Tulsi Prajna 1978 10

Author(s): Nathmal Tatia
Publisher: Jain Vishva Bharati
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/524516/1

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520 tulasAprajJA JOURNAL OF THE JAIN VISHVA BHARATI aktUbara-navambara 1978 aMka 3-4 yamaka SISS lADanA jainAvizvabhAratI lADanUM (yAjalathyAna)

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lekhaka gaNa 1. yugapradhAna AcArya zrI tulasI terApaMtha sampradAya ke navama AcArya evaM aNuvrata anuzAstA 2. muni navaratna mala jI AcArya zrI tulasI ke ziSya jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI 6. DA0 jayakumAra jaina ___ senTrala skUla, vIrapura deharAdUna 7. DA0 kamalezakumAra jaina sahAyaka zodhAdhikArI jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM (rAja.) 8. DA. puSpA guptA sahAyaka zodhAdhikArI jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM (rAja.) 3.zrI udayacandra jaina prAdhyApaka-saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI (u0pra0) 4. DA. mahendra sAgara pracaNDiyA ___ saMcAlaka-jaina zodha akAdamI AgarA ror3a, alIgar3ha (u0 pra0) 5. zrI bhUracanda jaina jUnI caukI kA vAsa bAr3amera (rAja.) 6. DA0 nathamala TATiyA nidezaka-zodha vibhAga jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM (rAja.) 10. je. esa. jaberI upAdhyakSa jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM (rAja.)

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tulasI prajJA DaoN. puSpA guptA sampAdaka DaoN. nathamala TATiyA saha-sampAdaka prabandha sampAdaka gopIcanda copar3A varaNa vijjA pamIkkhI bharatI lAunUM kI DaoN. kamalezakumAra jaina jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM ( rAjasthAna )

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AjIvana sadasyatA zulka : 201-00 rupaye mAtra, vArSika zulka 40 25-00 rupaye, eka aMka kA mUlya 2-50 rupaye, 1:0 'tulasI prajJA' aba taka traimAsika patrikA thI, jisameM kevala zodha lekha hI prakAzita kiye jAte the, para isa aMka se ise mAsika banAyA jA rahA hai| prastuta aMka yugmAMka ke rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai / tulasI prajJA meM jaina vidyA ke vividha kSetroM meM cala rahI zodha pravRttiyoM se sambandhita zodha nibandha evaM anya jJAnavardhaka sAmagrI (kathAeM, kavitAyeM, muktaka, mahApuruSoM kI nayAM, saMsmaraNa, saMsthA paricaya Adi) prakAzita kI jAyegI / prakAzanArtha preSita nibandha evaM anya sAmagrI anyatra prakAzita nahIM honI cAhiye / kAgaja ke eka ora suspaSTa rUpa se hastalikhita yA TaMkita honA caahie| sAtha meM lekhaka apanA paricaya bhI bhejeM / jaina vidyA kI vividha vidhAoM se sambaddha viSayoM para vizvavidyAlayoM ke dvArA svIkRta zodha mahAnibandhoM ke sArasaMkSepa bhI prakAzanArtha bheje jA sakate haiM / 'sAhitya-samIkSA' stambha ke antargata samIkSArtha bhejI jAne vAlI pustaka kI do pratiyA~ prApta honI cAhie / noTa :- yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki isa aMka meM prakAzita lekhoM meM ullikhita vicAra sampAdaka athavA saMsthAna ko mAnya hoM /

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khaNDa-4 akTUbara-navambara 1978 aka 3-4 lekha sUcI 191 192 194 196 202 1. vacana vIthI -Agama vacana 2. AcArya pravacana : maitrI-bhAvanA -yugapradhAna AcArya zrI tulasI 3. ahiMsA ke prayoga -AcArya zrI tulasI 4. itihAsa ke svarNima pRSThoM se : muni zrI Izara jI (bIdAsara) -muni navaratnamala 5. jaina nyAya meM anumAna aura taka kA svarUpa -prA0 udayacandra jaina 6. zrImajjayAcArya racita 'jhINI caracA' -anu0 muni navaratnamala 7. terApaMtha ke tIna aitihAsika sthala -bhUracanda jaina 8. jaina hindI kaviyoM kI alaMkAra-yojanA -DaoN. mahendrasAgara pracaMDiyA 9. zoSa-prabandha kA sAra : vAdirAjasUri kRta pArzvanAtha carita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana -DaoN. jayakumAra jaina 10. jaina vizva bhAratI : pravRtti evaM pragatti -DaoN0 kamalezakumAra jaina evaM DaoN0 puSpA guptA 224 230 237

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sampAdakIya tulasI-prajJA jo jaina vizvabhAratI kA mukhapatra hai, aba taka vaimAsika patrikA thI, jisameM kevala zodha-lekha hI prakAzita kiye jAte the| para isa aMka se ise mAsika banAyA jA rahA hai / prastuta aMka yugmAMka ke rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai| ise sarvajanopayogI banAne kI dRSTi se isameM zodha-lekhoM ke atirikta rocaka va jJAnavardhaka kathAeM, muktaka, kavitAeM, mahApuruSoM kI jIvaniyAM, sUktiyAM, saMsmaraNa, saMsthAparicaya Adi bhI die jaaveNge| kathAeM, lekha, kavitAe Adi sAMskRtika, AdhyAtmika aura dhArmika viSayoM para hI AdhArita hoNgii| sAmpradAyika vidvaSa yA rAjanaitika carcAoM ko sthAna nahIM diyA jaaygaa| tulasI-prajJA meM jaina vizva bhAratI ke sAre kArya-kalApoM kA vivaraNa rahegA / jainadharma sambandhI gatividhiyoM ke vivaraNa bhI isameM prakAzita kiye jAyeMge, para unake janahitakara pakSoM ko adhika mahattva diyA jA skegaa| bhAratIya vidyA se sambandhita sabhI kSetroM ke mahattvapUrNa samAcAra tulasI-prajJA meM pracArita evaM prasArita kiye jaayeNge| vizva kA adhikAMza zikSita samAja jaina dharma evaM saMskRti se aparicita hai / phalasvarUpa TaoNyanabI jaise bahuzruta vizva itihAsakAra dvArA racita 'sTaDI oNpha hisTrI' jaise mahattvapUrNa grantha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra yA jaina dharma kA ullekha taka nahIM hai, yadyapi unhoMne hindU evaM bauddha saMnyAsa-jIvana kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| TaoNyanabI ke samakSa yadi bhagavAna buddha ke jIvana-vRtta jaisA bhagavAn mahAvIra kA prabhAvaka jIvana-vRtta rahatA, to zramaNa-paramparA ke mahAvIra jaise zreSTha mahApuruSa kA ullekha avazya usa grantha meM rhtaa| ataH vyApaka rUpa se vizva ko jainadharma ke itihAsa evaM bhAratIya saMskRti meM usake yogadAna se paricita karAnA bhI hamArA eka mahatvapUrNa dhyeya rahegA / etadartha jaina tathA jainetara saMsthAoM meM jaina dharma evaM saMskRti se sambandhita vibhinna pravRttiyoM se jaina samAja ko avagata karAne ke sAtha-sAtha janetara pAThakoM ko jaina-vidyA ke vibhinna pahaluoM se paricita karAnA bhI hamArA lakSya rhegaa| jaina vizvabhAratI kI antazcetanA ke kendra aNuvrata anuzAstA yugapradhAna AcArya zrI tulasI ke pravacanoM ko bahujana hitAya, bahujana sukhAya jana-jana ke hRdaya taka pahuMcAnA isa patrikA kA eka pramukha lakSya rhegaa| tulasI-prajJA kI sArI pravRttiyA~, vyakti, samAja evaM rASTra ke maMgala-patha para Age bar3hane meM sahAyaka tabhI ho sakeMgI, jaba zuddha dharma kA pracAra isake mAdhyama se ho skegaa| tulasI-prajJA kA prativarSa kama se kama eka zodha-vizeSAMka prakAzita kiyA jAyegA jisameM jaina dharma, sAhitya aura saMskRti para deza-videza ke viziSTa vidvAnoM ke lekha rheNge| videzI vidvAnoM dvArA kiye gae evaM kie jA rahe zodha-granthoM ke saMkSipta vivaraNa bhI vizeSAMka meM prastuta kiye jaayeNge| deza ke vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM meM jaina-vidyA para taiyAra kiye gaye zodha-nibandhoM ke saMkSipta vivaraNa samaya-samaya para prakAzita kiye jaayeNge|

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ke vatte? sattU ya ii kesI vacana-vIthI aNegANaM gautama ! tuma hajAroM-hajAroM zatruoM majhe ciTThasi goyamA ! / ke bIca khar3e ho / ve tumheM jItane ko tumhAre te ya te ahigacchanti sAmane A rahe haiM / tumane unheM kaise parAjita kahaM te nijjiyA tume ? // kiyA ? ege jie jiyA paMca eka ko jIta lene para pA~ca jIte ge| paMca jie jiyA ds| pAMca ko jIta lene para dasa jIte gye| dasoM dasahA jiNittANaM savvasattU jiNAmahaM // ko jIta kara maiM saba zatruoM ko jIta letA huuN| zatru kauna kahalAtA hai ? --kezI ne goyamamabbavI / tao kesi buvaMtaM tu gautama se khaa| kezI ke kahate-kahate hI goyamo innmbbvii|| gautama isa prakAra bole egappA ajie. sattU eka na jItI huI AtmA zannu hai / kaSAya kasAyA indiyANi y| te jiNitta jahAnAyaM aura indiyAM zatru haiN| mune ! maiM unheM jIta viharAmi ahaM muNI ! // kara nIti ke anusAra vihAra kara rahA huuN| sAhu goyama ! pannA te / ___ gautama ! uttama hai tumhArI prajJA ! chinno me saMsao imo tumane mere isa saMzaya ko dUra kiyA hai| mujhe anno vi saMsao mjjhN| eka dUsarA saMzaya bhI hai| gautama ! usake taM me kahamu goyamA ! // viSaya meM bhI tuma mujhe btlaao| dIsanti bahave loe isa saMsAra meM bahuta jIva pAza se baMdhe pAsabaddhA sAraNA sriirinno| hue dIkha rahe haiN| mune ! tuma pAza se mukta ma mukkapAso lahunbhUo aura pavana kI taraha pratibaMdha-rahita hokara kaise kahaM ta viharasI ? muNI! // vihAra kara rahe ho ? te pAse savvaso chittA mune ! una pAzoM ko sarvathA kATa kara, nihantUNa uvaayo| mukkapAso lahubbhUo upAyoM se vinaSTa kara maiM pAza-mukta aura viharAmi ahaM muNI ! // pratibandha rahita ho kara vihAra karatA huuN| pAsA ya ii ke vRttA? pAza kise kahA gayA hai ? --kezI ne kesI goymmbbvii| kasimevaM bavaMta ta gautama se khaa| kezI ke kahate-kahate hI goyamo iNamabbavI // gautama isa prakAra bolerAgahosAdao tivvA pragAr3ha rAga-dveSa aura sneha bhayaMkara pAza nehapAsA bhyNkraa| haiM / maiM unheM kATa kara muni-dharma kI nIti te chinditta jahAnAyaM aura AcAra ke sAtha vihAra karatA huuN| viharAmi jahakkama / / -uttarajjhayaNANi, 23 // 35-43

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AcArya pravacana* maitrI-bhAvanA sattveSu maitrI gaNiSu pramoda, kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpAparatvam / mAdhyasthabhAvaM viparItavRttI, sadA mamAtmA vidadhAtu deva / / saba prANiyoM ke sAtha merI maitrI ho, guNiyoM ke prati anurAga ho, merA mAnasa klAnta manuSyoM ke prati kRpAparAyaNa ho, merI AtmA viparIta AcaraNa karane vAloM ke prati madhyastha rhe| isa prakAra kI pavitra prabhAvanA se bhAvita manuSya kalyANa patha para agrasara hotA hai| vaise to zatru aura mitra hara vyakti ke hote haiM, kahA bhI gayA hai sajjana jAke sau nahIM, duzmana nahIM pacAsa, tiNa jana ko jananI jaNI, bhAra muI nau mAsa / zana aura mina raheM, isameM koI Apatti nahIM hai| Apatti vahAM khar3I ho jAtI hai, jahA~ zatru ke sAtha zatrutA aura mina ke sAtha mitratA kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai| jo vyakti mahAn hotA hai vaha zatru ko bhI zannu buddhi se nahIM dekhtaa| usakA yaha pratikSaNa cintana rahatA hai ki merA koI zannu nahIM hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zabdoM meM 'mittI me savva bhUesu' merI saba prANiyoM ke sAtha maitrI hai| kisI kI tAkata nahIM hai jo mere sAtha zatrutA kA vyavahAra kara sake / yahA~ taka ki mujhe mArane ko udyata manuSya bhI mujhe mAra nahIM sktaa| maiM AtmA hUM, zarIra nahIM huuN| zarIra nazvara hai, AtmA ajara, amara aura avinAzI hai| manuSya kA koI zatru yA mitra bana sakatA hai to usakI AtmA hI bana sakatI hai| satpravRtta AtmA manuSya ko adhyAtma kI UMcAI para le jAtI hai aura duSpravRtta AtmA use patana kI ora le jAtI hai / aisA prazasta cintana jisa vyakti kA hotA hai, vahI anukUlatA aura pratikUlatA meM madhyastha raha sakatA hai| *AcArya zrI tulasI ke pravacana se| tulasI prajJA 192

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AcArya bhikSu meM koI truTiyAM nikAlatA, to ve usa para roSa nahIM krte| balki yaha kahate ki bahuta acchA huA, mere avaguNa kucha maiM nikAla lUMgA, kucha dUsare nikAla deMge; maiM to pavitra bana jaauuNgaa| eka bAra AcArya bhikSu pahAr3a kI talahaTI meM baiThe vizrAma kara rahe the| eka vyakti udhara se nikalA / sAdhuoM ko dekhate hI usane pUchA, "Apa kauna haiM ?" svAmI jI ne kahA, "bhAI, loga mujhe bhIkhaNa kahate haiM / " bhIkhaNa nAma sunate hI vaha tilamilA utthaa| lalATa para trivalI aMkita ho gayI aura eka gaharI sAMsa chor3ate hue bolA, "Aja to anartha ho gyaa|" "kyoM bhAI, aisA kyA ho gayA ?" Azcarya ke svara meM svAmIjI ne pUchA / "tumhArA muMha jo dIkha gyaa|" "merA muMha dekhane se aisA kyA anartha ?" svAmIjI ke ina zabdoM ne agni meM ghRta kA kAma kiyaa| vaha Aga-babUlA hotA huA bolA-"tumhArA muMha dekhane vAle ko naraka jAnA par3atA hai naraka / " svAmIjI mana hI mana muskarAe aura bole -- "maiM to yaha nahIM mAnatA ki kisI kA muMha dekhane mAtra se naraka yA svarga milatA hai, para tumhArI yadi yaha dhAraNA hai, to jarA mujhe yaha batA do ki tumhArA muMha dekhane vAlA kahA~ jAyegA ?" binA vicAre hI vaha vyakti tapAka se bolA, "svarga meN|" svAmIjI ne vinoda ke sAtha kahA, "taba to tuma mere bahuta bar3e upakArI ho / svayaM ke liye naraka taiyAra karake bhI mujhe svarga bheja rahe ho|" yaha hai mahAn vyaktiyoM kI mahattA jo burAI meM bhI acchAI ko DhUMDha nikAlatI hai / jo mahAna hote haiM, ve zatru ke bhI uddhAra kI hI kAmanA karate haiN| saMgama deva ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ko eka rAta meM aneka mAraNAMtika kaSTa die, para mahAvIra kA mAnasa to usake prati karUNAzIla hI banA rahA / yaha hai sarvocca maitrI kA vikAsa / maitrI kA vikAsa hone para krodha, Aveza, IrSyA Adi burAiyA~ svata: samApta ho jAtI haiM / maitrI sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa hai| maitrI kI bhavya bhitti para hI sAdhanA kA mahala khar3A ho sakatA hai| -0.. khaNDa 4, aMka 3-4 193

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ahiMsA ke prayoga AcArya zrI tulasI ahiMsA zabda meM aisI madhura miThAsa hai, jo manuSya ke pora-pora ko madhurimA se bhara detI hai / isakI miThAsa kA prabhAva kisI vyakti yA varga vizeSa para nahIM, samagra saMsAra para hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vizva ke sabhI logoM ne isakA prayoga kiyA hai aura suphala pAyA hai| dhArmika loga ahiMsA kI garimA gAe yAapanI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna isI se pAe, isameM Azcarya jaisA kucha bhI nahIM hai| kintu jaba ye vyakti ahiMsA ke prayoga kI bAta karate haiM, jinakA dharma yA ahiMsA ke sAtha sIdhA koI sambandha hI nahIM hotA, taba sukhada Azcarya hotA hai| ___ isa yuga meM rAjanIti meM ahiMsA kA prayoga karane vAloM meM gAMdhI jI kA nAma zIrSasthAnIya hai / unhoMne bhAratIya rAjanIti ke sandarbha meM eka naI krAnti kI / zatAbdiyoM se paratantra rASTra cetanA ko ahiMsA kI zakti se svatantra karane kI ghoSaNA kI aura usakI kriyAnviti ke lie karma kSetra meM utara pdd'e| videzI sattA caramarA uThI / usane ahiMsA ke samakSa ghuTane Teka die| bhArata svatantra ho gayA / Aja bhI gAMdhI jI ke anuyAyI rAjanIti meM ahiMsA kA prayoga kara rahe haiM / isa prayoga ke pIche unakI AsthA kitanI hai ? yaha prazna to aba taka anuttarita rahA hai, para saiddhAntika rUpa se ahiMsA kI mUlyavattA nirvivAda rUpa se svIkRta kI jA rahI hai| antarrASTrIya samasyAoM ko Aja ahiMsA ke maMca se sulajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai, yaha bhI apane Apa meM eka nayA prayoga hai| zastrAstra-nirmANa kI pratispardhA meM niHzastrIkaraNa ke jo svara sunAI de rahe haiM, vaha ahiMsaka cintana kI hI phalazruti hai / virodhI vicAroM ghAle vyaktiyoM kA sAmaMjasyapUrNa sahAvasthAna ahiMsA kI bhUmikA para hI ho sakatA hai| isI dRSTi se saMyukta rASTra saMgha jaise antarrASTrIya saMsthAna ahiMsAtmaka mUlyoM meM vizva zAnti kI kalpanA kara rahe haiN| aparAdha jagata meM Aja ahiMsA ke vizeSa prayoga ho rahe haiM / prAcIna samaya meM kArAvAsa yantraNA gRha ke rUpa meM prasiddha the| vahAM aparAdhiyoM ko ghora zArIrika aura mAnasika yAtanAeM dI jAtI thiiN| isase unakA vidroha adhika prabala hotA aura ve jeloM se mukta hote hI pahale se bhI bhayaMkara aparAdhoM meM saMlagna ho jAte / damana kI nIti aparAdha kama karane meM tulasI prajJA

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saphala nahIM ho pAI taba kucha logoM ne ahiMsAtmaka dRSTikoNa apnaayaa| aparAdhI ko yAtanA dene ke sthAna para use racanAtmaka kSetra diyA gyaa| adhikAriyoM kI AtmIyatA, vAtAvaraNa kI svasthatA aura sammAnapUrNa jIvana jIne kI cAha ne vyakti ko bahuta adhika rUpAntarita kara diyaa| isa suphala ko dekhA isa dizA meM naI zodha huI, nae prayoga hue aura Aja ahiMsA ke prayoktAoM meM isa varga ko sahaja rUpa se sammilita kiyA jA rahA hai| eka yuga thA jaba sAmAjika saMgharSa kI sthiti meM jAti bahiSkAra jaisI paramparAeM pracalita thiiN| jana-jIvana meM AtaMka aura pratizodha ke bhAva vyApta the / Aja aisA kucha nahIM hai, yaha bAta to nahIM hai| phira bhI ahiMsA ke prati AsthAzIla kucha vyakti sAmAjika saMgharSoM ko bhI ahiMsA ke dharAtala para samApta karane kA prayatna kara rahe haiN| aise prayAsoM se bhI ahiMsA kA varcasva bar3hA hai| parivAra samUha-cetanA kI dRSTi se sabase choTI saMsthA hai / eka parivAra ke sadasya bhI kabhI-kabhI vicAra-bheda ke tIvra AkramaNa se AkrAnta ho jAte haiN| pitA-putra ke madhya saMgharSa chir3a jAtA hai| mAM-beTI meM anabana ho jAtI hai / bhAI-bhAI meM durAva ho jAtA hai / pati-patnI meM bolacAla taka banda ho jAtI hai| aise viSama vAtAvaraNa meM ahiMsA ke prayoktA zAnti sthApita kara dete haiN| isase Agraha kI dIvAreM TUTa jAtI haiM aura jIvana sarala bana jAtA hai / sandeha kI ubharatI huI rekhAeM sama ho jAtI haiM aura pArasparika vizvAsa pragAr3ha ho jAtA hai| apane vyaktigata jIvana meM bhI ahiMsA ke prayoga karane vAloM kI saMkhyA kama nahIM hai| jina logoM kI AdhyAtmika ruci pariSkRta hai| jo karmaNA dhArmika haiM / jo dharma ko jIvana ke rUpAntaraNa kI prakriyA mAnate haiM, unheM ahiMsA ke prayoga karane hI hote haiM / isa prakAra vyakti se zurU hue ye prayoga antarrASTrIya kSitija taka loka jIvana ko prabhAvita karate haiM aura Ananda kA anAbAdha mArga prazasta karate haiN| jina logoM ne apane jIvana meM ahiMsA kA prayoga kiyA hai, unake lie yaha asaMdIna dvIpa ke samAna hai / asaMdIna dvIpa meM rahane vAloM ke sAmane kabhI jala kA khatarA nahIM rhtaa| ve sadA nizcinta rahate haiM / bhayaMkara tUphAna bhI unheM AtaMkita nahIM kara pAtA / ahiMsA kI arhatA to isase lAkha gunA adhika hai, isalie isakI chatra-chAyA meM rahane vAle byakti kisI bhI kSaNa saMtrasta nahIM ho sakate / sArA saMsAra pravAha ke pIche-pIche cala rahA hai, kintu jo vyakti kucha honA cAhatA hai, kucha prApta karanA cAhatA hai, kucha grahaNa karanA cAhatA hai, usa vyakti ko apanI AtmA ko pratisrota meM lagA denA cAhie / srota ke sAtha-sAtha nahIM calanA caahie| -dazavakAlika sUtra, dvitIya ghUlikA, sUtra 2 khaNDa 4, aMka 3,4 195

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itihAsa ke svaNima pRSThoM se muni zrI IzarajI (bIdAsara) (saMyama-paryAya vi0 saM0 1930-1979) muni navaratnamala [jaina vizva bhAratI ke zodha-vibhAga ke antargata terApaMtha ke itihAsa para gaveSaNA kArya cala rahA hai / yaha kArya muni zrI navaratnamala jI ke sAnnidhya meM lagabhaga do varSoM se nirantara gatizIla hai| prastuta stambha meM 'itihAsa ke svarNima pRSThoM se' rocaka evaM preraka sAmagrI pAThakoM kI sevA meM prakAzita kI jA rahI hai / AzA hai, pAThakagaNa isase lAbhAnvita hoNge| sAtha hI, etada viSayaka vizeSa jAnakArI rakhane vAle pAThakoM se apanI sAmagrI kI sUcanA hameM preSita karane kA anurodha hai |-sN0] gItaka chanda prathama bIkAnera meM phira vAsa bIdAsara kiyaa| thA vahA~ nanihAla phira sasurAla bhI to kara liyaa| jAti DAgA amara-naMdana nAma Izara aapkaa| milA saccA dharma samajhA marma mAnava janma kA // 1 // bhavya AkRti prakRti Rja mRdu varNa tana kA gaura hai| sAdhanA kA taruNa vaya meM liyA mArga kaThora hai| dharmapatnI ApakI zramaNI banI hai prathama hii| Apa pIche bane sAdhaka virati kI dhArA bahI // 2 // dohA niyama itara sambandha kA, phira bhI dhara utsAha / strI ko anumati dI aho ! (phira) lI khuda ne vaha rAha // 3 / / 1. muni zrI IzarajI bIkAnera ke pUMjANI DAgA (osavAla) the| unake pitA kA nAma amaracaMda jI thaa| unakA nanihAla bIdAsara hone se ve bIdAsara rahane lage evaM vivAha 166 tulasI prajJA

