Sramana 1990 07

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Parshvanath Vidhyashram Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/525003/1

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jaina paramparA kA aitihAsika vizleSaNa --pro0 sAgaramala jaina zramaNa paramparAH jaina dharma eka jIvita dharma hai aura koI bhI jIvita dharma deza aura kAlagata parivartanoM se achUtA nahIM rahatA hai| jaba bhI hama kisI dharma ke itihAsa kI bAta karate haiM to hameM yaha samajha lenA cAhie ki hama kisI sthira dharma kI bAta nahIM karate haiM kyoMki sthira dharma kA koI itihAsa hI nahIM hotA hai| itihAsa to usI kA hotA haiM jo gatizIla hai, parivartanazIla hai| jo loga yaha mAnate hai ki jaina dharma apane AdikAla se Aja taka yathAsthiti meM rahA hai, ve bahuta bar3I bhrAnti meM haiN| jaina dharma ke itihAsa kI isa carcA ke prasaMga meM maiM una paramparAoM kI aura una paristhitiyoM kI carcA bhI karanA cAhU~gA, jisameM apane sudUra atIta se lekara vartamAna taka jaina dharma ne apanI karavaTeM badalI haiM aura jinameM usakA udbhava aura vikAsa huA hai| __hameM isa sambandha meM bahuta hI spaSTa rahanA cAhie ki Aja ke jaina AcAra-vicAra yA jaina-jIvana zailI ThIka vahI nahIM hai jo Aja se pA~ca sau, hajAra yA do hajAra varSa pUrva meM thii| mAtra yahI nahIM mahAvIra kI AcAra-maryAdAe~ bhI ThIka vaisI hI nahIM thIM jaisI pArzva kii| punaH pArzva kI AcAra-maryAdAe~ RSabha Adi se bhinna thIM-isa satya ko prAcIna AgamoM aura Agamika vyAkhyAoM meM bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / punaH mahAvIra ne svayaM bhI apanI svanirdhArita AcAra-maryAdAoM meM paristhitiyoM aura antarAtmA ke AdhAra para parivartita kiyA hai| zramaNa-dhArA ke pUrvaja vaidika-vrAtyoM aura AraNyakakAla ke RSiyoM kI jIvana-zailI bhI ThIka vahI nahIM thI, jo pArva, mahAvIra, buddha aura gozAlaka ke zramaNoM kI rahI hai| phira bhI yaha mAnanA hogA ki mahAvIra aura pArzva kI zramaNa-paramparA kI pUrvaja yahI vrAtya paramparA rahI hai| yadyapi vrAtya aura jaina paramparAoM ke AcAra-vicAra meM

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paryApta antara rahA hai, kintu yaha nitAnta satya hai ki yaha jaina paramparA isI se vikasita huii| bhAratIya saMskRti ke prAcInatama grantha Rgveda meM vAtarazanA muniyoM aura vrAtyoM ke jo ullekha upalabdha hue haiM tathA mohanajodar3o aura har3appA se dhyAnarata yogiyoM kI jo sIleM upalabdha huI haiM unase itanA to niHsandeha siddha hai ki atiprAcIna kAla meM bhI nivRttimArgI yoga-sAdhanAparAyaNa RSiyoM kA astitva thaa| vastutaH prakRti hI aisI hai ki usameM vAsanA aura viveka ke tattva eka sAtha upasthita vAsanAmUlaka pravRtti pravartaka dharma ko janma detI hai to vivekamUlaka pravRtti nivRtti dharma kA kAraNa hotI hai| yadyapi viveka meM vAsanA aura saMyama meM santulana banAne kA prayAsa bhI kiyA gayA hai kintu yaha eka paravartI ghaTanA hai| vyAvahArika rUpa meM yaha samanvaya bhI bhArata ke jaina, bauddha aura hindU tInoM hI paramparAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai, phira bhI jahA~ jaina dharma meM nivRtti kI pradhAnatA rahI, vahIM hindU dharma meM pravRtti kI pradhAnatA rhii| bauddhoM ne bhoga aura tyAga meM yA nivRtti aura pravRtti meM eka sAtha santulana banAne kA prayAsa avazya kiyA thA jisakA kucha prabhAva paravartIkAla ke jaina dharma AcAra vyavasthA para AyA hai| zramaNa paramparA meM na kevala jaina aura bauddha dhArAe~ hI sammilita haiM, apitu aupaniSadika aura sAMkhya-yoga kI dhArAyeM bhI sammilita haiM, jo Aja bRhad hindU dharma kA hI aMga bana cukI haiN| inake atirikta AjIvaka Adi anya kucha dhArAyeM bhI thIM, jo vilupta ho cukI haiN| pArasparika sauhArda kI prAcIna sthiti : sAmAnyatayA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki zramaNadhArA kA janma vaidika dhArA kI pratikriyA ke rUpa meM huA, kintu isameM mAtra AMzika satyatA hai / yaha sahI hai ki vaidika dhArA pravRttimArgI thI aura zramaNa dhArA nivRttimArgI aura inake bIca vAsanA aura viveka athavA bhoga aura tyAga ke jIvanamUlyoM kA saMgharSa thaa| kintu aitihAsika dRSTi se to zramaNadhArA kA udbhava mAnava vyaktitva ke parizodhana evaM naitika tathA AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke pratisthApana kAhI prayatna thA, jisameM zramaNabrAhmaNa sabhI sahabhAgI bane the| RSibhASita meM ina RSiyoM ko arhat kahanA aura sUtakRtAMga meM inheM apanI paramparA se sammata mAnanA,

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( 3 ) prAcInakAla meM ina RSiyoM kI paramparA ke bIca pArasparika sauhArda kA hI sUcaka hai| ___lagabhaga I0 pU0 sAtavIM-chaThI zatAbdI kA yuga eka aisA yuga thA, jaba jana-samAja ina sabhI zramaNoM, tapasviyoM, yoga-sAdhakoM evaM cintakoM ke upadezoM ko AdarapUrvaka sunatA thA aura apane jIvana ko AdhyAtmika evaM naitika sAdhanA se jor3atA thaa| phira bhI vaha kisI varga-vizeSa se ba~dhA huA nahIM thaa| dUsare zabdoM meM usa yuga meM dharma paramparAoM yA dhArmika sampradAyoM kA udbhava nahIM huA thaa| kramazaH ina zramaNoM, sAdhakoM evaM cintakoM ke AsapAsa ziSyoM, upAsakoM evaM zraddhAluoM kA eka vartula khar3A huaa| ziSyoM evaM praziSyoM kI paramparA calI aura unakI alaga-alaga pahacAna banane lgii| isI krama meM nirgrantha paramparA kA udbhava huA, jahA~ pArzva kI paramparA ke zramaNa apane ko pApitya-nirgrantha kahane lage, vahIM varddhamAna mahAvIra ke zramaNa apane ko jJAtapUtrIya nirgrantha kahane lage / siddhArtha gautama buddha kA bhikSu saMgha zAkyaputrIya zramaNa ke nAma se pahacAnA jAne lgaa| pArzva aura mahAvIra kI ekIkRta paramparA nigraMtha ke nAma se jAnI jAne lgii| jaina dharma kA prAcIna nAma hameM nirgrantha dharma ke rUpa meM hI milatA hai / jaina zabda to mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa bAda astitva meM AyA hai / azoka (I0 pU0 tRtIya zatAbdI), khAravela ( I0pU0 dvitIya zatAbdI) Adi ke zilAlekhoM meM jaina dharma kA ullekha nirgrantha saMgha ke rUpa meM hI huA hai| pArzva evaM mahAvora kI paramparA : RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana, sUtrakRtAMga Adi se jJAta hotA hai ki pahale nirgrantha dharma meM nami, bAhuka, kapila, nArAyaNa ( tArAyaNa ), aMgirasa, bhAradvAja, nArada Adi RSiyoM ko bhI jo ki vastutaH unakI paramparA ke nahIM the, atyanya sammAnapUrNa sthAna prApta thaa| pArzva aura mahAvIra ke samAna inheM bhI arhat kahA gayA thA, kintu jaba nigraMtha sampradAya pArzva aura mahAvIra ke prati kendrita hone lagA to inheM pratyekabuddha ke rUpa meM sammAnajanaka sthAna to diyA gayA, kintu aparokSa rUpa se apanI paramparA se pRthak mAna liyA gyaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM

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( 4 ) ki I0 pU0 pA~cavIM yA cauthI zatI meM nirgrantha saMgha pArzva aura mahAvIra taka sImita ho gayA / yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki prArambha meM mahAvIra aura pArzva kI paramparAe~ bhI pRthak-pRthak hI thIM / yadyapi uttarAdhyayana evaM bhagavatIsUtra kI sUcanAnusAra mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM pArzva kI paramparA ke kucha zramaNa unake vyaktitva se prabhAvita ho unake saMgha meM sammilita hue the, kintu mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM unakI aura pArzva kI paramparAe~ pUrNataH ekIkRta nahIM ho sakIM / uttarAdhyayana meM prApta ullekha se aisA lagatA hai ki mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt hI zrAvastI meM mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSya gautama aura pAzrvApatya paramparA ke tatkAlIna AcArya kezI ne paraspara milakara donoM saMghoM ke ekIkaraNa kI bhUmikA taiyAra kI thI / yadyapi Aja hamAre pAsa aisA koI bhI sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hai jisake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sake ki pArzva kI paramparA pUrNataH mahAvIra kI paramparA meM vilIna ho gayI thI / phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki pAzrvApatyoM kA eka bar3A bhAga mahAvIra kI paramparA meM sammilita ho gayA thA aura mahAvIra kI paramparA ne pArzva ko apanI hI paramparA ke pUrva puruSa ke rUpa meM mAnya kara liyA thA / pArzva ke lie 'puruSAdAnIya' zabda kA prayoga isakA pramANa hai / kAlAntara meM RSabha, nami aura ariSTanemi jaise prAkaitihAsikakAla ke mahAn vyaktiyoM ko svIkAra karake nirgrantha paramparA ne apane astitva ko ati prAcInakAla se jor3ane kA prayatna kiyA / Aja aitihAsika AdhAra para yaha batA pAnA kaThina hai ki RSabha kI dArzanika evaM AcAra sambandhI vistRta mAnyatAe~ kyA thIM aura ve vartamAna jaina paramparA ke kitanI nikaTa thIM, to bhI itanA nizcita hai ki RSabha saMnyAsa mArga ke pravartaka ke rUpa meM dhyAna aura tapa para adhika bala dete the / RSabha, ajita, ara, nami, ariSTanemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra ko chor3akara anya tIrthakaroM kI aitihAsikatA ke sambandha meM aitihAsika sAkSya pUrNataH mauna haiM aura inake prati hamArI AsthA kA AdhAra paravartI kAla ke Agama aura anya kathA grantha hI haiM / mahAvIra aura AjIvaka paramparA : jaina dharma ke isa pUrva itihAsa kI isa saMkSipta rUparekhA dene ke

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pazcAt jaba hama punaH mahAvIra ke kAla kI ora Ate haiM to kalpasUtra aura bhagavatI meM kucha aise sUcanA sUtra milate haiM, jinake AdhAra para jJAtaputra zramaNa mahAvIra ke, pApityoM ke atirikta, AjIvakoM ke sAtha bhI nikaTa sambandhoM kI sUcanA milatI hai| __ jainAgamoM aura Agamika vyAkhyAoM meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki mahAvIra ke dIkSita hone ke dUsare varSa meM hI maMkhalIputra gozAlaka unake nikaTa samparka meM AyA thA, kucha varSa donoM sAtha bhI rahe, kintu niyativAda aura puruSArthavAda sambandhI matabhedoM ke kAraNa donoM alaga-alaga ho gaye / haramana jekobI ne to yaha kalpanA bhI kI hai ki mahAvIra kI nirgrantha paramparA meM nagnatA Adi jo AcAra mArga kI kaThoratA hai, vaha gozAlaka kI AjIvaka paramparA kA prabhAva hai| yaha satya hai ki gozAlaka ke pUrva bhI AjIvakoM kI eka paramparA thI, jisameM arjuna Adi AcArya the| phira bhI aitihAsika sAkSya ke abhAva meM yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki kaThora sAdhanA kI yaha paramparA mahAvIra se AjIvaka paramparA meM gaI yA AjIvaka gozAlaka dvArA mahAvIra kI paramparA meM aaii| nimrantha saMgha kI dharma prasAra yAtrA : bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAla meM unake nirgrantha saMgha kA prabhAva-kSetra bihAra evaM pUrvI uttarapradeza tathA unake AsapAsa kA pradeza hI thaa| kintu mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt ina sImAoM meM vistAra hotA gayA / phira bhI AgamoM aura niyuktiyoM kI racanA tathA tIrthaMkaroM kI avadhAraNA ke vikAsa kAla taka uttarapradeza, hariyANA, paMjAba evaM pazcimI rAjasthAna ke kucha bhAga taka hI nirgranthoM ke vihAra kI anumati thii| tIrthaMkaroM ke kalyANa kSetra bhI yahIM taka sImita the| mAtra ariSTanemi hI aise tIrthaMkara haiM jinakA saMbaMdha zUrasena ( mathurA ke AsapAsa ke pradeza ) ke atirikta saurASTra se bhI dikhAyA gayA hai aura unakA nirvANa giranAra parvata mAnA gayA hai| kintu AgamoM meM dvArikA aura giranAra kI jo nikaTatA varNita hai vaha yathArtha sthiti se bhinna hai / sambhavataH ariSTanemi aura kRSNa ke nikaTa-sambandha hone ke kAraNa hI kRSNa ke sAtha-sAtha ariSTanemi kA sambandha bhI dvArikA se jor3A gayA hogA / abhI taka isa sambandha meM aitihAsika sAkSyoM kA abhAva hai| vidvAnoM se apekSA hai ki isa dizA meM khoja kreN|

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jo kucha aitihAsika sAkSya mile haiM usase aisA lagatA hai ki nirgrantha saMgha apane janmasthala bihAra se do dizAoM meM apane pracAra abhiyAna ke lie Age bddh'aa| eka varga dakSiNa-bihAra evaM baMgAla se ur3IsA ke rAste tamilapradeza gayA aura vahIM se usane zrIlaMkA aura suvarNadeza (jAvA-sumAtrA Adi ) kI yAtrAeM kii| lagabhaga I0pU0 dUsarI zatI meM bauddhoM ke bar3hate prabhAva ke kAraNa nirgranthoM ko zrIlaMkA se nikAla diyA gyaa| phalataH ve punaH tamilapradeza meM A gye| tamilanADu meM lagabhaga I0pU0 prathama-dvitIya zatI se brAhmI lipi meM aneka jaina abhilekha milate haiM, jo isa tathya ke sAkSI haiM ki nirgrantha saMgha mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga do-tIna sau varSa pazcAt hI tamilapradeza meM pahu~ca cukA thaa| mAnyatA to yaha bhI hai ki AcArya bhadrabAhu candragupta maurya ko dIkSita karake dakSiNa gaye the| yadyapi isakI aitihAsika prAmANikatA nivivAda nahIM hai, kyoMki ghaTanA kA ullekha karane vAlA abhilekha lagabhaga chaThI-sAtavIM zatI kA hai| Aja bhI tamilanADu meM jainoM kI vipula saMkhyA hai aura ve bhArata meM jaina dharma ke anuyAyiyoM kI prAcInatama paramparA ke pratinidhi haiN| yadyapi bihAra, baMgAla aura ur3IsA kI prAcIna jaina paramparA kAlakrama meM vilupta ho gayI hai, kintu sarAka jAti ke rUpa meM usa paramparA ke avazeSa Aja bhI zeSa haiM / 'sarAka' zabda zrAvaka kA hI apabhraMza rUpa hai aura Aja bhI isa jAti meM rAtribhojananiSedha jaise kucha saMskAra zeSa haiN| uttara aura dakSiNa ke nirgantha zramaNoM meM AdhAra bheda : __ dakSiNa meM praviSTa nirgrantha saMgha, apane sAtha vipula prAkRta jaina sAhitya to nahIM le jA sakA, kyoMki usa kAla taka jainAgama sAhitya kI pUrNa racanA hI nahIM ho pAI thI, kintu vaha apane sAtha zruta paramparA se kucha dArzanika vicAroM evaM mahAvIra ke kaThora AcAramArga ko hI lekara calA thA, jise usane bahata kAla taka surakSita rakhA / Aja kI digambara paramparA kA pUrvaja yahI dakSiNI acelanirgranthasaMgha hai| isa sambaMdha meM anya kucha mudde bhI aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAraNIya haiM / mahAvIra ke apane yuga meM bhI unakA prabhAvakSetra mukhyatayA dakSiNa bihAra hI thA jisakA kendra rAjagRha thA, jabaki bauddhoM evaM pAzvapityoM kA prabhAva

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( 7 ) kSetra uttarI bihAra evaM pUrvottara uttarapradeza rahA, jisakA kendra zrAvastI thaa| mahAvIra ke acela nirgrantha saMgha aura pAzrvApatya santarottara (sacela) nirgrantha saMgha ke sammilana kI bhUmikA bhI zrAvastI meM gautama aura kezI ke netRtva meM taiyAra huI thii| mahAvIra dvArA sarvAdhika cAturmAsa rAjagRha nAlandA meM aura buddha dvArA sarvAdhika cAturmAsa zrAvastI meM vyatIta karanA honA bhI isI tathya kA pramANa hai| dakSiNa kA jalavAyu uttara kI apekSA garma thA ataH acelatA ke paripAlana meM dakSiNa meM gaye nirgrantha saMgha ko koI kaThinAI nahIM huI, jabaki uttara ke nirgrantha saMgha meM kucha pAzrvApatyoM ke prabhAva se aura kucha ati zItala jalavAyu ke kAraNa yaha acelatA akSuNNa nahIM raha sakI aura eka vastra rakhA jAne lgaa| svabhAvataH bhI dakSiNa kI apekSA uttara ke nivAsI adhika suvidhAvAdI hote haiM / bauddha dharma meM bhI buddha ke nirvANa ke pazcAt suvidhAoM kI mA~ga vAtsIputrIya bhikSuoM ne hI kI thI, jo uttarI tarAI kSetra ke the / bauddha piTaka sAhitya meM nirgranthoM ko ekazATaka aura AjIvakoM ko nagna kahA gayA hai jo yaha bhI yahI sUcita karatA hai ki lajjA aura zItanivAraNa hetu uttarabhArata kA nirgrantha saMgha kama se kama eka vastra to rakhane laga gayA thaa| mathurA meM IsvI san prathama zatAbdI ke AsapAsa kI jaina zramaNoM kI jo mUrtiyA~ upalabdha huI haiM unameM sabhI zramaNoM ko eka vastra se yukta dikhAyA gayA hai| ve sAmAnyatayA nagna rahate the kintu bhikSA yA jana samAja meM jAte samaya eka vastrakhaNDa hAtha para DAlakara apanI nagnatA chipA lete the aura ati zIta Adi kI sthiti meM use or3ha lete the / yaha sunizcina hai ki mahAvIra binA kisI pAtra ke dIkSita hue the| AcArAMga se upalabdha sUcanA ke anusAra pahale to ve gRhIpAtra kA upayoga kara lete the, kintu bAda meM unhoMne isakA tyAga kara diyA aura pANipAtra ho gaye arthAt hAtha meM hI bhikSA grahaNa karane lge| sacitta jala kA prayoga niSiddha hone se sambhavataH sarvaprathama nirgrantha saMgha meM zauca ke liye jalapAtra kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hogA, kintu bhikSuoM kI bar3hatI huI saMkhyA aura eka hI ghara se pratyeka bhikSu ko peTa bhara bhojana na mila pAne ke kAraNa Age calakara bhikSA hetu bhI pAtra kA upayoga prArambha ho gayA hogaa| isake atirikta bImAra aura ativRddha bhikSuoM kI paricaryA ke liye bhI pAtra meM AhAra lAne aura grahaNa

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( 8 ) karane kI paramparA pracalita ho gaI hogii| mathurA meM IsA kI prathamadvitIya zatI kI eka jaina zramaNa kI pratimA milI hai, jo apane hAtha meM eka pAtrayukta jholI aura dUsare meM pratilekhana ( rajoharaNa ) liye hue hai| isa jholI kA svarUpa Aja zve0 paramparA meM, vizeSa rUpa se sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI paramparA meM pracalita jholI ke samAna hai| yadyapi mathurA ke aMkanoM meM hAtha meM khulA pAtra bhI pradarzita hai| isake atirikta mathurA ke aMkana meM muniyoM evaM sAdhviyoM ke hAtha meM mukhavastrikA ( mu~ha-pattI) aura pratilekhana ( rajoharaNa ) ke bhI aMkana upalabdha hote haiN| pratilekhana ke aMkana digambara paramparA meM pracalita mayUrapicchi aura zve0 paramparA meM pracalita rajoharaNa donoM hI prakAroM meM milate haiN| yadyapi spaSTa sAhityika aura purAtAttvika sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki ve pratilekhana mayUra-piccha ke bane hote the yA anya kisI vastu ke| digambara paramparA meM mAnya yApanIya graMtha mUlAcAra aura bhagavatIArAdhanA meM pratilekhana ( pAMDilehaNa) aura usake guNoM kA to varNana hai, kintu yaha spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai ki ve kisa vastu ke bane hote the| isa prakAra IsA kI prathama zatI ke pUrva uttarabhArata ke nirgranthasaMgha meM vastra, pAtra, jholI, mukhavastrikA aura pratilekhana ( rajoharaNa ) kA pracalana thaa| sAmAnyatayA muni nagna hI rahate the aura sAdhviyA~ sATikA pahanatI thiiN| muni vastra kA upayoga ucita avasara para zIta evaM lajjA nivAraNa hetU karate the| muniyoM dvArA sadaiva vastra dhAraNa kiye rahane kI paramparA nahIM thii| isI prakAra ina aMkanoM meM mukhavastrikA bhI hAtha meM hI pradarzita hai, na ki vartamAna sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI paramparAoM ke anurUpa mukha para ba~dhI huI dikhAI gaI hai| prAcIna stara ke zve0 Agama grantha bhI inhIM tathyoM kI puSTi karate haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM muni ke jina 14 upakaraNoM kA ullekha milatA hai, ve sambhavataH IsA kI dUsarItIsarI zatI taka nizcita ho gaye the| yApanIya yA boTika saMgha kA uddhava : / IsA kI dvitIya zatI meM mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke chaha sau nau varSa pazcAt uttarabhAratIya nirgranthasaMgha meM vibhAjana kI eka anya ghaTanA ghaTita huI, phalataH uttarabhArata kA nirgranthasaMgha sacela evaM acela aise

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do bhAgoM meM ba~Ta gyaa| pAzrvApatyoM ke prabhAva se ApavAdika rUpa meM evaM zItAdi ke nivAraNArtha gRhIta hue vastra, pAtra Adi jaba muni kI aparihArya upAdhi banane lage, to parigraha kI isa bar3hatI huI pravRtti ko rokane ke prazna para Arya kRSNa aura Arya zivabhUti meM matabheda ho gayA / Arya kRSNa jinakalpa kA uccheda batAkara gRhIta vastra-pAtra ko municaryA kA aparihArya aMga mAnane lage, jabaki Arya zivabhUti ne inake tyAga aura jinakalpa ke AcaraNa para bala diyaa| unakA kahanA thA ki samartha ke lie jinakalpa kA niSedha nahIM mAnanA caahie| vastra-pAtra kA grahaNa apavAda mArga hai, utsarga mArga to acelatA hI hai / Arya zivabhUti kI uttara bhArata kI isa acela paramparA ko zvetAmbaroM ne boTika ( bhraSTa ) khaa| kiMtu Age calakara yaha paramparA yApanIya ke nAma se hI adhika prasiddha huii| gopAcala meM vikasita hone ke kAraNa yaha gopyasaMgha ke nAma se bhI jAnI jAtI thii| SaTdarzanasamuccaya kI TIkA meM guNaratna ne gopya saMgha yA yApanIya saMgha ko paryAyavAcI batAyA hai| yApanIya saMgha kI vizeSatA yaha thI ki eka ora yaha zve0 paramparA ke samAna AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika Adi arddhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ko mAnya karatA thA, jo ki use uttarAdhikAra meM hI prApta huA thA, sAtha hI vaha sacela, strI aura anyataithikoM kI mukti ko svIkAra karatA thaa| Agama sAhitya ke vastra-pAtra saMbaMdhI ullekhoM ko vaha sAdhviyoM evaM ApavAdika sthiti meM muniyoM se saMbaMdhita mAnatA thaa| kintu dUsarI ora vaha digambara paramparA ke samAna vastra aura pAtra kA niSedha kara muni kI nagnatA para bala detA thaa| yApanIya muni nagna rahate the aura pANItalabhojI ( hAtha meM bhojana karane vAle ) hote the| isake AcAryoM ne uttarAdhikAra meM prApta AgamoM kI gAthAoM se zaurasainI prAkRta meM aneka grantha bnaaye| inameM kaSAyaprAbhRta, SaTkhaNDAgama, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra Adi prasiddha haiN| ___ dakSiNa bhArata meM acela nimrantha paramparA kA itihAsa IsvI san kI tIsarI-cauthI zatI taka andhakAra meM hI hai| isa sambandha meM hameM na to vizeSa sAhityika sAkSya hI milate haiM aura na abhilekhIya hii| yadyapi isa kAla ke kucha pUrva ke brAhmI lipi ke aneka guphA abhilekha tamilanADu meM pAye jAte haiM kintu ve zramaNoM yA nirmAtA ke nAma

