॥
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NEMI CANDRA
Nemi Candra lived in Amber which was the old capital of Jaipur State He was the pupil of Bhattaraka Jagat Kirti and had a good company of scholars amongst which Dungarsi and Rupa Cand were famous. He was a Jaina Khandelwal. His younger brother was Jhagaroo. He composed Neminatha Raso in Samwat 1769
१. मट्टारक सब उपरें जगकीरती जगजोति अपारतो ।
कीरति चहूँ दिसि विस्तरी, पाँच श्राचार पाले सुमसारतो ||२०|| ताको सिष नेमचन्द, लघु म्राता तसु भगडु जाणिनो । सेठी गोत पदमावत्या खडेलवाल तमु वै सत्र खांगिती ||२१||

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Jaina Granths Bhandars in Rajasthan.
1. e. 1712 A D.' The Rasa is also fam Jus by the name of Harivansa Purāņa. The poet has given a good description of Amer at the end of the work. One work of the poet is Priyankara Caupai which is in the Jaina temple of Badht Canda of Jaipur.
20. KHUŚĀL CANDA KĀLA:
Khusala Canda Kālā originally belonged to Sångäner but after completion of his education he migrated to Delhi and settled there in Jaisinghpură. He was a son of Sundar Dāsa. Laxmıdāsa2 was his teacher. He remembered the name of Bhattāraka Davendra Kirti with great respect in his works. Khusal Canda Kālā was a good scholar of Hindi and he wrote nine works which are available in the vanous Grantha Bhandārs of Rajasthan. The names of his works are as follows.
(1) Yasodhara Carita (2) Uttar Purana (3) Padma Purāna (4) Harivansa Purant (5) Katha Kosa (6) Dhanya Kumar Canta (7) Jambu Swami Carita (8) Subhasitāvali (9) Pada Sangraha
(1724 A D.) (1742 A.D) (1726 A.D) (1723 A.D) (1726 A D)
and
All works are unpublished.
21. AJAYRĀJA PĀTŅI.
Ajayaraja Pätni was born at Amer. He was a Hindi and Samskrit scholar of the 18th Century. He wrote more than 20works in Hindi out of which Adipur.ina
1. सतगर्म गुणहत्तरे, मुदि प्रामोज दमे रवि जाणतो । __राम रच्यो श्रीनेमि को, बुद्धि साझ मे की यो बवारणती ।। 2. ऐसे लिखमीदास ढिग मे कुछ पढ्यो मुग्यान,
पढन कीयो मौ बुध्य लो, ये तो ग्यान निधान । तिनहो के उपदेश तें, भाषा सार बनाय,
श्रुतसागर ब्रह्मचार को, सुभ अनुसार सुनाय ॥ 3. पौर सुरणी मागे मन लाय, मैं सुन्दर को नद सुमाय ।
सिय सिया प्रमिधा मम माय, ताहि क खि मैं उपजू माय । पद खुशाल कहै सब लोक, माषा कीनी सुगत प्रसोक ।

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Bhāṣa (1740 A.D.), Neminatha Carita (1735 A.D.) Carkha Caupai, Katha Battisi, Yasodhara Caupai (1735 A.D.) are important. He gave a good description of Amer in his works. His main centre of literary activity was Neminatha temple of Amer. The description of himself and Amer in the Neminatha Carita is as follows:
All his works are still unpublished.
MAHA PANDIT TODAR MALA
Pandit Todar Mala was one of the most famous Jaina Hindi Scholars of the 18th Century. He was a genius and before be was 26, he translated several voluminous works in Rajasthani prose from Prakrit. He was born in Jaipur. His father was Devidas Khandelwal and mother Rambhadevi. His son Gumani Rāma was also a good scholar. He had a good spiritual knowledge and had command on grammar, philosophy and Jaina religion. He used to be surrounded by scholars and his great respect amongst the Jainas is due to his translation of great Prakrit works which were not understandable to common people at that time. He translated the following works in Rajasthani prose:--
22
प्रजयराज इह कीयो बखाग, राज सवाई जयसिह जाण । प्र बावती सहरै शुभ थान, जिन मन्दिर जिम देव विमान । नीर निवारण सौहें बन राई, बेलि गुलाब चमेली जाई । पो मरबो प्ररु सेवति, यो हो जाति नानाविधि किती । बहु मेवा बहु विधि सार, बररगत मोहे लागे बार । गढ मन्दिर कछु कहयो न जाइ, सुखिया लोग बसे अधिकाइ । तामै जिन मन्दिर इक सार, तहा विराज श्री नेमिकुमार । स्याम मति सोभा प्रति घणी, ताकी वोपमा जाइ नगरणी ।
and
(i) Gomattasära Jiva Kända
(11) Gomaṭṭasăra Karma Kanda
(i) Labdhisära
(iv) Kśapaņāsāra
(v) Atmānusāsana
(vi) Trilokasăra
(vii) Puruşarthasidhyupaya (This was completed by Daulat Rama Käsliwal later on).
He also wrote Moksamarga Prakasaka which is a good book on Jaina religion. His time of writing the works is from the year 1754 to 1765 A.D. All his works have been published. One example of his Rajasthani prose is follows:

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248 ]
भला होनहार है तातै जिस जोव के ऐसे विचार प्रावे मै कौन हूँ, मेरा कहा सरूप है। पर कहा ते पाकर यहा जन्म धार या है और मर कर कहा जाऊगा। यह चरित्र कैसे बनि रहा है। ए मेरे भाव हो हैं, तिनका का फल लागेगा। जीव दुखी होय रह्या है सो दु:ख दूर होने का कहा उपाय है।
23. SRUTA SAGAR
He was born in Sångå ner, a town 8 miles from Jaipur. He came here from Barrätha, an old twon of Rajasthan. In Sángâner also the poet did not live for a long time and he again went to Bharatpur where he completed ruim la Vainan in Saṁwat 1821 1. e. 1764 A.D The work is still unpublished
24 BHÃI RĀIMALL.
He was Jaipurian scholar of the 18th Century and wrote two works. One is Gvånananda Srăvakācāra and the other is Carcasära. He also wrote a fine description of Indradhvaja Poja which was performed in Jaipur City in vs 1821 (1764 AD.). From the detailed description made in this work his scholarship may be scen. Scholars of Jaipur City like Pt Daulat Rama, Todar Mala and Jai Canda etc. praised him for his knowledge and wisdon in their works.
25. DAULATA RAMA KASLIWAL:
Daulata Rāma Kasliwal was a prominent Hindi Scholar of the 18th Century He was born in Baswa. an old town of the Jaipur State. His father was Ananda Rāma. He came to Jaipur in search of service and was appointed Vakil of Jaipur State ut Udaipur? He stayed there for a long time. He was greatlyi nterested in literary
1. रायमल्ल साधर्मी एक, जाके घट में स्वपर विवेक ।
दयावान गुरगवन्त मुजान, पर उपगारि परमनिधान ।।
--Padam Purina by Daulat Rána.
2. वसुवा का वासी यह अनुचर जय को जानि ।
मत्री जयसुत को सही जाति महाजन जानि ।
जय को राखे राग ये, रहे उदयपुर माहि । । जगतसिंह कृपा करे गये अपने पाहि ।।
-Adhyatma Barahkhari,

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work. As a matter of fact he created a very good atmosphere of reading old Puranas and other works amongst Jainas. There are about 15 works written by this scholar and amongst them are Punyasrava Katha Kosa (1720 A.D.), Adipurana Bhasa (1716 A.D.), Padam Purana Bhasa (1766 A.D.), Harivansa Purana Bhasa (1778 A.D.) and Adhyatma Bārah Khari (1741 A.D.) are very well known. Except the last work all are in Hindi prose. His Adhyatma Barabkhari is a voluminous work hasing .more than 3000 verses. Only one copy of this big manuscript has been found so far in the Jaina Sastra Bhandār of Terapanthi Temple, laipur. His works like Ādipurāna and Punyāsrava Kathā Kośã have been published. One example of his Hindi prose is given below:
तब रावण ने उछलकर इन्द्र के हाथी के मस्तक पर पग धर मति शीघ्रता कर गज सारथी को पाद प्रहार त नीचे डारा । पर इन्द्र को वस्त्र से बाधा पर बहुत दिलासा देकर पकड अपने गज पर ले पाया । पर रावण के पुत्र इन्द्रजीत ने इन्द्र का पुत्र जयन्त पकडा । अपने सुभटो को सौपा और पाप
द्र के सुभटो पर दौड़ा । तब रावण ने मने किया । हे पुत्र ! अब रण से निवृत्त होवो क्योकि समस्त विजया के जे निवासी विधाधर तिनका मिर पकड लिया है । अब समस्त अपने अपने घर जावो । सुग्व से जीवो। शालि से चावल लिया तब पराल का कहा काम ! जब रावण ने ऐसा कहा तब इन्द्र-जीत पिता की प्राज्ञा से पीछे बाहडा। पर सर्व देवो की सेना शरद के मेघ के समान भाग गई जैसे पवन कर शरद के मेध विलय जाय । रावण की सेना मे जीत के वादित्र बाज, ढोल नगारे शंख झांझ इत्यादि अनेक वादियो का शब्द भया। इन्द्र को पकडा देख कर रावण की सेना प्रति हर्षित भई।
Padma Purana p. 133
26. DILA RAMA.
Dila Ram's forefathers came from Khandela a part of Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthān. First of all they settled at Todaräisingh but on the request of Bundi Darbar they shifted to Būndı. He was a Khandelwala and Patni was his Gotra. His father's name was Bahūbli. Dila Râm wrote two works in Hindi, one is called Dulārāma Vilas and the other is Ātma Dwadasi. The first work was completed in 1768 V.S. It is a good co:lection of small works of the poet. He has written some description of Bundi at the end of the work, which is as follows:
वन उपवन चह नदन से मधि गिर मेर नदी गंग सम सोमहि बढावती। प्रतल विलास मे वसत सबै धनपति धन मोंन मोंन रभातिय गावती। महल विमान सभा मुर मधि राज राव,बुद्ध ईद जिम जाके किति लछि मावती । अ पनि सुनियत ननि को मिलाष पूजत लखै ते ऐसी बूंदी प्रमरावती।

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वमि विपुल प्रादर सहित, ल्याए रतन नरेस । सौ कविकुल वंशावलि, वरणत करत सुदेस । प्रथम खडेले ते प्रगट,
जाति धर्म जिनराज। पुन पट्टन ने पाटनी,
जाको विपुल समाज । सो वर्णन सौप सौं,
दस पीढी मध्य चारि । टोडें प्रथम विचार पुनि,
पट बूदी मध्य चारि॥
सतरासे अठसठि समै, दसमी विज कुमार । लगन महरत बार मुभ, भयो ग्रन्थ तत्सार ।।
27. BHATTARAKA VIJAY KIRTI .
He belonged to the Bhattarak Gidi of Ajmer. He was a learned scholar and took great interest in copying the manuscripts. There are several manuscripts written by him which are placed in the Jaina Grantha Bhandar of Ajmer. He wrote one work called Karnamrata Purana in St. 1826 (1769 A.D). This is a good work of Hindi literature. Upto the time of Vijay Kirti, the Jaina Sastra Bhandār of Ajmer continued to be a literary centre. His other work is Śrenik Carita which has been recently discovered in the Ajmer Grantha Bhandar. This was composed in the year 1770 A.D. His other works are Bhart Bahubali Samwad and Sarswati Kalpa etc.
28. HARI KRIŚNĀ PĀNDE :
Hari Krisna Pande was a Hindi story writer of the 18th Century. He was the pupil of Vinay Sågar and wrote 7 stories in simple Hindi verse. Some of his stories are Ratnatraya Katha (1709 A.D.), Ananta Vrat Katha, Dasa Laksana Vrata Katha (1705A D.) JyesthaJinavar Katha (1701 A. D.), Purandara Vidhan Kathar (1711A.D.)
१. मवत सतरही अडसठि समै, फागुन मास सुमार ।
दममी दिन पंडित कही, नाम वृहस्पतिवार ॥२५॥ सूरदेस हरि कत सुभ, पार्सनाथ सुभ यान । तिन समीप परनी कथा, हरिकृष्ण नाम सुजान ॥२६॥

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[
251
and Nišalyaştami Katha. All these stories are available in the collection of Sastra Bhandar of Fatehpur (Sekhawati). The works have not been published so far. He was a Jaina saint and lived in Pārswanātha temple where he wrote all his works.
29. DEEP CANDA KASLIWAL :
He was a Rajasthani scholar, born at Sangāner but settled permanently 10 Amer He had great interest in spiritualism and wrote his works mainly on this subject. His works Anubhava Prakasa, Cida Vilasa, Atmavalokana and Parmatma Purana are in Hindi prose and Gyāna Darpana, Swarūpānanda and Updesa Ratnamala are in Hindi verse. He completed Cida Vilasa in St. 1779 i... 1722 A.D. Two examples of his Hindi prose are as follows:
इम ग्रन्थ में प्रथम परमात्मा का वर्णन किया। पीछे उपाय परमात्मा पायवे का दिखाया । ज परमात्मा को अनभी कियो चाहै तो या ग्रन्थ को बार बार विचारी । यह ग्रन्थ दीपचन्द साधर्मी कियो है वाम सांगानेर । अामेर मे पाये तब यह ग्रन्थ कियो । सवत् १७७६ मिति फागुगण बुदी पंचमी को यह ग्रन्थ पूर्ण कियो।
-Cida Vilasa
जैसे बानर एक काकरा के पडे रौवे तसे याके देह का एक मंग भी छीजे तो बहुतैरा रोवे । ये मेरे और मैं इनका झूठ ही ऐसे जडन के सेवन ते सुख माने । अपनी शिवनगरी का राज्य मूल्या, जो श्री गुरू के कई शिवपुरी को सभाले तो वहा का पाप चेतन राजा अविनाशी राज्य करें।
-Anubhava Prakasa
30-SADASUKHA KASKIWALA:---
___He was a Jaipurian scholar born at Jaipur in 1795 A. D His father Dall Canda' was a famous businessman of his time. He studied with Sri Mannālal Singikā who was himself a good scholar and obtained good knowledge of Hindi. Sanskrit and Prākrit languages. He translated into Hindi prose ten works of Pra
1 डेडराज के बश माहि, इक किंचित ज्ञाना ।
दूलीचन्द का पुत्र, कासलीवाल विख्याता ॥४॥ नाम सदासुख कहें, पात्मसुख का बहु इच्छुक । मो जिनवानि प्रसाद, विषयत भए निरिच्छुक ।।५।।

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krit and Samskrit literature of wich Samuyasala and commentary on Tattwärtha Sutra called Arthapraktsika' (1857 A D.) are well known. He died in the year 1866 at the age of 71. Pärasdi sa Nigotīā was his chief pupil and wrote a very good account of himself in his work Gyäna süryodaya Nāțak.
31. PANNĀ LĀL CAUDHARI
He was Hindi Scholar of the 19th Century. He had translated works of Samskrit and Präkrit into Hindi prose and poetry. He was a good copyist also. More than 30 works were translated by him. Several manuscripts copied by him are available in the Grantha Bhandārs of Jaipur and other places. Subhāśitavali was the first work written by him in the year 1835 A.D. His later work are Yogasāra Bhāsa, Pandava Purana Bhāṣā, Jambu Swāmi Carita Bhāsa, Uttar Purāna Bhāså and Bhavisya Datta Carita Bhāṣā etc.
32. PĀRASDĀSA NIGOTIA
He was a son of Risabha Däsa Nigotia, who was himself a scholar, so he inherited the literary taste from his father. He also remained in company of Sadāsukha Kåsllwal a great Hindi scholar of 19th Century. He translated Gyänasüryodaya Natak in Hindi prose in 1853 A D. His small works have been collected in Pārsva Vilas, His third work is Sāra Caubīst which was completed in the year 1861 A.D. He breathed his last in Ajmer in the year 1879 A. D.
33 BUDHAJAN.
He was born in Jaipur City, His full name was Virdhi Canda He was a very good poet of the 18th and 19th Century and composed his works between Samvat 1859 to 1889 (1802 to 1832 A. D.) He composed Budhjana satsai in sawat 1879 (1822 A. D.). His works are regarded of high quality. His other works are Tatwärtha Bodha, Pancâsti Kāya and Badhjana Vilasa.
34 KESARI SINGHA
He was a scholar of Jaipur City belonging to the 19th Century. He was a lover of literature and spent the whole of his life either in study or in writing works,
1. संवत् उगणीसै पषिक, बौदह प्रादितवार ।
सुदि दशमी वैशाख की, पूरण कियो विचार ॥३॥

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On the request of Gyan Canda Chābră, grand son of Balcanda be translated into Hindi prose Vardhaman Purana, a Samskrit work of Bhajţărak Sakalkirti. The centre of his literary activity was the Jaina temple Laskara, Jaipur. He was also a good coypist and several manuscripts written by him are found in the Sastra Bhandărs of Lapur. The description of Jaipur City given by him in his works is as follows
नगर मवाई जयपुर जानि, ताकि महिमा अधिक प्रवानि । जगतसिह जहां राज करेह, गौत कुछाहा सुन्दर देह ।।६।। देस देम के आवे जहा, भाति भाति की बस्ती तहा । जहां मरावग बमै अनेक, केईक के घर माहो विवेक ।।७।।
-The work is still unpublished
35 DULI CANDA.
Duli Canda was a great literary man He collected in his life about 800 manuscripts travelling throughout India. He devoted most of his time in copying the manuscripts and safely preserving them He was not a Rajasthani Scholar by birth but he lived in Jaipur for about 25 years and established a Sastra Bhandar in the Jain Terapanthi temple, Jaipur. He travelled throughout India thrice and wrote a travel book called Jaina Yatra Darpana! He saw several Grantha Bhandārs and prepared a authorwise Catalogue, ? It was perhaps frst attempt amongest the Jains for preparing such a catalogue of the manuscripts placed in varlous Grantha Bhandārs in India. He wrote more than 15 works in Hindi and died in Agra in the Tear 1877 A. D. The names of his important works are as follows.
(1) Updesa Ratnamāli, (2) Gyāna Prakasa Vilāna, (3) Ārādhanåsår, (4) Mratyu Mahotsava, (5) Jainā garaprakriyā, and(6)Sadbhisitāvali eto
All these works are presei ved in his own bhandār and waiting for publication,
36 NATHULAL DOST :
He was a Jaipurian and grandson of Dülicanda and son of Siya Canda. Sadāsukh Kāsliwala was his teacher and dewan Amar Canda was his great admirer.
-
-
--
-
(1) Preserved in Baba Dulicanda Grantha Bhandar, Jaipur
(2) Preserved in Sanmatt Pustakalaya, Jaipur.

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He completed Sukumäla Carita in 1918 V. S. (1861 A. D.) on the request of Hara Candra Gangwal. At the end of the work he gives a description of the Jaipur City and of himself which runs as under:
ढू बाहर देश मध्य जैपुर नगर सौहै,
___ च्यार वर्ण राह चले अपने सुधर्म की। रामसिंह भूपत के राज मांहि कमी नही,
कमी कछु दृष्टि पर जानो निज कर्म की ॥ बश्यकुल जैनी को पूरव कृत्य पुण्य थकी,
पायो यह खैलो अब मुदी दृष्टि धर्म की । जैन बैन कान सुनी प्रात्म स्वरूप मुनी,
चार अनुयोग मनो, यही सीख मर्म की ।।
DISCOVERIES OF THE VARIOUS WORKS
Most of the Grantha Bhandārs were not previoualy seen by any scholar so the various works in Samskrit, Prakrit, Apabharmsa, Hindi and Rajasthani conld not come to light and the scholars were not aware of their existance. As a result of survey of these Grantha Bhandārs of Rajasthan hundreds of works written in various Indian language have come to light. A list of such works written in Apabhbrbnsa and Hindi is gives in Appendixes III & IV. From the notes on some of these works, scholars may form an idea about the wealth of literature which is preserved in these Bhandārs. In these pages a very short description of some works have been given.
The number of such works are as follows:
and
(a) Prakrit works...... (b) Apabhramsa works (c) Samskrit works (b) Hindi and Rājasthni works
13th Century...... 14th Century ..... 15th Century...... 16th Century... .. 17th Century...... 18th Century.....

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PRÅKRIT & APABHRAMSA WORKS
1. PĀSA CARIU :
Pasa Cariu was written by Kavi Devacanḍra who appears to be a poet of 11th or 12th Century. It deals with the life of Parśva Nātha, the 23rd Tirthankara. The poet calls it Mahakavya. There are eleven sandhis in the work which have 202 Kadvakas. In the first portion of the work, the life of Pārśvanātha and in the later portion of the work, his previous lives have been described.
BEGINNING :
The writer of this work was the pupil of Vasavacandra who was in the Bhatta laka line of Sri Kirti, Deva Kirti, Madhavacandra, Abhayanandi, Vasavacandra and Devacandra.
The manuscript of the work is preserved in the Sastra Bhandar of Nagaur. 2 GURU PARIVADI OR PATTAVALI :
This is a Pattaval of Khartaragaccha, a Swetambara Sect. Apabhramsa by Palha Kavi It has 10 Kadis, a kind of metre. available in the collection of Grantha Bhandar of Jaisalmer end of the manuscript is as follows --
जिरण दिट्ठइ श्रारणदु चडई, श्रइ रहसु चउग्गुणु ।
जिr faos as हडइ पाउ तर निम्मलु हुइ पुगु ।
जिरण दिट्ठइ सुहु होइ कट्टु पुव्वुक्किउ नासइ ।
जिए दिट्ठइ हुइ रिद्धि दूरि दारिदु गासइ ।
जिरा दिट्ठइ हुइ सुइ धम्ममइ श्रखहहु काइ उइकखहु ।
It was written in The manuscript is The beginning and
पहु नवकरिण मडिउ पासजिरणु अजयमेरि कि न पिवखहु ||
END
वक्खाणियइ त परमतत्त जिरण पणासइ ।
L 255
आराहियइ त वीरनाहु कइ पल्हू पयासइ ||
धम्मु त दयसंजुत जेरण वर गइ पाविज्जइ ।
चाउ न प्रणवडियउ जु वहिणु सलहिज्जइ || जइ ठाउ त उत्तिमु मुरिणवरह वि पवर वसहि हो चउर नर
तिम सुगुरु सिरोमणि सूरिवर खरतर सिरि जिरगदत्त वर ||१०||
ॐ शुभ
इति श्री पट्टावली । सवत् १९७१ वर्षे पत्तनमहानगरे श्री जयसिहदेव विजयराज्ये श्री खरतरगच्छे योगीन्द्रयुगप्रधान वसतिवासिनां श्रीजिनदत्तसूरीणा शिष्येण ब्रह्मचन्द्रगणिना लिखिता । भवतु । श्रीमत्पार्श्वनाथायनमः ।

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3. SĀNTIŅĀHA CARIU -
Säntināha Cariu is the work of Subha Kirti. He refers to himself as Ubhaya BHĀŞA CAKRAVARTI, emperor or scholar of two languages and as such it is presumed that he was the scholar of Samskrit and Apabhraṁsa languages. He planned his work as Mahākävya Cantinäha Cariu deals with the life of Śăntinātha, a Jaina Tirthapkara. The work contains 19 Sandhis. The exact date of its composition is not given in the work but it appears that it was written in the 13th or 14th Century. One manuscript is preserved in the Sastra Bhandar of Nägaur. This manuscript was copied in 1494 A. D. and was got written by Brahma Vira and Brahma Lāla pupil of Bhattāraka Jinacandra.
4. PRĀKRIT CHANDA KOŞA :
This is a beautiful Chanda Koşa which has been found in a Gutaka of the Šāstra Bhandar of Jaina temple Pandyā Lūņakaranji. The total number of the Gāthās is 78. The metres given in the book are as follows :
1. Somakánta 4. Trotaka 7. Kaminimohana 10. Rodaka 13. Vihān 16. Phuta Vansara 19. Soțana 22. Uggāha Doha 25. Kundalıya 28. Rādhaka 31. Padhadi 34. Candrāyani 37. Bhinna Adilla 40 Mahā Mehāni 43. Cudamani 46. Gatha 49. Varsyi 52. Vipula 55. Jaghanya Capalā 58. Upagiti
2. Dodhaka 5. Yatibahula 8. Maipākula 11. Nārāca 14. Gita 17. Dohādodhaka 20. Culika 23. Rasákula 26. . Candrāyana 29. Vastu 32. Caupai 35. Laghucaupai 38. Ghatta 41. Nārāca (Prakarantara) 44. Mālati 47. Vipri 50. Sadri 53. Capala 56. Vigaha 59. Gubini
3. Motiyādāma 6 Bhujangaprapāta
9. Chappaya 12 Dumila 15. Vijay 18. Haṁsadodhaka 21. Upacūliká 24. Skandhaka Dandaka 27 Berāla 30. Duvai 33. Kundalini 36. Adılla 39. Mehāni 42. Ekávali 45. Padmavati 48. Chatrini 51. Pathyā 54. Mukha Capala 57. GICI

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5. PAUMA CARIU TIPPANA:
Paum Cariu written by Svayambhu, is the earliest work of Apabhramsa literature so far discovered. It was composed in the 8th Century A.D. It is a Jaina Rāmāyana which describes the life of Rama according to Jaina mythology. From a literary point of view, Pauma Cariya is considered one of the best and richest work not only in Apabhramsa but also in any Indian language.
A small Samskrit commentary of this work has been discovered in the Grantha Bhandar of Jaina temple Teräpanthi, Jaipur. Though the date of the commentary is not given the manuscript is an old one. It appears that it was composed in about 13th Century. It renders the difficult words of Apabhramsa into Samskrit. The commentary begins as under :
स्वयभुव महावीर प्रणिपत्य जगद्गुरू । रामायणस्य वक्ष्यामि टिप्पण मतिशक्तित ॥
257
गुरु परमेट्ठि बृषभनाथ अथवा गुरवश्च ते पचपरमेष्ठिन. ते प्रर्हतसिद्धाचार्योपाध्याय साधवस्तत्र तिहुयण लग्गणखम इति पाठ । पुरणु पुन संस्कृत प्राकृत व्याकरण छो द्विसधान भारतसूत्रकानंतर श्रारिसु विरतन महामुनिप्रणीतरामायणशास्त्र । परगुरु परमेष्ठि नत्वेति पूर्वनमस्कारादुपरि चतुविशति परमजितान्नमस्कृत्य कावे काव्येन ||१||
6 ĀNANDĀ :
Ananda is a small work which consists 42 stanzas. The main subject of the work is ethics. The stanzas express lofty sense in a few words. They touch the various spheres of life of a man and teach him to remain honest and pious. The date of the work is not given but it seems that it was composed in about 13th. Century.
The manuscript of the work is preserved in Amer Sastra Bhandar Jaipur. Some of the stanzas are as follows:
प्पु गिरजतु परम सिउ अप्पा परमाणदु ।
मूढ कुदेवरण पूजयइ प्रांगदा रे ! गुरु विष्णु भूलउ प्रधु || २ ||
x
X
X
मितfर भरिउ पाउमलु मूढा करहि सरगृहाणु ।
जे मल लाग चितमहि श्राणदा रे ! किम जाय सण्हारिए || ४ ||
X
X
X
केइ केस लुचावहि, केइ सिर जट भारु ।
प्राप्प विदुर जाहिं भारदा । किम पावहि भवमारु ||६||

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Jaina Grantha Bhandars ia Rajasthan.
पाखि मासि भोयणु करहिं परिणउगासुनि रासु । मप्पा ज्झाइण जाणहिं पाणंदा ! तिह णइ जमपुरि वासु ।।११।।
हरिहर वंमुवि सिवणही मरणु बुद्धि लक्खिउण जाई । मध्य सरीर हे सो वसइ मणंदा ! लीजहि गुरुहिं पसाई ॥१८॥
सो प्रप्पा मुणि जीव तुहुँ अपहकरि परिहारू । सहज समाधिहि जाणियई प्राणदा ! जे जिरण सासरिय सारु ॥२२॥
अप्पा संजमु सोल गुण अप्पा सण पाणु । वउ तउ संजम देउ गुरु मारणंदा ! ते पावहि रिणवारण ।।२३।।
सिक्ख सुणइ सद्गुरू भाई परमाणंद सहाउ । परम जोति तसु उल्हसई माणदा ! कीजइ रिणम्मलुभाउ ।।२।।
पढइ पढावइ अणचरइ, सो णरु सिवपुर जाई । कम्महण भवरिण दलरिगण माणदा ! भवियरण हियइ समाई॥३८।
समहम भावे रंगिमा अप्पा देखइ सोई। अप्पउ जाणइ परहणई प्राणदा ! करई णिरालब होई ॥४०॥
7. AN OLD LETTER IN PRĀKRIT .
This is a letter written in Präkrit language. It shows how in the old times, 1:tters used to be written The letter seems to be of that period when Bhojpatra and paper were used for writing as it was mentioned that whether there was no Bhoja leaf so that no letter was sent. This is an important letter which has been found in a Gutaka of Sastra Bhandār of Pandya Lúnakaranji Jaipur. As there are only nine Gathas, all of them are quoted below :
दुसल प्रम्हाण वर मणवरयं तुम्ह गुणलियंतस्स ।
पट्ठाविय नियकुसलं जिम अम्हं होइ संतोसो ॥१॥

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सो दिवसो सा राई सो य पएसो गुणाण प्रावासो ।
सुह गुरु तुह मुहकमलं दोसइ जत्थेव सुहजणण ॥२॥ कि भन्मुज्जो देसो किं वा मसि नत्थि तिहुयणे सयले ।
कि अम्हेहिं न कज ज लेहो न पेसिनो तुम्हे ।।३।। जर भुज्जो होइ मही उयहि मसी लेहिणी य वणराई ।
__ लिहइ सुराहि वणा हो तुम्ह गुणा ण याणंति ॥४॥ जह हसी सरइ सर पड्डल कुचमाइ महुयरो सरइ ।
चदण वरण च नागो तद् अम्ह मण तुम मरइ ॥५॥ जह भद्दवए मासे भमरा समरति अब कुसुमाइ ।
तह भयव मह हियय सुमरइ तुम्हाण मुहकमल ।।६।। जह वच्छ सरइ सुरहि वसतमास च कोइला सरइ ।
विज्झो सरइ गइदं तह अम्ह मणं तुमं सरइ ॥७॥ जह सो नील कलामो पावस कालम्मि पजर छूढो ।
___ समरइ वणे रमिउ तह अम्हं मणं तुमं सरइ ।।८।। जह सरइ सीय रामो रुप्पिरिण करणहो गलो य दमयती।।
गोरी सरइ रूद्द तह अम्ह मणं तुम सरइ ।।६।।
8. SRIPALA CARIU :
Sripäla Cariu was composed by Brahma Danredara. It describes the life of Sripāla who was a great emperor according to the Jaina mythology, in the beginning of the work, the poet mentions the names of the Acaryas who had flourished before him and declares himself as the pupil of Bhattaraka Jina Candra. The work was composed on the request of Sāhu Nakhalů, son of Devarāj. It contains only four Sandhis. The manuscript belongs to the Sastra Bhandar of Jaina temple of Badhi Canda, Jaipur. In the beginning and end of the work, the poet has given a description of his patron. The last puspika of the work is as under :--
इय सिरिपाल महाराय चरिए जय पयड सिद्धचक्क परमानिसयबिसेस गुणरिणयरमरिए बहुरोर घोर दुट्ठयरवाहिपसरणिणणासणो धम्मडं पुरिसत्थायण पयासणो मट्टारय मिरि जिणचद सामि सीस बह्म दामोयर विरइए सिरदेवराज पदण 'साहु रणस्वतु णामकिए सिरिपालराय मुक्खगमण वहि वणणणो णाम चउत्यो सधी परिछेउ समत्तो।

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9. PASA NAHA CARIU (Parsvanatha Carita)
This work was written by Asawala son of Laksmana. It was completed in Samvat 1479 (1422 A.D.) at Karahala village. The poet took one year in completing the work. The work contains 13 Sandhis in which life story of Parśvanātha has been described. A manuscript of this work is preserved in the Grāntha Bhandar of Jaina temple Terapanthi, Jaipur. The beginning and end of the work is as follows:
BEGINNING:
सिवसुह सर सारंगहो सुयमारगहो सारग कहो गुणमरियो । मणमि मुअण सारंगहो खमसारगहो पणविवि पास जिरणहो चरिमो॥ भाविय सिरि मूलसंघचरणु, सिरि बलयारयगण वित्थरणु । पर हरिय-कुमय पोमायरिउ, पायरिय सामि गुणगण भरिउ ।। धरमचदु व पहचंदायरिमो, पायरिय रयण जस पहु धरिमो। धरि पंचमहव्वय कामरणु, रणुकय पंचिदिय संहरणु ।। वर घम्म पयासउ सावयहं, वयधारि मुणीसर भावयह । भवियण मण पोमारणदयरु मुणिपोमरणदि तहो पट्ट वरु । हरि समज ण मविया तुच्छ मरणु, मणहरइ पइट्ठ जिणवर भवरणु । वरभवरण मणि जस पायडिउ, पायडु ण प्रगग मोहगडिउ । रणडिया वय रयणत्तय धरणु धर रयगत्तय गुणवित्थरगु ।
: घत्ता
:
तहो पट्टवरससि रणामें मुहममि मुरिण पय-पक्रयचन्द हो।
कुलु खित्ति पयास मि पहु माहासमि, सघाहिव हो वहो अणिव हो । END :
एकवीरहो रिणवू इ कुच्छराई, सत्तरि सहु चउसय वत्थरोई। पच्छइ सिरि णिव विक्कम गयाई, एउणसीदी सहुँचउदहसयाई । भादव तम एयारस मुरणेहु, वरि सिक्के पूरिउ गथु एहु । पचाहिव वीससयाइ सुत्त, सहसई चयारि मंडरिणहि जुतु । बहलवखरण मूगा सुउ बरिठ्ठ, पाणंद महेसर भाइ जेठ्ठ । जसु पचगुत्त सोहति याइ, हुम करम रयण मह मयरणराई। सो करम उलेविरणु सज्जणाह, माहासइ गुरिणयण गुण मरणाह । जो दुविहलकारइ मुणेइ, जो जिणसासरिण दसणु जणे ।

