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230 EPIGRAPHIA INDICA
[VOL. XXXII ourave form which appears to be the origin of the modern Karani (i.e. pertaining to the writer 08.ste) foxm of the letter. But the most interesting letter is ! which is found only in Oriya and not in Bengali. This letter has not been traced in Orissan epigraphs earlier than the thirteenth oentury. Mediale, which has been only once used in line 29, is of the Oriya type. Of initial vowels, the insoription uses a lines 16, 18, 24), ā (lines. 10, 20-21, 24, 26-27, 31), i (lines 15-16, 20, 23, 25, 28, 31-32), u (lines 11, 15-16, 27) and ė (lines 7, 10, 12-14, 16, 20, 22-23, 26, 28-30, 33). The numerical figures 1, 2, 5, 7, 8 and 0 are found in the record (cf. lines 3, 11, 18). Of these, 1 is of the Telugu, 2 of the Oriya, 5 of the Telugu-Oriya and 8 of the Gaudiya-Oriya type. The Siddham symbol at the beginning and the two punctuation marks (meant for a double danda) as the end look like the figure for 2.
The language is Oriya though there is a little influence of Sanskrit at the beginning of the epigraph. The composition exhibits carelessness on the part of the soribe. Some of the expressions used in the record are not found in modern Oriya. The orthography is characterised by A tendency to use the medial forms of i and u instead of medial i and u respectively. Indeed medial i has been used only once in bhikshā (line 29, the word being elsewhere spelt as bhiksha) and medial 14 once in sujya (line 33) for Sanskrit surya. We know that y, when it is initial or the component of cortain conjunots, is pronounced as j in the East Indian dialeots in which v is I monounced as band ksh as kkh. The inscription uses y for j in vā(vi)yê (line 2) for Sanskrit vijaya (of. jētë kāļa for Sanskrit yat-kāla in lines 32-33) and represents the original sound of y by ia as in aria (line 24) for Sanskrit afitika. Interesting are the following modifications of Sanskrit words:
lagha for simha, dëvaba for devasya, pravradhamāna for pravardhamāna, viye-rājë for vijayambya, Kātrika-krishna for Kärttika-krishna, Ravi for Ravi, Kittīvāsa for Krittivāsas (or Kirttivāsa), SIhèsvara for Siddhestara, madha for matha, asa and āusa for ayus, Taparāja-māhāmuni for 1'epörāja-mahämuni, Luggabhata-ächäya for Durgābhatt-ācharya, Utrësara-nāëka for Uttard dvara*dyaka, trihseka for trim satka, sünå for svarna, kalantara for kal-äntara, Siva for Siva, !'apachakravarti for Tapaschakravurtin, sthānā-pati for sthāna-pati, räsi for radi, Pandi for Pāndya, eto. The expressions dikshā kari (line 31), āchāvanta (line 31), tapasänkā (line 32) and chadra
bine 33) are defective, standing respectively for dikshā lābha kari, achära vanta, tāpasānika (or tä pasāmānanka) and chandra: There are several other errors of this kind in the epigraph. The (18e-endinge added to bases in a ane : e for both nominative singular (as in Duggăbhaje in line 15,
chāye in line 21) and locative singular or plural (as in rāja-Sanskrit rājyê in line 2, děse=Sanskrit d}&ëshu in line 30); ki (as in Chakravatiki in line 25) and nka or hikara (as in "depankara in lines 5-6, nãēkankara in line 12, tapasänka for tāpasātika in line 32, kāļanka in line 24) for genitive singular or plural; kai or rikai for dative singular (as in kiläkai in line 24, achāyarkai in line 10): rai (for të in modern Oriya) for locative singular or plural (as in hätharai-hätharë); rkara-tahn for ablative (as in nāëkarikara tahu in line 12). Among verbal derivatives, the following forms of the gerund occur in the epigraph : dèi (i.e. having given) in line 16, süni (i.e. having heard) and vôli (literally having spoken' but used in the sense of 'because') in line 22, hõi (i.e. having been) in lines 30-31, kari (i.e. having done) in line 31. The following are verbs in the Past Tense: hala (i.e. did or made) in lines 10 and 16, ghētalā (i.e. took or borrowed) in line 12, ho ila (i.e. became) in lines 19-20, 22-23, dhila for dilā (i.e. gave) in line 26. For the verbal forms detsä in line 8 and karāiva in lines 28-29, ses dēvā in Plate VI B, lines 5 and 11 of the Puri Plates (B) of Narasimha IV.: The expression vamdha kalā (i.e. gave in mortgage) in line 10, arika kala (i.e. Qulculated the sum) in line 16, mula-kalantara karante (i.e. on the oapital and interest having
11300 JBORS, Vol. X, pp. 168 ff., Chart XIII.
*Cf. above, Vol. XXI, p. 110; p. 127 and note 1. Originally seems to have been distinguished from 1 by to adi lition of a diacritical mark; but this diacritically marked form was later employed to indios tol while the ordiomy form of the letter indicated.
Dovo, Vol. XXVIII, pp. 302 ff.