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( 10 ) ke atirikta koI jAnakArI nahIM dete| tamilanADu meM abhilekha yukta jo guphAyeM haiM, ve sambhavataH nirgranthoM ke samAdhi maraNa grahaNa karane kI sthala rahI hogIM / saMgama yuga ke tamila sAhitya se itanA avazya jJAta hotA hai ki jaina zramaNoM ne bhI tamila bhASA ke vikAsa aura samRddhi meM apanA yogadAna diyA thA / tirukuraLa ke jainAcArya kRta hone kI bhI eka mAnyatA hai / IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI meM tamila deza kA yaha nirgranthasaMgha karnATaka ke rAste uttara kI ora bar3hA, udhara uttara kA nirgranthasaMgha sacela ( zvetAmbara ) aura acela ( yApanIya ) ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hokara dakSiNa meM gayA / sacela zvetAmbara paramparA rAjasthAna, gujarAta evaM pazcimI mahArASTra hotI huI uttara karnATaka pahu~cI, to acela yApanIya paramparA bundelakhaNDa evaM vidizA hokara viMdhya aura satapur3A ko pAra karatI huI pUrvI mahArASTra se hokara uttarI karnATaka pahu~cI / IsA kI pA~cavI zatI meM uttarI karnATaka meM mRgezavarmA ke jo abhilekha mile haiM unase usa kAla meM jainoM ke pA~coM saMghoM ke astitva kI sUcanA milatI hai - ( 1 ) nirgranthasaMgha, ( 2 ) mUla saMgha, ( 3 ) yApanIyasaMgha, (4) kUrcakasaMgha aura ( 5 ) zvetapaTa mahAzramaNa saMgha / isI kAla meM pUrvottara bhArata meM vaTagohalI se prApta tAmrapatra meM paMcastUpAnvaya ke astitva kI bhI sUcanA milatI hai / isa yuga kA zvetapaTa mahAzramaNasaMgha aneka kuloM evaM zAkhAoM meM vibhakta thA, jisakA sampUrNa vivaraNa kalpasUtra evaM mathurA ke abhilekhoM se prApta hotA hai / caityavAsa aura bhaTTAraka paramparA kA udaya : digambara paramparA meM bhaTTAraka sampradAya aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM caityavAsa kA vikAsa isI yuga arthAt IsA kI pA~cavI zatI se prArambha hotA hai / yadyapi jina mandira aura jina pratimA ke nirmANa ke purAtAttvika pramANa mauryakAla se to spaSTa rUpa se milane lagate haiM / zaka aura kuSANa yuga meM isameM paryApta vikAsa huA, phira bhI IsA kI 5vIM zatI se 12vIM zatI ke bIca jaina zilpa apane sarvottama rUpa ko prApta hotA hai / yaha vastutaH caityavAsa kI dena hai ( donoM paramparAoM meM isa yuga meM muni vanoM ko chor3akara caityoM ( jina - mandiroM ) meM rahane lage the / kevala itanA hI nahIM, ve ina caityoM kI vyavasthA bhI karane lage

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( 11 ) the| abhilekhoM se to yahA~ taka sUcanA milatI hai ki na kevala caityoM kI vyavasthA ke lie, apitu muniyoM ke AhAra aura telamardana Adi ke liye bhI saMbhrAMta varga se dAna prApta kiye jAte the| isa prakAra isa kAla meM jaina sAdhu maThAdhIza bana gayA thaa| phira bhI isa suvidhAbhogI varga dvArA jaina-darzana, sAhitya evaM zilpa kA jo vikAsa isa yuga meM huA, usakI sarvotkRSTatA se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi isa caityavAsa meM suvidhAvAda ke nAma para jo zithilAcAra vikasita ho rahA thA, usakA virodha zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM huaa| zvetAMbara paraMparA meM sarvaprathama AcArya haribhadra ne isake virodha meM lekhanI claaii| 'sambodhaprakaraNa' meM unhoMne ina caityavAsiyoM ke Agamaviruddha AcAra kI khulakara AlocanA kI, yahA~ taka ki unheM nara-pizAca taka kaha diyaa| caityavAsa kI isI prakAra kI AlocanA Age calakara jinezvarasUri, jinacandrasUri Adi kharataragaccha ke AcAryoM ne bhI kii| IsvI san kI dasavIM zatAbdI meM kharataragaccha kA AvirbhAva bhI caityavAsa ke virodha meM huA thA jisakA prArambhika nAma suvihitamArga yA saMvignapakSa thaa| digambara paramparA meM isa yuga meM draviNasaMgha, mAthurasaMgha, kASThAsaMgha Adi kA udbhava bhI isI kAla meM huA, jinheM darzanasAra nAmaka grantha meM jainAbhAsa kahA gayA hai| tantra aura bhakti mArga kA jaina dharma para prabhAba : vastutaH guptakAla se lekara dasavIM aura gyArahavIM zatAbdI taka kA yuga saMpUrNa bhAratIya samAja ke liye caritrabala ke hrAsa aura lalita kalAoM ke vikAsa kA yuga hai| yahI kAla hai jaba khajurAho aura koNArka ke mandiroM meM kAmuka aMkana kiye gye| jina-mandira bhI isa prabhAva se achUte nahIM raha sake / yaha vahI yuga hai jaba kRSNa ke sAtha rAdhA aura gopiyoM kI kathA ko gar3hakara dharma ke nAma para kAmukatA kA pradarzana kiyA gyaa| isI kAla meM tantra aura vAmamArga kA pracAra huaa| jinakI agni meM bauddhabhikSusaMgha to pUrI taraha jala marA kintu jainabhikSusaMgha bhI usakI lapaToM kI hulasa se baca na skaa| adhyAtmavAdI jaina dharma para bhI tantra kA prabhAva aayaa| hindu paramparA ke aneka devI-devatAoM ko prakArAntara se yakSa, yakSI athavA zAsana deviyoM ke onal

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rUpa meM jaina devamaMDala kA sadasya svIkAra kara liyA gyaa| unakI kRpA yA unase laukika sukha-samRddhi prApta karane ke liye aneka tAntrika vidhi-vidhAna bane / jaina tIrthaMkara to vItarAgI thA, ataH vaha na to bhaktoM kA kalyANa kara sakatA thA aura na duSToM kA vinAza, phalataH jainoM ne yakSa-yakSiyoM yA zAsana-devatA ko bhaktoM ke kalyANa kI javAbadArI dekara apane ko yuga-vidyA ke sAtha samAyojita kara liyaa| isI prakAra bhakti mArga kA prabhAva hI isa yuga meM jaina saMgha para pdd'aa| tantra aura bhaktimArga ke saMyukta prabhAva se jina mandiroM meM yakSa-pUjA Adi ke rUpa meM vividha prakAra ke karmakAMDa astitva meM aaye| vItarAga jina pratimA kI hindU paramparA kI SoDazopacAra pUjA kI taraha satrahabhedI pUjA kI jAne lagI / na kevala vItarAga jinapratimA ko vastrAbhUSaNAdi se susajjita kiyA gayA, apitu use phala-naivedya Adi bhI arpita kiye jAne lge| yaha viDambanA hI thI ki hindU devI-devatAoM kI pUjA paddhati ke vivekazUnya anukaraNa dvArA tIrthaMkara yA siddha paramAtmA kA bhI AhvAna aura visarjana kiyA jAne lgaa| yadyapi yaha prabhAva zvetAmbara paramparA meM adhika AyA thA, kintu digambara paramparA bhI isase baca na skii| vividha prakAra ke karmakANDa aura maMtra-taMtra kA praveza usameM bhI ho cukA thaa| zramaNa paramparA kI varNa-mukta sarvodayI dharma vyavasthA kA parityAga karake usameM zUdra kI mukti ke niSedha aura zUdra jala-tyAga para bala diyA gyaa| madhyayuga meM kalA evaM sAhitya ke kSetra meM jainoM kA mahattvapUrNa avadAna : yadyapi madhyakAla jainAcAra kI dRSTi se zithilAcAra evaM suvidhAvAda kA yuga thA, phira bhI kalA aura sAhitya ke kSetroM meM jainoM ne mahanIya avadAna pradAna kiyaa| khajurAho, zravaNabelagolA, AbU ( delavAr3A), tAraMgA, rANakapura, devagar3ha Adi kA bhavya zilpa aura sthApatya kalA, jo 9vIM zatI se 14vIM zatI ke bIca meM nirmita huI, Aja bhI jaina samAja kA mastaka gaurava se U~cA kara detI hai| aneka praur3ha dArzanika evaM sAhityika granthoM kI racanAe~ bhI inhIM zatAbdiyoM meM huii| zvetAmbara paramparA meM haribhadra, abhayadeva, vAdidevasUri,

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( 13 ) hemacandra, maNibhadra, mallisena aura jinaprabha to digambara paramparA meM vidyAnandI, zAkaTAyana, prabhAcandra jaise samartha vicAraka bhI isI kAla ke haiM / maMtra-taMtra ke sAtha cikitsA ke kSetra meM bhI jaina AcArya Age Aye / isa yuga ke bhaTTArakoM aura jaina yatiyoM ne sAhitya evaM kalAtmaka mandiroM kA nirmANa to kiyA hI sAtha hI cikitsA ke mAdhyama se janasevA ke kSetra meM bhI ve pIche nahIM rhe| sudhAravAdI Andolana evaM amUrtipUjaka sampradAyoM kA AvirbhAva : __ jaina paramparA meM eka parivartana kI lahara punaH solahavIM zatAbdI meM AyI, jaba adhyAtmapradhAna jaina dharma kA zuddha karmakANDa ghora ADambara ke AvaraNa meM dhUmila ho rahA thA aura muslima zAsakoM ke mUrtibhaMjaka svarUpa se mUrtipUjA ke prati AsthAe~ vicalita ho rahI thIM, tabhI muslimoM kI ADambararahita sahaja dharma sAdhanA ne hinduoM kI bhA~ti jainoM ko bhI prabhAvita kiyaa| hindU dharma meM aneka nirguNa vratamArgI santoM ke AvirbhAva ke samAna hI jaina dharma meM bhI aise santoM kA AvirbhAva huA, jinhoMne dharma ke nAma para karmakANDa aura ADambarayukta pUjA-paddhati kA virodha kiyaa| phalataH jaina dharma kI zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM hI zAkhAoM meM sudhAravAdI Andolana kA prAdurbhAva huaa| inameM zvetAmbara paramparA meM lokAzAha aura digambara paramparA meM santa taraNatAraNa tathA banArasIdAsa pramukha the| yadyapi banArasIdAsa janmanA zvetAmbara paramparA ke the, kintu unakA sudhAravAdI Andolana digambara paramparA se sambandhita thaa| lokAzAha ne zvetAmbara paramparA meM mUrtipUjA tathA dhArmika karmakANDa aura ADambaroM kA virodha kiyaa| inakI paramparA Age calakara lokAgaccha ke nAma se prasiddha huii| isI se Age calakara satrahavIM zatAbdI meM zvetAmbara meM sthAnakavAsI paramparA vikasita huI, jisakA punaH eka vibhAjana 18vIM zatI meM zuddha nivRttamArgI jIvanadRSTi evaM ahiMsA kI niSedhAtmaka vyAkhyA ke AdhAra para zvetAmbara terApaMtha ke rUpa meM huaa| digambara para parAoM meM banArasIdAsa ne bhaTTAraka paramparA ke viruddha apanI AvAja bulanda kI aura sacitta dravyoM se jina-pratimA

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( 14 ) ke pUjana kA niSedha kiyA, kintu tAraNasvAmI to banArasIdAsa se bhI eka kadama Age the| unhoMne digambara paramparA meM mUrtipUjA kA hI niSedha kara diyaa| mAtra yahI nahIM, inhoMne dharma ke AdhyAtmika svarUpa kI punaH pratiSThA kii| banArasIdAsa kI paramparA jahA~ digambara terApaMtha ke nAma se vikasita huI, to tAraNa svAmI kA vaha Andolana tAraNapaMtha yA samaiyA ke nAma se pahacAnA jAne lagA / tAraNapaMtha ke caityAlayoM meM mUrti ke sthAna para zAstroM kI pratiSThA kI gii| isa prakAra solahavIM evaM satrahavIM zatAbdI meM jaina paramparA meM islAma dharma ke prabhAva ke phalasvarUpa eka nayA parivartana AyA aura amUrtipUjaka sampradAyoM kA janma huA phira bhI purAnI paramparAe~ yathAvat rUpa se calatI rhiiN| punaH bIsavIM zatI meM jahA~ gA~dhI jI ke gurutulya zrImadrAjacandra ke kAraNa adhyAtmapremiyoM kA eka nayA saMgha banA / yadyapi sadasya saMkhyA kI dRSTi se cAhe yaha saMgha prabhAvazAlI na ho, kintu unakI adhyAtmaniSThA Aja isakI eka alaga pahacAna banAtI hai / isI prakAra zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI paramparA meM dIkSita kAnajI svAmI ne mahAna adhyAtmavAdI digambara saMta kundakunda ke samayasAra jaise adhyAtma aura nizcaya naya pradhAna grantha ke adhyayana se digambara paramparA meM isa zatAbdI meM eka naye AMdolana ko janma diyaa| isa prakAra jaina dharma meM bhI yuga-yuga meM deza aura kAla ke prabhAva se aneka parivartana hote rahe haiM, jinakI saMkSipta jhA~kI isa Alekha meM prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| videzayAgA aura vAhana-prayoga kA prazna Aja punaH jainadharma ke AcAra-vicAra ko lekara parivartana kI bAta kahI jAtI hai| yaha satya hai ki yugInaparisthitiyoM ke badalane para kisI bhI jIvita dharma ke lie yaha Avazyaka hotA hai ki vaha yugAnurUpa apanI jIvana-zailI meM parivartana kre| Aja vijJAna aura takanIkI kA yuga hai / pragati ke kAraNa Aja dezoM ke bIca dUriyA~ simaTa gyiiN| Aja jaina parivAra bhI vizva ke pratyeka kone meM pahu~ca cuke haiN| ataH unake saMskAroM ko jIvita rakhane aura vizva meM jainadharma kI asmitA ko sthApita karane ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki jaina zramaNa varga vizva ke dezoM kI yAtrA kara jainadharma kA prasAra kareM,

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( 15 ) kintu isa hetu AcAra-niyamoM meM kucha parivartana tolAnAhI hogaa| dharma prasAra ke lie jaina zramaNa deza-videza kI yAtrAe~ prAcInakAla se hI karate rahe / mahAvIra ke yuga meM jaina muniyoM ne yAtrA meM bAdhaka nadiyoM ko nAvoM se pAra karake apanI yAtrAe~ kI thiiN| mAtra nadiyoM ko pAra karake hI nahIM mahAsAgara ko jahAjoM se pAra karake bhI jaina muniyoM ne laMkA aura suvarNadvIpa taka kI yAtrAe~ kI thIM, aise aitihAsika sAkSya upalabdha haiM / ataH Aja yadi videzoM meM jainadharma ke prasAra ke lie koI jaina muni vAyuyAna se yAtrA kara letA hai to vaha koI bahuta bar3A aparAdha karatA hai, yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kintu jahA~ pAda vihAra kI suvidhAe~ upalabdha haiM, vahA~ bhI vAhana prayoga to ucita nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| punaH hameM yaha bhI vicAra karanA hogA vaha videza yAtrA jainadharma kI garimA ko sthApita karatI hai yA use khaNDita karatI hai| videzoM meM jaina muni jainadharma kA gaurava tabhI sthApita kara sakatA hai jaba usakI apanI jIvanacaryA kaThora evaM saMyamaparaka ho| hameM isa tathya ko smaraNa rakhanA hai ki jaina zramaNoM kI suvidhAvAdI pravRtti jainadharma ke lie bhI utanI khataranAka siddha hogI, jaisI kabhI bauddha dharma ke lie huI thI, ki vaha apanI mAtRbhUmi meM hI apanA astitva kho baitthii| videza yAtrA koI bar3A aparAdha nhiiN| aparAdha hai jaina zramaNoM kI bar3hatI huI suvidhAvAdI pravRtti / Aja kA jaina zramaNa itanA suvidhAvAdI aura bhogavAdI hotA jA rahA hai ki eka sAmAnya jaina gRhastha kI apekSA bhI usakA khAna-pAna aura sampUrNa jIvana zailI adhika suvidhAsampanna bana rahI hai| eka zramaNa ke lie varSa meM hone vAlA kharca sAmAnya gRhastha se kaI gunA adhika hotA hai| ___Aja ke jaina zramaNa kI jIvana zailI itanI suvidhAbhogI ho gaI hai ki vaha jana-sAmAnya kI apekSA sampanna zreSThivarga ke AsapAsa kendrita ho rahA hai aura unakI jIvana zailI use aura adhika suvidhAbhogI banA rahI hai---yadi vAhana prayoga sAmAnya ho gayA to jaina zramaNa jana-sAdhAraNa aura grAmINa jaina parivAra se bilakula kaTa jaayegaa| vAhana suvidhA aura videza yAtrA ko yuga kI AvazyakatA mAnakara bhI usa sambandha meM kucha maryAdAe~ nizcita karanA hoNgii| 1-caritravAn aura vidvAn zramaNa yA zramaNI hI AcArya aura saMgha

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( 16 ) kI anumati se videza bheje jaayeN| yaha nirNaya pUrNataH AcArya aura saMgha kI sarvocca samiti ke AdhIna ho ki kisa zramaNa yA zramaNI ko videza bhejA jaaye| 2--jisa zramaNa yA zramaNI ko videza yAtrA ke lie bhejA jAye use usa deza kI bhASA aura jainazAstra tathA darzana kA gambhIra adhyayana ho aura unake jJAna kA pramANIkaraNa aura unakI jainadharma ke prati niSThA kA samyak mUlyAMkana ho| 3-videza yAtrA dharma saMskAra jAgRta karane ke lie ho na ki ghUmane phirane ke lie| ataH prathamataH unhIM kSetroM meM yAtrA kI anumati ho; jahA~ jaina parivAroM ke nivAsa hoM aura usa kSetra meM ve apane paramparAgata niyamoM kA usI prakAra pAlana kreN| 4-aparipakvavaya aura aparipakva vicAroM ke zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko kisI bhI paristhiti meM videza yAtrA kI anumati na dI jaaye| 5- jisa prakAra prAcInakAla meM bar3I nadiyoM ko naukA se pAra karane kI varSa meM saMkhyA nirdhArita hotI thI, usI prakAra varSa meM eka-yA do se adhika yAtrAoM kI anumati na ho| jisa kSetra meM ve jAyeM, vahA~ rukakara saMskAra jAgaraNa kA kArya kareM, na ki bhramaNa-sukha ke lie yAtrAe~ karate rheN| 6--vAhana yAtrA ko apavAd mArga hI mAnA jAye aura usake lie samucita prAyazcitta kI vyavasthA ho / deza meM bhI ApavAdika paristhitiyoM meM athavA kisI sudUra pradeza kI yAtrA jJAna-sAdhanA athavA dharma ke prasAra ke lie Avazyaka hone para hI vAhana dvArA yAtrA kI anumati dI jaaye| binA anumati ke vAhana prayoga sarvathA niSiddha hI mAnI jaaye| isa prakAra viziSTa niyaMtraNoM ke sAtha hI vAhana prayoga aura videza yAtrA kI anumati apavAd mArga ke rUpa meM hI mAnI jA sakatI hai| use sAmAnya niyama kabhI bhI nahIM banAyA jA sakatA, kyoMki bhUtakAla meM bhI vaha eka apavAda mArga hI thaa| isa prakAra AcAra mArga meM yugAnurUpa parivartana to kiye jA sakate haiM parantu unakI apanI upayogitA honI cAhie aura unase jaina dharma ke zAzvata mUlyoM koI kharoMca nahIM AnI caahie| -nidezaka, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna bhArANasI

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sat kA svarUpa anekAntavAda aura vyavahAravAda kI dRSTi meM -DA0 rAjendra kumAra siMha 'sat' kA svarUpa kyA hai, yaha eka aisA prazna hai jisake samAdhAna hetu mAnava samAja AdikAla se hI lagA huA hai| kyA isa vizva kA svataMtra astitva hai yA yaha sRSTi kA pariNAma hai ? kyA isa vizva kA padArpaNa ekAeka huA hai yA dhIre dhIre ? kyA isa vizva meM jar3atattva pradhAna hai yA cetana tattva yA donoM ? kyA yaha vizva ananta hai yA sAnta Adi aise anekoM prazna sattA ke sambandha meM hote rahe haiM jinake samAdhAna kA prayAsa dArzanikoM dvArA pratyeka yuga meM hotA AyA hai| .. 'sat' se sambandhita samasyAoM kA samAdhAna bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya anekoM vidvAnoM ne vibhinna rUpoM meM karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| prastuta nibandha meM hama jaina-dArzanikoM kI anekAntavAdI dRSTi evaM pAzcAtya darzana kI vyAvahArikatAvAdI dRSTi para eka tulanAtmaka vicAra kareMge tathA dekheMge ki donoM ke vicAroM meM kitanI samAnatA hai / yaha ThIka hai ki jaina vicAraka mukhyataH vastubAdI haiM aura adhikAMza vyAvahArikatAvAdI siddhAnta ko mAnate haiM aura isa dRSTi se unake tAtvika vicAroM meM kucha bheda bhI hai, parantu jahA~ taka 'sat' ke vAstavika svarUpa kA prazna hai, donoM ke siddhAntoM meM hama adhika samatA dekhate haiN| 'ananta dharmakaM vastu' donoM kA mUla siddhAnta hai| arthAta jisa daSTi se jaina-dArzanikoM ne sat ko pahacAnane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, pAzcAtya vyAvahArikatAvAdI vicArakoM kA bhI prayAsa bahuta kucha usI rUpa meM huA hai / - jaina-darzana meM 'sat' ke lie tattva, artha, dravya, padArtha Adi zabdoM kA prayoga eka hI artha meM kiyA gayA hai| tattva-sAmAnya ke lie ina 1. eca0 esa0 bhaTTAcArya 'anekAntavAda' (jaina saMsthAna sAhitya prakAzana samiti, bhAvanagara, 1953) pRSTha 10 /

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( 18 ) sabhI zabdoM kA ullekha eka hI artha meM huA hai / jaina-darzana ke atirikta anya bhAratIya sampradAyoM meM bhI ina zabdoM kA ullekha bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM hameM milate haiM, jaise-vaizeSika darzana meM dravya, guNa, Adi sAta padArtha, nyAya darzana meM pramANAdi solaha padArtha, sAMkhya-darzana meM puruSaprakRti Adi / jaina-dArzanika pratyeka 'dravya' yA 'sat' ko ananta dharmoM kA maulika piNDa mAnate haiM / arthAt sat kA svarUpa bahutattvavAdI hai| parantu isa ananta dharmoM vAlI vastu kA jJAna vibhinna vyaktiyoM dvArA vibhinna rUpoM meM ekAMgI rUpa meM hotA hai| ve sabhI 'sat' ko kevala eka dRSTi se dekhate haiN| jaise bhagavAna buddha ne sat ko anAtmavAdake AdhAra para jAnane kA prayAsa kiyA aura use kSaNika yA zUnya maanaa| isase bhinna dRSTi vAle zaMkarAcArya ne vedoM aura upaniSadoM ke AdhAra para 'sat' ko samajhane kA prayAsa kiyA aura use advata ghoSita kiyaa| parantu jainadarzana ke anusAra ye sabhI siddhAnta 'sat' ko kevala eka dRSTi se dekhane ke kAraNa ekAMgI haiM / 'sat' to apane Apa meM ananta dharmoM ko liye hue hai / mAnava kA sat sambandhI jJAna AMzika hotA hai jise jaina-dArzanika 'naya' kI saMjJA dete haiM / arthAt nayoM dvArA mAnava sat ke eka-eka aMza ko hI jAna pAtA hai| mAnava kI dRSTi parimita aura sImita hotI hai| vaha kacit vastu ko dekha yA jAna pAtA hai| vastu kA sarvAMga jJAna use yugapata nahIM hotA hai / phalasvarUpa mAnava kA pratyeka kathana sImita dRSTi/sApekSa hai| ataH koI nirNaya nirapekSa satya nahIM hai| 1. TATiyA nathamala :-'anekAntavAda, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI,' AcArya bhikSu smRti grantha, (zrI jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1961) meM prakAzita / 2. dAsa guptA esa0 ena0 'bhAratIyadarzana', bhAga-1 ( kembrIja yUnivarsiTI presa, 1963 ), pRSTha 176 3. TATiyA nathamala : 'sTaDIjainajainaphilAsaphI', (jaina kalcarala risarca sosA iTI, banArasa, 1951), pRSTha 22