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जो सम्मत्तायरु गुण अगव्वु, जो प्रायम सत्थइ मुणइं मव्वु । जो जीव दव्व तच्चत्थ मासि, जो सदासद्दहं कुणइ रासि । गुग्णयास भाउ सवगु मेइ, जो वग्गु वाग मूल जि मुणेइ । जो सख असंख अरणत जाणि, जो भव्वाभग्वह कय पमाणि । जो घण घण मूलहं मुणइ भेउ, सो सोहिवि पयडउ गथ एउ । महण मुणइती मज्झत्थ होउ, प्रमुणंतह दोसु म मज्झ देउ ।
घत्ता
जिण समय पहुत्तणु गुणगरण कित्तणु प्रवसवि महि वित्थारइ । हउ तसु पयवदमि अप्पउ गिदमि जो सम्मतुद्धारइ ।।६।। सो गदउ जियु सिरि पासणाहु, उपसग्गविणासणु परमसाहु । रणदउ परमागमु रणदि सघु, गदउ पहुवीसरु परिदुलंघु । रणदउ पउरमणु अहिसभाउ, बुहया सज्जगु अमरिणथ कुमाउ । रणदउ सिरि वाम्ह हो तणउ बंसु, कीलउ णिय कुलिजिमसेरहि हंसु । गांदउ जिण धम्मणि वद्धराउ, लोणायरु सुग्र हरिवह्मताउ । रणदउ दणु सहुँ मा परेहि, घारम्मता उपहसिय मरणेहि । णदउ लहु मायस सह सुएण, परमत्थु जेण बुज्झिउ मणेण । गदउ अवरुवि जिण समय लीरणु, खउ जाउ दुट्ठ मिच्छतु हीण । णंदउ जो पयहइ पास चितु, आतम सारकिउ गुगण विचितु । जा सुरगिरि रवि समि महिप मोहि, ता चउविह .सघहं जणहि बोहि । असुवाल भरण इ मइ कयउ राउ, जिणु केवल लोयणु मज्झ देउ । कि चोज्ज जामु वधरिज हवइ, भो कि सेवय रहो तण देद ।
पत्ता
जाजिण मुह रिणग्गय सग्गा सुभम गिरतइ लोण हो मारी। ज किउ होणाहिउ काइमि साहिउ तमहु खमउ भडारी ।
इय पासणाह चरिए प्रायमसारे सुवग्ग बहु भरिए । बुह असवाल विरइए संघाहिप सोरिणगस्स करणणाहरण सिरिपास गाह रिणवाण गमणो णाम तेरहमो परिच्छेप्रो सम्मतो ॥१३॥

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Jasna Grantha Bhandārs in Rajasthan.
10. SAMBHAVA JINA CARIU :
This is an Apabhramsa work written by Tejapāla. The work describes the life of Sambhavanatha, the third Tirthankara, The work was composed on the request of Srāvaka Thila who was an Agrawal Jaina.
The work is divided into five Adhikäras. In the beginning of the work, full account of his teacher Guna Kirti, his patron and himself is given. The manuscript was discovered in the Sāstra Bhandar of Jaina temple Diwāni, Jaipur. It contains 62 folios. After 'manglacarana the pset gives the description of his teacher in the following lines:
पुग्णु पणवेमि मुणि तवनेय चारु, विर चरिय कम्म दुक्खावहारु । मुणि सहसकित्ति धम्माणुवट्टि, गुण कीत्ति गुणायरु ताह पट्टि ।। तहो सीसु सेय लछी रिणवासु, जसकित्ति जिणायम पह-पयाम् । तहो पट्टि महामुणि मलयकित्ति, उद्धरिय जेरण चारित्त विनि ।। तहो सीसू णमसमि यसिरेण, परमपप्पउ साइउ पवर जेण । दो पढम झारण दूरीकएण, तो झारणहि णियमणु दिरण णु जेरण ।। गुरगमद्द, महामइ महमुखीमु, जिण सव्वहो मडणु पचमीम् ।
जो केवि भव्व कंदोट्ट चद, परणवेप्पिर तह अवर वि मुनिद ।। 11. PINGAL CATORSITI ROPAKA .--
This is also a work on Prakrit metres and has been discovered in a gutuhá of Pandya Lünkaranjı. The name of the author is not given in the work but it appears that it was composed when Prikrit and Apabhramsa were popular. It describes or defines 84 metres, the names of which are as follows :
(1) Sada 12) Dandika (3). Gahini (4) Gaha (5) Viggāhā (6) Sinhani (7) Uggaha (8) Khandhana (9) Vatthuvā (10) Doha
(11) Gandhana (12) Dacchitha (13. Roda (14) Lila (15) Rangikka (16) Vrijumālā (17) Caupaiya (18) Pahumavati (19) Rivamala (20) Ghatta
(21) Gitika (22) Dilla (23) Paddhadi (24) Adialla (25) Madilla (26) Vathu (27) Vahratthu (28) Jhamilla (29) Gayanandu (30) Payangam

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(31) Tinna (32) Naraya (33) Duvai (34) Pavani (35) Vallaggiya (36) Canvar (37) Samani (38) Dhariya (39) Khanja (40) Tunga (41) Sikkha (42. Totaka (43) Bhujangaprayāta (44) Lila (45) Lagganiya (46) Jamakkānā 147) Phari (48) Morakka
(49) Candana (50) Cūliyā (51) Carana (52) Kamala (531 DIpakka (54) Mottidama (55) Saranga (56) Bandha (57) Vijjoha (58) Narahanch (59) Panca (60) Sammoha (61) Caurana (62) Hansa (63) Manghānā (64) Khanda (65) Khanja (66) Harsankhana
(67) Paikka (68) Panka (69) Vani (70) Salida (71) Rasa (72) Tani (73) Candamala (74) Cakka (75) Hårakki (76) Dhua (77) Takka (78) Khanda (79) Khandlaya (80) Kambalaya (81) Dhavlanga (82) Vimbă (83) Dambaliya. (84) -
Apart from these metres, the poet gives also examples of sub-divisions of the metres He also mentions the name of the poet Ralha, the maker of Upcūliu Chanda :--
दोहा छदुवि पढम पदि दह दह कल सजुत्त सुप्रठ सविमत्त दइ । उपचूलिउ बुहियण सुणहु गुरू गण मुण सजुत्त जपेद्द रल्ह कवि ।।
the beginning and end of the poem is as follows
जा विज्जा चउराणणेण सरिसा जा चउमुए सभुणा ।
जा विज्जाहर-जस्व-किन्नर-गरणा जा सूर इदाइया । जा सिद्वाण सुरा गराण कइणा जा धूवय निच्चय ।
सा प्रम्हाण सुहाण विमला वाणी सिरी मारया। जो विविह सत्थ सायर परयंतो सविमलजल हेय ।
पढणमास तरंगो नाएसो पिंगलो जयउ।

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End -
तोसधुवमत्तय एरसजुत्तय पडियलोय चवंति गरा।
विस्सामयरिट्ठिय एरसदिट्ठिय पायण सिट्टिय तिरिणाघरा दासप्पढ-मंचिय अट्टतहचिय चउदह तिणिणवि कियरिणलय
जो एरिस छंदय सेस फरिणदय सो जागे मुच्च डलिय ।। इति डबलियाछद समाप्तः । इति पिंगलस्य चतुरशीतिरूपकाः समाप्ताः ।
12. NEMINAHA CARIU :
The Ņemiņāha Cariu was composed by Damodara. It was completed before Pandit Kamal Bhadra and on the request of Rāma Candra.
इह मिणाहचरिए महामुणि कम्बलमद्दपच्चक्खे महाकइ करिण? दामोदर विरइए पडिय रामयंद पाएसिए मल्हसु अनग्गएउ मायाणिणए जम्मुप्पत्ति नामा पढमो सधि परिच्छेप्रो सम्मत्तो।
It describes the life of Lord Nemınătha. An incomplete manuscript of this work is preserved in the Sāstra Bhandār of Pāțodi Jain temple Jaipur. It contains three sandhıs. The first Sandhi deals with the birth of Neminatha, the second deals with the war between Jarasandh and Lord Krişna and in the third Sandhi, the description of Neminatha's marriage is given. There may be four to five sandhis in the work. The first two folios are missing
13. YOGASĀRA :
Yogasāra was written by Bhatýāraka Śruta Kirti. His other three works are Dharma Parikśã, Harivansa Purāna and Parmeşti Prakåsasăra, Yogasára is the fourth work of the poet, which has been discovered in the Sastra Bhandar of Terapanthi Jaina temple, Jaipur. It is divided in two sandhıs The last page of the manuscript has been eaten by ants so the portion in which the date of completion is given, could not be known. From Yogasara the following information about the poet is available.
That he was the pupil of Tribhuvan Kirti pupil of Devendra Kirti.
That it was completed in Jerhat City in the temple of Neminätha. The works ends as follows
इय जोगध्यानानुसारे चिरसग्पित्तियारण प्रणसारे बहजोयस्स विसेसो पढमारंभेणसंकरूई सो कयसुदकित्तिसउरगणे भविया प्रायणिचित्तसंतोसो बुहयणु गरपयभत्तो णाम विदीऊ परिछेऊ सम्मत्तो ॥ संधि २॥
-page 67 of the manuscript

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14. Vidhawa Sila Samraksanopaya:
There are only ten gåthås in the work in which means for safeguarding the chastity of the widows have been mentioned. This is a book on social custom which throws some light on the society of the period and position of the widows in the society. As the number of the Gathas is only ten, all of them are quoted. From the language of the work it appears that the work was composed in the 15th or 16th Century at the latest :
पुरिसेण सह सहास समास वत्तकारण मेगते ।
एगद्राणे सयणासणाइ पइरिक्कठाण च ॥१॥
पुरिसस्सवालविवरण प्रगोहलिण्हाण मलणमध्भगो ।
दिठ्ठीइ दिट्ठिबंधो विलेवरण चलण धुवरण च ।। २ ।। तबोल कुसुम कु कम कप्परं सुरहि तिल्ल कत्यूरी ।
केस सरीर नियसण वासणमेलाइ सिरिखंड ।। ३ ।। नहदत प्रलय सीमत केस रोमाग तह य परिकम्म ।
अच्चतमुच्चधम्मिल्लबधरण वेणिबध च ॥ ४ ॥ नाहि नियंब-उरत्थल-पयासण पुरिस-सेव-करण च ।
नर-मुर-तिरिए दट्ठः कामकहे पुव्व रव सरण ।। ५ ।। सव्वचिय प्राभरणं अलत्तय प्रजण प्ररणुवरितं ।
हिंडोलय खट्टाई-सयण तह कलिगएउ ॥ ६ ॥ कोमंभ पट्टउल तिलवासाईणि अच्छवत्थाणि ।
इगमत्ती जुयलस्स उ परिहण उम्मडो वेमो ।। ७ ।। खीरं कामुद्दीवण-वंजरणमाहारमहियमहण च ।
जण समवाए कोउग-पलोयरण धम्मठारण बहि ।. ८ ॥ पर गिहगमणं एगागिणीइरिणसि बाहिरम्मि गिरस्सरणं ।
चमचम-रत-उलगाणं तलियाणं तह परिमोगं ॥ ६ ॥ सिंगारत्वं दप्पण-पलोयण मिदियाइ नह रागो ।
एमाइ विहव महिलारण विवज्जए मीलरक्खट्र।।१०।।

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15. SANDES A RĀSA TIPPAŅA :
Sandeśa Rása is a famous work of Asabhramsa literature written by Abdul Rahmān, the only Muslim writer of Apabhraíśa. It is a work of 14th Century and was composed on the lines of Meghaduta of Kālıdāsa. A Samskrit Tippaņa (commentary) has been discovered in the Sāstra Bhandar of Terapanthi Jaina temple, Jaipur. This is one of the best Samskrit commentaries so far found in the inanuscript libraries of India. It clears all the doubts and gives an easy sense of the Apabhrarsa words The total number of the gāthās is 220 The manuscript is incomplete as the first three pages are missing. It was written in the year 1551 A. D.
16 PĀRSVA PURĀNA:--
This is an Apabhramsa work written by poet Radhu ( 15 th Century ). It describes the life of pārsvanātha written on the request of khema Sidhu. The Purāna is divided into 7 Sandhis, One manuscript copy of the year 1686 A. D. has been discovered in the Grantha Bhandar of Bolsīri temple Kotah.
इय सिरग्पिामरणाहपुराणे प्रायमपत्थस्स अस्थिसुरिग हारणे मिरि पडिय रयघू विरइए सिरि महामव्व खेत्रसाहणामकिए मिरि पासणाह रिणवारणकल्लाणवण्णणो णाम मप्तमो सधी परिछेऊ समत्तो । ७ । सधि । इति श्री पार्श्वनाथपुराण समाप्त । सवत् १७४३ वर्षे माघकृष्णचन्द्रवारे लिखित महानद पुष्कर मल्लात्मज पालवनिवासो ।
17. JAMBU SWAMI CARIU :-
(Samskrit commentary)
This is a Samskrit commentry on the famous Apabhramsa work Jambu Swami Cariu' of mahakavi Vira. It has been discovered in the Sāstra Bhandar of Jaisa temple Teră panthi, Jaipur. The manuscript was copied in Samvat 1565 ( 1508 A.D.) It is a good commentary which clears some difficult words. The commentary on the first Sandhi is written in detail in comparison to tbe other sandhis. It covers one third portion of the manuscript. From the commentary it appears that in the 13 th and the 14 th centuries, the Samskrit was used as medium for understanding the difficult words of Apabhramsa even.

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SAMSKRIT WORKS
| MEGHABHYUDAYA:
It is a short poem on Meghadata of Kalidasa. The whole poem is finished in 38 sařskrit stanzas. The manuscript is in the collection of Granth Bhandar of Jaisalmer. The first stanza of Meghaduta has been written as under -
काचित् काले प्रमुदितनदनीलकण्ठंर्घनागे,
व्योमाटव्यां प्रतिदिशमल सञ्चरन् मेघनागे । बद्धारम्भ वदति वनिता स्म प्रवासाय कान्त,
कामश्चाप वहति हितदा विस्फरच्छायकान्तम् ॥ १ ॥
The end of the work is as follows -
विद्युल्लता लसति काञ्चनसन्निभार,
धाम्नो वहन्ति धनवन्ति नमानिमारम् । उच्च रसत्यविरत जलदोऽस्तवारि
रस्मिन् प्रयातु समये प्रिय यस्तवारि ॥ ३८॥ इति मेघाभ्युदयकाव्य समाप्तमिति ॥ छ ।
2 JITASĀRA SAMUCCAYA -
This is also a new work which has been found in the Grantha Bhandar of Ajmer. Jitasära Samuccaya was composed by VRIŞABH NANDI. According to Sri Jugalkishore Mukhtār, the scholar flourshed earlier than the 9th century. There are 700 ślokas in it. Though in the original work the number of slokas are slated to be 600. This shows that some verses were interpolated by some copyists.
The subject matter of the work deals with punishments, which are to be inflicted when the Jaina principles are violated.
3. NYAYA VARTIKA TIPPANA .
This is a commentary on Nyāya Värika written by Bhårdvaj in Samskrit. This is a non Jain-work. The manuscript exists in the Grantha Bhandar of Jaisalmer. It belongs to Samvat 1279 ie. 1222 A. D. The end of the manuscript is as follows:

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यो ऽ क्षपादर्षि न्यायः प्रत्यभाद् वदतांवरम् । तस्य वात्स्यायन इदं भाष्यजातमवर्सयत ।।१।।
जतीनां सप्रपञ्चानां निग्रहस्थानलक्षणम् । शास्त्रस्य चोपसंहारः पञ्चमे परिकोतित: ॥२॥
यदक्षपादप्रतिमो भाष्य वात्स्यायनो जगौ । प्रकारि महतस्तस्य भारद्वाजेन वात्तिकम् ॥ ३ ॥
इति पञ्चमोध्यायः समाप्त : ॥छ । न्यायावात्तिक समाप्तमिति ॥ छ ।।
सवत् १२७६ वर्षे फागुन सुदि ६ बुधे प्रल्हादनपुरस्थितेन ठ. विल्हणेन न्यायवार्तिकपुस्तकं समाप्तमिति ॥ श्रीमज्जिनपतिमूरिशिष्य श्रीजिनेश्वरसूरीगणा उपदेशेन ॥
4. ADHYATMA RAHASYA :
Adhyatma Rahasya written by Pandit Āsādhar of the 13th Century was unknown to the scholars till about ten years ago but it has been discovered now in Jaina Šāstra Bhandār of Ajmer. This work was composed by the order of his father. This is on the subject of Adhyātma (spiritualism). The name of Adhyātma Rahasya mentioned by the poet in his ANAGARA DHAMAMRITA (1243A.D.) as such it appears that it was composed befor 1243 A. D. The total numder of verses is 73. The beginning and the end of the manuscript is as follows :
Beginning
भव्येभ्यो मजमानेभ्यो यो ददाति निजं पदम । तस्मै श्रीवीरनाथाय नमः श्रीगौनमाय च ।।१।।
End
शश्वच्चेतयते यदुत्सवमय ध्यायन्ति यद्योगिनो येन प्राणिति विश्वमिन्द्रनिकरा यस्मै नमः कुर्वते । वैचित्रीयगतो यतोऽस्ति पदवी यस्यान्तरः प्रत्ययो मुक्तिर्यत्र लयस्तदस्तु मनसि स्फूर्जत्परं ब्रह्म मे ।। ७३ ।।

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5 COMMENTARY ON BHOPĀLA CATURVINSANTI STOTRA :
Bhūpål Caturvinsanti stotra is a work in Samskrit by Bhúpal poet. It is a prayer in praise of twenty four Tirthankaras. Asadhar, a famous samskrit writer of 13th Century wrote a commentary on this stotra. But the copy of the Commentary written by him was not available before some time back. Now it has been discovered in the Såstra Bhandār of Jaina tenple, Pāțodi. This is a rare manuscript as upto this time only one manuscript has been discovered. The commentary was made by the scholar for his pupil Vinay Candra. This is a good commentary on the work. The commentary of the 2nd stanza is as follows -
शान्त वपुः श्रवणहारि वचश्चरित्रं,
सर्वोपकारि तव देव ततः श्रुतज्ञाः । ससारमारवमहास्थलरुन्द्रसान्द्र
च्छायामहीरुह भवन्तमुपाश्रयन्ते ।। २ ।।
शान्त निर्विकारं सौम्यमित्यर्थ । वपु शरीर तवास्तीति सबन्ध । श्रवणहारि श्रोत्रप्रिय वचो वाक्य तवास्ति । चरित्र चरण विहरणक्रिया सामाधिकादि चारित्र वा सर्वेषा प्राणिनामुपकारि उपकारकम् । भगवति हि विहरति सुभिक्षारोग्यादिना सर्वे जन्तव स्वस्था भवन्ति । प्राण्युपघातश्च न स्यात्तथातदुपदिष्टधर्मानुष्ठानानिराबाधा भवन्ति । यतः एव । हे देव इन्द्रादिभिर्दीव्यते स्तूयते इति देव । ततस्तस्माद्वपु शान्तत्वादिति हेतो. । थ तज्ञा भागमविदः। ससार एव मारव मरुदेशप्रमव महास्थल प्राणिना सन्ततसन्तापहेतुत्वात्तत्र रु द्रो महान् सान्द्रो घनः छाययोपलक्षितो महीही वृक्षः । यस्य सूर्ये चलत्यपि गस्य छाया निश्चला भवति स छायातरुरिति लोके प्रसिद्धः स तथाभूतो जिन ग्रामन्यते । भवन्त त्वा श्रयन्ते अन्तिरादव्यावत्य समन्तात्सेवन्ते ।। २ ।।
6. Commentary on KIRĀTĀRJUNIYA -
This is a Samskrit commentary on KIRATARJUNIYA by Prakasa Varsa. This commentary has been newly discovered in Amer Såstra Bhandar, Jaipur. One manuscript of this is available also in the collection of Jaisalmer Bbandar. The commentary has not been published so far.
Published by Sanmati Kutir Candabadı Bombay.

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7. SRAVAKA DHARMA PRAKARANA :
frāvaka Dharma Prakarana was composed by Jinesvar Süri in Sanskrit in the year 1256 A. D. It describes the duties of a Jaina layman. The work is written in artificial language. The total number of stanzas is 245. The manuscript of the work is preserved in the Grantha Bhandar of Jaisalmer.
8. UTTARA PURĀNA TIPPANA :
Uttarapurăņa is a famous work written in Samskrt by Ācārya Guņa Bhadra in the 9th Century. It is very popular among the Jainas and is widely read. A Samskrit commentary written on this Purana has been discovered in the Sastra Bhandar of Jaina temple Terapanthi Jaipur. The name of the commentary written is not known but as the manuscript is of Samwat 1569, the commentary seems to have been written earlier than this. No commentary of this Purāņa has been found so for. This commentary is rare one. The beginning of the commentary is as under :
विनेयानां भव्यानां । प्रवाग्भागे दक्षिण भागे । ५ प्रणायिनः सत । वृणुतेस्म भजतिस्म ।। ६ शक्ति सिद्धि भयोपेन । प्रभूत्साहमंत्रणक्तयस्तिस्रः ।
प्रभुशक्तित्रभवेदाद्या मत्रशक्तिद्वितीयकाः तृतीयोत्साहशक्तिश्चेत्याहू शक्तित्रय बुधाः ।।
9. PARSVANATHA CARITRA :
One manuscript of this work has been discovered in the śāstra Bhandar of Dablānā (Bundi ). It is in Samskrit prose. The name of the author has not been mentioned in the work. The manuscript was copied in the year 1563 A. D. by Pandit Saubhagya Kirti. (1)
The work beals with the life of Lord Pārsśvanåtha. The language of the work is simple. The work is cmpleted in 27 folios. One quotation from the work is as follows:
मयुरापूर्या धनसारो धनाढ्यः । स पष्टिकोटि बनी। द्वाशित कोटिमोमिमध्ये द्वाविंशतिकोटि व्यवसायमध्ये द्वाविंशतिकोटि गृहग्याजे संसि... .. . ।
(१) संवत् १६२० ज्येष्ठमासे शुक्लपक्षे ५ तिषी पं० सौभाग्यकीतिना लिखितं ।

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10. SULOCANA CARITRA:
Sulocană Caritra was written by Vädi Candra, pupil of Prabha Candra. It is in Samskrit poetry. It describes the life of Sulocană Sati who was famous for her good character. The work is divided into dine paricchedas. One manuscript of this work has been discovered in the Grantha Bhandār of Dablāna ( Būndi ). The manuscript contains the date of 1708 A. D. It was copied by Lal Candra, pupil of Brahma Kripă Rāma.
11. CARPATA SATAKA :
This is in Sanskrit composed by some unknown scholar There are hundred Padyas in the work in which several kinds of teachings have been imparted. This has been found in the Grantha Bhandår of Pandya Lúnkaranji. This is a rare work which has not been found so far in any of the Bhandārs in Rajasthan. The manuscript is dated samvat 1873 1816 A. D). The beginning and end of the work is as tollows:
श्रीसर्वज्ञं नत्वा देव, सकलसूरामरविरचितसेव । वक्ष्ये किचित्तदनुचरोऽहं, मु चति येन विवेकी मोहं ।। १ ।। वजितदुष्टसहायमहोमि , परिहरभाषाकायमनोभिः । पविधजीवनिकार्यावनाश, मसृतिचारकबन्धनपाश ॥२॥
कोऽह कम्त्व कथमायातः, का मे जननी को मे तात. । इति परिभावयतः ससारः, सर्वोयं खलु स्वप्नविहारः ।। ६६ ।। वर्गोच्चारणकरणविहीनं, यदिदं गुरु-सकेते लीनं । स्वयमुन्मीलति यस्य ज्ञान, पुनरपि तस्य न गर्माधान ।। १०० ।।
12. RAIAVANSA VARNANA:--
This is a work written in Saṁ krit and deals with the various dynasties of India. It contains 9 leaves but the 1st leave is missing. The date of writing the manuscript is not given. The manuscript belongs to the Sāstra Bhandar of Jaina Terapanthi Mandir, Jaipur.
In the beginning, the author gives a passing reference to important dynasties of India and then he begins with Pandava dynasty in the following way :

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तत्रादी शक्रपथायां, इद्रराज्य करिष्यति ।
कलिकाले "इंद्रप्रस्थः' इति नाम भविष्यति । पुनश्च पांडवभूपालाः राज्यं कृत्वा कली युगे,
वर्ष त्रय सहस्त्रश्च, भवतीह न संशय ॥ २ ॥
This description completes in 76 Padyas, After giving a short reference to Rāma Vansa Rajya, the poet begings with Pamāra dynasty in this way :
कृतयुगे बलिर्दाता, त्रेतायां रघुनन्दन. ।
द्वापरे कर्णविख्यातः कलिकाले च विक्रमः ॥१॥ दातासूरदयालुश्च, परदुःखश्चमंजकः ।
दिल्लीशविक्रमादित्यः उज्जणी राज्यनायकः ।। २ ।।
This finishes in 92 verses. Afterwards he describes about Tunvar dynasty in which there were 19 Kings. For the Cauhan dynasty, the author takes 25 verses. After The downfall of Cauhānas, Pattan dynasty begins. The poet gives ao exact date which is as follows:
विक्रमात सप्तद्विद्वक :१२२७ वर्षे च प्रवरे वरे । चैत्रकृष्ण त्रयोदश्या, म्लेच्छराज्य च जायते ॥ १॥
In Samvat 1393 ( 1336 A. D ) Kutabuddin established his kingdom .
विक्रमात् त्रिनवत्रयोदय :१३६३: राज्यस्थापितः म्लेच्छनायकः ।
प्रादौ कुतबुद्दीनाख्य, वेद-वर्ष-विमामक. । किरदिना रूद्र घटिका, योगिनीपुरराज्यकृत् ।। २६ ।।
After describing Lodi dynasty, the author states that the rule of Chatta (Moghul) dynasty begins from Sarnvat 1553 (1496A.D) and Taimurlang was the first and Babara was the second one. It completes with the description of Aurangzeb who ruled over India for 49 years 9 months and 27 Gharies. There are some verses after the description of Aurangzeb, but it seems that they were written later on by another man. The author gives four names for Delhi i. e. INDRAPRASTHAPUR. YOGINIPUR, DHILLI and lastly DELHI.

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HINDI & RĀJASTHANI WORKS
1. JINADATTA CARITA :
Jinadatta Carita or Jinadatta Katha was composed by the poet Rajarsingh in the year 1297 A. D. The work has been discovered in a gutaka of Jaina temple, Pātodī, Jaipur. It describes the life of a Jaina Śravaka Jinadatta who was the son of a richman. Once he went to Ceylon for business and there he married the daughter of the King It contains 553 stanzas.
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The poet was Jaisawal by caste. His father's name was Ate and mother's name was Sirya. The language of the work is influenced by Rajasthani and Apabhramsa. The main metre of the work is Caupai but metres like Doha and Vastu Bandha have also been used. It is perhaps the first big work of old Hindi in which the date of composition is given. It is full of poetic beauty and presents a picture of the social and economical condition of that time. The poet gives his family account and date of completion of work in the following lines :
जइसवाल कुलि उत्तम जाति, वाईसइ पाडल उतपाति ।
पचलीया श्राकउ पूतु, कवइ रल्हु जिरणदत्त चरित ।। २६ ।। माता पाइ नमउ ज जोगु देखि लियउ जेहि मत लोगु ।
उवरि मास दस रहिउ घराइ, धम्मु बुधि हुई सिरीया माइ ।। २७ ।। पुपुर परणव माता पाइ, जेह हउ पालिउ करुणा भाइ
म उवयार हुइसउ उरग्गु, हा हा माइ मज्भु जिरा सर ।। २८ ।। संवत् तेरहसें चउवणे, मादवसुदि पचम गुरु दिण्णे ।
स्वाति नखत्त चदु तुली हती, कवइ रल्ह परणवइ सरसुनी ।। २६ ।
The last portion of the work in which the poet requests his readers not to defame the work, is as follows:---
जो जिद की निंदा करह, सुनत चउपही जलि जलि मरउ । जो यह कथा घालिहइ रालि, तहु मिछत्ती दइ यहु गालि ।। ५४६ || मह जोयउ जिरगदत पुरा, लाखू विरयउ प्रइस पमाणु । देखि विसरू रयउ फुड एहू, हत्थालवणु वृहयरण देहु ||५५०|| जो जिरगदस कउ सुराइ पुराष्णु, तिसको होइ ला रिपव्वार । अजर अमर पर लहइ निरुत, चवह रल्ह भ्रमई कउ पूत ।।५५१ ।।

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गय सत्तावन छयसय माहि, पुन्नयन को छापइ छाह । तक्कु पुराणु सुणिउ नउ सत्थ, भरणइ रल्हु हउ रण मुणउ प्रत्थु ।।५५२। जिणदत्त पूरी भई चउपही, छप्पन होणवि छहसय कही । सहसु मलोक विन्न सय रहिय गथ पमाणु राइसिहु कहिय ॥५५३।।
सवत् १७५२ वर्षे कात्तिग शुदि ५ शुक्रवासरे लिखतं महानंद पालंव पुष्करमलात्मज ॥
2. CAUBISIGITA :
Caubisi Gita was composed by Delha in the year 1324 A. D. It contains 26 verses of which 24 verses are written in the praise of twenty four Títhankaras and the remaining two describe the poet and when it was composed. The language of the work is an old Hindi, prevalent at that time. From the linguistic point of vicw the work presents a good material for research.
Delha, the writer of this poem was born in Parwar caste at Tihdha City The work has been discovered in the Giantha Bhandār of Badā Jainu temple, Jaipur. It exists in a gutakā which was written in 1433 A. D In the first stanza, the poet describes the circumstances under which the work was written .--
प्रादि रिसहु पणवेपिणु, अन्त वोरु जिणणाहु ।
अरहु सिद्ध प्राचार्य, अरु उज्झापति साहु ।। गणहर देउ नएपिरणु, सारद करइ पसाउ ।
हउ चउवीसी गाउं, करि तिसुद्ध समभाउ । सा तन सहजानन्दणु, बोलइ वच्छ निरूत्त ।
___ कम्मक्खय कारण णिमित्त, देल्ह तुम्हि रचहु कवित्त । दुममु कालु पंचमऊं, धम्म को दिन दिन हाणी ।
बोधि करहु फलु लेहु, कहहू चउबीस बखाणी ।। गौरउ पमणइ रिणसुरिण, गाह हउ दासि तुम्हारी ।
जिण चउबीस कथतरु, सो मुहि कहहु विचारी।।
Items of Description :
वापू माय तित्थकरूजनम् नया भर पाउ । जक्खु जविखरणी लछरा भर जिहिं जेतउ काउ ।।

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Last portion of the work in which the date of completion and the poet's family account is given runs as under:
कहउँ जाणि कुलु प्रापणउं परवाङ भणाउं ।
धम्मे साहुहि पणतिउ प्राजिहि पैतु नाउं ।। उदैसाहि दिउ भोया ए तोनिउ लघु भाई।
टिहिडा गयरि वसन्त देल्ह चउबीसी गाई ।। हउ तु म्ह गोरउ पुछिउ बुद्ध कहा महपाइ ।
तेरहसइ इकहत्तरे सवच्छरु होइ ॥ मासु बसन्तु प्रतीतउ अलखइ तिज दिन होइ ।
गुरुवासरु पणिज्जइ रोहिणि रिसु गुणेहु ।। ब्रह्मा जोग पसिद्धउ जोइमु एम कहेइ ।
पढइ पढाबड रिणसुरणाइ लिहि लिहा जो देई
भब समुदु मो उत्तरइ मोक्ग्वपुरह सो जाइ ।।
3 PRADYUMNA CARITA'.
Pradyumna Carita was composed by the poet Sadhāru in the year 1354 A.D. It is a work on the life of Pradyumna, the son of Sri Krişna and one of the great personalitics in the Jaina Mythology. The work contains 701 stanzas in various metres, specially in caupai. The language of the work is Brijabhash, and probably it is the
first work in Brijabhāṣā. It is a very good work and possesses literary merits. The method of description is very simple and easily understandable. It was composed in the Arracha town which is on Kanpur-Jhansı line. Two manuscripts of this work have been discovered in the Jain Sastra Bhandar of Jaina temple Badhicanda, Jaipur, & Jaina Sastra Bhandar of Kama. The first manuscript was written in 1548 A. D. and the other in the 17th Century. The main Rasa of the work is 'Vira' because one third of the stanzas are related to Vira Rasa. The work may be divided into six sargas, and there is description of war in every Chapter. Apart from other things, the work is very much important from linguistic point of view. The beginning and end of the work is as follows:
सारद विगु मति कवितु न होइ, सरु पाखरु गवि बूझइ कोइ । सो सधार पणमइ सरसुति, तिन्हि कहु बुधि होट कतहुती ।। १ ।।
1. Published by S. D. Jain Atiśaya Kśetra Sri Manāvīrji in 1960.