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bhI bIdAsara ke corar3iyA parivAra meM huA / unakI patnI kA nAma cAMdAMjI thA / bIdAsara meM Ane ke pazcAt sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI saMgati se unako satya dharma kI prApti huI aura uttarotara dhArmika bhAvanA bar3hatI gii| unakI patnI dIkSA ke lie taiyAra huI taba unhoMne dUsarI zAdI karane kA tyAga hote hue bhI bar3e harSa se AjJA pradAna kI aura dIkSotsava para eka hajAra rupaye kharca kiye| unakI nAnIjI gumAnA bAI ne bhI bAraha sau rupaye lagAye / isa prakAra unakI patnI sAdhvI zrI cAMdAMjI (387) * ne unako chor3akara 16 varSa kI avasthA meM saM0 1926 kArtika kRSNA 1 ko jayAcArya ke hAtha se bIdAsara meM saMyama grahaNa kiyA / * [ svAmI jI se lekara adyAvadhi dIkSita samasta sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI sUcI rahatI hai, usI saMkhyA krama kA sUcaka aMka yahAM diyA gayA hai / ataH sarvatra sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke nAma ke Age dI gaI krama saMkhyA ko ukta prakAra samajhanA caahiye| sAdhu aura sAdhviyoM kI sUcI pRthaka pRthaka hai / ] Isara putra DAgA amaracandano, bIkAnera theTa meM vAsa / bIdAsara nAnANArA joga syUM, kiyo vAsa dharma lahyo khAsa / (jaya sujaza, DhA. 56 gA0 5 ) jAti DAgA IsaradAsa jI kAMI, tAsa triyA guNavAna / nAma cAMdAM bIdAsara taNA, vaya solaha varSa unamAna || chati Rdha pati chor3a neM, thayA caraNa leNa pariNAma | triyA dUjI tyAga paraNavA, pati AgyA dI harSa mana tAma / kiyo mochava pati harSa sU, nAnI gumAnAM bAI nAma | rupaiyA bAre se Asare, kharacyA sUtrAdika mochava kAma / ghaNe hagAma dikSA grahI jI, cAMdAMjo dhara cUpa / kArtika dina par3avA dine, ghara sIkha ami rasa kUpa / / (jaya sujaza, DhA. 53 gA0 7 se 10 ) kucha varSa bAda apane choTe bhAI kA byAha karane ke pazcAt jayAcArya ke upadeza se ve svayaM dIkSA ke lie taiyAra ho gaye / aura saM0 1930 phAlguna kRSNA 1 ko unhoMne mukhArAma jI ( 241 ) ke sAtha jayAcArya ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kI / vo mAha suda saptama no tihAM svA0, maryAda mochava zrIkAra ho / DAgA IsaradAsa ne taba kiyo svA0, cArU caraNa levAneM tyAra ho // varSa chAisa triyA cAMdA bhaNI sajanajI, pache laghu bandhava phAgaNa kRSNa ekama bahu vali bhiyAnI nAM mukharAma khanDa 4, aMka 3,4 devAya caraNa suvicAra ho / paraNAya ne sa0, hive huvo caraNa levA tyAra ho // mocchava sa0, IsaradAsa bhaNI zahara bAra ho / nai sa0, bihu~ neM caraNa dekiyo vihAra ho / (jaya sujaza, DhA. 56 gA0 4,6,7 ) 167

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vijaya indriya viSaya para kara kuzala AcArI bane suguru sevA meM samarpita kiyA hai sarvasva saba / kRpA pAtra vizeSa 'jaya' ke bane phala pAye ajaba ||4|| gItaka - chanda vijaya pAI dRDhamanA / bahu nirjarA kI bhAvanA / soraThA unake kucha vRttAnta, sundaratama suna lIjie / sadguNamuktA kAnta, grAhaka bana cuna lIjie ||5|| dohA kI caukI ke kAma kI, jaya gaNi ne bakzIza / dekha saralatA ApakI, sabhI hilAte zoza ||6|| mayAcanda Izara yahAM, maghajI mere pAsa / le munivara vicaro karo, pura-pura dharma prakAza / / 7 / / jaya gaNa kI sukhapAla ko, eka uThAte Apa | milatA pakkA peTiyA, lagI huI thI chApa ||8|| khyAta tathA zAsana prabhAkara meM unakI dIkSA tithi phAlguna kRSNa 11 likhI hai para jaya sujaza kI ukta tithi hI ThIka lagatI hai / unake pahale muni phaujamalajI (242), nemIcaMdajI ( 243) aura jotarAmajI ( 244 ) kI dIkSA huI, aisA khyAta meM hai / para saMbhavata: ina tInoM kI bar3I dIkSA bAda meM hone se unakA aura mukhArAmajI kA nAma pahale AyA hai / khyAta meM muni phaujamalajI kI bar3I dIkSA kA spaSTa ullekha hone se nemIcaMda jI tathA jotarAma jI kI bar3I dIkSA bAda meM huI aisA pratIta hotA hai / 2. muni IzarajI ke 'kArya vibhAga' cAlU huA hI thA, aura unake 'caukI' ke kArya kA krama A gayA / ve svayaM nahIM jAnate the ki 'cokI' kA kArya kaise kiyA jAtA hai / unhoMne sAdhuoM se pUchA taba unhoMne kahA- -- sandhyA ke samaya santoM ke kapar3e makAna ke bAhara yA andara nIce jamIna para par3e hue hoM to unheM uThAkara le AnA aura phira jinake hoM unheM 'de denA / ve 'cokI' dene ke lie gaye aura santoM ke nIce par3e hue sAre upakaraNa Adi le Ae / jaba sAdhuoM ne apane apane vastrAdika saMbhAle, taba patA lagA ki IzarajI 'caukI' meM I gaye / unhoMne jayAcArya se isakI zikAyata kI, to jayAcArya unakI saralatA para mana hI mana muskarAye aura unheM bulAkara kahA- tumheM caukI denI nahIM AtI, ataH sadA ke lie "caukI' ke kAma kI baksIsa karatA hUM / dekhane vAle saba vismita se raha gaye / 168 tulasI prajJA

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lakha sarala svabhAvI jaya caukI bksaav| (magana caritra, DhA. 1 gAthA 89 pR0 17) 3. muni zrI IzarajI aura muni zrI mayAcaMda jI (214) jayAcArya ke ananya vaiyAvRtya (sevA) karane vAle aura acche kRpA pAna saMta the| aisA sunA jAtA hai ki eka bAra jayAcArya ne yuvAcArya maghavA ko kahA-maghajI ! yahAM baiThe kyA karate ho, pustakeM aura saMtoM ko lekara vicaraNa karo aura dharma-pracAra karo / mere pAsa meM to muni mayAcaMda jI aura IzarajI do hI saMta kAphI haiM / kahatA jaya maghajI ! baiThA kAMI karo the| jAvo upakAra karo janapada vicaro the| mhArai to Isara mayAcanda doneM hai| I jor3I thakAM jarUrata kiNa rI kyUM hai / (magana caritna DhA. 1 gA0 88 pR0 17) aisI anuzruti hai ki jayAcArya rAtri ke samaya para Adi dabavAte taba Apa donoM muni kabhI-kabhI to prahara rAta taka vaiyAvRttya karate / 4. kambaloM ko lakar3I ke DAMDoM se bAMdhakara eka DolI sI banA dI jAtI hai, jisameM sAdhu athavA sAdhvI acchI taraha baiTha sakeM, use sukhapAla kahate haiN| sAdhu-sAdhvI ise apane hAtha se banAte haiM aura vRddhAvasthA athavA rugNAvasthA Adi paristhiti vizeSa meM hI isakA upayoga karate haiM tathA svayaM hI apane kandhoM para uThAkara eka kSetra se dUsare kSetra ko le jAte haiN| 5. aisA sunA jAtA hai ki jayAcArya saM0 1936 meM sukhapAla se jayapura padhAre taba use uThAne vAle cAra saMta mayAcanda jI (214) rAmasukhajI (217) chabIla jI (230) aura ye the| unheM AcArya zrI dvArA pakkA peTiyA [vizeSa zArIrika zrama dene vAle sAdhaoM ko samuccaya se binA vibhAga ke yatheSTa mAtrA meM ghI, dUdha, miThAI Adi diyA jAtA hai, vaha pakkA peTiyA kahalAtA hai / ] milatA thaa| isa viSaya meM AcArya zrI tulasI ne likhA hai jaya jayapura yAtrA meM, sukhapAla utthaato| pakko peTiyo mahAmuni, Isara paato|| (magana caritra DhA. 1 gA0 89 pR0 17) khaNDa 4, aka 3-4 166

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dohA sevaka zAsana ke sajaga, thI guru bhakti mahAna / paricaryA nava sAdhu kI, karate dekara dhyAna // 9 // vizvAsI vinayI bar3e, sevA-vRtti vizeSa / / AcAryoM ke udaka kA, karate kArya hameza // 10 // nava dIkSita kAlUgaNI, aura magana maMtrIza / rahe Apake 'sAjha' meM, dhara guru AjJA zISa' / / 11 / / prAyaH gurukula vAsa kA, liyA Apane lAbha / bane agraNI zeSa meM, gaye bar3hAte Aba / / 12 / / bIsa divasa kA A gayA, anazana AkhirakAra / bar3hate car3hate bhAva se, saphala kiyA avatAra // 13 / / kRSNa dvitIyA zrAvaNI, sAla gaNyAsI jAna / gar3ha sujAna meM ho gayA, caramotsava maMDAna' / / 14 / / 6. muni zrI IzarajI ke viziSTa guNoM kA varNana nimnokta padyoM meM milatA hai :vali IsaradAsa udArI lAla, karI sevA adhika subhArI jii| vyAvaciyo guNa jaza varato lAla // __ (jaya sujaza, DhA. 61 gA0 12) AcArya zrI tulasI ke zabdoM meM : IsarajI munivara vyAvaciyo guNagrAhI, zAsaNa ro sevaka sadguru tana prchaaNhii| AcAra-kuzala hai parama vinIta sayANo, vizvAsapAtra nava dIkSita ro thira thaanno|| AcAryA rI nita udaka cAkarI karato, tima sahaja aMga-rakSaka ko pada anusrto| patnI cAMdA vaya sola varaSa rI syANI, pahilA dIkSita IsarajI anumati ANI / / khuda cyAra varaSa pAche lI caraNa-samAdhI, kAraNa choTe bhAI rI karaNI shaadii| bhikSu zAsaNa meM Acho nAma kamAyo, maghavA nija mukha jaya-suyaza graMtha meM gaayo| (magana caritra, DhA. 1 gA0 85 se 87) 7. muni maganalAla jI (294) pahale unake sAjha [bhojana Adi kI suvyavasthA ke lie eka vyakti kI pramukhatA meM muni-maMDala] meM the| 200 tulasI prajJA

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magana IsarajI muni sAjha meM, suguru-dRSTi zurU zurU meM jameM / caraNa meM thira citta bhaNo paDho, gaNa-gaNI anukUla paNa baDho // ( magana caritra, DhA. 1 gA0 90 pR0 17 ) kAlUgaNI dIkSA lete hI kucha samaya taka pratilekhana, pratikramaNa Adi Apake pAsa karate / phira saM0 1947 meM maghavAgaNI ne maganalAla jI svAmI kA sAjha karavAyA taba kAlU gaNI kI 'pAMtI' unake sAjha meM karAI / saiMtAlIsa jada pAMtI hutI suhAtI, tiNa dina syUM rahyA magana - kAlU baNa sAthI / muni pannAlAla aura cauthA jayacandajI, 8. muni zrI Izara jI prAyaH AcAryoM kI sevA meM rahe / saM0 1938 meM unakA jayAcArya kI sevA meM rahane kA 'jaya sujaza' DhA0 61 gA0 12 meM ullekha hai / saM0 1939 tathA 1943 se 46 taka maghavAgaNI ke sAtha rahe tathA vahAM ina varSoM meM 1221 kiye| aisA maghavA gaNi racita cAturmAsika tapa vivaraNa DhAloM meM hai / upavAsa 181 cyArU ika sAjhe rahyA suguru dilaraMjI | ( magana caritra, DhA. 1 gA0 99 pR0 19 ) mANakagaNI ke svargavAsa ke samaya sujAnagar3ha meM 14 sAdhuoM meM Apa the / isakA mANaka mahimA DhAla 18 dohA 2 meM ullekha hai / isa prakAra ve kAlUgaNI taka AcAryoM kI sevA meM rahe evaM kRpA pAtra bane / hastalikhita cAturmAsa tAlikA meM unake agraNI rUpa meM antima do cAturmAsa 1978 aura 1979 ke sujAnagar3ha milate haiM / 9. unhoMne antima samaya meM AjIvana tivihAra anazana grahaNa kiyA / jo bIsaveM dina pazcima rAtri meM sAnanda sampanna huA / unakI bhAvanA bar3I nirmala aura uttarottara bar3hatI rahI / saM0 1979 sAvana kRSNA 1 ko sujAnagar3ha ve samAdhi maraNa prApta hue / ( khyAta) khyAta tathA zAsana prabhAkara, jaya saMta varNana gAthA 261 se 263 meM bhI Apake sambandha kA uparyukta kucha varNana hai / khaNDa 4, aMka 3-4 -- 201

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jaina nyAya meM anumAna aura tarka kA svarUpa prA0 udayacandra jana pRSThabhUmi: ___ jainAgama meM pramANa ke do bheda batalAye gaye haiM-pratyakSa aura parokSa / pratyakSa ke tIna bheda haiM--avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevala / parokSa ke do bheda haiM-mati aura zruta / jainAgama meM pramANa paddhati kI yahI prAcIna paramparA hai| kintu yahA~ para vicAraNIya hai ki ukta prakAra ke bhedoM meM smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka aura anumAna kA kahIM samAveza kiyA gayA hai yA nhiiN| hama dekhate haiM ki sUtrakAra AcArya umAsvAti ne unake pahale pracalita pramANaviSayaka Agamika paramparA meM kucha vikAsa karake darzana ke kSetra meM tArkika pramANapaddhati ko sthApita kiyA hai / unhoMne usa samaya meM pracalita smRti, saMjJA (pratyabhijJAna), cintA (tarka) aura abhinibodha (anumAna) pramANoM kA antarbhAva matijJAna meM kiyA hai| isake bAda akalaMkadeva ne isa paramparA meM kucha aura vikAsa kiyaa| jainAgama meM indriyajanya jJAna ko parokSa mAnA gayA hai, jabaki anya dArzanikoM ne indriyajanya jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnA hai / akalaMkadeva ke sAmane ina donoM meM sAmaJjasya sthApita karane kI samasyA thii| unhoMne isa samasyA kA samAdhAna bahuta hI sundara rIti se kiyaa| unhoMne pratyakSa ke mukhya pratyakSa aura sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ye do bheda karake indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se utpanna hone vAle matijJAna ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahakara pratyakSa meM sammilita kara liyaa| aisA karane se prAcIna paramparA kI rakSA bhI ho gayI aura anya dArzanikoM dvArA abhimata pratyakSa kI paribhASA ke anusAra lokavyavahAra kI dRSTi se sAmaJjasya bhI ho gayA / akalaMkadeva ne puna: sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke do bheda kiye-indriya pratyakSa aura anindriya pratyakSa / unhoMne matijJAna ko indriya pratyakSa kahA tathA smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka aura anumAna ina cAra jJAnoM ko anindriya pratyakSa btlaayaa| pratyakSa kI Agamika paribhASA ke sthAna meM dArzanika paribhASA karane kI bhI 1. mati smRtiH saMjJA cintA'bhinibodha ityanarthAntaram |-tttvaarthsuutr 1/13 2. indriyArthajJAnamavagrahahAvAyadhAraNAtmakam / anindriya pratyakSaM smRtisaMjJAcintA'bhinibodhAtmakam / -laghIyastrayavRtti, kA0 61 202 tulasI prajJA

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AvazyakatA pratIta huii| isalie akalaMka ne vizadajJAna ko pratyakSa kahA hai 11 kintu Agama meM indriya aura mana kI apekSA ke binA AtmAmAtra se utpanna hone vAle jJAna ko pratyakSa batalAyA gayA hai / anumAna meM prAmANya pramANa hai, AkAza meM cArvAka darzana ko chor3akara anya samasta bhAratIya darzanoM ne mAnA hai / kevala cArvAka darzana hI eka aisA darzana hai jisane anumAna meM hai / cArvAka kA kahanA hai ki kevala pratyakSa hI kyoMki vaha anumAna apramANa hai, kyoMki vaha visaMvAdI hai| megha ko mAna galata bhI ho sakatA hai / sAdhya aura sAdhana meM vyApti grahaNa ke nahIM hai aura vyApti kA grahaNa pratyakSa se nahIM ho sakatA hai / kyoMki vaha samIpavartI vartamAna padArtha ko hI jAnatA hai, jabaki vyAptijJAna sarvadezAvacchedena aura sarvakAlAvacchedena hotA hai / isalie anumAna pramANa nahIM hai / dekhakara vRSTi kA anubinA anumAna saMbhava prasiddha bauddhadArzanika dharmakIrti ne cArvAka kI ukta mAnyatA kA sayuktika khaNDana karake cArvAka ke lie anumAna pramANa kI anivAryatA siddha kI hai / dharmakIrti ne kahA haipramANetarasAmAnya sthiteranyadhiyo gateH / pramANAntarasadbhAvaH pratiSedhAcca kasyacit // yahAM dharmakIrti ne cArvAka ke lie svabhAvahetujanya, kArya hetujanya, aura anupalabdhihetujanya anumAna kI anivAryatA siddha kI hai / 'pratyakSaM pramANamavisaMvAditvAt' tathA 'anumAnamapramANaM visaMvAditvAt' aisA kaha kara cArvAka pratyakSa meM pramANatA aura anumAna meM apramANatA kI siddhi tabhI kara sakatA hai jaba vaha ukta prakAra se svabhAvahetujanya anumAna ko svIkAra kare / isa prANI meM buddhi hai, vAk vyApAra aura kAya vyApAra kI upalabdhi hone se / yahAM kArya hetujanya anumAna ke binA dUsare prANI meM buddhi ko siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / kyoMki buddhi yA caitanya parokSa dharma haiM / cArvAka kahatA hai - paraloka nahIM hai, anupalabdha hone se / yahAM anupalabdhi hetujanya ke binA cArvAka paraloka kA niSedha nahIM kara sakatA hai / isa prakAra anumAna meM prAmANya ko svIkAra kiye binA cArvAka kA kAma nahIM cala sakatA hai / arthAt cArvAka ko anumAna meM prAmANya mAnanA anivArya hai / anumAna kA svarUpa mIyate'nena iti mAnaM jJAnam / anupazcAnmAnam anumAnam | yaha anumAna zabda kI vyutpatti hai | sAdhya sAdhana meM vyAptigrahaNa, sambandhasmaraNa aura liGgadarzana ke bAda meM jo jJAna hotA hai vaha anumAna hai / yaha anumAna zabda kA sAmAnya artha hai jainadarzana meM akalaMka, 1. pratyakSaM vizadaM jJAnaM mukhyasAMvyavahArikam / parokSaM zeSavijJAnaM pramANa iti saMgrahaH // laghIyastraya, kA0 3 anumAna ko pramANa prAmANya nahIM mAnA avisaMvAdI hai, aura khaNDa 4, aMka 3-4 203

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vidyAnanda, mANikyanandi, hemacandra Adi AcAryoM ke anusAra anumAna kA svarUpa isa prakAra batalAyA gayA hai sAdhanAt sAdhyavijJAnamanamAnam / / sAdhana se sAdhya kA jo jJAna hotA hai vaha anumAna kahalAtA hai / anumAna meM sAdhya aura sAdhana ye do pramukha tattva haiM / jisakI siddhi kI jAtI hai vaha sAdhya kahalAtA hai aura jisake dvArA siddhi kI jAtI hai vaha sAdhana hai| jaise parvata meM dhUma ko dekhakara agni kA jo jJAna hotA hai vaha anumAna hai| yahAM dhUma sAdhana hai aura agni sAdhya hai / hara eka vyakti ko dhUma dekhane para agni kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai| isakI kucha prakriyA hai / dhUma se vahni kA jJAna karane ke lie pahale dhUma aura vahni meM vyApti yA avinAbhAva sambandha kA jJAna honA caahie| isake bAda kisI sthAna-vizeSa meM dhUma dekhane para pUrvagRhIta avinAbhAva sambandha kA smaraNa honA cAhie / taba dhUma se vahni kA jJAna saMbhava hotA hai / anumAna ke prakaraNa meM sAdhana aura sAdhya kA lakSaNa jAnanA atyAvazyaka hai| AcArya mANikyanandi ne parIkSAmukha meM sAdhana kA lakSaNa isa prakAra batalAyA hai sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvena nizcito hetuH / / sAdhya ke sAtha jisakA avinAbhAva nizcita ho vaha hetu kahalAtA hai / sAdhana, hetu aura liGga ye tInoM paryAyavAcI haiN| avinAbhAva (binA bhAva na) kA artha hai-sAdhya ke binA jisa hetu kI sattA saMbhava na ho / agni kI sattA ke binA trikAla meM bhI dhUma kI sattA saMbhava nahIM hai / ataH dhUma kA vahni ke sAtha avinAbhAva hai / isI ko anyathAnupapatti bhI kahate haiM / anyathAsAdhya (agni) ke binA jisa (dhuma) kI anupapatti arthAt sadbhAva na ho vaha anyathAnupapatti hai| isIlie AcArya vidyAnanda ne tattvArthazlokavArtika meM sAdhana kA lakSaNa isa prakAra batalAyA hai "anyathAnupapattyekalakSaNaM tatra sAdhanam / " arthAt sAdhana vaha hai jisakA ekamAtra lakSaNa anyathAnupapatti hai / parIkSAmukha meM sAdhya kA lakSaNa isa prakAra batalAyA hai iSTamabAdhitamasiddha saadhym| sAdhya vaha hotA hai jo iSTa ho, abAdhita ho aura asiddha ho / yahA~ iSTa vizeSaNa vAdI kI apekSA se hai aura asiddha vizeSaNa prativAdI kI apekSA se hai / vAdI prativAdI ke lie sAdhya kI siddhi karatA hai / ataH vaha aise sAdhya kI siddhi karegA jo svayaM use iSTa ho| prativAdI ke lie sAdhya kI siddhi tabhI kI jAtI hai jaba use vaha sAdhya asiddha ho| jo 1. parIkSAmukha / 3/14 2. vhii| 3/15 3. vhii| 3/20 tulasI prajJA

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siddha hai usakI siddhi vyartha hai / yahA~ asiddha se tAtparyaM saMdigdha, viparyasta tathA avyutpanna vastu se hai / arthAt sAdhya aisI vastu hotI hai jisake viSaya meM saMdeha ho, viparyaya ho aura anadhyavasAya ho / iSTa aura abAdhita kI taraha sAdhya ko abAdhita bhI honA cAhie / arthAt usameM pratyakSAdi kisI pramANa se bAdhA nahIM AnI cAhie / akalaMkadeva ne nyAyafafarer meM aura AcArya vidyAnanda ne tasvArtha zlokavArtika meM ukta prakAra kA hI sAdhya kA lakSaNa batalAyA hai / yathArtha meM mANikyanandi ne akalaMka deva ke nyAyazAstra kA manthana karake hI parIkSAmukha kI racanA kI aura unhIM ke vacanoM kA anusaraNa karake sAdhya Adi kA lakSaNa likhA / anumAna ke bheda - -- jaina, bauddha aura vaidika paramparA meM anumAna ke do bheda pAye jAte haiMsvArthAnumAna aura parArthAnumAna / svArthAnumAna tathA parArthAnumAna kA lakSaNa | svArtha zabda kI vyutpatti isa prakAra se hotI hai-- svasmai ivaM svArtham / arthAt jo apane lie hotA hai vaha svArtha hai / svArthAnumAna meM vyakti paropadeza ke binA svayaM hI sAdhana se sAdhya kA jJAna karatA hai| isI viSaya meM kahA gayA hai paropadezAbhAve'pi sAdhanAt sAdhyabodhanam / svArthamanumAnaM taducyate // yaddRSTu - parArthaM zabda kI vyutpatti yaha hai - parasmai idaM parArtham / para ke lie sAdhana se sAdhya kA jo jJAna hotA hai vaha parArthAnumAna hai / parArthAnumAna meM paropadeza kI yA vacanoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / parIkSAmukha meM parArthAnumAna kA lakSaNa nimna prakAra batalAyA gayA hai / parArthaM tu tadarthaparAmazivacanAjjAtam' / usa svArthAnumAna ke viSayabhUta arthaM kA parAmarza karane vAle vacanoM se jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai use parArthAnumAna kahate haiM / aisA bhI kahA jAtA hai ki svArthAnumAna jJAnA1. sadigdhaviparyastA vyutpannAnAM sAdhyatvaM yathA syAdityasiddhapadam / - parIkSAmukha, 3 / 21 2. sAdhyaM zakyamabhipretamaprasiddha tato'param / sAdhyAbhAsaM viruddhAdisAdhanA viSayatvataH // nyAyavinizcaya, 2/3, pR0 8-12 sAdhyaM zakyamabhipretamaprasiddhamudAhRtam / - tattvArtha zlokavArtika, khaNDa 3, zloka 122, pR0 269 3. akalaGkavaco'mbhodherudda yena dhImatA / nyAyavidyAmRtaM tasmai namo mANikyanandine // 4. parIkSAmukha, 3/55 khaNDa 4, aMka 3-4 prameya ratnamAlA, maMgalAcaraNa zloka saMkhyA 2 205