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( 19 ) jaina-dArzanika 'dravya' yA sat padArtha meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kA vilakSaNa mAnate haiM / (utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyayuktam) pratyeka dravya cAhe vaha cetana ho yA acetana, trilakSaNa yukta pariNAmI hai| utpAda aura vyaya ko 'paryAya' aura dhrauvya ko 'guNa' kahA hai / guNa nityatA kA sUcaka hai aura paryAya parivartana kA / jaina-dArzanika vastu meM utpAda aura vyaya avazya mAnate haiM, parantu unake anusAra mUla vastu kA utpAda aura vyaya nahIM hotA hai, pratyuta vastu ke paryAyoM kA utpAda aura vyaya hai / arthAt jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra deza aura kAla sat kI vyAkhyA meM bheda avazya lAte haiM, para usake mUla svarUpa meM koI parivartana nahIM laate| sat pratikSaNa parivartita hokara bhI kabhI samUla naSTa nahIM hotaa| ___ jaina dArzanika satkAryavAda ke samarthaka hone ke kAraNa yaha mAnate haiM ki kArya paryAyoM kA eka navIna rUpa hai, vastu kA svabhAva nhiiN| dUsare zabdoM meM vastu kA vAstavika jAtIya guNa nahIM badalatA, kevala usake rUpa yA paryAya hI badalate haiN| jaina-darzanikoM kA spaSTa mata hai ki jisa vastu kA bhAva hai usakA nirapekSa rUpa se abhAva nahIM ho sktaa| isI prakAra jisakA abhAva hai, vaha astitva meM bhI nahIM A sakatA / arthAt ye nirapekSa rUpa se kabhI nahIM pAye jaate| vastu sApekSa hai / eka viziSTa dRSTikoNa kI apekSA sabhI vidyamAna haiM, kintu dUsare dRSTikoNa kI apekSA koI vastu vidyamAna nahIM hai| _isa prakAra sat apane Apa meM pUrNa hai| use ekAntika rUpa se na to pUrNa aura na to AMzika kahA jA sakatA hai| vaha to ina donoM kA sammilita rUpa hai| pratyeka vyakti ko 'sat' kA pUrNarUpeNa trikAlAbAdhita yathArtha darzana ho sake, yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| usakA trikAlAbAdhita pUrNa rUpeNa sAkSAskAra pUrNapuruSa hI kara sakate haiN| parantu ve bhI use vANI dvArA vyakta nahIM kara sakate / yahI kAraNa hai ki deza, kAla, paristhiti, bhASA evaM zailI Adi kI vividhatA ke kAraNa pUrNa puruSoM ke kathana meM bhI zAbdika 1. tttvaarth-suutr-5|29 2. mukharjI satkArI 'jaina philAsaphI oNpha vana-eksolUTijma', ( bhAratI mahAvidyAlaya, kalakattA, 1944 ), pRSTha 13

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( 20 ) bheda dikhAI de sakatA hai| jaise-bhagavAn mahAvIra eka sthAna para kahate haiM .. 'ege AyA', arthAt AtmA eka hai / punaH apane upadeza ke dUsare krama meM kahate haiM - -'anege AyA', arthAt AtmA aneka hai| zAbdika dRSTi se donoM kathanoM meM antara dikhAI detA hai, parantu saiddhAntika dRSTi se koI virodha nahIM hai| yathArthatA kI dRSTi se dekhane para AtmA meM ekatva aura anekatva donoM vartamAna haiM / bhagavatIsUtra' meM hameM isa taraha ke kaI ullekha milate haiN| isa prakAra jaina-dArzanika eka hI vastu ko sApekSa dRSTi se nitya aura anitya, eka aura aneka, astitvavAn aura anistitvavAn donoM hI mAnate haiM / mAnava kA vastu sambandhI jJAna apekSAtmaka (rileTiva) hotA hai / jaina dArzanika isakI vyAkhyA kaI andhe vyaktiyoM dvArA eka hI hAthI ke sambandha meM vibhinna diye gaye AMzika jJAna se karate haiN| arthAt koI vyakti hAthI ke kAna ko pakar3akara use sUpa ke AkAra ke samAna mAnanA hai to koI usake pUMcha ko pakar3akara rassI ke samAna / isI prakAra koI usake paira ko dekha kara khambhe ke samAna mAnate haiM to koI badana ko dekhakara dIvAla ke samAna Adi / parantu ina sabhI aMdhe vyaktiyoM dvArA hAthI ke sambandha meM vyakta kiye gaye jJAna ko AMzika rUpa se hI satya kahA jA sakatA hai| hAthI to apane Apa meM ina sabhI aMgoM se yukta pUrNa rUpa se satya hai / isa prakAra vastu kA jJAna apekSAtmaka rUpa se hone ke kAraNa vaha' syAt' yA' kathaMcit' rUpa se hI satya yA asatya hotA hai| ataH hameM pratyeka kathana ke pUrva syAt' zabda lagAnA caahie| kisI vastu ke kisI vizeSa guNa ko vyakta karane ko 'naya' kahA jAtA hai / arthAt 'naya' vastu kA AMzika jJAna hai| hama vibhinna 'nayoM' dvArA hI vastu kA jJAna prApta karate haiN| usake pUrNa rUpa meM kadApi nahIM / pAzcAtya vyAvahArikatAvAda mUlataH eka jJAna mImAMsIya siddhAnta hai / ataH jaina-darzana kI taraha usameM sat ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM alaga se vyAkhyA nahIM pAte haiN| phira bhI jJAna mImAMsIya siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA ke 1. bhgvtiisuutr-1|4|42, 7 / 3 / 279, Adi /

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( 21 ) saMdarbha meM hI 'sat' kI vyAkhyA parokSa rUpa se hama avazya pAte haiM / jaisA ki jaina-dArzanika 'sat' ko anubhavagamya mAnate haiM, vyAvahArikatAvAdI dArzanika bhI apanI vastuvAdI dhAraNA ke anukUla isase pUrNatayA sahamata haiN| ve indriyAnubhava se prApta jJAna ko prAmANika mAnate haiM aura isa prakAra anubhava meM Ane vAlI vastuoM ko sat samajhate haiN| isakA yaha tAtparya hai ki yaha viSayagata saMsAra anekAtmaka hai aura yahAM kI pratyeka vastu aneka samAna tathA asamAna dharmoM se yukta hai| vyAvahArikatAvAdI dArzanika jemsa pratyakSAnubhUti ko jJAna kA sabase sarala aura nizcita sAdhana mAnate haiN| sAkSAta vastu ke sambandha meM vahI vicAra yA pratyakSa jo usa vastu kA yathArtha jJAna detA hai, sarvottama pratyaya mAnA jAtA hai|' kyoMki yahAM kisI prakAra virodha kA sthAna nahIM rahatA aura hamAre anubhava tathA anubhUta vastu ina donoM meM pUrNa tAdAtmya ho jAtA hai| ataH jemsa jainoM ke samAna yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki sat kA jJAna dRSTikoNa bheda para nirbhara karatA hai| kisI vastu ko hama jisa dRSTi se dekhate haiM yA usakA pratyakSa bodha jisa rUpa meM hotA hai, use hI sat kA yathArtha svarUpa hameM mAnanA caahie| jemsa kahate haiM---'anekoM paricita vastuoM meM pratyeka vyakti mAnavIya tattva ko pahacAna legA / hamAre prayojana ke anusAra hama kisI pradatta sat ko eka yA dUsare tarIke se soca sakate aura vaha sat apane Apako hamArI saMkalpanA ke anurUpa DhAla detA hai| 1. viliyama jemma, 'da miniMga oNpha TU tha' (nyUyArka, 1927, pRSTha 41) 2. sAmAnyataH sat vaha hai jisakI satya jJAna upekSA nahIM kara sakatA aura isa dRSTikoNa ke anusAra sat kA prathama bhAga hamAre saMvedanoM kA satata pravAha hai / ve eka taraha se hamAre Upara jabardastI thope jAte haiM, hama yaha bhI nahIM jAnate ki ve kahA~ se Ate haiM ( arthAt unake udbhava sthala kahAM haiM ), unake svarUpa krama aura saMkhyA para hamArA niyaMtraNa nahIM ke barAbara hotA hai| -viliyama jemsa, 'prayojanavAda', anu0 ( rAjasthAna hindI grantha akAdamI jayapura, 1972 ) / pRSTha 141 / 3. vahI, pRSTha 144 hat

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( 22 ) isa prakAra jemsa jainoM kI yaha yukti 'anantadharmakam vastu' ko caritArtha karate haiM / ve isameM tanika bhI saMdeha nahIM karate ki eka hI vastu kaise vibhinna 'dharmoM' se yukta ho sakatI hai| ve jainoM kI taraha apanI anekatattva - vastuvAdI (rIyalisTa plurijma) dhAraNA ke anusAra use anubhavaparaka mAnate haiM / punaH jaina- dArzanikoM ke syAdvAdI dhAraNA ke anukUla jemsa yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki eka hI sattA ke sambandha meM aneka vicAra ho sakate haiM, yadyapi ye vicAra dUsare se bhinna aura virodhI dIkha par3ate haiM / isa dRSTi se datta viSaya eka aisI sadigdha aura aspaSTa pUrNa vastu hotI hai jise hama apanI ruci, pariyojana aura icchA ke anukUla anekoM rUpoM meM vyakta kara sakate haiM / ataH jemsa ke anusAra sat pahale bhI se racita nahIM hotA, balki usakA sRjana svayaM vyakti apanI icchAnusAra karatA hai jo usake dRSTibheda para nirbhara karatA hai / " vyAvahArikatAvAdI DiyUI bhI yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki vyakti kI indriyAnubhUti meM jo vastu pratyakSa dIkha par3atI hai arthAt jitane sAre datta-viSaya haiM, unheM sat kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai / aise sat ke guNa usake vAstavika rUpa Adi hamArI indriyAnubhUti meM tatkSaNa dIkha par3ate haiM jaba hama unake samparka meM Ate haiM / jaina-ciMtakoM ke samAna Di-yUI yaha mAnate haiM ki sat aneka vizeSatAoM yA dharmoM kI bhU-samaSTi hai, jo prAyaH parivartanazIla hotA hai / " Di.yUI jainoM ke sat sambandhI trilakSaNa ( utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ) se sahamata haiM / isa dRSTi se Di-yUI use ghaTanA (iveMTsa) ke nAma se pukArate haiM, jo paramparAvAdI dravya kI kalpanA se bhinna nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai | ataH koI bhI vastu yA to sAdhAraNa Tebula, kursI, pustaka yA aise koI bhI sthUla padArtha ho, choTe yA virAT rUpa meM sabhI 1. datta DI0 ema0 'cIpha karenTsa Apha kanTemporarI philAsaphI', kalakattA yUnivarsiTI presa, 1961, pRSTha 225 jAna Di-yUI 'eksaperiensa eNDa necara', (openakorTa, zikAMgo, 1929 ) pRSTha 318

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( 23 ) arthapUrNa ghaTanAyeM haiM, arthAt ve kucha vizeSa guNa yA dharmoM ke saMgraha haiM aura vyakti, vAstava meM unheM inhIM dharmoM ke rUpa meM jAnatA hai|' __zIlara bhI sat kI vyAkhyA mAnavatAvAdI rUpa meM karate haiM, jo karIba-karIva jemsa ke vyAvahArikatAvAda kI vistRta vyAkhyA mAnI jA sakatI hai| sat hamArI saMvedanA kA viSaya hotA hai aura vaha hamAre mana tathA buddhi se saMbaddha rahakara dhyAna ko apanI ora AkRSTa karatA hai| zIlara yaha svIkara karate haiM ki sat kA jJAna apanI dRSTibheda para nirbhara karatA hai| kisI vastu vizeSa ko hama jisa dRSTi se dekhate haiM yA usakA pratyakSa bodha hameM hotA hai, vahI sat kA yathArtha svarUpa hameM mAnanA caahie| ataH aisA kahanA atizayokti nahIM hogI ki sat kA sRjana svayaM vyakti apanI ruci aura icchA se karatA hai / zIlara kA kahanA hai-yaha vizva Avazyaka rUpa se padArthamaya hai...', yaha vaisA hI dekhA jAtA hai, jaisA hama isakI racanA karate haiN| isakI paribhASA isake Arambhika rUpa meM denA, yA yaha hamase alaga hokara jo hai, usake dvArA denA nirarthaka hai, vaha vaisA hI hai jaisA ise hama banAte isa prakAra zIlara kA kahanA hai ki sat kA nirmAtA vyakti svayaM hai| sat jo pratyayavAdiyoM ke lie sanAtana, pUrNa-racita aura pUrNa hai, vaha vyAvahArikatAvAdiyoM ke anusAra abhI bhI sRjana ke hI pravRti meM hai aura apane svarUpa ke kucha bhAga kI pratyAzA ise bhaviSya se hai arthAt bhaviSya meM bhI isameM sUjana kI saMbhAvanA hai| zIlara ne apane isa vicAra ko vaiyaktika pratyayavAda ( parsanala AiDiyAlijma) kahA hai, jo nirapekSa pratyayavAda yA ugra vastuvAdI 1. vahI, pRSTha 320 2 epha0 sI0 eca0 zIlara--'sTaDIja ina hiyUmenijma' ( grInayuDa, 1922), pRSTha 483 3. 'parsanala AiDiyalijma' ( ATha dArzanikoM kI sammilita pustaka ) pRSTha 90 4. AI0 ema0 vocensakI-'kamTemporarI yUropiyana philAsaphI, anu0 DI0 . nikolena eNDa adarsa, (yUnivarsiTI oNpha kelirphAniyA~, landana, 1957 ), pRSTha 114

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( 24 ) vicAra se bhinna hai / kintu ise vRhad artha meM sAmAnya buddhi vastuvAda yA anubhavavAdI vicAra kahanA yathocita jAna par3atA hai, kyoMki yaha vyAvahArikatAvAdI dhAraNA ke viparIta nahIM dIkhatA / yaha saMsAra ko sArthaka siddha karane ke uddezya se jaina- dArzanikoM kI taraha mAnavabuddhi kI sRjanAtmaka kSamatA aura prayojanavAdI kriyA-zIlatA ko vizeSa mahattva detA hai, jaisA ki jaina- dArzanika bhI yaha vizvAsa karate haiM ki mAnava buddhi nirantara parivartanazIla hai aura usameM vikAsa kI kSamatA bhI hai, isake atirikta sat ke sambandha meM jo hamArI koI vizeSa dhAraNA hai, dUsarI dRSTi se dekhane para usameM aura bhI parivartana hote haiM / isa taraha sat ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM hamArA jJAna zanaiH zanaiH aura bhI vikasita hotA jAtA hai / [ 4 ] isa prakAra sat ke sambandha meM jaina- dArzanikoM kI anekAntavAdIdRSTi aura pAzcAtya vyAvahArikatA meM hama samatA dekhate haiM / kahane kA tAtparya hai ki sat ke sambandha meM donoM ke vicAroM meM hama adhika samatA pAte haiM / vastuoM ko donoM hI jJeya mAnate haiM aura donoM hI apanI ruci aura prayojana ke anusAra unheM dekhate hai aura unakA artha nirUpaNa karate haiM / arthAt anekAntavAdI yA syAdvAdI dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para hI usake sambandha meM koI nirNaya yA vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / vaha kisI vizeSa deza aura kAla se sImita rahatA hai, usakI satyatA sApekSa aura saMbhAvya hotI hai / ina bAtoM se spaSTa hai ki jisa prakAra jaina dArzanikoM kI dhAraNA satya ke sambandha meM hai, arthAt sabhI jJAna sApekSa hote haiM, vyAvahArikatAvAdI bhI isameM pUrNatayA sahamata haiN| aise satya jJAna ko ve vyAvahArika dRSTi se upayogI, kisI kArya sampAdana ke lie yaMtra, naitikatA kI dRSTi se zubha aura unnata aise kaI rUpoM meM vyakta karate haiM / pratyeka aise vicAra ke pIche yahI eka mAtra uddezya nihita hai ki hamArA jJAna, jo vizeSa dRSTi se upekSita rahatA hai aura jisakI satyatA usI dRSTi para Azrita hai, vaha usa prasaMga meM avazya satya hogA / saMkSepa meM jaina- dArzanikoM ke anekAntavAda aura pAzcAtya vyAvahArikatAvAda ina donoM kA uddezya mukhyataH satya ke sambandha meM yathArtha

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( 25 ) jJAna prApta kara apane vyAvahArika jIvana meM sudhAra aura parivartana lAnA aura usake anukUla kArya karanA hai / ataH vyAvahArikatAvAdI dRSTi aura anekAntavAda, jahAM taka mAnavatA ke utthAna kA prazna hai, eka dUsare se sahamata haiM / donoM meM moTe rUpa se antara jo hameM dIkha par3atA hai vaha yaha ki vyAvahArikatAvAdiyoM kA bala vizeSa rUpa se manuSya ke kriyAkalAnoM para hai aura vahI satya ke nirNAyaka bhI mAne jAte haiM, kyoMki jisa kArya sampAdana se saphalatA milatI hai vahI satya kA paricAyaka hai / kintu jaina darzana meM sat ke svarUpa kI parakha ke pazcAt hI kisI karma ke sampAdana kI bAta uThatI hai, jaisA ki hama naya kI vyAkhyA ke prasaMga meM dekhate haiM / sat ananta dharmAtmaka hai, isIlie use kisI vizeSa dRSTi se hI hama dekha sakate haiM aura aisI naya-dRSTi ke AdhAra para jo jJAna hameM prApta hotA hai use vizeSa kI apekSA se satya mAnate haiM / prophesara, darzana vibhAga jagajIvana kAleja, gayA (bihAra)

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bhAratIya rAjanIti meM jaina saMskRti kA yogadAna ___-indreza candra siMha prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRtiyoM meM jaina saMskRti kA eka viziSTa gauravapUrNa sthAna hai| isane janamAnasa meM AdhyAtmika jIvana-dRSTi kA bIjAropaNa kiyA hai| antaramaloM kA parizodhana hI jaina saMskRti kI sAdhanA tathA AtmapUrNatA aura Atma svAtantrya hI isakA caramalakSya hai| yaha jIvana ko pariSkRta aura parimArjita karane ke lie bhoga se tyAga kI ora, rAga se virAga kI ora, vikAra se saMskAra kI ora Age bar3hane kI satat preraNA detI hai| jaina saMskRti (sAdhanA) kA sAdhya mokSa rahA hai ataH usakI pratyeka pravRttiyoM meM tyAga aura vairAgya kI pradhAnatA honA svAbhAvika hai| usameM mukti kI prApti ke lie nivatti Avazyaka hai| pravRtti kA kArya Asrava evaM nivRtti kA kArya saMvara hai| Asrava saMsAra kI abhivRddhi kA kAraNa hai aura saMvara mokSa kA / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina saMskRti ne pravRtti ke parityAga aura nivRtti ko grahaNa karane kA saMdeza diyaa| jaina saMskRti ke AcArya adhyAtma ke protsAhaka rahe haiN| AdhyAtmika viSayoM para jitanA unhoMne likhA hai zAyada anya dArzanikoM ne nhiiN| unake dvArA likhe gaye gaMbhIra va talasparzI vivecanoM ko par3hakara pratibhAyukta vijJajanoM ke hRda-taMtrI ke sukumAra tAra sahaja hI jhaMkRta ho uThate ___ adhyAtma ke gaMbhIra vivecana ke sAtha hI jaina saMskRti ke santoM ne samAja aura rAjanaitika viSayoM para bhI lekhanI calAI hai| AcArya zrI hemacandra kI 'arhannIti' aura AcArya zrI somadeva ke 'nItivAkyAmRta' meM samAja-vyavasthA para vizad vivecana hai| yaha ThIka hai ki munimaryAdAoM meM Abaddha hone ke kAraNa unhoMne 'manusmRti' Adi kI taraha

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( 28 ) pravRtti mArga kA spaSTa vidhAna nahIM kiyA hai, yathApi jo ullekha kiye haiM ve mahattvapUrNa haiM / jaina saMskRti kA mUla srota usa kAla taka jAtA hai, jise hama prAgaitihAsika kAla ke nAma se jAnate haiM, tathApi Agama sAhitya ke Aloka meM aura paurANika uddharaNoM ke AdhAra se usa para cintana kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMskRti ke uSAkAla se hI rAjanIti kA sambandha jana-jIvana se rahA hai| prastuta avasarpiNI kAla ke tRtIya Are ke avasAna kAla meM jaba dhIre-dhIre yogalika sabhyatA kSINa hone lagI, janasaMkhyA kI vRddhi hone lagI aura kalpavRkSoM se AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti na hone lagI taba mAnava samAja meM paraspara saMgharSa hone lgaa| lUTa, khasoTa tathA saMgraha kI hIna manovRttiyAM panapane lgiiN| una pravRttiyoM para niyantraNa hetu hI kulavyavasthA kA vikAsa huA / kuloM kI suvyavasthA karane vAle ko 'kulakara' kI saMjJA pradAna kI gyii| __ sthAnAMga , samavAyAMga' aura Avazyakaniyukti ke anusAra-- 1-vimalavAhana, 2-cakSuSmAna, 3-yazasvI, 4- abhicandra, 5-prasena jit, 6-marudeva, aura 7-nAbhi ye sAta kulakara hue aura unake zAsanakAla meM hAkAra, mAkAra aura dhikkAra ina tIna daNDa-nItiyoM kA pravartana huaa| prathama aura dvitIya kulakara ke samaya hAkAranIti calI6 arthAthA! tUne yaha kyA kiyA ? tRtIya aura caturtha kulakara ke samaya hAkAra 1. sthAnAMgasUtra vRtti sU0 767 patra 528 2. vahI , , 767 patra 518 3. samavAyAMgasUtra-157 4. paDhamettha vimalavAhaNa, cakkhuma jasamaM cautthamabhicaMde / tatto ya paseNaie, marudeve ceva nAbhI ya / -Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA-152 5. hakkAre makkAre dhikkAre ceva dNddniitio| vocchaM tAsi visesaM, jahakkayaM AnupubbIe / -~-Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA-164 6. "ha" ityAdhikSepArthastasya karaNaM hakAraH __ ---sthAnAMgasUtravRtti pR0 399

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( 29 ) nIti ke asaphala hone para mAkAra nIti calI, 1 arthAt yaha mata karo aisI niSedhAjJA kA pravartana huA / pA~caveM, chaTheM aura sAtaveM kulakara ke samaya mAkAra nIti ke asaphala hone para, dhikkAra nIti kA prAdurbhAva huA / antima kulakara nAbhi ke putra zrI RSabhadeva hue ye prathama vaijJAnika evaM samAjazAstrI the / unhoMne samAja kI racanA kii| khAdya samasyA kA kRSi dvArA samAdhAna kiyA, kalAoM kA pravartana kiyA / yaugalikoM kI prArthanA se nAbhi ne rASTra ko suvyavasthA hetu zrI RSabhadeva ko 'rAjA' ghoSita kiyaa| ye sarvaprathama rAjA hue aura zeSa janatA prajA huii| unhoMne rAjya ko surakSA ke lie maMtrimaNDala banAyA / nAgarika jIvana kI vyavasthA ke lie ArakSaka dala kI sthApanA kI / " rAjyazakti kI abhivRddhi evaM saMrakSaNArtha caturaMga senA va senApatiyoM kI vyavasthA kI / sAma, dAma, daNDa aura bhedanIti kA pracalana kiyA / parimANa ( kucha samaya ke lie AkrozapUrNa zabdoM 1. sthAnAGgasUtrabRtti - pR0 399 / 2. vahI 3. nAbhistvajanayatputraM mamadeyAM mahAchatiH / RSabhaM pArthivazreSThaM sarvakSatrasya pUrvajam // 1 -- vAyumahApurANa - pUrvArdha 50, a. 33 4. usayei vA paDhama rAyA / - - kalpasUtra sU0 194, pR0 57 tathA dekhie OM kAra iva maMtrANAM nRpANAM prathamo nRpaH / apatyAni nijAnIva, pAlayAmAsa sa prajAH // - triSaSThizalAkApuruSa 1 / 2 / 925 5. Avazyakaniryukti gAthA 198 6. triSaSThizalAkApuruSacaritra 1 / 2 / 925 932 7. svAmI sAmadAmabhedadaNDopAyacatuSTayam / jagadvayavasthA nagarIcatuSpathamakalpayat 11 - triSaSThizalAkApuruSa 1 / 2 / 959 tathA dekhie- gItio-usabhasAmimmi caiva uppannAo / - AvazyakacUrNa, pR0 156