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सबु को सारद सारद करइ, तिस कउ अ त न कोउ लहइ ।
जिवर मुखह जुणिगाय वारिण, सो सारद परणवहु परियार ।। २ ।।
भ्रठ दल कमल सरोवरु वासु, कासमीरपुर लियो निकासु ।
हस चढी कर लेखरिण देइ, कवि सधार सरसइ भइ ।। ३ ।।
सेत वस्त्र पदमवतीरण, करहं मलावरिण वाजहि वीए ।
भागम जारि देहु बहुमती, पुग्गु दुइ जे परणवइ सरसुती ॥ ४ ॥
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+
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सरस कथा रसु उपजइ घरगउ, निसुरगह चरितु पजूसह तरणउ । सवतु चौदह हुई गए, ऊपर अधिक ग्यारह भए || मादव दिन पचइ सो सारु, स्वाति नक्षत्र सनीश्चर वारु ।। ११ ।
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मइसामी कउ कीयउ बखाण, तुम पजुन पायउ निरवाण । अगरवाल की मेरी जात, पुर मगरोए मुहि उतपाति ।। ६६४ ।। सुधरतु जरगरणी गुणवइ उर घरिउ, सा महाराज घरह अवतरिउ । एरछ नगर वसंते जानि, सुगिउ चरित मइ रचिउ पुरा ।। ६६५ ।। सावयलोग वसहि पुर मांहि, दह लक्षरण ते धर्म्म कराइ ।
दस रिस मानइ दुतिया मेउ, भावइ चितहं जिसरु देउ || ६६६ ।। एहु चरितु जो वांचह कोइ सो नर स्वर्ग देवता होइ ।
हलुवइ धर्म्म खपइ सो देव, मुकति वरगरिण मांगइ एम्म ।। ६६७ ।। जो कुणि सुराह मनह घरिभाउ, प्रसुभ कर्म ते दूरिहि जाइ ।
भौर बखाइ मासु कवर, तहि कहु तुसइ देव परदवतु ।। ६६८ ।। to लिखि जो लिखियावर साधु, सो सुर होइ महागुणराधु ।
जोर पहावद्द गुरण किउ निलउ, सो नर पावइ कंचन मलउ ।। ६६६ यहु चरितु पुन महारु, जो वरु पढइ सु नर महसारु ।
तहि परिक्ष्मण तुही फलदेइ, सपति पुत्र भवरु जसु होइ ।। ७०० ।। हर बुषिहरण न जाणो केम्बे, प्रक्षर मातह गुरणउ न भेउ ।
पंडित जगह नम कर जोडि, हीरा अधिक जरग लावहु खोडी ।। ७०१ ॥ ॥ इति परिदमरण चरित समाप्तः ।।

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4. BARAKHARI DOHA :
This was composed by Mahăcand, the pupil of Viracanda. The time of the work is not given by the poet, but it appears that it was composed not later then the 16th Century. as one copy of the manuscript preserved in Amer Sastra Bhandar is of 1534 A. D. It is a spiritual work and deals with Atma, Parmatma and the World. The total number of Dohas is 333. Some of the Dohās are as follows :
सो दोहो अप्पारणयह, दोहा जोण मुणेइ । मुणि महयदिण भासियउ, सुरिण विण चित धरेइ ।। ६ ॥
कायहो सारउ एउ जिय, पंच महारगुवयाई ।। अलिउ कलेवर मारुतह, जेहिण धरियइ ताई ॥८॥
खरिण खरिण खिज्जइ भाव तसु, रिणयडइ होइ कयतु : तहिवण थक्कइ मोहियऊ, मे मे जीउ भरणतु ।।१६।।
ते किं देखें कि गुरेगण, धम्मेण य कि तेण । अप्पह चित्तह रिणम्मलऊ, पच्चउ होइ ण जेण ॥ १५७।। मे परियणु मे धणगु धणु, मे सुप्र मे दाराइ ।। इउ चितंतह जीव तुह, गय भव कोजि सयाइ ॥२६५।।
5 SIKHA MANI RASA :
The Rasa was composed by Bhattaraka Sakalkirti ( 15th Century ). The poet imparts some teachings to his readers for remaining pure at heart and kind towards all human beings :
जीव दया दृढ पालीइए, मन कोमल कीजि । प्राप सरीखा जीव सबै, मन मांहि धरीजह।
The poet also requests that one should not disturb others while perfoming religious duties :

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धर्म करता न वारीइए, नवि परिनदीजि ।
परगुण ढाकी आप तणा, गुण नवि बोलोजह ।।
In the end of the work the poet mentions his name only:
वैराग रे पालीइ सार, राग टालु सकलकोति कहिए । जे मरिण ए रास ज सार- सीखा मरिण पढते लहिए ।।
(इति सीखोमणिरास समाप्त )
6. ĀDINĀTHA STAVAN :
The stavan was composed by 'Mehau' in the year 1442 A. D. The Ādinátha Stavan is a historical work written in praise of Lard Ādinātha of Ranakpur or Rānāpur temple. The temple is situated in Pal district of Rajasthān and six
miles of Sadadi. The temple was constructed in the year 1439 A D. I The poet describes the art of temple minutely.
छउमुख शिखर त्रिभूमई बार, मूलनायक जिरण करू' जुहार । त्रिहु भूमी त्रिभुवन दीपतु, त्रिभुवन दीपक नाम धरन्तु ॥ ४६ ।। दड कलस सोवन मई सोहइ, जोत तिहुपण मन मोहइ । तेज पुंज झलहलइ अपार, जागो तिहुप्रण लाछि भडार ।।४१।।
In the end of the Stavan, the poet mentions his name, and give the dite of the work
सवत चउदनवारणवइ : १४६६ : ए धुरि काती मासे । मेहउ कहइ मई स्तवन की मनि रगि लासे ।। ४८ ।। इति श्री राणपुरम डरण श्री आदिनाथ स्तवन सपूर्ण ।।
7. TIRATHA MALA STAVAN.---
This is a description of most of the holy places called Tirthas. The Tirtha mala is a Hindi work writtan by mehau who wrote Adinātha Stavan (1442 A. D.:. The date of completion of the work is not given but it appears that it was also composed near about 1442 A. D The manuscript was copied in the year 1472 A D. There are 89 stanzas on Ābu, Sirohi, Jälaur, Viśälpur, Kumbhãnā, Råņāpur (Ranakpur), Campå, Mathură, and Raj Grihi. The manuscript is incomplete as the first thirty one
1. History of the Jodhpur State part I p. 66.

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stanzas are not there. It is preserved in the Grantha Bhandar of Khandelwal Jaina Mandir, Udaipur. The last two verses of the work are as follows:
बला गिरो पीमा घाट, पुण्य तणी वहती कोषी वाट ।
मेहउ कहिउ मुगति नउ ठाम, सदा लिउ तीथकर नाम ।। ८८ ॥ तीरथ अजी घणां छइ भला, मइ कहिना दीठा ते तला।
तीरथमाल भरणउ सभलउ, जाइ पाप घट हुइ निरमलउ ।। ८६ ।। इति तोरथमाला स्तवनं समाप्तं ।। संवत् १५२६ वर्षे माह वदि ६ दिने शुक्रवारे लिखितं ।
8. RAYA HAMMTRADE CAUPAL:
This is a historical work written by the poet Bhadau. It was composed in the year 1481 A. D. It describes the life story of Rāja Hammira and the famous battle fought between him and the Emperor Allauddin. It is a Rājasthāni work which describes every event in a very lucid way. The total number of verses is 326. The last two are as follows:
गमायण महाभारथ जिमउ, हमीरायण वीतउ तिसउ। पढइ गुणइ समलइ पुराण, तीया पुरुषा हुइ गगा स्नान । दहा गाहा वस्तु चउपही, तिनिमइ इनवीसा हुई। पनरहसइ अढतीसइ सही, काती मुदि सातमि सोम दिने कही ॥३२५।। सकल लोक राजा रजनी, कलिजुगि कथा नवीनी पनी ।
भरणता दुख दालिद सहु टल इ. माडउ कहइ मो प्रफला फलइ ॥३२६।। सवत १६३६ वर्षे भादवा वदि १० रविवारे लीखत विजकीरति मलधार गर्छ।
9. DONGARA KI BĀVAN.
The Bavani was written by the poet Padma Nābha. As this was composed on the request of Sanghapati Düngar, hence it is named after his name. It is in Rajasthäni language and was completed by the poet in 1486 A. D. The work deals with various subjects of general nature and contains 54 stanzas in Savaiya metre. The manuscript is housed in Sastra Bhandar of Tholia Jaina temple, Jaipur. This was copied in the year 1656 A. D. by: Sah Rupsi. It is also called by the name of AKSARA BAVANI, In the last two stanzas, the poet gives the date of completion of the work and his short description which is as follows:

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सवत् पदरहचाल से १५४३ तीनि चागला मुदिताय सुकल पखि द्वादसी वार रविधिर स मगल ... पूर्वषाढ नखित्र जोग हराषंण हरिषगल शुभ लगन शुभ घड़ो
.....
शुभ बेला शुभ वचन पदमनाभ बावनी लद डूगर मूमण बसुधा मंडलि बड हरिष प्रागद उछाहनु म जनमनि उलास पिसुरण मजवि दिन चढि ज्यमु प्रताप तेज तिहु भुवरण ससि करति मसारि ससि जेम विकासह
'
"I
... 1
कहि कवरें,
विस्तरइ ।। ५३ ।।
मंदिर ..... ।
गिरिकदरि ।
प्रगसं ।
मासे |
धन पुत्र लछि सुख संपदा कहय पदम जयवंत हुये ।
श्री डूंगर बालह देय वरु जयक्तउ जहि मेरु ध्रुव ।। ५४ ||
10. SAKALA KIRTI RĀSA:
Sakalakirti Răsa is a historical work which describes the life of Bhattaraka Sikalkirti and Bhuvan kırtı who were the most famous Bhattarakas of the 15th Century. It was written by his pupil Samal either in his life time or just after his death. This is perhaps the first work in Hindi which describes the life of the Scholars on detail. Sakal Kirti was born in the year 1386 A D. at ANAHALPUR. He was married when he was fourteen and renounced worldly life and became Jaina Sadhu in 1406 A. D. at the age of 20, He became Bhattāraka in 1435 A D Several places were visited by him. Thus this Răsa is very important work in this respect. It has been discovered in one of the Grantha Bhandars. of Udaipur Various works written by Sakalakirti have also been mentioned in it Year and month for every event which cccured in the life of Bhattaraka Sakalakīrtı is given in the Rasa. Thus it is purely a historical work. The beginning and end of the work are given below:
आदि भाग
वस्तु बंध
आदि जिरणवर २ तरह उनक्रमि ।
मादि दिगम्बरुए श्रादि सयल ससार सुणीइ ॥ तीर्थंकर प्रादि सयलइ वृित्ति मही मह्या सुखीइ ॥ छहं दरशरण प्रादि वडिल जसु गुरण पुहुवि नपार ॥

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ते निसुणु मावि भवीय, जिमु हुइ सफल संसार ।। उबरिण-प्रनिदिन सारदा देवि सेवि, सहि गूरु पागि लागी ।
पामीय सासु पसाउ भाइ, नरमल मत मागी ॥१॥ करि सुपरास उल्हास पगि प्रति प्रनोपम पाणी । गाईसु श्रीमूलसधि रगि, गुरू जगत बखाणी ॥ २ ॥
अन्तिम भाग जनिगढ़ गुरू उपदेसिइ, सखिर बंध प्रतिमव ।
सखि ठाकर प्रदराज्यस्यय रजि प्रासाद मांडीउए ॥२०॥ मंडलिक राइ बहु मानीउ देश व देशिज व्यापीयु ।
पीतलमइ मादिनाथ थिर थापीया ए ॥२१॥ इम करणी दिन दिन सुव सेखि चहुँ दिसि हुइ देस विदेसि ।
उपदेसि सुगुरु श्री मुवनकीरति तण इए ।।२२।। चिर न पुजा नभि रविचद, चउविध संघ पूरिइ पानद ।
सुभगति सुवचनि कवि सामल भणइए ॥२३॥ चउवीस जिणेसर प्रसादि श्रीभवनकीरति नव नवलि नारि।
जयवता सकल सध कल्याण करुए ॥२४|| गणधर ।। इति श्री भट्टारक श्रीसकलकोतिनु रास समाप्ताः
श्राविका बाई पुतलि पठनार्थ लिवापितं ।।
11. HOLI RĀSA:
This was composed by Brahma Jinadasa, pupil of Bhattáraka Sakalakirti. 11 describes briefly the story of Holi according to the Jaina belief. It is in Hindi and written in Caupai, Düha and Vastu Bandha metres. It is written in Rajasthani in which several words of Gujarati bave been used. The manussript is preserved in the Grantha Bhandar of Teräpanthi temple. Jaipur. The end of the work is as follows:
ए कथा रस साभली, समकित पालु सार । मिथ्या मारगि परिहरु, जिम पामु भव पार ॥ १४५ ॥ निकलंक धर्म छिरुया, जैन धर्म सविशाल । ते धर्म का माविमरघा, प्रवर मिथ्यात निवार ।। १४६ ।। परीक्षा करू पति निर्मली, रालु सयल विचार । समकिन पालु निर्मलु, जिम पांमु मुमति प्रतिसार ।। १४७ ॥

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रास मनोहर २ कोषु प्रति चग, होली तणु प्रति दुरधरु भेदाभेद बर्खाण जाणु । ए कथा रस सोमली, मनाहि धर्म विचार प्राणु ॥ एम जारणी निघचु कगे, पालु समकित सार । ब्रह्म जणदास कहिइसु जिम पामु भवपार ।। १४८ ।।
॥ इति होलीरास समाप्त ।।
12. BUDHI PRAKASA :
Budhi Prakāśa was composed by the famous Hindi poet Delha, the father of Thakursi who was also a poet of the 16th Century. The work contains teachings for a lay man. The whole work is completed in 27 stanzas, out of which first fifteen stanzas are not traceable so far. The gutaka No 865 10 which this work has been collected, contains only later half portion of the work. It was copied by Dasaratha Nigotia. From half of the portion of the work only, it appears that it is a fine work and possesses a literary as well as linguistic beauty. The work is a very short one, so the whole portion is given below:
भूखो पंथ न जाह सियालो, जीवा पंथ न जाह उन्हालो । सावणी भादव गाव न जाजे, प्रासौजा मौ भौय न सौजे ।। १६ ।। प्रणर चीतो किम नौहि खाज, अगर पीछाण्या की साथी न जाजे । जाय दिमावरि रातो न सोजे, रोस न कीजे चालत पथी ।। १७ ।। अवधरि न्हाय उतरी जे घाटो, कन्या न वेची गरथ के साट। पहरण प्रायो प्रादर दीजे, पापण सारु भगति करीजे। दान देव लखमी फल लीजे, जुनो ढोर न कपड लीजे ॥ १८ ॥ पढ़ न होय कीसिही बेचाले, वचन घालि तुम जो राले । बीज न कीजे पास पराय, भारभज्यो काम त्यो नीरवाहि ।। १६ ।। नितप्रति दान सदाहि दीजे, दुणा उपरि व्याज न लीजे । धरिही ण राखी हीण कुल नारी, सुक्रत उपाय संतोषा सारी ॥ २० ॥ वीणमै धोयड इंसि हसी साय, वीणसै बहु ज परि घरि जोय । वीणसे पूत पछोकडी छांडी, विरणसो गय गवाडो भीडी ।। २१ ॥ वीणसे विण प्रसबार घोडो, वीणसे सेवा प्राहर मोडो। बीण सौ राजु मंत्री नो थोडो, पजगील न बोल सिकुनै ।। २२ ।। वृद्धि होइ करि सो नर जीवो, मधोम के परी पाणी न पीये।

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हरिषन कोजे जे बुढ्डो पाणी, प्रणनीपने सुकाल न जारणी ॥ २३ ॥ मत्र न कीजे हीयडो कुडो, सील वीठा नारी ण पहराय कुहो। मंसी सीख सुरणी रौ पुण्या, लाज न कीजे भागत कन्या ।। २४ ।। ब्राह्मण होय सवेद भरणावी, श्रावक होय सप्रण अथवा जीवे । वाणया होय सवणिज करावो, कायथ होई सलेखो भरणावो ।। २५ ॥ कुलमारग जु ण छंडो करमा, सगली सीख सुणेजे घरमा । बुधि-प्रगास पढीर वीचारे, बीरो न पावे कदहि संह सारी ।। २६ ।। जैसी सीख सुर्ण सहु कोय, कहता सुणता पुनी जु होय । कही देल्ह परषोत्तम युता, करौ राज्य परीवार सजूता ।। २७ ।। सवत् १६८६ मिती पौष सुदी १० बुधीप्रगास समाप्ता। लि. पडीढा युढा लीखायत पंडीरासीघं जो ।।
13 NEMINĀTHA RĀSA :
This is a work on the life of Lord Neminātha written by Acārya Jinasena in 1494 A. D. in the city of Javacha. There are 93 stanzas in the work. The work is in Rajasthani. The manuscript of Neminātha Råsa is available in the Sastra Bhandar of Badā Mandir Terapanthi, Jaipur. The style of describing the things is very simple. The beginning and the end of the work are as follows.
अथ श्री नेमीनाथरास लिख्यते । सारद सामिणि मागू माने, तुझ चलणे चित लागू ध्याने । अविरल प्रक्षर मालुदाने, मुझ मूरख मति माविसानरे । गाउ राजा रलीया मणरे, यादवना कुलमडण साररे । नामि नेमीश्वर जाणिज्योरे, तसु गुण पुहुविन लामि पार रे ।। राजमती वररुयडु रे, नवह भवतर भागीय भूत रे । दशमि दुरपर तपलीउ रे, पाठ कम चउ भी प्राणु अंत रे। मुगति रमणि सुमन कोउ रे, तहु नुनाम जपु जगि सार रे ।।
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-- श्रीयगकीरति सूरति सूरीश्वर कहीइ , महीलि महिमा पार न लहीइ । शातरूप वरसि नितवाणी, सरस सकोमल प्रमीयस मापी। तास चलण चितलाई उरे, गाइउ एह प्रपूरब रास रे ॥ जिनसेन युगति करी रे, तेहना वयण तणउवासरे ।।

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जा लगि जलनिधि तवसी नीरे, जा लगि प्रवल मेरि गिरि धीरे । जागरणसंगरण बदनि सूर, ता लगि रास रहू भर पूरि रे । युगति सहित यादव तर रे, भाव सहित भणसि भरतारि रे । तेहनि पुण्य होसि धरणो रे, पाप तपु करसि परिहार रे ।। चद्रवाण संच्छर कीजि, पचातु पुण्य पासि दोजि । माघ सुदी पंचमी मणीजि, गुरुवारि सिद्ध योग उबी जिरे ॥ जुवा धनुष रज्जरिण जाणीइ के, तीर्थंकर वली कहीइ सार रे ॥ शान्तिनाथ तिहा सोलमुरे, कब्बुरास तेह भवण मभार रे ।। इति श्री नेमिनाथरास प्राचार्य जिनसेन कृत समाप्तः ।
14. BĀVANI :
Chihal was a famous Rajasthani writer of the 16th Century He completed his Panca Saheli Gita in the year 1518 A. D. Bavani is a newly discovered work of the poet. It contains 54 stanzas which includes several common topics for the interest of every layman. The manuscript of Bavani is preserved in the Sastra Bhandar of Jaina temple Tholia Jaipur. It is in a gutaka in which other works are also included. Bavani is a work of high standard in Hindi. From the language and description it can be placed among high work of Hindi. It was completed in the year 1527 A. D. Some stanzas of the work are as follows --
छाया तरवर पिख्यि श्राइ बहु लसइ विहंगम । जब लगु फल संपन्न रहइ तब लग इक संगम || विह वसि परी प्रपथ पत्तफल जडइ निरंतर । खिर इक तथ रहद्द जाइ उडि दिसहि दिसतर ।।
हल कहइ द्रम पfख्य जिम महि मित्रायण दरबलग । पर कज्ज न होइ वल्लहउ प्राप स्वारथ सबल जुग ।। २६ ।। + ++ डरपहि दादुर सब्दि वाह घल्लइ केहरि गलि । डर कुंडई नीरि तिरइ नदि महा अलग जलि ॥ भरइ फुलकइ मारि सीसि घरि परवम टालइ । कुपइ उदरि पिलिय पकरि घरि कुंजर रालइ ॥ सोदरी देखि सकइ सदा बिसहर कउ बलबट ग्रहइ । छील सुकवि जंvs वमरण तिरमा चरित्र न को लहह ||३३|| + +
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चउरामी मागलइ सइ जु पंद्रह सवछर (१५८४) । सुकल परूप प्रष्टमी मास कातिग गुरु वासरु । हृदय उपनी बुद्धि नाम गुरु को लीन्हउ । सारद पणइ षसाइ कवित्त सपूरण कीन्हउ ।। नाल्हिग वसि नाथू सुतनु अगरवाल कुल प्रगट रवि ।
बावनि वसुधा विस्तरी कवि ककरण छोहल कवि ॥५३।। 15. SANTOSA JAYA TILAKA :
The Santosa Jaya Tilak was composed by the famous Rajasthani poct Vũcarēja. It describes the devices of dissatisfaction and has been stated that satisfaction is the only source of happiness. It is in the form of a drama in which victory of satisfaction on greediness is shown. The poet completed the work in the year 1524 A.D. at Hisar. There are 123 stanzas of various metres. The manuscript was preserved in the Grantha Bhandār of Nagadi temple, Bündi.
Influence of Greediness
लोम विकटु करि कपटु अमिट रोमाइणु घडियउ । लपटि दवटि नटि कुघटि झपटि झटि इव जगु भडियउ । धरणि खडि ब्रह्माडि, गगनि पयालिहि धावइ । मीन कूरग मतंग झिंग मातग सतावद। जो इद मुरिणद फरिणद सुरचद सूर समुह अड़इ । उह लडइ मुडइ खिरणु गडबडइ, खिरणु सुउठ्ठि संमुह जुडइ। जब मुलौमि इतउ वलु कोयउ, अधिक कष्टु तिन्ह जीयह दीयउ । तब निणउ नमतु लै चिति गज्जिउ, राउ सतोषु इनह परि सज्जिउ ।११४॥
The end of the work in which the date of completion is given is as follows :
जब जित्त दुसह लोहु कोयउ तब चित्त मझि पानदे । हूव निकट रजो गहगहियउ राउ संतोषु ।। ११६।। मतोषह जय तिलउ जपिउ हिमार नयर मझार । जे सुणहि भविय इक्क मनि, ते पावहि वछिय मुक्ख ॥१२०॥ मवति पनरइ इक्याण मद्दवि सिय पक्सि पंचमी दिवसे । सुक्कवारि स्वाति वृखे, जेउ तह जाणि वमना मेण ॥१२१॥

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रड-पढहि जे के सुद्ध माएहि ।
जे सिक्खहि सुद्ध लिखाव, सुद्ध घ्यानि जे सुणहि मनु धरि । ते उत्तिम नरनारि प्रमर सुक्ख भोग वहि बहुरि ।। यह संतोषह जयतिलय जंपिउ वल्हि संभाइ । मंगलु चौविह संघ कह करइ वीरु जिरणराइ ॥१२३॥
॥ इति संतोषजयतिलकु समाप्ता छ।।
16. CETAN PUDGAL DHAMALA :
This is an another work written by Vūcarājā, It is in old Hindi and describes the relation between Cetan living being) and Pdgal (non-living being). The work also deals with various subjects such as merits of noble persons, benefits of good company, difficulties in worldly life etc. It has 136 verses of various metres. The work has been recently traced in the Šāstra Bhandār of Bundi Some of the excellent verses of the work are as follows:
मला भला सहु को कहै, मरमु न जागी कोइ । काया खोई मीत रे, मला न किस ही होय ।। ७१।। +
+ जिम तरु प्रापरणु धूपम हि, प्रवरह छांह कराइ । निउ इसु काया संग ते, जीयडा मोखिहि जाए ।।७३।।
फुलु मरइ परमलु जीवइ तिसु जाण सहु कोय । हस चलइ काया रहइ, किवरु बराबरि होइ ।।३।।
जिय विरणु पुदगल ना रहै, कहिया प्रादि अनादि । छह ग्वड मागे चक्कवै, काया के परमादि ॥६६।।
यहु सजमु प्रसियर भणी, तिस ऊपरि पगु देहि । रे जिय मूढ न जाणहा, इव बछु किव साह्महे हैं ॥१२४।।
रे चेतन तू तावला जा जड तुम्ह संगि होय । जे मदु भाजनि गूजरी वीक कह सबु कौए ।।१०।।

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खेतनत
नित ज्ञान मइ, यहु नित प्रशुचि सरीरु ।
घालि गवाया कु म महि, गगा केरा नीरु ।। १०७ ।।
17. NEMI RĀJULA GITA OR NEMI CARITA –
This work was written by Srāvaka Cataru in Samvat 1571 (1514 A. D). He was the only son of Sirimala. He lived at Gwalior when Mahārājā Mansingh was the Ruler. It is a short work describing the marriage event of Nemi and Rajula. The work contains 45 verses. The last portion of the work in which the date of completion and the poet's account is given, is as follows.--
श्रावण सीरीमलु प्ररु जसवत, निहचे जिय धर्म घरत । चारु चलन भवि वदतौ । पुत्र एक ताके घर भयो, जनम नाउ चतरु तिन लियो । जैन धर्म दिदु जीयह धरो । सुनि पुरानु उर गानो कहे ||४३|| गढ गोपाचल उत्तिम ठानु । एक मोवन की लका जिसी ।
नेमि चरित ताकै मन रहे, मधि देमु सुख सयल निधान,
तोवर राउ सवल वरवीर, भुव वल प्रायु जु साहसधीर । मानमिह जग जानिये । ताक राज मुखी सब लोगु, राज समान करहिं दिन भोगु । जैन धर्म वहु विधि चलें । श्रावग दिन ज करें षट कर्म, निचं चितु लावे हि जिन धर्म ॥ ४४ ॥ संवत पद्रह दो गर्मी, गुन गुनहर्तारि ता उपरि मनो । भादौ वदि तिथि पचमी वारु t
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18. VIKRAMĀDITYA CARITA -
The work deals with the life of King Vikramaditya who was famous for his justice. This was composed by Nayanambudhi-pupil of Vacak Harşa Samudra in the year 1523. A. D. The total number of the stanzas is 606. The poetry is an ordinary one. It is collected in a gutaka of Jainn Mandir Terapanthi, Jaipur. The beginning and the end of the work are follov's:
देवि सरसति २ प्रथम परणमेव 1
· बोरणा पुस्तक धारिणी, चडवि हंसि सुप्रससि चल्लइ ।

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कासमीरपुर मंडवासिरणी, देह नाण प्रमाण पिल्लेइ ।। कवियणनी तु मालली, दिउ मुझ बुधि विसाल । जिम विक्रम राजा तपउ, कहउ प्रबंध रसाल ।।१।।
+
+ सवत पनरहसइ पासोइ : १५८०:, ए चरित निसुणी हरसीयइ । साहसीक जो होइ निसंक, कायर कपइ जे वलि रक ।।६०३।। श्री उवएस गणांवरि सूरि, चरण कमण गुण किरण प्रपूर । रयणयह प्रभु गुण गण भूरि, तसु अनुक्रमि सपइ सिद्धिसूरि ।।६०४ तेह नइ वाचक हर्षसमुद्र, जसु जस उज्वल खीर समुद्र । तसु विनेयवि नयांबुधि एह, रचिउ प्रबन्ध निरषि तिणि त्येह ।।६०५ पच दंड नामा सु चरित्र, देवी सेहनु अध विचित्र । तिरिण विनोद चउपई रमाल, कोधी सुरणता मुग्व विमाल ।।६०६
।। इति श्रीविक्रमादित्यनृपचरित्र समाप्त ।। 19. BALI BHADRA RASA.--
This is a short story on the life of Balibhadra, also called Balrāma, the elder brother of Sri Krisna along with the burning of Dvārıkā due to curse of Dvipāyana Risi. This was composed by Brahma Yasodhar in the year 1528 A. D. in the City of Skandhanagara. Brahma Yaśodhar was the pupil of Bhattāraka Vijay Kirti who was also known by the name of Vijaysena, There are 189 verses in the Răsa written in mainly Dahā. Caupai. and Vastubandha metres. The language of the Rosa is Rājasthāni, much influenced by Gujarāti. The work exists in the collection of Gutakå of Sastra Bhandar of Jaina temple, Udaipui. One manuscript of the work is also preserved in one of the Sastra Bhandir of Nainvā. The first manuscript was got written by Brahma Dharma wha was a great lover of the manuscripts in the 17th Century. In the end of the work, the poet has given his description in the following way:
श्री रामसेन अनुक्रमि हुया, यशकीरति गुर जाणि । श्री विजयसेन पट थापीया, महिमा मेर समान ॥१८६॥ तास शिष्य इम . उच्चार, ब्रह्म यशोधर जेह । दुमडल दणयर तपि, तारह रास चिर एह ॥१७॥ संवत् पनर पचासीइ, :१५८५: स्कवनयर मझार । भवन पजित जिनवर तणी, ए गुणगाइ सार ॥१८॥

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After the curse of. Dvipayana Rişi, the Dvaraka City was totally burnt. The poet describes the same in the following manner:
सायर वाल्यु नयरी मांहि, तपि तेल जिम चडहड थाइ 1
पाप ॥ ८६ ॥ फिरि ।
नयर लोक ते करि विलाप, पूरब भवतु प्रगट्युं एक बलंता बुबार करि, बालक लेई एक नगरी एक कहिऊ गारु माइ, ए दुःख काया सह्य न जाइ ॥६०॥ एक मोह्या धन धरती धरि, एक लक्ष्मी रखवालां करि । क्षमा एक श्रसरण माचरि, ऐके एक क्षमापन करो
॥१॥
20. MADHAVĀNALA PRABANDHA'—
Madhavanala Prabandha was written by Ganpati son of Narsă, a nonJaina poet, The story af Madhavanala Prabandha is the famous love story of Madhava and Kamkandla on which several books are available. Ganpati, the author of the book completed this in the year 1527 A, D. The whole of the Prabandha is written in Doha metre and as such it increases the importance of the work. The total number of dohās is 2457.
The manuscript of the work is preserved in the Grantha Bhandar of Bündi. It is a manuscript written in the year 1596 A. D. by Laxmi Raja for his pleasure as well as for the study of Muni Kalyan Gani. The beginning and of the work are as follows:---
मयरण महामंड नाम
1
क्रू' प्रणाम 11211
पन्नग
/
श्रथ मन्मथ महाराजे नम || दूहा माधवानलना लिखोइ छइ कुअर कमला रति रमण, पकजि पूजि पथ कमल, सुर नर पुरवलो, लक्ष चुरामी लोम ब्रह्मा हरिहर कुमम शरि, जीराह जीता सोध ॥२॥ सीजइ चीतas, सेमवि चरण विहुउ कर वि कलि बाधी सहु, जिम सामल ज्यो सवि सृष्टि नुहु, कारण विश्व बधारना,
काज 1
करहा मुवि लाज ॥३॥ ए विए भावइ छे । श्रादि उपायु एह ॥४॥
प्रथमय
+
+
नरसा सुत गरणपति कहद्द, मन सूघइ स्वामिन शारदा, पोतइ
+
थया ए माठ ।
दीघउ
पाठ 11.

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1
दोसइ दस गाऊ मही, दश गाऊ शरथान । दशगांऊ परिण नर्मदा, भाम्रपत्र स्वस्थान 11 ब्राह्मण भाट मला बसs, व्यवहारी था विशेषि । राजकुली रूडी तिहां, छह लछ जीसे रेख ॥ उम्रशेन कुलि उग्रवल, राणउ नाग नरेश जा सायर नर्मद मही, तां वा चूलउ देश चतुर सभा वदन तरणउ, मझ कोई लागउ वास । गणपति जपइ तउ करिउ, पद केत ले प्रकाश ॥ कवि ज्ञाति कायस्थ बड, बालि मइ विख्यात । पूरुए पद बघता, दीहथ पादह सात 11
"
४ ८
५ १
वेद भुजंगम बाण शनि, विक्रम वरस विचार । श्रावणनी सुदि सप्तमी, स्वाति मगलवार 11 साध्य योग सूधउ हतु, वाणिज्य कर विशेष । रवि परतुए पचागनी, चउथडी आशेष 13 जयउ जयउ जगदीश्वरी, प्रानदी प्रारात्रि 1 वक्ता श्रोता वछली, तु थाए त्रय मात्र
Beginning of the work:
"
शुक्ल पक्ष तृतीया ३ तिथौ भूमेवासरे श्री स्थंमतीर्थे पूज्य पंडित श्री हर्ष कम गरि शिष्य पं० लक्ष्मीराजेन लिखितमस्ति विनोदार्थे मुनि उदयकल्याणगरिण वाचनार्थम् ॥
21. NEMI NĀTHA RĀSA:--
The Rasa was composed by Muni Punya Ratana in the year 1529 A. D. It deals with the life of Neminatha, the 22nd Jaina Tirthankara, It is a small work consisting of only 69 stanzas, The beginning and the end of the manuscript are as follows:
सारदा पय प्रणमी करी, नेमि तरणा गुरण होइ घरेबि । रास मणु रलोया गरणउ गुण गरुवउ गाइ सु संखेवि ॥ हू बलिहारी जादव एक रस, उरज पीछउ बालि । अपराधन मह को कीयउ, काइ छोडs नव योवन वाल || सोरीपुर सोहामणउ राजा समुद्र विजय नव 오피 1 शिवादेवी राणी तसु तरणी, अनोप रूप रंग समान 11

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the end
संजम पाल्यउ सातसइ, बरस सहस नउ पूरउ चाउ । असाढ सुदि पाठमी मुकति, पहू ता जिणवर राय ॥६६॥ सवत पनर छियासिइ, रास रचिउ माणी मन भाइ । राज गछ मडण तिलउ, गुरु श्री नदिवर्द्धन सूरिसु पसाइ ।।६७॥ प्रह उठोनइ प्रणमीयइ, श्री यादव मंडन गिरिनारि । मन बछित फल ते लहइ, हरिषइ जोगी वर नर नारि ॥६॥ समुद विजय तन गुण निलउ, सेव करइ जसु नर छद । पुण्य रतन मुनिवर मणइ, श्री संघसुप्रसन नेमि जिणद ।।६।।
॥ श्रीनेमिनाथरास समापता ।।
22 NALA DAMAYANTI CARITA:
This was composed by Manik Raja in Samvat 1590 1. e. 1533A.D. II describes the famous story of Nala and Damayanti. The work contains 486 verses mainly in Doha and Caupai metres. The manuscript has been housed in the Sastra Bhandar of Terāpanthi temple, Jaipur. It is written in Rajasthāni language. The beginning of the work is as under:
पहिलउ शाति जिरणद नमि, सरसति चित्त घरेसु ।
श्री दवदती नउ चरित, सखेपहि विरचेसु ॥१॥ जिणवर निज मुख मासिया, दान सील तपमाव । सविहू सील प्रसशियइ, प्रगटउ जासु प्रभाव ॥२।। सीलइ सुर सपइ हुवइ, सीलइ पामइ मुख । सील पसाइ सवि टलइ, रोग मोग मय दुख ।।३।। डाइणि साइणि नवि छलइ, सोलह तणइ प्रभाव ।
दानव भूत भयग महि, भय हलाइ जाइ ॥४॥
23. BHAVISYADATTA RASA:--
This was composed by Vidyabhūsana pupil of Visvasena Süni of Kaşıha Sangha. The poet completed the work in 1543 A. D. at Sojat, a town in Pali District. The work deals with the life of Bhavisya Datta a Jaina Sravaka whose life story is very popular among the Jaina poets, In this work also the poet describes the same story in a very simple style. The total number of the stanzas is 472 which are

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292 1
Jasna Grantha Bhandars in Relasthan.
arious metres The manuscript was discovered in the Sastra Bhandar of Terapanthi Mandir (Badi) Jaipur. It was copied in 1586 A. D. The language of the work is Rajasthāns, but there is some int luence of Gujaräty. The beginning of the work is as follows:
प्रों नमो वीतरागाय । भविष्यदत्तनोरास लिख्यते । सकल जिनवर सकल जिनवर चरण वदेवि । सिद्भह सूरीश्वर नमु उवज्झाय सामान्य यतिवर । गणधर चुवीसना जेह अग पूरब श्रुतधर ॥ सार बुद्धि द्यो सारदा प्रगमी चित्त धरैवि । भविष्यदत्त तग भलु राम कह सखेवि ॥१॥ विश्वसेन सूरिवर तरणा, 'प्रणमी चरण पवित्र । विद्याभूषण इम कहि, रच रास सु चरित्र ॥२॥
1. At the end, the poet gives his complete descripnon, alongwith the date of completion of the work and place where it was composed:
काष्ठासघ नदी तट गछ, विद्यागरण विद्यामि स्वछ । गमसेन बस गुरण निला, धर्ममेन होपागुर भला ॥५६।। विमलसेन तम पाटि जाण, विशालकीनि हो आबुध प्रागण । तस पट्टोद्धर' महामुनीश, विश्वमेन सूग्विर जगदीम ॥५७।। मकल शास्त्र तरणु मडार, सर्व दिगंबरनु शृगार । विश्वसेन सूरीश्वर जाण, गछ जेह नी मानि प्राण १५८|| तह तणु दामानुजदाम, सूरि विद्याभूपरण जिनदाम । प्राणि मन माहिउ उल्हाम, रचीयु रास सिरोमरिण रास ॥५६।। महानयर सोजित्रा ठाम, त्यांसु पाण जिन वरनु 'धाम ।
मट्टपुरा ज्ञाति अभिराम, नित नित करि धर्म ना काम ॥६॥
. संवत सोलसि श्रावण मास, शुक्ल पचमी दिन उल्हास । .. .. 1. { .. ' ' ' कहि विद्याभूसरण सुरीश, रास ए मदु कोहि वरीस ॥६१1 ....'.' .. " .. . इति श्री विद्याभूषण सूरिणा"कृतो ऽयं रासः समाप्त: ।। ' :...' ....... ब्रह्म श्री. रारा जी तत् शिष्य. ब. हीरानन्द जी नो, पोथी. छे ।। । । . .