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tmaka hotA hai aura parArthAnumAna vacanAtmaka hotA hai / yathArtha meM bAta yaha hai ki parArthAnumAna kA kAraNa hone se parArthAnumAna ke pratipAdaka vacanoM ko bhI parArthAnumAna kaha diyA jAtA hai / vAstava meM acetana hone se vacana anumAna nahIM ho sakate haiN| kyoMki anumAna jJAna rUpa hotA hai / ata: 'annaM vai prANAH' kI taraha kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karake parArthAnumAna ke pratipAdaka vacanoM ko parArthAnumAna kaha diyA jAtA hai / anyatra parArthAnumAna ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai-- svArtha aura parArtha zabda kI vyutpatti isa prakAra bhI kI jAtI hai - svasmAdidaM svArtham / parasmAdidaM parArtham / yena svayaM pratipadyate tatsvArtham / yena paraM pratipAdayati tatparArtham / svayaM apane se jo anubhava hotA hai, vaha svArthAnumAna hai aura para se jo anumAna hotA hai, vaha parArthAnumAna hai / arthAt jisake dvArA vyakti svayaM sAdhya kA jJAna prApta karatA hai, vaha svArthAnumAna hai aura jisake dvArA vaha dUsare ke lie sAdhya kA pratipAdana karatA hai, vaha parArthAnumAna hai / paropadezasApekSaM sAdhanAt sAdhyavadanam / zroturyajjAyate sA hi parArthAnumitirmatA // anumAna ke aMga yA avayava svArthAnumAna ke tIna aMga hote haiM- dharmI, sAdhya aura sAdhana / athavA pakSa aura hetu isa prakAra do aMga bhI hote haiM / jahA~ sAdhya siddha kiyA jAtA hai use dharmI kahate haiM / jaise parvata meM agni ko siddha karate samaya parvata dharmI hotA hai / dharmI ko pakSa bhI kahate haiM / yathArtha meM sAdhyaviziSTa dharmI kA nAma pakSa hai / isaliye parArthAnumAna ke tIna aMga yA do aMga kahane meM vivakSAbheda hI hai, arthabheda nahIM / svArthAnumAna kI taraha parArthAnumAna ke bhI do aMga hote haiM - pratijJA aura hetu / pakSa ke vacana ko pratijJA kahate haiM / jaise 'paryaMta agnivAlA hai' yaha kathana pratijJA hai / sAdhana ke vacana ko hetu kahate haiM / jaise 'dhUmavAn hone se ' aisA kahanA hetu hai / yahA~ yaha smaraNIya hai ki naiyAyika parArthAnumAna ke pA~ca avayava mAnate haiM - pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana / vyAptipUrvaka dRSTAnta ke vacana ko udAharaNa kahate haiM -- yathA jahA~ dhUma hai vahA~ agni haiM, jaise bhojanazAlA athavA jahA~ agni nahIM hai vahA~ dhUma nahIM hai, jaise tAlAba / dRSTAnta kI apekSA se pakSa meM hetu ke upasaMhAra ke vacana ko upanaya kahate haiM, jaise bhojanazAlA kI taraha parvata bhI ghUmavAlA hai / hetupUrvaka pakSa ke nigamana kahate haiM- jaise dhUmavAlA hone se parvata agnivAlA hai / isa prakAra nyAya parArthAnumAna ke pA~ca avayava mAne gaye haiM / 1. nyAya bindu, pR0 21 206 vacana ko darzana meM tulasI prajJA

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bauddhadarzana ke anusAra kevala hetu ko hI anumAna kA eka mAtra aMga mAnA gayA hai| jaisA ki AcArya dharmakIrti ne pramANavAtika meM kahA hai tabhAvahetubhAvauhi dRSTAnte tdvedinH| khyApete viduSAM vAcyo hetureva hi kevalaH // 1 arthAt jo loga sAdhya aura sAdhana meM tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti sambandha ko nahIM jAnate haiM unake lie dRSTAnta meM tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti sambandha batalAyA jAtA hai / kintu unameM sambandha ko jAnane vAle vidvAnoM ke lie to kevala hetu kA hI kathana karanA caahie| mokSAkara gupta Adi kucha anya bauddha dArzanikoM ne hetu aura dRSTAnta ye do avayava mAne haiM, kintu pratijJA, upanaya aura nigamana ko kisI ne nahIM maanaa| kintu jaise nyAya meM spaSTa batalAyA gayA hai ki vijigISu kathA athavA vAda meM pratijJA aura hetu ye do hI avayava upakAraka hote haiM, udAharaNAdi kI vahAM koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / kyoMki vAda vidvAn vyaktiyoM meM hI hotA hai / yaha avazya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki vItarAga kathA meM pratipAdya (ziSya) ke Azaya ke anusAra udAhaNAdi anya tIna avayavoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| pakSa prayoga kI AvazyakatA . bauddha parArthAnumAna meM pakSa prayoga ko anAvazyaka mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki hetu prayoga se hI pakSa gamyamAna ho jAtA hai / isa viSaya meM jaina dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki yadi pakSa (parvata) kA prayoga na kiyA jAyegA to yaha sandeha banA rahegA ki sAdhyadharma (vahni) kA AdhAra kyA hai, parvata yA dUsarA koI sthala / ataH isa sandeha ko dUra karane ke lie gamyamAna bhI pakSa kA prayoga atyAvazyaka hai| isa viSaya meM AcArya mANikyanandi ne kahA hai ki sAdhyadharma ke AdhAra meM sandeha ko dUra karane ke lie tathA sAdhyadharma kA AdhAra batalAne ke lie pakSa kA prayoga avazya karanA caahie| hetu ke rUpa _bauddhoM ne hetu ke tIna rUpa mAne haiM--pakSa dharmatva, sapakSasattva aura vipakSa vyaavRtti| inhIM tIna rUpoM ke kAraNa hetu meM asiddha Adi tIna doSoM kA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai| 1. pramANavArtika, 3127 2. etaddvayamevAnumAnAGganodAharaNam |-priikssaamukh sUtra, 3137 3. bAlavyutpatyathaM tattrayopagame zAstra evAso na vAde'nupayogAt / -parIkSAmukha sUtra, 3146 4. sAdhyadharmAdhArasandehApanodAya gamyamAnasyApi pakSasya vacanam / -parIkSAmukha sUtra, 3134 tena pakSastadAdhArasUcanAyoktaH / -parIkSAmukha sUtra, 3198 5. hetostriSvapi rUpeSu nizcayastena vnnitH| asiddhvipriitaarthvybhicaarivipksstH|| -pramANavAtika, 3115 khaNDa 4, aMka 3-4 207

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naiyAyikoM ne inhIM meM do rUpa-abAdhita viSayatva tathA asatpratipakSatva aura jor3akara hetu ke pAMca rUpa mAne haiM / ina pAMcoM rUpoM ke dvArA asiddha Adi pAMca hetvAbhAsoM kA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai| kintu jaina nyAya meM hetu kA kevala eka rUpa hI mAnA gayA hai, vaha hai anythaanupptti| jahAM anyathAnupapatti hai vahA~ tIna athavA pA~ca rUpoM kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai aura jahA~ anyathAnupapatti nahIM hai vahA~ tIna rUpa athavA pA~ca rUpa bhI vyartha haiN| isa viSaya meM svAmI pAtrakesarI ne 'vilakSaNakadarzana' grantha meM kitanA sundara kahA hai anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim / nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim / / anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra ki tatra pnycbhiH| nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra kiM tatra paJcabhiH / / "udeSyati zakaTaM kattikodayAt' isa anumAna meM hetu meM pakSadharmatva nahIM hai phira bhI anyathAnupapatti ke hone se kRtikodaya hetu zakaTodaya sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai| isake viparIta 'garbhasthaH maitratanayaH zyAmaH tatputratvAt itaraputravat' isa amumAna meM hetu rUpya ke rahane para bhI anyathAnupapatti ke na hone se tatputratva hetu zyAmatva sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM hotA hai| hetu ke bheva jaina nyAya meM hetu ke kaI bheda kiye gaye haiN| sarva prathama hetu ke do bheda hote haiMupalabdhirUpa hetu aura anupalabdhirUpa hetu / upalabdhirUpa hetu vidhi tathA pratiSedha donoM kA sAdhaka hotA hai tathA anupalabdhirUpa hetu bhI donoM kA sAdhaka hotA hai| vidhisAdhaka aviruddhopalabdhi chaH prakAra kI hai| pratiSedha sAdhaka viruddhopalabdhi bhI chaH prakAra kI hai| pratiSedha sAdhaka aviruddhAnupalabdhi sAta prakAra kI hai aura vidhisAdhaka viruddhAnupalabdhi tIna prakAra kI hai / vistAra ke bhaya se yahA~ ina ke udAharaNa nahIM diye gaye haiN| inheM jAnane ke lie parIkSAmukha sUtra dekhanA caahie| hetvAbhAsa _ anumAna ke prakaraNa meM hetvAbhAsa kA jJAna bhI Avazyaka hai / jo hetu ke lakSaNa se rahita ho, kintu hetu jaisA mAlUma par3atA ho, vaha hetvAbhAsa kahalAtA hai| bauddha hetu ke tIna rUpa mAnate haiM, isalie unhoMne tIna rUpoM ke abhAva meM kramazaH tIna hetvAbhAsa mAne haiMasiddha, viruddha aura anekAntika / naiyAyikoM ne hetu ke pA~ca rUpa mAne haiM, isalie unhoMne pAMca rUpoM ke abhAva meM pAMca hetvAbhAsa mAne haiM--pUrvokta tIna tathA kAlAtyApadiSTa (bAdhita) aura prakaraNasama (satpratipakSa) __ jaina nyAya meM hetu kA eka hI rUpa mAnA gayA hai isalie usake abhAva meM eka hI hatvAbhAsa honA cAhie thA, kintu yahA~ cAra hetvAbhAsa mAne gaye haiN| isa viSaya meM akalaGka 1. hetulakSaNarahitA hetuvadavabhAsamAnA hetvAbhAsAH / 208 tulasI prajJA

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deva ne nyAyavinizcaya meM kahA hai ki vastuta: eka asiddha hI hetvAbhAsa hai| kintu anyathAnupapatti kA abhAva aneka prakAra se hotA hai isalie asiddha, viruddha, saMdigdha aura akiJciskara ke bheda se cAra hetvAbhAsa bhI ho sakate haiN| eka sthala meM to unhoMne viruddha Adi ko akiJcitkara kA hI vistAra kahA hai| jisa hetu kI sattA kA abhAva ho athavA jisakA nizcaya na ho use asiddha hetvAbhAsa kahate haiN| isake do bheda haiM-svarUpAsiddha aura sandigdhAsiddha / jaise, 'anityaH zabdaHzcAkSuSavAt' yahA~ cAkSuSatva hetu svarUpAsiddha hai| kyoMki zabda cAkSuSa na hokara zrAvaNa hai / sAdhya se viparIta padArtha ke sAtha jisakA avinAbhAva nizcita ho use viruddha hetvAbhAsa kahate haiN| jaise nityaH zabdaH katakatvAta' yahA~ kRtakatva hetu viruddha hai| kyoMki usakA avinAbhAva nitya ke sAtha na hokara anitya ke sAtha hai / jo hetu pakSa, sapakSa aura vipakSa tInoM meM rahatA hai use anekAntika kahate haiN| jaise "anityaH zabdaH prameyatvAt' yahA~ prameyatva hetu vipakSa (nitya AkAza) meM bhI rahatA hai| jisa hetu kA sAdhya siddha ho athavA pratyakSAdi se bAdhita ho use akiJcitkara kahate haiN| isake do bheda haiM siddha sAdhana aura bAdhita viSaya / jisa hetu kA sAdhya siddha hotA hai vaha siddha sAdhana hai / jaise 'zrAvaNaH zabdaH zabdatvAt' vahA~ zabdatva hetu siddhasAdhana hai / kyoMki zabda meM zrAvaNatva saba ko siddha hai / bAdhita ke pAMca bheda haiM-pratyakSabAdhita, anumAnabAdhita, AgamabAdhita, lokabAdhita aura svavacanabAdhita / 'anuSNo'gnidravyatvAjjalavat' yahAM dravyatva hetu kA sAdhya (agni meM anuSNatva) pratyakSabAdhita hai| kyoMki agni meM uSNatA pratyakSa se siddha hai| 'pretyAsukhaprado dharmaH puruSAzrayatvAdadharmavat' yahAM puruSAzrayatva hetu kA sAdhya (dharma paraloka me duHkha dene vAlA hai) Agama bAdhita hai / kyoMki Agama meM dharma ko paraloka meM sukha dene vAlA batalAyA gayA hai / 'zucinaraziraH kapAlaM prANyaGgatvAcchaMkhazuktivat' / yahAM prANyaGgatva hetu kA sAdhya (nara ke zira ke kapAla kI pavitratA) loka bAdhita hai| kyoMki loka meM use apavitra batalAyA gayA hai| "mAtA meM vandhyA puruSasaMyogepyagarbhavatvAt prasiddhavanhayAvat' yahAM puruSa saMyoge'pyagarbhavatva hetu kA sAdhya (apanI mAtA kA vandhyApana) svavacanabAdhita hai| kyoMki yadi usakI mAtA vandhyA hotI, to vaha kahAM se utpanna hotaa| isa prakAra jainanyAya ke anusAra anumAna ke viSaya meM kucha viziSTa bAtoM para yahAM saMkSepa meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai / tarka kA prAmANya pRSThabhUmi : jainAgama meM tarka ke lie cintA aura UhA zabda milate haiM / sUtrakAra umAsvAti ne matijJAna ke prakaraNa meM tarka ke lie cintA zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI 1. anyathAsaMbhavAbhAvAt sa bahudhA smRtH| _ viruddhAsiddhasandigdhairakiJcitkara vistaraiH // nyAyavinizcaya, 21265 2. akiJcitkArakAn sarvAn tAn vayaM saMgirAmahe / -nyAyavinizcaya, 21371 khaNDa 4, aMka 3-4 206

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cintA aura UhA zabda milate haiM ! AcArAMga sUtra meM takkA (tarka) zabda AyA hai / isI prakAra kaThopaniSad' aura brahmasUtra' meM bhI tarka zabda milatA hai / aSTasahasrI meM bhI eka zloka upalabdha hotA hai, jisameM tarka zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / vaha zloka isa prakAra hai - tarko'pratiSThaH zrutayo vibhinnA nekomuniryasya vacaH pramANam / dharmasya tatvaM nihitaM guhAyAM mahAjano yena gataH sa panthAH // sUtra nyAyadarzana meM tarka ko pRthak padArtha mAnakara bhI use pramANa nahIM mAnA hai / nyAya ' meM tarka zabda ke sAtha Uha zabda kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai / nyAyabhASyakAra vAtsyAyana ke mata se tarka na to pramANa hai aura na apramANa, kintu vaha pramANa kA anugrAhaka hotA hai / nyAyasUtra meM tarka kA lakSaNa isa prakAra batalAyA gayA hai avijJAtatattve'rthe kAraNopapattitastattvajJAnArthamU hastarkaH avijJAta artha meM sayuktika kAraNoM ke dvArA tattvajJAna ke lie jo vicAra vimarza kiyA jAtA hai vaha tarka hai / isa prakAra tarka ke viSaya meM janetara darzana aura sAhitya meM bhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai, kintu kisI ne bhI tarka ko pramANa nahIM mAnA hai / yaha jainadarzana kI hI vizeSatA hai ki usane tarka ko eka pRthak pramANa ke rUpa meM pratiSThApita kiyA hai / sarvaprathama AcArya akalaMka ne tarka ko vyApti grAhaka batalAkara usameM prAmANya siddha kiyA hai / tathA hi 21. pramANa sAdhanopAyaH pramANAntaragovaraH / vyApyavyApakabhAvo'yamekatrApi vibhAvyate // satyapyanvaya vijJAne sa tarkapariniSThitaH / avinAbhAvasambandhaH sAkalyenAvadhAryate // saMbhavapratyayastarkaH pratyakSAnupalabhataH / anyathAsaMbhavAsiddhe ranavasthAnumAnataH // vyAptiM sAdhyena hetoH sphuTayati na vinA cintayaikatra dRSTiH / asadhigataviSayaH sAkalyeneSa tatkRtArthakadeze // " 1. naiSA tarkeNa matirapaneyA / --kaThopaniSad, 219 2. tarkApratiSThAnAt / brahmasUtra 211111 3. nyAyasUtra 111130 4. nyAyavinizcaya, 21159, 160. 5. pramANa saMgraha, 2112. 6. laghIyastraya, kArikA 59. tulasI prajJA

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akalaMka bhaTTa ke bAda AcArya vidyAnanda, mANikyanandi, prabhAcandra, devasUri, hemacandra, dharma bhUSaNa Adi samasta jaina dArzanikoM ne tarka dvArA hI vyApti grahaNa kA samarthana kiyA hai / tarka kA svarUpa AcArya mANikyanandi ne parIkSAmukha meM tarka kA lakSaNa isa prakAra batalAyA hai - upalambhAnupalambhanimitta vyaaptijnyaanmuuhH| upalaMbha (anvaya) aura anupalaMbha (vyatireka) ke nimitta se hone vAle vyApti ke jJAna ko Uha arthAt tarka kahate haiN| jaise yaha sAdhanarUpa vastu isa sAdhya rUpa vastu ke hone para hI hotI hai aura sAdhya rUpa vastu ke abhAva meM nahIM hotI hai| jaise agni ke hone para hI dhUma hotA hai aura agni ke abhAva meM kabhI nahIM hotA hai / isa prakAra sAdhya aura sAdhana meM jo vyApti yA avinAbhAva sambandha rahatA hai usakA jJAna tarka ke dvArA hI hotA hai / upari likhita sUtra meM jo upalaMbha aura anupalaMbha zabda Aye haiM unakA tAtparya pratyakSa ke dvArA sAdhya aura sAdhana ke bhUyodarzana yA adarzana se nahIM hai, kintu unameM dRr3hatara nizcaya aura anizcaya se hai| kyoMki jo sAdhya aura sAdhana pratyakSa ke viSaya nahIM haiM kintu anumAna yA Agama ke viSaya haiM unameM bhI vyAptijJAna hotA hai / jaise 'astyasyaprANino dharmavizeSo viziSTa sukhAdisadbhAvAnyathAnupapatteH' yahAM dhamavizeSa (sAdhya) kA jJAna Agama se hI hotA haiM / tathA 'Adityasya gamana zaktisambandho'sti gatimattvAnyathAnupapatteH' yahA~ sUrya meM gamanazaktisambandharUpa sAdhya kA jJAna ukta anumAna se hI hotA hai / gatimattva sAdhana kA jJAna bhI anumAnAntara se hotA hai / tathAhi-Adityo gatimAn bhavati dezAd dezAntara prAptimasvAnyathAnupapatteH devadattavata / ' ukta kathana se yaha siddha hotA hai ki kucha sAdhya aura sAdhanoM kA jJAna anumAna tathA Agama se hotA hai / vyApti kA svarUpa tarka ke prakaraNa meM vyApti kA svarUpa jAnanA atyAvazyaka hai| kyoMki vyApti ke jJAna kA nAma hI tarka hai| vyApti kA hI dUsarA nAma avinAbhAva hai| sAdhya aura sAdhana meM gamya-gamaka bhAva ko batalAne vAlA tathA saba prakAra ke vyabhicAra se rahita jo sambandhavizeSa hotA hai usI ko vyApti athavA avinAbhAva kahate haiN| aura jo vyApti kI pramiti meM sAdhakatama hotA hai vaha tarka nAmaka eka pRthak pramANa hai / ilokavAtika bhASya meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki sAdhya aura sAdhana ke sambandha meM jo ajJAna hai usakI nivRtti 1. parIkSA mukha, 311. 2. sAdhyasAdhanayorgamyagamaka bhAvaprayojako vyabhicAragandhAsahiSNuH sambandhavizeSo vyAptirabinAbhAva iti ca vyapadizyate |-nyaaydiipikaa ____3. tasyAzcAvinAbhAvAparanAmnyA vyApteH pramitau yatsAdhakatamaM tadidaM takhyiM pRthaka pramANamityarthaH / - nyAyadIpikA, 151pR0 162. khaNDa 4, aMka 3-4 211

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rUpa phala meM tarka hI sAdhakatama hotA hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki tarka ke dvArA hI rUpa vyApti kA grahaNa hotA hai / dhUma aura vahni meM vyApti hai / kyoMki vahni ke hone para hI dhUma hotA hai aura vahni ke abhAva meM kabhI nahIM hotA hai / vahni gamya hai aura dhUma gamaka hai| vyApti kA hI dUsarA nAma avinAbhAva hai| avinAbhAva kA artha hai-sAdhya ke binA sAdhana kA sadbhAva na honA / isa vyApti kA grahaNa tarka ke atirikta anya kisI pramANa se nahIM ho sakatA hai| kucha loga pratyakSa se hI vyApti kA grahaNa mAnate haiM / unakA aisA mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki pratyakSa nikaTavartI vartamAna padArtha ko hI viSaya karatA hai / vaha sarvadezAvacche dena aura sarvakAlAvacchedena vyApti kA grahaNa nahIM kara sakatA hai / anumAna pramANa se bhI vyApti kA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA hai| yahAM do vikalpa hote haiM- prakRta anumAna se vyApti kA grahaNa hogA yA anya anumAna se / prathama pakSa meM anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai / vyApti kA grahaNa hone para hI prakRta anumAna hogA aura prakRta anumAna hone para hI vyApti grahaNa hogA yahA~ donoM hI eka dUsare para nirbhara hone se anyonyAzrita haiM / anya anumAna se vyApti kA grahaNa mAnane para usa anumAna meM bhI anya anumAna se vyApti grahaNa hogaa| isa prakAra isa prakriyA kA kahIM anta nahIM hogA aura anavasthA nAmaka doSa kI prApti hogii| ataH sAdhya-sAdhana meM jo avinAbhAva yA vyApti hai usakA grahaNa tarka se hI hotA hai, anya kisI pramANa se nhiiN| kisI jJAna ke pramANa hone kI kasauTI yaha hai ki vaha apane viSaya meM avisaMvAdI ho| hama dekhate haiM ki tarka bhI apane viSaya meM avisaMvAdI hai / ataH pratyakSAdi kI taraha vaha bhI pramANa hai / yadi taka meM avisaMvAdakatA na ho to anumAna meM bhI vaha nahIM ho sakatI hai| taba anumAna bhI pramANa kaise hogA / pramANoM kA anugrAhaka hone ke kAraNa bhI tarka pramANa hai| pramANoM ke anugrAhaka hone kA tAtparya yaha hai ki eka pramANa se pratipanna artha kA dUsare pramANa se vaisA hI nizcaya karanA / yataH pratyakSAdi pramANoM se dezata: jJAta sAdhya-sAdhana sambandha kA tarka ke dvArA sAkalyena dRr3hatara jJAna hotA hai, ataH pramANoM kA anugrAhaka hone ke kAraNa tarka pramANa hai / isI viSaya meM AcArya vidyAnanda ne tattvArthazlokavAtika meM vizada prakAza DAlA hai -tathAhi tarkasyAvisaMvAdo'numAsaMvAranAdapi / visaMvAdehi tarkasya jAtatannopapadyate / / " tarkasaMvAdasandehe niHzaMkAnumitikvate / tadabhAve na cAdhyakSaM tato neSTa vyavasthitiH / / pratyakSAnupalambhAbhyAM sambandho dezato gataH / sAdhyasAdhanayostAMta sAmastyeneti cintitam // pramANaviSayasyAyaM sAdhako na punaH svayam / pramANaM tarka ityetat kasyacit vyAhataMmatam / 1. sAdhyasAdhanasambandhyajJAnanivRttirUpe hi phale sAdhakatamastakaH / -zloka vArtikabhASya, 11131115 2. sa ca tarkastAM vyAptiM sakaladezakAlopasaMhAreNa viSayI karoti / sarvopasaMhAravatI hi vyAptiH / pratyakSasya sannihita deza eva dhUmAgnisambandhaprakAzanAnna vyAptiprakAzakatvam |-nyaaydiipikaa, 15, 16, pR0 62,63 212 tulasI prajJA

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pramANaviSaye zuddhiH kathaM nAmApramANataH / prameyAntarato mithyaajnyaanaaccttprsNgtH| samyak tarkaH pramANaM syAt tayA'nu grAhakatvataH / pramANasya yathAdhyakSamanamAnAdi cAznute // isa prakAra tarka kevala pramANa hI nahIM hai kintu vaha pratyakSAdi se bhinna eka pramANa hai| kyoMki tarka kA antarbhAva pratyakSAdi kisI pramANa meM saMbhava nahIM hai / (tarka kA jo viSaya hai usakA grahaNa bhI anya kisI pramANa se saMbhava nahIM hai|) isa taraha yaha nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hotA hai ki tarka eka pRthak pramANa hai| tarka pramANa parokSa pramANa ke pAMca bhedoM meM se eka hai / parokSa pramANa ke pA~ca bheda haiM-smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama / isa prakAra isa nibandha meM parokSa pramANa ke pA~ca bhedoM meM se do (anumAna aura tarka) ke svarUpa Adi kA saMkSepa meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| inakA vizeSa vicAra prameyakamalamArtaNDa Adi granthoM se jAnanA caahiye| eka rAjA aura usake mantrI meM vivAda chir3a gayA / mantrI kA kahanA thA ki Aja to hara pati apanI patnI kI AjJA kA pAlana karatA hai| rAjA ne kahA- nahIM karatA hai| mantrI bolA, to parIkSA kara lenI caahie| parIkSA kI tithi taya ho gii| jo patnI bhakta haiM, ve pahale kheme meM AveM / svatantra buddhi se calane vAle dUsare kheme meM aaveN| pahalA khemA turanta bhara gayA / ghaNToM bIta jAne para eka vyakti dUsare kheme meM aayaa| rAjA ne kahAcalo, eka vyakti to aayaa| usase pUchA gayA ki tuma isa kheme meM kisa kAraNa se Ae? vaha bolA-merI patnI ne kahA thA ki jarA dhyAna rakhanA; bhIDabhADa meM na phNsnaa| jahAM yaha sthiti dharma ke kSetra meM ghaTita ho jAtI hai, jahAM mana se apanA svAmitva samApta ho jAtA hai, vahA~ dharma nisteja, zaktihIna aura niSprANa bana jAtA hai| khaNDa 4, aMka 3-4 213