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( 30 ) se aparAdhI vyakti ko daNDita karanA) aura maMDala - baMdha ( sImita kSetra meM rahane kA daNDa denA) ye do daNDa nItiyA~ prArambha kIM / " isa prakAra RSabhadeva ne rAjya kI suvyavasthA ke lie tathA prajA ke hita ke lie jina niyamopaniyamoM kI AvazyakatA thI, una sabakA nirmANa kara rAjya kA saMcAlana kiyaa| unake rAjya meM prajA atyaMta sukhI thI / isa prakAra jaina saMskRti meM zAsanataMtra aura rAjanIti kA prAdurbhAva dharma-nIti se bhI pUrva huA / RSabhadeva ne apane jyeSTha putra bharata ko rAjya kA uttarAdhikArI banAkara pravajyA lii| yaha eka aitihAsika tathya hai ki samrATa bharata ke nAma se hI isa deza kA nAma bhAratavarSaM par3A / " samrATa bharata jaina saMskRti ke parama upAsaka the / unhoMne apane pitA dvArA prApta rAjyazrI kA atyadhika vistAra kiyA aura cakravartI samrATa bane / parimANa aura maNDala-bandha ke atirikta cAraka ( bandIgRha ) aura chaviccheda (karAdi aMgopAMgoM kA chedana) - ye do daNDa samrATa bharata ne prArambha kiye| ina daNDa nItiyoM kA uddezya bhI mAnava jIvana meM sukha aura zAnti kA saMcAra karanA hI thA / 1. AdyadvayamRSabhakAle anye tu bharatakAle ityanye / 2. kalpasUtra sU0 195, pR0 57 3. zrImadbhAgavata 5 / 4 / 18 pR0 558-559 4. jambUdvIpaprajJapti-sUtra 36, pR0 77 tathA dekhie -- zrImadbhAgavata 5|5|28|563 5. tattha bharaho bharahavAsa cUDAmaNi / tasseva nAmeNa ihaM bhArahavAsaM ti pavvucati / - vasudeva hiNDI prathamakhaNDa pR0 186 tathA dekhie - ajanAbhaM nAmaitadvarSa bhAratamiti yata Aramya vyapadizanti / - bhAgavata 5 / 713 pR0 569 sthAnAMgavRtti 7 / 3 / 557 6. jambUdvIpaprajJapti sUtra, 'bharatAdhikAra' | 7. parihAsaNA u par3hamA, maMDalibaMdho u hoi bIyA u / cAragachavicheyAI, bharahassa cauvvihA nIti || --AvazyakabhASya-gA0 3 tathA - Avazyakaniyukti, malayagiri vRtti, patra saM0 237

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( 31 ) samrATa bharata ke pazcAt sagara, maghava, sanatkumAra, zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha, aranAtha, subhUma, mahApana, hariSeNa, jaya, brahmadatta-ye gyAraha cakravartI aura hue| ye sabhI jaina saMskRti ke upAsaka the / tIna khaNDa ke adhipati vAsudeva aura baladeva bhI jaina saMskRti ke hI anuyAyI the| jaina saMskRti ke anuyAyI hone se ahiMsA kI ora unakA sahaja AkarSaNa thaa| ___Adhunika aitihAsika anveSaNoM se yaha bAta spaSTa hotI jA rahI hai ki kisI yuga meM uttarI kSetroM se bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM Arya loga bhArata varSa meM Aye / unake Agamana ke pUrva yahA~ eka samunnata saMskRti aura sabhyatA vidyamAna thii|2 vaha saMskRti ahiMsA, satya aura tyAga para Azrita thii| yahA~ taka ki usa saMskRti ke loga apane sAmAjika, va dhArmika hitoM ke saMrakSaNa ke lie yuddha karanA pasanda nahIM karate the| ahiMsA para unakI pUrNa niSThA thI aura vaha unake jIvana vyavahAra kA pramukha aMga thii|3 bhautika dRSTi se bhI unakA jIvana pUrNa samRddha thaa| dharmAnanda kosambI ke abhimatAnusAra jo Arya loga bAhara se Aye the, unakI saMskRti lokaSaNA-pradhAna thI / AtmA, punarjanma, mokSa, ahiMsA, satya, tyAga Adi siddhAnta ve nahIM mAnate the| hiMsA-pradhAna yajJoM meM tathA bhautika padArthoM (kI upalabdhi) meM unakI (gahana) niSThA thii| ataH unake Agamana ke pUrva jo zramaNa saMskRti vidyamAna thI, usake sAtha unakA saMgharSa huaa| vAsudeva, zrIkRSNa zramaNa-saskRti ke upAsaka the| unheM yaha navAgata saMskRti mAnya nahIM thI, ataH AryoM ke adhinAyaka indra ke sAtha unake saMgharSa hote rhe| 1. bharaho sagaro maghavaM, saNaMkumAro ya rAyasadlo / saMtI kuyU ya aro, havai subhUmo ya kaurvvo|| navamo ya mahApauyo, hariseNe ceva rAyasadlo / jayanAmo ya naravaI, bAramo baMbhadatto ya / / -samavAyAMgasUtra, 48-49 2. cakravartI, e0-di rilIjana Apha ahiMsA pR0 17 3. bhAratIya saMskRti aura ahiMsA-pR0 57 4. vahI

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( 32 ) / chAndogya upaniSad ke anusAra zrIkRSNa ghora AMgirasa RSi ke anuyAyI the / ghora AMgirasa ne vAsudeva kRSNa ko Atma-yajJa kI zikSA pradAna kI thI / usa yajJa kI dakSiNA tapazcaryA, dAna, RjubhAva, ahiMsA tathA satyavacanarUpa thI / ' bidvAnoM kA yaha mantavya hai ki ghora AMgirasa bhagavAn zrI neminAtha kA hI nAma honA cAhie / ' 'ghora' zabda bhI jaina zramaNoM ke AcAra aura tapasyA kA pratirUpaka hai / " jaina saMskRti ke upAsaka hone ke nAte unakI rAjanIti bhI ahiMsA pradhAna thI / mahAbhArata ke pralayakArI yuddha ko rokane ke lie zrIkRSNa ne jo prayatna kiyA, vaha itihAsa ke pRSThoM para svarNAkSaroM meM aMkita hai / zrIkRSNa pANDavoM ke adhikAra ko lekara sandhi karane hetu hastinApura gaye aura unhoMne vahA~ dhRtarASTra kI sabhA meM apane Ane ke uddezya para prakAza DAlate hue kahA - kauravoM aura pANDavoM meM binA vIroM kA nAza kiye hI zAnti sthApita ho jAya yahI prArthanA karane AyA huuN|* isa para dhRtarASTra ne kahA- he kRSNa ! maiM saba samajhatA hU~ para tuma duryodhana ko samajhA sako to prayatna karo / kRSNa ne duryodhana se kahAhe tAta ! zAnti se hI tumhArA aura jagat kA kalyANa hogA / " yaha sarvavidita hai ki kRSNa ko prayatna karane para bhI saphalatA nahIM milI ? phira bhI unake isa prayatna kI prazastatA to mahAna thI hI / sabhI jaina tIrthaMGkara kSatriya rAjyavaMza meM hI utpanna hue the / ataeva unakA rAjyavaMza ke sAtha prArambha se hI ghaniSTha sambandha rahA hai / rAjA loga bhI rAjya kI suvyavasthA ke lie jaina saMskRti se preraNA prApta 1. ataH yat tapodAnamArjavama hiMsAsatyavacanamiti tA asya dakSiNA -- chAndogya upaniSad 3 | 17|4 ghorabaMbhaceravAsI / - bhagavatI 1 / 1 2. ghoratave ghore, ghoraguNe ghora tavassI, 3. kalpasUtra, vivaraNa, pR0 262 (saM0 devendramuni zAstrI ) 4. zame zarmaM bhavettAta ! - mahAbhArata, udyogaparva 124|19 5. AvazyakacUrNi uttarArddha, pR0 164 / dekhie - trizaSTizalAkApuruSacarita 10-6-188

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karate rhe| bhagavAn mahAvIra jainadharma ke antima tIrthaGkara the| tatkAlIna aThAraha dezoM ke gaNarAjya ke adhyakSa mahArAjA ceTaka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke parama upAsaka the| ve prabala parAkramI aura rAjanItivizArada the| magadhAdhipati zreNika bhI bhagavAn ke paramabhakta the / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ahiMsA upadeza se utprerita hokara vaha apane rAjya meM 'amArIpaDaha' bajavAtA hai arthAt ghoSaNA karavAtA hai ki rAjya meM koI pazu-vadha na kare / 2 kamboja, pAMcAla, kozala, kAzI, vatsa, zrAvastI, vaizAlI, magadha, baMga, kuzasthala, aMga, ghana, kaTaka, Andhra, kaliMga, avantI, sindhusauvIra Adi ke rAjA bhI mahAvIra ke anuyAyI the| nau malla aura nau licchavI rAjA bhI mahAvIra ke ananya upAsaka the| ve bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke samaya vahIM upasthita the| usa samaya jaina saMskRti kA bhAratIya rAjanIti para gaharA prabhutva thaa| usake pazcAt samrATa candragupta, samrATa samprati, samrATa khAravela gurjara nareza jayasiMha aura kumArapAla jaina saMskRti ke parama upAsaka rahe haiN| unhoMne apane rAjya meM ahiMsA siddhAnta kA pracAra kiyA thaa| itihAsa kI prAraMbhika kakSAoM meM hI yaha par3hAyA jAtA hai ki vaha yuga (guptakAla) bhAratIya itihAsa kA svarNayuga thaa| purAtattvavettA pI0 sI0 rAyacaudharI ke zabdoM meM kahA jAya to----"zreNika, kaNika, candragupta, samprati,khAravela tathA anya rAjAoM ne jainadharma ko apnaayaa| ve zatAbdiyA~ bhArata ke hindU-zAsana ke vaibhavapUrNa yuga the aura unhIM yugoM meM jainadharma jaisA mahAn dharma pracArita huaa| bAdazAha akabara bhI prasiddha jainAcArya zrI hIravijayasUri se prabhAvita hue the| amerikI dArzanika vilaDyUrenTa ne likhA hai'akabara ne jainiyoM ke kahane se zikAra chor3a diyA thA aura kucha niyata tithiyoM para pazu-hatyAeM roka dI thiiN| jaina dharma ke prabhAva se akabara ne apane dvArA pracArita dIna-ilAhI nAmaka sampradAya meM mAMsa bhakSaNa kA niSedha rakhA thaa|4 atIta kA itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki 1. upAsakadazAMga sUtra a0 8 2. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 10-13-248 3. jainabhAratI, varSa 6, aGka 41, pR0 667 4. OUR ORIENTAL HERITAGE, Page-467-471

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( 34 ) jaba taka rAjanIti jaina saMskRti kI pRSTha bhUmi para apanA vikAsa karatI rahI taba taka vaha samatva-pradhAna rahI / usameM caritramUlaka saurabha aura sAdhanA kA saundarya parivyApta thA / mAnavatA kA navanirmANa karanA hI usakA lakSya thA / naitikatA ke ucca dharAtala para rASTra ko pratiSThita karanA usakA kArya thA / usakI yaha dRr3ha dhAraNA thI ki cAritrika naitikatA aura vyavahAra-zuddhi hI rASTra kI amUlya nidhi hai / yaha kahanA nitAnta bhrAmaka hai ki jaina saMskRti ke ahiMsAmUlaka siddhAntoM ne bhArata ko kAyara banA diyA aura paratantratA kI ber3iyoM meM jakar3a diyA / ahiMsaka kabhI kAyara nahI hotA / jaina saMskRti ke upAsaka samrAToM, maMtriyoM, daNDanAyakoM aura anya adhikAriyoM ke jIvanavRtta isa bAta ke prabala pramANa haiM ki ve kitane vIra, sAhasI aura yoddhA the / unhoMne deza ko AjAda aura AbAda rakhane ke lie mahAna puruSArtha kiyA / kAyaratA aura parataMtratA kA udaya taba huA jaba hiMsA kA utkarSa huA, naitika paramparAyeM dhUmila huI, rAjanIti jaina saMskRti kI sahacArI nahIM rahI aura vaha svArthI purohitoM ke prapaMcoM se prabhAvita ho gaI / antataH maiM yaha kahane ke lobha kA saMvaraNa nahIM kara pA rahA hU~ ki jaba taka bhAratIya rAjanIti jaina saMskRti para Azrita rahI, taba taka vaha gulAba ke puSpa kI bhAMti cAritrikasaurabha se suvAsita rahI / zodha sahAyaka, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI

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AcArtha haribhadra kA yoga darzana (zodha-prabaMdha-sAra ) -dhanaMjaya mizra bhAratavarSa meM prAcIna kAla se hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa hetu yogasAdhanA kI paramparA avicchinna rUpa se pravAhita hotI A rahI hai / yadyapi deza, kAla aura paristhitiyoM ke anusAra sAdhanA kI prakriyA meM parivartana, parivardhana evaM saMzodhana hote rahe haiM, tathApi yoga kI mUla avadhAraNA meM AmUla parivartana nahIM huA hai| jaina yoga kI paramparA bhI isakA apavAda nahIM hai| yadyapi jaina yoga paramparA kI apanI viziSTatA hai / jaina yoga ko viziSTa svarUpa pradAna karane vAle AcAryoM meM mahattarA yAkinIsanu haribhadra sUri agragaNya haiN| aneka vidvAnoM ne jaina yoga para zodha kArya kiyA jisake phalasvarUpa kucha svatantra samIkSAtmaka grantha bhI prakAza meM Aye; inameM 1. AcArya AtmArAma jI kRta 'jainayoga' siddhAnta aura sAdhanA, 2. muni nathamala jI kRta jaina yoga, 3. DA0 ahaMdAsa baMDobA dige likhita 'jainayogakAAlocanAtmaka adhyayana' Adi vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| parantu viSaya kI vyApakatA ke kAraNa ukta granthoM meM AcArya haribhadra dvArA pratipAdita jaina yoga kI avadhAraNA kA samagratA ke sAtha prastutikaraNa nahIM ho sakA hai| ataH haribhadra ke yoga-viSayaka sAhitya kA sAMgopAMga samIkSAtmaka vivecana prastuta karanA merA abhISTha rahA hai| isa hetu zodha nibandha meM haribhadra ke yoga-viSayaka granthoM ko AdhAra banAkara jaina yoga ke kSetra meM inake avadAna ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| isa zodha prabandha ke prathama adhyAya meM yoga zabda ke vibhinna arthoM para vicAra karate hue sAmAnya rUpa se jaina paramparA dvArA evaM vizeSa rUpa se haribhadra dvArA yoga zabda ko kina-kina arthoM meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai isa para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| sabase pahale yoga zabda Rgveda meM prApta hotA hai,' jahA~ isakA artha jor3anA, milAnA athavA saMyoga 1. Rgveda-10-167-1, zatapathabrAhmaNa-14-8-11 . . ankoart. w Tra ersamaadima F

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karanA hai / jabaki upaniSadoM meM yahI zabda dhyAna, tapa aura samAdhi ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| jaina paramparA meM yoga zabda sarvaprathama mana, vANI aura zarIra kI gatividhiyoM ke artha meM AyA hai| prAcIna Agama granthoM aura tattvArthasutra meM isakA yahI artha milatA hai| ise bandhana kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai / ataH AgamoM meM jaina sAdhanA kA lakSya yoga nirodha mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi isa dRSTi se jaina paramparA bhI citta vRtti nirodha kI samarthaka hai, kintu isameM vRtti nirodha ko yoga na batalAkara vRtti ko hI yoga kahA gayA hai| ataH artha meM maulika bheda hote hue bhI sAdhanA ke lakSya meM koI bheda nahIM hai| apane vRttiparaka artha ke sAtha-sAtha yoga zabda kA saMyamaparaka artha meM prayoga bhI jainAgamoM meM milatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM 'jogavaM sthAnAMgasUtra, meM 'jogavAhI' zabda samAdhi meM sthita anAsakta puruSoM ke lie prayukta huA hai| AcArya haribhadra ne apanI samanvayavAdI dRSTi ke AdhAra para una sabhI sAdhanoM ko 'yoga' kahA hai jinase AtmA kI vizuddhi hotI hai, karma mala kA nAza hotA hai aura AtmA kA mokSa ke sAtha saMyoga hotA hai| isa prakAra haribhadra ne yoga ko bandhana kA kAraNa nahIM apitu mukti kA sAdhana mAnA hai| isake atirikta isa adhyAya meM AcArya haribhadra ke jIvana darzana aura yoga ke kSetra meM unake avadAna kI carcA bhI kI gayI hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM AcArya haribhadra ke yoga sambandhI nimna granthoM kA vistRta vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / 1. yogabindu prastuta granthameM 527 zloka haiM / isa grantha meM sarvaprathama yoga ke adhikArI kI carcA kI gayI hai| jisa jIva ne mithyAtva rUpI granthi kA bhedana kara liyA hai use hI isa graMtha meM yoga-sAdhanA kA adhikArI mAnA gayA hai| yoga ke adhikArI jIvoM ko AcArya ne cAra bhAgoM meM bA~TA hai1. taittarIyopaniSad-214, chAndogyaupaniSad, 7 / 6 / 1, ktthopnissd-1|2|12 2. sUtrakRtAMga, prathama zrutaskandha, adhyayana 2, uddezaka 1, gAthA-11 3. sthAnAMgasUtra, 10 4. yogavizikA pA0-sU0-2

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( 37 ) (ka) apunarbandhaka- jo jIva abhyAsa dvArA uttarottara guNoM kA vikAsa karatA jAtA hai vaha apunarbandhaka hotA hai| (kha) samyaka dRSTi -jisa jIva meM prazama bhAva arthAt zAnta-citta vRtti kA vizeSa rUpa se prakarana ho jAtA hai use samyak dRSTi kahA jAtA hai / (ga) dezavirati -jaba jIva ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, svapatni santoSa aura aparigraharUpI aNuvratoM, guNavatoM tathA zikSAvratoM kA pAlana karane lagatA hai taba usakI sthiti dezavirati kI ho jAtI hai| (gha) sarvavirati-yahA~ pahuMca kara jIva hiMsA, asatya, cauryakarma, kAmavAsanA aura parigraha Adi sabhI pApoM kA pUrNarUpa se tyAga kara letA hai aura AtmA meM lIna rahatA hai / / ___isake sAtha hI cAritra ke varNana meM yoga kI pAMca bhUmikAeM varNita (ka) AdhyAtma-yathAzakti aNuvrata yA mahAvrata ko svIkAra karake maitrI, pramoda, karUNa evaM madhyastha bhAvanA pUrvaka Agama ke anusAra Atma-cintana karanA AdhyAtma sAdhanA hai| (kha) bhAvanA-AdhyAtmika sajagatA kA satat abhyAsa karanA bhAvanA hai| (ga) dhyAna-Atma sajagatA kA vikAsa karake citta ko kisI eka padArtha para sthira karanA 'dhyAna' hai| (gha) samatA- saMsAra ke sabhI padArthoM para taTastha bhAva rakhanA 'samatA' hai| (ca) vRtti-saMkSaya - bhAvanA, dhyAna tathA samata ke abhyAsa se vRtti saMkSaya udbhAvita hotA hai| 2. yogaSTisamuccaya prastuta prantha 228 zlokoM kA hai| isameM yoga ke adhikAriyoM ko tIna vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| prathama vibhAga meM ATha yoga dRSTiyoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ye dRSTiyAM nimna haiM

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( 38 ) (1) mitrA dRSTi -- yaha yoga kI prathama dRSTi hai / isa dRSTi meM sAdhaka samasta jagat ko mitra bhAva se dekhatA hai / (2) tArA-dRSTi - tArA-dRSTi meM bodha mitrA dRSTi kI apekSA kucha spaSTa hotA hai / (3) balA- dRSTi - balA dRSTi A jAne para sAdhaka ke jIvana meM utAvalApana kama ho jAtA hai, aura sthiratA bar3ha jAtI hai / (4) doprA - dRSTi - isa dRSTi meM sAdhaka kA mana itanA pavitra hotA hai ki vaha dharma ko prANoM se bhI bar3ha kara mAnatA hai / (5) sthirA - dRSTi - isameM samyak darzana se patana nahIM hotA hai / isameM sAdhaka jo bhI kriyA-kalApa karatA hai vaha bhrAMtirahita, nirdoSa evaM sUkSmabodha yukta hotA hai / (6) kAntA -dRSTi - isa dRSTi meM yogo dharma ko sAdhanA tathA AcArya kI samyak vizuddhi ke kAraNa sabhI prANiyoM kA priya hotA hai / (7) prabhA - dRSTi - prabhA dRSTi prAyaH dhyAna priya hai / rAga, dveSa, moharUpI, tridoSajanyaroga yahAM bAdhA nahIM dete / (8) parA-dRSTi- parA dRSTi samAdhiniSTha hotI hai / isameM citta sadha jAtA hai, citta meM kisI prakAra kI pravRtti kI icchA, kAmanA yA vAsanA nahIM rahatI hai / dvitIya vibhAga meM 'yoga' ko tIna bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai (1) icchA yoga - dharma sAdhanA meM icchA rakhane vAle sAdhaka meM jo vikala dharma yoga hai, use icchAyoga kahA gayA hai / (2) zAstrayoga - yathA zakti, pramAdarahita, bodhayukta puruSa kI zAstra ke (Agama ) ke prati niSThA ko zAstra yoga kahA jAtA hai ! (3) sAmarthya yoga - jo zAstra maryAdA se bhI Upara uThA huA ho use sAmarthya yoga kahA gayA hai / tRtIya vibhAga meM yogI ko cAra bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai-- (1) gotra yogI -- aise yogiyoM meM supAtratA nahIM hotI / sAdhana sahaja hI prApta hone para bhI vaha yama-niyama kA pAlana nahIM karatA, usakI pravRtti saMsArAbhimukha hotI hai / ataH aisA manuSya yoga sAdhanA kA adhikArI nahIM hai /

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/ 39 ) (2) kula yogI-aise yogI kisI se bhI dveSa nahIM rakhate, deva, guru, dharma Adi unheM svabhAva se hI priya hote haiM, tathA ye dayAlu, vinamra, prabuddha aura jitendriya kahalAte haiM, kula yoga ke adhikArI hote haiN| (3) pravRtticakra yogI-jina manuSyoM ke kisI bhI aMga se yoga cakra kA sparza ho jAtA hai, ve yoga meM pravRtta ho jAte haiM, unheM pravRtti cakra yogI kahA jAtA hai| (4) siddha yogI aise yogI apanI yoga sAdhanA se siddhi ko prApta kara cuke hote haiN| ataH inheM yoga sAdhanA kI AvazyakatA nahIM raha jAtI hai| 3. yogazataka isameM 101 gAthAe~ haiM, prArambha meM yoga ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai jo do prakAra kA hai (1) nizcaya yoga-samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana aura samyaka cAritra ke AtmA ke sAtha sambandha ko nizcaya yoga kahA gayA hai| kyoMki yahI AtmA ko mokSa se jor3atA hai isIlie usakI saMjJA nizcaya yoga hai| (2) vyavahAra yoga-dharmazAstroM meM batAI gaI vidhi ke anurUpa gurujanoM kA vinaya, sevA unase tattvajJAna sunane kI utkaMThA tathA apanI kSamatA ke anurUpa zAstravihita AcaraNa karanA hI vyavahAra yoga hai| __yoga ke adhikArI tathA anAdhikArI ke prazna ko isameM yogabindu kI hI bhA~ti nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| yoga adhikAra prApti ke lie sAdhaka ko taiyArI karanI par3atI hai| prathamAdhikArI 'apunarbandhaka' ke lie para-pIr3A parihAra, dIdAna, guru evaM devapUjA, satkAra ityAdi laukika dharma pAlana kI carcA kI gayI hai| karmoM kI avadhi tathA phala dene kI zakti kaSAya kI tIvratA para nirbhara karatI hai| kaSAya jitanA tIvra hogA phala utanA hI kaTu hogA / apunarbandhaka kArya ko isa rUpa meM sampAdita karatA hai ki ve puna: bandhana ke kAraNa nahIM banate haiN|

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4. yogavizikA * ( 40 ) isameM 20 gAthAe~ haiM / isameM dharma sAdhanA ke lie kI jAne vAlI Avazyaka dharma kriyA ko yoga kahA gayA hai / isakI pAMca bhUmikAe~ batAyI gayI haiN| " (1) sthAna - kAyotsargAsana, paryakAsana, padmAsana Adi AsanoM sthAna kahA hai / (2) UrNa - kriyA karate samaya jisa sUtra ( mantra ) kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai use UrNa kahate haiM / (3) artha - sUtra ke artha kA bodha honA artha hai / (4) Alambana - bAhya viSayoM para dhyAna kendrita karanA Alambana yoga hai / (5) anAlambana- - Alambana kiye binA zuddha AtmA kI samAdhi ko anAlambana kahA gayA hai / isameM prathama do ko karmayoga aura antima tIna bhedoM ko jJAnayoga kahA gayA hai / 5. brahma - siddhAMta - sAra yaha 423 padyoM meM racita saMskRta racanA hai / isa grantha meM sarvadarzanoM kA samanvaya hai / SoDazakaprakaraNa meM jijJAsA, advaita Adi ATha aMgoM kA jaisA ullekha hai vaisA unake zloka 35 meM hai, yogadRSTi samuccaya meM jaisA icchAyoga, zAstrayoga, sAmarthyayoga kA jo nirUpaNa hai vaisA hI zloka 188-191 meM hai / zloka 54 meM apunarbandhaka kA ullekha yogasamuccaya jaisA hai / 1 6. SoDazaka ita grantha meM kula 257 gAthAe~ haiM / isameM dharma ke Antarika svarUpa kakSA, dezanA, lakSaNa, mandira nirmANa ityAdi viSayoM kA saMkSipta vivecana hai / isameM pratyeka viSaya para 16 - 16 gAthAe~ haiM / 1. yogavizikA TIkA-3 2. jaina sAhitya kA bRhaitihAsa, bhAga - 4, pR0 237 3. bahI 4. zAstravArtAsamuccaya aura usakI vyAkhyA, prastAvanA le0 muni jayasundara vijaya, pR0 9