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24. RĀGAMĀLĀ or Kasam Rasik Vilāsa:--
This is a Hindi work composed by Syama Misra on the principles of Rågas and Raginis. Syama Misra was a resident of Agra City but he wrote his work at Lahore in Samvat 1602 i. e. 1545 A. D., under the patronage of Käsim Khan whom he praises in the work. He was the son of Caturbhuj Misra. The manuscript was copied at Hindaun in 1692 A. D.
This is a very good work on Raga ane Ragini, some of which have been described in the work. They are as follows:--
Bhairon Rāga, Malkośa Rāga, Hindolana Rāga. Dipak Rāga, Gunakari Rāgini, Rāma Kali, Lalit Ragani, Vilāvala Ragini Kamod, Nata Kedaro, āsāvari, and Malhar etc.
Beginning
श्री गणेसाय नमः । अथ रागमाला ग्रंथ लिखते । दोहा - जिहि के रूप न रेख कछु, नैनंनि देखें सम्व । निरमल नाम अनन्त गुन, श्रादि अन्त भर अय्य ।। डिल्ल - प्रथम सरस्वती देव गणेश मनाय के ।
मिश्र सरोमन जान सुबुधि करि पायके ।। कासमखान सुजान कृपा कवि पर करी । रागनि की माला करिवे को चित घरो || दोहा :- सेरवखान के वस में, उपज्यो कासमखान ।
1 293
निस दीपक ज्यो चन्द्रमा, दिन दीपक ज्यो मान । afa वरने छवि स्वनि की, सो वरनी नहि जाय || कासम खान सुजान को अङ्ग रहि छवि छाय || +
+
+
हनमत मत्त सकेत जिहि, भाषाकरि प्रकाश | नाव घरथो या ग्रथ को कासम रसिक विलास ।
The end of the work is as follows:
देशकार सुर खरज ग्रिह arer fरतु निस त रहे,
सपूरन सुविधार गाइ पांचों नार ॥

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राख दया सुन महसकृत्त, भाषा कोनी जोर । पडित पढे बनाय के, मूरख लावे खोर ।। सवत् सौरह से वरष, उषर बीते दोइ । फागुन बुदी सनोदसी, सुनो गुनी जन कोई ।
सोरठा पोथी रची लाहोर, 'स्याम' प्रागरे नगर के ।
राजघाट है ठौर, पुत्र चतुरभज मित्र के ।। इति रागमाला निथ, स्याम मिश्र कृत सपूरगा ।।
सवत् १७४६ वर्षे सावरण सुदि १५ सोमवार पोथी मेरगढ़ प्रगने हिडोण का मैं माह गोरधन अग्रवाल की पोथी थे लिखी लिखत मोजाराम ।
25. JIVANDHAR RĀSA.--
It was composed by Tribhuvana Kirti, pupil of Udai Sena the rása deals with the life of Jivandhar in a very simple way. It was composed in Kalpávallt
City in the year 1551 A. D. The manuscript has been discovered in the Grantha Bhandar of Terapanthi temple, Jaipur and was copied in the year 1586 A D, by Bhattāraka Visva Bhūsana. The last two verses of the Rāsa in which place and date of completion and the poet's name have been meantioned, are as undder -
कल्पवल्ली मझार संवछर सोल छहोतरि ।
रासु रच्यु मनोहार रधि हयो श्री सघ धरि ।।५६०।। श्री जीवधर मुनि तप करी, पुहनु शिवपद ठाम ।
त्रिभुवनकीरति इम वीनवि देयो तह्म गुण ग्राम ।।५६१।।
इति श्री जीवधर राम ।। ब्रह्म धना लखित ।।
26. ROHINI VRATA RASO.
This is a short story on Rohini Vrata written by Tulasi who was living in a Jaina temple of Panipat. This was composed in Samvat: 1628 1. e. in the year 1571 A. D. The work is in the collection of Grantha Bhandar Tholiā Jaina temple, Jaipur. The last three stanzas of the poem are as follows:
मुनि वदिवि दिवा गही रोहिणी री मंजिका व्रतधार । तप करि सो सुरगहि गई, कीजे री सुणकरि व्रतसार ॥ रोहिणी ० ।।७२।।

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पाणीपथ सुबस बसइ, तिस मै रो जिण भवन अनूप । पंडित तुलसी तहि तहि बस, कोणी री रासो जु अनूप ॥रोहिणी०।७३।। रोहिणी व्रत विधि कीजिये, कीजे री मन वच रुचलाइ । तातै सिव सुख पाईए, सेवत री दु.ख दूर पलाइ ॥रोहिणी।।७४।।
27. HANUMATA RĀSA:
This was written by Brahma Gyana Sågar, a famous writer of 16th century. It was completed in Sarvat 1630 ( 1573 A. D.). The poet describes the story of Hanumana in a very simple but literary manner. The manuscript was copied in the year 1593 AD. It is housed in the Grantha Bhandir of Teră panthi temple, Jaipur.
28. DAYA RASA:
It is a Hindi work of Bhattaraka Yaśah kirti pupil of Bhattāraka Guna Candra. It was composed in Samvat 1633 1. e. 1576 A. D. The work describes the bife of a hero who practised non-violence. The total stanzas in the poem are 75. The language of the Rása is Rajasthani The manuscript of the work is in the collection of Grantha Bhandār of Jaina temple Bada Dhadā, Ajmer. The beginning and the end of the work are as follows:
श्रीजिनदेव पणमउ धरी माउ, इद फरिणद नरिंद सुराउ। सुगुरु गणत सु तणय प्रणमउ, देवि, सरसइ पइ रणमउ पाउ । रासु दयारसु सिउ भरणउ से मुखी, होषजइ किपिउ उच्चरद । दोसु न लिति सज्जन गुणी, खीम अरु नीरु जिउ हस सराउ । कइ धम्मु दयावह से विजइ ॥१॥
राउ जीवि झमेवि झमवत, नासु होय गये कालि महत । सहसुजी एकु सभइह मणउ, अवर तेतोम सवरु सारु । दुजेष्ठ सुदि पचमी मुभ दिने, दयारस रासु सकुलजइ माइ । एहुजी जीव वनइ मगलु, समवउ मयाल जीवा वाह मानदु ।
कइ धम्मदया वर सेविजउ । 29. ŚRIPALA SOBHÁGI RĀSA:
The Rasa was written by Bhattaraka Vadi Candra in the year 1594 A.D. It is in Hindi and describes the life of Sripala who was an emperor according to

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Jajna Grantha Bhandars is Rajasthan,
the Jaina mythology. The scholar was the pupil of Prabhā Candra. The manuscript has been discovered in the Sastra Bhandar of Khandelwă la Jaina temple, Udaipur. It was copied in the year 1696 A. D. at Udaipur. The end of the work is as follows
श्रो मूलसध माहि उदयो दिवाकर, विद्यानद विशाल जी । सास पट्ट गुरु मल्ली सु भूषण, वाणी प्रमीय रसान जी ।। तास पट लक्ष्मीचंद सूरि मोहि, मोहे भवियण भन्न जी। बीरचंद नाम ज जन जपि, तस जीव्यु धन धन्य जी ।। प्रगट तस अनुक्रमि जागु, ज्ञानभूषण मानवत जी । तस पद कमल भ्रमर अविचल, जस प्रमाचंद प्रभावत जी ।। जग मोहण तस पाटि उदयो वादिचंद गुणाल जी । नवरस गीते जिणे गायो, चक्रवति श्रीपाल जी।। सवत सोल-एकावन वर्षे कीधोए परवध जी । भवियण थिरमल करिने सुण ज्यो, नित २ ए संबध जी ।। दान दीजि जिन पूजा कोजे, समकित मनराखी जे जी । नवकार मणीय सूत्र ज मणीये, प्रसत्य नवि भाषी जे जी ।। लोमत्य जी जे ब्रह्म घरीजि साभल्यांनु फल एह जी । ए गीत जे नरनारी सुणस्ये, अनेक मगल तसगेह जी। संघपति धन जी सवाचने करी, कोधो एह विस्तार जी । केवली श्रीपाल पुत्र सहित तह्म, नित नित करय जयकार जी।
इति श्रीविदेहक्षेत्रे श्रीपाल-सौभागी आख्यानकथनं भट्टारक श्रीवादीचद्रविरचिते चतुर्थ परिच्छेदः सपूर्णः । विदेह क्षेत्र श्रीपाल सौभागी चक्रवति हवो तेहनी कथा सपूर्ण ।
श्री सवत् १७५३ वर्षे मागमिर शुदि दिने रविकारे लिपिकृतं उदयपुर मध्ये लिखित ।।
30. ARGALPURA JINA DEVA VANDANA:---
This is a description writte by the poet Bhagwati Dăsa of the Jaina temples situated at Agri. The work was composed in the year 1594 A. D. by him From the work, it appears that Agră remained the centre of Jainas from the very beginning of the city and during the time of poet there were a number of Jaina temples. The poet belonged to Delhi. This is a good description from the historical point of view. The manuscript of the work exists in the collection of the Bhattarktya Sastra Bhandar of Ajmer.

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31. GURU CHAND:
This is a small work written in the praise of his Guru (teacher) Bhattarka Vijay Kirti by Bhattaraka Subha Candra (16th Century). He was the pupil of Bhattaraka Vijay Kirti. It is in the collection of Sastra Bhandar of Jaina temple Patodi. In the end of the Chand the poet mentions the names of his previous Bhattārakas, which are as follows:
यतिवर वरनाथ मोक्षहसाथ करइ दुःखानलमेह गत सदेहं
पर
सुहट
साहा गांगातनय करउ विनयं शुद्ध गुर ।
शुभ वंसह जातं कुमरि मातं परम परं । साक्षादि सुबुद्ध जी कीइ शुद्ध दलिततमं । सुर सेवत पायं भारतिमाय मथिततम || वदितसुरचरण भव्यहशरण पट्टधर ।
विजयादिहि कीर्ति सोमहमुत्ति धम्मधुर ||१०| कलकीति विख्यात जिनमत धम्मह मडन ।
वनकीर्ति तस्स पट्टि बुट्ठ मिध्यात खंडन || तिहा यती तणो व गार ज्ञानभूषरण भट्टारक ।
करइ मरणावर शास्त्र एह वहू भव्यहं तारक ।। जंपर कवियरण राय सूरि शुभचद विचक्षरण ।
वर ॥
भट्टारक श्राविजयकीर्ति सकल संघ मंगल करण ।।११।। ॥ इति गुरु छन्द समाप्ता ॥
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32. MAHAVIRA CHAND:
This was also composed by Bhttäraka Subha Candra who was a scholar of 16th Century. The work deals with the life of Lord Mahavir and consists of only 27 stanzas. The work has been discovered in the Săstra Bhandar temple Patodi, Jaipur. The last stanza of the work is as follows
of Jaina
कायक ||
सिद्धारथ सुत सिद्धि वृद्धि वाछित वर दायक | प्रियकारिणी पर पुत्र सप्त हस्तानत द्वासप्तति वर वर्ष, श्रायु सिंहांक सु मडित । बामीकर वर वर्ण शरण गोतम यती पति ||

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गभं दोष दूषण रहित शुद्ध गर्भ कल्याण करण । शुमचद्र सूरि सेवित सदा पुहवि पाप पकह हरण ।।२७।।
॥ इति महावोर छन्द समाप्तं ।।
33. TATVASARA DOHA.
It is an another work of Bhattārak śubha Candra, pupil of Vijaya Kirti whose name has been mentioned by him in the last stanza of his work. He was a great scholar of Samskrit and Hindi literature. Tatavasāra Duh, describes the main principles about Ātmā, God or Parmātmā and Mokša. The work was composed at the request of Dulha whom he mentioned in some of the Dohás Date of composition of the work is not given. There are 91 dūhảs in the Tatavasára. The manuscript has been discovered in the Jaina Tholia temple of Jaipur. In the beginning the poet describes the soul as follows –
समयसार रस सांमलो, रे सम रवि श्री समिसार । समग्रसार सुख सिद्धना, सीझि सुक्ख विचार ।।१।। अप्पा अप्पि पापुमु रे, प्रापण हेति भाप । आप निमित्त प्रापणो, ध्यान रहित सन्ताप ।।२।। च्यार प्राण प्रीणित सदा रे, निश्चय न्यान वियारण । सत्ता सुख वर बोधमि, चेतना चुथ प्राण ।।३।। ध्यार प्राण व्यवहार थी, रे दश दीसिएह भेद । इदिय बल उस्साम सु, प्रायु तणा बहु छेद ।।४।।
End of the work is as follows:
सात शिवकर २ ज्ञान निज भाव । शुद्ध चिदानद चीततो मूको माया मोह गेह देहए । सिद्ध तरणा सुखजि मलहरहि, प्रात्मा मावि शुभ एहए ।। श्री विजयकीत्ति गुरु मनि धरी, ध्याउ शुद्ध चिद् प । भट्टारक श्री शुमचद्र मणि था तु शुद्ध सरूप ।।६।।
॥ इति तत्वसार दोहा ।।
34. BAVANI:
The Bavant exists in the Grantha Bhandar of Nāgadi temple, Bonds. The correct name of the work should have been the "Bårah Khari' as the stanzas

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are in the Alphabetical order. There are 44 stanzas while a Bavani should contain 52 stanzas. The name of the author is not mentioned but from the language of the work, it appears to have been composed in the 16th Century. It touches several subjects but it is mainly on ethics. Some of the verses are as follows
aar aag कहतु किउ भावे, मकहु कहे कछु सोभर पावे ।
जै कहु हु छोडि करि रहिए, तो कम्म काटि केवलु सुखु लहियो ||१|
aat किउ मधुकर दुखु पाया, ससि विकाश सकुच नहि माया ।
सूर उदोत कवलु विगसावं, नि. छुटै भवरु बहुरि कत भावे ||२||
+
+
+
हा हा हलहर चक्क हर, हय गय रहहि रणत्थि । इ नहि कोई ग थिरु रह्या, हंसु भकेलउ पित्थि ||४२ || हा हा हउ किसकउ नही, मेरा है नहि कोइ 1 जो अजरामरु वभु परु सो अप्पारणउ जोइ अनादि निधने द्रव्ये, हेयोपादेय वस्तुनः 1 अक्षर मध्यातु किं ज्ञेय कथित ब्रह्म वेदमि ॥ ४४ ॥ || इति बावनी समाप्त ॥
॥४३॥
35 NEMINĀTHA GITA:--
The Gita was written by Brahma Yasodhara in praise of Lord Neminatha, the 22nd Tirthankara. Brahma Yasodhara was pupil of Vijay Kirti who remained on Bhattāraka Gādi from the year 1525 to 1560 A. D. From the date of VijayKirti it may be said that this work belongs to the 16th Century.
It is a short work, having 69 stanzas written in Raga Gaudi The language of the work is Rajasthani In the end of the work, the author mentions his name and also that of Yasah Kiru under whose patronage the Gita was composed. The work has deen discovered in the Grantha Bhandar of Nainvä. The last two stanzas of the work are as under.
श्री यमकीरति सु पसाउनि ब्रह्म यसोधर मणिसार ।
चलरण न छीडउ स्वामी, तह्य तरणा भवचा दुःख निवार ||६८ ।।
भर जे नर सांमलि रे, घन धन ते नव निधि तस घर उपजि, ते तरसि
अवतार ।
ससार
॥६६॥

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36. LAGHU SITA SATU:
It was composed by Bhagvati Dasa. In this work, the character of Srá has been depicted in a nice manner. The poet composed in 1627 A. D.a Brihad Sita Satu but as it was a lengthy work and could not be made attractive so another small work was composed by the name "LAGHU SITA SATU' in the year 1630 A.D. In Sahadara, Delhi.
इन्द्रपुरी सम सिहरदिपुरी, मानवरूव प्रमरा ति दुरी । अग्रवाल श्रावक धनवत, जिनवर भक्ति करै ममकत । तह कवि माइ भगोतीदासु, सीता सतु भनियो पूनि प्रामु । बहु विस्तर अरु छंद घनेरा, पढत प्रेम बाढई चित केरा ।
एक दिवस पूरन ह्व नाही, प्रति अमिलाप रही मन माही। दोहा:-तिहि कारण लघुसतु करथा, देस चौपई भास ।
छद जूझ सबु छांडिकइ, राखि बारह मास ।। सोरठा-सवतु मुणहु सुजान, सोलहस इस सतामियइ ।
चैत शुकल तिथिदान, भरणी ससि दिन सोमयो ।
The description of twelve months and dialogues between Sità and Mandodari are excellent. It is a very good work of Hindi literature -
तब बोलइ मदोदरी रानी, रुति प्रषाढ घन घट छइ रानी । पीय गए ते फिर घर पावा, पामर नर नित मन्दिर छावा । लवहि पपीहे दादुर मोरा, हियरा उमग घरत नहि मोरा । बादर उमहि रहे चौपासा, तिय पिय विनु लिहि उमन उसासा ।।
37. RAJAVALI-DOHA:
It is a historical work, which describes the history of Delhi emperors from Samvat 829 V S. (772 A. D.). It was written by the poet Bhagwati Dāsa who was himsef a Delhi citizen. The poet was a great scholar of Hindi and Apabhraísă and he wrote several works in both the languages A gutaká containing more than 40 works written by the poet himself is preserved in the Ajmer Grantha Bhandar. Rájávali is also in the collection with othes works. It is purely a historical work and describes the names of each emperor, how long he ruled and what happened after him. It contains 67 Dohās. Emperor Sahjahan is the last whose description is given. Some of the verses are given below:

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301
छपइया:-बारहसय चालीस अधिक नव संवत गइया ।
चैतमासि गुरुवारि दिवस तमतो वसि भइया ॥ पाए पवर पठाण देस पुरि भया भगाया । राय पिथोरा जाति करिउ दिल्ली कुरवाणा ॥ पणमास दिवस दस सात लहु तेरह घडिय वरिस रतन । गोरी सो साह सहावदी, राजु वरिउ जगमाहि जतन ॥ तीन मास तेरह दिवस दोय वरिस मिलि ताहि । पद्रह घडी वियाण थिति रहे समसदी साहि ॥ वरिस वीस रस मास छह प्रवर घडी सगवीस । सात दिवस जुत जाणि यहु सति कुतवदी ईस ॥
सवइया तीन वरिस पणमास दिवस बाईस गए अह । पद्रह घडी मिलाइ साहि भए मीर मुगल तह ॥ बाबर वसिमइ क धीरु धरि घरा लइ जिनि । तासु हमाउ नंदु राजु दस वरिस किया तिनि ॥ चउमास वरिस तेरह घडी रुद्ध सतित थिति जानिए । इउ कविसु भगवती उच्चरइ जगमति सुजस बखानिये ।। पद्रह सइ रु सतानुवइ जेठि सुकुल थिति वारसि । सेत साहि पुणु गजु लिय प्रगट सूरि अरु जासि ॥५५।। __ +
+
+ तिहि सुत साह सहावदी, राजु करइ घर लोइ । कवि सु भगौती दुउ लवड, पाउ चिराउसु होइ ।।६।। साहिजहान मु प्रकटभुवि न्याय नीति तु तासु । भवन कमल रवि हिरउ पहरु दिन विति जोति प्रकासु ॥६६।। सोलहसइ सग सोहसु सवति जानिए
जेठि निजल सिय णसि बुधहु मनि मानिए । अगरवाल जिन भवनि पुरी सिहर दि मली (दिल्ली) परहा कवि सु भगौतीदास मनी राजावली ॥१७॥
॥ इति राजावलि ॥

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38. NEMISVARA VIVAHLO:
The work was composed in 1634 A. D. in the city of Kotäh by Khetasi, a Hindi poet of the 17th Century. It deals with mainly marriage of Lord Neminatha who at the time of wedding dropped his idea of marriage and went to the Jungle for leading the life of a Jaina monk. Vivählo is a very good poem of Hindi. The Alankāras used in the poem are simple but interesting. The whole of the poem is composed in Doha and Sorațhā metres. The manuscript is in the Šāstra Bhandar of Jaina temple Fatehpur (Sekhawati) It is dated 1736 A. D Beginnină of the work.
अथ नेमीनाथ जी का विवाहलो लिख्यते । दोहग,-सरस्वति स्वामिन वीनऊ, मदगुरु लागो पाइ ।
श्री नेमिकुमार विवाहलो, कहो सुनौ मन लाइ ॥१॥ जैन पुराण जु मैं सुन्यो, तोरण हुवो वियोगु । श्री नेमिकुमार वैरागियो, परियन तजि लीयी जोगु ।।२।। सोरठि देस सुहावनो, राजा जादौराइ । इद्रपुरी सम द्वारिका, रचि धनजय भाइ ।।३।। अवतरसी जहां जग गुरु, हाइसी दोइ कल्याण । मगल महोछे बहु कीयो, सुरपति दे सनमान ॥४॥
Date of completion:--
नर नारी पढे पढाये, ते मम वछित पावे । जैनागम जिहि विधि सुनीयो, कर जोर खेतसी भनियो । सोरहरी इक्यानवे, सावन मासि विचारी । कोटो केशरि खानि को पहो सूनो नरनारी ।। सहस बुद्धि सुरगुरु कहे, सतमुख सुनिये सोइ । नेमि जिनदकुमार को महिमा वरनी न जाइ ।। बुधजन हांसी मति करो, तुम बुधि चतुर सुजाम ।
मतिसारू वर्णन करो, श्रुतसागर नहि पार ।। 39. PARSVANATHA RASA:--
The Rasa was composed by Sri Kapür Canda in the year 1640 A, D. He belonged to Anandpur Nagar where Jaswant Singh was the king. The Rasa

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deals with the the life of Lord Pårsvanātha, the twentythird Tirthankara. It is written in simple Rajsthani language containing poetic beauty. The work is completed in 166 slanzas. The manuscript is preserved in the Sastra Bhandar of Caudhari's temple Mālpură (Tonk). The author was the pupil of Guna Candra in the time of Nemi Cand. The manuscript was written by Śrāvika Pärvati, pupil of Rātanai in the year 1665 A. D. In the end of the work the poet gives his detailed dcrount date of completion and name of the place where he composed this work:--
श्रीमूलजी सघ बहु सरस्वति गछि भयो जी मुनिवर बहु चारित स्वच्छ । तह श्री नेमिचद गछपति भयो, तास के पाट जिम सोम जी भाण । श्री जसकीरति मुनिपति भयो, जाण जी तर्क प्रति सास्त्र पुराण ॥१५६।। तास को शिष्य मुनि अधिक प्रवीन, पच महाव्रतस्यो नित लीन । तेरह विधि चारित धरै, व्यजन कमल विकासन चद । ज्ञानगी इम जिमौ प्रति भलोमे, मुनिवर प्रगट मुमि श्री गुणचद ॥१६०।। तासु तणु सिषि तसु पडित कपुरजी चंद, कीयो रास चितिरिवि मानद । जिण गुण वहु मुझ अल्प जी मति, जहि विधि देख्याजी शास्त्र पुरारण । बुध देग्वि को मति हंस, तैसी जी विधि मे कियो जी बखाण ।।१६१।। सोलासे मत्तागाये मासि वैसाखि, पचमी तिथि सूम उजल पावि । नाम नक्षत्र प्राद्रा भलो, बार ब्रहस्पति अधिक प्रधान । गम कियो वामा सुत तणो, स्वामीजी पारसनाथ के थानि ।।१६२।। अहो देस को राजा जी जाति राठौड, मकलजी छत्री या सिर मोड । नाम जसवसिह तमु तपो, तास पानदपुर नगर प्रधान । पौरिग छतीस लोला कर, सौम जी जैसे हो इन्द्र विमान ।।१६३।। सोमै जी तहा जिरण भवण उत्तंग, मइप वेदी जी अधिक प्रमग । जिरण तरणा वि सोम मला जो नर बंद जी मन वच काई । दुख क्लेश न सचर, तीम घरा नव निधि थिति पाइ॥१६४।। वसै जी तहां अधिक महाजन लोक, खरचं जी द्रव्य नित भौगवे भोग । जिण चरणा जी पूजा रचे, दान सुपात्रा जी दिहि बहु भाइ । देव जिमि निति लीला कर, भोगवे सुख निज पुण्य पसाइ ।।१६५।। छद कडा भला एकसौ जारिणः छयासठि अधिक तहि तणु जी प्रमाणि । भाव जी भेद जो त्याका कहा, स्वामी विनती एक कर तुम्ह दास ।

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Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthän.
स्वामी हमने हो देयो जो स्वर्ग निवास, तुम्ह तो जी मुक्ति कामरणी वरी । श्रीपास जिणेसुर पाइ नमो ॥ १६६ ॥
इति श्री पार्श्वनाथ को रास सपुरण समाप्ता लिखित बाई रत्नाइ की सिषि श्राविका पारवती गोत्र गंगवाल सवत् १७२२ मीती जेठ वदि ५ ।
40. JYOTIŞA SĀRA:
Jyotisa Săra is a work on astronomy as it is clear from the name. It is in Hindi and was written by Sri Kripā Rāma in Sarvat 1742 (1685 A D.). The subject has been dealt with in a very simple language so that it can easily be understood even by a lay man. The material has been taken from the main books on this subject. The poet lived in Sahjahanpur. His father was Tula Rama. This has been written in a Gutaka of Patodi Sastra Bhandar, Jaipur. Two pieces from the work are as follows:
केंदरियो चौथो भवन सप्तम दममो जान । पचम अरु नोमो भवन येह त्रिकोण बखान ||६|| तीजी पसटम ग्यारमो अर दसमो वर लेखि । इनको उपचै कहत है सबै
प्रथमे देखि ।।७।।
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वश्य लग्यो जा अम में मोई दिन तिवारि ।
वा दिन उतनी घडी जु पल बीते लग्न विचारि ||४०||
लगन लिखे ते गिरह जो जा घर बैठो प्राय ।
ता घर के फल सुफल को कीजें मित बताय ॥ ४१ ॥ ॥ इति श्री कवि क्रिपाराम कृत भाषा जोतिसार संपूर्ण
41. VANIKA PRIYA:
Vanika Priya is a Hindi work written on business methods by SukhaDeva in Samvat 1717 (1660 A. D.). How the business should be conducted and at what time a particular commodity should be sold or purchased, with whom cash business or credit business should be handled, all such topics are dealt with in the book, This is a very good book on business method in Hindi. It was copied in the year 1798 (1741 A. D.) at Chirari by Lala Udait. The manuscript has boen discovered in the Sastra Bhandar of Jaina temple Badhi Cand, Jaipur. In the beginning of the work, the poet gives his account as follows:

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सिधि श्री गनेसाय नमः । श्री सरुसते नमः । श्री परमगुरभे नमः । श्री जानुको बलमाइ नमः । अथ बनक-प्रिया लिखते। गुर गर्न कह सुखदेव, भी सरसुती बतायो भेव । बनिका प्रिया पनिक वंचियो, दिया उजिहार हाथ के यो ॥१॥ गोला पूरब पच विस, वारि बिहारीदास । तिनके सुत सुखदेव कहि, धनिक प्रिया प्रकाश ॥२॥ वनिकनि को वनिक प्रिया, भडसारि को हेत । मादि अंत श्रोता सुनो, मतो मत्र पो देत ॥३॥ माह मास कातक करे सवत् सोधे साठ । मते याह के जो चले, कबहूँ नै पावे घाट ॥४॥ फागुन देव दल जु पाइयो, मकल बस्तु सुरपति चाइयो ।
चार मास इहि रेहै प्राइ, पुन पताल सुता हो जाइ ।।५।। The instructions given to the businessmen ere as follows --
प्राधौ ऊपर प्राधौ तर, माधौ परहथ प्राधौ धरै । प्रेसो साहु साहुपति कर, देम विर्वजन मूख नहिं मरै ।।१४।। हसि कुल्हरिया पास हर खुरपा कहत किसान । पस पछी वरहाम में, हाथ न हथै किसान ॥ हाथ न हये किसान, ताहि कौद नहि दीजै । असुभ कर्म जेह करे, मो कागद लिख लोज ।। सपन ल दरवार बैठि ले विलसे रसिया ।
बहुत विधुचे हम सुनं सगति के हसिया ।।१८५।। In the end, the poet gave the date of completion of the work and before that he finished the work with his humble request -
मथ कवि की प्रार्थना विचारुमत्री मती न लाइयो, जौ मतु मानै कोई । बारह मास सुभ दसा अमुम पलनी होई । देखी सुनी सौ मै कही, वाचि सोख सुन लेक । ऐता फ कविता कहै, करै करमनु यारी होऊ ।।३१३।। जिहि जागा जैसो कही, तैसी कही न होत । तो पहि कहिये करमगति, दोस न दो मोह ॥३१॥

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सुख संपति दारिद्र दु.ख, होत प्रचीतो मानि ।
दीन मान की भावी, परे न कबहूँ जानि ॥३१५।। चौपई:-ग्रंट परे ते सिधि संचरे, केहरि परति पाई अनुसरै ।
कूमतिहि मित्र लाभ पर हरी, मती प्रकाल चक्र वाहिरो ॥३१६॥ दोहा:-देखी सूनी सो मैं कही, मंत्री जो मतिमान ।
शानि जाति जौन सबको, मागे की जान ॥३१७।। मतो हथियारु हाथ ले जोर, साहू शुभकरन करत करु मोर । मारग हान हर म्रन मानियो, दिल कुसाद हरख न वामियो ॥३१८।। कवि सोधे संवत सर साठ, इहि मत चले परे नहिं घाट । इहि मति अन्नु पेट भरि खाई, ऐही चीर न को यह राई ॥३१६।। बनिक प्रिया में सुम असुभ, सबही गयो बताई । जिहि जैसी नीकी लगे, तसी कोजे जाई ॥३२०॥ सत्रह से सत्रह वरस संवत सर के नाम ।
कवि करता सुखदेव कहि लेखक माया राम ।।३२१।। इति वनिकप्रिया सपून समाप्ता । भादो सुदि १२ सुक्रवासरे सवत १८५५ मुकामु छिरारि, लिवत लाला उदेत सीध राजमान छिरारी वाके जो वाचे ताको राम राम ।
लिखी जथाकत देखक, कहि उदेत प्रधाम,
जो वा, श्रवन नि सुनो, ताको मोर प्रनाम । 42. DOHA SATAKA:
It is also called •UPDESA DOHA' composed by Hemraja II, who was born in Sangāner (Jaipur) in the year 1668 A. D. It deals with various topics of gideral interest. It is'written in a very simple and plain language with on literary flourish The manuscript is in the Grantha Bhandar of Jain temple Tholia. Jaipur in a Gutaka number 636. There are 101 Dohas in the work. Some of the verses are given below:
दिघ्य दृिष्टि परकासि जिहि, जान्यो जगत अमेस । निसप्रेही निरदुद निति, बदो त्रिविध गनेस ॥१॥ कुपथ उथपि थापत सुपथ, निसप्रं ही निरगंथ । ऐसे गुरु दिनकर सरिस, प्रगट करत सिंवपंथ ।।२।। गनपति हृदय बिलासिनी, पार न लहै सुरेस ।' सारद पद नमि के कहो, दोहा हितोपदेस ॥३॥

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मातम सरिता सलिल जहं, सजम सील बखानि । तहाँ करहि मंजन सुधी, पहुचे पद निरवाणि ।।४।।
छद गत्त भर परथ को, जहां मसुधता होइ । तहा सुकवि प्रवलौकि के, करहु सुद सब कोइ ।।६।। उपनी सांगानेरि को, अब कामा गढ वास । तहा हेम दोहा रच, स्वपर बुद्धि परकास ॥६॥ कामांगढ सूबस जहां कीरतिसिंध नरेम । अपने खग वलि वसि किए, दुर्जन जितेक देस ।।६।। सतहसर पचीस को, बरनै सवत सार । कातिक सुदि तिथि पचमी, पूरन भयो विचार ॥१०॥ एक मागरे एक सौ, कीये दोहा छद । जो हित दे बाचं पर्द, ता उर बधै अनद ॥१०१।।
॥ इती हेमराज कृत दोहा सपूर्ण ॥
43. MANJHA:
This is a new work of the famous Jaina poet Banarsi dása of the 17th Century. It is an ethical work which puts before us the real picture of the world. The date of the work is not given but the name of the poet comes thrice in the work. The manuscript is housed in the Sastra Bhandar of Jaina temple Bādhi Canda-Jaipur. Some of the verses of the work are as follows.
माया मोह के तू मतवाला, तू विषया विषधारी । राग दोष पयो बस ठगी, चार कषायन भारी ।। कुरम कुंटव दीफा ही पायौ, मात तात सुत नारी । कहत दास बनारसी अल्प सुख कारने तो नर भव बाजी हारी ॥१॥ नर मोहार भकारज कीनो, समझन खेल्यो पासा । मानुष जनम प्रमोलक हीरा, हार गवायो खासा ।। चलो होय दुखदा भाजन, छाड सुखादी भासा । दसै दृष्टा ते मिलन दुहेला, नर भव गत विच वासा ।।२।। __ +
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Jaida Grantha Bhandara in Rajastian.
मत न कोह सहाइ तेरे, तू क्या पच पच मरदा । नरक निगोद दुःख सिर पर, पाह मकमूलन मरदा ।। जनम जनम विच होय विकाना, हथ विषया दे वरदा । केइ ऊमर मरवेसी भोंदू, मेरी मेरी करदा ।।१२।। गज सुखमाल सुणी जिनवाणी, सकल विषय तिन त्यागी । नमस्कार कर नेमिनाथ को, भए मसान विरागी ।। सन बसुरा मामन वच काया, सिधा पद लव लागो । कहत दास बनारसी, मत गढ केवली मुनत बुध के रागी ।।१३।।
॥ इति श्री माझा समाप्त। ।।
44. ADHYATMA SAWAIYĀ:
Adhyatma Sawaiya is a work of Rūpacandra, an Adhyatmik poet of 17th Century. The work has been discovered in the Jaina Sastra Bhandar of Tholia Jaina temple, Jaipur. This is a good work on Adhyatma or spiritualism The description is full of life. Not only with the point of language it is also work of high standard as regards literary beauty and manner of description. The poet describes
Atma, Parmatma and the world in a very simple method. It contains 102 stanzas of Sawaiya, Kundalia and Chappaya metres. Date of composition is not given in the work. The first Sawaiya in which importance of soul is described, is as follows:
मनुभो अभ्यास मै, निवास सुध चेतन को,
मनुमा सरूप सुष बोध को प्रकास है । अनुभी अनूप उपरहत अनत ग्यान,
अनुभौ पनीत त्याग ग्यान सुख रास है ।। मनुमौ अपार सार पाप हा को प्राप जाने,
प्रापहो मै व्याप दीस जामैं जड नास है । अनुभौ मरूप है सरूप चिदानद बद,
मनमो प्रतीत पाठ क्रमस्पो अफास है ॥१॥
In one of the stanza the poet describes the various qualities of noble persons in the following way:
परि प्रोगन परिहरै बरै गुनबंत गुन सोई। '
वित्त कोमल नित रहे, झूठ जाके नहीं कोई।