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zrImajjayAcArya racita 'jhINI caracA' (mUla evaM hindI anuvAda) sampAdaka evaM anuvAdaka muni navaratnamala terApaMtha ke caturtha AcArya zrI jItamala jI (jayAcArya) rAjasthAnI bhASA ke ucca koTi ke kavi hue haiN| unhoMne apanI bahumukhI pratibhA ke dvArA avirala gati se sAhityika dhArA pravAhita kii| unakI sajana-kalA, bhAvAbhivyakti, viSaya-pratipAdana kI zailI anUThI thii| ve bAlyakAla (11 varSa kI avasthA) se hI racanA karane laga gye| unhoMne saiddhAMtika tAttvika, nyAya, aitihAsika tathA AkhyAna Adi vividha viSayoM para dohe, chaMda va gItikAoM ke mAdhyama se sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyaa| bhagavatI-sUtra jaise vizAlakAya Agama kI sundarasundara rAga-rAganiyoM meM pAMcaso DhAle' (gItikAe) banAIM, jisakI zloka-saMkhyA lagabhaga 60 hajAra se adhika hai / unakA samagra sAhitya lagabhaga tIna lAkha zloka-pramANa hai| unake dvArA racita 'jhINI caracA' nAmaka eka laghu kRti hai| usameM unhoMne bhAva, lezyA, AtmA, guNasthAna Adi gahana tattvoM ko itane sarasa aura sarala tarIke se prastuta kiyA hai ki vaha jijJAsu pAThaka ke lie zIghrAtizIghra grAhya evaM hRdaya-sparzI bana jAtA hai / isameM kula 17 gItikAeM haiN| prathama gItikA meM iSTa puruSoM kI smRti karake yoga va lezyA pAMca bhAvoM meM kauna-sA bhAva hai tathA chaha dravya, nava tattvoM meM kauna 2 sA dravya aura tattva hai, isa para sundaratama prakAza DAlA gayA hai / dohA ajara amara vara amala siva, siddha samRddha sucaMga / AtamIka sukha vimala dhara, praNamu ANa umaga / / 1 / / maiM ajara, amara, pavitra, zubhaMkara, anuttaragaNa-Rddhi--saMpanna evaM AtmA ke nirmala sukha meM ramaNa karane vAle siddha bhagavAna ko harSa sahita namaskAra karatA huuN| namo namo nAbheya nita, marUdevI mahA maat| AdinAtha AdesarU, vasudhA mAMhi vikhyAta / / 2 / / nAbhi rAjA va marUdevI mAtA ke agajAta, pRthvI para suprasiddha, Adima jina RSabhadeva ko bAra-bAra bandanA karatA huuN| siddhAratha kUla tilaka sama, tisalAde aNgjaat| praNamu mana vaca kAya kara, mahAvIra jaganAtha / / 3 / / tulasI prajJA

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siddhAratha kula ke tilaka, trizalAnandana, tribhuvana-nAyaka, carama tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ko mana, vacana va kAyA ke dvArA praNAma karatA huuN| uttama goyama gaNaharU, sudharma jamba Ada / praNam be kara jor3a deM, AMNI mana ahalAda / / 4 / / gautama gaNadhara, sudharmA, jambU Adi uttama puruSoM ko prasanna-manA, donoM hAtha jor3a kara namaskAra karatA huuN| gaNapati bhikkhu mahAguNI, bhArImala RSarAya / jaya jaza karaNa sudIpa gaNi, praNamu haraSa savAya / / 5 / / mahAn guNoM ke dhanI, gaNa ke adhinAyaka AcArya bhikSa, bhArImAla va rAyacandajI (terApaMtha ke tIna AcArya) ko tathA mahAvideha kSetra meM viharamAna AcArya jaya jaza karaNa aura dIpa (dIpa jaza) gaNI ko atyaMta AlhAda pUrvaka namana karatA huuN| vidhana Tale ANaMda huvai, bhajana kiyAM bhaya jAya / caraNa jJAna nI vRddhi ha, gaNapati taNe pasAya / / 6 / / ukta ArAdhya devoM ke bhajana karane se vidhna, bhaya dUra bhAga jAte haiM tathA Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai aura unake prasAda se jJAna, cAritra kI abhivRddhi hotI hai| jJAna siMdhu ati hai athaga, caracA vividha suchAMNa / muja vidyA guru hema RSa, kahUM tAsa sira AMNa / / 7 / / jJAna rUpI samudra athAha hai, tattva-carcA vividha prakAra kI hai, unameM se chAna-bIna kara kucha carcA kA pratipAdana kara rahA huuN| isake lie mere vidyA-guru muni zrI hemarAjajI ko maiM zISa car3hAtA huuN| joga ane lezyA ubhaya, kiso bhAva kahivAya / cha dravya nava tatva mAhi kuNa, prathama DhAla re mAMya / / 8 / / yoga aura lezyA- kaunasA bhAva hai tathA chaha dravya va nava tattvoM meM kaunasA dravya va tattva hai, yaha pahalI DhAla meM batalAyA gayA hai| 1. kAya-vAGa manovyApAro yogaH-zarIra, vacana evaM mana ke vyApAra ko yoga kahate haiN| 2. yoga vargaNAntargata dravya sAcivyAta Atma pariNAmo lezyA / yoga vargaNA ke anta rgata pudgaloM kI sahAyatA se hone vAle Atma pariNAma ko lezyA (bhAva lezyA) kahate haiM / bhAva lezyA ke yogyapudgaloM ko dravya lezyA kahate haiN| kahIM kahIM varNa Adi ko bhI dravya lezyA kahA hai / Agama tathA thokar3oM meM jo deva aura nAraka meM lezyA kA kathana kiyA gayA hai, vaha prAyaH zArIrika varNa (dravya-lezyA) kI apekSA se hai| 3. avasthA vizeSa ko bhAva kahate haiM:-ve pAMca haiM - audayika (udaya-avasthA, niSpanna bhAva), aupazamika, kSAyika kSAyopazamika aura pAriNAmika / 4. guNaparyAyAzrayodravyam - guNa aura paryAyoM ke Azraya ko dravya kahate haiM / ve chaha haiM -dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAta, AkAzAstikAya, kAla, pudgalAstikAya aura jIvAstikAya / 5. pAramArthika vastu ko tattva kahate haiM / ve nau haiM- jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Azrava saMvara, nirjarA, bandha aura mokSa / khaNDa 4, aka 3-4 215

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DhAla-1 laya-dalAlI lAlana kI..... dravya bhAva lezyA vividha hai, sUtra bhagotI mAMya / zataka bAra meM paMcamuddeze, nirmala suNo tasu nyAya / suvinIta ziSa ANa dhare, TAle avinItAM ro prsNg| vinaya guNa vRddhi karai / / / / bhagavatIsatra ke bArahaveM zataka ke pAMcaveM uddezaka meM bhagavAna ne lezyA do prakAra kI kahIM hai:-dravya lezyA, bhAva lezyA / usakA Apa loga nirmala nyAya suneN| ___ jo suvinayI ziSya prabhu-AjJA ko zirodhArya karatA hai, avinayI puruSoM ke saMga ko chor3atA hai, vaha vinaya guNa kI vRddhi karatA hai| dravya lezyA chahuM aTha pharzI cha, bhAva lezyA hai jIva / cha dravya mAhi kiso dravya hai, kiso padArtha kahIva ||su02|| dravya lezyA chahaM SaT dravya mAhi, pudgala kahiye tAhi / nava tatva mAhi ajIva padAratha, puna pApa baMdha nAhi // 3 // chahoM dravya lezyAeM AThasparza vAlI haiN| chahoM bhAva lezyAeM jIva (jIva ke pariNAma) haiN| prazna-chaha dravya lezyAeM kaunasA dravya aura padArtha haiM ? uttara-chahoM dravya lezyAeM chaha dravyoM meM eka pudgala dravya kahalAtI hai| nava padArthoM (tattvoM) meM eka ajIva padArtha hai, para puNya, pApa aura baMdha nahIM hai / bhAva lezyA kRSNAdika tIna,cha dravya mAhi jIva / nava tatva mAhi jIva arU Azrava, joga Azrava kahova / / 4 / / mithyAta avrata pramAda kaSAya, e cihaM lezyA nAya / joga Azrava piNa asubha joga meM, azubha lezyA tInU Aya / / 5 / / chaha bhAva lezyAoM meM kRSNAdika tIna lezyAeM chaha dravyoM meM eka jIva dravya hai, nava tattvoM meM jIva aura Azrava (yoga Azrava) do haiN| mithyAtva (viparIta zraddhA) avrata (atyAga bhAva), pramAda (dharma ke prati anutsAha) kaSAya (rAga-dveSAtmaka tapti) ina cAroM ko lezyA nahIM kahA jaataa| ukta yoga Azrava bhI azubhayoga Azrava hai, usameM tInoM kRSNAdika azubha lezyAmoM kA samAveza hotA hai / tInU jogAM meM kiso joga hai, suNiyai tehanoM nyAya / mana vacana kAyA rA joga trihaM, salezI kahyA jiNarAya / / 6 / / uttarAdhyena adhyena cotIsa meM, trihuM jogAM rI agupta / kRSNa lezyA nA lakhaNa kahiye, zrI jina vayaNa susatya // 7 // 216 tulasI prajJA

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jihAM salesI tihAM sajogI, joga tihAM kahI lesh| joga lezyA maiM kAMyaka phera chai, jANa rAhya jiNa resa / / 8 / / ukta chahoM lezyAoM kA tInoM yogoM meM kaunasA yoga hai, isakA nyAya sunie / jinezvara deva ne mana, vacana, kAyA ke tInoM yogoM ko salezI kahA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke cautIsaveM adhyayana meM tIna yogoM kI agupti (khulAvaTa) ko kRSNa lezyA ke lakSaNa batalAye haiM / ye jina (vItarAga) ke vacana yathArtha haiN| jahAM salezI vahAM sayogI aura jahAM sayogI vahAM salezI hotA hai / vAstava meM yoga aura lezyA meM kyA aMtara hai, isakA rahasya jina bhagavAn hI jAna rahe haiM / bhAva lezyA cha dravya mAhi, kahiye jIva sUcIna / AzravajIva nirjarA nirvadya (niravadya)' navatatva mAhi tIna ||su0||9 chahoM bhAva lezyAoM ko chaha dravyoM meM eka-jIva aura nava tatvoM meM tIna-jIva, Azrava va nirjarA (niravadya) kahA gayA hai| zubha lezyA jo Azrava nirjarA, to kisA Azrava re mAMya / joga Azrava meM zubha lezyA chai, nirjarA karma kaTa tiNa nyAya / / 10 / / pUna baMdhe tiNa sU Azrava, subha lezyA kahi svaam|| zubha lesyA sU karma kaTe cha, tiNa sU nirjarA padArtha tAma // 11 // zubha lezyA (teja Adika tIna) jo Azrava aura nirjarA hai to kauna se Azrava meM hai ? zubha lezyA yoga Azrava (zubha yoga Azrava) meM hai / usase karma kaTate haiM, isa dRSTi se zubha lezyA nirjarA hai| ___ usase (zubha lezyA se) puNya kA baMdha hotA hai, ataH use Azrava kahA hai / karma nirjaraNa kI apekSA se use zubha lezyA kahA hai / zubha lezyA se karma jhar3ate haiM, isalie zubha lezyA nirjarA padArtha meM hai| zubha azubha lezyA ne karma lezyA kahI, zubha azubha bNdhNt| bhalI lezyA ne dharma lezyA kahI, uttarAdhyena siddhata / / 12 / / iNa nyAya nirjarA Azrava mAhi, zubha lesyA trihuM paay| adhyena cotIsa meM avalokI, nipuNa vicAro nyAya / / 13 / / uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM zubha-azubha lezyA ko karma lezyA kahA hai aura unake dvArA zabhaazubha karmoM kA baMdha hotA hai / zubha lezyA ko dharma lezyA kahA hai, isalie nirjarA aura Azrava meM tInoM zubha lezyAeM pAI jAtI haiM, arthAt zubha lezyA Azrava aura nirjarA donoM haiN| catura vyakti ko uttarAdhyayana ke cautIsaveM adhyayana kA avalokana kara isa bhyAya (nirNaya) para ciMtana karanA caahie| dravya lezyA chaThaM kiso bhAva cha, pariNAmIka pichaaNnn| bhAva lezyA chahuM kiso bhAva chai, sAMbhalIye suvihANa // 1411 khaNDa 4, aMka 3-4 217

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bhAva lezyA kRSNAdika tIna, udai pariNAmIka bhaav| kisA karma ro ude nipana cha, Agala suNoya nyAva / / 15 / / moha karma ro ude nipana chai, asubha lezyA trihuM vyApa / pApa karma baMdhai chai ehathI, sAta karma sU nahIM baMdhe pApa / / 16 / / teja padma bhAva lezyA e, tIna bhAva suvihAMNa / ude khayopazama pariNAmika e, sAtamA tAMI pichANa / / 17 / / bhAva sukala lezyA ima kahiye, cyAra bhAva citta chANa / udai khAyaka khayopazama jANo, vali pariNAmika jAMNa // 18 // dvAdazamA guNaThANA tAMI, sukala lezyA je paay| udai khayopazama pariNAmika chai, khAyaka bhAva na thAya / / 1 / / terasa meM guNaThANe zukala-lezyA chai te kuNa bhAva / udai khAyaka ne pariNAmika chai, nipuNa vicAro nyAva / / 20 / / prazna-chahoM dravya lezyAeM kaunasA bhAva hai ? uttara- eka pAriNAmika bhAva hai| prazna-chahoM bhAva lezyAeM kaunasA bhAva hai ? uttara- kRSNAdika tInoM bhAva lezyAoM meM do bhAva pAye jAte haiM---audayika aura pAriNAmika / prazna-ukta tInoM lezyAe kaunase karma kA udaya-niSpanna bhAva haiM ? uttara--tInoM azubha lezyAe moha karma kA udaya-niSpanna haiM, kyoMki isa (moha karma) se pApa karma kA baMdha hotA hai| zeSa sAta karmoM ke dvArA pApa karma kA baMdha nahIM ho sktaa| ___ tejaH padma bhAva lezyA meM tIna bhAva pAye jAte haiM:---audayika, kSAyopazamika aura pAriNAmika / ye sAtaveM guNasthAna taka hotI haiN| bhAva zukla lezyA meM cAra bhAva haiM---audayika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika aura pAriNAmika / bArahaveM guNasthAna taka jo zukla lezyA pAI jAtI hai usameM tIna bhAva haiM -- audayika, kSAyopazamika, aura pArikSAmika, para kSAyika nahIM hai| terahaveM guNasthAna kI zukla lezyA meM tIna bhAva hai:--- audayika, kSAyika aura pAriNAmika / vicakSaNa puruSa isa ke nyAya (nirNaya) para vicAra kreN| samace bhalI bhAva lezyA e, kiso bhAva avadhAra / ude khAyaka khayopazama pariNAmI, upazama varajI cyAra / / 2111 218 tulasI prajJA

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samuccaya zubha bhAva lezyA ( teja:, padma, zukla) meM kaunase bhAva pAye jAte haiM, pUchA jAya to zrISazAmika ko chor3akara cAra bhAva - audayika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika aurapAriNAmika kahanA cAhie / eudai bhAva te kiso karma no, ude nipana kahivAya / nAma karma no ude nipana che, punya baMdhe tiNa nyAya ||22|| hotA hai / ekhAyaka bhAva te kisA karma no, khAyaka nipana kahivAya / aMtarAya karma no khAyaka nipana chai, vIryaM labdhi pravaratAya || 2311 ekhayopazama bhAva te kiso karma no, khayopazama nipana kahivAya / aMtarAya karma ro khayopazama nipana chai, vIryaM caMcala sU karma khapAya 112411 prazna- ye tInoM zubha lezyAeM audayika bhAva haiM, to kauna se karma kA udayaniSpanna bhAva hai ? uttara - nAma karma kA udaya niSpanna bhAva hai, kyoMki inake dvArA puNya kA baMdha - prazna - ye kSAyikabhAva haiM to kauna se karma kA kSAyaka- niSpanna bhAva hai ? uttara--antarAya karma kA kSAyaka- niSpanna bhAva hai, kyoMki isase vIrya (zakti) labdhi kI pravRtti (vyApAra) hotI hai / prazna - ye kSayopazama bhAva haiM to kauna se karma kA kSayopazama- niSpanna bhAva hai ? uttara -- antarAya karma kA kSayopazama niSpanna bhAva hai, kyoMki vIrya kI caMcalatA (karaNa vIryaM) se hI karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai / zubha bhAva lezyA ne dharma lezyA kahI, tiNa sUM khAyaka khayopazama bhAva / zubha bhAva lezyA ne karma lezyA kahI, ude bhAva iNa nyAva ||25|| zubha bhAva lezyAoM ko dharma lezyA kahA hai, ataH ve kSAyika aura kSAyopazamika bhAva haiN| zubha bhAva lezyAoM ko karma lezyA kahA hai, isalie ve audayika bhAva haiM / iNa nyAva / zubha bhAva lezyA dharma lezyA kahI, karma kaTe zubha bhAva lezyA ne karma lezyA kahI, punya baMdhe ude bhAva ||26|| zubha bhAva lezyAoM se karma kaTate haiM, isalie unheM dharmaM lezyA kahA gayA hai| zubha bhAva lezyAoM se puNya kA baMdha hotA hai, isalie unheM karma lezyA va audayika bhAva kahA gayA hai / khAyaka khayopazama bhAva thI, punya nahIM baMdhe ligAra / ude bhAva sU N karma kaTe nahIM, tiNa sUM zubha lezyA bhAva cyAra // 27 // khaNDa 4, aMka 3-4 216

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kSAyika aura kSAyopazamika bhAva se kiMcit mAtra bhI puNya kA baMdha nahIM hotA, udaya bhAva se karma kA nAza nahIM hotA, isIlie zubha lezyA meM cAra bhAva pAye jAte haiM / zubha bhAva lezyA ne dharma lezyA kahI, tiNa sUM khAyaka khayopazama bhAva / dharma lesyA sU karma kaTe che, nirjarA kahI iNa nyAva // 28 // zubha bhAva lezyAoM ko isalie dharma lezyA kahA hai ki ve kSAyika aura kSAyopazamika bhAva haiM / dharmaM lezyA se karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai, isa apekSA se nirjarA kahA gayA hai / zubha bhAva lezyA neM karma lezyA kahI, tiNa sUM udai bhAva kahivAya / karma lezyA sU karma baMdhe chai, iNa kAraNa Azrava mAMya || 29|| zubha bhAva lezyAoM ko karma lezyA kahA hai, ata: ve audayika bhAva kahalAtI haiM / karma lezyA se karmoM kA baMdha hotA hai, ataH ve Azrava ke antargata haiM / anujoga dvAre ude bhAva meM, chahUM lezyA kahI tAma / uttarAdhyayane zubha lezyA neM, karma lezyA kahI svAma ||30|| arihaMta prabhu ne anuyogadvAra sUtra meM chahoM lezyAoM ko audayika bhAva kahA hai aura uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM zubha lezyAoM ko karma lezyA kahA hai / 220 prathama DhAla ugaNIsa dvAdaza, suda pAMcama vaizAkha / bhikkhU bhArImAla RSirAya pratApe, jaya jaza haraSa subhASa ||31|| yaha prathama DhAla saM. 1912 vaisAkha zuklA 5 ke dina banAI gaI hai / bhikSu, bhArImAla evaM RSirAya ke pratApa se jaya jaza ( jayAcArya) ke harSa kI abhivyakti ho rahI hai / --- (brahmacarya, ahiMsA, kSamA, zauca, tapa, dama, saMtoSa, satya aura asteya ye nau vrata hai / yadi inameM se eka vrata bhI TUTatA hai to nau ke nau vrata TUTa jAte haiM 1 ) - padmapurANa brahmacaryamahiMsA ca kSamAzaucatapodamaH / saMtoSa: satyamasteyaM, vratAni tu vizeSataH // ekena vratahInena, vratamasya tu lupyate // tulasI prajJA

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terApaMtha ke tIna aitihAsika sthala zrI bhUracanda jaina rAjasthAna pradeza kA pAlI jilA aitihAsika, sAMskRtika, audyogika evaM vyAvasAyika gatividhiyoM ke sAtha dhArmika dRSTikoNa se bhI sarva vikhyAta hai, jisakI goda meM sabhI dharma evaM sampradAyoM kA bahumukhI vikAsa huA hai / rANakapura, parazurAma mahAdeva Adi anekoM sthala Aja bhI bhArata ke mAnacitra para aitihAsika, dhArmika evaM prAcIna zilpakalA ke bejor3a namUnoM ke liye vikhyAta hai / yaha tapobhUmi anekoM RSi maharSiyoM, saMta mahAtmAoM, jaina sAdhusantoM evaM AcAryoM kI janma evaM karma-sthalI kA bhI saubhAgya prApta kiye hue hai / jainadharma ke anekoM itihAsa prasiddha zvetAmbara sAdhu evaM AcArya mahAtmAoM kA pAlI jile meM janma huA hai / unakI tyAga evaM tapasyA, jJAnagarimA, satya evaM ahiMsA kI vANI ne bhAratIya itihAsa ke amara pRSThoM para apanI amUlya chApa aMkita kara rakhI hai / terApaMtha ke janmadAtA tathA terApaMtha ke prathama AcArya bhikSu - bhIkhaNa jI - kA janma pAlI jile ke kaMTAliyA grAma meM saMkhalecA gotra ke zAha ballU kI dharma patnI zrImatI dIpAMbAI kI kokha se vi0 saM0 1783 ASAr3ha zuklA 13 ko huA thA / janma se pUrva inakI mAtA ne svapna meM siMha dekhA thA / Aja bhI kaMTAliyA gA~va kA vaha sAdhAraNa makAna jahA~ AcArya bhikSu kA janma huA thA, aitihAsika nidhi samajhA jAtA hai, jisakA sAdhAraNa praveza dvAra hai, aura AMtarika bhAga kI eka prAcIra para mAtA dvArA svapna meM dekhe siMha kI AkRti star kiyA huA hai / isa prAcIna imArata kI jagaha navIna nirmANa kArya karavAyA jA rahA hai| isa janma sthala ke pAsa hI eka Adhunika dharmazAlA 'zrI bhikSu kalyANa kendra' ke nAma se banI huI hai / AcArya bhikSu ne vi0 saM0 1808 mArgazIrSa kRSNA 12 ko pAlI jile ke aitihAsika sthala bagar3I meM sthAnakavAsI AcArya raghunAtha se dravya-dIkSA lI aura inhIM se saiddhAntika matabheda hone hara vi0 saM0 1817 caitra zuklA 9 ko Apa inase pRthaka ho gaye the / bagar3I bastI ke bAhara ThAkura jaitasiMha kI chatarI para jahA~ AcArya zrI bhikSu saiddhAntika matabhedoM ke kAraNa sthAnakavAsI jaina saMgha se pRthaka hue the, usa sthala para smRti svarUpa eka zilAlekha vidyamAna hai, jisake pAsa hI vi0 saM 2017 caitra zuklA navamI, 5 apraila 1960 ko aNuvrata Andolana ke pravartaka yugapradhAna AcArya zrI tulasI ke padArpaNa ke avasara para do zatAbdI pUrva uThAye krA~ti khaNDa 4, aMka 3-4 221

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kArI caraNa kI smRti meM eka choTe stambha para eka zilAlekha bhI aMkita kiyA gayA hai| yaha sthala bhI Ajakala pAlI jile kA aitihAsika evaM darzanIya sthala banA huA hai| sthAnakavAsI AcArya zrI raghunAtha se saiddhAntika matabheda se AcArya bhikSu sahita teraha sAdhu alaga ho gaye the| vi0 saM0 1817 meM ASADha pUrNimA ko AcArya bhikSu ne mevAr3a ke kelavA gAMva meM svayaM hI dIkSA grahaNa kii| janatA ne ina teraha sAdhuoM ko terApaMtha se sambodhita karanA Arambha kiyA, jabaki svayaM AcArya bhikSu ise "he ! prbho| yaha terApaMtha" se sambodhita kiyA karate the| tabhI se zvetAmbara jaina saMgha ke mUrtipUjaka, sthAnakavAsI paMtha ke pazcAta terApaMtha kA zubhArambha huaa| AcAya zrI bhikSa kA svargavAsa vi0 saM0 1860 bhAdravA zuklA terasa ko pAlI jile ke siriyArI gA~va meM huA / jahA~ ApakA dAha-saMskAra kiyA usa sthala para eka smAraka svarUpa saMgamaramara ke pASANoM kA vizAla samacaurasa cabUtarA banA huA hai| jisa pr-he| prbho| yaha terApaMtha, svastika evaM AcArya bhikSu zabda likhe hue haiN| cabUtare kI nIce kI khar3I dIvAroM para AcArya bhikSu kI janma kuNDalI, janma paricaya, nirAkAMkSI bhikSa, bhikSu vANI, saMgha ko aMtima sandeza, bhikSu kI racanAaiM, vihAra kSetra, cArtumAsa Adi kI vistRta jAnakArI bhI aMkita kI huI hai / isI smAraka para dayA, dharma evaM dAna sambandhI upadeza bhI vidyamAna hai| ___ yaha smAraka siriyArI gAMva ke bAhara barisAtI bahane vAlI nadI ke kinAre, pahAr3oM kI oTa meM vizAla cAradIvArI ke bIca zrI zvetAmbara terApaMtha smAraka samiti dvArA saMcAlita rasAyana zAlA bhavana ke sAmane banA huA hai / isa aitihAsika smAraka kA praveza dvAra pUrvAbhimukha hai| zrI zvetAmbara jaina terApaMtha ke janmadAtA AcArya zrI bhikSu kA janma, dIkSA evaM svargavAsa rAjasthAna ke pAlI jile meM kramazaH kaMTAliyA, bagar3I evaM siriyArI gAMva meM hone ke kAraNa, ye sthala Ajakala aitihAsika smAraka bane hue haiM, jisakI aitihAsikatA ke kAraNa prativarSa hajAroM yAtrI yAtrA bhI karate haiM / svayaM AcArya zrI bhikSa ne apane janma sthala kaMTAliyA meM vi0 saM0 1824 evaM 28 meM , krAMtikArI kadama uThAye gae sthala bagar3I (sudharI) meM vi0 saM0 1827, 30 evaM 36 meM aura svargArohaNa-sthala siriyArI meM vi0 saM0 1819, 22 29, 39, 42, 51 evaM 1860 meM cArtumAsa kiye / siriyArI meM terApaMtha ke janmadAtA AcArya bhikSa ke vi0 saM0 1860 bhAdra vA zuklA 13 ko svargavAsa hone para inake ziSya zrI bhArImAla terApaMtha kA dUsare AcArya hue| jahA~ inhoMne vi0 saM0 1872 kA cArtumAsa kiyaa| ina do zvetAmbara terApaMtha ke AcAryoM ke atirikta terApaMtha ke kisI bhI anya AcAryoM ne ina tInoM sthAnoM para apanA cArtumAsa nahIM kiyaa| terApaMtha dvArA manAye jAne vAlA maryAdA mahotsava bhI pAlI jile ke ina aitihAsika sthaloM meM vi0 saM0 1922 meM isa paMtha ke cauthe AcArya zrI jItamala jI dvArA AcArya bhikSa 222 tulasI prajJA