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( 41 ) tRtIya adhyAya meM haribhadra ke pUrva aura pazcAt ke pramukha yoga granthoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai, jisase haribhadra ke yoga ke vikAsa krama ko samajhA jA sake / jaina paramparA ke mUla grantha Agama haiM / usameM pAMca mahAvrata, samiti, gupti, tapa, dhyAna, svAdhyAya ko zramaNa sAdhanA kA prANa mAnA gayA hai / jaina AgamoM meM eka-do sandarbho ko chor3akara sAmAnyatayA yoga zabda samAdhi yA sAdhanA ke artha meM prayukta nahIM huA hai| vahAM yoga kA artha hai mana vacana aura kAya (zarIra) kI pravRtti / jaina AgamoM meM yoga sAdhanA ke artha meM dhyAna zabda kA prayoga huA hai| dhyAna kA artha hai apane yogoM (vRttiyoM) ko AtmA meM kendrita krnaa| jaina paramparA meM dhyAna ke sAtha sAtha hI Asana aura prANAyAma kA bhI ullekha AtA hai kyoMki isa prakriyA se zarIra ko kucha dera sAdhA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi jaina AgamoM meM Asana aura prANAyAma para adhika bala nahIM diyA gayA hai| Agama granthoM meM dhyAna ke lakSaNa, bheda, prabheda, Alambana Adi kA varNana hai|' prAcIna niyuktiyoM meM bhI AgamoM meM varNita dhyAna kA hI spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gyaahai| AcArya umAsvAti (vikrama kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI) kRta tattvArthasUtra meM bhI dhyAna kA jo varNana hai vaha AgamoM se bhinna nahIM hai| bhadrabAha (vikrama kI cauthI-pAMcavIM zatAbdI) kRta Avazyakaniyukti meM bhI dhyAna kA varNana milatA hai / jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa (chaThIM zatAbdI) racita dhyAna-zataka bhI Agama zailI meM hI likhA gayA hai| Agama yuga se lekara yahAM taka yogaviSayaka varNana meM Agama zailI kI hI pradhAnatA rahI hai| parantu AcArya haribhadra (8vIM zatAbdI) ne paramparA se calI A rahI varNanazailI ko paristhiti ke anurUpa eka nayA rUpa diyaa| jaina paramparA meM yoga zabda kA pAtaMjala yogadarzana sammata artha meM sarvaprathama prayoga AcArya haribhadra ne kiyaa| AcArya 1. sthAnAMgasUtra-4,1, samavAyAMgasUtra-4, bhgvtiisuutr-25|7, uttarA dhyayanasUtra 30 // 35 / 2. Avazyakaniyukti, kAryotsarga adhyayana, 1462-86 3. tttvaarthsuutr-9|27 4. haribhadrIyaAvazyakavRtti, pR0 581

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( 42 ) haribhadra kI vizeSatA yaha thI ki unakA yoga vargIkaraNa maulika thaa| isa rUpa meM vaha na to AgamoM meM milatA hai aura na hI anya yoga paramparAoM se udhAra liyA gayA hai| AcArya haribhadra ne apane yoga viSayaka sabhI granthoM meM una saba sAdhanoM ko yoga kahA hai jinase AtmA kI vizuddhi hotI hai, karma-mala kA nAza hotA hai aura AtmA kA mokSa ke sAtha saMyoga hotA hai / ' AcArya haribhadra ke bAda AcArya hemacandra 12vIM zatAbdI ke prakhyAta jaina AcArya hue haiM, inakI racanA yoga zAstra meM haTha-yoga tathA aSTAMga-yoga kA prabhAva dikhAyI detA hai / munisundara sUri (15vIM zatI) kRta AdhyAtmakalpadruma meM 16 adhikAroM kI carcA kI gayI hai jisameM yogiyoM ke ApekSita sAmagrI kI carcA hai sAtha hI haribhadra kRta cAra bhAvanAoM kA bhI varNana hai / yazovijaya ( 18vIM zatAbdI) kRta yogaparaka grantha-- (1) AdhyAtmasAra-isameM gItA evaM pAtaMjalayogasUtra ke viSayoM kA samanvayAtmaka vivecana hai| (2) AdhyAtmopaniSad-isameM zAstra-yoga, jJAna-yoga, kriyA-yoga aura sAmya-yoga para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| (3) yogAvatAra battIsI-isameM AcArya haribhadra ke yoga granthoM kI hI vistRta vyAkhyA hai| (4) pAtaMjala yogasUtra evaM yogavizikA-yogaviMzikA meM yogasUtragata samAdhi kI tulanA jaina dhyAna se kI gaI hai / (5) yogadRSTinI sajjhAyamAlA-isameM yogadRSTisamuccaya meM pratipAdita ATha dRSTiyoM kA hI samyak vivecana kiyA gayA hai / sAtha hI haribhadrakRta yogaviMzikA aura SoDazaka kI TIkA bhI inhoMne likhe hai / vAstava meM AcArya haribhadra kI samanvayAtmaka dRSTi ko inhoMne Age bar3hAyA hai / 2 ina para haribhadra kA sarvAdhika prabhAva hai| isake atirikta digambara paramparA ke aneka AcAryoM ne bhI yoga grantha-viSayaka likhe haiM 1. 'mokkheNa joyaNAoM jogo'--yogavizikA gAthA-1 2. jainayoganantha catuSTaya-sampAdaka --chAganalAla zAstrI, pR0 74 /

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( 43 ) (1) AcArya kundakunda (vikrama kI pAMcavIM-chaThI zatAbdI) kRta 'samAdhi-tantra' meM dhyAna tathA bhAvanA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| (2) pUjyapAda devanandi (5vIM 6ThIM zatAbdI) kRta 'samAdhitantra' / (3) AcArya jinasena (9vIM zatAbdI) kRta 'mahApurANa' / (4) AcArya zubhacandra (11vIM zatAbdI) kRta 'jJAnArNava' / (5) AcArya rAmasena (11vIM zatAbdI) kRta 'tttvaanushaasn'| (6) AcArya somadevasUri (vikrama kI 11vIM zatI) kRta 'yogsaar'| (7) vinayavijaya jI (18vIM zatI) kRta 'shaantsudhaars'|| isake atirikta AzAdhara jI kRta 'AdhyAtma-rahasya' bhI hai| inameM zubhacandra para haribhadra kA prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai| anta meM yaha kaha sakate haiM ki AcArya haribhadra kI yoga paramparA ko jina AcAryoM ne Age bar3hAyA unameM pramukha AcArya 'hemacandra', 'zubhacandra' aura upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI haiM / ' ___sAtha hI isa adhyAyameM hamane haribhadra kI samatva yoga, yoga sAdhanA aura mana tathA mana ke sthirIkaraNa ke upAya para prakAza DAlA hai| caturtha adhyAya meM haribhadra kI yoga dRSTiyA~ aura unakI pAtaMjala kRta aSTAMga-yoga (yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma) se unakI samAnatA Adi kA vistRta vivecana hai, sAtha hI donoM dRSTiyoM meM kyA sambandha hai yaha batAne kA prayAsa bhI kiyA gayA hai / / __pA~caveM adhyAya meM yoga sAdhanA kI bhUmikA meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jaina darzanAnusAra ratnatraya arthAt samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyak cAritra ko mokSa kA kAraNabhUta mAnA gayA hai| ataH yoga ke lie cAritra AdhArastambha hai| isakI vivecanA tathA cAritra kI dRr3hatA ke lie jaina darzana meM vibhinna vratoM-kriyAoM Adi kA vidhAna hai jisameM tapa, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhyAna Adi pramukha haiM, ye sabhI cAritra hI haiN| sAtha hI jaina AcAra kI haribhadra AcAra se tulanAharibhadra ne cAritrazIla ke cAra lakSaNoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai2. lekha-'yogaparamparA meM AcArya haribhadra kA yogadAna" lekhikA-----ku0 aruNAAnanda, pR0 12 /

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( 44 ) 1. apunarbandhaka, 2. samyagdRSTi, 3. dezavirati, 4. sarvavirati / chaThaveM adhyAya meM yoga aura sAdhanA ke antargata zrAvakAcAra viSayaka niyamoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jisameM aNuvrata, rAtribhojana guNavata, zikSAvata, pratimAeM evaM satkarmoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / sAtaveM adhyAya meM haribhadra dvArA pratipAdita AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA vivecana hai| antima adhyAya meM AcArya haribhadra kA yoga ke kSetra meM kyA avadAna rahA hai yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| haribhadra ko jainAgamika sAhitya uttarAdhikAra meM prApta thA, yaha bAta to unake likhe yoga granthoM se spaSTa ho jAtI hai kintu ve Agamika vivecanAoM taka sImita nahIM rhe| unhoMne apanI kRtiyoM meM apanI paramparA ko pAtaMjala aura bauddha paramparA kI yoga sambandhI avadhAraNAoM ko lekara abhinava dRSTi kA kaDuA cUMTa pilAkara sabala aura sacetana banAyA tathA apUrNa abhyAsa ko lekara bhinna-bhinna paMthoM aura sampradAyoM ke bIca jo saMkIrNatA thI, use yathAzakti dUra karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| AcArya ne dekhA ki saccA sAdhaka cAhe jisa paramparA kA ho usakA AdhyAtmika vikAsa to eka hI krama se hotA hai, ataH bhale hI usakA nirUpaNa bhinna bhinna paribhASAoM meM ho, parantu usa nirUpaNa kI AtmA to eka hI hai| isalie unhoMne nizcaya kiyA ki maiM aise grantha ko likhu jo sulabha aura sabhI yoga zAstroM ke dohana-rUpa hoM aura jisameM kisI eka hI sampradAya meM rUr3ha paribhASA yA zailI kA Azraya na lekara nayI paribhASA aura nayI zailI kI isa prakAra AlocanA kI jAya jisase ki sabhI yoga paramparAoM ke yoga viSayaka mantavya kisa taraha eka haiM athavA eka-dUsare ke nikaTa haiM, yaha batalAyA jA sake / apanI yoga sambandhI vivecanAoM meM jahA~ haribhadra jaina AgamoM tathA pAtaMjala evaM bauddha yoga paramparAoM se prabhAvita rahe haiM, vahIM unhoMne apanI samanvayAtmaka dRSTi dvArA unhIM AdhAroM para kucha nayI paribhASAoM kI udbhAvanA bhI kI hai| . upasaMhAra ke antargata pUrvavarNita samasta adhyAyoM kA jAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| zodha chAtra pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI

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kalpapradIpa meM ullikhita pazcimI bhArata ke jaina tIrtha DA0 zivaprasAda kharataragacchAlaMkAra, sultAnamuhammadatugalakapratibodhaka, yugapradhAnAcArya jinaprabhasUri dvArA racita kalpapradIpa aparanAma vividhatIrthakalpa sampUrNa jaina sAhitya meM eka advitIya graMtha hai| yaha graMtha vi0 saM0 1389 meM yoginIpurapattana (dillI) meM pUrNa huA, jaisA ki isakI prazasti se spaSTa hai-- nandA-'nekapa-zakti-zItagumite zrIvikramorvIpatevarSe bhAdrapadasya mAsyavaraje saumye dazamyAM tithau / zrIhammIramahammade pratapati kSamAmaNDalAkhaNDale grantho'yaM paripUrNatAmabhajata zrIyoginIpattane // 3 // tIrthAnAM tIrthabhaktAnAM kIrtanena pvitritH| kalpapradIpanAmA'yaM grantho vijayatAM ciram // 4 // // iti zrIkalpapradIpagranthaH samAptaH / / isa graMtha meM lagabhaga 40 jaina tIrthoM kA kalpa-rUpa meM alaga-alaga vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| inake atirikta "caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa' nAmaka svatantrakalpa ke antargata 24 tIrthaMkaroM se sambandhita tIrthasthAnoM kA alaga-alaga nAmollekha kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH kalpapradIpa meM sampUrNa bhAratavarSa ke 14vIM zatI taka ke prasiddha prAyaH sabhI jaina tIrthoM kA ullekha hai| kalpapradIpa meM ullikhita ve jainatIrtha jo pazcimI bhArata ( vartamAna gujarAta-rAjasthAna) meM avasthita haiM, kI eka tAlikA isa prakAra hai-- a-gujarAta-saurASTra 1-ajAharA (ajArI) 2-amburiNIgrAma (AmaraNa) 3-aNahilapurapattana 4-azvAvabodhatIrtha

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( 46 ) 5-ujjayantamahAtIrtha (giranAra) 6-kAzahRda 7-kokAvasatipArzvanAtha (aNahilapura) 8-kheTaka (kher3A) 9-khaGgAragar3ha (jUnAgar3ha) 10-tAraNa (tAraMgA) 11-dvArakA 12-nagaramahAsthAna (vaDanagara) 13-pATalAnagara 14-prabhAsapATana 15-moDheraka (mor3herA) 16-rAmasaina 17-valabhI 18-vAyaDa 19-zatruJjaya 20-zaMkhezvara 21-siMhapura (sihora) 22-stambhanaka (thAmaNA) 23-stambhatIrtha (khaMbhAta) ba-rAjasthAna 1-arbudagiri ( AbU) 2-upakezapura (osiyA) 3-karaheTaka (karer3A) 4-nandivardhana (nAMdiyA) 5-nAgahRda (nAgadA) 6-nANA (nAnA) 7-pallI (pAlI) 8-phalavadhikA (phalaudhI) 9-muMDasthala (muMgathalA) 10-zuddhadantI (sojata) 11-satyapura (sAMcaura)

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( 47 ) prastuta lekha meM kalpapradIpa meM ullikhita rAjasthAna prAnta ke jaina tIrthoM kA eka vizleSaNAtmaka vivaraNa prastuta hai / 1. abu dagirikalpa arbudagiri jainoM kA eka prasiddha tIrtha hai / uttarakAlIna jainasAhitya meM isake bAre meM vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / yahA~ vimalavasahI aura laNavasahI nAmaka do jinAlaya vidyamAna haiM, jo apanI . utkRSTa kalA ke kAraNa jagavikhyAta haiM / jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke antargata isa tIrtha kA ullekha kiyA hai aura isake bAre meM pracalita mAnyatAoM, vimalavasahI aura lUNavasahI ke nirmANa, vidhvaMsa evaM punarnirmANa Adi kA tithikramAnusAra vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai / unake vivaraNa kI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM " pUrva kAla meM zrIratnamAlanagarI meM 'zrIpuJja' nAmaka eka rAjA rAjya karatA thA / usake 'zrImAtA' nAmaka eka putrI thI, jo vAnaramukhavAlI thI / zrImAtA ko apane pUrvajanma kA vRttAnta yAda thA; jise eka dina usane apane pitA se btaayaa| rAjA ne use arbudaparvata para bhejakara vahA~ sthita kuNDa meM usakA mukha DubavAyA, jisase vaha nArI ke samAna mukhavAlI ho gayI aura vahIM tapazcaryA karane lagI / eka dina vahA~ eka yogI ne use dekhA ora usake rUpa lAvaNya para mugdha ho use apanI patnI banAnA cAhA / zrImAtA ne chala se usakA vadha kara diyA aura Ajanma akhaNDa brahmacarya kA pAlana karate hue vaha svarga gayI / tatpazcAt rAjA ne vahIM usakA eka mandira banavA diyA / laukika dharma meM isa parvata kA arbuda nAma par3ane ke sambandha meM eka kathA pracalita hai, jisake anusAra yaha himAlaya kA putra thA aura isakA nAma nandivardhana thA / bAda meM arbuda nAma kA yahA~ adhiSThAna hone se isakA nAma ' arbudagiri' pracalita ho gayA / isa parvata para aneka sundarasundara vRkSa haiM, inase bahuta sI auSadhiyA~ prApta hotI haiM / yahA~ vaziSThAzrama mandAkinI, acalezvara, gomukhayakSa Adi laukika tIrtha hai / vi0 saM0 1088 meM mantrIzvara vimala ne yahA~ 'vimalavasahI' kA nirmANa >

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kraayaa| isI prakAra vi0 saM0 1288 meM tejapAla ne 'lUNavasahI' kA nirmANa kraayaa| musalima AkrAmakoM ne ina donoM mandiroM ko kSatigrasta kara diyA, tatpazcAt vi0 saM0 1378 meM mahaNasiMha ke putra lalla ne 'vimalavasahI' tathA caNDasiMha ke putra pethar3a ne 'lUNavasahI' kA punarnirmANa kraayaa| caulukyanareza kumArapAla ne bhI yahA~ parvatazikhara bhagavAn mahAvIra kA eka caitya nirmita kraayaa|" AbU parvata para zrImAtA ( kuMvArI kanyA ) kA eka mandira vidyamAna hai| isa devI ( zrImAtA ) ke bAre meM sthAnIya logoM meM bhI prAyaH usI prakAra kI kiMvadantI pracalita hai' jaisA jinaprabhasUri dvArA ullikhita hai| arbudagiri ke nAmakaraNa sambandhI jo bAta jinaprabha ne batalAyI hai, vaha mahAbhArata tathA purANoM meM vistRta rUpa se kahI gayI hai / 2 rAma ke guru vaziSTha kA Azrama yahIM thA, yaha bAta brAhmaNIya paramparA ke purANoM se jJAta hotI hai / 2 . Aja yahA~ vaziSThAzrama nAmaka jo mandira vidyamAna hai, vaha vi0 saM0 1394 ke lagabhaga nirmita karAyA gyaa| yahA~ eka kuNDa bhI hai; jisameM pASANa nirmita gAya ke mukha se sadaiva jala kI eka kSINa dhArA giratI rahatI hai, yaha 'gomukhakuNDa' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| 5 jinaprabhasUri ne saMbhavataH isI ko 'gomukhayakSa' ke nAma se ullikhita kiyA hai| 'acalezvara' evaM 'mandAkinI' Adi jina laukika tIthoM kI granthakAra ne carcA kI hai ve Aja bhI yahA~ vidyamAna haiN| acalagar3ha ke nIce talahaTI meM 'acalezvaramahAdeva' kA eka prAcIna evaM mahimna maMdira hai| isake cAroM ora cahAradIvArI hai| brAhmaNIya paramparAnusAra ,acalezvaramahAdeva' AbU ke adhiSThAyaka deva mAne jAte haiN| AbU pahale paramAroM, tatpazcAt cAhamAnoM ke adhIna rahA / cAhamAnoM ne acale 1. muni jayantavijaya-AbU, bhAga-1, pR0 205, pAdaTippaNI / 2. mahAbhArata kI nAmAnukramaNikA, pR0 24 / ___Dave, J. H, Immortal India, Vol. VIII. p. 61. 3. kANe, pI0 bI0--dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga-3, pR0 1404 / 4. muni jayantavijaya, pUrvokta, pR0 234 / 5. bahI, pR0 195-200 /

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( 49 ) zvaramahAdeva' ko apane kuladevatA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA thaa| yaha maMdira prAcIna hai, parantu aneka bAra isakA punarnirmANa karAyA gayA hai| yahA~ se vi0saM0 1294, vi0saM0 1343, vi0 saM0 1377 tathA vi0saM0 387 evaM bAda ke kaI lekha prApta hue haiM jo isa zivAlaya ke punanirmANa, dAna Adi kI carcA karate haiN|' isI maMdira ke pAsa 'mandAkinI' nAmaka eka kuMDa hai, jisakI lambAI 900 phuTa tathA caur3AI 240 phuTa ke lagabhaga hai / 2 / / vimalazAha ne vi0 saM0 1088 meM yahA~ vimalavasahI kA nirmANa karAyA, aisA jinaprabha ne ullekha kiyA hai| parantu yahA~ se 'vimalazAha' kA athavA usake samaya kA aisA koI bhI abhilekha prApta nahIM huA hai, jisameM ukta bAta kI carcA ho / vimalavasahI se prApta sabase prAcIna abhilekha meM jo devakulikA naM. 13, vi. saM. 1119/I0 san 1063 kA hai, zAntamAtya kI patnI zivadevI dvArA pratimA sthApita karane kI carcA hai / isa abhilekha meM vimala athavA usake dvArA nirmita maMdira kI koI carcA nahIM milatI, parantu pIr3hI-dara-pIr3hI aisA vizvAsa banA rahA ki isa maMdira kA nirmANa 'vimalazAha' ne karAyA / yaha kathAnaka 14-15vIM zatI ke granthoM se prApta hotA hai| vimala vasahI se prApta do anya abhilekha, jo vi0 saM0 ke 13vIM zatI ke madhya ke haiM, isa bAta kA samarthana karate haiM ki yaha maMdira vimala dvArA nirmita karAyA gayA / udAharaNa ke liye devakulikA naM0 10 se prApta lekha jo vi0 saM0 1201/I0 sana 1145 kA hai, vIra 'prathama' ke putra 'ner3ha' se sambandhita hai, isameM kahA gayA hai ki 'vIra' ke dvitIya putra 'vimala' ne yahA~ U~cA mandira bnvaayaa| dUsarA lekha devakulikA 1. muni-jayantavijaya--pUrvokta pR0 198; muni jinavijaya... prAcInajenalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2 'avalokana', pR0 140 2. munijayantavijaya-pUrvokta, pR0 199 3. Dhaky, M A. _"Complexities Surrounding The Vimal vasami Temple At Mt. Abu." Occasional Papers Series, Department of South Asia Regional Studies, University of Pennryluania, Philadelphiya-1980. 4. munijayantavijaya-arbudaprAcInalekhasaMdoha, lekhAGka 51

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( 50 ) naM0 5 se prApta huA hai, yaha vi0 saM0 1202/I0 san 1146 kA hai aura kuMthunAtha kI pratimA para utkIrNa hai| isa lekha ke vivaraNAnusAra yaha pratimA kelhA, volhA tathA anya sUtradhAroM ne nirmita kiyaa|' ye saMbhavataH pRthvIpAla dvArA rakhe gaye zilpakAra the| solaMkIkAla kA koI bhI aisA kathAnaka athavA abhilekha prApta nahIM huA hai jisameM vimala dvArA nirmita isa maMdira ke nirmANa-tithi kI carcA ho, tathApi solaMkI kAla ke pazcAt eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa abhilekha jo vi0 saM0 1378/I0 san 1322 kA hai, meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki isa yugAdideva ke maMdira ko vi0 saM0 1088 meM vimala dvArA nirmita karAyA gyaa| isI vivaraNa ke pazcAt jinaprabhasUri kA vivaraNa hai, jisameM unhoMne bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| 14vIM-15vIM zatI meM likhe gaye 'prabandhagraMthoM meM bhI isI tathya kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jaiseprabandhakoza-" ( rAjazekhara-vi0 saM0 1405); purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha / prati-bI ), upadezataraMgiNI-5 (dharmasiMhasUri-vi0 saM0 1461) vastupAlacarita ( jinaharSagaNi-vi0 saM0 1497), upadezasaptatikA-7 (somadharmasUri-vi0 saM0 1503 ) aadi| isa prakAra spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vimalazAha ne vi0 saM0 10 8 ke lagabhaga vimalavasahI kA nirmANa kraayaa|' 1. saM0 1202 ASAr3ha sudi 6 some sUtra0 soDhA sAI suta sUtra* kelA volhA sahava loyapA vAgadevAdibhiH zrIvimalavasatikAtIrthe zrIkuthunAthapratimA kaaritaa| muni jayantavijaya-arbudaprAcInajainalekhasaMdoha, lekhAGka 34 2. zrIvikramAdityanRpAd vya[*]tIte'STAzItiyAte (yukte) zaradAM sahasra / zrIAdidevaM zikhare [s] budasya nivesi (zi)taM zrIri(vi)malena vaMde / / munijayantavijaya-vahI, lekhAGka 1, zloka 11 3. "vastupAlaprabandha" prabandhakoza pR0 121 4. "vimalavasatikAprabandha" purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha pR0 51 5. "zrI vimalamantrikIrtidAnaprabandhaH'' upadezataraMgiNI, pR0 72 6. prastAva 8, zloka 12 aura Age 7. dvitIya adhikAra, caturtha upadeza, zloka 7 aura Age 8. DhAkI, pUrvokta-pR0 4