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सति वचन मुख कहे, पाप गुन पाप न बोले ।
सुगुरु वचन परतीत चित्त थे कदै न डोले । बोल सुबेन परिनिष्ठ सुन ईष्ट बैन सब सुख करै।
कहै चंद वसत जग फद मैं ए: सुभाव सजन धरै ।। In the words of the poet, foolish persons are just reverse of the noble persons -
जाके जीव परपच रंच मुख नाहि सजन को।
महा मोह मद लोन, फिर भूलो निज धन को। अवगुन गहि गुन तज, भजे कायर ज्यो रन मैं ।
सूर पनी निज नही, कही जानपनो निन मै। जिन मै न भेद परि आपको सो अजान पमु सारिखो ।
हिरदे हरप निज परख विन ए मू ढन को पारखो।
45. GORA BADAL KATHA:
Gora Badal Katha is a historical work of Jatmal Nahar who was a 17th Century poet. His father Dharms was the resident of Lahore The work deals with the story of Goră and Badal, famous warriors of Udajpur and who fought with emperor Allauddin for the sake of King Ratan Sena of Udaipur who fell in love with Padmini and brought her from Ceylon. This is a Rajasthani work. The story of the work has been borrowed from Jāyası's PADMAVATA which was written in 16th A.D. Century. Gora Badal Katha was completed in the year 1623 A. D. The manuscript is preserved in the Grantha Bhandar of Fatehpur. The poet mentioned his name and also his father's name in one of the stanza:
जिहा राज राज अलीग्वान गाजी खान न सरनद । मिरदार सकल पठारण माही ज्यू नखेत्र मै चद ।। धरसी को नद जटमन, जात नाहर ताम । जिन कही कथा वनाय करि बिच सबला मै ठान ।।
The work is full of Vira Rasa but in some places where the beauty of Padmini has been described. SRANGARA RASA" has also bern used. Raghava describes the qualities of Padmini's beauty before Allauddin as.under'
पद्मावति मुखचद पदम सम गंध जु प्रावति । भवर भमै चहू पोर देख सुर..प्रमुर लुभावति ।।

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गुल सतरि परिचा सातउ वसहि सुर्दार नारि । चौडी चौव दाहो होय इमी चीत लाय सवारि ॥ मृग नयन वयन कोकिल सरस केहर लकी कामिनी । अधर लाल हीरा दमन, मोह धन गज गामिनि ||२६| पदमावति के गुन सुने चढी चुप चोतलाय ।
विन देख्या पदमावति
जनम इक्यारथ जाय ||३०||
The manuscript of the work was witten in the year 1830 A. D. by Sewaka Jogidasa on the request of Sravaka Rama Narain. The beginning and end of the work are as follows:
खड
मभार ।
राजान ।
श्री गणेशायनमः । अथ गौरा बादल की कथा लिख्यते ।। चरण कमल चित लायके, समरु सारद माय । करि कथा बनाय कैरि, प्ररणमु सद्गुरु पाय || १ || जंबु दीप दीपा मिरे, मरथ नगर बढौ चित्तोड है, माठ कोस विसतार ||२|| राज करें रानो तिहां रतनसेन मव नकोसी कुना करें, अगडी मरद चौहाण || ३ | नगर बst चित्तोड है, गढनी पर ही बक । नाहि नाम तिहां साह को करें जु राज निसक ||४|| + + -+सवत सौलासे प्रमीये समै, फागुन पुन्य मास । वीरा र संगार रस, कहीयो जटमल सबै ताहि मडोल अवचल सुखी सब लाय । उछाह मानद होत घर घर दुखी नाहित कोय ।। २१२ ।। जिहा राज राजे अलीखान गाजी खानन सरनद । निरदार सकल पठारण माही ज्यु नखेत्र मै चद ।। धरमसी को नद जटमल जात नाहर ताम । जिन कही कथा बनाय करि विच सवला मै ठाम ।। २१३ ।। कहता आनद ऊपजै, सुनता प्रानद होय । जो कोइ कहै गुम जना, तो बहु हरषित लोय ॥ २१४ ॥ चालीस सहस घोडा भुवा, दोय सहस सिरदार । एक लाख मुबा प्रादमी, हाथी आठ
तास ।।२११।।
हजार ।। २१५ ।।

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मारघा मुगल पठाण, दोन लाख दफतर चढ्या । भोर बोहोत दीया जाण, जहा तृण लीना मुख मैं ॥२१६॥ सा को हुवो चीसोड मैं, चौड कोयो जग ।
दाद फुरमाइ साह, तब कहै होहु तुव रग ।।२१।। इति गोरा बादल की कथा सपूर्ण । सवत् १८८६ का मिति भासाढ शुदि १४ रविवासरे लिखत सेवग जोगीदास लीखायत श्रावग रामनारागा मुत. बालचद ।
46. DHARMA PARIKSA:
Jt was translated into Hindi prose by Dasaratha Nigotia in Sanhvat 1718 i, e, in 1661 A. D. The original work which was composed by Amitigati is in Sańskut. The author has tried to translate each word of Samskrit in easy Hindi prose.
The manuscript belongs to the Sästra Bhandär of Jaina temple Bada Mandir, Jaipur. The language of the work is Rajasthani. The beginning and the end of the work are as follows:--
मगलाचरण
श्रीमान कहता शोमा विराजमान । यदीय. कहता जिह को बोधमय । प्रदीपः कहता केवल जान रूपी दीवो । जिहि दीप करि नमस्व त्रय तु गशान कहता पावन तीन सपन्नौ ऊ चो छ शाल कोटजिहि को अमौ जगत । लोक सम्पद्धो गृहे घर तिहि घरने समततो कहता सर्वथा प्रकागि । उद्योतयते कहता उद्योतित कियौ ई ज्यहां तीर्थकर देवा. ते तीर्थकर देवा नः अस्माक कहता म्हाको श्रेय कहता विभूति के मथि मवतु कहतां होऊ। भावार्थ-प्रसो जु ज्ञान सम्पन्ना दीवा करि तोन लोक सम्पन्नो घर उद्योनित कियो छ ज्याह के तीर्थकर
म्हाने ज्ञान सम्पत्ती श्री को दाता हो । तीर्थकर ने नमकार कीयो मागे सिद्धाने करमी।
श्री विक्रम पाथिव राजा ने सनंतर वरम अधिक हजार बरम गया । यौह शास्त्र अन्यमत न निषधि करि श्री जिनेन्द्र धर्म अमृत करि युक्त शास्त्र मपूर्ण ।
दोहाः -साह श्री हेमराज सुत, मातु हमीर द जाणि ।
कुल निगोत श्रावक धर्म, दशरथ ताबखाणि ।।१।। सवत् सतरामै सही, अष्टादश प्रधिकाय । फागुणतम एकादशी, पूरण भई सुभाय ।।२।।

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312 1
Jaiba Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
धर्मपरीक्षा बनिका, सुदरदास सहाय । साधर्मी जन समझित, दशरथ कृत चितलाय ।।
इति श्री अमितिगति कृत धर्म परीक्षा मूल तिह की वनिका बालबोधानाम पर नाम तात्पर्यार्था टीका तज्ञ धर्मार्थी दशरथेन कृता समाप्ता विशति एक परिच्छेद: सपूर्णः ।
47. HARIVANSA PURANA BHASA:
This is a Rajasthani prose translation of Harivansa Purāņa written by Ācārya Jinasena in Sanskrit. It is a Jaina Mahābhārata. The translation is in Rajasthani prose. The manuscript was copied in Samvat 1671 (1614 A. D.). This shows that the work was written prior to the 17th Century. Such a good and voluminous work in Rajasthāni prose has not been found so far. Two pieces of the prose are given below:
पत्र स० १६८ तिणी प्रजोध्या नउ हेमरथ राजा राजपाले छइ । तेह राजा नइ धारणी राणी छइ । तेह न उ भाव धर्म उपरि घरणउ छइ । तेहनी कुषि ते कुभर पठाइ उपनौ । तेहन उ नाम बुधुकीत जाणिवउ । ते पुणु कुमर जाखे सिस समान छई । इमकरता ते कुमर जोवन भरिया । तिवारइ पिताइ नेहन राज मार थाप्यउ । तिवारइ तेग जाना सुख भोगवता काल प्रति क्रमइ छइ । बली जिण धर्म घ गृ करइ छई।
पत्र सख्या ३७१
नागश्री जे नरक गई थी। तेहनी कथा साभलउ । तिणी नरक माहि थी। जे जीवनी कलियः । पछइ मरी रोइ सप्पं भयउ । सयभूरमरिण द्वीपा माहि पछइ ते तिहा पाप करिवा लागउ । पछई बनो तिहा थको मरण पाम्यो । बीजे नरक गई तिहां तिन सागर प्रायु भोग वी छेदन भेदनतापन दु:ख भोगवी । बली तिहां थकी ते निकलियउ । ते जीव पछइ चम्पा नगरी चाडाल नइ घरि पुत्री उपनी सेहा निच कुल अवतारु पाम्यउ । पछइ ते एक बन माहि तिहा उवर वीणीवा लागी ।
48. HINDI COMMENTARY ON BHAKTAMARA STOTRA:
There are several commentaries available on the famous Bhaktāmara Stotra. They are in Samskrit as well as in Hindi. A translation in Hindi poem written by Hemrāja is also available and is already famous. But commentary written in Hindi prose by Hemraja (17th Century) was not available so far and this has been discovered in the Mahavira Grantha Bhandar of Bonds. An example of Hindi prose is as follows:

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किलं ग्रहमपितं प्रथमं जिनेद्र स्तोष्ये किलाह निश्वय करि ग्रहमपि मै भी जु हों मानतुंग नाम प्राचार्य सो तं प्रथमं जिनेद्र सो जु हो प्रथम जिनेन्द्र श्रीश्रादिनाथ ताहि स्तोष्ये स्तवू गा । कहाकरि स्तोत्र करोंगी । जिनपाद युगं सम्यक् प्रणम्य जिन जु हैं भगवान तिनि को जु पद जुग दोई चरण कमल ताहि सम्यक् भाति मन वचन काया करि प्रणम्य नमस्कार करि के कंसो है भगवान को चरण द्वय भक्तामर प्रणतमौलिमणिप्रभारगां उद्योतक भक्तिवत जु है भ्रमर देवता तिनिकी प्ररणत नस्त्रीभूत जु है मौलि मुकुट तिन विषे जु है मरिण तिनिकी जु प्रभा तिनिका उद्योतक उद्योतक है। यद्यपि देव मुकुटनिका उद्योत कौटि सूर्यवत् है तथापि भगवान के चरण नख की दीप्ति भ्रागे वै मुकुट प्रभा रहित हो है तांती भगवान को चरण द्वय उनका उद्योतक है । बहुरि कैसी है चरण द्वय दलित पाप तमो वितानं दलित गरि कियो है पाप रूप तम प्रन्धकार ताको वितान समूह जाने । बहुरि कैसी है चरण द्वय युगादौ भव जले पततां जनानां मालवनं युगादौ चतुर्थ काल की प्रादि विषै भव जले ससार समुद्र जल विषै पततां पडे जुहै । जनानां मनुष्य तिनको मालवन भालवन है जिहाज समान है त क सो श्रादिनाथ कौन है जाको स्तोत्र में करोगी स्तोत्र: य सुरलोकनाथै स्तुतः स्तोत्रेः स्तोत्र हु कग्यिः जो श्रीश्रादिनाथ सुरलोक नाथै सुरलोक देवे लौक के नाथ इन्द्र तिनि करि संस्तुत स्तूयमान भया कैसे है इन्द्र सकल वाङ् मय तत्वोवधादुद्भूत बुद्धि पभिः सकल समस्त जु हैं वाङमय दशांग तिनका जु तत्व स्वरूप तिसका जु वोष ज्ञान तातै उद्भूत उत्पन्न है प्रकट बुद्धि ता करि पटुभि. प्रवीण है वे स्तोत्र कैसे हैं जिन करि स्तुति करी जगत्रिय उदारः प्रथं की गम्भीरता करि श्रेष्ठ ॥२॥
The last Doha of the work in which the author mentions his name runs as under --
अन्तिमः - भक्तामर टीका को सदा पढ़े सुन जो कोई ।
हेमराज सिव सुख लहै तम मन वछित हाइ ।
।। इति श्री भक्तामर स्तोत्र टीका समाप्तम् ॥
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49. NĀSAKETA PURĀNA---
Nåsaketa purana of Näsketopakhyāna is a very interesting and popular story The original story is in Samskrit which was translated into Hindi prose by. Nanda Dasa for his students. The date of compositian of the work is not given but it appears that it is a work of 17th Century A. D. The language of the work is not hiterary but it is described in a very simple language Sadal Misra's NASIKETOPAKHYAN, which was written in the 19th Century has the influence Sadal Misra's of Nand Dasa's work. One example of Hindi Näsiketopakhyān is given below:
prose from

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314 ]
Jaina Grantha Bhandara in Rejasthan.
इस प्रकार से नसिकेत मुनियम की पूरी सहित नरक का वर्णन कर फिर जोन जोन कर्म किए से जो भोग होता है सो सब ऋषियो को सुनाने लगे कि गौ, ब्राह्मण, माता, पिता, मित्र, बालक, स्त्री, स्वामी, वृद्ध, गुरु इनका जो बध करते है वो झूठी साक्षी भरते, झूठे ही कर्म मे दिन रात लगे रहते हैं ।
Hindi Säkitya ka Itihasa P. 422
One example from the book:
गुसाईजी येक कथा तुमसो कहु । जो प्राणी या पाछे चोरो करत हैं तीन को प्रसन कहत है। पौर कोई वेद पुराण की पोथी मै । पर गुण मुस गुणं मट गुण भेद होई सो प्राणी काछवा की जोरणी पावत है। पौर परा यो सूत कु पास कर तो कीरं प्राणी काछवा की जोणी पावत है।
P.67
The work belongs to the Grantha Bhandar of Jaina temple Badhicanda, Jaipur. The work completes in 74 pages. The last portion of the text is as under:
या कथा प्रादी प्रती सो कही है। सहसकीती की टीका है। नंददासजी आपणा सीख को भाषा करी सुणाइ है सो या कथा पुनी बीच है सो प्राणी समत है । ताको कोलाण होत है। सवीधान रहत है।
इति श्री नासकेत पुराण ममसत गे रवीमभादे नासकेतु कथा सपुरण । लीखत कालुराम राजोरा छाजुराम का बेटा । ते वाचें तीन राम राम बच । मी० चेत बुदी १० सवत् १७८६ भामरी महाराजा श्री सवाई जैसंगजी वैम य वरम दोई हुमा तलवाणी मै ज अमल महाराजा श्री प्रणदरामजी को।
50 ALANKARA MALA -
This is a Hindi work on Alankára Šāstra. It was composed by Sürat Misra in the year 1709 A, D. The manuscript is in the collection of Jaina Grantha Bhandar of Jaisalmer. This is a very simple book on this subject. The poet lived in Agrå and was a Kanaujia Brahmin by caste. The last portion of the work in which the poet gives his own account and the date of the work is as follows:
मलकारमाला करी, सूरत मन सुख दाय । परनत बूक परी लखौ, लीजै सुकवि बनाय ॥४८॥ सूरतमित्र कनौजिया, नगर भागर वास । रच्यो ग्रन्थ तिह भूषन, नवल विवेक बिलास ॥४॥

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संवत् सतरहसे वरस, छासठ सावन मास । सुरगुर सुद एकादशी, कीनो ग्रन्थ प्रकास ॥५०॥ प्रलकारमाला जु यह, पढे सुनै चितलाय । बुद्धि समा वर वीनती, ताहि देत हरिराय ॥५१॥
त श्री सूरतमिश्र विरचिते अलकार माला सपूर्ण । पाहडसर मध्य । SI. BHATTĀRAKA PATTĀVALI.
This is a detailed account of Bhattāraka Kśemendra Kirti beginning from Saṁvat 1697 to 1756 (1640 to 1699 A D.) written in Hindi prose. The manuscript is preserved in the Sastra Bhandar of Sambhava Nátha Jaina temple, Udaipur. The description begins with Bhattāraka Devendra Kirti who breathed his last in Samvat 1730. (1673 A. D) His pupil Pandit Ksema who afterwards became Bhattaraka by name of Ksemendra Kirth was born in Samvat 1697. (1640 A. D.) At the age of seven he took some vows from Bhattaraka Devendra Kirli. It gives the full account of Kśema Kirti where he was born, who were his parents, with whom he read, when he became Brahamacari and Bhattāraka, in which places he travelled and in which villages and towns he finished his rainy season Every event of his life has been described in detail It begins as under -
श्री जिनाय नमः सवत् १६६७ वर्षे मार्गशीर्ष सुदी ३ शुक्र पडित क्षेमानु जन्म भीलौडा नगरे माहा खातु प्रा वाई गागबाई गृहै । सवत् १७०४ वर्षे वैशाख सुदि १ दिनै प्राचार्य श्री देवेन्द्रकीति पामि पडित क्षेमो मरणवा रह्यो पाछि सवत १७१३ वर्षे फागरण मूदि३ दिने श्री शलू वर नगर मध्ये मदारक श्री देवेन्द्रकीति योग्य जीणीव ५० क्षमानि अणुव्रत दीक्षा दीधी त्याहा दोमी मेहा मुत जीवा जगा गोवा शख जीएणे श्री बिब प्रतिष्ठा करीनि प्रजलि झल्यो । ब्रह्म क्षेमा एहवुनाम धरीनि भट्टारक देवेन्द्रकीतियि स्वशिष्यं करीनि पासि वर्ष १४ राखीन पदयोग्य जागीनि सकल शास्त्रना उपदेश दीधा ।
-...
.

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APPENDIX. 1
Some of the Important --JAINA GRANTHA BHANDĀRS SITUATED OUTSIDE RĀJASTHÂN:
S. No. Name of the Grantha Bhandar
Place
--do
1. Saraswati Bhavan Digambar Jain Mandir Masjid Khazoor. Delhi Grantha Bhandār D. Jaina Nayā Mandır,
Delhi D. Jaina Mandir Setha Kuca
Delhi -do
-doDharampura
Delhi 5. Vira Sewa Mandır, Dariya Ganj
Delhi Grantha Bhandar D. Jaina Mandır Ríkhabdāsajt
Delhi -do
-do-- Karolbagh
Delhi -do--
--doBedawada
Delhi -do
Subzımandi
Delhi do--do
Pånipat Il. do..-do--
Sonipat 12 Grantha Bhandár D. Jana Mandir
Rohtak 11. -do--
--doMoti Katla,
Agra 14 -do
.-do
Belangan) -do
--do
Gudadi Mansurkhan -do
Kacbari Ghat 17 -do
--do--
Namak ki Mandi --do
--do
Rajāmandi -do
-do
Dhulia Ganja Grantha Bhandar D. Jāina Mandır, Nåı ki Mandi, Sweatambar Vijay Dharma Laxmi Gyāna Bhandar, Belangınj,
Aligarh 22. Grantha Ghandár D. Jaina Panciyati Mandır, 23.
Itawah --do-- -do24 --do--
Khurja --do--
Bárábanki 25, ---do-do--
Mainpuri -do-- -doGrantha Bhandar D Jaina Panciyati Mandir
Aligadja
Saharanapur --do-- -do29.
Firozabad --do-- --doGrantha Bhandar Digambar Jaina Mandir Balat-Kårgana, Karadja Sena Gapa
-do-- --do
-do32. Grantha Bhanda Pancāyati Mandır,
Indore 33. Amar Granthälaya Tukoganja
27.
30.
31.

Page #334

318)
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
S. No. Name of the Grantha Bhandar
Place
34. Grantha Bhandar, D. Jaina Mandir, Hanumantallă. Jabbalpur 35. --doD. Jaina Pancayali Mandir,
-do-do
Katni 37. Grantha Bhandar D. Jaina Pårsvanātha Mandir
Khandvā 38. --doD. Jaina Mandir,
Gaurjhämar 39. -do. Pancāyati Mandır,
Chhindawără 40. --doD. jaina Mandır,
Tikamgarh -do
Narsinghpura Saraswati Bhawan, -do
Panagar (Devarı M. P.) 43. -do D. Jaina Mandir
Bamora 44. do -do
Bina -doPancāyati Mandir
Sagar 46. Digambar Bhațțărkiya Bhandar
Gwalior Grantha Bhandar Digambar Panciyati Mandır
-do-do-- D. Jaina temple
Gună 49. -do-- --do--
Canderi 50. -do-- --do--
Chapra -doBadā Mandir
Calcutta 52. --doPurani Bidi
-do-- 53. Muni Vijay Sastra Bhandar
Calcutta 54. Vijay Nemi Sūrisvar Gyāna Bhandar (Swet ambar) Ahmedabad 55. Vijay Sidhi-do- --do-- 56 Delāno Bhandir (Cancala Bhai Bhandar) 57. Hans Vijay Manuscript Library 58. Mohanlal Manuscript Library 59 Vardhamana Pustakalaya 60 Megh Vijay Sastra Sangrah 61. Kusumamunio Bhandar 62. Vira Vilay Gyana Bhandar 63. Daya Vimala Gyāna Bnandár 64 Nemi Sagar Upasraya Bhandar 65. Uttam Bhăi Dharmasalino Bhand? 66. Vimala Gacha Upasaraya Bhandar 67. Jaina Saraswati Bhawan 68. Gyāna Vardhaka Pustakalaya 69. Vijay Nemisvara Gyans Bhandar
Khambhat 70. Sånti Natha Gyāna Bhandar 71. Jaina Sala Gvāna Bhandar 72. Subodh Pustakalaya

Page #335

Material for Research
| 319
S. No. Name of the Grantha Bhandar
Place
Khambhat
Patan
87.
73. Gyāda Vimal Süri Bhandar
(Swetambar) 74. Muni Lal Yatino Bhandar 75. Bhaunyara Padśno Bhandar 76. Nstivijay Bhandar 77. Hari Sagar Gyana Bhandar 78. Shyama Lal Jaina Bhandar 79. Bhagwan Dasa Jyotişa Bhandar 80. Sanghavi Padano Bhandar 81. Foflià Vadā Bhandar 82. Vakbatji Sūri Bhandar 83. Vadi Parsvanatha Bhandar 84. Agalisūri Bhandar 85. Bhabha Pāļa Bhandar 86. Sågar Upāsaraya Bhandar
Makı Modi Bhandar 88. Vastā Mānek Bhandar 89. Khastarvasi Bhandar 90. Mahalaxmi padā Bhandar 91. Advasi Pādā Bhandar 92. Himmat Vijaya Collection 93. Lavanya Vijaya Collection 94. Hemcandrācārya Sabha Bhandar 95. Jainănanda Pustakālaya 96. Mohanlalji Gyāna Bhandar 97. Jina Dutta Sūrt Gyānā Bhandar 98. Hukamamuni Gyana Bhandar 99 Devācanda Lal Bhāı Library 100. Dalu Bhai Amar Canda Gyana Bhandar 101. Madan Bhai Pratäp Canda Library 102. Dharmanathāno Mandır Gyāna Bhandar 103. Nemi Canda Milap Canda Upăsaraya Bhandar 104. Ādināthano Mandır Gyāna Bhandar 105, Cintamani Pårsvanātha Mandir Gyana Bhandar, 106. Jaina Upasaraya Gyana Bhandar 107, Simandhara Swamino Gyäna Bhandar 108. Digambara Jaina Panciyatı Mandir
Gyāna Bhandar 109. Kadvamati Gacha Bhandar
(Swetambar) 110. Bhana Khushålno Bbandar
Sürat
Radhanpur

Page #336

320)
Jaias Grantha Beangars ta ketasthan
S. No Name of the Granthn Bdandár
Plaoe
Radhānpur (Bombay)
Bombay
Viranagar
Sinand
111. Sågar Gachano Bhandar (Swetambar) 112. Tâmboli Serino Bhandar 113. Vijay Gachano Bhandar 114. Jaya Vijay Jaina Pustakalaya 115. Vira Vijaya Gyana Bhandar 116, Santinatha Derāśardo Bhandar 117. Godi Muno Bhandar 118. Anantanāthji Derāśarno Bhandar 119. Mohanlāji Jaina Library 120. Pannā Lal Digambara Jaina Saraswati Bhavan
(Digmbar) 121. Grantha Bhandar Candra Prabha
Digambar Jaina Mandir, Bhulesvar 122. Måņak Canda Hırácanda Digmbar
Jaina Bhandar 123. Adınātha Deräśarno Bhandar (Swetāmbar) 124. Viranagar Jaina Gyāna Bhandar 125. Bhoya Gachano Bhandār 126. Vijaya Anand Gyānn Bhandár 127. Gyānodaya Pustakālaya 128. Sri Jaina Sangha Gyāna Bhandar 129. Sumauratna Süri Library 130. Aştāpada Gyana Bhandar 131. Māņak Bhai Gyana Bhandăr 132. Mithabhai Upasaraya Bhandār 133. Amar Vijay Gyåna Bhandar 134. Mukta Bhai Gyāna Bhansar 135. Amar Vijay Gyana Bhandar 136. Sagar Gacha Bhandas 137. Adisvara Derasarno Bhandar 138. Anupcanda Malakcanda Bhandar 139. Devardhi Gani Kśema Sramana
Gyāor Bhandar 140. Anandji Klyanji Bhandar 141. Yasovijayji Gurukul Gyāna Bhandar 142. Kapür Vijayji Bhandar 143. Jaina Āgam Sahitya Mandir 144. Vira Bhai Pathasala Bhandar 145. Moti Tai Bhandar
Dhundhāva Godhavi
Kheda Kapadá Van
Haloi
Sinore Bhaipa
Palitāna

Page #337

Material for Research
1321
S. No. Name of the Grantha Bhandar
Place
Canasma Gingūvāda Jamnagar
Limbdi Baroda
Chine
Bijapur Viramgånva
146. Niti Vijai Gyan Bhandar
(Swetambar) 147. Umed Khāti Gyana Bhandar 148. Vinaya Vijay Gyana Bhandar 149, Jainănand Gyåna Mandir 150. Anandji Kalyānji Gyana Bhandar 151. Kasti Vijaya Bhandar 152. Atmärāmji Gyāna Bhandar 153. Muktikamal Mohan Gyana Bhandar 154. Sri Sangh Gyāna Bhandāt 155. Vira Vijaya Sāstra Sangrah 156. Vijaya Labdhı Süu śāstra Sangrah 157. Kiru Vijay Bhandai 158. Sanghāno Sangrah 159. Budhi Sāgar Suri Gyana Mundir 160. Sambhavanātha Gyāna Bhandar 161. Jaida Dharma Vijya Pustakālaya 162 Digambar Jain Bhattarkıya Granth Bhandar 163. Kśama Sāgarji Šāstra Sangrah (Swetambar) 164 Jaina Āimānand Pustakalaya 165. Sumatı Ratani Suri Bhandar 166. Bhāgya Ratna Bhandar 167. Gambhira Vijaya Bhandar 168 Deśabhar Abhar Canda Bhandir 169. Lalit Vijaya Gyana Bhandar 170. Prem Canda Ratancanda Bhandar 171, Vardhi Candra Bhandār 172. Sanghano Bhandār 173. Kastūrasagar Bhandar 174 Vastu Sāgar ihandar 175. Maganlal Becardasa Bhandar 176. Jaina Dharam Pracāraka Sabha Bhandar 177 Sri Sangha Bhandār 178. Keśara Vijava Bhandar 179. Jaina Sangha Bhandar 180. Grantha Bhandar Digambara Jaina Panciyati Mandir 181. --do-- 182. Digmbar Jaina Siddhānta Bhavan 183. Digmbar Ādinātha Grantha Bhandar 34. Grantha Bhandar Digmbar Jaida Majha
Idar Jälimori Poona
Aida
Bhavnagar
Ghogha advani
Solapur Mood Bidri

Page #338

322
)
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan
S. No. Name of the Grantha Bhandar
Plaoc
185. Grantha Bhandar Digmbar Jaina Matha 186, Digmbar Jaina Siddhanta Bhavan 187. Grantha Bhandar Bhattāraka Jaina Matha 188. Digmbar Jain Bhattārkiya Grantha Bhandar
Karkal Arrah (Bihar)
Kolhapura Sravanbelgolā

Page #339

APPENDIX. II
SOME OF THE EARLIER WRITTEN MANUSCRIPTS PRESERVED IN BHATTARKIYA GRANTHA BHANDAR, NÄGAUR
S. No. Name af the work
Gyǎnǎrnava Sarvärthasiddhi
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
-do
Vardhamana Kavya*
Varanga Caritra
Kirātārjuniya -do
Gita Govinda
Dhanyakumar Caritra
Madana Parajaya
Raghuvansa
(with commentary)
Yasodhara Caritra -do
Sisupala Vadha
Bhavisya Datta Caritra
Caritrasăra
Sågar Dharmamrata
SAMSKRIT
Author's Name
Subhacandra Pujyapåda
-do
Asaga
Vardhamånadeva
Bhārvi
-do
Jayadeva
Gunabhadra
Jinadeva
Kālīdāsa
commentary by
Sumati Vijay
Sakal Kirti
-do
Magha Kavi
Śridhara
Ratanbhūṣana
Asadhar
Date of the manuscript
1491 A. D.
1474
1534
1437
1529
1339
1635
1498
1495
1487
1472
1499
1598
1608
1446
1462
1464
..
23
33
".
39
39
27
19
29
92
13
91
92
23
Note: "The manuscript was written by Bhattaraka Padmanandi in Tambore
village.

Page #340

324)
Jajna Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthăn.
PRAKRIT & APABHRAMSA:
S. No. Name of the work
Author's Name
Date of the manuscript
1.
Tulokasära Vrutti
1475 A. D.
Samayasăra
Viitti
1495 1550
,
*Varānga Catiu (A) Parmatma Prakāśa (A) with Vritti -doPravacanasāra (P) Rohini Vidhāna (A) Jasahara Cariu
-doMūlacăra (P) --do- (P) Nāya Kumār Cariu (A) Panca Sangraha (P) Bhavişayatta Cariu (A) Pajjunna Cariu (A) Dhamma Parikkhā (A) Dravya Sangraha (P)
Ācārya Nemicandra Țika by Munindra Candra. Ācārya Kunda Kunda Vritti by Amrita Candra Tejapāla Yogindra Tika by Brahmadeva -doKundakundācārya Devanandi Puşpadanta -do Vattakeră cărya --doPuspadanta Nemicandra
1383 1407 1484 1462 1505 1501 1462 1338 1441 1482
1520 1539 1520 1435
17.
Dhanapala Sidha Kavi Harisena Nemicandra with commentary by Brahmadeva Mahakavi Vira Nemicandra
18. 19.
1570 1438
Jambu Swami Cariu (A) Gommatiasāra (P) Karakandu Cariu (A) Sukumāl Cariu (A) --do-- Sudansana Cariu (A)
21 22 27
Muni Kanakamar Pornabhadra ---deNayanandı --do--
1468 1524 1584 1511 1467
24.
Note *The work was composed in Samvat 1607 (1550 A. D.) Vaišākha
Sudhi 6.and this manuscript was copied in Sarıvat 1607 (1550 A. D) Jesta Sudi 3 i, e. just after 27 days of its completion,

Page #341

Material for Research
(325
S. No. Name of the work
Where available
Author's Name
Date of composition
1 5.
2 Săvaya Dhammadohā
Devasena
933 A. D.
Amer Sastra Bhandar Jaipur
6. Mahăpurāņa 7. Näya Kumar Cariu 8. Ja sahara Cariu 9. Pāsa Purana 10. Dhamma Parikkha 11. Pāhuda Dohā
Puspadaata 10th Century -do
-do-do
--doPadma Kirti 942 A. D. Harişeņa 983 A. D. Muni Råmsingh 1000 A. D.
12.
Vilās Vai Kaha
Sådharna Kav 1066 A. D.
--do-doBhattarkiya Grantha Bhandar Någaur Brihad Gyāna Bhandar Jaislmer Grantha Bhandar Terapanthi Mandir, Jaipur Amer Sastra -do--do--- --do
13.
Harivansa Puri ne
Dhaval
11th century
10
Vira Kavi Nayanandi --doKankamar Sricandra
1019 A. D.
1043 A. D. 11th century
1065 A, D, 11th Centutury -do1217 A. D.
14. Jambu Swami Cariu 15. Sudansana Cariu 16. Sayalvihivihan Kavya 11. Karakandu Cariu 18. Ratna Karanda
Srāvakácår 19. Katha Koşa 20. Chakkammovayesa
Purandar Vidhan
Katha 22. Sukumal Cariu 23. Påsaņāha Cariu 24. Bbavişyatta Cariu 25, Sulocană Cariu 26. Kala Swarup Kulak
--do
-doAmarkirti
--do
21.
-do-- -do
---do
13th Century Vivudha Sridhara 12-13th ,, Sridhar
1139 A, D. Śridhar
1173 A. D. Gani Devasena --doJinadattasuu 12th
--doBrihad Gyana Bhandar Jaisalmer -do--- --do-do--
27. Carcart 28. Vairágyasära 29. Sri Sthulibhadra
Phåga 30. Neminatha Catusa
Padika 31. Nemináha Cariu
-do
-do-- Suprabhācārya --doJina Padma 12th-13th Suri Vinayacandra Sari
-doHaribhadrasuri -do
--do-- --do

Page #342

326
)
Jaina Grantha Bhandats ia Rajasthån.
S. No. Name of the work
Author's Name
Date of the manuscript
25.
1513 A. D.
26.
1519
,
Samskrit Commentary on Sudaņsana Cariu (A)(This was written by Muni Padma Kirti) Sulocană Cariu (A) Ganidevasena Swami KartiKeyanuprekşå (P)
Kartikeya Vaddhamana Kavya (A)
Jayamitra hala --do
-do
1467
1478
-do
29.
(A)-Apabhramsa works (P;-Pråkrit works.
APPENDIX. III
Some of the Apabhraṁsa works which ar preserved
in the Grantha Bhandārs of Rajasthän
--#
0.
S No. Name of the work
Where available
Author's Name
Date of composition
12 1. Paumcanu
Svayambhu
9th Century
(AD)
2
Ritthagemi Cariu
--do
Amer Sastra Bhandar Jaipur Grantha Bhandås Jaina Temple Badhi Canda Jaipur Amer Sastra Bhandar Jaipur -do
3.
Paramappayāsu
Yogindu
8th-9th Century (A. D.) -do
4.
Yogasåra