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kI janma sthalo kaMTAliyA meM manAyA gyaa| isI paMtha ke aSTama AcArya zrI kAlUrAma jI dvArA bhI bagar3I-sudharImeM vi0 saM0 1961 kA maryAdA mahotsava manAyA gyaa| vartamAna AcArya zrI talasI ne vi0 saM0 2010 meM rANAvAsa meM maryAdA mahotsava mnaayaa| ina kAraNoM se bhI zvetAmbara terApaMtha ke ina aitihAsika evaM dhArmika sthAnoM kA mahatva svAbhAvika hI hai / isakI mahattA banI rahe, isake liye yahAM mAnava kalyANa sambandhI racanAtmaka gatividhiyoM kA zubhArambha kiyA jAnA apekSita hai| chatarI sira para thI / use ghamaNDa ho gayA thaa| usane kahA-maiM sira ko dhapa tathA sardI se bacAtI huuN| maiM bar3I huuN| usane apane ahaM ko prakaTa kara diyaa| sira ne kahAchatarI, tuma ThIka kahatI ho / tuma garmI aura sardI se merI rakSA karatI ho, paranta yaha batAo ki tumako banAyA kisane ? tumhArA nirmANa mastiSka ne hI kiyA hai| kisI gAyabakarI ne to kiyA nhiiN| paramparAeM satya para AdhArita hotI hai / yadi satya ko haTA diyA jAya to paramparA kA mUlya hI kyA raha jAtA hai ? X eka rAjA ne khUba acchA-sA tAlAba bnvaayaa| mantrI loga ekatrita he| sabane tAlAba kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI / sarva sammati se nizcaya kiyA gayA ki isa tAlAba ko dUdha se bharA jAya / rAjyabhara meM ghoSaNA kara dI gaI ki hara parivAra isameM eka-eka loTA dadha anivAryataH DAle / eka vyakti ne socA ki lAkhoM parivAra dUdha ddaaleNge| yadi maiM eka loTA pAnI DAlU to kyA antara par3egA? yaha soca kara usane eka loTA pAnI DAla diyaa| dUsare dina rAjA evaM mantrIgaNa tAlAba ke kinAre ekatrita hue| tAlAba pAnI se labAlaba bharA thaa| sthiti yaha banI ki jaise eka vyakti ne pAnI DAlane kA socA, vaise hI sabhI ne soca liyaa| + sthAnAMga sUtra meM ATha aise kAraNa batAe gae haiM, jinase vyakti AlocanA nahIM karatA, pratikramaNa nahIM karatA, unase dUra hone kA saMkalpa nahIM karatA / (1) maiMne akaraNIya kArya kiyA hai, aba kyA AlocanA karu ? (2) maiM doSa kA sevana kara hI rahA huuN| (3) abhI bhI kruuNgaa| (4) AlocanA karUMgA to apakIrti hogii| (5) merA apayaza hogaa| (6) avinaya hogaa| (7) guru soceMge ki ise vinIta samajhA thA, parantu avinIta niklaa| (8) prAyazcita karUMgA to ajita pratiSThA samApta ho jaaygii| ye kAraNa vyakti ko prAyazcita na karane kI ora prerita karate haiN| + khaNDa 4, aMka 3-4 223

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jaina hindI kaviyoM kI alaMkAra-yojanA DA. mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA abhivyakti ke pramukha upakaraNoM meM alaMkAra-yojanA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| jaina kaviyoM kI hindI-kAvya-kRtiyoM se alaMkAroM kA vyavahAra sahajarUpa meM huA hai| hindI jaina kAvya-kRtiyoM meM alaMkAra-vyavahAra kI sthiti nimna prakAra rahI hai / yathA 1. sAdhAraNa rUpa meM alaMkAra vyavahAra 2. pracuratApUrvaka alaMkAra vyavahAra 3. vastu vizleSaNa ke anusAra alaMkAra vyavahAra kavi ko jahA~ vastu kA yAthAtathya varNana karanA abhISTa rahA hai, vahAM alaMkAroM kA vyavahAra sAdhAraNa rUpa meM huA hai| aisI sthiti meM samatAmUlaka alaMkAroM ko hI gRhIta kiyA gayA hai / madhyakAlIna jaina hindI kAvya-kRtiyoM meM vividha alaMkAra ke darzana sahaja meM ho jAte haiN| ina prayogoM meM kavi-jJAna pramANita karane ke uddezya se alaMkAroM kI bharatI nahIM huI hai apitu kAvya-zAstrIya maryAdAnumodita alaMkAroM ko gRhIta kiyA gayA hai| vastu vizleSaNa ke anusAra alaMkAroM kA vyavahAra kavi kI dUradarzitA kA paricAyaka rahA hai| kevayitA apane kathana ko janasAdhAraNa taka pahuMcAne ke lie yadi amuka amuka alaMkAroM ke prayoga Avazyaka anubhava karatA hai to tatkAlIna vyavahRta upamAnoM ko yathAsthAna gRhIta kiyA gayA hai| mUlataH jaina kavi, muni, AcArya, bhaTTAraka tathA brahmacaryajana rahe haiM / gRha-vAsI jaina kaviyoM kI saMkhyA adhika nahIM rahI kintu aise loga jaina dharma ke vidvAn tathA zAstra-svAdhyAyI avazya rahe haiM / hindI kaviyoM kI bhAMti unheM koI rAjyAzraya nahIM milA aura nahIM kisI zreSThi athavA ThikAnAzrita unakA poSaNa hI huaa| jo rAjyAzraya meM rahe bhI haiM unhoMne dharma pracAra tathA jana kalyANa ke atirikta anya vinoda paraka kAvya sRjana nahIM kiyaa| aise kavigaNa adhikAMzataH AcArya, muni saMghoM tathA bhaTTArakoM ke saMghaTana ke antargata hI rahe haiN| AcArya muni bhaTTAraka tathA brahmacArI gaNa prAyaH pada-yAtrI hote the aura ve loga varSA-vAsa meM cAra-pAMca mahIne eka susampanna sthAna para pravAsa karate jahA~ unake dvArA zAntipUrvaka dekhAsamajhA gayA tathya tathA satya kAvya meM abhivyaMjita kiyA jaataa| dUsare prakAra ke ve kavigaNa haiM jinakA sArasvata jIvana zailI-saMgaThana dvArA paripoSita hotA rhaa| madhyakAla meM jaina kaviyoM kI eka vizruta zailI kA ullekha milatA hai jise 224 tulasI prajJA

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tatkAla meM 'zailI' ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA jAtA thaa| isa 'kAvya- sailI' ke sakriya sadasyoM meM paMDita banArasIdAsa jaina, bhayyA bhagavatIdAsa, bhUdharadAsa, vRndAvanadAsa tathA paMDita daulatarAma ulekhanIya haiN| isI prakAra dillI, jayapura, IDara, jaisalamera Adi sthAnoM meM ina kaviyoM ke saMgaThanoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ina sailiyoM ke naityika kAryakramoM meM zAstra- svAdhyAya tathA tAttvika carcAoM kA vivecana mukhya hai : bhaTTAraka sampradAya ke kaviyoM kI dezavyApI aneka gaddiyA~ rahI haiM jahAM se ve apane kSetra ke samAja meM dharma-pracAra kI bAgaDora saMbhAlA karate haiM / isa prakAra hindI ke rAjyAzrita kaviyoM kI vicAradhArA aura ina jaina hindI kaviyoM kI vicAradhArA meM koI samAnatA parilakSita nahIM hotI / rAjyAzrita hindI kaviyoM ne saMskRta AcAryoM ke dvArA praNIta kAvya-zAstra kA adhyana kiyA tathA AvazyakatAnusAra katipaya hindI kaviyoM ne AcArya granthoM kA praNayana bhI kiyA aura unhoMne jisa kAvya kA sRjana kiyA hai, usameM kAvya zAstrIya lakSaNa sahaja meM dekhe jA sakate haiM / hindI ke rAjyAzrita kaviyoM kI bhAMti hindI jaina kaviyoM kA kAvya sRjana kA lakSya mAtra rAjya- vaMdanA tathA loka raMjana hI nahIM rahA apitu ina kaviyoM ke sammukha jaina dharma tathA prANI mAtra ke kalyANaparaka dhArmika bAtoM ko kAvya zailI meM saralatA pUrvaka abhivyakta karanA rahA hai / isIlie inake kAvya kA svarUpa tatkAlIna rAjyAzrita kaviyoM kI nAI bhinna pratIta hotA hai / isake artha yaha nahIM haiM ki ina kaviyoM ko loka- cittAnuraMjana kA dhyAna hI nahIM thA / ina kaviyoM kI kAvyAbhivyakti meM tatkAlIna pracalita abhivyaktigata sabhI upakaraNoM ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai / alaMkAroM ke prayoga ke viSaya meM bhI yahI satya caritArthaM rahA hai / yahAM ina kaviyoM dvArA prayukta nAnA alaMkAroM ko hama kAvya zAstrIya nikaSa ke AdhAra para nimna vargoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM / yathA 1. uccatama 2. uccatara 3. ucca uccatama koTi meM parigaNita kie jAne vAle alaMkAroM ke nAma nimna prakAra haiM - anuprAsa, yamaka, dRSTAnta, upamA, rUpaka, punarukti prakAza, zleSa, vyatireka, saMdeha aura utprekSA / isake atirikta samAsokti, kAvyaliMga, ananvaya, vIpsA, virodhAbhAsa, ullekha Adi aneka alaMkAra sAdhAraNataH gRhIta hue haiM / yadyapi ina alaMkAroM ke prayoga meM cAhe zAstrIya takanIka kA samyak upayoga na huA ho tathApi bhAvAbhivyakti meM koI bAdhA nahIM A pAI hai / pandrahavIM zatI se lekara solahavIM zatI taka alaMkAra - bahula kAvya prAyaH nahIM race gae / solahavIM zatI taka anuprAsa, upamA, rUpaka tathA punarukti prakAza jaise alaMkAroM ke prayoga saphalatApUrvaka hue haiM / aba yahA~ pratyeka alaMkAra kA zatAbdikrama se isa prakAra adhyayana kareMge ki jaina hindI kAvya meM unake prayoga kI sthiti kA samyak udghATana ho sake / khaNDa 4, aMka 3-4 225

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anuprAsa :-pandrahavIM zatI ke rAjazekhara sUri, merunandana upAdhyAya, solahavIM ke jJAnabhUSa, satrahavIM ke kuzala lAbha, banArasIdAsa, aThArahavIM ke bhaiyyA bhagavatIdAsa aura unnIsavIM zatI ke kavivara budhajana dvArA anuprAsoM kA saphala prayoga ullekhanIya hai| kavivara bhaiyyA bhagavatIdAsa dvArA anuprAsoM kA zAstrIya prayoga hindI meM anUThA mAnA jAyagA / / yamaka alaMkAra kA prayoga jaina hindI kAvya meM Arambha se hI huA hai / pandrahavIM zatI ke rAjazekhara sUrI, satrahavIM zatI ke yazovijaya upAdhyAya, paMDita banArasIdAsa, aThArahavIM ke jinaraMga sUri aura unnIsavIM ke kavivara vRndAvanadAsa ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM jina ke kAvyoM meM yamaka alaMkAra kA saphala prayoga huA hai / vIra rasa pradhAna hindI kAvyAbhivyakti meM jo sthAna mahAkavi bhUSaNa ko prApta hai usI prakAra jaina hindI kaviyoM meM bhaiyyA bhagavatIdAsa apanI AdhyAtmika abhivyaMjanA meM yamaka alaMkAra ke prayoga meM siddhahasta rahe haiM / Apa yamaka alaMkAra ke cakravartI mAne jAte haiN| dArzanika abhivyaMjanA ko sarala sugama banAne ke lie jaina hindI kaviyoM dvArA dRSTAnta alaMkAra ko gRhIta kiyA gayA hai / satrahavIM zatI ke mahAkavi banArasIdAsa dRSTAnta . 1. kaTAka karma Torike chaTAMka gAMTha chorika, paTAka pApa mora ke taTAka de mRSA gii| ghaTAka cinha jAna ke bhaTAka hoya Ana ke, naTAka nRtya mAna ke khaTAki ne kharI tthii| ghaTA / ghora phArika taTAka baMdha TAra ke, aTAke rAma dhAri ke raTAka rAma kI jii| gaTAka zuddha pAnako haTAka Ana Ana ko, ghaTAka Apa dhAna ko saTAka eyo badhU laI / / kupaMtha-supaMtha pacIsikA, bhayyA bhagavatIdAsa 2. eka matabAle kaheM anyamatabAre saba, eka matabAre para bAre mata sAre haiN| eka paMca tattva vAre eka-eka tattva vAre, eka mata bhramavAre eka-eka nyAre haiM / jaise matavAre bake taise matavAre baka, tAsauM matavAre taka binA matavAre haiM / zAnti rasa vAre kaheM mRtakoM nivAre rahe, teI prAna pyAre raheM aura saba bAre haiN| braja-bilAsa, bhaiyyA bhagavatIdAsa 3. jaina kaviyoM ke hindI kAvya kA kAvya-zAstrIya mUlyAMkana, pRSTha 94, (thIsisa) -DA. mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA, 226 tulasI prajJA

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alaMkAra ke vastutaH ratnAkara kahe jAte haiM / " Apake kAvya meM vyavahRta dRSTAnta alaMkAra anyatama guNa rahA hai, loka bodha aura usake sAtha artha kI spaSTatA / kavivara bucarAja, jJAna bhUSaNa, kavivara budhajana, dyAnatarAya Adi kaviyoM dvArA dRSTAnta alaMkAra kA saphala prayoga draSTavya hai / upamA alaMkAra kA prayoga Arambha se hI huA hai, kintu usakA vyavasthita rUpa hameM solahavIM zatI meM parilakSita hotA hai / kavivara jJAnabhUSaNa dvArA pUrNa tathA luptopamA ke prasaMga meM Adarza kI sthApanA huI hai / satrahavIM zatI ke banArasIdAsa, aThArahavIM ke bhaiyyA bhagavatIdAsa, merunandana upAdhyAya, jinaharSa, dhyAnatarAya vinodIlAla tathA budhajana ke dvArA upamA alaMkAra kA sundara prayoga huA hai / kavi ne yauvana dhana ke dharma (kSaNabhaMguratA ) ko navIna upamAna karatala nIra kA jimi vAcaka ke sAtha pUrNopamA kA sundara prayoga kiyA hai / " jaina kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA meM rUpaka alaMkAra kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai / yaha unakA priya alaMkAra mAnA jAtA hai / kavivara sadhAru, merunandana, jayasAgara banArasIdAsa, bhUradAsa, tathA vinodI nAla sAMgarUpaka alaMkAra ke prayoga meM ullekhanIya haiN| isake atirikta kavivara jinadAsa, zubhacandra kumudacandra dyAnatarAya, bhAgacandra Adi kaviyoM dvArA rUpaka alaMkAra ke kAvya meM saphala prayoga hue haiM / 7 4. vahIM, pRSTha 206, DA0 pracaMDiyA, 5. jaise nisivAsara kamala raheM paMka hI meM, paMkaja kahAve paina vArka Dhiga paMka hai / jaise maMtra vAdI viSadhara soM maMtra kI sakati vAkai binA jaise jIbha gahai cikanAI rahe pAnI meM kanaka jaise kAI sau aTaMka hai / taise jJAnavaMta nAnA bhAMti karatUti ThAne, kiriyA ko bhinna mAna yAteM nikalaMka hai || - samayasAra nATaka, banArasIdAsa / 6. Ahe Ayu kamala dala sama, caMcala capala zarIra / yauvana dhana iva athira karama jimi karatala nIra // khaNDa 4, aMka 3-4 gahAve gAta, viSa DaMka hai / rUkho aMga, 7. sAcI to gaMgA yaha vItarAga vAnI / avicchanna dhArA nija dharma kI kahAnI || jAte ati hI vimala agAdha jJAna - pAnI / jahAM nahIM saMzayAdi- paMka nizAnI / saptabhAMga jahaM taraMga uchalata sukhadAnI / saMtacitta marAlavanda rame nitya jJAnI // -- AdIzvara phAgu, bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa -- pada, rAga, carcarI, bhAgacandra 227

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kathana meM puSTatA utpanna karane ke lie kaviyoM dvArA punarukti prakAza alaMkAra kI prayoga draSTavya hai / bhaktyAtmaka bhAvanA meM punarukti kathana se hI zobhA kI prApti huI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki ina kaviyoM kI hindI kAvyakRtiyoM meM punarukti prakAza alaMkAra kA prayoga pandrahavIM zatI se hI parilakSita hotA hai / kAvya meM saMgIta aura layatA ke saphala saMcaraNa kI dRSTi se isa alaMkAra kA prayoga sarvathA ullekhanIya rahA hai / isa dRSTi se kavivara bRndAvanadAsa viracita pUjA - kAvya rUpa meM punarukti prakAza alaMkAra ke zubha darzana hote haiM / " kAvya ke ubhaya pakSa - zabda aura artha meM utkarSa utpanna karane kA zreya mUlataH zleSa alaMkAra ke vyavahAra para nirbhara karatA hai / hindI kI jaina kAvyakRtiyoM meM zleSa alaMkAra kA saphala vyavahAra dRSTavya hai / kavivara bhagavatIdAsa ke paramAtma zataka meM 'tAre' aura 'dhana' zabdoM meM zleSa kA camatkAra ullekhanIya hai 19 apanI bAta ko paramotkRSTa pramANita karane ke lie ina kaviyoM ko vyatireka alaMkAra kI AvazyakatA huI / isI uddezya se prabhAvita hokara ina kaviyoM dvArA racita kAvya meM vyatireka alaMkAra kA vyavahAra dRSTavya hai / kavivara vinarodIlAla ne nAbhinandana kI vandanA karate hue vyatireka alaMkAra ke saphala vyavahAra se apanI bhaktyAtmaka bhAvanA abhivyakta kI hai, jisameM karor3oM ravikiraNoM tathA kAmadeva hIna se pratIta ho uThe haiM 110 ina kaviyoM ne anya aneka alaMkAroM kI bhAMti sandeha alaMkAra kA bhI Arambha se hI prayoga kiyA hai / satrahavIM zatI ke rUpacandra jI dvArA pada sAhitya meM sandeha alaMkAra kA prayoga Adarza kI sthApanA karatA hai / 11 228 8. jhanana jhanana jhanana jhananaM, surata tahAM tananaM tananaM / ghanana ghananaM ghanaghaMTa baje, dumadaM dumadaM miradaMga saje // - bhagavAna varddhamAna jina pUjA, bRndAvanadAsa 9. vItarAga kInhoM kahA ? ko candA kI saina | dhAma dvAra ko rahata hai, tAre suna sikharbana // -- paramAtma zataka, bhaiyyA bhagavatIdAsa / 10. jAke caraNAravinda pUjita surinda inda devana ke vRnda canda zobhA atibhArI hai / jAke nakhapara ravi koTina kiranavAre mukha dekhe kAmadeva zobhA chavi hArI hai / / jAkI deha uttama hai darpana sI dekhiyana apano sarUpa bhavasAta kI vicArI hai / kahata vinodIlAla manavacana tihUMkAla aise nAbhinandana kUM bandanA hamArI hai // - caturviMzati jina stavana, vinodIlAla 11. kidhoM jIva vadhU kiyo kidhoM, hama bolyo mRSA nIti vicArI / kidhoM para dravya haro tRSNAvasa kidhoM paramanara taru nihArI / / kadhoM bahuta Arambha parigraha kaha jU hamari dRSTi pasArI / kidhoM juvA madhu mAMsa ramyo, kidhoM vitta-baghU cittadhArI // - pada saMgraha, kavi rUpacandra / tulasI prajJA

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utprekSAoM kA prayoga varNya viSaya ke citraNa kI anivAryatA ko dRSTi meM rakhakara kiyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkaroM, tIrthoM tathA anya prasaMgoM meM alaukika bhAvanAoM kI abhivyaMjanA ke lie isa alaMkAra kA pracura prayoga huA hai / utprekSAlaMkAra ke siddha kavi haiM sadhAru aura hIrAnanda / isake atirikta aneka alaMkAroM ke saphala prayoga jaina kaviyoM ke hindI kAvyoM meM parilakSita hai / sahokti, vinokti, tathA anyokti alaMkAroM ke prayoga bhI nirAle hI kahe jaaeNge| isI prakAra ananvaya, virodhAbhAsa kI sthiti rahI hai / AdhyAtmika tathA dArzanika abhivyakti meM jahAM vicAroM kI gambhIratA aura virATatA kI abhivyaMjanA huI hai, vahAM kAvyakalA cAhe bhale hI ubhara kara na AyI ho, kintu vicAroM kI abhivyaMjanA meM ina alaMkAroM kA sahayoga sarvathA stutya khlaaegaa| jana kaviyoM ne kAvya meM arthotkarSa ke lie kevala zabda-artha paraka alaMkAroM kA hI prayoga nahIM kiyA hai apitu unhoMne citrAlaMkAroM kA bhI saphala prayoga kiyA hai / isa dRSTi se kavivara bhaiyyA bhagavatIdAsa kA ullekhanIya sthAna rahA hai| --0 cAra vyakti eka santa ke pAsa pahuMce / ve santa ke sAnnidhya meM sAdhanA karanA cAhate the| santa ne kahA ki maiM dekhUgA ki tuma pAtra ho yA nhiiN| abhI tuma mauna ho jAo aura jaba taka maiM na kahUM, mauna rakhanA / eka ghaNTA biitaa| do biite| tIsarA ghaMTA prArambha hote hI eka vyakti bolA-aMdherA chA gayA hai| dUsarA bolA-abhI aMdherA kahAM ? tIsarA bolA tuma donoM ne mauna bhaMga kara diyaa| cauthA bolA-maiM to nahIM bolA / prathama do pramAdI the| unase bole binA na rahA gyaa| tIsarA cauthA paradoSadarzI the| 12. tina meM natata amarAMganA, hAva-bhAva vidhi nATaka bnaa| caMcala capala soma vijulI, manu sobhA dhana vici uchalI / / -- samavazaraNa kI zobhA, paM. hIrAnanda / khaNDa 4 aMka 3-4 226

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zodha prabandha kA sAra: vAdirAjasUri kRta pArzvanAthacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana -DaoN. jayakumAra jaina saMskRta sAhitya kA vizAla bhANDAra prAcIna kAla ke tIna pramukha sampradAyoM-vaidika, jaina aura bauddha ke manISiyoM kI sevA se samRddha huA hai| isalie bhAratIya saMskRti ke vAstavika mUlyAGkana ke lie tInoM dhArAoM se samAhRta sAhitya kA vivecana aparihArya hai| eka viziSTa bhAratIya sampradAya ke rUpa meM jainoM ne saMskRta kI mahattvapUrNa sevA kI hai, isa viSaya meM suprasiddha aitihAsika vidvAn DaoN0 esa0 vinTaranitz2a ne jo likhA hai, vaha smaraNIya hai "I was not able to do justice to the literary achievements of the Jainas. But I hope to have shown that the Jainas have contributed their full share to the religious, ethical and scientific literature of ancient India."2 vidvAna samIkSaka kI isa ukti se spaSTa hai ki saMskRta sAhitya ke kSetra meM janoM kI dena kA pUrNAMga Akalana karanA Avazyaka hai aura yaha kArya Aja taka vAMchita rUpa meM nahIM huA hai / IsA kI dvitIya zatAbdI se lekara jaina kavi nirantara kAvya-sarjanA meM saMlagna haiN| kintu hama dekhate haiM ki pAzcAtya vidvAn vebara, mekDaoNnala tathA kItha Adi ne apane saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsoM meM inakA nAmamAtra kA ullekha kiyA hai, jabaki vAstavikatA yaha hai ki saMskRta sAhitya meM jainoM kI dena kA aura bhI adhika mahattva hai, kyoMki ye kavi pAlI kI paramparA ke vAhaka bauddhoM kI taraha prAkRta kI paramparA ko sAtha lekara saMskRta sAhitya ke kSetra meM praviSTa hue haiM / phalataH inake adhyayana se saMskRta bhASA kI vyApakatA, prayoga pracu. ratA, bhAvagarimA evaM AlaMkArika siddhAntoM kI naI parIkSA saMbhava hai| sAmpradAyika bhedabuddhi ke kAraNa saMskRta sAhitya kA eka vizAla aMza aba taka upekSita par3A hai, jisameM se vAdirAjasUri kRta pArzvanAthacarita atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / bhArata ___ 1. kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya dvArA pI-eca0 DI0 (saMskRta) upAdhi hetu svIkRta zodha-prabandha / 2. The Jainas' in 'The History of Sanskrit Literature', p. 15 230 tulasI prajJA