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laNavasahI kA nirmANa tejapAla ne vi0saM0 1287 meM karAyA thA, yaha bAta yahA~ se prApta lekha se spaSTa hotI hai, parantu jinaprabha ne lUNa. vasahI ke nirmANa kI tithi vi0saM0 1288 batalAyI hai, jo unakA bhrama ho sakatA hai| vimalavasahI aura guNavasahI ko muslima AkramaNakAriyoM ne kSatigrasta kara diyaa| vi0saM0 1378 meM inakA punanirmANa karAyA gyaa| yaha AkramaNakArI kauna thA ? alAuddIna khilajI ne vi0 saM0 1365/I0 san 1308 meM jAlaura para AkramaNa kiyA thA, usI samaya usane ina mandiroM ko bhI nukasAna pahu~cAyA hogaa| vimalavasahI kA punanirmANa vi0saM0 1378 meM sampanna karAyA gayA, yaha bAta yahA~ ukta tithi ke lekha meM utkIrNa hai, parantu lUNavasahI ke punarnirmANa ke bAre meM anyatra koI sUcanA prApta nahIM hotI, ataH jinaprabhasUri kI bAta prAmANika mAnI jA sakatI hai| 2. upakezapura kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata upakezapura kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai aura yahA~ mahAvIrasvAmI ke eka jinAlaya hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai| 1. // OM namaH ..... . [saMvat 1287 varSe laukika phAlguna vadi3 ravI adyeha zrImadaNahilapATake caulukyakulakamalarAjahaMsasamastarAjAvalIsamalaMkRtamahArAjAdhirAja zrIbhImadevavijayarAjye ........... . . . . . . . . ....... .. zrIvaSTa (STha) kuDayajatA (nA) zinalodbhUta . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... zrImadarbudAcalopari deulavADAnAme samastadevakulikAlaMkRtaM vizAlahastizAlopazobhitaM zrIlUNasiMhavasahikAbhidhAna zrIneminAthadevacaityamidaM kAritaM // muni jayantavijaya-pUrvokta, lekhAGka 251 2. majumadAra aura pusAlakara-dillIsaltanata, pR0 33 3. vasu-muni -tu (gu) Na-zasi (zi) varSa (rSe) jyeSTe (SThe ) sitinara ( va ) misomayutadivase / zrIjJAnacaMdaguruNAM pratiSTi (SThi) to'rbudagirI RSabhaH //

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( 52 ) upakezapura Aja osiyA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| pratihAra aura cAhamAna yuga meM yaha eka prasiddha nagarI thii| ise uvaesa' tathA Ukeza Adi nAmoM se bhI jAnA jAtA rhaa| yaha nagarI kaba astitva meM AyI, yaha bAta vivAdAspada hai| pratihAranareza vatsarAja jo I0 san 8vIM zatI ke uttarArdha meM yahA~ zAsana kara rahA thA, ke samaya yahA~ mahAvIra jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA gayA, yaha bAta ukta jinAlaya se prApta vi0saM0 1013 ke eka abhilekha se jJAta hotI hai| isa jinAlaya ke nirmANa kI tithi jJAta nahIM, kevala yahI jJAta hotA hai ki vatsarAja ( lagabhaga I0 san 775 800 ) ke samaya isakA nirmANa karAyA gayA / vatsarAja ke pazcAt isa kSetra para AbhIroM ne adhikAra kara liyA, parantu I0 san 816 meM pratihAroM ke sAmanta kakkuka ne AbhIroM se yaha kSetra chIna liyA aura bAda meM usane pratihAroM kI adhInatA se mukta hokara apanI svataMtra cAhamAna sattA sthApita kara lii| vi0 saM0 1236/I0 san 1179 meM yaha kSetra kumArimha, jo munijayantavijaya, vahI, lekhAGka, 1, zloka 42 1. uvaesa-kirADaue vi jayapurAIsu marumi vaMdAmi / saccaura-guDurAyasu pacchimadesemi vaMdAmi / -sakalatIrthastotra ... siddhasenasUri, zloka 26 dalAla, sI0 DI0-pattanasya prAcyajaina bhANDAgArIya granthasUcI, pR0 156 2. sametametatprathitaM pRthivyA mUkezanAmAsti puraM garIyaH // 9 // vIrajinAlaya, osiyA kI prazasti nAhara, pUranacanda-jainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 1, lekhAGka 788 3. ... . . . . . saMvatsara dazazatyAmadhikAyAM vatsaraM strayo dazabhiH phAlguna zukla tRtIyA bhAdrapadAjA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 'saM0 1013. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 'yayAbhi // nAhara, vahI, lekhAGka 788 4. jaina, kailAzacandra-enzenTa siTIja eNDa TAunsa oNpha rAjasthAna, pR0 180

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cAhamAna rAjA cellaNadeva kA putra thA, dvArA zAsita hotA rahA / ' pratihAra aura cAhamAna yuga meM upakezapura brAhmaNIya aura jaina dharma ke prasiddha kendra ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rhaa| madhya yuga meM bhI isakI mahattA vidyamAna rhii| Aja yahA~ 16 brAhmaNIya aura jaina maMdira vidyamAna haiM jo kalA kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiN| yahA~ sthita jaina mandiroM meM mahAvIra svAmI kA mandira sarvotkRSTa hai| isa jinAlaya se prApta abhilekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki vatsarAja ke samaya isakA nirmANa karAyA gayA aura 10vIM-11vIM zatI meM isakA punanirmANa huaa| isa jinAlaya ke nirmANa meM mahA-mAru zailI kA prayoga huA hai| __isa jinAlaya meM vi0saM0 1013 se vi0saM0 1758 taka ke lekha haiM jo jinAlaya ke stambha, toraNa tathA pratimAoM para utkIrNa haiM / inakI saMkSipta sUcI isa prakAra hai1-vi0 saM0 1013 phAlguna sudi 3 jinAlaya kI prazasti 2-vi0 saM0 1035 ASAr3ha sudi 10 jinAlaya ke toraNa para 3-vi0 saM0 1231 mArga sudi 5 stambha para 4-vi0 saM0 1259 kAttika sudi 12 24 mAtA ke paTTa para 1. saM0 1236 kAtika sudi 1 budhavAre adyeha zrIkalhaNadeva mahArAja rAjye tatputra zrI kumara siMhe siMha vikrame zrI mANDavya purAdhipatI.... dabhikAnvIya kIrtipAla rAjya vAhake tadbhaktau zrIupakezIya zrIsaccikAdevi devagRhe zrIrAjasevaka guhilN........| saciyAmAtA kA maMdira (osiyA) para utkIrNa lekha-nAhara, pUrvokta, bhAga 1, lekhAGka 804 2. Dhaky, M. A. "Jaina Temples of Western India," Mahaveer Jaina Vidyalaya Golden Jubilee Volume. Part I, p. 236. 3. nAhara, pUrvokta, lekhAGka 788-802

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( 54 ) pratimA-lekha 1-vi0 saM0 1088 phAlguna vadi 4 jina pratimA kA lekha 2-vi0 saM0 1234 vaizAkha sudi 14 3-vi0 saM0 1234 vaizAkha sudi 14 maMgalavAra 4- vi0 saM0 1438 ASAr3ha sudi 9 pArzvanAtha kI zukravAra pratimA kA lekha 5-vi0 saM0 1492 vaizAkha vadi 5 saMbhavanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha 6--vi0 saM0 1512 phAlguna sudi 8 kunyunAtha kI zanivAra pratimA kA lekha 7 vi0 saM0 1534 mAgha sUdi 5 dharmanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha 8-vi0 saM0 1549 mAgha sudi 5 vimalanAtha kI guruvAra pratimA kA lekha 9- vi0 saM0 1612 vaizAkha sudi 5 jina pratimA para utkIrNa lekha 10-vi0 saM0 1683 jyeSTha sudi 3 sambhavanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha 11-vi0 saM0 1758 ASAr3ha sudi 13 jina pratimA para utkIrNa lekha yahIM sthita pIpalAdevI kA vizAla sabhAmaMDapa yukta madira 10vIM zatI ke antima caraNa meM nirmita haA hai| isI prakAra yahAM sthita saciyA mAtA kA maMdira I0 san 8vIM zatI kA hai, parantu isake adhikAMza bhAga 12vIM zatI meM nirmita haiM / 1. jaina, kailAzacandra-pUrvokta, 183 2. Dhaky, M. A,--"The Iconography of Sacciya Devi" Babu Chote Lal Jain Commemoration Volume ( Calcutta 1967 A. D. ) p.-63-69.

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osavAla vaNikoM kI yahIM utpatti huI mAnI jAtI hai|' 8vIM9vIM zatI ke lagabhaga isa jAti kI utpatti svIkAra kI jAtI hai| isase pUrva isa jAti kI prAcInatA kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| saciyA mAtA ke mandira meM vi0 saM0 1234, vi0 saM0 1236, vi0saM0 1245 aura vi0 saM0 1246 ke lekha vidyamAna haiN| vi0saM0 1245 ke lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki pAlhiyA kI putrI aura yazodhara kI patnI sampUraNa dvArA mahAvIra svAmI ke ratha ke liye dAna diyA gyaa| nAbhinandanajinoddhAraprabaMdha ( kakkasUri, racanAkAla vi.saM01395) ke anusAra yaha svarNamaya ratha varSa meM ekabAra nagara meM ghumAyA jAtA thaa| upakezapura se hI zvetAmbara zramaNa saMgha kI eka prasiddha zAkhA upakezagaccha kA udaya huA / upakezagaccha ke kaI nAma milate haiM, yathA-Ukeza, uesa, osavAla, kaDavA Adi / yaha gaccha bhagavAna pArzvanAtha se apanI paramparA ko jor3atA hai / isa gaccha se sambandhita aneka pratimA lekha tathA upakezagacchacaritra -( racanAkAra-kakkasUri, racanAkAla-vi0 saM0 1393/I0 san 1336 ), nAbhinandanajinoddhAraprabaMdha ( racanAkAla 1. DhAkI, pUrvokta, pR0 63 2. nAhara-pUrvokta, lekha kramAMka 804-5-6-7-8 / 3. saM0 1245 phAlguna sudi 5 adyaha zrImahAvIra rathazAlA nimittaM...... . . . . . 'pAlhiyAdhIna deva candravadhU yazadhara bhAryA sampUrNa zrAvikayAAtma zreyArthaM samasta goSThi pratyakSaM ca AtmIyA svajana varga samatena AtmIya gRhaM dattaM / nAhara, vahI, lekha kramAMka 807 / 4. jaina, kailAzacaMdra-pUrvokta, pR0 184 / 5. nAhaTA, agaracaMda-"jaina zramaNoM ke gacchoM para vizad prakAza" yatIndra sUri abhinandana grantha, pR0 142

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vi0saM0 1395/I0 san 1338 ), upakezagacchapaTTAvalI,' upakeza. gacchagurvAvalI Adi upalabdha haiM / ___muslima AkramaNoM ke samaya yahAM ke jinAlayoM ko bhI kSati pahu~cI, parantu usake bAda bhI maMdiroM kA jIrNoddhAra, aura nUtana jinapratimAoM kA nirmANa jArI rahA, yaha bAta yahA~ se prApta lekhoM se jJAta hotI hai| Aja yahAM jo maMdira vidyamAna haiM, unakA sthApatya evaM kalA kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahattva hai / upakezapura ( osiyA ) vartamAna rAjasthAna prAnta ke jodhapura se 52 kimI0 uttara-pazcima meM sthita hai| 3. karaheTaka kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata 'karaheTaka' kA bhI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha hai aura yahAM jina pArzvanAtha ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai| - karaheTaka Aja karer3A ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| yaha sthAna udayapura-cittaur3a relave mArga para karer3A sTezana se eka kilomITara dUra sthita hai| yahA~ pArzvanAtha kA eka prAcIna jinAlaya hai, jo bAvana jinAlaya ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isa jinAlaya kI devakulikA se vi0saM0 1036 kA eka zilAlekha milA haijisake anusAra 'yazobhadrasUri ne vi0saM0 1039 meM pArzvanAtha bimba kI sthApanA kii|' isa AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 10vIM zatI ke lagabhaga yaha maMdira nirmita huA hogaa| yahA~ se prApta vi0 saM0 1326 ke eka zilAlekha meM isa sthAna kA nAma "karaheDA" ullikhita hai|5 madira meM sthita pArzvanAtha kI zyAma saMgamaramara kI pratimA para vi0 saM0 1656 kA eka lekha utkIrNa hai jisameM isa jinAlaya ke jIrNoddhAra 1. muni darzana vijaya-saMpA0 paTTAvalIsamuccaya, bhAga-1, pR0 177-194 2. muni jinavijaya-saMpA0 vividhagacchIyapaTTAvalIsaMgraha, pR0 7-9 3. tripuTI mahArAja-jainatIthIMno itihAsa, pR0 379 / 4. nAhara, pUranacanda-jainalekhasaMgraha lekhAGka, 1948 / 5. zAha, ambAlAla pI0-jainatIrthasarvesaMgraha, pR0 344 / 6. ArkiyolAjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, vesTarna sakila, I0 san 1905 pR0 59-60 /

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( 57 ) karAye jAne kI bAta kahI gayI hai| jinAlaya ke sabhAmaMDapa kA UparI bhAMga masjidanumA banAyA gayA hai|' muslima zAsana sthApita hone ke pazcAt isa jinAlaya ko unakI kudRSTi se bacAne ke liye ukta nirmANa karAyA gayA hogaa| bAda meM vi0saM0 1656 meM jaba isakA punanirmANa karAyA gayA to usa samaya bhI isake masjidanumA AkRti ko kAyama rakhAgayA / isa jinAlaya meM vi0saM0 1887 taka ke lekha vidyamAna haiN| ye lekha paMcatIrthiyoM para, caubIsI para, pratimAoM (dhAtu evaM pASANa ) para tathA dehariyoM para utkIrNa haiM aura inakI saMkhyA 50 ke lagabhaga hai / ' Aja bhI yaha sthAna rAjasthAna ke prasiddha jaina tIrthoM meM eka hai / nandivardhana AcArya jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke "caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa' ke antargata "nandivardhana" nAmaka tIrtha kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai aura yahAM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mandira hone kI bAta kahI hai| nandivardhana Aja nAMdiyA ke nAma se prasiddha hai| yaha sthAna vartamAna rAjasthAna prAnta ke sirohI jilAntargata sthita hai| sirohI nagara se isakI dUrI 24 kimI0 tathA sirohIroDa relave sTezana se mAtra 10kimI hai| isa tIrtha ke kaI nAma pracalita rahe haiM yathA 1. ArkiyolAjikala sarve Apha iNDiyA, vesTarnasakila, I0 san 1905 pR060| 2. sthAnIya anuzruti ke anusAra mugala samrATa akabara ne dhArmika sadbhAva sthApita karane ke kAraNa mandira ke UparI bhAga ko masjidanumA banavA diyaa| parantu yaha bAta ucita pratIta nahIM hotii| vAstava meM yaha nirmANa svayaM hinduoM ne karAyA thA, kyoMki ve musalamAnoM ke dhvaMsAtmaka nIti se paricita the, isIlie yaha nirmANa karAyA gyaa| isa kAla meM muslima zAsakoM dvArA mandiroM ko masjidoM meM badalA jA rahA thA / zatrujaya sthita AdinAtha kA mandira jise masjida ke rUpa meM badala diyA gayA, isakA jvalaMta udAharaNa hai--vahI, pR0 60 / 3. nAhara, pUrvokta-lekhAGka, 1902 se 1957 / 4. tIrthadarzana, pR0 260 /

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nandigrAma, nandipura, nAMdiyA Adi / sthAnIya kiMvadantI ke anusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jyeSTha bhrAtA nandivardhana ne isa tIrtha kI sthApanA kI thI, isIlie isa tIrtha kA nAma nandivardhana pdd'aa| grAma ke bAhara bhagavAn mahAvIra kA eka prAcIna jinAlaya vidyamAna hai| isa jinAlaya meM kula 77 jinapratimAyeM haiM / 2 maMdira ke stambhoM para kaI lekha bhI haiM, jo vi0saM. 1130 se vi0saM0 1529 taka ke haiN| inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai1-saMvat 1130 baizAkha sudi 13 naMdiyaka caityahA(ha)ra vApI nirmApitA sivagaNe[ na ] / pratiSThAsthAna-mahAvIra jinAlaya-pASANa kI caukI para utkIrNa lekha muni jayantavijaya-arbudAcalapradakSiNAjainalekhasaMvoha, lekhAGka 452 2--saMvat 1201 bhAdravA sudi 10 soma dine / nIbA bhepAbhyAM vuhuM sItiNi thA thAMbha / / 2 / / pratiSThAsthAna-mahAvIrajinAlaya-sabhAmaMDapa ke bAMI ora stambha para utkIrNa lekha muni jayantavijaya-vahI, lekhAGka 453 3-saMvata 1253... ... ... .. kala 2 devi ..... .. .. ' mAlaNazreyorthaM .. ... kArApi ... ' * / pratiSThAsthAna-mahAvIra jinAlaya ---aMbikAdevI kI mUrti para utkIrNa lekha muni jayantavijaya -- vahI, lekhAGka 455 4-saMvat 1290 varSe posa sudi 3 rA [ 0 ) uDaDas( su)ta sahi suta rA0 kama(rNa )NazreyorthaM putra sImeNa staMbho (staMbhaH) kAritaH / pratiSThAsthAna-mahAvIra jinAlaya-zRMgAracaukI ke daravAje ke dAyIM ora stambha para utkIrNa lekha muni jayantavijaya-pUrvokta, lekhAGka 456 1. tIrthadarzana, pR0 260 / 2. zAha, ambAlAla pI0-jainatIrthasarvasaMgraha pR0 433-34 / Fort

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( 59 ) 5 -- saM0 1493 caitra vadi 2 cAhaDabhAryA kuMtI putra kArApitA // pratiSThAsthAna- mahAvIra jinAlaya-tRtIya daravAje ke Upara utkIrNa lekha muni jayantavijaya - pUrvokta. lekhAGka 457 6 - saMvat 1493 varSe vaizAkha sudi 13 pratiSThAsthAna- mahAvIrajinAlaya - caturthaM daravAje ke Upara utkIrNa lekha muni jayantavijaya - vahI, lekhAGka 458 7 - saM0 1521 varSe bhAdrapada sudi paDavedine / nAMdiyApuravAstavya prAgvATajJAtIya vya0 dUlhA bhAryA dUlI putra vya0 jUThAkena bhAryA jasabhAde bhrAtR vya0 mauvA jhAlA varajAMgaSetAdikuTumbayutena svazreyase / zrImahAvIraprAsAde devakulikA kAritA // pratiSThAsthAna- mahAvIra jinAlaya pahalI deharI ke daravAje ke Upara utkIrNa lekha muni jayantavijaya- -vahI, lekhAGka 460 grAmavAstavya 8 - saM0 1529 varSe mA0 va0 3 gurau dine / prAgvATajJAtIya sIdarathAkuTumbayutena zrImahAvIraprAsAde devakulikA kAritA svazreyorthaM zrItapAgacchanAyaka zrI zrIratnazekharasUri zrIzrIzrI somajayasUri ( bhiH ) / pratiSThAsthAna - mahAvIra jinAlaya - dvitIya deharI ke daravAje para utkIrNa lekha muni jayantavijaya -- pUrvokta, lekhAGka 463 9 -- sitiNisI (zI ) lavaMtA ( tyA ) ca sada ( da ) bhAvabhaktisaMjutA ( ktiyuktayA ) / jinagRhe se (zai) lasthaMbhA ( staMbhau ) dvo maMDapastabhi ( stabho ) thA ( sthA ) pitA: ( to ) // pratiSThAsthAna- mahAvIra jinAlaya -sabhAmaMDapa ke dAyIM ora dvitIya stambha para utkIrNa lekha muni jayanta vijaya - vahI, lekhAGka 467

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( 60 ) 10-cAlukyavaMso (zo)dbhava mahaNA ... ... ... ... ... 'yaMbha (staMbha) 1 // pratiSThA sthAna--mahAvIra jinAlaya-sabhAmaMDapa ke bAyIM ora dvitIya stambha para utkIrNa lekha muni jayantavijaya-vahI, lekhAGka 468 11-(1) zrIdharmanAtha vya0 jUThA (2) zrIzaMbhava pAMcI (3) zrImahAvIra vya0 jhAlA (4) zrIzItala zrA0 pUrI (5) zrIvAsupUjya vya0 mauThA (6) sumati vya0 meghA (7) zrImahAvIra .. . . (8) zrIzAMti meDhA (9) zrImahAvIra vya0 cAMpA (10) zrIvimala vya0 . . . . . . . 'nA (11) zrIzAMti zrA0 hA... ... .. (12) zrIzAMti vya0 hAnA jAlA (13) zrIzItala zrA0 ... ... pratiSThAsthAna-mahAvIra jinAlaya-bhamatI kI deharI kI mUrti para utkIrNa lekha muni jayantavijaya pUrvokta, lekhAGka 469 aMtima tIna lekhoM meM pratiSThA tithi/miti kA koI nirdeza nahIM hai| vartamAna meM isa jinAlaya kA jIrNoddhAra zvetAmbara jainasaMgha, bambaI dvArA sampanna karAyA gayA hai|

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( 61 ) nAgahRda kalpapradIpa ke "caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa' ke antargata nAgahRda kA bhI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha hai aura yahAM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai "kalikuNDe nAgahRde ca zrIpArzvanAthaH" nAgahRda, Aja nAgadA ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| abhilekhoM meM isakA nAma nAgadraha bhI milatA hai| sthAnIya kiMvadantiyoM meM isakA sambandha nAgoM se jor3A jAtA hai| guhila vaMzIya zAsaka nAgAditya isa nagarI kA saMsthApaka mAnA jAtA hai / nAgadA guhiloM kI rAjadhAnI aura jaina, vaiSNava tathA zaiva dharmAnuyAyiyoM kA eka prasiddha tIrtha rahA hai / digambara AcArya madana kIrti ne zAsanacatutrizikA meM yahAM ke pArzvanAtha kI vandanA kI hai ---- sraSTeti dvijanAyakairhaririti [ prodgIyate ] vaizra(SNa)vai bauddharbuddha iti pramodavivazaiH zUlIti mAhezvareH / kuSTA'niSTa-vinAzano janadRzAM yo'lakSyamUrtivibhuH sa zrInAgahRdezvaro jinapatidigvAsasAM zAsanam // 13 // arthAta - dvijanAyaka-brAhmaNa jinheM sraSTA', vaiSNava hari ( viSNu ), bauddha 'buddha' aura mAhezvarI-zaMva 'zUlI' bar3e harSapUrvaka batalAte haiM tathA jo kuSTa aura aniSToM ko vinaSTa karane vAle haiM, arthAt jinake darzanAdimAtra se kuSTajanoM kA kor3ha tathA darzanArthI bhavyoM ke nAnA aniSToM kA sarvathA nAza ho jAtA hai aura sAdhAraNa logoM ke liye jinakI mUrti alakSya (adRzya) hai vaha zrI nAgahRdatIrtha ke nAgahRdezvara (pAzrva) jinendraprabhu digambara zAsana kA loka meM prabhAva sthApita kreN| prAkRtanirvANakANDa ( 12vIM-13vIM zatI I0 san ) tathA tIrthavandanA ( udayakIrti-12vI-13vIM zatI I0 san ) meM bhI isa tIrtha kA ullekha milatA hai pAsaM taha ahiNaMdaNa NAyadaha maMgalAure baMde // 1 // prAkRtanirvANakANa ( atizaya kSetrakANDa )

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( 62 ) nAyabaha pAsu sayaMbhudeu, hauM vaMdauM jasu guNa Natthi cheu / / tArthavandanA // 6 // tapAgacchIya munisundarasUri ( I0 san 15vIM zatI) dvArA nAgahRdapArzvanAthastotra kI racanA kiye jAne kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| unake dvArA racita gurvAvalo meM bhI isa tIrtha kA ullekha hai --- khomANabhUbhRtyakulajastato'bhUt samudrasUriH svavaza guruyaH / cakAra nAgahRdapArvatIrthaM vidyAmbudhidigvasanAn vijitya / / gurvAvalI zloka-39 vi0saM0 1437/I0 san 1380 meM likhe gaye eka vijJaptipatra, jo sva0 zrIagaracandajI nAhaTA ke saMgraha meM hai, meM bhI isa tIrtha kA ullekha hai aura kharataragacchIya AcArya jinodayasUri dvArA yahA~ tIrtha yAtrA hetu padhArane kI carcA hai / yahA~ naminAtha kA bhI eka jinAlaya thA jisakA nirmANa mANDavagar3ha ke prasiddha zreSThI pethar3azAha ne karAyA thaa| isa jinAlaya kA ullekha munisundarasUri dvArA racita gurvAvalI tathA tIrthamAlAoM meM bhI milatA hai - nAgade shriinmiH| gurvAvalI-196 "nAgadrahi pAsaM tU namI chuTi" / tIrthamAlA-zrIjinatilakasUriviracita "nAgadrahi namI lIlavilAsa" tIrthamAlA-zIlavijayaviracita ukta mandira Aja vidyamAna nahIM hai| Aja yahAM do prAcIna jinAlaya haiN| prathama jinAlaya alAu (Alau) pArzvanAtha ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai 2 ise dillI ke bAda. zAha iltutamiza ke zAsanakAla meM kSatigrasta kara diyA gyaa| isa jinAlaya meM vi0saM0 1356/I0san 1300 tathA vi0saM0 1391/I0 san 1335 ke do lekha vidyamAna haiN| ina lekhoM meM jinAlaya ke punaruddhAra 1. ambAlAla pI0 zAha-jainatIrthasarvasaMgraha-dvitIya bhAga; pR0 336-338 2. Dhaky, M. A.-"Nagada's Ancient Jaina Temple" SAMBODHI Vol-4 No. 3-4 Pp.-83-85. 3. Ibid. -- - -- - - --- - -