Page #343

Material for Research
| 327
S. No. Name of the work
Where available
Author's Name
Date of composition
3
12 32. Sanat Kumar Cariu
Haribhadrasuri 12th-13th
Century Palha Kavi Sinha Kavi 13th
33. 34.
Gurupanivadi Pajjunna Cariu
Brhad Gyāna Bhandar Jaisalmer
--doAmer Sastra Bhandār Jaipur
-do
35. 36.
Candraprabha Cariu Påndava Purana Harivansapurana Uvaesamāla Kalyana
-doYasah Kirti --doVinaya Candra
12th-13th 15th 15th 13th
37
38.
Bhattarkiya Grantha Bhandar Nāgaur
-do-- --do
--do-- --do
13th --do
40
41 42 43. 44. 45.
Cunari Rasa Nirjhar Pancani Kahā Rása Jinayatta Cariu Mallināha Kavya Vaddhamana Kavya Śrenika Cariu Nemināha Cariu
lākhu or Laxmana-doJayamıtrahala -do--do
-do--do
--doLaxmina Deva 14th
46. Sugandha Dasami Katha Vimal Kirti 47. Sip? la Caniu
Narsena
--do
--do-- --do--do--
-doGrantha Bhandar Jaina Temple Patodi, Jaipur
-doAmer Sastra Bhandar Jaipur . - doBhasțārkiyt Grantha Bhandar Någaur Graptha Bhandár Jaina Temple Terapanthi Jaipur
48 49.
Vaddhamāna Kaha Jina Ratri Vidhāna Kahā
-do-do--
-do
50.
Asavāla
Pisanáha Cariu
51. Madana Parajaya 52. Bihubali Canu
Hardeva Dhanpal
--do-- --do
53. 54.
Bhavisa Yatta Kaha Sanmarinaba Cariu
-doSubhakirti
-do-- --do
Amer Sastra Bhandar Jaipur
-doBhajfarkiya Grantha Bhandar Nagaur

Page #344

328 ]
1
55.
56.
59.
60.
61.
57.
Munisubratanuprekśā
58. Sambhavanäha Cariu
62.
66.
2
Rohani Vidhan
67.
68.
69.
70.
Daśa Laksana Kahā
71.
63. Harivansa Purāņa
64.
65.
Varänga Cariu
Pasaṇāha Cariu
Sukumal Cariu
Dhamma Parikkha
Parmesti Prakasa Săra Yogasăra
Santinäha Cariu
Nemiņaha Cariu Candappaha Cariu
Sripāla Cariu
Ajiyanǎha Purana
Sanmati Jina Cariu
Name
3
Devanandi
Sukauśala Cariu
Puuyasrava Katha
Hari Candra
Yogadeva Tejapāla
-do
-do
Pūrṇabhadra
Śrutakirti
--do
-do
-do
Mahieandra
Damodar
-do
-do-
Vijaysingh
Raidhu
72.
-do
73.
-do
74.
Vritta Săra
-do
75.
-do
Apathami Katha Sidhäntärthasăra
76.
-do
77.
-do
Samayktva Kaumudi 78, Şoḍaşa Karan Jayamala -do
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan
composition
4
14th Century
-do-
-do
-do-
15th Century Grantha Bhandar Jain Temple Diwanji Jaipur
1450 A. D.
1458 A. D.
-do
15th Century
-do
-do
--do
--do
-do
-do
-do
-op
5
Bhaṭṭārkiya Grantha Bhandar Nagaur
Grantha Bhandar
Kāmā
-do
-do
-do
Amer Śăstra
Bhandar Jaipur Bhattarklya Sastra
Bhandar Nagaur -do
-doGrantha Bhandar Jain Temple Terapanthi
Mandir Jaipur
Bhattǎrkiya
Grantha Bhanḍār Nagaur
--do
-do
-do
Grantha Bhandar
D-Jaina Mandir
Parsvanatha Jaipur
Bhattarklya Sastra Bhandar-Nagaur -do
-do
-do
-do
-do
-do
-do

Page #345

Material for Research
[ 329
Date of composition
Where available
S. No. Name of the work Author's
Name 1 2 7). Dasa Laksana Jayamåla Raidhu
5
15th Century
80. Jivandhar Carita 81. Karakandu Carita 82. Āuma Sambodhan 83. Balbhadra Carita
-do-do-do--do
--do-do--do-do--
84. 85. 86 87
Nemināha Jina Carita -- -- Sammatta Gunanidhan --do-- Sripara Carita
--do-- Pārsvapurāna
---do--
-do-- --do-- --do--do
Bhattārkiya Grantha Bhandar Nagaur
-do-do
--doĀmer Sastra Bhandar Jaipur --do--
do
--doGrantha Bhandar Mindir Bolsırı Kota Amer Sastra Bhandar Jaipur
--do--do
88. 89 90 91.
Meghesvar Carila Yasodhara Carita Dhanyakumīr Carita Amarasena Carita
---do-- --do-- --do-- --do--do--
--do- Männikka 1519 A D Raja --do--
16th Century Bhagvati Dasa 17th
-do
92 Nāgakumir Carita 93. Mrigankaleha Carita 94. Sugandha Dasami Rása 95. Muka ta Saptami Rása 96. Harisena Cariu 97. Bhāvanā Kulaka
98. Maharsi Kulaka 99. Karakandu Cariu
--do-- Grantha Bhandar Jassalmer
--doGrantha Bhadar of Jaina Temple Abhi nandan Swami Bondi
105. Anathmiya Kaha
Haricandra
151h

Page #346

3301
Name
Abhaya Kumar Prabandha-Caupai
Abhidhanacintamani Nama
-mālā
Acārănga Sūtra
Acaränga Tripatha vratti
Adhai Dweep Pujă Adhyatma Bārāhakhali Adhyatma Bāvani
Adhyatma Geeta Adhyatma Kalpadrum
Muni Sundar Suri Rājamal
Adhyatma Rahasya Adhyātmasăra
Adhyatma Savaiya
Adhyatma Tarangani
Adhyatma upanisat Adideva Stavana
Adinatha Carita
Adinatha Stavan
Adipuräna
Puspadanta
Raimalla
Raidhu
Daulat Răm Käsliwal
Ajayaraja
Sakal Kirti
Brahma Jinadāsa Adipuraṇa Tippana Adiśvar Phāga Adityavāra Katha Muni Sakal Kirtl Gangadi sa
APPENDEX-IV
MANUSCRIPTS (Granthes)
Page No
66, 68
173
130
88
175
161, 248, 249
161
33
158
159
85, 159, 231, 268
158
160, 308
159
Jin senacārya 1,62,110,133,142,198,208
28,46,63,67,139,207,209
29
140
141, 249
246
159
177
145
124. 278
Jaina Grantha Bhandārs in Rajasthan.
7, 138, 193, 200, 232
233
67
233
86
115
Name
Surendra Kirti
Bhau Kavi
Agni Puran
Ajitnath Puran
Vijaya Singh
Aruna mani
Ajtnath Rāsa
Ajita santi stotra
Ajiya santithava
Aklank stotra
Aklank yati Răsa
Alankara sekhar
Alankära Sara Sangraha
Aksar Bāvani
Pandit Kesava Dāsa
Padma nähha
Alankara Mālā Alapa Paddhati
Amar Kosa
Amar Sena Räsa
Amera Rājās Pattǎvalli
Amogha vratti
Amritasagara
Ambika Răsa
Amar Sen Carita
Amtagadadasão (Antakraddasah) Amuttarovavaiyadasão
(Anuttaraupapatikadaśah)
Ananda
Anandaghan Bahottari Anandaghan Caubisi
Anga culiya sutra
Ananta vrata Katha
Bhaṭṭārak Sri bhusana
Page Mo
190
209
136
56
139
112, 155
177
177
177
112, 157
95
219
81
279
314
162
203, 230
95
188
169
60
112, 155
44, 151
131
131
256
239
239
58
242

Page #347

Material for Research
[ 331
133 211
80
202
277
167
Namc Page No
Name
Page NoHari kršņa Pānde
250
Aturpratyakhyana Ananyayoga vyacchedikā 162 Āvasyaka Nirjutti Anargh Raghava 171, 219, 221, 225 | Avassaya Suttra Anekānta jayapatākā 162, 229 Sadăvasyaka Sutra
133, 229 Anekanta vāda Pravesa 162, 229 Avaśyaka Višesya bhasya 163 Anehānta vyavasthā
163 Avaśyaka Vratti
88 Angāra Dharmāmrata 135, 231,268 Bāhubali Chand Anjană Rasa
54, 157 Balbhadra Purina
191 Anubhava Prakása
251 Balabhadra Rāsa
112, 288 Anuvrata Ratna Pradipa
Bālmiki Rāmāyana
145 Anuyogadvāra 134, 229 Banjārā Gita
86 Apta Mimánsā
162 Banarsi Vilas
161, 167 Aptamımānsă Bhāsā
244 Barah Bhavana
238 Apta parīksā
162 Bārakhari Doha Ārādhanā Risa
233 Bārah Khari
298 Ārādhanāsāra
135
Bāvani Aradhanására vrätti
231
Banāraisdása Ārādhanāsåra Bhāsă
253 Padmanabha
235, 236 Aidha-Kathānak
185, 240 Chhihal
236, 284 Arambhasiddhi
168 Kısana Singh
243 Ardra Kumar Caupadi
Unknown author
294 29, 86 296 Argalpurajinavandanā
Bhadda Kaha
164 Aristă dhyāya
30
Bhadra Bahu Carita Campárāma
194 231 Astānga Hridaya Asta Pahuda
121.152 Kısana Singh 134, 159
Bhairava Padmavati Kalpa 48
244 Asta på huda Bhã sã
136 Aştānhikā Jayamal
Bhāgavata 88
74, 135
Bhagavat) Ārādhanā Asta Sahasri Asta sati
162
Bhagavati Tripātha vratu Astașaşti vivarana
163
Bhagavati viyaha Pannatt Vyākhyā Pragnapti
131 Ātma Dwadasi
192, 249 Bhagawati Sutra
214 Atmānuśāsan
Bhagawati Sutra Vrati 212.214 Gunabhadra
49, 75, 193
Bhaktāmar Stotra Pārswanga
158 Āmānuśasan Rhāsa
161 247 52, 60, 73, 119, 176, 177, 209, 210, 312
76,85 Almānusāsan Tikā
Bhaktamar Stotra Bhåså 125 Ātma Prabodha
76
Bhaktamar Stotra Vratti 204 Ātmaviokana
161, 251 Bharteswar Bahubali Risa 154 Aura Paccakkhāņa
Bharat Bahubali Carita 204, 205
99
162
88

Page #348

332 1
Name
Bharat Bahubali Samväd
250
219
Bhatti Kavya Ehaṭtāraka Patṭāwali Bhattaparinnabhaktā Parijna 133
315
I hava Bhāvanā Prakarana
214
242
7. 117, 121, 195
164
136
Bhāva Dipika Bhava Sangrah
Bhavisya Kaha
Bhavisya Puran Bhaviśyadatta Carita Śrīdbara
Dhanapal
Bhavisya Datta Carit Bhăşă Bhavışya Datta Rāsa
Brahma Rayamalla Vidya bhusana Bhayahara Stotra
Bhupal Caturvinsatikā
Bhramar Gītā
Budhjana Satsan
Budhjana Vilas
Bhuwan Deepak
Bhuwankırtı Gita
11, 75, 148, 150 67, 84, 146, 229 252
291, 292
156, 199, 239 234, 291
177
Bihāri Satsai
Bihari Satsa Commentary
Bisa Tirthankar Pūjā
Brihad Sidha Carka Yantra
Brahma Puran
Brahmanda Puran
Brahma Vaivart
Brahma Vilasa
Budhi Prakasa
Page No
Cakrapanivijay Mahākāvya Campawati Sila Kalyanaka Candanabālā Rāsa
Candana Malayagiri Caupai Candana şaşti Vrata Katha Candapannatti
Candavijjha a
231, 269
75
252
252
168
86 54, 70, 189
57
50
124
136
136
136
71,72
86, 282
221
113
154
115
242
131, 168 133
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan.
Page No
Name
Candraprabha Caritra
Vira Nandi
Hari bhadra Suri
Sarvadanada Suri
Damodar
Vīra Suri
Yasah Kirti
Suhha Candra
Candra Lekha Vijay Prakaran Candra Kevalı Carita
Candra Prabha Purana
79
Candraprabha Swami Caritra 103, 213 Candraprabha Swami Vivählo 118 Candronamilan Ţikā
99
248
193
72
Carcă Săra
Carca Sara Sangrah
Căritra Pujā
Carita Săra
Ratna Bhusan
Manná Lál
Caritra Suddhi Vidhan
Carkha Caupai
Carpata Satak
Carudatta Prabandha Caturgati Veli
Caturvidha Dana Kavitta
Catur Vingati Jina Stuti
Caturvidha Siddh Cakra Pūjā
Caturvinsati Sandhan
Caturvinśati Stavan
58, 85, 142
146
147
149
150
151, 196
203, 234
170
230
Causatha Ridhi Pūjā
Cetana Karma Carita
98.99
186
175
247
85,271
112.153
241
63
177
175
235
63, 177
Caturvinśati Tirthankar Pūjā 175
Rama Candra
175
Vrindavan
Caturdaśa Gunasthän Carca
Caubisa Dandaka
Caubisa Tirthankara Pūjā
Caubisi Gita
175
65 199, 243
75
11
175
152

Page #349

Material for Research
( 333
Name
Page No.1
Name
Page No.
241
157
173
77
311
Cetana Pudgal Dhamala 86, 238, 286 Cetana Lori
243 Cetávani
118 Chabalesya Kavitta Chanda Ratnávali
173 Chandomanjari
94 Chanda Kosa
117, 173 Chandonušāsan
105,172 Svayambhu Jayakirti
105, 173, 212 Chanda Ratnakar Tīkā Cidvilása
189, 251 Cintamani Jayamala
238 Cintamani Pårswnātha Stotra 235 Citra Bandha Stotra
85 Cūnari Rása
86 Dāna Katha
122, 165 Darśana Katha
165 Darśana Sāra
135 Darśana Stotra
176 Darsana Sudhi Dasa Bhakti
134 Dasavaikäliha Saira
134, 229 Dasavaikälika Sútra Vratti 205 Daślaxana Jaymăla Daślaxana Katha
77 Dašalaxana Vrat katha Daśalaxana Puja
55, 175 Dastūra Mālikā Devimdatthana
133 Devi Kaha
164 Devagama Stotra Bhāşa
245 Dhamma Parikkha
228, 229 Dhammil Carita
141 Dhana Kumār Carita
11, 54, 68, 146, 150, 246 Sakal Kirti
6, 54, 68, 232 Gunabhadra ..
Dhanya Kumara Carita Bhasă Jai Cand Chābra
245 Khusāl Canda Kala 152, 246 Dhanna Sali Bhadra Rasa Dharm Cakra Pūjā
174, 175 Vira
174 Dharam Bhusana
175 Dharma Kirti Gita
86, 100 Dharma Kahā
164 Dharma Katha
163 Dharmāmrata panjika 107 Dharma Pancavinsati Dharma Praśnottar Srävakācāra
148 Dharma Pariksa Manohar Dåsa Amiti Gati
85, 156 Sruta Kirti
264 Dasarath Nigotia Dharma Pariksa Rasa 113, 156, 157 Dharmamrita
135 Dharmopadeśamālā Dharmopadeśa Ratanmäla Dharmopadeśa Sravakācāra
Dhas madása Medhavi
61,97 Dharmśarmabhyudaya
117, 142 Dharma Sarovara
242 Dharmvilása
71 Dhavala
28, 36, 99, 134 Dhol márū
90, 222 Dhúrtakhyan
163, 229 Dilā Rāma Vilasa
192, 249 Ditthi vya
2.3, 130, 131 Diwali Kalpa
202 Dohás of Dadu Dayal Doha Sataka Rûpa Canda Hema Raja II 161, 167, 199 241
163
96
46
28
71
250
50
31

Page #350

334 ]
Name
Dravya Dhalütpatti Dravya Sangrah
Dravya Sangraha Bhāśā
Dravya Sangraha Tika
Dongara Ki Bāvani
Durga Pada Vyakhyā Dütängad
Dvadaśānupreksā
Dvyasraya Kavya
Dvisandhana Kavya
Ekāksara Nama Mālā
Ekavali Vrat Katha
Ekibhāva Stotra
Farmans
Gachäcära Sutra
Gaja Singh Caupai Gaja Sukumala Răsa Ganadhar Valaya
Page No.
28
50
244
99
11, 279
88
171
170
143
143
174
243
177
9
194
113
154
174
Ganita Sara Sangrah
168
Garuda Puran
136
Gautama Swami Carita
153
Gautama Rāsa
155
Gautamiya Nyaya Sutra Vratti 220
Gita Vitaråga
Gommatṭasār
Nemi Candracārya Todarma! Gyan Bhusana
(H)
(P)
Gommatta Swami Caupa Gommaṭṭasar Tikā Gora Badal Caupar Gora Badal Katha Gautam Stotra
Guna Candra Gita
Gunaveli
Gunaraj Kathā
Guru Bhakti Gita
Guru Chand
Guru Parivadi
33, 158
10, 53, 99, 135, 233 99, 135
10, 53, 247
233
112
86
89
309
177
100
237
164
243
297
255
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan
Name
Gyananand Śrävakācāra
Gyana Bindu
Gyana Darpana
Gyan Deepikǎ
Gyana Bheda
Gyana Prakasa Vilas
Gyana Suryodaya Natak
Hansraj Vacharāja caupar Hanumat Caritra
Hanumat Carita Răsa
Gyan Bhusan
Gyan Sǎgar
Brahma Jinadasa
Brahma Raymalla
Gyānārnava
Gyanarnava Bhāsā
Jai Candra Chabrā Labdhi Vijay gani Gyanalocana Stotra Gyan Cintamani Gyana Pancami Katha
Gyana Suryodaya Natak Vadı Candra Suri Hasti Malla
Gyätä Dharama Kathānga Hammir Mahākavya
Hammir Mardan
Hammira Raso
58
(Raya) Hammirade Caupai 279
Hansa Gita
161
Hari Candra Carita
Hari Candra Raja Ki Caupai Hari Vikrama Carita
Page No.
248
163
251
30
51
253
252
64, 118, 191
Daulat Ram Käsliwal
Khusal Candra Kālā
Brahma Jindāsa
Jina Senācārya
245
71
235
167
164, 230
170, 193
171
34
118
170
69
149
157
111, 295
155, 233
156, 234
150
99
166
Hraivansa Purana 28, 30, 46, 64, 189, 264
Bhattarak Śruta Kirti
264 248, 249
141, 246
138,233 137, 201, 188

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| 335
Name
Page No.
Name
Page No
148
131
75
168 52, 63, 67, 145
100 7,138 164 177 243
78
75
69
152, 226, 273
146 151. 188, 194
99
153
77
Nemi Candra
189
Panna Laa Caudhari Swayambhu
49, 145 Jambu Dvipa-Prajnaptı Yasah Kirti
140
(Jamhuddivapannattı ) Harivansa Purãn Bhāsā 312
Janma Patri Hitopadesa
165 Janma Patrı Paddhati Hitopadeśāmritam
104
Jasa hara Carru Holika Caupai
56, 69 Jaskiru Gita Holi Carita
194
Jaya Kumar Purin Holi Ki Katha
67, 238 Jayasen Kaha Holi Rāsa
155, 233, 281 Javallhuyana Stotra Indra Dhwaj Pūjā
Jina Bhaktı Gita Indraprastha Prabandha
Tinagunavilása Indrya Nātak
Jinadatta Carita Iska Cimana
51
Ralha Tuhasa Sara Samuccaya 125
Gunabhadra Jagarūpa Vilas
Lakhu Jagat Sundari Prayoga Māla 171 Jiddatta Cantra Bhäsă Jardhavala
28, 36, 99, 134 Panna Lal Caudhari Jaina Yatra Darpana 48, 253 Visva Bhūsand laināgår Prakiya
253
Jinadatta Katha Jainendra Vyākarana 67 108, 109Jinadatia Rosa Jannendra Mahávratiti
Jina-Janma Mahotsava Jain Satak
157
Jina Klyinaka Jain Tark Bhása
166
Jioupanjara Stotra laitesi Raso
Jinaratri Vratra Mahatmya Jambu Dwipa Pragvapti 33, 103, 109, 227 Jinasamhita Jambu Swami Rasa
Jina Catah
Jina Sahasranama Bhuvan Kirti
232
Jina Seni Brahma Jainadasa
233, 155
Asidhar Jambu Swami Caritra
lin. Sahasranama Puja Sakal Kirti
75, 145 Jm. Sul Raja Malla
149
July agya Kalpa
Jivăbhigama Jambu Swami Cariu
Jivandbara Campu Vira Kavi
62, 146
Jivandhara Carita Jambu Swami Carit Bhāṣā
Dau'at Ram Kästiwal Khušal Cand Kāla
Subha Candra NÁthu Rama
Raidhu
169
222
61. 118 112 61 177 17% 76 174 177 231 176, 177 177 175 177 174 132 142 112, 168 112 149, 203 151

Page #352

336
)
Jaina Grantha Bhand&rs in Rajasthan
Name
Page No
Name
Page No.
247
61
242
28
171
165
Panna Lal Caudhari 153
Kåtantra Rūpamālā 169, 203, 216 Vädíbha Singh
1'6
Katha Battisi Jivandhara Rasa
232 Kathā Kosa
246, 242 Brahma Jina Dāva
155 Harisena
164 Tribhuwan Kuti 156, 294 Haribhadra Suri
163 Jhulna
Jodha Raj Godiha Jit Sāra Samuccaya
85 Khušala Canda kälä
246 Jyotisa Sära
Kathā Kośa Prakaran 164 Jyotisā Sár Sangrha
Katha Mahodani
164 Jvara Timira Bhaskar
Katha Ratnakar Jyestha Jinavar Katha 280
Kathă Ratnasă gar
164 Jyotisa Karanda
168 Kathäsangrah
164 Jyotisa Ratnamāla
119 Kaumudi Mitrānand
170 Jyotişa Sāra 161, 304 Kavi Candrika
235 Kalıkācārya Katha
206 Kavi Kalpadrum
169 Kalikācārya Kathagaka 164, 206
Kavi Rahasya
219 Kalpa Kirnawali
Kavi Rahasya Tikā
107 Kalpa Sätra
Kāvyālankára
218 231 2, 8, 14, 33, 66, 95, 118, 133, 206, 210
104, 211, 218 Kalyāņa Kārak
172 Kavya Kaustubha
95 Kalyāņa Mandıra Stotra
Kavya Manjari
98 Kāmtā Kahā
164 Kavya Mimānsä
104, 218 Kappavadamsiao
Kavya Prakasa
104, 218 Kalpåvatamsıkāh )
Kavyaratna
147 Karma Dahan Paja
175
Khandan Khanda Khadya 220 Karma Hindolāna
241 Kirnāwali
220 Karpoor Prakarana
164, 167 Kırătárjuniya 44, 46, 99, 144 219, 269 Kārtikeyamepreksa 53, 160 Koka Prabandha
179 Karkandu Caritra
148, 149 Koka Sāra Karkandu Cariu
120, 151 Kokila Pancamı Kathā 242 Karakaoduno Rāsa
68 Kokila Sastra
179 Karma Vipaka
232
Kripana Carita Karma Vipäka Rasa
Kripana Paccísi
99 Brahma Jina Dasa
154,233 Krisna Rukamaņi Veli 68, 86, 222 Manaranga
Knya Kosa
68 Kåsam Rasika-Vilas
293 Sukha Dev
99 Karņamrite Purina
138, 250 Kishan Singh
122, 199 Kaşaya Pahuda
134
Kriya Kalapa Käştha Pastikā
14
| Kriyaratan Samuccaya 169
177
132
179
237
116
216

Page #353

| 337
Name
Page No.
Name
Page No.
137
70
150
144
90
146
146 147, 150 214 297 64, 138, 232 16
177
110
118, 153, 202
170 66 170 74, 77, 244
Ksapaņā Sara
247
Jibasend and Kšatra Cüdamanı
53, 99, 166 Gunabhadra Kseisapāla Vidaus
Mahāpurana Ki Caupai Kumarpāl Prabandh
13, 143 Mahăpursa Carita Kumarpal Rāsa
95
Mahāvira Carita Kumar Sambhava
95, 144, 219 Asaga Kumar Sambhava Vratii
Padma Kunthanatha Carita
147
Somaprabha Kurma Puran
136
Nem: Candra Suri Kuvalaya Māla
104
Guna Candra Suni Kuvalayamala Katha
211
Mahåvira Chand Labdhi Sāra
7,247 Mahavira Purana Labdhi Vidhāna Kathā 243
Mahavira Rasa Laghiyastraya
162
Mahavira Stavan Laghu Naya Cakra
162
Mahipala Carita laghu Jätaka Tikā
Maithali Kalyana Laghu Sıtā Satu
300
Malaya Sundari Caritrit Lagnavicära
168 Mallika Makarand Lagna Suddhi
168
Mallinatha Carit Bhasa Laghu Tatwärtha Sūtra 116
Mallinātha Carita Låți Samhita
191, 234 Hari Bhadra Suri Lavakusa ākhyāna
116
Mallinātha Purån Lilāvan
168
Mallınătha Stavan Lilavati Bha sa
81
Manjana Sundari Carita Lilävati Katha
221 Manakaraha Rasa Linga Purana
Märkandeya Launka Mata Nirikaran Rasa 112, 1137 | Mayana Jujha Madan Käma Ratna
Meghabhyudaya Madhav Nidan
48, 172 Meghadūta Madhavānal Prabhandha 120, 222, 289 Kālıdása Madhu Mått Katha
58, 86, 222 Vrittı by Kamal Kuti Mahābhiseka Vidhi
117
Mallipatha Suri Mahanišiha
133
Vinya Candra Mahabharat
137, 312
Meghamala vrata Katha Mahadhavala
28, 36, 99, 134
Megheswar Carica Maha Paccakkhána
133
Mithyātva Khandan Națak Mahapurāņa
Moksamärga Prakasaha Puspadant
9, 139, 145, 216 Morda
146, 151 138, 148, 232
111 102 86
136
136
237 267
32
143, 219, 267
108 144 144 237 151 66, 144 49, 247 241

Page #354

338 )
Jaina Grantha Bhandārs in Rajasthan
Name
Page No.
Name
Page No.
86 151
136 106 164
116
89
180
313
313
131 122, 145 100 143 287
62
149
85
148
Mnga Samvada
Närad Purana Mriganka Lekbä Carita
Náradiya Purāņa Mrigāvati Carita
106
Narmada-Sundari Katha Mratyu Mahotsava
253
Narasinghapura-Jati Rāsa Mudra Raksasa Natak 105, 220 Nara Vilās Natak Muktăwali
129
Nartagavicăra Mulācāra
99, 134 Näsketopåkhyāna Mulācāra Bhasā
245
Năsaketa Purana Mūlācāra Pradip
65, 134, 200 Nayadhamma Kahā MuniMālikā
115
(Jnatādharma ) Munipati Carita
150
Nāya Kumār Cariu Munisubrata Carita
147
Nemi Candra Gita Munisubrata Purāna 139
Nemidota Kāvya Näga Kumar carita
Nemi Carita Puspadanta
Nemi Natha Carita Maņnika Raj
II, 131 Gunavijay Mallisena
Raidhu Dharmadas
Ajayaraj Patni Naga Kumar Rasa
155, 233 Neminăth Caupai Nábhistavan
177
Neminatha Gita Nassadha Carit
104,219 Neminātha Ka Chand Naisadha Kávya Vratti 95, 105, 108, 144 Neminăth Cariu Nalodaya Kavya
Nemináth Pôjā Nal Damayanti Carita
291
Nemináth Purana Namalingånuśásan
173
Brahma Nemidutta Nāma Mālā
89, 173, 203 Bhåg. Canda Banarsidasa
89
Neminātha Rasa Dhananjaya
173, 203 Bhau Nāma Malá Sangrah
174
Vijayadevasun Namokåra Kalpa
58
Sumatigani Namokara Mahatmyau Katha 64
Nemi Candra Namokāra Mantra Katha
Jina Senacārya Namokara Rasa
Muni Punya Ratna Nanda Kaha
164
Nemiswar Rasa Nanda Raja Caupai
Nemináth Rajamati Gita Nandi
Nemi Rajamati Veli Nandidurga Vratti
213 Neminātha Rajamati Veli Nandi Sutra
202, 229 Nemirajula Gita Närcandra Jyotisa Sastra 168
Caturo
151 247 152, 189 123, 299 80 99
55
117
110, 138, 141 110, 134 141, 193
99
107 154 245 283 290 156, 290
48 243
117 134
241 237
123

Page #355

(334
119 32
132
56
58 243
165
Name
Page No. Name
Page No. Guņa Candra
80
Padampurāna Nemi Nirvana Kavya 143, 233 Rai Mall
29 Nemiswar Gita 78, 241 Ravi Senācarya
63, 137 Nemiśwar Phāga
63 Barhma Jainadasa
138. 233 Nemiswar Rasa 155, 156, 239 Dharma Kirti
138 Brabma Raymall
155 Bhattark Somasera
138 Nemi Vivaha Paccisi
Candra Kirti
139 Nidap Muktalăwali
Raidhu
140,204 Nemi Vyāhalo
Khuśāl Candra Kala 141, 246 Hira
142, 245 Daulat Ram Kasliwal 141, 248 Khetasi
302 Padmavata
309 Nirbhaya Bhima
170 Padsangraha
246 Nurdosa Sapatmi Vrata Katha 239 Palya Vidhāna Rasa
118, 157 Nirayávali Suttam
Pajjuna Cariu
151 Nirvāņa Kanda
Panca Kalyānaka Pátha Nirvana Kanda Bāhşa
Pancamagat: Velt
241 Nisi Bhojan Kathā
Panca Parmest Pujā 78, 178 Niti Satak
167
Panca Parmesti Stavan 177 Niti Sara
Panca Sandhi
68 Niti Sastra
166 Panca Sangrah
135 Nitivākyâmrata
166
Pancasăra Prakarana Laghu Vratti 211 Nitya Vihara
51 Pancendriya Gita
123 Nyāya Bindu
220
Pancastıkávya Nyāya Kandali
163, 220
27, 30, 46, 58, 75, 162, 215 Nyāya Kandali Panjika 163
Bhasa
252 Nyāya Kumud Candrodaya 162
Pancatantra Nyāya Dipika
163
Pandava Purana Nyāyaratanävali
163 Yasabkurti
11, 140 Nyāya Siddhånt Dipaka 220
Shubha Candra
110,235 Nyāya Vārtika
Vijaykırtı
138 Nyaya Vārtika Tippana 267
Bulakidåsa
122, 241 Nyāyaviniscaya
Gyan Sagar
242 Ogha Nijjutti
134 Pandava Caritra
76, 212 Ogha Niryuktı Vratti 12, 103, 211 Panhava garannaim Padartba Sára
163
( Prašna Vyakarana ) 131 Padmanandi Pancavioșati 52, 66, 166, 188 Pannavana ( Prajnå pana ) 132 Padmanandi Mahākävya Tika 66
Papcādhyayi
234 Padmaprabh Carita
147 Panca Saheli Gita
236 Padmanabh Purāņa
138
Panthi Gita
166
53,
267
162
236

Page #356

340)
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan
Name
Page No.
Name
Page No.
162
245
119 160
251
178
149
86
Parikśămukha Parikśámukha Bhăsă Pardāro Pansila Rasa Par mārtha Doha Śatak Parmatma Purana Pårswabhyudaya
142 Pārswamabimna Stotra Pårswanatha Sakuna Sattavisi 237 Pārswanatha Stotra
178 Parswanatha Adityavāra Kathā 86 Parswanatha Carita Unknown author Sarvånand Suri
147 Hemvijay Prasanna Candra
150 Pasa Cariu Tejpāla Deva Candra
255 Sridhar
11, 27, 195, 150, 184 Aswala
260 Parvaratnávali
118 Párth Parakrama Vyayoga 171 Päraswapuran Padmakirti
44, 77 Bhudharadása
68, 122 Sakalkırtı
138, 200, 232 Vidya Bhusana Raidhu
140, 266 Parmatma Prakasa Yogindu
159, 217 Hemara ya
161 Pārsva Vilasa
252 Pårswnåth Rasa
240, 302 Patraparīksa
162 Pattāvab Pattávali Käspha Sangb 117 Pauma Cariya
104, 212 Pauma Caniu
145, 236
Pauma Cariu Tippana 46. 98, 257 Paumasiri Cariu
150 Pimda Nijjutti
134 Pongal Catursiu Rupaka 262 Pingala Sastra
88 Prabhodha Candrodaya Natak 221 Prabodha Cintamani
77 Pradyumna Carita Sadhāru 28, 50, 78, 152, 226, 275 Somkirti
204 Ratan Candra
109, 149 Pradyumna Räsa Brahma Guna Rija
116 Brahma Rayamalla 156, 239 Prakrit Chanda Kosa 256 Prakrit Vyakarana
33 Prakriya
169 Pramåna Miminsä
162 Pramanapariksa
162 Pramāna Sangrah
162 Pramånanayatatválokalankära 162 Parmesti Prakāśa Sara 264 Prameyakāmalmārtanda 162 Prameyaratnamāla Prameyaratan Kosa
163 Pragnâpanā Sutra
229 Prasangsāra
51 Praśasta Pada Bhāsya 220 Prasna Vyä karana Sutra Vratti 212 Praśnottarratnamålā
165 Prasnottara Sravakácăra 2, 69, 85, 200 Prathavi Canda Carita 146, 150 Prathavi Raja Ráso
95, 222 Pratimaskota Caturdasi Vratodyåpana
ཚེ ཙ ཥ སྒྲ ལྔ ལྔ སྔ ལྔ ལྔ = མིག ཐ་
162
139
235
53
Pratisyha Patha Pratisthasara Pratisthåsāra Sangrah
13, SS, 231 174 ..
175

Page #357

Material for Research
Name
Pravacana sära
Kunda Kunda
Tika by Prabha Candra
Hemarāja
Pravacansara Bhāṣā
Pravacanasaroddhāra
Pravacana Sārodhär Satika
Pritinkara Carita
Pritinkara Carita Bhasa
Prityankara Caupai
Pūjā Sangraha Punya Sara Katha Punyasrava Katha Kosa
Ratan Candra
Mumuksu Räma Candra
Kishan Singh
Daulatarama Kaliwal
Pupph1ão
Purandara Vidhan Katha
7, 62, 67, 99, 159 Rajula Patrikā
63
Purudeva Campu
Purusartha Sidhyupaya
Puspanjali Vratakathā
Radha Govinda Sangitasăra
Page No
Rajavansa Varnṇana Rajul Ka Bärahamäsä
75, 161
242
160
33
153
242
246
51, 122
107
112
165
199
Răgamālā
293
143
Raghava Pändaviya Raghuvansa
46, 54, 144, 219
Raghuvansa Tikā Raghavabhyudaya Raghuvilāsa
98 170
170
Rājā Bhoja Bhanumatı Kathā 90 Rajamati Nemisvar Dhal
86
Rajmati Gītā
86
Rajmati Viraha
121
Rājaniti Kavitta
Rajsekhar Narpati Katha
Rājāvali Dohā
Rajavali
166
164
Name
Page No
Raja Pasenaijja (Raja Praśniya) 132
249
132
Ratnamālā
280
Ratnapariksă
143
Ratnatraya Katha
49, 122, 247 Ratnatraya Vrata Katha Ratırahasya
242
180
300
86
184, 271
61
Rajavārtika
Raksabandhan Katha
Rama Laksmana Rasa
Rāma Rása
Rāma Vinoda
Rama Yasa
Ram Candra Rasa
Rāma Purana Ramayana
Ramayana Caupai Rāmāyana Rāsa
Rasa Vilasa
Rasika Priya
Rathora Bankavali
Ratna Karanda Śrāvakācāra
Ratri Bhojan Katha
Ratri Bhojan Varjan Rasa
Ratri Bhojan Rasa Ravivrata Katha
Risimandal Puja
Risimandal Stotra
Risimandal Yantra
Rittha nemicariu
Rohini Mriganka Rohini Prabandha
Rohani Vrata Katha
Rohini Vrata Pujā
Rohini Vrata Risa
Rukmani Vivahlo
Sabdabheda Namamāla Sabdanusasan
Sabda Ratnakar
131
134
242
117
113
193
125
119
138, 191, 193
145, 235, 257
114
185
222
[ 341
65, 222
107
71 77, 135
46, 166
28 250
242
179
243
232
155
119
58, 175
58. 177
123
145
170
111
242
175
294
54
174
85, 169
174

