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"Where are they at this moment?'
With his superhuman, pure and divine vision, he saw,
'At this moment, they are wandering in the deer-park at Rşipattan in Vārāṇasi (4)'
Thus on the attainment of the Buddha hood, the Bud - dha's choice of his first disciple fell on such persons as were already dead. On each occasion, this was pointed out to him by gods, and then he saw it with his own knowledge and vision. It is worth noting that in both the Jaina and Buddhist traditions, the two words, knowledge and vision (iñana -darśana) have been used together. Thus we have that Ma ha vira acquired kevala jnana -kevala -darsana, and the Buddha learnt about the death of Alāra-kālāma and Uddakrāmputra with the help of his jñāna darśana. In the Jaina view, there are five types of knowledge ( mati, sruta, avadhi, manah-par yāya and kevala) and four types of vision (cakşu, a-caksu, avadhi, kevala). The third type of knowledge (and a vision) is avadhi (or Vibhanga) in which one with this knowledge perceives the knowledgeable object only by concentrating on it. The Buddha's knowledge appears to be of the same order as the Jainas have termed avadhi knowledge (or Vibhanga, depending on the persori concerned). A further reason may be adduced in support of this view, which is that the Buddhist canons have, while conceiving kevala -jñāna as unreliable and impossible for all times and in all countries, never hesitated to hurl a ridicule on it. For instance, we have the following in the Sandaka Sutta:
'Here is a spiritual leader who claims to be allknowing, all-seeing, a master of unlimited knowledgeand-vision. As he walks, stands, lies or sleeps, these are stated to be ever present with him. And yet he goes to an empty home for begging where he gets no food; furthermore, he is bitten by a dog or is confronted with an uncontrollable elephant, a powerful horse or a violent bull. Though claiming to be allknowing, he asks men and women their name and the line to which they belong. He also enquires about the name of the village and the road leading to that vil - lage. When people say, 'Sir, you are all-knowing and yet you ask such simple questions', he replies, 'I went