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kI carcA hai| vi0saM0 1356 ke lekha meM digambara sampradAya ke mUla saMgha kA ullekha hai|' yaha jinAlaya sthApatyakalA kI dRSTi se 11vIM zatI meM nirmita mAnA jAtA hai / isakA bhavya zikhara mAru-gurjara zailI kA eka utkRSTa udAharaNa hai| dvitIya jinAlaya zAMtinAtha kA hai aura adbhudjI ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| isameM mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM bhagavAn zAMtinAtha kI zyAma pASANa kI 9 phuTa UMcI vizAla pratimA pratiSThita hai| pratimA kI caraNa caukI para vi0 saM0 1494/I0 san 1437 kA lekha utkIrNa hai| isake alAvA yahA~ paravartI kAla meM nirmita anya kaI choTe-choTe jinAlaya bhI haiN| nANA kalpapradIpa ke "caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa" ke antargata nANA kA bhI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha hai aura yahA~ bhagavAn mahA. vIra ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai| nANA Aja nAnA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai|5 10vIM zatI se 15vIM zatI taka yaha nagara vikasita dazA meM vidyamAna rhaa| I0 san 1226 ke lagabhaga nANA ke samIpavartI kSetroM para cAhamAnavaMzIya nareza dhAMdhaladeva, jo vIradhavala kA putra thA, caulakya nareza bhIma 'dvitIya' [ I0 san 1178-1241 ] ke sAmanta ke rUpa meM zAsana karatA rahA / ' 1230 I0 ke lagabhaga yaha kSetra AbU ke paramAra zAsaka somasiMha ke adhikAra meM AyA, parantu bAda meM devarAcAhamAnoM ne isa para punaH adhikAra kara liyaa| I0 san 1602 ke lagabhaga yaha kSetra mevAr3a ke rANA amarasiMha ke adhIna rhaa| 9. Progress Report of the Archaeological Survey of India, Western cirle.-1905-06, P. 63. Dhaky--- Ibid. 3. zAha, ambAlAla, pI pUrvokta, pR0 336-38 4. vahI tathA nAhara, pUranacanda jainalekhasaMgraha bhAga-2, lekhAGka 1958 5. yaha sthAna pazcimI relave ke ahamadAbAda-ajamera lAina ke madhya nAnA sTezana se 3 mIla dUra sthita hai| 1. jaina, kailAzacandra-pUrvokta, pR0 416 / 7. vahI, pR0 416 /

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nANA jaina dharma ke kendra ke rUpa meM vizeSakara yahA~ sthita jIvantasvAmI kI pratimA ke kAraNa vizeSa rUpa se pratiSThita rhaa| yahAM sthita mahAvIra jinAlaya se 10vIM zatI kA eka lekha prApta huA hai, jisake AdhAra para yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki ukta jinAlaya ukta samaya ke Asa-pAsa hI nirmita huA hogaa| ___ isa jinAlaya meM vi0 saM0 1168, vi0 saM0 1203, vi0 saM0 1240, vi0 saM0 1505, vi0 saM0 1506 aura vi0 saM0 1659 ke lekha bhI utkIrNa haiN| ina lekhoM meM jinAlaya ke jIrNoddhAra, navIna jina pratimAoM ke nirmANa, unakI pratiSThA evaM jinAlaya ko diye gaye dAnAdi ke ullekha haiN| inakA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai1 vi0 saM., 1017 jinAlaya ke dvAra ke Upara dAhinI ora utkIrNa lekha 2-vi0 saM0 1168 mAgha / jinAlaya meM zRMgAracaukI ke daravAje ke Upara pahale toraNa para utkIrNa lekh| vi0saM0 1203 kAttika vadi 15 jinAlaya kI parikramA meM caumukha ke pAsa daravAje ke bArazAkha para utkIrNa lekha 4-vi0 saM0 1203 vaizAkha sudi 12 somavAra jinAlaya kI parikramA meM rakhI kAyotsarga mudrA meM zAMtinAtha kI eka khaMDita evaM apUjya pratimA kA lekha / 5 - vi0 saM0 1203 vaizAkha sudi 12 somavAra jinAlaya kI parikramA meM rakhI kAyotsarga mudrA meM neminAtha kI eka khaMDita evaM apUjya pratimA kA lekh| 6 --vi0 saM0 1240 phAlguna sudi 2 budhavAra jinAlaya ke gUr3hamaMDapa meM dAhinI ora dIvAla ke pAsa mUrti ke nIce parikara kI caraNacaukI para utkIrNa lekha / -vi0 saM0 1274 jyeSTha vadi 5 maMgalavAra jinAlaya ke gUr3hamaMDapa meM nandvIzvaradvIpa ke pada para utkIrNa lekh| -vi0 saM0 1429 mAgha vadi 7 somavAra jinAlaya meM rakhI pArzvanAtha kI dhAta paMcatIrthI kA lekh|

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9-vi0 saM0 1505 mAgha vadi 9 zanivAra jinAlaya meM mUlanAyaka mahAvIrasvAmI kI pAlathI ke Upara sammukha bhAga meM utkIrNa lekha jisameM jJAnakIya ( nANakIya ) gaccha ke AcArya zAMtisari dvArA mahAvIra svAmI kI pratimA pratiSThApita karane kA ullekha hai| 10-vi0 saM0 1505 mAgha vadi 9....... jinAlaya meM mUlanAyaka mahAvIra svAmI ke pAlathI ke Upara dUsarI ora utkIrNa lekha / 11 12-vi0 saM0 1506 mAgha vadi 10 guruvAra jinAlaya meM mUlanAyaka ke parikara kI caraNacaukI para evaM mUla nAyaka ke vAyIM ora kAyotsarga pratimA para utkIrNa lekha / 13-vi0 saM0 1512 phAlguna sudi 8 zanivAra dharmanAtha kI dhAtu caubIsI para utkIrNa lekha / 14-vi0 saM0 1513 vaizAkha sudi 10 guruvAra pArzvanAtha kI dhAtu kI pratimA para utkIrNa lekha / 15-vi0 saM0 1515 mAgha sudi 15 saMbhavanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha / 16-vi0 saM0 1530 mAgha vadi 6 saMbhavanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha / 17-vi0 saM0 1534 mAgha sudi 9 vAsupajya kI pratimA kA lekh| 18-vi0 saM0 1572 vaizAkha sudi 5 somavAra pArzvanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha jisameM saMDeragacchIya zAMtisUri dvArA pratimA pratiSThApita karane kI carcA hai| 19-vi0 saM0 1622 vaizAkha sudi 3 somavAra pArzvanAtha kI pratimA kA lekh| 20-vi0 saM0 1623 vaizAkha zukravAra zAMtinAtha kI pratimA jisameM tapAgacchIya harivijayasUri dvArA ukta pratimA kI pratiSThA kI carcA hai / 21-vi0 saM0 1630 vaizAkha vadi 8 AdinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha /

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22-vi0 saM0 1659 bhAdrapada sudi 7 zanivAra jinAlaya meM nava caukI ke sammukha bhAga meM pATa para utkIrNa lekh| inake alAvA jinAlaya meM mUlanAyaka ke pIche dIvAla para do mUttiyoM evaM nabIna caukI ke bAyIM ora bhI lekha utkIrNa haiM, parantu inameM kAla nirdeza nahIM hai| / ukta sabhI lekha nANA sthita mahAvIra jinAlaya meM utkIrNa haiN| ina lekhoM ke sambandha meM vistAra ke lie draSTavya -- muni jayantavijaya-saMpA0 arbudAcalapradakSiNAjainalekhasaMdoha, lekhAGka 341-364 nANA se hI nANakIyagaccha jisakA zvetAmbara caityavAsI gacchoM meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai, astitva meM aayaa| isa gaccha ke kaI nAma milate haiM yathA - nANagaccha, nANAgaccha, nANAvAlagaccha, jJAnakIyagaccha aadi| yaha gaccha vi. saM. kI 11vIM zatI ke lagabhaga astitva meM AyA aura 16vIM zatI ke anta taka vidyamAna rhaa| zAMtisUri isa gaccha ke purAtana AcArya mAne jAte haiN| unake bAda siddhasenasUri, dhanezvarasUri aura mahendrasUri kramAnusAra gacchanAyaka hue| isa gaccha ke paTTadhara AcAryoM ke yahI cAra nAma punaH punaH milate haiN| caityavAdI gacchoM meM prAyaH yahI paramparA milatI hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki gaccha ke prArambhika evaM prabhAvazAlI AcAryoM ke nAma unake 'paTa' ke rUpa meM rUDha ho jAte the aura una para pratiSThita hone vAle muni ko AcArya pada ke sAtha-sAtha gacchanAyaka ke rUpa meM ukta 'paTTanAma' bhI prApta hotA rahA / nANakIyagaccha ke munijana caityoM, jinamaMdiroM evaM upAzrayoM kI dekha-rekha meM hI apanA sampUrNa samaya vyatIta karate rhe| zrAvakoM ko nUtana jinAlaya evaM tIrthaMkara pratimAoM ke nirmANa kI preraNA denA aura unakI ADambarapUrvaka pratiSThA karanA hI inakA pradhAna kArya rahA / vidhimAgiyoM dvArA caityavAsa ke prabala virodha ke bAda bhI dIrghakAla taka caityavAsiyoM kA astitva banA rahanA samAja para inake vyApaka prabhAva kA paricAyaka hai / 1. nANakIyagaccha ke sambandha meM vistAra ke liye draSTavya nANakIyagaccha" zramaNa-varSa 40, aMka 7, pR0 2-34

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8. zrIphalavaddhikApArzvanAthakalpa phalavaddhikA ( vartamAna phalodhI) jainoM kA eka prasiddha tIrtha hai| sAhityika tathA abhilekhIya sAkSyoM meM isakA ullekha prApta hotA hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki phalavaddhikAdevI ke nAma para hI isa sthala kA nAma phaladdhi pracalita haa| jinaprabhasUri ne isa tIrtha kA ullekha kiyA hai aura yahAM pArzvanAtha ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI hai| unake vivaraNa kI pramakha bAteM isa prakAra haiM ___ "sapAdalakSa deza meM mer3atA nagarI ke antargata phalavaddhi nAmaka eka grAma hai, jahA~ phaladdhikAdevI kA U~ce zikharoM vAlA caitya hai| yaha grAma pahale eka samRddha nagara thA parantu kAlAntara se ujar3a kara sAdhA. raNa gA~va mAtra raha gayA / dhIre-dhIre vaNika loga yahA~ punaH basane lage, unameM do jaina zrAvaka bhI the ----pahalA zrImAlavaMzIya dhAMdhala aura dUsarA osavAlavaMzIya shivNkr| unheM svanAdeza se bhUmi se pArzvanAtha kI eka pratimA prApta huI, jise unhoMne caitya banavAkara vi0 saM0 1181 meM rAjagacchIya zIlabhadrasUri ke ziSya vAdIndra dharmaghoSasUri ke varad hastoM se caturvidhasaMgha ke samakSa pratiSThita kraayii| kAlAntara meM sulatAna sahAbuddIna gorI ne mUlabimba ko bhagna kiyA, taba adhiSThAyakadeva ne mlecchoM ko rudhira-vamana evaM andhatva se pIr3ita kiyA, jisase sultAna ne yahA~ kabhI bhI AkramaNa na karane kA pharamAna diyaa| cUMki mUla pratimA bhagna ho cukI thI, ataH zrAvakoM ne dUsarI pratimA sthApita karanI cAhI, parantu adhiSThAyaka deva ne unheM aisA karane se roka diyA / Aja bhI vaha pratimA vikalAMga rUpa meM hI pUjI jAtI hai|" uparokta vivaraNa meM granthakAra ne phalavaddhikA grAma meM jaina zrAvakoM dvArA bhUmi se pArzvanAtha kI pratimA prApta karane, tatpazcAt caitya nirmita karAne evaM vAdIndradharmaghoSasUri dvArA vi0 saM0 1186 meM caturvidha saMgha ke samaya use navanirmita caitya meM pratiSThita karane kI bAta kahI hai| isI prakAra kA vivaraNa purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha' meM bhI prApta hotA hai, parantu caitya banavAne vAle zrAvaka tathA pratimA pratiSThita karane vAle AcArya tathA samaya ke bAre meM matabheda hai| isa 1. "phalavaddhitIrthaprabandha" purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha, pR0 31

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( 68 ) pramANa ke anusAra pArasa nAmaka zreSThI ne bhUmi se pratimA prApta kara caitya banavAyA tathA vAdidevasUri ne vi0 saM0 1199 meM mUrti kI pratiSThA kI aura vi0saM0 1204 meM caityazikhara sthApita kiyA / purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha kI isa mAnyatA kA samarthana nimnalikhita granthoM se bhI hotA hai --- . 1-upadezataraMgiNI -1 ratnamaMdiragaNi ( vi0 saM0 1517 ) / 2--- upadezasaptatiH 2- somadharmasUri ( vi0 saM0 1503 ) / 3-dharmasAgarIya tapagacchapaTTAvalI .--15 vIM shtii| parantu ukta sabhI grantha pazcAt kAlIna haiM aura inakA AdhAra grantha purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha bhI kalpapradIpa ke bAda kA hai, ata. jinaprabha kI bAta jyAdA prAmANika mAnI jA sakatI hai| bhinna gaccha ke hote hue bhI jinaprabhasUri ne gacchabheda kI saMkIrNatA se dUra rahate hue vAstavika tathya ko hI likhA hogaa| isaprakAra spaSTa hai ki rAjagacchIya zIlabhadrasUri ke ziSya vAdindra dharmaghoSasUri ne vi0 saM0 1181 meM phalavaddhikAgrAma meM navanirmita jinAlaya meM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA sthApita kI aura caitya zikhara para kalazArohaNa kiyaa| Aja yahA~ jo pArzvanAtha kA maMdira hai, saMbhavataH vahI purAnA maMdira ho sakatA hai / isa jinAlaya se do abhilekha mile haiM, unameM se eka 1. "zreSThi pArasadRSTAnta:' upadezataraMgiNI, pR0 110 2. saMpAdaka-amRtalAla mohanalAla-upadezasaptati "zrIphalavadhitIrthotpattau pAsalizrAvakaprabandha' pR0 32-33 3. tapagacchapaTTAvalI, pR0 129 4. saMvat 1221 mArgasira sudi 6 zrIphalavaddhi kAyAM devAdhideva zrI pArzvanAtha caitye zrI prAgvATa vaMsI (zI) ya ropi muNi maM0 dasAr3hAbhyo AtmazreyArtha zrI citrakUTIya silaphaTa sahitaM candrako pradattaH zubhaM bhavat / / nAhara, pUranacanda-jainalekhasaMgraha bhAga 1, lekhAGka 870 caityo naravare yena zrI sallakSmaTa kaarite| paMDapo maMDanaM lakSyA kArita: saMgha bhaasvtaa|| 1 // ajayameru zrI vIra caitye yena vidhApitA zrI devA bAlakA: khyAtAzcatuviMzati zikharANi // 2 / / zreSThI zrI muni caMdrAkhyaH zrI phalavaddhikA pure uttAna paTTa zrI pArzvacaitye'cIkaradadbha bhUtaM // 3 // vahI, lekhAGka 871

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( 69 ) vi0saM0 1221 kA hai aura dUsarA mitivihIna hai| dUsare abhilekha meM lakSmaTa aura municanda kA ullekha hai| rAjasthAna meM bijoliyA nAmaka grAma se prApta vi0saM0 1222 ke eka abhilekha', jo digambara AmnAya se sambandhita hai, meM municandra aura usake bhatIje lolaka kI vaMzAvalI dI gayI hai aura lolaka dvArA vi0saM0 1222 meM jinAlaya nirmANa karAne kA ullekha hai / lolaka ke cAcA municandra ko usase kama se kama 20 varSa pahale rakhA jA sakatA hai| isa AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki vi0saM0 1200 ke lagabhaga phalodhI sthita pArzvanAtha jinAlaya meM municandra ne uttAnapaTa (pharza) kA nirmANa karAyA hogaa| __ isa prakAra phalodhI pArzvanAtha jinAlaya se prApta mitivihIna abhilekha kA samaya vi0 saM0 1200 ke lagabhaga mAnA jA sakatA hai| lakSmaTa, manicandra aura usakA bhatIjA lolaka digambara AmnAya se sambandhita the aura inake dvArA phalodhI pArzvanAtha ke zvetAmbara caityAlaya meM "uttAnapaTa" kA nirmANa karAyA gyaa| isa vivaraNa se do saMbhAvanAyeM prakaTa hotI haiM 1-isa caityAlaya ko vi0saM0 1200 ke lagabhaga digambaroM ne apane adhikAra meM le liyA ho ! athavA 2-digambara zrAvaka municandra ne dhArmika sadbhAvanAvaza isa zvetAmbara jinAlaya meM uttAnapaTa kA nirmANa karAyA ho| jahA~ taka zahAbuddIna gorI ke AkramaNa kA prazna hai, yaha satya hai ki usane vi0 saM0 1235 I0 san 1178 meM gujarAta para AkramaNa kiyA thaa| usa samaya vahA~ mUlarAja 'dvitIya' (I0 san 11761178 ) kA zAsana thA / caulukyoM ne AbU ke pAsa kAzahada meM gorI ko rokA aura use parAsta kara vApasa lauTane ko vivaza kara diyaa| gorI ke gujarAta para AkramaNa karane kA mArga phalaudhI hokara 1. joharApurakara, vidyAdhara-janazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 4, lekhAGka 265 2. pAThaka, vizuddhAnanda-uttara bhArata kA rAjanaitika itihAsa,pR0 482 3. vahI, pR. 482 aura 543 4. habIbullA-phAuNDezana oNpha musalimarUla ina iMDiyA pR. 53; - pAThaka, pUrvokta, pR0 543-44

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( 70 ) hI rahA hogA aura AkramaNArthaM jAte samaya vaha mArga ke maMdiroM ko tor3atA gayA hogA / jinaprabhasUri ne gorI ke AkramaNa ke samaya yahA~ jina pratimA ko bhagna karane kI bAta to kahI hai parantu jinAlaya tor3A gayA athavA nahIM, yaha ajJAta hai / unhoMne AkrAmakoM ke andhatva evaM rudhira vamana se grasita hone kI jo bAta kahI hai, vaha unakA vyaktigata kopa hI samajhanA cAhie / muNDasthala kalpapradIpa ke " caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa" ke antargata muNDasthala kA bhI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha hai aura yahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai / muNDasthala Aja muMgathalA ke nAma se prasiddha hai / aura vartamAna sirohI jile meM avasthita hai / yahA~ vi0saM0 895 / I0 san 838 kA eka zivAlaya vidyamAna hai, jisake AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki 9vIM zatI meM yaha nagarI astitva meM AyI hogI / yahA~ sthita mahAdeva aura mahAvIra ke maMdira apanI prAcInatA ke liye prasiddha haiM / muNDasthala jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM pUrva madhyayuga meM pratiSThita huA / uttarakAlIna jaina paramparAnusAra mahAvIra svAmI ne chadmavasthA meM arbudamaMDala meM vihAra kiyA aura gaNadhara kezI ne yahA~ unakA eka jinAlaya nirmita karAyA / yaha bAta aSTottarItIrthamAlA ( mahendrasUri I0 san 13vIM zatI) 3 tathA isa jinAlaya se prApta vi0 saM 1426 ke eka zilAlekha se jJAta hotI hai / parantu ye bAteM spaSTataH kAlpa1. zAha, ambAlAla pI0 - jainatIrthasarvasaMgraha, pR0 279 2 . vahI 4 3. 4. muni vizAlavijaya - muNDasthalamahAtIrtha, pR0 15 se uddhRta pUrve chadmasthakAle bhuvi yaminaH kurvataH sadvihAraM [ sapta ] trizeca varSe vahati bhagavato janmataH kAritAstAH (sA) / zrIdevAryasya yasyollasadupalamayI pUrNarAjena rAjJA zrIkezIsu ( zinA ) pratiSTaH sa jayati hi jinastIrtha - muNDasthalastu: ( sthaH ) || muni jayantavijaya - arbudAcalapradakSiNA jainalekha saMdoha, lekhAGka 48

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( 71 ) nika haiM ataH inakI aitihAsikatA kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| yahA~ sthita mahAvIra jinAlaya kaba banavAyA gyaa| isa sambandha meM koI nizcita sUcanA nahIM hotii| yahAM se prApta sabase prAcIna lekha vi0 saM0 1216/I0 san 1158 ke haiN| ye lekha maMdira ke stambhoM para utkIrNa haiN| inameM jinAlaya ke sabhAmaNDapa ke stambhoM ke nirmANa karAye jAne kI bAta kahI gayI hai|' isa AdhAra para yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki yaha maMdira ukta tithi (vi0saM0 1216) ke pUrva kabhI nirmita haA hogaa| vi0saM0 1389 I0 sana 1332 meM dhA~dhala ne apane mAtA-pitA ke zreyArtha isa jinAlaya meM 2 jinapratimAyeM sthApita karAyIM / ye pratimAyeM Aja AbU sthita guNavasahI ke gUDhamaMDapa meM rakhI gayI haiN| vi0 saM0 1426/I0 san 1369 meM prAgvATajJAtIya mahIpAla ke putra zrIpAla ne isa jinAlaya kA pUnanirmANa karAyA, isa avasara para pratimA kI sthApanA aura kalazArohaNa koraTagacchIya zrIkakkasUri ke paTTadhara sarvadevasUri dvArA sampanna karAyA gyaa|' kANhadeva ke putra vIsaladeva ne isa jinAlaya ko vi0 saM0 1442/I0 san 1385 meM eka grAma tathA anya vastuyeM dAna meM diiN| yaha bAta yahAM se prApta ukta tithi vi0saM0 1442) ke eka abhilekha se jJAta hotI hai| isake alAvA yahA~ vi0saM0 1501 se vi0saM0 1686 taka ke lekha bhI vidyamAna haiM, jinameM isa jinAlaya ko dAnAdi prApta hone aura isake punarnirmANa kA ullekha karate haiN|" jaina zrAvakoM kI eka bar3I saMkhyA yahA~ nivAsa karatI thI, ve yahA~ hone vAle utsava Adi meM pUrNa sahayoga karate the| vi0saM0 1722 meM racita eka tIrthamAlA meM 1. arbudAcalapradakSiNAjainalekha saMdoha, lekhAGka 44, 45, 46, 47. 2. saMvat 1389 barSe phAgu( lgu)Na sudi 8 zrIko (ko) raTakIyagacche maha0 pUnasIha bhA0 punasiri suta, dhAdhalena bhrAtR mUlU gehA rudA sahitena muNDasthala satkazrImahAvIracaitye nijamAtRpitRzreyortha jinayugalaM kAritaM pratiSThitaM zrInaya (nna ) sUribhiH / / muni jayantavijaya-adaprAcInajainalekhasaMdoha, lekhAGka 245 3. adAcalapradakSiNAjainalekhasaMdoha-lekhAGka 49, 50 4. muni jayantavijaya-pUrvokta, lekhAGka 51 / / 5. muni vizAlavijaya-pUrvokta, pR. 32 / 6. jaina, kailAzacandra-pUrvokta, pR0 419 /