Page #358

3421
Jaina Grantha Bhandårs in Rajasthan
Name
Page No.
253
124
180
43
Namc
Page No. Sabda Bheda Prakasa 85, 113 Sabha Bhusana
73 Sabdarnava Candrikā 169, 201 Sabhására Natak
54, 171 Sadbhāśitaval) Şada Darsana Samucca ya 74, 162 Sadāvaşvaka Balāvabodha Şadávasyak
201 Sågara Dharmāmnita-85,99, 119, 135, 197 Siljanacitia Ballabha
166 Sakal Kimi Räsa
11, 231, 280 Sakalvidhinidhāna
44 Salibhadra carita
102, 148 Samadhi Tantra Bhava 118 122 Samaráicca kaha
163, 229 Sama yasăra Bhāsa
244 Samavasarana Pūjā
193 Samayasăra 99, 159, 160, 234, 252 Samayasar Nätak 64, 122. 160, 161 Samāyasăra Präbhrita Samaya sāra Kalasa
158, 188 Simāyika Patha
138 Sāmavasara vratti Subha Candra
76 Amutácandra
66, 99 158 Samavāyanga Sutra
162 Sambhava Jinacariu
262 Sambodha Pancăstha
115 Sammeda Sikhar Puja 114, 123 Samyatva Kaumudi 193, 96, 202 238 Samyakva Kaumudi Kišanadása Hari singh
99 Jayasekhar
107 Gunakarsuni
164 Lal cand vidodila!
165 Jodharaja godika
242 Samyaktva Rasa Samvāyanga
130 Samvegaršogasala
213
84
77
Sanmati jina Carita
151 Sanat Kumar Rása
111, 157 Sandeh Dohāvali
8 9 Sandeh Dohávali Vratti 118 Sandesa Rasa Tippaņa 266 Sandesa Rāsak Tippanikā 107 Sangita Dipika
180 Sangita mardan
180 Sangitopanišada
179 Sangita Pingala
180 Sangita Ratpakar Sangita Samayavila
179 Singita Sarodhara
179 Sangita Šāstra Sala
180 Sangita Săra Sangarhanı Sutra
54 Sangrahaņi sutra Balāvabodha 116 Sangrahanı Tabba Tikā 89 Sangraham Sūtra Bhasi Sangrahani Țippanham Sannipata Kälıká (7 abba) 172 Sankhyalaiva Kaumudi 220 Sankhya Saptati
220 Sankhya Saptati Bhūsya 220 Sanmati Cartra
144 Sănuinátha Carila
104 Sånunātha Canta
117 Thakur Sänu Nath Puran Ratan candra Vidya Bhūsana
138 Śäntinath Stotra
178 Santosa jayamala
237 Santosa jayatilak
285 Sanyama Manjari katha 230 Saptavyasan hatha
72. 164 Saptavyasana Savaiya 61
116
30
155

Page #359

| 343
Name
Page No
Name
Page No.
106
175
Sara caubisi
252 Sarswati Kalpa
250 Särdhadvaya Dvipa Pūjā Sardi Namamāla
174 Sārsikhamani Rása
123 Saraswata Tikā
98 Saraswati Pūjā
114 Saraswati Laxmi Samvāda 99 Sarwartha siddhi
99, 111, 216 Sarwārtha Siddhi Bhāsā 244 Şat Darşan Pramāna Pramcya-Nupraveśa
86
32
Sindürprakarana Singhāsana Battisi 90, 120. 124, 222 Šisupal vadha
99, 144, 219 Śita carita
152 Sila haran Rasa
157 Sitā satu Šitā sila Räsa Pataka gunaveli 110 Siva Sandhãn Nāma
235 Skanda Puran
136 Stora Vartha
134 Solahakaran Pujā
175, 232 Solahakaran Rasa
154 Sodasa Karana Jayamala 72, 175 Șodusa Kāianavidhan 99, 110 Șodaśa Kārand vrătody pan Půjá 81 Solah Swapna
61 Śrangāra Salah
107 Srāvakácara Vasunandi
67, 75 Amitigati Devasena
135 Laxmi candra Śravakācaia
112 Sr.vaka Dharma Prakarana 270 Gravaka Pratikramana 88 Srāvan Dvadasi vrata Katha 242 Śrenika Cauta
202
67
71
135
Şata Darsană Nirnaya 163 Satdarsana Samuccaya 163 Sațkarma Rāsa
157 Satkarma granthāvacuri Satkarmopadesa Ratnamālā Sat Khandāgama
3, 134 Satamalavarnana Satpāhuda
197 Satprarūpanā
3 Satya Hariscandra Natak 170 Sävayadhammadohá Panjiká 204 Siddha Hema sabdānusasana 169 Siddhanta Candrikā
203 Siddhi viniscaya
162 Sidha cakra Katha
122 Sidha Hemvyākarana 8, 169 Sidhānta sāra
85, 233 Sidhānt sära Deepak Sikhamani Rāsa Sila Battisi
237 Śila katha Gila Rasa
157 Śimandhar ki Jakaçı
241 Simandhara Stavan
237 Simandhara Swami Stavan 113
204
72
115 116 153, 200 233 100
277
165
Dungā vaid Daulatarın käsliwal Vijay kirti Brahma Jinadas Sri Bhusan gita Sudhar Caula Sripal Carita Srpil Caniu Raidhu Narsena Dāmodar
148
152
151 151, 194 259

Page #360

344]
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan
Nane
Page No.
1
Name
Page No
90
117
89
78
Sripāla Caritra
89 Sripal Sobhāgi Rasu 295 Sripā Rāsa Gyan Sagar Yasovijay Brahma Jinadasa
155, 233 Brabma Rāyamlla
156, 194 Srutabodha
173 Śrutaskandha
133 Śrutamala Varnan
248 Sthananga
162 Sthuli bhadra Rasa
154 Subhadra Nätak
170 Subbāsıta Ratna Sandoba 72, 85, 106 Subhom Caritra
86, 149 Subhāşitarnava
166 Subhāşitāvah
166, 167, 246, 252 Subudhi Prakasa
190 Sudansaņa Cariu
5 146 Sudansana Cariyu Tika Sudarsana Carita Sakal Kiru
148 Vidyānandi
149. 193 Sudarsana Rasa Brahma Jinadasa
155, 233 Brahma Raymalla
1.56, 239 Sudarsana Sethăn Caupu) Sukhep Carita
235 Sukha Nidhan
235 Sukamála Caru Sridhar Radhu Sukmal Cautra Sakal Kirti
85, 200, 232 Nathulal doshi
254 Sukumala Swami Rasa 156 Sukausal Rasa
114 Sukausal Swami Rasa
114 Sukba Vilasa
73, 75
Suktimuktavali
166, 232 Saktával
166 Sulocană Carita Vádi Candra
271 Ganidevasena
151 Sulocanā Nāțaka
170 Sumatı Nāth Carita
146 Sundara Srangåra Supāsaņāha Carita
149 150 ( Surya-Prajoaptı) Surapannatti
131, 168 Sutra Kratanga
130, 162 Sūyagadanga
130 Sūvă Bahatari Svapna Saptatika Prakarana 213 Svapanodhyāya Swāmi Kartikeyānupresa 244 Swarūpānand
251 Swetāmbara Parājaya 235 Syādavada Bhasā
163 Syadavāda Kalika
163 Syadavada Manjari
110 Syådavāda Ratnakar
162 Tuindula Veyalıya Tapägacha Pattavalı Tarangavati Tarangiwatı Katha
163 Tarangalola
161 Tarha Bhasi Váruka
163 Tarha Rahasya Dipika 163 Tarkasangraha
129 Tattvagyan Tarangin 135, 233 Tautvårtha Sutra Tika
122 Tattvärtha Vrath Tattvårtha Sūtra (Tattvärthadhigama )
28, 33, 52, 60, 74, 78, 134, 216, 252
133
112
163
150
151
33

Page #361

Material for Research
| 345
67
72 298 135
270
56
132
63
Name Page No. 1 Name
Page No. Tattvärtha Sutra Bhasa 81
Utiar Purana Tattvärtha Saira Tippani
Puspadant
6, 44, 46, 216 Tattvasara
Gunabhadra
138, 158, Tatvasāra Duha
Sahal Kirti
138. 232 Tattavsāra
Khusal cand kala
141, 246 Tattvårtha Bodha
252 Pannālāl caudhu.
252 Tattvårtha Ratna Prabhakar
Uttara Puran Tippana Thinãnga (Sihānanga) 130, 131 Uvásagadasão Tinloka Pujä
(Upāsakadesāh Tirtha Malá stavan
278
Uvayilya (Aupupauka) Travels in Western India ICO Vachavata Vansvali 40, 222 Trayodasāmārgi Rāso 78
Vaddhamão Kavya Trailokya Dipaka 99
49, 50, 70, 188, 198 Trilokasára
119, 247 Vaghabhaitalanlara
235 Triloka såra Bhāsa
64 Vundv-Manotsava
48, 172 Triloka såra Tika
Vaidyaka sāra Sangrah 172 Trinsat Caturvinsati Pujā 175
Vaidyaksārodhar
172 Trisasti Puraşa Canta 138, 143 215 Vairāgya gita
123 Trisastısmrati Sastra 67, 147, 150 Vuti Paccisi
40, 222 Udar gita
80, 236 Vakrokti jivita
218 Udbhātālankāra
219 Vimana Puran
136 Upadeša Bavani
Vanika Priya Uradeśamála
230
Vanhidasão
Vanamála Upadeśa pada Prakaran 213
Vank Cūla Rasa
157 Upadešamālā Prakaran 213
Vankucore Dhanduta katha 195 Upamıtı Bhava Prapanca katha 164, 230 Volha
Vaizha Purana
136 Upāngas 3, 131, 132 Varānga cariya
82, 99 Upaskācāra
30
Vai ngu carita Upāskadhyayana 62, 135, 197 latācarya
143 Upadesa mala
119. 160 Vardhaman Bhutarak 144 190 Upasargahara Stotra
117 Vardlama la carita
144, 151 Upadesa Paccisi
71 Vardhamāna Puran
141, 253 Upadeśa Ratnámāla 117, 251, 253 | Vart Katha Kosa
233 Upadeśa Tarangini
Varinat Katha kosa
56 Uşa Harana
Vasant vilás kávya
144 Uttaradhyana
14, 103, 166 Våsavadatta
114
304
132 170
48
111
106

Page #362

346
Jajna Grantha Bhandars io Rajasthan
Name
Page No.
Name
Page No.
221
3
104
99
162
147
129
12
160
32
150
Vasavadattă Ahhyayılă Văstusära Prakarana
28 Vasudevahindi Vasudeva Prabandha 112 Vasudhira Cariyu
99 Vasunandi Sravak..cāra Bhăsā 110 Vāsupujya Carita Vedāntasāra Veņisamhára
221 Vidagdhamukha mandan 48 Vidhawāşila Samraksanopiya 265 Vidyānuvi da
48 Vidyanuvādāngat Vijay candra Carita Vikrama Carsta
75 Vikramaditya Carita
148, 287 Vikramaditya Caupar 222 Vikrama Sena Caupai 89, 99 Vikrånta Kaujava
169 Vilhaņa Carita Caupai 40. 222 Vilhana Sašikālá Prabandha 65 Vimala Purina Vimalanatha Purana Vipäka Sūtra Vrati
212 Vira kaha
164 Virangad Katha
163 Viratthava (Varastāva) Virstavan
377 Visaldeva Cauhăn Rasa Visaldeva Raso
40, 222 Visaldeva Cauhan Rasa 117 Visåpahára stotra
177 Visnu Purana
136 Vitarăga stuti
163 Vivāgasuyam (Vipak sutram
131 Vivekamanjars
107 Viveka Vilās Visal Kirli gitá
86, 100
Visāphakra Chappaya Viyā hapannatti Vrata Ratnakar Tika Vrihatasiddha Pūjā
175 Vrihadanayacakra Vrohata Tapāgacchagurávalı 72 Vratta Ratnakara
173, 221 Vratavidhan Pujā
78 Vrata Vidhan Rāso
157, 192 Vrihadakalpa Sutra Vyahtı Viveha Kavyalankāra 219 Vyavahăraganita Vyavahära Sutra
214 Yadavābhyudaya
160 Yasodhar Caupai
106, 192 198 Yasastilaka Campu
77, 43 Yasodhara Carita Sakal Kurti
6, 47, 48, 55, 62 67, 99 193, 232 Gyāna Kirti
8, 67, 234 i Padmanātha Kayastha 148 Vadi Raja
149 Raidhu
151, 208 Khusal cand hālā
152, 240 Parihanand
:53 Vidyānandi
193 Brahma Jinadāsa
204, 233 Puspadania
208, 209 Yasodhar Caupar
247 Yoga Cintămani
48.172 Yogadrast1 Samuccaya 230 Yogasāra 67,85, 105, 158, 150, 264 Yogasāra Yogasatak
172 Yugadideva Dvatrinsikā 177 Yugaprabāndha Caupai 28 Yuktyanuśāsana
162, 176
139
56
133
88
252
89

Page #363

Name
Abhaya Candra
Abdul Rahmân Abhaya Devacārya Abhayadeva Süri
Abhayanandı
Abhinava Dhaima Bhu an
Abhra Pandit
Acala Kirti
Aika Nätha
APPENDIX V
AUTHORS, WRITERS AND COPYISTS
Amogha Vaisa
Amrita Candra
88, 150, 177
169, 175, 255
163
99
178
98
Ajayaraj Patanı 50, 141 153, 189, 246, 247
Br. Ajita Ajitprabha Sūri Akhada Kavi
Aklanka (Sonof Jinadasa)
Aklank
Amara Deva
Amara Kirti
Amara Singh
Amitigati
Amritaprabha Suri Ananda Ghan
Ananda Kavi
Ananda Bhagat
Bh Ananta Kirti
Page No.
Arhatdása Arunamani AS Altekar
179
266
212, 214
Ananta Virya
Anubhuti Swarupācārya
Annam Bhatta
149, 161
147
107
177
67, 85, 135, 155, 158, 166, 311, 312
165
4, 112, 129, 134, 162
--(4)--
160
67, 176, 226 173, 200
158
172
161, 178, 239
179
99
156, 238 162
49
129
143, 147 56, 139
78
Asădita
Asadhar
Name
Page No
220, 221 32, 55, 67, 85, 99, 110, 111, 117. 119, 135, 143, 147, 159, 174.
176, 177, 187, 230, 268, 269 105
138, 144
154
280
66. 114
227
144
Asadi
Asaga
Asagu
Asawala
Bakhat Rams
Balanandı
Bala Candra Sun Banarsi Dasa
Bandi Rāja Bansidhara
Bappabhatti
Bhadau
Acarya Bhadra Bhau
Bhadrasena
Bhaga Cand
Bhagwati Dasa
18, 26, 29, 45, 50, 122, 160. 161, 166 167, 173, 178, 185
212
51
177
279
2 3, 4, 35, 133,
152, 211, 214 115
141, 193
28, 29, 30, 71, 86.
151, 296, 300 152, 178
Bhaiya Bhagwati Dasa
Bhaktawara I al
Bharat
Bhärdvāj
Bhartrihari
Bhamah
Bhanu Candra Gani
Bhanu Kirti
Bharamalla
54 142
174
97, 175
122, 165, 248
8, 9, 137, 154
267
167

Page #364

3481
Jaina Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan
Name
Page No.
Name
Page No.
33
51
175
204
77
SO
Bhårvi 44, 46, 99, 144, 203, 219 Chunilal
75 Bhaskara nandi
Dadu Dayal Bhasta Kedāra 173, 221 Dalu Ram
43, 53, 175, 179 Bhått: 219 Damodara
99, 149 264 Bhatta Nārāyana 220, 201 Damodara
180 Bhattotpal
110 Dandi
211 Bhāva Sharma
Dasaratha Nigotia
282, 311, 312 Bhau
99, 209 Daulat Rām Kāsliwal 43, 65, 75, 110, Budhajana
252 112, 116, 141, 161, 165. 198, 204, 247, 248 Bhüdhar Dasa 29 45, 68, 122, 141 Daulat Rám Sanghi
157 161. 167, 178 Devendra Suri
147 Bhūpal Kavi
177, 269
Dajā Candra Bhusana Bhatta
221
Daya Hansa Gani Bhutabala
3,134 Dayārataa
163 Bhuwan Kirti 97, 111, 114, 187 232
Deepa Canda
43, 118 233, 280
Deepa Canda Kasiiwal 178, 189, 251 Bihari Lal
45, 46, 51, 189
Dhlha 11, 46, 86, 178, 222, 274, 282 Brahmadeva
99
Brahma Deva Buhler
25, 40, 83. 101 Kavi Deva Candra
255 Bulakıdāsa
122, 140, 241 Muni Deva Candra
170 Campå råna
194
Deva Candra Suri Comunadaraja
171 Devasuri
147, 148, 162, 168 Candabardal
95 Deva Bhadragani
150 Candragani
211, 251 Deva Sundar
163 Candra Kurti 6, 138, 139 Devadatta Bhatta
89 Candra Mahattala
32, 150
Devendra Bhūsana Acirya 204 Candraprabha
Devagupta Suri
150 Caturbhuj Mira
293 Deva Prabha Suni
76, 171, 217 Caturbhuja Dasa
Devasen
117, 135 162 Caturabhuja Kavi
Devendra Kiru 44, 63, 123, 149, 165, C. D. Dalal 30, 31, 40, 105, 107
189, 190, 201, 203, 264, 315 Caritra Vaidhan
144, 219 Devidasa
166 Cārpata
85 Devaprabh Suri
164, 171 Sri Candra Sari
89 Delha
154 Carita Singh
Devardhigani Ksamásramapa 3, 4, 130 Cāra Kirti
31 Devasena
7, 117, 121 Chainsukha
172 Devasepagan
150 Chihal 45, 50, 80, 167 178, 236, 284 Devapandi Chitara Tholis
67, 238 Deva Sundar
104
162
222
38
115

Page #365

|
349
Name
Page No.
Name
Page No.
87
175
157
Devendra Suri 166, 169 Gokula
120 Devidasa Khandelwal
247 Gopal Dása
94 Dhāhila 150. 226 Gorakhanātha
46, 222 Dhananjaya
143, 173, 177, 2036 S. Ojha Dhanpal Kavi 67. 84, 146, 226, 229 Guna Candia
80, 201, 295, 303 Brahma Dharma
288 Guņa Candra Suri
214 Dharmā 152, 154 Gnna Kirti
262 Dharma Bhūśana
Guna Vijaya
143, 149 Dharma Candra 6, 7, 62, 84, 149, 175 Guņapandi
169, 175 Dharma Ghosa Suri 147 Gunaratan Pathak
108 Dharmadása Gani
Br. Guna Raja
116 Dharmadhar
148 Gumani Rama
43, 49, 53, 247 Ac.irya Dharma Kirti 220
Gunabhadra 4, 32, 73, 76 136, 137, 146, Mandalacārya Dharma Kuu 124, 200
158, 225, 235, 270 Dharma Kurti 89, 56, 97, 115, 138 Guna Bhadra Suli
213 Dhramamei 144, 219 Gunākar Süri
164 Dharma Sågar
78
Gunaratan Suri 163, 169, 218, 219 Dharma Singh
Gyān Bhūsana 114, 135, 157, 203, 233 Dharma Suri
Br. Gyān Bhûsan Dharma Vinoda
112 Gyan Canda Chábia
253 Acharya Dharmoitar pada 220
Gyån Kirti
8, 67, 234 Dharms
309
Gyān Sägar 63, 90, 111, 241, 242 Dharašenācurid
B Gyan Sagar
51, 178, 215 Dhelha
237 Gyån Sāgar Suri
106 Dilá Rais
192, 249 Gyán Suri Brahma Dipa
78, 161 Gyān Tilak Dipa Canda Kā liwal 161
HD. Velankar
26 Dipa Canda Saha
141 Halā, udha
219 Dronācārya 103, 211 Hammira
58, 88, 279 Babá Duli Canda -43, 45, 45, 48, 253, 251 Hansa Raja
40, 50, 140 Dunga Vaida
'15 Hansa Vijaya
40 Dungara
11, 56 Hara Candra Gangwa Dyanat Rai 29, 71, 161, 167, 175, 179 Hara Candra
56 Ganga Dasa
61, 112, 115 Hari Bhadra Suri 4, 129, 144, 146, 150, Ganga Rama 73
151, 162, 163, 168, Ganapati 222, 2x9
187, 215, 228, 229 Gautama
Hari Candra 30, 77, 106, 117, 142 Gautama Gandhar
Hari Krisna Pände Girvar Singh
Harinam Misra
200
172 202
254
280
74

Page #366

350)
Jaina Graptha Bhandårs in Rajasthan
Name
Page No
Name
Page No.
91
93
178
63
170
98
101
79
Hari Sagar Sūri
Govind Ram Bhikam Cand Bhansalı Harisena
167. 187, 227, 229 Harsa 203, 219 Gulab Canda
204 Harsa Candrs
73
Br Gulāla Harsa Kalyāna
Gyān Candra
125 Harśa Kamal Ganı 290, 214 Gyão Candra
90, 171 Harşa Kırtı 70, 168, 172, 174, 178, 241 Hālu
49 Hanumana
54, 149, 155, 157 Harsa Samudra
287 Hardāna
116 Hastımala
Hari Dāsa Hema Candra Sun 170,215 Hari Rama
173 Hema Hansa Gani
124, 198 Hari Singh
99 Hema Candra 4,8, 80, 85,92 129, 138,
Harsa Saha
Hema Ratna 143, 150, 162, 163, 169, Hema Ratha
312 173, 203, 215 225, 226 Hem Tilaka
173 Maldhárı Hema Candra Suri 213, 214 Yatı Himatujt
88 Hemaprabha
165
Pandı: Hiră Lāl Hansrāja
Hirå Lal Lohadla Hemarāja 9, 50, 68, 75, 119, 161, 167,
Hirā Lal
26, 30, 40 178, 191 168 241, 312 Hită Lal Sohan Lal
64 Hema Raja 11 161, 241 Jacobi
101, 130, 146, 229 Hema Vijaya
149, 165 Jagannath
235 Jagat Candra Sun
154 Hema Susi
144 Jagat Kırtı
47, 190 Hirá
192, 245 Jagat Rām
178, 186 Hiranand
178
Jai Canda Chābra 43, 45, 53, 160, Hira Vijay 106
178, 244, 248 Jai Kirti
112 Indranandi
32, 166 Jaina Bhadra Gani
163 Iswar Krisna
220
Jainārain Bhatta Gajamalla
123 Jaisekhar Suni
148, 164 Gandharva
216
Jant Ram Gaudapáda
Jagat Kirt
123, 245 Ghisilala
Jambu Kavi
177 Gordhan Disa
208 James Tod
10), 101 Gaurdhana 227 1 (Vyāsa ) Janārdana
106 Govinda Candra
221
( Muqi ) Jasa Kirti
107
43
220 198
112

Page #367

143
289
| 351 Name
Page No.1 Name
Page No. Jamal Nahar
309 Jiwana Rām
64 Jaţācārya or Jatal Muni
Jina Vallabh Sûri
97, 177 Jayadeva
172
Jina Saubhagya Suri 207 (Acarya) Jaya Kirti
110 Jodharaj Kasliwal
73, 75 Jayakirti
112, 157, 172 | Jodharāja Godika 153, 161, 165, 199, Jayakirti Süri 105, 212
200, 242 Jayamitrahala 49, 73, 151, 188 Jugal Kishore Mukhatar
267 Jayasāgar Upadhyāya
89 Kabırdāsa
46, 49, 222 Jayasāgar
115, 157 Kälıdása 44, 46, 49, 54, 90, 95, 143, Jayasi 309
173, 203, 219, 220, 267 Jayasingh Suri 96, 170 Kalyana
243 Jayatilak
106
Kalyāna Gani Jayatilak Suri 66 Kalyāna Kirti
111, 153 Jayasekhar 107, 164 Kalyān Singh
63 Jina Bhadra Sūri 10, 107, 103 (Pandit) Kamal Bhadra
264 Jinacandrācārya 85, 203, 225 Kamal Kitts
70, 108 Jina Bandhu
214 Kamal Prabha
178 Jinacandra 196, 256, 259 Kamal Samyamaupadhyāya
103 Jinacandra Sûri 68, 150, 213 Kamal Vijay
113, 149 Pande Jinadasa 152, 178 Brahma Kamraja
7,138 Pandit Jinadasa
194 Kanak Kušal
202 B. Jinadasa 45, 50, 51, 68, 77, 85, 112, Kankamar
151 114, 119, 138, 154, 177, 178, Kanak Prabha
147, 149 204, 233, 281 Acarya Kapıl
220 Jinadatta Sūri
97, 205, 213 B. Kapoor Canda 70 240, 302, 303 Jinadeva
150 Swāmi Kartikeya
160 Jina Prabha Sūri
177
Kesa Raja Jinasenācārya 4, 32, 110, 123, 137, 142 ) Kesari Singh 83, 141, 204, 252 146, 156, 174, 176, 198, 201, Kesavadāsa
45, 46, 49, 222 208, 283, 312(Pande) Kesavadā sa Jinasenācārya 11
137 Kesava
172 Jinasena Sûri
172 Mandalácărya Sri Keśava 175 Jina Harsa Sûri 90, 164 Keśava Misra
95 Muni Jinavijaya
101 Keśava Sena
138, 177 Ācārya Jinesvara
164 (Monk) Kesi
132 Jigendra Bhoşana 79, 149 Kesava Singh
121, 153 Jinarija Sori
108, 144 Pandit Sıramani Kesodása 204 Jineswar Suri 268 H, 270 Subha Kirti
256 Jinodaya Suri
125 Kisandása
30, 114
125
81

Page #368

52
)
Name
Page No.
Name
Page No.
302
90
177
135
222
221
Kişan Singha 122, 199, 243 Laxmicandra
7, 97, 107, 204 Khetasi
Laxmidāsa
30, 246 Khusal Candra Kåla 25, 141, 152, Laxmi Vallabha Gani 199, 246 Mādhavacandra
255 Br Krisna Dāsa
139
Madhavacandra Trivaidya 69 Krisna Misra
221 Madancandra Sūri
148 Kśemendra Kirti 51, 315 Madana Deva
62 Kumuda Candra
Mahārājā Sawāi Madhosingh 194 Kumăra Kavi
76 Mahādeva
150, 129 Kunda Kundecārya 4, 30, 45, Mahendra Sūri
163, 164 58, 67, 80, 99, 119, Mahara Candra
90 134, 159, 160, 161, 162, Mahesa
58 196, 215, 234 Madhava Dåsa
113 Kunte
26
Madhava Sena Kuśaladhira
Mágha
44. 99, 219 Kuśal Labha
191 Māghapandi
163 Kuttak Kavi
218 Mahắcanda
277 Kutuhala Kavi
Mahananda
266, 274 Labdhi Vijayagani
71 Mahāviräcārya
168 Lābhānanda
Mahicandra
116, 157, 161 Lakba Carana
68 Mabendra Kirti
5 (Vaid) Låkhansiji
87
Mahendraprabha Suri Lakhamidāsa
152 Maheswar
85, 113 Pandit Lakbu
188 Maheśvara Sun
164, 174, 230 Kavi Lākhu
151,194
Maha Candra Laksamana 117, 204, 260 Mahipala
214 Laksmanasena
137
Maladhāri Devaprabha 106 Laksamigani 146, 150 Malli Bhuşa na
204 Lakśmi Candra 160, 204 Mallinātha Suri
144, 219 laxmidhar
218 Mallisena
85, 163, 166 Laxmidhara Bhatta
221 Mammata
104, 218 Laxmi Vallabhagani
167 Mandana
180 Lalacaodra
123, 27- Manaranga Lalacandra Vinodilala 165
Manik Candra
72 Lala Disa
125 Māņikkaraja
11, 44, 151, 291 Lailak
6,62 Manikya Nandi
162 Lala Kāvi 112 Manikya Sundar
148 Lalitakirti 7, 62, 188, 194, 195 Mäņikya Sûri
55 Laxmanācārya
180 | Manna Lala Sangåka
251
240
198
59
116

Page #369

(353
157
Name Page No. Name
Page No. Manna Lala Patni (Khindükā)
Br. Nemi Datia
110, 138 43, 45, 53. 186 Padmanandt 76, 166, 176, 187, 196, Mānságar 89,99
227, 23 Manohar Dása 5,167 Padam-kitti
44, 132 Mântungācārya 73, 125, 176 Padlaipta Süri
163 Mati Sagar
Padma
116, 145 Pandit Medhavi
99 Padma kirti
77 Megharāja
59
Padam Nähha 11, S1, 148, 192, 235, 279 Megha Vijay
108 Padma Sundar
149, 178 Mehau
124, 278 Pandit Padma Vijaya 202 Merutunga 148, 163 Pandit Padåratha
203 Murári 219, 221, 220 Palha Kavi
211, 255 Nāgari Dāsa
Pannā Lāl Caudhari 43, 153, 167, 252 Nārāyana
11 Paramānanda Suri
104 Naina Sågara
201 Paramardideva
31 Nanda Dăsa 313, 314 Pära-adāsa Nigotia
43, 252 Nårcandra Suri 164, 168, 171, 221, 226 Parihānand
153 Narendra Kırtı 118, 235 Parimalla
152 Narendrasena
117 Parswa Candra
179 Narsā
119. 289
Parswanāga Narsena
4. 151. 197 Parwata Dharmarthi 61, 118, 122 Nathamal
197 Pasa Canda
111, 157 Nāihu
Påtānjali
230 Nāthulal Dośi
253 Feterson
25, 31, 35, 40 Natha mal
Prabha Candra 63, 67, 135, 162, 171, Nawal Rāma 53, 179
176, 203 Nayan Candra
179, 231 Prabhacandra 30, 76, 85, 117, 271, 295 Nayan Kırtı
51 Prabodha Candra
118, 196
66 Naya Candra
Prahalāda Nayanambudhi
287
Prakāśa Varśa 44, 144, 219, 269 Nayanasukha
172
Prasanna Candra Suri 150 Nayanandi
5, 44, 46, 146, 226 Prithivi Raj 68, 86, 184, 185, 190 Naya Vijay
158 Pūjyapada 32, 99, 111, 134, 169, 216
180 Nemi Sådhu
218 Pundarika Vithal
50 Nemi Cåndra 9, 14, 97, 99, 119, 135, Puno
202 137, 160, 189, 245 Muni Punya Kirti Nemi Canda Påfni 43
290
Punya Ratana Nemi Candra Suri 147, 150
101, 102, 107
Muni Punya Vijaya Br Nemidasa
86
Upadhyaya Punyasågar
158
236
75
118
102

Page #370

354)
Name
Page No
Name
Page No
231
201
169
139
154
Punyasila gani
177 Sadananda
129 Puranamal Kāyası ha 194, 204 Sadásukha Kasliwal 43, 45, 71, 251, 252 Purana Malla 190
253 Purana Singh
Sadhăru
26, 78, 152, 274 Puspadant 3, 6, 9, 28, 44, 46, 52, 62, Sakal Candra 63, 67, 122, 134, 137, 139, 145, Sakal Bhusaņa
117 207, 208, 209, 226 Sakalkirti 7, 145, 48, 50, 67, 68, 69, 75, (Mahāpandit) Rahul 145
85, 86, 99, 111, 113, 114, 117, Kaidhu' 10, 46, 72, 115, 140, 151,
119, 123, 134, 138, 148, 159, 175, 191, 208, 209, 226, 266
166, 175, 177, 178, 187, 193, Rājamalla 29, 156, 199, 238, 248
201, 203, 208, 225, 231, 232. (Muni) Rāja Canda
113
233, 234, 244, 253, 277, 280, 281 Rājāditya
168
Sākajāyana Raja Krisna
Saktı Kumar
227 Raja Malla 53, 149, 159, 160, 187, 191 Salibhadra Suri Raja Sekhar Suri 77, 104, 163 164, 174, Samal
111, 113, 280 179, 218 Samantabhadracārya 30, 129, 135, Rajasingh 11, 152, 178, 273
162, 176 Rāja Sundar
113 Samaya Sundara
103, 178 219 Ralha 52, 152, 263, 273 (H) Kavi Sankur
222 Ram Candra Sukla
236 Sarvadăpand Suri
147 Rāma Candra 109, 112, 119, 172, 175, Sewa Rāma Patni 74, 77 81, 179, 244 195, 264 Sıvārya or Sivakoti
135 (Mumuksu, Ram Canda 165
Sidhayena Rama Candra Sūns 75, 170, 177 Siddha (Kavisingh)
83, 151 Ram Kumăr Varma
236 Siddharşi
164, 230 Ratan Bhûsana
6, 98, 99, 112 Śllācārya Ratan Bhusana Suri
Siva Canda
253 Ratna Sephas 89 173 Siva Koti
166 Ratna Sekhar Sun
164 Sobhana
177 Ravi Dharma
107 Soma Candra gani
164, 173 Ravisenācārya
63, 137, 149 Somadeva 143, 159, 164, 165, 169, 225 Rişabha Dasa
204
Soma Kavi Risabha Dása Nigotia 245, 252 Sumakirti
164, 204 Rudraja
218 Samasena
138, 191, 193, 235 Ropa Canda 71, 99, 156, 163, 167, 172, Someśvara
218 178, 204, 245 Somprabhācārya
146, 148 Påndey Rupa Candra
161 Somprabha Suri
166 Sadal Misra
313 1 Somasundar
150
10