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ke dharmamaya jIvana meM jina mahAna vibhUtiyoM kA cirasthAyI prabhAva hai, unameM jaina sampradAya ke pUjya teisaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha anyatama haiN| unake pAvana jIvana ko janamAnasa meM pracArita karane kI bhAvanA se racita pArzvanAthacarita kA zodhAtmaka adhyayana isa upekSita kAvya ke vizleSaNa karane meM merA sAvadhAna padakSepa hai| maiMne tathyaniSThA ke sAtha pArzvanAthacarita mahAkAvya kA samyak vizleSaNa karate hue anusaMdhAna karane kA jo vinamra prayAsa kiyA hai, usakA sArasaMkSepa vidvAnoM ke samakSa upasthita hai| prakRta zodha-prabaMdha sAta adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai / prathama adhyAyaH caritakAbya aura pArzvanAthacarita ___ saMskRta-sAhitya meM caritakAvyoM kI eka lambI paramparA hai, jo IsA kI saptama zatAbdI se prArambha hotI hai usake bAda adyAvadhi zatAdhika caritakAvya likhe gaye haiN| ina kAvyoM meM jaina dharma ke sammAnya tirasaTha zalAkA puruSoM, caubIsa kAmadevoM, katipaya anya puNyapuruSoM, mahilAoM evaM rAjAoM kA carita gumphita hai / jina kAvyoM meM rAjAoM kA carita gumphita hai, unheM aitihAsika caritakAvya aura jina meM zalAkA puruSoM yA anya puNyapuruSoM kA AkhyAna nibaddha hai, unheM paurANika carita kAvya kahA jA sakatA hai| rAma-lakSmaNa, kRSNa-baladeva, pradyumna, hanumAn Adi ke prati jainoM kA bhI sadA se pUjyabhAva rahA hai| ataeva jainoM ne apane sampradAya kI mAnyatAoM ke anusAra inake jIvanacarita para aneka kAvyoM kI racanA kI hai / yahI nahIM, prAkRta kI taraha saMskRta bhASA meM bhI jaina kaviyoM ne caritakAvya likhane kA zrIgaNeza rAmakathA se hI kiyA hai / jaina paramparA meM sampUrNa vAGamaya ko cAra anuyogoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / inameM caritakAvya prathamAnuyoga ke antargata Ate haiN| prathamAnuyoga meM paramArtha viSaya kA kathana karane vAle tirasaTha zalAkA puruSa evaM anya dhArmika vyaktiyoM ke jIvanacarita kA varNana hotA hai| jaTAsiMhanandi kA varAMgacarita (7-8vIM zatAbdI kA sandhikAla), vIranandi kA candraprabhacarita, mahAsena kA pradya mnacarita aura asaga kA vIravardhamAnacarita (10vIM zatAbdI), vAdirAjasUri kA pArzvanAthacarita aura yazodharacarita (11vIM zatAbdI), hemacandra kA kumArapAlacarita (12vIM zatAbdI) aura udayaprabhasUri kA saMghapativarita yA dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya (13vIM zatAbdI) saMskRta sAhitya ke pratinidhi caritakAvya hai| inameM hemacandra ke kumArapAlacarita aura udayaprabhasUri ke saMghapativarita kA itihAsa ke pariprekSya meM atyanta mahattva hai / kAvya nirmANa kI saMkhyA kI dRSTi se 14vIM-15vIM zatAbdI kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / isa samaya ke kaviyoM meM bhaTTAraka sakalakIti pramukha haiN| 16vIM se 20vIM zatAbdI meM aba taka lagabhaga cAlIsa caritakAvyoM kA nirmANa huaa| bIsavIM zatAbdI meM zrI bhUrAmallazAstrI (zrI jJAnasAgara mahArAja) ne aneka kAvyoM kI racanA kI, jinameM mahAvIracarita yA vIrodaya aura samadradattacarita utkRSTa koTi ke caritakAvya haiM / ina kAvyoM meM bhASA aura bhAva tathA navIna chandonirmANa ke kSetra meM kavi ne apanI pratibhA kA anupama nidarzana prastuta kiyA hai| khaNDa 4, aMka 3.4 231

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bhArata ke dhArmika jIvana meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA jIvanacarita atyanta rocaka evaM ghaTanApradhAna hai / aneka kaviyoM ne unake pavitra saMdeza kA pracAra karane ke lie prAcIna bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM - saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza - meM bIsa se bhI adhika kAvyoM kA praNayana kiyA hai / saMkhyA kI dRSTi se hI nahIM, bhAvoM kI dRSTi se bhI ye kAvya atyanta prabhAvazAlI haiM / inameM saMskRta bhASA meM likhita pArzvanAthacarita atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / yadyapi isake pUrva pAzvabhyudaya kI racanA jinasenAcArya ne meghadUta kI samasyApUrti ke rUpa meM kI thI, kintu usameM jIvana kI ekAdha ghaTanA kA hI samAveza ho pAyA hai| prathama adhyAya meM saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASAoM meM racita samasta pArzvanAtha viSayaka kAvyoM kA bhI paricaya samAviSTa kara liyA gayA hai / dvitIya adhyAyaH granthakAra aura grantha isa adhyAya meM vAdirAjasUri kA vistRta paricaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai / saMskRta sAhitya ke vizAla bhANDAra ke anuzIlana se vAdirAja nAmaka aneka vidvAnoM kA patA calatA hai / jina vAdirAja ke sarasa ekIbhAvastotra se dhArmika samAja, nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa se tArkika samAja aura yazodharacarita se sAhityika samAja sarvathA suparicita hai, vahI pArzvanAthacarita mahAkAvya ke racayitA haiM / vAdirAja drAviDasaMghAntargata nandisaMgha kI aruMgala zAkhA ke vidvAn the / dakSiNa bhArata meM usa samaya digambara aura zvetAmbaroM ke atirikta yApanIya nAmaka eka svataMtra sampradAya bhI pracalita rahA hai| isa yApanIya sampradAya meM bhI eka nandisaMgha thA, kintu vAdirAja kA saMbandha isa nandisaMgha se nahIM thA / drAvir3a saMgha kI utpatti vikramAditya kI mRtyu ke 526 varSa bAda huI thI / indranandi ne ise jainAbhAsa mAnA hai, kintu isa saMgha meM koI maulika jainadharmaM virodhI mAnyatA dRSTigata nahIM hotI, jisake kAraNa isako jainAbhAsa kahA jAya / vAdirAja kI janmabhUmi aura mAtA-pitA ke viSaya meM koI pramANa nahIM milatA hai / drAviDasaMghIya hone se inakA dAkSiNAtya honA nizcita hai / inake dAdAguru kA nAma zrIpAla deva aura guru kA nAma matisAgara thA / zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa kI TIkA 'rUpasiddhi' ke racayitA dayApAla muni inake satIrtha the / kavi kA asalI nAma vAdirAja thA yA upAdhi ? isameM vaimatya hai / kintu vAdirAja ne pArzvanAthacarita kI prazasti aura yazodharacarita meM apanA nAma vAdirAja hI likhA hai, ataeva inakA vAstavika nAma vAdirAja hI mAnanA cAhie | vAdirAja ne pArzvanAthacarita kI racanA zaka saM. 947 ( 1025) I0 meM cAlukya cakravartI mahArAja jayasiMha kI rAjadhAnI 'kaTTagerI' (?) meM kI thI / yaha dakSiNa bhArata meM bAdAmI se 12 mIla dUra eka prAcIna nagara hai| pArzvanAthacarita, yazodharacarita ekIbhAvastotra, nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa aura pramANa-nirNaya ye pA~ca vAdirAja kI asaMdigdha kRtiyAM haiM / vAdirAja kI prazaMsA meM aneka prastaralekha aura ullekha milate haiM / vAdirAja dakSiNa bhAratIya bhaTTAraka sampradAya ke the, jo maThAdhIzoM kA sampradAya rahA hai| jina dakSiNabhAratIya vidvAnoM ne saMskRta 232 tulasI prajJA

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ke vikAsa meM sahayoga kiyA hai, unameM vAdirAja kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai / vAdirAja ke paricaya, kIrtana aura unake granthoM ke vaividhya se siddha hai ki ve bahumukhI pratibhA sampanna vidvAn / nyAya aura sAhitya donoM ke kSetra meM unakI agAdha paiTha thI / tRtIya adhyAya : kathAvastu aura pUrva kaviprazasti pArzvanAthacarita mahAkAvya kA mUla srota guNabhadrAcArya kA uttarapurANa hai / yadyapi uttarapurANa ke pUrva tiloyapaNNattI aura pAzrvAbhyudaya kI racanA ho cukI thI, kintu inheM pArzvanAthacarita kA mUla srota nahIM mAnA jA pakatA hai, kyoMki tiloyapaNNattI meM mAtApitA ke nAma Adi kA saMkSipta nirdeza hai aura pArzvAbhyudaya meM jIvana kI ekAdha ghaTanA hai, jabaki pArzvanAthacarita meM jIvana kA sAMgopAMga varNana huA hai / DA0 nemicandra zAstrI dvArA nirdiSTa padmakIrti kA pAsaNAhacariu vAdirAjakRta pArzvanAthacarita ke bAda kI racanA hai / ataH usakA to koI prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai / vAdirAja ne pAzvanAthacarita kI kathAvastu ko svAbhAvika, hRdayagrAhI aura prabhAvI banAne ke lie apanI kalpanA se Avazyaka parivartana aura parivardhana bhI kiye haiM, kintu kavi kI kalpanA ne kahIM bhI aitihAsika mUla pariveza kA tyAga nahIM kiyA hai / vAdirAja ne maMgalAcaraNa ke prasaMga meM kaviparamparA kA nirvAha karate hue apane pUrvavartI 14 jaina kaviyoM aura AcAryoM gRddhapiccha, svAmI samantabhadra, devanandi, akalaMka, vAdisiMha, sanmati, jinasena, anantakIrti, pAlyakIrti ( zAkaTAyana ), dhanaJjaya, anantavIrya, vidyAnanda, vizeSavAdi aura vIranandi kA ullekha kiyA hai / kavikRta yaha ullekha aitihAsika dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai, kyoMki inakA ullekha kAlakramAnusAra kiyA gayA hai / itihAsa ke paripra ekSya meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hone ke kAraNa isa adhyAya meM ina kaviyoM kA paricaya dete hue samaya nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai / saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsa meM ina kaviyoM aura AcAryoM kI bhUmikA kA Akalana sabhI dRSTiyoM se niHsandeha upAdeya hai / caturtha adhyAya : kAvyazAstrIya samIkSA kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi se pArzvanAthacarita eka saphala mahAkAvya hai / kAvyAcAryoM ne mahAkAvya meM jina guNoM kA honA Avazyaka mAnA hai, una sabakA sanniveza pAzrvanAthacarita meM huA hai / anya jaina carita kAvyoM kI taraha pAzrvanAthacarita meM aMgI rasa ke rUpa meM zAnta rasa kA paripAka huA hai / prAya. anya sabhI rasoM kI vyaMjanA aMgarasoM ke rUpa meM saphalatApUrvaka huI hai| prayo kI dRSTi se zAnta ke hI samAna zRMgAra rasa bhI aneka sthaloM meM vyApaka 1 hai / vipralaMbha zRMgAra kI apekSA saMbhoga zrRMgAra ke citra adhika prabhAvI haiM / sAmAnyataH sabhI rasoM kI abhivyaMjanA meM vAdirAja kI samAna gati hai / saMskRtavAG maya meM alaMkAroM kA sarvAdhika mahattva pratipAdita hai / pArzvanAthacarita meM varNanoM ko prabhAvotpAdaka banAne ke lie tathA paramparayA rasoM ko puSTa karane ke lie zabda aura artha ubhayavidha alaMkAroM kA sanniveza kiyA gayA hai / zabdAlaMkAroM meM anuprAsa kI zobhA, yamaka kI manoramatA, zleSa kI saMyojanA, aura citrAlaMkAroM kI vicitratA pAThakoM ko alaukika Ananda pradAna karatI hai / khaNDa 4, aMka 3-4 233

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kavi ke gatapratyAgata, apavarga, niroSThya, gomUtrikA Adi citrAlaMkAra vizeSa prabhAvI hai / arthAlaMkAroM meM lagabhaga 25 alaMkAroM kA rasAnukUla sanniveza hai, jo camatkRti ke sAtha hI bhAvoM ko bhI udvelita karatA hai / sampUrNa pArzvanAthacarita meM sarvatra alaMkAroM kI vyApakatA dRSTigata hotI hai, kintu alaMkAroM ke AvaraNa se bhAvasaundarya meM mandatA nahIM AI hai / alaMkAroM hI kI taraha pArzvanAthacarita kI chandoyojanA bhI atyanta vistRta hai / kavi ne 25 se bhI adhika chandoM kA prayoga karake apane pANDitya kA anupama paricaya diyA hai / prayoga kI dRSTi se pArzvanAthacarita meM anuSTupa, vaMzastha, viyoginI, mAlabhAriNI, puSpitAgrA aura upajAti kA prayoga adhika huA hai / mAlabhAriNI jaise apracalita chanda kA paryApta prayogavAdirAja jaise samartha kuzala kalAkAra dvArA hI saMbhava ho sakA hai| pArzvanAthacarita kA SaSTha sarga to chandoM kA ajAyabaghara hai / eka do chandoM ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI chandoM kA prayoga isa sarga meM huA hai / vAdirAja ne pArzvanAthacarita meM vaidarbhI rIti aura prasAdaguNa kA bahutAyata prayoga kiyA hai / kintu mAdhurya aura ojaguNa kA prayoga bhI yathAsthAna huA hai / prAya: sabhI AlaMkArikoM ne kAvya kI nirdoSatA para adhika bala diyA hai, kintu kAlidAsa jaise samartha kavi bhI doSoM se baca nahIM sake haiM / vAdirAja ke pArzvanAcarita meM bhI cyutasaMskRti, aprayuktatva, avimRSTavidheyAMza Adi kucha doSa dRSTigata hote haiM / itanA hone para bhI aneka guNoM ke madhya ekAdha doSa kAvya meM usI prakAra apakarSa nahIM karatA hai, jaise ki candramA ke madhya meM sthita kalaMka candramA kA apakarSa nahIM karatA hai / isa prakAra isa adhyAya meM mahAkAvyatva, rasa, chanda, alaMkAra, guNa aura doSoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / paJcama adhyAya : varNana isa adhyAya meM mahAkAvya ke varNyaviSayoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / prakRticitraNa ator kA anivArya tattva hai / prakRticitraNa ke donoM rUpoM-Alambana aura uddIpana - kA citraNa pArzvanAthacarita meM huA hai / vAdirAja ke prakRticitraNa kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki kahIM vaha mAdaka vAtAvaraNa pAkara zrRMgAra kA uddIpana karatA hai to kahIM zAnta vAtAvaraNa meM zAnta rasa kA saMcAra | kAlidAsa Adi mahAkaviyoM kI taraha vAdirAja ne bhI pArzvanAthacarita meM prAkRtika varNanIya viSayoM meM candrodaya, sUryodaya prAtaH, madhyAhna, saMdhyA, rAtri, parvata, nadI, vana, Azrama, nagara, ratikrIDA, jalakrIDA, madirApAna, putrajanmotsava, mandira, yuddha, SaDRtu Adi kA varNana kiyA hai / inameM RtuoM kA varNana kavi kI svAbhAvika utprekSAoM se alaMkRta hokara lalita zabdAvalI kI zobhA se sahaja hI pAThakoM kA citta AkRSTa kara letA hai / unake RtuvarNana meM zItala maMda sugaMdhita samIra, puSpoM kA alaukika saundarya, bhramaroM kA gujAra, pakSiyoM kA kalarava, yuvatiyoM kA nAcagAna, strIpuruSa ke vipralaMbha kA varNana mAnaatr sukha-dukha kI bhAvanAoM ke AdhAra para kiyA hai / ina prAkRtika varNanoM ke atirikta nArI kA paramparAgata nakhazikhavarNana kavi kI sUkSma dRSTi aura kalpanA kA advitIya namUnA hai / unake varNana meM kalA aura bhAvoM kA adbhuta saMyojana huA hai / kalA kI sazaktatA tulasI prajJA 234

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aura anubhUti kI sajagatA kA maNikAMcana saMyoga vAdirAja ke varNanoM meM sarvatra dRSTigocara hotA hai| SaSTha adhyAyaH tAtkAlika sthiti pAzvanAtha carita ke Antarika anuzIlana se usameM pratibimbita tAtkAlika sthiti kI jhAMkI dikhalAI par3atI hai| prakRta adhyAya meM usI kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| tatkAlIna samAja meM varNAzrama vyavasthA kA paryApta prabhAva thaa| vaidika aura zramaNa donoM hI sampradAyoM meM brAhmaNa varNa maujUda thaa| cANDAloM ko aspRzya mAnA jAtA thaa| parivAra meM kaTu aura madhura ubhayavidha sambaMdha rahate the| puMsavana, sImantonnayana, putrotpatti, nAmakarma, caulakarma, Adi saMskAroM ne dhArmika mAnyatA prApta karalI thii| ataeva unakA karanA Avazyaka mAnA jAtA thaa| sAmAnyata: nirAmiSa bhojana kA hI pracalana thA, parantu jaMgalI jAtiyoM meM sAmiSa bhojana bhI kiyA jAtA thaa| cAvala kI vividha kismeM prayukta hotI thii| usa samaya ikSurasa aura madirA mukhya peya thA / pahinane ke vastroM meM mukhya rUpa se Urdhvavastra aura adhovastra ina do vastroM kA prayoga hotA thaa| viTa, abhisArikA evaM vezyA kI veSabhUSA bhinna hotI thii| manovinoda ke sAdhanoM meM prahAsagoSThI, nRtya, gAna, vAdya, gRhArAmabhramaNa, dolAlIlA Adi kA pramukha sthAna thaa| vAdyoM meM vallakI, paTaha, veNu, vINA, dudubhi, paNava, tuNava, maMjIra Adi kA prayoga hotA thaa| AbhUSaNoM ke rUpa meM kuNDala, avataMsa, maNihAra, muktAhAra, valaya, aMgada, kAMcanamekhalA, maNimekhalA, kiMkiNI, nUpura, maNinUpura Adi kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| prasAdhana ke sAdhanoM meM candanalepa, kesaralepa, Amrapallava, kesarapakSa, kamalinIpatra, padmakuDmala, kukumalepa, aMjana, darpaNa Adi kA upayoga hotA thaa| AvAgamana ke sAdhanoM meM hAthI, ghor3A, TaTU, pAlakI Adi kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| jIvikopArjana ke sAdhanoM meM kRSi, vyApAra aura dukAnadArI kA pramukha sthAna thaa| vAdirAja kA samaya rAjanIti kA saMkramaNa kAla thaa| ataH rAjanItika paristhitiyoM kA prabhAva bhI pArzvanAthacarita meM parilakSita hotA hai| rAjA aura maMtrI kA uttarAdhikAra prAyaH parampara yA jyeSTha putra ko hI milatA thA, kintu jeyaSTha putra ke ayogya hone para choTe putra ko bhI diyA jA sakatA thaa| yuvarAja pada ke lie yauvarAjyAbhiSeka aura rAjapada ke lie rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA jAtA thaa| rAjA ke AdhIna aneka adhikArI aura sevaka hote the prajA kI Antarika sthiti kA patA lagAne ke lie eka guptacara vibhAga bhI hotA thaa| usa samaya rAjA aura prajA ke sambandha atyanta madhura the| rAjA kI Aya ke sAdhanoM meM prajA se prApta kara pramukha the / nyAya aura daNDavyavasthA atyanta sudRr3ha thii| deza kI rakSA ke lie eka sainya vibhAga hotA thaa| zikSA ke kendroM meM AzramoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna thaa| guru aura ziSya ke paraspara atyanta madhura saMbaMdha the| pAThayakrama meM veda, jainAgama, dharmazAstra, rAjanIti zAstra, zastrAstra vidyA Adi kA adhyayanAdhyApana hotA thaa| isa prakAra pArzvanAthacarita meM Aja se 950 khaNDa 4, aMka 3-4 235

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varSa se bhI pahale kI sthiti kA citra upasthita hotA hai| samAja ke paripArzva meM yaha vivecana avismaraNIya hai| saptama adhyAya : pUrvavartI kaviyoM kA prabhAva pUrvavartI sAhitya kA sabhI kaviyoM para prabhAva par3anA AvazyaMbhAvI hai, kyoMki kavi apane pUrvakaviyoM kI kRtiyoM kA gambhIra adhyayana karatA hai / sampUrNa saMskRtavAGamaya meM padyabaMdha meM kavikulaguru kAlidAsa, bhAravi, mAdha aura jainakavi haricandra tathA gadyakAvyanibandha meM bANabhaTTa kA mahattvapUrNa evaM sarvAtizAyI sthAna hai / vAdirAjakRta pArzvanAthacarita meM kAlidAsa ke raghuvaMza, kumArasaMbhava, RtusaMhAra, aura meghadUta, bhAravi ke kirAtArjunIya, mAgha ke zizupAlabadha, haricandra ke dharmaza bhyavaya tathA bANabhaTTa kI kAdambarI kA zAbdika, Arthika yA bhAvAtmaka anukaraNa dRSTigocara hotA hai| kintu pArzvanAthacarita meM pUrvakAvyoM kI paramparA ke nirvAha ke sAtha hI vAdirAja ne apanI navanavonmeSazAlinI manISA se usameM maulika anubhUtiyoM ke samAveza ke dvArA navIna svarUpa pradAna kara diyA hai| pArzvanAthacarita ke isa zodhAtmaka adhyayana ke AdhAra para hama anAyAsa isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki bhArata kI sAhitya-sAdhanA saMskRta ko AdhAra banAkara sabhI sampradAyoM ke saMkIrNa baMdhana ko pAra kara gaI thii| bhArata kI sArvabhauma bhASA ke rUpa meM saMskRta kI pratiSThA meM vaidika, bauddha Adi sampradAyoM ke sAtha-sAtha jaina sampradAya ne bhI sahayoga kiyA aura eka samRddha evaM aizvaryazAlI sAhityika paramparA kA nirmANa kiyA / vAdirAja niHsaMzaya madhyayugIna bhArata ke saMskRta sAhitya ke agragaNya pratibhU rahe haiM aura unakI kRtiyoM ne saMskRtasAhitya ke bhANDAra ko navIna Adarza aura naI bhAvarAziyoM kA smaraNIya upahAra diyA hai| mahArASTra ke santa nAmadeva the| mAM ne Adeza diyA ki jaMgala se palAsa kI DAlI kATa kara laao| nAmadeva ne rAste meM socA ki santa kahate haiM ki banaspati meM bhI jIva hote haiM / mere darda hogA to inake bhI darda hogaa| maiM parIkSaNa to kruu| usane apane paira para kulhAr3I calA dii| dhotI khUna se lathapatha ho gii| darda hone lgaa| binA DAlI kATe ghara lautte| mA~ ko kahA ki maiMne parIkSaNa kiyA thA / jaba mere darda hotA hai to maiM auroM ke darda kaise kara sakatA hUM? havA ke jhauMke se tAlAba kI zaivAla kucha httii| kachue ne dekhA ki bAhara tAre TimaTimA rahe haiM, cAMda camaka rahA hai, vRkSa laharA rahe haiM, ThaNDI havA cala rahI hai| kachuA kho gayA, isa naI duniyA meM / Aja taka baha usa tAlAba ko hI duniyA mAne hue thaa| usane socA ki kitanA acchA ho, maiM apane kuTumba ko yaha naI duniyA dikhaauuN| vaha parivarA ko sAne gayA, taba taka havA ke jhoMke se zaivAla puna: chA gii| sabane use jhUThA maanaa| ThIka isI prakAra AtmA moha ke cakra meM isa bhAMti phaMsI hai ki use isa bhautika saMsAra ke bAhara kucha dikhAI nahIM detaa| tulasI prajJA

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jaina vizva bhAratI : pravRtti evaM pragati zodha vibhAga: jaina vizva bhAratI zodha- pradhAna saMsthA hai / zodha, zikSA evaM sAdhanA ye tInoM vibhAga utarottara pragati kara rahe haiM, jisakI kucha jAnakArI gatAMka meM dI jA cukI hai| Alocya kAla meM zodha vibhAga meM jApAna se do vidvAna, suzrI ena. zAntA nAma kI eka phreMca mahilA, prajJA cakSu zrI sumeramala baida evaM zrI ramezabhAI Ae evaM zodha kArya meM bhAga liyA tathA le rahe haiM / inakA saMkSipta paricaya pAThakoM kI jAnakArI hetu nimna prakAra diyA jA rahA hai : atazuzI ito - jApAna nivAsI zrI ito jaina nyAya zAstra (saMskRta bhASA ke mAdhyama se) adhyayanArtha isa saMsthA meM Aye haiM / jApAna kA inakA patA hai - hiroco, hiro-guna, hokkaiDo (jApAna) 089-26. Apa hokkaiDo vizva vidyAlaya se snAtakotara DigrI prApta haiM / abhI ApakA uddezya hindI bhASA ( mukhyatayA vArtAlApa) tathA arddhamAgadhI bhASA kA kAmacalAU jJAna prApta karanA hai, tAki bAda meM svataH adhyayana meM suvidhA ho / Apane arneSTa baiMDara likhita "hindI vyAkaraNa tathA rIDara" aura esa. ena. zarmA likhita "hindI vyAkaraNa evaM anuvAda" kI sahAyatA se svataH hindI bhASA kA adhyayana AraMbha kara diyA hai| Apa bar3e, parizramI evaM adhvayasAyI haiM / - zaikI miyAsitA - oTAnI vizvavidyAlaya se snAtakotara parIkSA utIrNa zrI miyAsitA jApAna ke nivAsI haiM, jinakA patA hai - 35, yoko- mAcI, matasuto-zI, izIkAbA (jApAna) / DA0 nathamalajI TATiyA, nidezaka, zodha vibhAga kI dekharekha meM saMskRta grantha "abhidharmakoza bhASya" kA aMgrejI bhASA meM anuvAda karane hetu Apa isa saMsthA meM Aye haiM / abhI Apa tibbatI bhASA ke dvArA "abhidharma koza TIkA tatvArtha" ( sthiramati kRta bhASya ) kA adhyayana kara rahe haiM / kArya ke prati ApakI niSThA evaM lagana sarAhanIya hai / suzrI ena. zAntA - Apa vigata 25 varSoM se bhArata meM AI huI haiM / vArANasI ke pro. DA. Ara paNikkara, jo ki tulanAtmaka dharma evaM darzana ke vizvavikhyAta adhikArI mAne jAte haiM, kI sahayoginI ke rUpa meM kAryarata haiM / Apa keliphorniyA vizvavidyAlaya ke zodha vibhAga se bhI sambaddha haiM / Apa sAtha sAtha jaina sAdhviyoM ke saMbaMdha meM bhI gaveSaNAtmaka adhyayana kara rahI haiM / unakI yojanA hai ki usa viSaya meM phreMca bhASA meM eka grantha likhA jAya tathA usakA aMgrejI anuvAda bhI prakAzita ho| isa prasaMga meM unhoMne vibhinna sampradAyoM kI aneka khaNDa 4, aMka 3-4 237