Page #371

149
[355 Name Page No Name
Paga No. Sri Bhöśana 72. 80, 97, 199, 241, Thakurasi
50, 167, 178, 237 242 Thànsingh
179, 189, 198 Sricandra
164, 172, 226 Todarmal 9, 10, 11, 43, 55, 49, 122. Śridhara 9, 11, 27,75, 148, 150, 163,
135, 151, 161, 178, 187, 184, 195
208(H), 209, 247, 248 Sridhar Bhatta
220 Tribhuvana Kirti
156, 164. 294 Sridharācārya 168 Tribhuvan Swayambhu
145 Sruta Kirti 169,264 Tulasi
294 Śrutsägar 33, 56, 71, 176, 186, Tulasidasa
125, 145 197, 248 Sahuda
203 Sthool Bhadrācārya 2 Udabhata
219 Subha Candra 6, 32, 50, 62, 64, 69, Udainācārya
220 70, 110, 114, 118, 138, Udaivijay.iganı 149, 157, 160, 166, 175, Udyotansări
211 187, 196(H) 201, 203, Ugradityacārya
172 234, 297, 298 Umaswami
4, 33, 116.134 Subha Caudra Suri
Vacaspati misra
220 Subhaga Vijaya 163 Vädıbhasingha
99, 166 Subhata Kavi
Vädıbhusana
234 Sudha Kalasa 174, 179 | Vadırája
177, 235 Sudrak
Vădirijasuri
149 Sukha Deva 99, 304 Vādi Candra
138, 170, 271 Sumatigani
154 Vaidya Bhusana Sumati Kirti 112, 113, 157 Vágbhafta
143 Sumati Sagar
Vahada Deva
216 Sumati Vijay 144 Vahada Rajadeva
216 Sundara Kavi
57 Valhava Sundar dása 246 Vāmana
218 Sürat Misra 314 315(H) | Vámadeva
99 Syama Misra
293, 294 Vardhana (Bh) Surendra Kirti 7, 51, 189, 190 Vardhamana
145, 190, 204 225 Swaroop Canda bila la 43 53, 175 / Vardhamana Suri Svayambhu 44, 46, 50, 137, 145, 172 | Vardhamana Bhattārak 176,226 Vasavacandra
255 Tānu Sah
61 Vastupal
78, 111, 144 Tejapal 8, 82, 86 99, 201, 229 262 Vasunandı
32, 175, 197 Tekacanda 43, 110 175, 179 Ācārya Vattaker
134 Thakkar
86, 140 Vayararsena Thakkar Pberu 28, 168 Venidaśa
114
171
171
Vadiraja
95
78
147
213
144
217

Page #372

356)
Jamna Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan
Name
Page No.
Name
Page No.
178
129
174
107
97
147
Vidya Bhosaņa 117, 138, 139, 165, Visalakirti
83, 97, 176 198, 238, 291, 292 | Viśva Bhusana
73, 149, 294 Vidyananda
Viswanatha Vidya Sagar
61 Visva Sambhu Vidyānandi 63. 129, 134, 149, 162 Viswa Sen
175, 176, 238 193, 216 Viweka Samadra Brahma Vira 256 Vivekaprabha
147, 148 Vira Dása 204 Vrindāvana
175, 179 Visakhadatta
171
Vücarāja 45, 78, 120, 167, 178, 196 Vijay Kirti 84, 114, 138, 149, 153
237, 285, 286 166, 234, 250, 279, 299, 298 V. P Johrapavrkar Vijaysingh 56 Vrinda
45, 46 Vijayasingha suri
Vrişabha Nandi
85, 267 Bhattarka Vijay Kirti
Vyasa
230 Vijayseda 167, 288 Winternitz
131, 163 Vijaya Vallabh Suri 35 Yogabindu
230 Vikrama 90, 143 Bhattarak Yashakurti
295 Vilha
Yasha Kirti
299 Vilhana
268 H) Yaśah Kırti
11, 28, 97, 116, 140 Vimaldasa
104
151, 171, 196, 240 Vimala Suri 104, 145, 111 Yasah Kirtigani
216 Vinay Candra
144, 152 Brahma Yashodhara 112, 123, 288, 299 Vinayprabha
154 Acărya Yasodhar (Upadhyaya) Vinayasagar 86, 250 Yasonandi
78, 175 Vira 46, 62, 146. 174, 116, 166 | Yasovijayagani
117, 159, 163 Vircanda 177 Yogadeva
67, 78 Vira Nandi 58. 85, 142, 225 Yogindu
217, 159 Višākhadatta 220 'Zoräwar Singh
206
288
221

Page #373

APPENDIX VI OTHER THAN AUTHORS
92
204
Name Page No. Name
Page No. Abhaya Kumar
213 Bahlol lodi
29 Abhayarāja Nähță
Bahubali
154 249 Adidālb 1, 36, 62, 63, 67, 70, 119, 124, Bala Rāma (H)
190 143, 233, 268, 277 Balcanda
252, 311 (H) Abhinandan Swami 119, 120 (Dewan) Bālcanda Chabrá 7, 8, 9, 42 Agarcanda Nahța
91 Bālacandra Jain
115 Agarmalla
Basant Sena
153 Ahadása
123 Bhagwāndāsa
203, 204 Ajaipala (Ajaypăla) 24, 31, 83 Māhārājā Bhagwāna Dasa 198, 199, 239 Ajätaśatru
. 132
Sridhar R. Bhandarkar 25, 26, 40, 101, Ajaideva II 83
102, 106 Akbar 29, 61, 96, 125, 185, 194, 234 Bhanwarlal Rampuria 94 Ali Khån
309 (H) Bhanumati
90 Allauddīna Khilji 28, 89, 121, 151, 279, Rajā Bhármalla
188, 197 309 Bhāvsingh
186 Amarcanda Bilala
Mahārāja Bbāvsingh (H) 192 Amarcanda (Dewan) 8, 42, 53, 253 Bhima
216 Amarcanda Godika
Bhimadeva
714 Amoghavarsa 137, 168 Bhimagupta
191 Ananda Rama 65, 203, 248 Bhimasena
164 Ananda Sagarji Maharaj 108, 118 Bhima Vijaya
202 Ananda Singha
90 Bhoja
243 Ananta Rám Mahālaj)
204 Sanghavi Bhojani
314 (H) Āgāji
93
(Setha) Bija Anangapal
27, 184 Bīkaji Anirudha
111
Bimal Dăsa chābră Arithanemi
132
Brahmi Asoka
Mahārāja Budhasingh Āte
273
Cāmundarāya Aurangazeb
29, 42, 96, 186 Maurya Candra Gupta Badan singha (H)
185
Canda Hari Badhicanda 49, 50, 63, 67, 110, 122 Candusă ha Bahadur singha Banthiya
95
Caritrodaya
65
242
42
190

Page #374

3581
Name
Page No.1
Name
Page No.
94
33
229
Cārudatta
153 Jambu Swāmi
152, 155 Сагара 40, 222, 287 Jasodhara
211 Chajulal Sah
Jaśawant singh
303 (H) Chājurāma
Jasawant singh Rathore 240 Chatti Bài
(Yati) Jayakarāja Dăbir
King Jayapāla
219 Damyanti
Jaya Singh Sidha Ray
8 Dănmal Copra
Muni Jayasingha
202 Dån Sågar
Mahårája Jayasingh Deva 211, 212 Däså
Jina Bhadra
160 Dåsă Devcanda
Jinadatta
89, 146, 151, 152, 273 Deyada 105, 220, 221 Jindo
204 Caudhari Dovaraj
9, 151 Jivandhar
142, 155, 166 Devarāja 86, 177, 259
Jhuntha Rám Sanghi 42, 57 Dhana Candra
214 Caudhari Jodhpură
202 Dhanarāja
6, 188 Jogidaśa
311 (H) Dhanasiri
Kalha
99 Dhanya Kumār
146
Kåma Dharmanatha
142
Karmāde Dharņa Sab
Karma Tilak Sabu Divara
Säh Karmana
195 Yati Dudha Canda
96
K B. Šāstri Sanghapati Dūngar 235, 279
Kāsima Khan
263 Dungar yati
107
Keli Natha Dungarsi
Keśarimal Gangwäl
210 Dulha
Pandit Keso Dulicand Sethia
Kısan Deva Feroza Sab
Khemacanda
93 Jagat singh
53, 186, 253 Khemå Sådhu
246 Jagajivana 204 Khemit
188 (Rao) Jagrama Pandya
42
Khidar Khan Jagrupa
Khinvasi
47, 63, 208 Jahangira
Raja Kilān
188 (Upadhyâya) Jaicand
91 Kripärām Påndya
9, 42 (King) Jaisal
103
Br. Kripa Råma 271, 304 Sawai Jai Singh 9, 42, 43, 57, 160, 188, / Krşpaprsi
160, 166 187, 200, 247, 255, 314 Krişna Sharma
99 Jagannatha Rao
Ksema Kalyan
88, 91 Jalal Khan
28, 140
Ksemarāja
196 196 202
28
35
180
204
194
99 185
63

Page #375

1359
Name
294
33
94
23
256
155
Name Page No
Page No Kumārpål 8, 13, 24, 45, 143, 151,218 | Mohmmad Sah
216 Kumār Singh
215
Mohandasa Kušala sagara
147
Mohandása Bhāvasa Muni Kusal singh
117
Mohan Lal Kusarāja
148
Mohanlal Deepcand Pāndya Lūnakaran 47, 256, 262, 271 Moja Ram Loka Nātha Sastri
33 Mool canda
12 Lohada (Sah) 186, 198 Moti
204 Lihaveha
211 Dr Moticand
207 Laxmi Raja
289
Moticanda Magan Bhai Lālcanda yati
Motham Khaz.inci
93 94 Lālacanda Sumi
Muhammad bin Qāsim 23 (Mahatma) Lal chand 99
Muhammad Ghazni Lala
222
Muhammad Tughlaq 44,96 Brahma Lala
Mukund. Dása
75 Br. Dahad
124 Nigabhatta
201 (Rao) Lunakaran
87
Nagakumāra Mahavira 1, 2, 65, 66, 119, 120, 130 Nägasti
155, 312 131, 132, 138, 176, 206 Sāhu Nikhatů
259 Mahmûda Ghazani
Nalha
88 Mahimā Bhakti
Nanda Lal Chabrá
43 Maināsundari
Nanda Rāma
190 Malde Rathore 202 Nandisena
177 Malu
Nanna
8.9 Mandavi
Nānū Godh.
8,67, 234 Mangal Mahasri
211 Śah Nănu Mangalcanda Malukā 94
Narasingh
62 Mangalcanda Jhalok
Nathu âm Mānmal Kothari
Näthú Rām Premi
240 (Raja) Mansingh 8, 67, 66, 188, 234, Nathmal Vilālā
82, 157 238, 287 Nattala Säh
10,27 Marudevi
Sah Nemā
3 188 Mathur misra
98 Nem
206, 287 Maya Rāma
244
Nemināth 44, 80, 111, 119, 120, 138, 137, Mayesara
141, 143, 153, 205. 264 283 Medhāvi
Br Neninátha
148 Mohad
214 Padmaprbha
147, 168, 178 Mohammad Ghori
198 King Paesi
132,
23
88
155
213
94
94
207
85

Page #376

360
)
Name
Page No.
Name
Page No.
42
109
8
42
235
Paharăja
6 Rām candra chabră
42 Pähila
103 Rămacandra Rão
62, 63, 196 Palhada
213 Ramadāsa
71 Pandirsingh
283 (H) Råmacandra (Bälaka) 89, 90.152 Pandalal (Ailak)
120
Rana Sangrama Singh 61, 77 Pandālal 28, 34, 50 Rao Jaitesi
222 Parasvanath 62, 63, 70, 119, 126, 139, Ratancanda Sah 140 142, 177, 255, 260, 270, 303 Ratna Candra
116, 149 Tarśva Nath
255, 260, 266, 270 (Bhattārak) Ratan candra 149 Pása Sah
Ratan Bhānu
30 Patamdey
Rātanai
303, 304 (H) Picine Loti
Ratna Kiru
91, 157 Pethadadeva
Ratan Muniji
108 Sahu Phamad 234 King Ratan sen
309 Phozūrām
73
Raya Candra chabrá Poma Raja
Ridhi sägar Pradyumna
78, 148, 274 Ridhivarji Mahātāja Sawai Pratapsingh 180 Rışabhadeva
1, 207 Pratap Singh 43, 60 Rūpani
11 Pratihårendra Raja
219 Sabri Sahib
60 Śrávika Pārvati 303, 304 Sidha
215 Prema Rama
191 Sadhu Bhullan
9 Prithavi Raja III
198 Sådhu Ratan
174 Prithaviraj Rathora
Sadhu Sundarganı
174 Prithvi Raju Vijay
Sahajapal
10 Pāna singh
231 Sahjahan
29, 96, 185 Punni Bar
92 Sahbuddin Gaun
83, 230 Purudeva 143 Salım Sah Suri
62 Puskar Malla 266, 274 Sambhavanatha
103, 262 Raghunātha 50, 51 Sångän
143 Raghuraj
54 Sangram singha
195, 196 Raghu Rama
171
Sangha Vakatja Rajendra Sürs
108 Sankaradása Nahțā
92 Rajmati
88 Sanghadaśa Văcak
104 Rajula 61, III, 217 śāntı Kusa!
54, 157 (Mahopadhyāya) Rama Lal 92
Sãotamati Gaņi
213 Răma 113, 117, 125. 137, 154 Santi Natha
138, 177, 256 Rambhadevi
247 Santi sūri
148
54
83
31

Page #377

[361
Name
Name
Page No. 219 220 990 270 203
Page No. 72, 148, 158 202
201 151
185
71 132 190
96
177 150
262
167
143 123 168 125, 154 88
69 304
109
53
168 290
294
125
Santi Vijay Sasidhara Satişa Candra Šāstri Saubhagya Kirti Sekha Br. Sekhar Sidha påla Sidhanta Harşa Siddha suri Sikandar Lodi Simhanandi Singhadása Singhatilak Suri Sită Silangācārya Sivjilal Sobha Canda Nigotia Someswar Bhaļţa Somtilak Śri Candra Sari Sodhala Somdeva Sūri Śrangadeva Śricanda Gadhaiya Sriharsa Lachirăma Sripala Sriya Sri Săptăcărya Srivallabhagani srivardhana Harşa Subhaśīla Sudarsana Sukumāla Sulocana Sati Sumatati Sumati upadhyāya Yati Sumermal
Sundar Suri Sundar Vijay Sundari Surajmal Surajamal jata Suriyābha Mabarāja Sürya sena Tara canda Tatlera Srāvaka Thila Tikam canda Tilak Prabha Suri Tulok Patni Tula Rama Udarsingh Udayana Udayprabha Udi Kalyan Ganı Udai Sena Udhodása Umer Vadideva sūri
Pndit Vaiza (King) Vaianga Vastupal Vatsarāja Vegrāja Vesali Vidyadhara Vigrah Raja Deva Vingjung Sundar Vinami
Rājadhiraja Viramdeva Vijay Candra Kevalin Vijay deva sun
(King) Vikrama Vikramāditya Vimalanātha Vinay Kumar
244 104 163 213 212
77 180
96 104, 220
94 155, 259
23
273 150
119 143 8, 11, 24
87 119 132
105 83, 213
202 206 202 164 107, 157 148 287
174 172 148 146, 155 156 271 148 150
95

Page #378

362)
Name
Page No.
Name
Page No.
105
33 32, 86 150
83
291, 292 59
Vinod Vijay Virácarya Viradeva Gani Virama deva Virasuri Viraprabha suri Virasena
(Raja) Virata Virdhicanda
30 150
Visakhadeva Visáladeva Visvasepa sūri Yasodånanda Yasodeva Yasodeva sūri Yasodhara (King) Yatindra Kumăr Šāstri
150
147
134
104, 213
143 100
60, 252

Page #379

APPENDIX VII CITIES, TOWNS & VILLAGES
Name
Page No.
1
Name
Page No.
30
83
108
68
Adhai Dwipa
13, 52
204, 207, 217, 219, 222, 228, Ābu 183, 278
233, 234, 238, 245, 246, 247, 251 Agrā 18, 29, 48, 57, 125, 152, 183, 185, Anabalpur
280 234, 241, 253, 293, 296, 314 Anadapur
240, 302, 303 (H) Ahi-chattrapur
96 Anhila Pattan
212, 214, 218 Ahipur
96 Antarpur
125 Airacha
275, 276 (H) Arrah Akola
Ānāsāgr lake Ahemdā båd 5, 10, 25, 115, 229 Avăn
190 Ahore
Băgha Ajaimeru Durga (Ajmer) 83
Balatora Ajmer 5, 12, 20, 24, 28, 37, 41, 47, 49, Banäs (River)
50, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, Banswara 65, 67, 68, 69, 71, 73, 75, 83, Baitath
191, 233, 234, 235, 248 84, 85, 122, 139, 140, 148, Barån Nagar
187, 227 151, 159, 183, 187, 198, 201, Baroda
30, 31 203, 205, 209, 210, 211, 213, Baswa 20, 43, 62, 141, 210, 248, 205 217, 220, 222, 226, 231, 238, Bayāna
20, 71, 78, 79, 80, 81 250, 252, 253, 268, 295 296, 300 | Berār
26, 30 Ajntā
24 Bhadwa
71 Ajodhya (H)
Bhainslåna Alyoor
36, 71 Bharatpur 12, 20. 39. 41, 43, 60, 64, 71, Alwar 12, 39, 41, 43, 60, 18
72, 74, 75, 122, 183, 185, 186, Amragarh 188
205, 209, 210, 244, 248 Ambārısı
Bhinamala
230 Ambarisinagar
187 Bhiloda
315. (H) Ambavati
Bhinasår Āmer (Ambera) 5,9, 10, 20, 23, 24, 39, Bihar
25 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 50, 63, 66, Bijolia (Vijolia) 67, 68, 75, 78, 122, 141, 143, Bikaner 5, 12, 14, 39, 41, 68, 87, 94. 95, 151, 153, 183, 187, 188, 189,
144, 147, 148, 151, 158, 163, 190, 193, 197, 199, 202, 203,
185, 186, 187, 203, 206, 207,
312
71
188
187
95
96

Page #380

364 ]
Name
Page No.
217, 219, 222. 226, 236 Bombay 25. 34, 91, 101 Bündi 12, 39, 41, 119, 120, 121, 122, 124, 157, 183, 185, 186, 187, 191, 192, 193, 205, 210, 217, 222, 238, 245, 249, 270, 271, 285, 286, 289, 298, 312. 313 Căksu (Catsu) 10, 42, 43, 183, 195, 197, 198, 237, 238 13 132, 278, 312
187, 195, 196, 198, 238
Cambay
Campă
Cawpavati
Candawati
Candrapur
Cauluka
Central Province
Ceylon
Chittor
Cúru
13
52
35
26, 30, 101
309 89, 115, 183, 187, 227, 229, 235 64, 94, 96, 222 122, 124, 270, 271 20, 43, 64, 65, 244 12, 71, 74, 244
Dabalānā
Dausă
Deeg
Delhi, Indraprăşttpur Joginipur, Dhili 27, 28, 29, 39, 41, 42 44, 46, 59. 60, 64, 97, 111, 121, 148. 151, 183, 184, 194, 215, 231, 233,
246, 272, 296, 300
229
Dilwădă
Deoli
Devagiri
Devarājpur
Dhalaka
Dholpur
Dooni
Dravyapur
Dungarpur
Dwarka Egypt
61
64
216
13
60
24, 61, 190
70
5, 10, 12, 39, 41, 113, 183, 187, 200, 231, 232, 233, 235
288, 219 23
Name
Elk ra
Fatehpur Sekhāvati)
Galtā
42
95
Ganganagar Gohāda
124
Gopacala (Gwalior) 30, 76, 77, 148, 287 Gujjardeśa 151 Gujrat
3, 9, 11, 14, 30, 95, 232, 233, 234
Hãḍauti Pradeśa Hanumangarh Hindaun
Hisär
Page No
24, 205 24, 64, 187, 251,
309, 362
Hyderabad
Indergarh India
192
96
82, 293, 294
285
25
122, 124, 126 1, 2, 9, 10, 14, 23, 24, 25, 27, 35, 36, 39, 42, 48, 78, 96, 98, 100,
205, 253, 272
Indore
Indrapur Itawah
30 140 79 5
Jainbidri
Jaipur 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 28, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48, 49, 51, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 78, 110, 122, 124, 139, 140, 143, 145, 148, 149. 151, 152, 156, 159, 160, 161, 171, 172, 179, 180 183, 184, 185, 186, 190, 191, 193, 196, 197, 198, 199, 201 202, 204, 205, 207, 208, 209 210, 215 216, 217, 218, 222, 226, 229 233, 234, 236 238, 241, 244, 245, 247, 248, 252, 254, 256, 259, 260, 262, 264, 266 269, 271, 273, 274, 275, 281. 283, 287, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 297, 304, 308, 311, 314 Jaisalueer 5, 10, 12, 13, 23, 24, 25, 31, 39,

Page #381

Name
Page No.
40, 41, 83, 90, 96, 100, 101, 102, Kekari 103, 107, 144, 145, 147, 148.) Khambat 149, 150, 154, 158, 170, 180, Khandelä 183, 187, 203, 205, 206, 210, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 255, 267, 269, 314 42, 246
139
102, 278
13, 52, 55
Jaisingpura Jahanābāda
Jalore
Jambu Dwipa Jangal Desa
Jāvacha
Jerhat city
Jhalawar
Jhalara patan
Jhânsi
Jhunjhunu
68, 246
Jobner
54, 231
Jodhpur, 39, 41, 87, 96, 97, 109, 124, 144.
183, 186, 198, 218 31 294
95
Kälinjar
Kalpavaili
Kālu
Kāmā 12, 20, 71, 75, 76, 77, 78, 122, 199,
217, 241, 244, 275
241
Kāmāgarh
Kanāra
Kanpur
Kansa
Karahala
Karakal
Karanja
Karnatak
Karauli
Karnavati
Kashi
Kashmir
96
283
264
41, 191
120
275
Kesoraipǎțan Kathhad
35
275
214
260
36
Name
60, 75, 82
13
35
219
39
185
Page No.
69 10, 25, 34, 202 249 Kota 12, 39, 41, 117, 118, 122, 126, 185, 187, 191, 217, 222, 229, 266, 302
Kucămana
Kumbhalgarh
Kumbhānā
Kumher
Lahore
Loharü
Lohâvat
Lälsot
Lavana Samudra
Limbidi
Locanapura
Lohagarh
Lohāwat
Macheri
Madhya Pradesh Madras
Magadh
Mahābhārat
Mahårästra
Malpura
Malwa
Mändalgarh
Mandantak
Mandavgarh
Manyakhetă
Mārotha
5, 25, 26, 30 Mathura
234
Matsya Desa Medpat Mertagarh
Meria Road
Mewar
365
109
187
278
71, 74
26, 243, 309
59
107
42, 203
55
33
121
42 144 60 25, 26, 229
25, 35 2 60
48
24, 43, 70, 71, 187, 303
234
74, 183, 187, 230
201
8
9
24
278
60, 136, 191
7 202
109, 187, 201, 202
115, 227, 229, 230, 233 Mozamābād 24, 39 43, 66, 205, 208, 209, 222, 233, 238

Page #382

366 ]
Name
Mount Abu
Mundahâta
Multan
Müdbidri
Nāgapur Nagaur
Nainvä
Nalakachapura
Nandiswara Dwipa
Nayanpur
Pachabhadra
Patliputra
Phägi
Phalodi
Phulera
Poona
23 35, 36, 134 96, 124
5, 7, 10, 12, 20, 23, 39, 96, 97,
102, 109, 124, 139, 140, 143, 148, 151, 159, 183, 187, 203, 205, 208, 210, 217, 218, 219, 226, 228, 255, 256 121, 122, 124, 288, 299
147
Prahladanpur
Pratpgarh
Punjab
Raj Guhi
Rājusihan
Page No
8, 39
212
Rajmahal Rajputǎnǎ
Rampur
Ranakpur Ranthambhore
Name
Ratangarh
Rewari
Risabhadeva
Sādaḍi
Rudra Palli
Sagwara
55
6
109 274, 266
Palamy
Pali
109, 238, 278, 291
Paluwa
111
Pandu Hill
190
Panipat
294
13, 24, 25, 30, 31,
Pătan (Pattan) 5, 10, 147, 154, 202, 211, 231, 255 (H)
2, 3
244
Sekhawati
108
Shergarh
71, 109, 198
Serpur
26, 48
Sikar
13, 214, 268 (H) Sindh
41 25, 26 278
9, 12, 14. 24. 27, 39, 40, 41,
44, 60, 64, 62, 58, 56, 54, 52
58, 172, 190
1
14, 83, 101
243
39, 124, 278
58, 122, 123, 183, 187,
193, 194, 195, 239
Saharanpur
Sahiwad
Sähjahanpur Sakambhari
Sapāda Laksa
Şalumvar
Sambhar
Sāngāner
83, 198
198 315 10, 83, 96, 198
10, 14, 23, 39, 43, 45, 50, 75, 141, 153, 161, 183, 187, 189, 199, 200, 239, 241, 242, 243, 246, 248, 251
Sankhană
Sapad Laksa Pradesa Sardarśahar Sawai Madhopur
Siriujpur Sirohi
Sisaväli
Skandhanagar
10, 116, 124, 187, 200, 201
203, 235
Sojat
Sonipat
Sri, Mahavirji
Page No
96
71, 123
115
278
221
Stambha Tirthanagar
Sujaugarh
Surat Taksaka Garha
28
42
304
203 96 95, 98 126, 179, 193, 194,
195, 243 251
193, 294
7, 195
59, 64
23
227, 228, 229
229
124 112, 288
29, 39, 109, 238
29
78
215
96
7, 33, 194
61, 235

Page #383

(367
Name
Page No.
Name
Page No.
62
3
Todapatanna
Vair
71, 81 Todåraisingh 10, 43, 61, 63, 183, 187, Vairath
138 235, 249 Vallabhi Tibdha city
274 Vatapadrak
213 Tonk 12, 41, 61, 68, 172, 190, 303 Videh Kśetra Udaipur 12, 39, 41, 61, 109, 110, 115, Vijapur
141, 183, 185, 186, 187, 201, Vijaynagar
204, 206, 216, 226, 232, 233. Vijolia 248, 279, 280, 288, 296, 309, 315 Visālsagar lake
83 Uniyåra
190
Visalpur Ujjain 42, 124 Vrandāvati
120, 193 Uttar Pradesh
25
Yoginipur 27, 44, 46, 50, 111, 215, 216
35
62
278

Page #384

INDEX OF PRINTED BOOKS
(1) Adhyatma Rahasya of Asadhara, published from Vira Sewa Mandir, Delhi.
(2) Ajmer-Historical & Descriptive by Harvilās fārdā.
(3) Anekanta Jaya Pataka published by YJG series, Bhavnagar.
(4) Anekanta Vāda Praveśa published by Hem Candra Sabha, Ratlam
1919 series No. 3.
(5) Ancient India Vol. I to IV by T, L. Sah.
(6) Ardha Kathanaka of Banari Dasa, edited by Nathu Rama Premi.
(7) Apabhraṁśa Sahitya by Harivansa Kochada published by Bharti Sahitya Mandir, Delhi
(8) Adipurana of Jinasenācārya published by Bhartiya Gyana Pitha, Käshi (9) Adhyatma-Upnisat of Yesovijaygani-Published in JDPS Series, Bhavnagar (10) Atmānuśāṣana of Gunabhadra-Published
from Jaina Grantha Ratnāksr
Karyalaya, Bombay
(11) Bhartiya Jaina Śramana Samskriti Ane Lekhan Kala by Muni Punya Vijay. (12 Bhattaraka Sampradaya by V P. Johrapurkar
(13) Bikaner Jaina Lekha Sangrah edited by Agarcandra Bhanwar Lal Nähtä
(14) Candra Prabha Carita of Yasodeva published in the Atmavallabh series
No. 9, Ambālā,
(15) Dasavaıkalı Sütra published in DCP Series No, 47, Bombay 1918.
(16) Epigraphia Indica.
(17) History of Jaina Monachism by S S Deo.
(18) History of Muslim Rule by Iswari Prasad.
(19) History of Indian Literature by Winternitz Part 11
(20) History of Rajputana by G S Ojha
(21) Hindi Sahitya ka itihasa by Acarya Ram Candra Sukla
(22) Hindi Sahitya kā Ālocanatmak Itihasa by Dr. Rama Kumar Varma.
(23) History of Jodhpur State by G, S Ojha Part I
(24 History of Bikaner State by G. S Ojha Part I.
(25) Jaina Miniature Paintings from Western India by Dr. Moti Candra.
(26) Khartaragacha Guravali published by Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan, Bombay.
(27) Kriya Ratna Samuccaya of Davendra Süryia published by Y. G. Series,
Varanasi 1908.
(28) Lati Samhita of Raja Malla-Published from Manika Candra Digambara Jaina Granthamala Bombay. 1937.
(29) Mahabandha edited by Sumer Canda Diväkar Published from Bhartiya Gyana Pitha, Kashi
(30) Mediaeval Jainism by S. A. Saletore,
(31) Nandi Sutra, Published by R, K Sanstha Ratlam, 1928.

Page #385

1 369
(32) Pndam Purana of Daulat Rama-Published from Sasti Grantha Mala, Delhi. (33) Prasasti Sangrah of Amer Sastra Bhandar edited by K. C. Kasliwal and published by S D Jaina A. Ksetra, Sri Mahaviraji. (34) Prākāśita Jaina Sahitya by Panna Lai Jain, Delhi.
(35) Parikśă Mukha of Manikya Nandi-Published in Manik Candra Grantha Mälä, Bombay.
(36) Puratan Vakya Súci by Jugal Kishorh Mukhtar and pubished by Vira Sewa Mandir, Delhi
(37) Pradrumna Carita edited by C. S Dasa Nyayatirtha and K. C. Kasliwal
(38) Rajasthani Bhasa Aur Sahitya by Moti Lal Menaria.
(39) Samavāyānga Sutra with commentary of Abhayadeva, Agamodaya Samiti, Mehasānā. 1918.
(40) Samayasara Natak of Banarsidāsa published from Sasti Grantha Mala Delhi. (41) Samyam Manjari Katha-published in G. O. S in the year 1918
(42) Updeśa Tarangini-Published in the YIG Series No 26-Banaras.
(43) Yogāsāra of Amitigati published from Bhartiya Jaina Siddhant Prakaśni Sanstha, Calcutta.
CATALOGUES
(44) Amer Sästra Bhandar ki Grantha Suci edited by Shri K C Kasliwal and published by S. D. Jaina A. Ksetra Sri Mahaviraji.
(45) Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit Manuscripts in Central Province and Berar by Rai Bahadur Hira Lal B A.
(46) Catalogues of Manuscripts in Punjab Jaina Bhandars, by Banarsidasa Jaina published by Puniab University Library Lahore in 1939
(47) Catalogue of Jaina Sidhant Bhawan, Arrah edited by Suparsvadas Gupta M A. (48) Catalogue of Jaina Bhandars Limbidi published by Agamodaya Samiti
Bombay 1228
(49) Catalogues of Jaisalmer Bhandars published by the
Central Library,
Baroda, in 1928.
(50) Grantha Suci of Jaisalmer Bhandar edited by Muni Punya (Under Print) (51) Descriptive catalogue of manuscripts in the Jaina Grantha Bhandārs at Patan by C. D. Dalal published by Orinental Institute Baroda, 1937.
(52) Jaina Granthavalı published by Jaina Swetambar Conference, Bombay 1919 (53) Kannara Prantlya Taḍapatriya Granth Suci by K, B Sastri published by Bhartiya Gyan Picha-Kashi 1948.
(54) Rajasthan ke Sastra Bhandar ki Grantha Suci, Part II and III & IV by K. C. Käsliwal M. A. and A C. Nyayatirtha and published by S D. Jaina A. Kietra śrī Mahaviraji, Mahavira Bhawan Jaipur.

Page #386

370
)
(55) Suryapura Ancka Jaina Pustak Bhandargåra Darsika Sûci published by Moti
Candra Magan Bhai, 1938. (56) Sri Khambhāt Såntinātha Pracina Tadapatiya Jaina Bhandárku Saci Patra
prepared by Vinay Kumar Suri and published by Mohanlal Deep Canda
MAGAZINES
(57) ANEKĀNTA-Delhi. (58) Illustrated Weekly-Bombay. (59) VIRAVĀŅI-Jaipur.

Page #387

मैज्ञयाणयास्याताविगषणमलयाप्रियद्वालयाबानमा गर्यकवितामरणा अज्ञातयसलाइनितात्पर्यहनापय समावेदिकादशीनाशनमायानरहनिरंताधिकारे में शनिकायबद्धप्रतियारकनामाभिधममहाधिकारनंतर येवशकाथानदेशक तराधिकारैर्नवपदार्थनियाद कातिमनोहितीयमहाधिकारवादन ... शिनिगाथामिर्शदशहना ११ कमायेप्रतिपादकासिमानतीयमहान १५ कारर्थकारत्रयममुदायनी काशीन्सबारशनगाथालि पंचाधिकावश चनमाजESS DISORNI SE N SHUHARELETEart रम्परावामगघेलायोगिना रेसमा रामावलीममा कमन्ना की गयामदानापोवलितबयोतकानयपरमश्रावकलवर
Earliest written manuscript of Pancastikāya samvat 1329 (1272,A.D.)
कडकरवाश्यातिनिशिणवगन विनविहाळयनमा ...ण्यमयश्या नागर वमीदिवसालिदियधामगाणाकणामयमध्यभामंzewalinsanादना श्रीकाष्टायप्रेमाधुरायाधुधरगतिहारकीदधमनदेवालातत्यश्रीविमललनवानEN) धर्मप्रमनदेवानमित्यहीनावसेनदेवाडातन्यदृश्रीमहन्मकादिवानाश्रीवत्यनिमियादेव) शतस्यीयपकीर्मिदेवारा श्रीमदनर्वत्र देवान्द्रालिक्षित नकुशानावराणम् निपटनायीमागलपनि मनांगुलवना मागल्यददाखलाडिका ग्रंथसुरगा.. काइपाशनाथपुस्तक डिस्पचंदेना
पत्र तपासताहिकक्षमा
(UN
Old manuscript of parsvapurana (Padma Kirti) written in samvat 1494 (1437AD.)

Page #388

Jinadatta Charita Composed in Samwat 1354, and preserved
in the Grantha Bhandar of Jain Temple Pagodi, Jaipur

Page #389

34
.
CA
.
SA
Pradyumna Charita Composed in Samwat 1411 (1354 A, D.) Preserved in the Shăstra Bhandar of Jain Temple Badhichand, Jaipur

Page #390

Wooden Plate of twentyfour Tirthankars according to their colour.
VPs de
Preserved in the Grantha Bhandar of tholiya Jain Temple, Jaipur
Mahakavi Pushpadanta and Minister Bharat
Illustrated Adipurana Dated 1538 A. D. preserved in the Shastra Bhandar of Bada Mandir Jai

Page #391

4.
3
wa
Pandit Sadasukha Kasliwal of Jaipur ( 19th Century )

Page #392

Wooden Plate with silver work Dated 18th Century
Preserved in the Grantha Bhanļār of Chodhariyan Ka Mandir Jaipur
One illustration from Yashodhar Charita Dated 18th Century
Preserved in the Grantha Bhandar of Pandyå Lunkaran, Jaipur

Page #393

वोर सेवा मन्दिर
पुस्तकालय +-05-14546) KAS Ett Kastival, Kastoor Chand
Jaina tirantha Bhandary
लेखक
strat in
Rajasthan 4174

Page #394
_