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sAdhviyoM se samparka kiyA hai| ve jaina vizva bhAratI meM 1-11-78 ko AI evaM eka saptAhaparyanta yahAM rahakara muni zrI navaratnamalajI jo ki terApaMtha sampradAya ke suprasiddha itihAsakAra haiM, ke sahayoga se evaM "zAsana samudra" tathA prAcIna granthoM ke AdhAra se terApaMtha sampradAya ke prathama tIna cAra AcAryoM ke samaya kI mahAsatiyAMjI ke saMbaMdha meM jAnakArI prApta kii| lADanaM sthita sevA kendra jahAM vRddha, azakta, rugNa satiyAMjI virAjamAna haiM, unake saMbaMdha meM pUre tathya saMgrahIta kiye / unheM yaha jAnakara atIva prasannatA huI ki terApaMtha samAja ke saMta satiyAM jI kA suvyavasthita itihAsa prAraMbha kAla se upalabdha hai / sevA kendra meM sevA kI jo sarAhanIya vyavasthA hai, yaha dekhakara bhI ve mugdha huii| Apane pAramArthika zikSaNa saMsthA kI gatividhiyoM kA bArIkI se avalokana kiyA tathA jJAnarata dIkSArthinI bahinoM kI jJAna spRhA evaM jIvanacaryA se itanI prabhAvita huI ki inhoMne muktakaNTha se saMsthA kI sarAhanA kI tathA nimnalikhita sammati likhI "Here is a centre of spirituality and learning for the Sramani of the future. While they learn in depth the essence and richness of their Jaina tradition, may they also be open to other traditions, and learn their essence and richness not only through learning and study, but also through living encounters. AzIrvAda ! ena. zAntA bahina / kumArI ena. zAntA hindI acchI taraha jAnatI haiM / mAravAr3I bhASA meM likhita gadyapadya ve anAyAsa samajha letI hai / saMskRta evaM prAkRta bhASA meM bhI unakI gati hai| baMgalA tathA gujarAtI bhASA kA bhI Apako jJAna hai / unakI lagana sarAhanIya hai| pratidina nau-daza ghaNTe kAma karanA unakA nitya krama rahA hai| ve punaH apane zodha kArya ke lie yahAM aaveNgii| ____ zrI sumeramala baida- (lADanU) ne, jo bhAgalapura rahate haiM, hindI meM paTanA vizva vidyAlaya se ema. e. haiM, vartamAna meM bhAgalapura vizvavidyAlaya se pI-eca. DI. ke lie paMjIkaraNa karAyA hai / saMskRta vibhAga ke prAdhyApaka DA. kalAnAtha jhA unake zodha-mArgadarzaka rheNge| unake zodha prabaMdha kA viSaya hai---"AcArya zrI bhikSu : vyaktitva aura kRtitva" / ve ina dinoM yahAM Aye the / DA0 nathamala TATiyA se isa saMbaMdha meM unhoMne parAmarza liyA hai| sAtha hI muni zrI navaratnamala jI tathA muni zrI mahendrakumAra jI ke sAtha bhI isa viSaya meM vistRta-carcAeM kii| ve AgAmI grISmakAla meM do tIna mAsa yahAM rahakara apane zodha kArya ko Age bddh'aayeNge| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki zrI baida "prajJAcakSa" haiM, phira bhI bahuta utsAhI evaM laganazIla haiN| zrI ramezacandra lAlana (bambaI)-jo bambaI meM mahArASTra sarakAra meM polisa prosIkyUTara haiM, Jain Penology' (jaina daNDa vidyA) para apanA zodha prabaMdha likha rahe haiM / isI saMdarbha meM ve yahAM Aye the| muni zrI mahendrakumAra jI evaM DA0 TATiyA se do tIna dina taka isa viSaya meM mArgadarzana prApta kiyA / ve zIghra hI bambaI vizvavidyAlaya ke kAnUnavibhAga ko apanA zodha-prabaMdha pI-eca. DI. hetu samarpita kreNge| anuvAda kArya Alocya kAla meM muni zrI nathamala jI kI pustaka "jaina nyAya kA vikAsa" kA 238 tulasI prajJA

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aMgrejI anuvAda zrI rAmasvarUpa sonI, ema. e. (aMgrejI) bI. eDa. dvArA sampanna kiyA gyaa| isake sAtha hI Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics meM se Hermann Jacobi likhita Jainism kA hindI anavAda tathA Erich Frauwallner likhita The System of the Jaina kA hindI anuvAda bhI unhIM dvArA sampanna ho cukA hai| 2719 3TCIT Farat aqaf fafaa Jainism : its philosophy and Ethics kA hindI anuvAda kArya cAlU hai| zikSA vibhAga brAhmI vidyApITha ke antargata rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya ke pAThyakrama prathama varSa kalA snAtaka kakSA meM 6 chAtrAoM kA navIna praveza huA, isa prakAra kula chAtrAoM kI saMkhyA 15 ho cukI hai / pAramArthika zikSaNa saMsthA kI 8 chAtrAoM kI dIkSA ho jAne ke pazcAt vartamAna meM 84 saMsthA sAdhi kAeM jaina vizva bhAratI ke jaina vidyA, prAk snAtaka, evaM snAtakottara pAThyakrama kA adhyayana kara rahI haiN| kAleja chAtrAoM ko nirdhArita viSayoM ke atirikta simAI evaM saMgIta zikSAoM kA abhyAsa krama prAraMbha ho gayA hai / inheM jaina darzana evaM dhyAna, yoga kA prazikSaNa bhI pahale se diyA jA rahA hai| jaina tattva darzana kA aMgrejI bhASA ke mAdhyama se bodha karavAne hetu adhyayana pariSad (study circle) kA prAraMbha kiyA gayA hai / jisameM vidyApITha ke zikSArthI evaM vyAkhyAtAgaNa Avazyaka rUpa se bhAga lete haiM / vizva bhAratI ke padAdhikArI bhI isase lAbhAnvita hote haiM / pariSad ke pramukha pravaktA zrI jeThA bhAI javerI, upAdhyakSa-jaina vizva bhAratI haiM / muni zrI mahendra kumAra jI ke sAnnidhya se jaina darzana ke sUkSma rahasyoM kA spaSTIkaraNa vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa se milatA hai| paryuSaNa parva ke navAnhika kAryakramoM ke sampAdana-sahayoga hetu jaina vizva bhAratI kI ora se vidyApITha ke vyAkhyAtA zrI ena. ela. jaina 'jijJAsu' ko do anya sAthiyoM ke sAtha pIpAr3a zahara bhijavAyA gayA thaa| unake grupa kI yaha yAtrA vizva bhAratI ke sAdhanA pracAraprasAra yojanA ke antargata thii| ____ muni zrI navaratnamala jI ke sAnnidhya meM AcArya zrI tulasI janma divasa ke upalakSa meM Ayojita kAryakrama meM vidyApITha kI chAtrAoM ne rocaka kAryakrama prastuta kiye| jaina vidyA parIkSA-pAThakoM ko yaha jAnakara prasannatA hogI ki tA. 11-11-78 eva 12-11-78 ko jaina vizva bhAratI dvArA Ayojita parIkSAoM meM karIba 6000 parIkSArthiyoM ne bhAga liyaa| ye parIkSAeM 98 kendroM meM Ayojita kI gaI / gata varSa 2543 parIkSArthI praviSTa hue the| hameM AzA hai ki 1978-79 kI parIkSAoM meM bhAga lene vAloM kI saMkhyA aura bhI adhika hogii| isakA sArA zreya vibhinna sthAnoM meM virAjita una cAritrAtmAoM ko hai jinakI preraNA se evaM sthAnIya vyavasthAoM ke prayAsa se yaha saphalatA milI hai| patrAcAra pAThamAlA (jaina dharma evaM darzana hetu)-samayAbhAva se jina bhAI bahinoM khaNDa 4, aMka 3-4 236

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ko jaina dharma va darzana ke adhyayana kA lAbha saMta satiyAMjI ke sAnnidhya meM upalabdha nahIM ho pAtA athavA jo praur3ha hone se kisI jJAnazAlA meM praviSTa nahIM ho pAte, unake lie patrAcAra pAThamAlA yojanA AgAmI 15 disambara se prAraMbha kI jA rahI hai| pravezArthI kI yogyatA hAyara saikaNDarI yA samakakSa honI caahie| pratyeka chAtra ko 2 pATha pratimAha bhora 22 pATha prativarSa bheje jaaveNge| pAThyakrama kA vArSika zulka 15/- rupaye hai jo praveza patra ke sAtha deya hogaa| icchuka vyakti 30-11-78 taka kulasaciva, jaina vizva bhAratI se samparka sthApita kreN| sAdhanA vibhAga jaina vizva bhAratI meM sAdhanA vibhAga ke antargata dhyAna, yoga se saMbaMdhita vibhinna pravRttiyAM nirbAdha gati se cala rahI haiN| yahAM dhyAna se saMbaMdhita do prakAra ke ziviroM kA, varSa bhara meM vibhinna samayoM para Ayojana kiyA jAtA hai / ye haiM-1. prekSA dhyAna zivira 2. adhyAsma yoga naitika zikSA zivira / prekSA dhyAna zivira muni zrI nathamala jI ke saphala nirdezana meM sampAdita kiye jAte haiM / sAdhanA-vibhAga aba taka chaH prekSA-dhyAna ziviroM kA saphalatApUrvaka Ayojana kara cukA hai| inameM aMtima gaMgAzahara meM 23 akTUbara se 1 navambara taka "chaThA prekSA dhyAna zivira" aNuvrata anuzAstA AcArya zrI tulasI ke sAnnidhya va muni zrI nathamala ke nirdezana meM Ayojita kiyA gayA thaa| ziviroM kI bar3hatI huI loka priyatA va isameM bar3hatI huI sAdhakoM kI saMkhyA, sAdhanA vibhAga kI saphalatA kA jvalaMta pratIka hai| sAdhanA vibhAga ne prekSA-dhyAna zivira ke sAtha hI 21 akTUbara se 27 akTUbara taka jaina vizva bhAratI meM, tulasI adhyAtma nIDam meM "adhyApaka adhyAtma yoga naitika zikSA zivira" bhI nirdhArita kiyA thaa| sampUrNa taiyAriyAM ho jAne ke bAda bhI vartamAna meM yaha saMbhava na ho sakane ke kAraNa ise sthagita kara denA pdd'aa| Age upayukta samaya para ise nizcita kiyA jA skegaa| ziviroM ke atirikta sAdhanA-bhavana meM pratidina kI pravRttiyAM niyata samaya para hotI haiM / sAdhakoM ke svayaM ke yogAbhyAsa ke atirikta sAyaM 7-30 se 8-15 baje taka muni zrI mahendrakumAra jI ke mArgadarzana meM prekSA-dhyAna kA niyamita abhyAsa hotA hai| vidyAlayoM meM abhI pichale dinoM lADanUM nagara ke tIna uccatara mAdhyamika vidyAlayoM, je. bI. jauharI va mahAvIra uccatara mAdhyamika vidyAlayoM ke chAtra-chAtrAoM, adhyApakaadhyApikAoM va anya vidvajjanoM ke samakSa zikSA meM sadAcAra va yoga jJAna kI upAdeyatA" viSaya para muni zrI mahendra kumAra jI ke pravacana hue| vartamAna jarjarita zikSA paddhati ko uddezyahInatA se haTAkara usameM sArthakatA bhara dene kI preraNA dete hue muni jI ne batAyAzikSA kA vAstavika uddezya pratyeka vyakti meM viveka-zakti va kartavya-bodha kA vikAsa karanA haiM, heya-upAdeya ke pharka ko samajhanA hai, vyakti ke lie jIvana kI samasyAoM ke sahI samAdhAna kA mArga pA sakanA hai| jo vyakti zikSita hokara bhI vivekahIna hai, jise kartavya kA bodha nahIM hai, use sAkSara bhale samajhA jAya kintu, zikSita kahanA vyartha hai| yoga va naitika zikSA ke mahattva ko udghATita karate hue Apane kahA--zikSA ke sAtha 240 tulasI prajJA

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anya jo tattva vidyArthI ke lie Avazyaka haiM, una para Aja tejI se cintana kiyA jA rahA hai / aba yaha svIkRta tathya bana cukA hai ki pustakIya jJAna ke sAtha naitika zikSA va yogazikSaNa kA samAveza bhI kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| isake sAtha hI aNuvrata kImahattA ko prastuta karate hue muni zrI ne kahA-aNuvrata anuzAstA AcArya zrI tulasI ne aNuvrata ke dvArA jo saMdeza mAnava-samAja ko diyA hai, vaha sarvasammata, sarvamAnya hai aura vizva ke bar3e bar3e logoM ne bhI ise svIkAra kiyA hai| unake naitikatA ke udbodhana ne bhautika caramollAna meM chaTapaTAtI mAnavatA meM naye prANa phUMka diye haiN| vidvAn muni zrI ke kathana ko sahamati dete hue je. bI. uccatara mAdhyamika vidyAlaya ke AcArya Ara. esa. saksenA ne batAyA ki vartamAna zikSA praNAlI meM yoga va naitika zikSA ke mahattva ko svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai| tathA agale satra se hI zikSA ke sAtha-sAtha zArIrika yoga Adi kA prazikSaNa bhI prAraMbha kiyA jA rahA hai| sAdhanA-vibhAga yoga ko vaijJAnika vidhi se, sarala sahaja-bodhagamya va jIvana ke mahAn parivartaka ke rUpa meM vizva ke jana-jana ke hRdaya meM utAra dene kA kRta saMkalpa hai| pragati kI pagadaMDI para Age bar3hane ko udyata sAdhanA-vibhAga apanI prArambhika avasthA meM vibhinna sAdhakoM va vidvAn manISiyoM se mahatvapUrNa sujhAvoM va mArgadarzana kI apekSA rakhatA hai| prekSA dhyAna-zivira kA dasa divasIpa Ayojana AgAmI dinAMka 5-12-78 se 14-12-78 taka tulasI adhyAtma nIDam prajJA pradIma meM Ayojita kiyA jA rahA hai, jisameM muni zrI nathamala jI kA sAnnidhya prApta hogaa| zivira meM bhAga lene ke icchuka sAdhaka dinAMka 4-12-78 taka lADanUM pahuMca jAveM / svAsthya vibhAga ___ sevAbhAvI kalyANa kendra-Ayuveda vibhAga kA sAdhAraNa cikitsA kendra jo ki katipaya kAraNoM se kaI mahInoM se banda thA, usake punarsaMcAlana hetu vayovRddha zrI mANakacanda jI seThiyA kI adhyakSatA meM eka samiti kA gaThana kiyA gayA hai, jisake upAdhyakSa zrI sampatarAya jI bhUtoDiyA evaM sadasya zrI baccharAja jI pagAriyA tathA saMsthA ke maMtrI padena sadasya rheNge| yaha samiti pUre utsAha aura lagana ke sAtha isa vibhAga ko sundara rUpa se prAraMbha karane ke lie prayatnazIla hai| suyogya evaM nipuNa vaidya kI niyukti ho gaI hai aura hameM pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki isa vibhAga se na kevala lADanUM kI janatA apitu AsapAsa ke sabhI varga va jAti ke vyaktiyoM ko lAbha milegaa| isa kendra ke antargata roga nidAna kendra kI vyavasthA bhI rahegI, jisameM Adhunikatama prakriyAoM se roga nidAna ho skegaa| isa viSaya kI pUrI jAnakArI AgAmI aMka meM dI jaayegii| kensara vibhAga-yaha kendra momAsara nivAsI zrImAn kanhaiyAlAla jI paTAvarI ke Arthika sahayoga se hI jaina vizva bhAratI kI sevA pravRtti kA eka mahattvapUrNa kendra hai| isa vibhAga kA saMcAlana kArya zrI jaivarImala jI evaM trilokacandajI phUlaphagara kI dekharekha meM ho rahA hai / vigata agasta, sitambara, akTUbara, 1978 kI timAhI meM rogiyoM kI saMkhyA nimna prakAra rahI khaNDa 4, aMka 3-4 241

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agasta 78 naye rogI 17 purAne rogI 57 kula 74 sitambara 78 ,, 15 , , 69 kula 84 akTUbara 78 ,, 13 , 70 kula 83 kensara kI davA momAsara nivAsI zrImAn uttamacandajI seThiyA ke Arthika saujanya se nirmita hotI hai evaM niHzulka vitarita kI jAtI hai / AvazyakatAnusAra pUraka auSadhiyoM kA vyavasthA patra diyA jAtA hai, jinheM kharIdanA par3atA hai| rogiyoM kA roga nidAna evaM unheM auSadhi-vyavasthA kA kArya suyogya, anubhavI vaidya zrI paM0 ratanalAlajI gosvAmI dvArA hotA hai / inake madhura vyavahAra se sabhI prasanna haiN| 242 talasI prajJA

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anusatA AcArya tulasa AcArya zrI ke 64veM janma divasa para 'mahAprAjJa" upAdhi vibhUSita muni zrI nathamala jI bhASaNa karate hue| sarvocca nyAyAlaya ke tatkAlIna mukhya nyAyAdhIza zrI bega tathA rAjasthAna ucca nyAyAlaya ke tatkAlIna mukhya nyAyAdhIza zrI vedapAla tyAgI maMca para AsIna haiM /

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aNuvataanuzAstA AcAryazrItulasa-/ -dIrghajIvI ho vyAya AcArya zrI ke 64veM janma divasa para jaina vizva bhAratI ke adhyakSa zrI sUrajamala jI goTho apane vicAra vyakta karate hue| maMca para AcArya zrI tulasI virAja rahe haiM / kaI anya saMta ___ sAnnidhya meM virAja rahe haiM /

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TULSI PRAJNA Journal of the Jain Vishva Bharati Vol. IV October-November, 1978 No. 3-4 Editor Dr. Nathmal Tatia Assistant Editors Dr. Pushpa Gupta : Dr. Kamalesh Kumar Jain Managing Editor Gopi Chand Chopra vijjA SINO Jain Vishva Bharati, Ladnun, Rajasthan

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TULSI PRAJNA Vol. IV October-November, 1978 No. 3-4 CONTENTS 1. The Antiquity of the Ayaro Nathmal Tatia 2.Preksha Dhyana : A Unique System of Meditation J. S. Zaveri

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First Srutaskandha The Antiquity of the Ayaro Contd. from the previous issue) Dr. Nathmal Tatia 3. Our text provides a vivid picture of the ascetic life that dominated the society of the days of Mahavira and Buddha. Some of the expressions used in the text are, in fact, the prototypes of what we find enunciated in the systematic works of early Jainism and Buddhism. The moral and monastic discipline of the Jainas which was codified in later times are discernible here in a rudimentary form couched in expressions which are pregnant with principles that served as a bridge between the ascetic codes of the pre-and post-Mahavira periods. Even the five mahavratas (great vows) which have the universal sanction of all schools of Indian philosophers are here only in the process of evolution. There are also ideas and concepts that gave way to their nearby counterparts which gained currency in the changed set-up. We shall here study a number of such amorphous expressions to see how they contributed to the evolution of concepts which later on became static and solid in their connotation. (i) The Five Mahavratas (Great Vows): Of the five mahavratas of later days, the first, viz. ahimsa has found place in our text in numerous contexts, and is indeed the persistent theme dominating over all other principles that constituted the moral life of those times. All types of himsa perpetrated on all kinds of beings, beginning from the one-sensed organisms upto the fully-developed five sensed beings are condemend. The words danda (penal instrument) and sattha (weapon of violence) are repeatedly used to denote violence. A person who is careless (pamatta) in his conduct and is engrossed in sensual pleasures (gunatthite) is called danda (penal instrument)35. All suffering is due to himsa qua arambha (violent action)36 The word sacca (truth) which is the designation of the second mahavrata is used with a special connotation in our text. Sacca stands for the word of the Enlightened One, that is, the discipline propounded by Him,37 and not simply 'desisting from false 73

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hood'. The third traditional mahavrata, viz. adinnadana (unauthorized appropriation) is mentioned immediately after (desisting from)* sattha (weapon of violence).38 This second position occupied by the traditionally third mahavrata tallies with the Buddhist custom of placing it at the second place in the list of silas. As regards the traditional mahayrata of brahmacarya (celibacy), our text usually mentions it as 'vasitta bambhaceramsi' (practising monkhood, literally' living in chastity').39 It is also used singly on one occasion.40 The use of the expression 'bambhavam' as synonymous with dhammavamo1 also points to a wider connotation of the word 'Bhambhacera'. The mahavrata of aparigraha (non-possession of property) is stated through the phrase 'pariggaham amamayamane (not attached to the possessions)42, which does not formulate the vow in the fashion of its traditional definition. The indefinite nature of this vow in the Buddhist tradition confirms the position of our text in the matter. This review of the state of mahavratas in the askandha of the Ayaro clearly demonstrates the uncrystallized forms of the great vows in those days. A passage of the Ayaro deserves Qur consideration in this connection. It mentions a discipline of the jamas45 which, if explained in the context of sutras I. 8. 1. 3-5, might stand for the great vows of panaivayao veramanam (desisting from killing), adinnadanao veramanam (desisting from theft) and musavayao veramanam (desisting from false speech), the meaning of musavaya being analogous to that given in the Tattvarthabhasya VII 9, which appears to be a faithful record of the original content of the vow. These sutras run as follows: (3) ihamegesim ayaragoyare no sunisamte bhavati, te iha arambhatthi anuvayamana, hanamana, ghayamana, hanato yavi samanujanamana; (4) aduva adinnamaiyamii; (5) aduva vayao viumjamti, tam jaha at thi loe, natthi loe dhuve loe adhuve loe....... That is, (3) some people are not well instructed as regards the subject of conduct; they are desirous of actions, repeat them in words; they kill (creatures), make others kill and approve of (such acts) ; (4) or they take what has not been given to them; (5) or, they pronounce divergent opinions, viz. 'the world exists', 'the world does not exist', 'the world is eternal'; 'the world is non-eternal'; and so on. Here the content of the sutra no. 5 may be interpreted as referring to musavaye (false speech) of later times, and we have the Tattvarthbhasya, VII. 9, which explains the vow in a similar fashion to endorse such interpretation. The traditional great vows as reflected in our text are thus the precur*Our addition 74

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sors of the classical codification of the subject in the other Agamas and the treatises. The word vrata (vow) is also conspicuous by its absence in our text. (ii) The Marga (Path) : The classical definition of the moksa-marga (path of emancipation) as consisting in samyag-darsana (right view), samyagjnana (right knowledge) and samyak-catitra (right conduct) is absent. A very simple, though immensely poignant, description of the path of emancipation has found vent in the statement : se kittati tesim samutthitanam nikkhittadandanam samahitanam pannanamamtanam iha muttimaggam(He, the Exalted One, here propounds the path of emancipation to those who are exerting their spiritual vigour, have given up weapons of violence, are practising meditation, and are full of penetrating wisdom).44 The spiritual vigour, mentioned here, stands for virya (energy) which is the sine qua non of the spiritual activity, rejection of violence is the epitome of the silas, and the elements of samadhi (meditation) and prajna (penetrating wisdom) are clearly mentioned in the statement. Sila, samadhi and prajna which are traditionally known as constituting the Buddhist path of emancipation are thus clearly implied in the above description. As regards the samyag-darsana of Jainism, it is expressed by the term damsana in the passage: se vamta koham ca manam ca mayam ca lobham ca getam pasagassa dansanam uvaratasatihassa paliyamta-karassa ayanam sagadabbhi (he conquers anger, pride, deceit, and greed; this is the view of the seer who desists from weapons of violence, has put an end to the sources (of samsara),being the destroyer of his karma)45. In another passage46 the items of pejja (lust), dosa (hatred), moha (delusion) gabbha (womb), jamma (birth), mara (death), naraga (hell), tiriya (animal) and dukkha (suffering) are added to just mentioned list of anger, etc., which are to be conquered for attaining the right view. On yet another occasion 47 this dansana (view) is identified with ditthi (view), mutti (faith), etc., which leaves no doubt that the concept is the forerunner of the samyag-darsana or samyagdssti in the system of Jaina ethics. As for the samyag-jnana, the expression pannana (Skt. prajnana) mentioned above, is the prototype which is represented by the Pali word'panna. As regards samyak-caritra, the statements ahege dhammamadaya adanappabhiti suppanihie care appaliyamane dadhe sayvam gehim parinnaya (having embraced the dhamma, one should practise it from the very beginning with extreme precaution and firmness, not succumbing to wordly things, fully abandoning all lust), 48 vaigutte ajjhappasamude parivajjai sada pavam (being reserved in his speech 75

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and guarding his mind, he should always avoid sin)49, and the like, contain the rudiments of the system of moral conduct formulated later on. The concept of marga (path) thus is represented in our text through a terminology which is most popular in character and far removed from its later crystallization in the systematic treatises dealing with the topic. (iii) Asava : The expression asava is used in the sense of hardship to be borne by an ascetic. 'Even if the creatures injure the body, he should not move from the place; he should endure (with patience), being afflicted by different types of asavas (hardships)'.50 This is also exactly the meaning of the Pali word 'asava' in the phrase adhivasana pahatabba asava' (the hardships which are to be got rid of through endurance).51 The word is used in this very sense in the phrase-j.e. asava te parissava, je parissava te asava (what is hardship is privation, what is privation is hardship).52 The meaning of the word parissava in this phrase is analogous to that of the Pali word parissaya which stands for the privation of hunger, heat, cold, insect-bites and so on.53 This reminds us of the parisahas of the second chapter of the Uttarajjhayana. The expression asava gradually underwent a great semantic change in the ethical system of the Jainas. (iv) Nivvana, Parinivvana, Pamokkha : We have already given the synonyms of nirvana in 2 (x), which unequivocally indicate a state of spiritual peace and tranquillity and pliability of body and mind. The expression nivvuda or nivvuta which are past participles of nivvana stand for a person who desists from sinful activities and is free from all desires.54 The expression parinivvana, however, is used to denote freedom from fear and suffering, the past participle 'parinivvuda standing for the state of being a source of fearlessness and freedom from attachment and animosity.56 The expression 'pamokkha' refers to deliverance from suffering (dukkha pamokkhasi)57 or death (marana pamuccati)68. Nivvana and its equivalents thus primarily stand for emancipation from suffering and not for any positive condition of unimpeded bliss as the later thinkers would try to interpret them. (v) Samdhi : The word samdhi appears as standing for the juncture of birth and death and is perhaps the precursor of the concept of pratisandhi (rebirth). The expression ruvasamdhi (material juncture or the meeting-point of matter and spirit) in the following passage clinches the issue : "Those who are not addicted to sinful activities might be liable to calamities, but the steadfast will bear them (with patience). As in the past, so in the future, the body is

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(always) subject to change and destruction, unstable, transient, noneternal fattening and defattening, and of a changeable nature; look at this material juncture (ruvasamdhi). For him who looks at things rightly, who is devoted to one purpose, who is disentangled and detached, there is no passage (from birth to birth),59 One who has searched out the (proper) moment (khana) of the body has identified the juncture (samdhi).60 The phrases macciehim samdhim (juncture with the mortal ones),61 logassa samdhim (juncture of the world), 62 and samdhi jhosito (the juncture destroyed)63 confirm our conjecture about the connotation of the expression 'samdhi'. The expressions 'samga' and 'samjoga' are also used in a similar sense. Thus we have "avaitasoe samgmabhijanati' (he knows the connection in the current of the whirl),64 fete soya viyakkhata jehim samgam ti pasaha' (these have been declared to be the currents, look at the connection with them).65 As for the use of 'samjoga'; we find passages like esa vire pasamsie acceti logasamjogam, esa nae payuccati' (he is extolled as a hero, he transcends the connection with the world, he is called the leader (to the right path). "The most significant use of the word is found in the following excerpt which gives a total view of the spiritual path from beginning to end : dukkham logassa janitta, vamta logassa samjogam, jamti vira mahajanam, parena param jamti, navakamkhamti jivitam.67 That is, knowing the suffering of the world, rejecting the connection (samjoga) with the world, the heroes go on the great path; they rise higher and higher, and do not hanker after life. Here the four factors, viz., (1) suffering, (2) the cause of suffering (samjoga), (3) the path, and (4) the release from hankering which is the cause of suffer. ing, are tersely stated. In other words, we here find the rudiments of the four arya-satyas (noble-truths) of the Buddhists viz. dukkha (suffering), samudaya (cause of suffering), nirodha (release from suffering) and marga (the path leading to the release). (vi) Sarvanata (Omniscience): There is no reference to the subject in our text. On only one occasion, however, it is said, 'one who knows the one, knows all, (savvam janai), and one who knows all knows the one; there is fear for the careless from all quarters, and there is no fear for the careful from any quarter; one who controls the one, controls the many and one who controls the many controls the ones. The context here is the subjugation of anger, pride, deceit and greed and the insight of the seer (pasagassa damsanam). It should therefore be plausible that the knowledge in question refers to the comprehension of the nature and subjugation of any of these passions, and the consequent conquest 77

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of the remaining ones. An insight into the nature of any one of these passions is followed by an insight into the nature of the rest or conversely the insight into the nature of all these is virtually an insight into the nature of any one of them. The concept of traditional omniscience, however, cannot be read into the above statement by any stretch of imagination. (vii) Pannana (Perception, Insight): This expression played a very important role in the Jaina as well as Buddhist soteriology, as also epistemology. The Buddhist Pali equivalent of this word is panna (Skt. prajna). The expression pannana has an epistemological sense in the compounds sotapannana (auditory preception), cakkhupannana (ocular preception), ghanapannana (olfactory perception), rasupannana (gustatory preception), phasapannana (tactile perception). This is comparable to the Abhidharma conception prajna which is a factor common to all states of consciousness.70 The other use of the term pannana in Jainism is in the sense of spiritual insight. Thus the compound savvasamannagata-pannana" means 'insight into the nature of all things'. Similarly the phrase mahavirehim pannanmamtehim pannanamupalabbha stands for 'having obtained insight from the great heroes who are possessed of the insight'. This meaning of pannana is in essential conformity with that of the expression prajna in Buddhism, which is the consummation of the practice of Sila (right conduct) and samadhi (meditation). The expression pannana thus as used in our text is pregnant with the future role that it was destined to play in Indian thought, specially Buddhism. (viii) Jnana (Knowledge) and Darsana (Perception): The phrase janati pasati 73 is used to denote two separate aspects of knowledge, the verb janati standing for knowing through various means, and pasati for knowing directly through perception or intuition. Thus in the description sejjam puna janejja saha sammuiyae paravagaranenam annesim va amtie socca," the act of knowing is stated to be done through concensus of opinion, or interpretation made by others, or hearing from others. The verb pasati, on the other hand, in the phrase 'pasamane ruvaim pasati,75 like suneti in sunamane saddaim suneti, denotes simply the act of seeing with eyes, exactly as suneti denotes simply the act of hearing with ears. The word pasati is also used, as note the corrections in the statement amto amto putidehamtarani pasati pudho vi savamtaim76 (in the interior of the body he perceives the foul interior humours and their several streams), figuratively to denote acuteness of 78

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intelligence. The derivative pasaga in the usages-uddeso pasagassa natthi,72 etam pasagassa damsanam,78 kimatthi uvadhi pasagassa,"ois used denote 'a person of deep insight'. Similarly the derivative nani (from japati) in nissaram pasiya naniso stands for a 'wise person' (the expression pasiya meaning 'having observed'). It is thus found that the verbs janati and pasati or their derivatives were used in various ways to denote the different aspects of the act of knowing or intuition -sometimes accentuating the distinction, and on other occasions obliterating it beyond recognition. In the phrase nissaram pasiya pani, just quoted, the acts of jnana and darsana are simultaneous, the latter being a part of the former. The distiaction between the derivatives passaga and nani is almost nil, as both imply the penetrating insight of the seer or the knower, irrespective of their linguistic connotations. The sharp line of demarcation between jnana and darsana, drawn in the traditional Jaina philosophy, is absent in our text and the controversies that emerged among the stalwart supporters of the different theories on the relationship between the two concepts should have found an aetiological solution from the usages of the terms in our text. (ix) Dhyana (meditation): The biography of the Nayaputta in the ninth chapter is an illustration of the role that was assigned to jhana (Skt. dhyana) in the life of an ascetic. His austerities flowed from his jhana. He meditated day and night, self-restrained, mindful and concentrated (raim divam pi jayamane appamatte samahite jhati).81 He meditated internally, fixing his eyes on the horizontal plane of the length of a man (adu porisim ririyabhittim cakkhumasajja amtaso jhati) 82 "That great hero, free from all distractions (akukkue) and seated (in a suitable posture), meditated-looking above, below and in front in concentration without guile (apadinne). Free from passions (akasayi), devoid of greed (vigatagehi) and not attached to sounds and colours, he meditated."83 The conditions of meditation, as cryptically given here, are comparable to those given in early Buddhist scripture. Although it is not possible to have a full picture of the course of meditation followed by the Nayaputta, the strands that we are able to gather from stray references make it appear plausible that it was not essentially different from the one practised and preached by Gautama Buddha. There is a passage in our text which gives a somewhat vivid idea of what a meditator should do for gaining an insight into the nature of things. "With his (mental) eye wide open, and with a penetratilag insight into (the nature of the world (logavipassi) he knows the lower 79

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part, the upper part, as well as the horizontal region, with infatuated creatures circling round. He knows the juncture of the world. The hero who unfetters the fettered on: deserves praise. As is the interior (world of passions) so is the exterior (world circling round) and as is the exterior, so is the interior. In the interior of the body he perceives the foul interior humours and their several streams. The wise man, observing this and intelligently understanding the same, should not eat (his saliva). He should not throw himself flat on those things."84 This is obviously a practice which is the precursor of the Buddhist kayanuphssana satipatthana (mindfulness concerning inspection of the interior of the body), An important aspect of this meditation is represented by the gerunds pehae (having looked at)85 and sapehae (having comprehended),86 which indicate the necessity of right cognitive attitude towards the world. This brief account of meditation, read with the eighth chapter called Vimoha-ajjhayana which prescribes immobility of the body at the highest stage, gives an idea of the earliest form of meditation prevalent in the early periods of Nirgranthism and Buddhism. . 4. The above account of the contents of the earliest book of the Ardhamagadhi scripture of the Jainas is given, as far as possible, on the basis of the text itself, as edited by Muni Shri Nathmalji (Jain Vishva Bharati) without any reference to the exegetical literature. This study may be considered supplementary to what has been done by the learned editor who has brought to bear his vast knowledge in disentangling many a problem that exercised the ingenuity of great scholars of the eminence of Jacobi and Schubring. The edition, with notes which are so penetrating, is a valuable contribution to the field of Jainological studies. The editor has the blessings and inspiration of the great saint and reformer Acharya Shri Tulsi who has been indefatigably working for the spiritual and moral and cultural regeneration of the nation for more than three decades. The translator Muni Shri Mahendra Kumarji, B.Sc., has also done his job excellently and we hope he would continue to do such work in the future with unabated zeal. (concluded) 35. Ayaro I. 1.4.69 : je pamatte gunatthite, se hu dande pavuccati, 36. ibid : 1. 3.1. 13 & 1.4.3.29 : arambhajam dukkhaminam ti nacca. 37. ibid : 1. 5.5.95 : tameva saccam nisamkam, jam jinehim paveiyam.

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38. ibid : I. 1.3.58 & 1. 8.1.4 : aduva adinnadanam aduva adinnamaiyamti 39. ibid : I. 4.4.44; I. 6.2.30 & I. 6.4.78. 40. ibid : I. 5.2.35: etesu ceva bambhaceram ti bemi 41. ibid : I. 3.1.4. 42. ibid : 1. 2.5.88. 43. ibid : I. 8.1.15 : jama tinni udahiya 44. ibid : 1. 6.1.3. 45. ibid : I. 3.4.72-73. 46. ibid : 1. 3.4.83. 47. ibid : I. 5.4.67-68. 48. ibid :1. 6.2.35-37. 49. ibid : I. 5.4.87. 50. ibid : I. 8.8.10 : pana deham vihimsamti thanao na viubbhame asavehim vivittehim tippamanehiyasae 51. Majjhima Nikaya :I, p. 15. 52. Ayaro : I. 4.2.12. 53. Suttanipata (Sariputtasutta). 54. Ayaro : I. 4.3.38 & 1. 8.1.16 : je nivvuda pavehim kammehim aaidana te viyaniya. 55. ibid : I. 1.6.121 : nijjhaitta patilehitta patteyam parinivvanam. 56. ibid : I. 6.5.107. 57. ibid : I. 3.1.9 & 1. 3.3.64. 58. ibid : I. 3.1.15 & I. 3.2.36. 59. ibid : 1. 5.2.28-30 : je asatta pavehim kammehim, udahu te ayamka phusamti iti udahu.: vire te phase putthohiyasae se puvvam peyam peccha peyam bheu radhammam viddhamsanadhammam,': adhuvam, aaitiyam, asasayam, cayavacaiyam, viparinamadhammam, pasaha eyam ruvam, samdhim samuppehamanassa egayatana-rayassa iha vippamuk kassa, matthi magge virayassa tti bemi. 60. ibid : I. 5.2.20-21 : ayam samdhi ti adakkhu je imassa vigga hassa ayam khaneti ." mannesi 61. Ayaro : I. 2.5.127. . 62. ibid : 1. 3.3.51. *63. ibid : I. 5.3.41 & I. 5.5.98. 81

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64. ibid: 1. 3.1.6. 65. ibid : 1. 5.6.118. 66. ibid : I. 2.6.168-170. 67. ibid : 1. 3.4.77-78. 68. ibid : 1. 3.4.74-76 : je egam janai se savvam janai je savvam janai se egam janai savvato pamattassa bhayam savvato appamattassa natthi bhayam je egam name se bahum name je bahum name se egam name 69. ibid : I. 2.1.4 & I. 2.1.25. 70. Abhidharma-Kosa-Bhasya, II. 24. 71. Ayaro : 1. 1.7.174. 72. Ayaro : 1. 6.4.76. 73. ibid : 1. 2.2.37 & 1, 5.6.120. 74. ibid :1. 1.1.3 & I. 5.6.114, 75. ibid : I. 1.5.94. 76. ibid : 1. 2.5.130. 77. ibid : I. 2.3.73. 78. ibid : I. 3.4.72. 79. ibid: 1. 3.4.87 80. ibid : I. 3.2.45. 81. ibid : I. 9.2.4. 82. ibid : 1.9.1.5. 83. ibid : 1. 9.4.14-15 : avi jhati se mahavire, assanatthe akukkue jhanam uddhamahe tiriyam ca, pehamane samahimapadinne akasai vigayagehi saddaruvesu amucchie jhati 84. ibid : I. 2.5.125-133: . ayatacakkhu logavipassi logassa aho bhagam janai, uddham bhagam janai, tiriyam bhagam janai, gadhie anupariyatlamane samdhim viditta iha macciehim, esa vire pasamsie, je baddhe padimoyac, jaha amto taha bahim, jaha bahim taba amto, amto amto dehamtarani pasati puddho vi savamtaim pamdie padilehac. se maimam parinnaya, ma ya hu lalam paccasi ma tesu tiriccham appanamavatae. 85. ibid : I. 2.5.138. 86. ibid : I. 4.3.32. - - - Two lumps of sand-one wet and the other dry--were thrown Both dashed against the wall. The wet lump got stuck there. Likewise, the dull-witted people who indulge in worldly pleasures are entangled into those pleasures. Those who are unattached do not get struck with them like the dry lump. -Uttarajjhayana, 25/40-41. 82

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Preksha Dhyana A Unique System of Meditation J.S. Zaveri *To see is the literal and simple translation of the term "Prekshaol. Now if we look for the meaning of the word "see" in a dictionary we find that it has many aspects, viz : "See :- exercise power of discerning objects with eyes; perceive objects by the sight; perceive mentally; ascertain by inspection, experiment, consideration etc.; See through :-penetrate; see real character of; through disguise or false appearance; continue to watch or take care of until the end or until difficulties are overcome, etc. etc." Each of the above aspects has its own significance and the integrated interpretation gives us an idea of the process of seeing. "Preksha" is thus a process of ascertaining and knowing the TRUTH and the important steps in the process are : Observation, inspection, experimentation, consideration and judgement. It is not only "seeing" but "seeing through" which connotes deep penetration to ascertain the real character after rejecting t false appearance or disguise. The term "Dhyana" (meditation) is usually defined as the concentration of thinking on a particular object for a length of time. Now, the mind is the instrument of thinking as well as of perception, and therefore, when linked with "Preksha", "Dhyana" becomes concentration of perception and not of thought. It is conceded that both thinking (conception) and seeing (perception) can assist us in ascertaining and knowing the truth. However, the latter is not only a more powerful instrument than the former but also more practicable. This 1. "Preksha" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Pra+Iksha" which means to observe carefully. 2. The Reader's Digest, Great Encyclopaedic Dictionary Vol. II 83

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is because perception is strictly connected with a phenomenon of the present. It is neither a memory of the past, nor an imagination for the future. Whatever is happening at the moment of perception must necessarily be a reality. The process of perception, therefore, excludes a mere appearance. Mind is ever restless. Meditation aims at restraining the mind's wandering and ultimately brings it to rest.Conventionally this is sought to be achieved by total stoppage of thought. But to stop the flow of thoughts for any length of time, is extremely difficult if not impossible. In fact, the suppression of mental activity makes the mind more restless than ever. In "Preksha" meditation, however, the mind is engaged in concentrated perception and the mental functioning is not stopped or suppressed but regulated and canalised. This is because the two functions of mind viz : conception and perception, cannot work simultaneously. The mind can, with practice, be regulated and disciplined to concentrate in the perception of a single event or phenomenon for a good length of time. The mind, thus engaged in the process of perception is not available to that of thinking. The "Preksha" meditation is, therefore, a practical way and powerful instrument for stabilising the constant restlessness of mind. The mind functions in four stages. The first stage is attention; here, the mind applies itself to an object, perceived by one or more sense organs and then either wanders away or passes into the second stage--contemplation. Now the mind steadies itself on the object of perception for longer time. The stage of attention is very superfluous and has no significance in the process of "Dhyana". The contem is the first or preliminary phase of "Dhyana" in which the wandering mind is, with an effort, steadied on a single object. In the next stageconcentration--the flow of mental functioning is canalised and fixed on the object of contemplation for a longer period. This is the pre-meditation phase and is called "Dharana" (arcut). In the final stage, the practitioner is able to concentrate on a single object of perception for a longer period of time. To achieve the final phase viz. meditation, the inherent potential capacity of the mind must be systematically developed by regular and constant practice of contemplation and concentration. Next, we come to the choice of the object of perception. In the practice of "Preksha" the objects of perception are internal phenomena of consciousness and not external objects. Certain physiological processes lend themselves as suitable tools for this purpose. The process 84

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of breathing can be considered an ideal object of perception to train the mind. This is called SVAS PREKSA. As is well-known, breathing is normally automatic, that is, it does not need attention but is also amenable to mental control. If one so desires, one can, even without much practice, change and modify the rate, duration and depth of breathing. At the same time breathing is a reality i.e. neither a memory nor an imagination. The practice of concentration starts by focussing the mind's eye on the ingress and exit of each breath. Once the mind, which was until now wandering and engaged in the observation of external objects and phenomena, is made to contemplate this internal function, it would control the rate of breathing by gaining some mastery over the autonomous nervous system. Simultaneously the efficiency of the mind would be systematically increased and it would be ready to pass into the stage of meditation. Sharira-Preksha : This is perception of the activities of the different parts and the organs of the body. It is another technique of Preksha-meditation. In this, the mind is slowly taken over from the top of the head, to the toes of the feet, steadying it on each of the different parts of the organs for a few moments. Our body is a vast complex of factories in which various complicated, chemical, mechanical and electro-magnetic processes are constantly going on. Our heart pumps the blood making it reach the remotest corner of the body; the gastro-intestinal tract digests the food and delivers nutrition to millions of cells through the blood stream ; our 'nervous system connecting various organs of the body to the brain is always active. These and many other physiological and biological functions, produce a large variety of sensations and emotions. . Now, there is a remarkable distinction between sensation and perception. Sense organs and other sensory out-posts, send, millions of separate sensation signals --coded messages-to the brain every second. These messages are the raw materials-the unprocessed input-of awareness. How the brain processes these raw sensations, interpreting them in the light of mood, expectations, and many other variations, is known as perception. A familiar illustration of the distinction between sensation and perception is pain. The same sensation signals, from a tooth-ache, for example, affects each person differently. His suffering is perception. The process by which the mind converts raw sensations into perception is complicated. While the sensation varies according to the power of the stimuli, perception varies by an infinity of factors, some within the body and the others 85

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without. The state of emotions, in particular, may have a profound and at times decisive effect. From the most ancient times men have sought to change their perceptions of the world and themselves deliberately altering their thoughts, expectation and creed in an effort to expand their sense of awareness. Enlightenment and knowledge lead to the control of emotions and passions by the reasoning mind. In the process of Sharira-Preksha, the mind's eye is focussed on the internal complex of activities. Meditation aims to change perceptions in such a way that the mind can transcend the limitation of the physical brain. William James, the psychologist, says "Our normal wakingalertness is but one special type of consciousness, whilst all about it, parted from it by the flimsiest of screens, there lie many potential forms of consciousness entirely different. Preksha leads to what lies beyond the normal waking alertness. Constant and regular practice of Sharira-Preksha and Swas-Preksha improves the perceptive efficiency of the mind, and in due course subtle internal phenomena of life processes are experienced and ultimately regulated. Finally, whatever be the object, perception in Preksha meditation must be uncontaminated by the emotion of like and distike. During the practice of Preksha meditation, the feelings of pleasure or pain should not be allowed to affect the mental attitude. One should maintain a strictly neutral attitude towards both, while at the same time keeping them under close mental surveillance. The contaminating emotions viz. pleasure, pain, fear, hatred, etc. are produced by the supine state of our reasoning mind. The aim of Preksha meditation is to awaken the reasoning mind and to keep it awake and constantly vigilant. -:0: Genius is one percent inspiration perspiration. and ninety-nine percent -Edison

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Journal of the Jain Vishva Bharati It has been decided to convert the TULSI PRAJNA---the Journal of the Jain Vishva Bharati--from a quarterly bilingual research journal into a monthly bilingual organ with effect from the current issue, a combined issue for the months of October - November, 1978. Besides research papers on all subjects of JainologyReligion, Philosophy, History and Arts-cum-science topics--there is provision to incorporate in it the thought-provoking articles on metaphysics, tenets of Jainism, short biographics of the renowned acaryas, monks and nuns, as also the prominent personalities, present or past, stories, historical events, poems and mini-poems (muktakas). Short accounts of various Jaina instituticns are also welcome for publication. Contributions should preferably be submitted typed on one side of the sheet. An article should not normally exceed 12 double-spaced typed sheets with wide margins for corrections. Copies of articles should be retained by the authors, as the MSS. are not likely to be returned. It is essential that no article etc. should cast any aspersion against any sect or religion, so as to hurt their feelings. Book-review is another feature of this organ, for which two copies of the publication must be sent. Every contributor of research paper only is, on prior request, given gratis 5 off-prints of his paper when published, alongwith a copy of the journal containing his paper. Extra copies may be supplied at cost, if requisition is made in advance. Back numbers of Anusandhana Patrika, Vol. I, Part 1 to 5 and Tulsi Prajna, Vol. I to III are available at the old rates of subscription, viz. Rs. 22/- a year. Single copy may be had at Rs. 6/-. Copies of issues No. 1 and 2 of Vol. IV are also available at Rs. 8/- per issue. All correspondence should be addressed to : The Managing Editor, TULSI PRAJNA, Jain Vishva Bharati, LADNUN, 341306 (Rajasthan).

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90.00 30.00 Regd. No. R.No. 8340/75 TULASI PRAJNA October-November,1978 jaina vizva bhAratI, lADana mahattvapUrNa prakAzana vAcanA pramukha : AcArya zrI tulasI, vivecaka tathA sampAdaka : muni zrI nathamalajI Agama prantha : mUlya aMgasuttANi 1 (AyAro, sUyagaDo, ThANaM, samavAo) 85.00 2. aMgasuttANi 2 (bhagavaI : viApaNNattI) 3. aMgasUttANi 3 (NAyAdhammakahAo, uvAsagadasAo, aMtagaDadasAo,) aMNuttarovavAiyadasAo, paNhAvAgaraNAi, viyagasuyaM) 80.00 uparyukta tInoM grantha saMzodhita mUlapATha, pAThAntara, pAThAntara-vimarza, jAva" pUrti aura usake AdhArasthala, viSayasUcI, sampAdakIya tathA bhUmikA se yukta, pratyeka bhAga 1100-1200 pRSTha] 4. dasaveAliyaM (dvitIya saMskaraNa) pRSTha 612 sAIja DimAI / 5. ThANaM pRSTha 1200, 125.00 6. AyAro-mUlapATha, hindI anuvAda tathA TippaNa 7. dazavakAlika (guTakA) mUlapATha 8. uttarAdhyayana (guTakA) mUlapATha hai. dazavakAlika tathA uttarAdhyayana-mAtra hindI anuvAda 10. dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana (hindI-padyAnuvAda) prAgametara grantha : 11. zramaNa mahAvIra-munizrI nathamala 12. bhagavAna mahAbIra-AcArya zrI tulasI 5.00 13. bharatabAhubali mahAkAvyaM -anu0 muni zrI dulaharAja 30.00 14. satya kI khoja : anekAMta ke Aloka meM-muni zrI nathamala 15. thyorI oNpha eTama ina jaina philosaphI-je0 esa0 javerI 16. zreNika bimbisAra eNDa kRNika ajAtazatru 17. pratidina kA eka vicAra (guTakA)-zrIcanda rAmapuriyA -: prApti sthAna :jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU (rAjasthAna) Jain Vishva Bharati, Ladnun (Raj), 341306 prakAzaka-mudraka : rAmasvarUpa garga, kAryAlaya-saciva, jaina vizvabhAratI lADana, zyAma presa lADana ke lie esa. nArAyaNa eNDa saMsa. 7117/18, pahAr3I dhIraja, dillI meM mudrita 3.50 15.00 10.00 E.00 5.00 4.00 a bducation Interational www.jainefforafmorgiri