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( 72 ) bhI isa tIrtha kA ullekha hai aura yahAM jinAlaya meM 145 pratimAoM ke vidyamAna hone kI bAta hI gayI hai|' dhIre dhIre yaha nagarI ujar3a gayI aura vartamAna meM to eka sAdhAraNa grAma mAtra hI avaziSTa hai| 17vIM zatI ke pazcAt isa sthAna kA ullekha kisI bhI srota (sAhi tyika athavA purAtAtvika) meM prApta nahIM hotA, ataH yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki usI samaya se isa nagarI kI avanati prArambha haI hogii| 10 zuddhadantI sthita pArzvanAtha kalpa jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradopa ke antargata "zuddhadantInagarI" kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai aura yahA~ pArzvanAtha ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI hai| unake vivaraNa kI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM - "pUrvakAla meM ayodhyA nagarI meM rAjA dazaratha ke putra AThaveM baladeva zrIpadma ne bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI eka ratnamayI pratimA apane nijI caitzAlaya meM sthApita kii| kAlakrama se pUrva deza meM durbhikSa par3ane se adhiSThAyakadeva ne ukta pratimA gaganamArga se sAtasaudeza ke zuddhadantI nAmaka nagarI meM bhUmigRha meM rakha dI aura use ratnamaya se pANANamaya banA diyaa| bahuta kAla bItane para sodhativAlagaccha meM vimalasUri nAmaka eka jainAcArya ko svapna meM ukta pratimA ke bAre meM jAnakArI milI taba unhoMne pratimA prApta kara eka navanirmita caitya meM use sthApita kara dI / kAlacakra ke prabhAva se eka bAra turkoM ne yahA~ AkramaNa kiyA aura pArzvanAtha kI ukta pratimA ke sira ko dhar3a se alaga kara diyaa| usa samaya vahA~ Aye eka ajApAlaka ne bhUmi para par3e pratimA ke sira ko uThAkara usake dhar3a para rakha diyA jisase vaha turanta juTa gyii| Aja bhI vahI pratimA vahA~ pUjI jAtI hai|" jinaprabha ke ukta vivaraNa kA sAra yahI hai ki sodhativAlagacchIya kisI vimalasUri nAmaka eka jainAcArya ko svapnAdeza se bhUmi se pArzvanAtha kI eka pratimA prApta huI jise unhoMne yahA~ eka navanirmita caitya meM sthApita kara diyA aura bAda meM muslima AkramaNakAriyoM ne isa jinAlaya aura pratimA ko bhagna kara diyaa| 1. vijaya dharmasUri-saMpA. prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha, bhAga 2, pR0 60 /

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( 73 ) granthakAra ke ukta vivaraNa se apratyakSa rUpa se siddha hotA hai ki sodhativAlagacchIya vimalasUri 14vIM zatI ke pUrva hue the unheM pratimA prApta hone ke pahale bhI zuddhadantI nagarI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rahI, kyoMki kisI bhI sthAna ko jainatIrtha ke rUpa meM prasiddha hone ke pazcAt hI vahA~ se kisI gaccha kA udaya honA saMbhava hai| jinaprabha dvArA ullikhita vimalasUri evaM unake gaccha ke bAre meM hameM koI jAnakArI nahIM miltii| unhoMne yahA~ ke jinAlaya evaM pratimA ko musalamAnoM dvArA bhagna kiye jAne kI jo bAta kahI hai, vaha bhI satya mAnanI cAhie, kyoMki isa yuga meM kisI muslima AkramaNakArI dvArA maMdiroM ko bhagna kara denA eka sAmAnya bAta thI / jahA~ taka isa tIrtha kI prAcInatA kA prazna hai, siddhasenasUri dvArA vi0 saM0 1123/I0 san 1067 meM racita saklatIrtha stotra' meM isakA ullekha hai jisase yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki 11vIM zatI ke AsapAsa kabhI yaha sthAna jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huA hogA / hemahaMsasUri dvArA vi0 saM0 1477 meM likhita mAtRkAkSara tIrthamAlA meM bhI isa tIrtha kA ullekha hai| vi0saM0 1667 meM akabara ke AmantraNa para lAhaura jAte samaya kharataragacchIya yugapradhAna jinacandra sUri zuddhadantI nagarI meM hI Thahare the, yaha bAta zrI jinacandra sUriakabarapratibodharAsa se jJAta hotI hai| zuddhadantI nagarI Aja sojata ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| Aja yahA~ 10 jinAlaya vidyamAna haiM, ye 17 vIM zatI se 19 vIM zatI ke madhya nirmita hai| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki yaha nagarI 11 vIM zatI se hI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hai aura Aja bhI isakA prAcIna gaurava 1. khaMDila --DiMDUAyaNa narANa-harasaDara khaTTaUdese / nAgauramuvvidaMtisu saMbharidesaMmi vaMdemi // 24 // dalAla, sI0 DI0--DiskRpTiva kaiTalaoNga oNpha mainyuskuipTsa ina da jaina bhaMDArsa aiTa pATana pR0 156 2. AdaraNIya zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA se ukta sUcanA prApta huI hai, jisake liye lekhaka unakA AbhArI hai| 3. nAhaTA, agaracanda, bhaMvaralAla-- saMpA0 aitihAsikajainakAvyasaMgraha (klakattA vi0saM0 1994 ) pR0 67 / 4. zAha, ambAlAla-jainatIrthasarvasaMgrahatIrthasUcI, pR0 379-382

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( 74 ) vidyamAna hai| rAjasthAna prAnta ke vartamAna jodhapura jile meM sojataroDa relave sTezana se 7 mIla dUra yaha tIrtha sthita hai|' 11. satyapura tIrtha satyapura ( vartamAna sAMcora ) jainoM kA eka prasiddha tIrthaM hai| jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke antargata isa tIrtha para eka svatantra kalpa likhA hai, jisakI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM "nAhar3a rAya nAmaka eka rAjapUtra ne jajjigasari nAmaka eka jainAcArya kI preraNA se satyapura nagarI meM jina mahAvIra kI pItala kI pratimA evaM jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA / vIranirvANa samvat 600 ke lagabhaga ukta jainAcArya ne usa pratimA ko navanirmita caitya meM sthApita kiyaa| vi0saM0 845 meM gajanIpati hammIra ne valabhI nagarI ke eka zreSThI rAMkA ke AmantraNa para valabhI nareza zIlAditya para AkramaNa kiyA aura use parAjita kara mAra DAlA evaM usakI nagarI kA bhaMga kiyaa| vi0saM0 1081 meM gajanIpati gujarAta ko lUTate hue satyapura pahu~cA aura yahA~ sthita mahAvIra caityAlaya ko naSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA, jo viphala rhaa| mAlavanareza gujarAta para AkramaNArtha satyapura kI sImA taka A pahu~ce, parantu brahmazAnti ke prabhAva se bhayAkrAnta ho ve vApasa lauTa gye| vi0saM0 1348 meM deza para mugaloM kA bhISaNa AkramaNa huaa| ve eka ke bAda dUsare pradeza ko lUTate hue satyapura kI sImA taka Agaye, parantu isI samaya unheM baghelAnareza sAraMgadeva ke Agamana kI bAta jJAta huI aura ve vApasa lauTa gye| vi0saM0 1356 meM alAuddIna khilajI ke choTe bhAI ulagUkhAna ne citrakUTa aura gujarAta para AkramaNa kiyaa| citrakUTa ke nareza samarasiMha ne kara dekara mevAr3a kI rakSA kii| isake bAda vaha pazcima kI ora bar3hA aura mehasANA, bAgar3a Adi dezoM ko lUTatA huA AzApallI taka gyaa| rAjA karNadeva ne bhAga kara apanI jAna bcaayii| isake pazcAt usane vAmanasthalI jAkara mANDalika rAjA ko daMDita kiyaa| somanAtha ke maMdira ko naSTa kara usake aneka avazeSoM ko dillI bheja diyaa| isa prakAra saurASTra ko 1. zAha-ambAlAla, pUrvokta, pR0 379-382 /

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( 75 ) apane sAmrAjya meM milAne ke pazcAt vaha vApasa lauTa gyaa| isa bAra bhI AkramaNakAriyoM ne satyapura ke mahAvIra jinAlaya ko koI kSati nahIM phuNcaayii| vi0saM0 1367 meM alAuddIna khilajI ne yahA~ AkramaNa kiyA tathA caityAlaya ko naSTa kara pratimA apane sAtha dillI le gyaa|" satyapura kA sarvaprathama ullekha caulukya nareza mUlarAja 'prathama' ( I0 san 941-996 ) ke vi0saM0 1052/I0 san 995 ke eka dAna zAsana' meM prApta hotA hai / isIprakAra satyapura sthita mahAvIra caityAlaya kA sarvaprathama ullekha paramAranareza bhoja ( I0 san 1011-1055 ) ke maMtrI dhanapAla dvArA racita "satyapuramahAvIrajinotsAha' nAmaka stotra meM huA hai / ina vivaraNoM ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha nagarI 10vIM zatIke lagabhaga kabhI astitva meM AyI hogI aura I0 san kI 11 vIM zatI ke AsapAsa isa mahAvIra jinAlaya kA nirmANa huA hogaa| isa tathya ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue jinaprabha ke isa bAta jisake anusAra vIranirvANa ke 600 varSa pazcAt yahA~ mahAvIra kA jinAlaya nirmita karAyA gayA, yaha bAta svIkArya nahIM pratIta hotii| jahA~ taka nirmANakartA kA prazna hai, ho sakatA hai ki nAhar3a rAya nAmaka kisI vyakti ne ukta nirmANa karAyA ho| granthakAra ne vi0saM0 845 meM valabhI nagarI para gajanI ke sulatAna dvArA AkramaNa karane kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha satya hai ki I0 san 8vIM zatI ke antima caraNa meM bhArata para videzI AkramaNa haA, parantu yaha AkramaNa araboM kI ora se huA thA na ki gajanI ke sultAna kI ora se| dUsare vi0saM0 845 meM yaha AkramaNa nahIM huA balki vi0saM0 833 ke lagabhaga huA thA / ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jinaprabha kI yaha mAnyatA truTipUrNa hai| 1. ipigrAphiyAiMDikA, jilda 10, pR0 78 / 2. jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, varSa 3, aGka 2 ke antargata prakAzita / 3. DA0 dazaratha zarmA rAjasthAna thro da ejeja, (bIkAnera, I0 san 1966, pR0 122 ora Age) ne nAhaDarAya ko pratihAra nareza nAgabhaTTa 'prathama, jisakA 8vIM zatI I0 san kA uttarArdha mAnA jAtA hai, se samakRta kiyA hai| parantu hameM 10 vIM zatI se pahale satyapura ke astitva kA hI patA nahIM calatA ataH yaha bAta svIkAra nahIM kI jA sktii| 4. virjI, ke0 je0-ainzeMTa hisTrI oNpha saurASTra, pR0 102 /

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( 76 ) granthakAra ne vi0saM0 1081 meM gajanIpati dvArA gujarAta para AkramaNa karane ke pazcAt satyapura sthita mahAvIra jinAlaya ko naSTa karane kA asaphala prayAsa karate hue ullikhita kiyA hai| yaha AkramaNakArI mahamUda gajanavI thA, jisane vi0 saM0 1081 meM bhArata para AkramaNa kiyA thA tathA somanAtha ke saMdira ko lUTa liyA thaa| yaha bAta anya sAkSyoM se bhI spaSTa rUpa se jJAta hotI hai|' mahAkavi dhanapAla ne bhI kahA hai ki turkoM ne dhAra, zrImAla, aNahilavAr3a, candrAvatI Adi sthAnoM para sthita jinAlayoM ko naSTa kara diyA, parantu satyapura ke mahAvIra maMdira ko kSati pahu~cAne meM ve asaphala rhe| isaprakAra jinaprabha kI yaha bAta, jisakA anya sAkSyoM se bhI samarthana hotA hai, prAmANika mAnI jA sakatI hai| granthakAra ve mAlavanareza dvArA gujarAta para AkramaNArtha satyapura taka pahu~cane kA ullekha kiyA hai, parantu unhoMne AkrAmaka kA nAma, ghaTanA kI tithi Adi bAtoM kI carcA nahIM kI hai| AkrAmaka kA AkramaNa kiye binA lauTa jAnA evaM tatsambandhI jisa ghaTanA kI carcA unhoMne kI hai vaha aura anaitihAsika hai| isake sAtha-sAtha anya kisI bhI sAkSya se mAlava nareza dvArA gujarAta para AkramaNa karane kA ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| ataH jinaprabha kA yaha vivaraNa bhrAmaka mAnA jA sakatA hai / vi0saM0 1348 meM unhoMne deza para mugala AkramaNa hone kI bAta kahI hai| parantu isa tithi meM bhAratavarSa para kisI videzI AkramaNa kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| vi0saM0 1342 I0 san 1285 meM yahA~ maMgoloM kA AkramaNa avazya huA thA, usa samaya balavana ( I0 san 1266-1286 ) dillI kA bAdazAha thaa| usake jyeSTha putra muhammada ne maMgoloM ko harA kara vApasa lauTane ko vivaza kara diyA, parantu vaha svayaM isa yuddha meM mArA gyaa| lekina isa sambandha meM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki yaha ghaTanA graMthakAra ke yauvanAvasthA meM ghaTita huI thI ataH vicAraNIya hai| 1. majumadAra aura pusAlakara-da sTragila phaoNra empAyala, (bambaI, 1966) pR0 6 aura aage| 2. "satyapuramahAvIrajinotsAha", gAthA 5-7 jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, varSa 3, aGka 2 meM prkaashit| 3. majumadAra aura pusAlakara-pUrvokta, pR0 155 /

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( 77 ) alAuddIna khilajI ke bhAI ulagUkhAna ne cittaur3a aura gujarAta para AkramaNa kiyA thaa| jinaprabhasUri ne isa AkramaNa kI tithi vi0saM0 1356|ii0 san 1299 batalAyI hai| muslima itihAsa lekhakoM ne bhI prAyaH yahI tithi batalAyI hai|' alAuddIna ne vi0 saM0 1367/I0 san 1310 meM rAjaputAnA para AkramaNa kara sivAnA aura jAlora ko jIta liyA aura unheM apane sAmrAjya meM milA liyaa| isa saMdarbha meM jinaprabha kA yaha kathana ki usane satyapura ke mahAvIra caityAlaya ko naSTa kiyA, evaM pratimA ko dillI bheja diyA, vizvasanIya pratIta hotA hai| eka vijetA aura muslima zAsaka hone ke nAte vaha garva se prAyaH aneka devAlayoM ko naSTa karatA huA vApasa lauTA hogaa| ukta vivaraNoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki satyapura para prathama bAra vi0saM0 1081 meM mahamUda gajanavI dvArA AkramaNa kiyA gayA aura dUsarA AkramaNa alAuddIna khilajI dvArA vi0saM0 1367 meM kiyA gyaa| isa bIca ke varSoM meM yahA~ zAnti rahI aura isa tIrtha kA bahuta mahattva rahA / yaha bAta yahA~ se prApta vi0 saM0 1225,3 vi0saM0 12424, vi0saM0 12775, aura vi0saM0 13226 ke abhilekhoM jJAta hotI hai| isake alAvA caulukya nareza ajayapAla ( vi0 saM0 1229-1232 ) ke daNDanAyaka AlhaNa ne yahA~ ke vIracaitya meM mahAvIra svAmI kI pratimA sthApita kraayii| vi0 saM0 1288 ke lagabhaga vastupAla-tejapAla ne isa tIrtha ke mahimAsvarUpa giranAra parvata para 1. majumadAra aura pusAlakara-dillI saltanata, (bambaI, 1967) pR0 19 / vahI, pR0 33 / 2. vahI, pR0 33 / 3. nAhara pUrana canda-jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga 1-3 (kalakattA I0 1918-29) lekhAGka 932 / 4. jaina, kailAza candra-ainzeMTa sirIja eNDa TAunsa oNpha rAjasthAna, (dillI, I0 san 1972) pR0 198 / 5. zAha, ambAlAla-jainatIrthasarvasaMgraha, pR0 305 / 6. vahI, pR0 305 / 7. desAI, mohana lAla dalIcaMda-jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa (bambaI, I0 san 1933 ) pR0 342 /

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( 78 ) 'satyapurIyAvatAra' nAmaka maMdira kA nirmANa kraayaa| isaprakAra spaSTa hotA hai ki 12-14 vIM zatI meM satyapura eka atyanta prasiddha tIrtha ke ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rahA aura isI prasiddhi ke kAraNa hI vidharmI logoM ne isakA nAza kiyaa| satyapura Aja sAMcora ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| yaha sthAna vartamAna rAjasthAna prAnta ke jodhapura zahara se 212 ki0 mI0 dakSiNa pazcima meM lUNI nadI ke taTa para sthita hai| yahA~ Aja 5 jinAlaya vidyamAna haiM parantu ve Adhunika kAla ke haiM / yahA~ kA prAcIna jinAlaya sarvathA naSTa ho cukA hai| 1. sukRtakIrtikallolinyAdivastupAlaprazastisaMgraha, saMpA0 muni jina jiyamuni ( siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 5, bambaI vi0saM0 2017 ) pR0 44-48 / 2. jaina, kailAzacandra-pUrvokta, pR0 198 / 3. tripuTI mahArAja-jainatIrthono itihAsa, pR0 316

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siyA and asiyA TWO PRAKRIT FORMS AND PISCHEL ON THEM* -Dinanath Sharma While preparing the word-index cards of the Acaranga Srutaskandha I, I came across two Prakrit forms. viz. siyA ( sitA ) and asiyA ( asitA ) and looking for their meanings I was surprised to find that their meanings in Sanskrit and Hindi translations were in agreement but Pischel differs from their meaning given in Hindi translation and Sanskrit paraphrase or translation of Prakrit text. The concerned Sanskrit and Hindi translation are as follows: I saMti pANA puDho sitA ' (a) Sanskrit paraphrase according to Pujya Silamkacarya is as fo lows: * *This paper was read at the 32nd All India Oriental Conference, held at Ahmedabad in October, 1985. 1. Acaranga P-1, Ch-1, Ud-2, Su-11. Editor-Jambuvijayji, Mahavir bay-1977. Jain Vidyalaya, Bom

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( 80 ) santi prANAH pRthak zritAH * (b) Sanskrit translation : santi vidyante prANAH sattvAH pRthak pRthagbhAvena aGgulAsaGkhyeya svadehAvagAhanayA pRthivyA AzritAH / sitA vA sambaddhA ityarthaH / (c) Hindi translation : pRthvIkAyika jIva pRthak-pRthak zarIroM meM Azrita haiM / 1 English translation: See! there are beings individually embodied in the earth. 5 II. The some reading is available at other place in acaranga. 6 III. One more reference is as follows : sitA vege aNugacchati asitA vege aNugacchati / " (a) Sanskrit rendering : sitAH vA eke anugacchanti asitAH vA eke anugacchanti / (b) Sanskrit Commentary : sitAH putrakalatrAdibhiravabaddhAH vA uttarApekSayA pakSAntaramAha 'eke' laghukarmANaH samyaktvaM pratipAdayantamAcAryaM anugacchanti AcAryoktaM pratipadyante tathA asitA vA gRhavAsavimuktA vA eke AcArya anugacchanti / " 2. Shri Acaranga Commentary by Silankacarya. Sri Siddhacakrasahitya Pracaraka Samiti, Bombay, 1935 A. D. 3. Ibid. 4. ayaro, Editor - Muri Nathmal, Jain Vishwa Bharati, Ladnun. 2031 V. S. 5. Prof. H. Jacobi (SBE. Vol. XXII, P. 3). 6. acaranga 1-1-6-3 ( Jambuvijayji ). 7. acaranga 1-5-5-2 ( Jambuvijayji's ). 8. Acaranga silankacarya's Commentary. 9. Ibid.

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(81) (c) Hindi translation :-- sAMsArika bandhanoM ke Azrita manuSya AcArya kA anusaraNa karate haiM aura bhautikatA se vimukta manuSya bhI AcArya kA anusaraNa karate haiM / 10 (d) English translation :-- Some bound (by worldly ties ) are followers (i. e. understand the truth). Some, who are not bound are followers. 11 In these references far is for Skt. far: or faal:, Hindi : Azrita or baddha and English embodied and asiyA is for Sanskrit azritAH, asitA: Hindi mukta; English : not bound. It is clear that these are past passive forms of the roots or f which are used as nominative plural. But Pischel explains as optative forms of the root /as ( syAt and na syAt ). It is sure that the Prakrit text which Prof. Pischel consulted might have been other than what I have referred to. No matter whatever may be the edition of the text but the context remains the same. Therefore, I feel that Prof. Pischel has been misled in explaining these two nominal forms as optative verbal forms. Whether, we may rely or not on the text edited by other scholars, the text of Shubring, a renowned authority on the subject is as follows:--- gat-faur, gar-arfer It means these two words are in the nominal 10. Ayaro (Muni Nathmalji ). 11. SBE. (Prof. H. Jacobi ) Vol-XXII,

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( 82 ) form of a compound. Thus it proves that fhut and 3fhat are nominal forms and not verbal optative forms. Under the circumstances I suggest that this correction in light of the available evidence be applied. Asstt. Research Officer P. V. Research Institute Varanasi-5

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zodhaprabandha-sAra bhaTTa akalaMkakRta laghIyastraya eka dArzanika adhyayana zodhakartA-hemantakumAra jaina sArAMza prastuti --DA0 kapUracanda jaina bhaTTa akalaMka jaina nyAya aura darzana ke eka vyavasthApaka AcArya haiN| pUrva paramparA se prApta jisa cintana kI dArzanika dRSTi se adamya tArkika samantabhadra aura siddhasena jaise mahAna AcAryoM ne nIMva ke rUpa meM pratiSThApanA kI thI, usI nIMva ke Upara sakalatArkika cakracUr3AmaNibhaTTaakalaMka ne jaina nyAya aura tarkazAstra kA abheda aura cirasthAyI prAsAda khar3A kiyA hai| unhoMne apane samakAlIna vikasita darzanAntarIya vicAradhArAoM ke gahana adhyayanapUrvaka apane granthoM meM unakI vistRta samIkSA karake sarvaprathama pramANa, prameya, pramAtA Adi sabhI padArthoM kA saMskRta bhASA meM atyanta sUkSma nirUpaNa tAkika zailI se upasthita kiyA aura sUtra-zailI meM atyanta gUr3ha aise graMthoM kA sRjana kiyA, jo kabhI usa samaya jaina paramparA meM khala rahI thii| bAda meM bhadra akalaMka ke ina granthoM para prabhAcandra, anantavIrya, vAdirAja, abhayacandra jaise AcAryoM ne bRhad bhASya grantha likha ddaale| akalaMka ne pramANa-paribhASA, usake phala, viSaya, mukhya pratyakSa, sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa, parokSa pramANAntargata anumAnAdi, jaya-parAjaya vyavasthA, bAda kathA Adi ko paribhASita karake jaina nyAya ko itanA vyavasthita aura samRddha kara diyA thA ki unake bAda Aja taka kisI ko navIna cintana kI AvazyakatA nahIM pdd'ii| aise mahAn dArzanika kI kRtiyoM meM se eka kRti "laghIyastraya' ke dArzanika vivecana ke rUpa meM likhA gayA yaha zodha-prabandha merA eka prathama evaM laghu prayatna hai / isameM laghIyastraya ke dArzanika pakSoM ko spaSTa karane vAle ATha adhyAya rakhe gaye haiM, jisakA adhyAya krama se saMkSipta vivaraNa yahA~ prastuta hai|

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( 84 ) akalaMka kA vyaktitva evaM kRtitva itanA mahAn thA ki loga unake nAma ko jina kA paryAya samajhane lage the| niHsandeha inakI kRtiyoM, zilAlekhoM, granthAntara sandarbho, kathAoM Adi se unake virATa vyaktitva kA patA calatA hai| mahAn zAstrArthI aura vAda-vijetA ke rUpa meM cAturdika unakI khyAti thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve jaina vAr3amaya meM saphalatArkikacakracUr3AmaNi, tarkabhUvallabha, mahaddhika, tarkazAstravAdIdasiMha, samadarzI Adi vizeSaNoM se jAne jAte haiN| prathama adhyAya ke prathama pariccheda meM unake vyaktitva se sambandhita inhIM vizeSatAoM para zilAlekha Adi upalabdha sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| jIvanavRtta se sambandhita "laghuhavva" sandarbha jo ki kSepaka ke rUpa meM pratIta hotA hai, usakI anyatra kahIM puSTi nahIM hotii| kathAoM meM bhI unakA jIvanavRtta prApta hotA hai, para isakI anya kisI bhI sandarbha se prAmANikatA siddha nahIM hotii| isI tAratamya meM samIkSaka vidvAnoM kI upalabdha sAmagrI ke AdhAra para akalaMka ke samaya para kiye gaye vicAroM kA punarIkSaNa kiyA gayA hai| vaha isaliye Avazyaka huA ki kaI vidvAnoM ne akalaMka kA samaya bAda kA nirdhArita karake unakA sambandha guru-ziSya ke rUpa meM samantabhadra se jor3akara jaina darzana ke itihAsa meM bhramamUlaka niSkarSa nikAle haiM, jo bilkula nirAdhAra haiM / isakA samAdhAna vibhinna samayoM meM likhe gaye AcAryoM dvArA apane granthoM meM akalaMka ke nAma se evaM akalaMka kI kRtiyoM ke antaraMga parIkSaNa se ho jAtA hai / samaya-nirdhAraNa meM "laghuhavva' nAmaka kathAoM meM Aye "zubhatuMga' kA prasaMga Adi samIkSakoM ke pradhAna sahAyaka rhe| jinakI aitihAsika rAjAoM ke samaya se saMgati baiThAkara vidvAnoMne samaya nirdhAraNa ke prayatna kiye haiN| sampUrNa tathyoM ke avalokana ke bAda yaha satya pratIta hotA hai ki akalaMka kA samaya AThavIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha honA caahie| isa prakAra prastuta adhyAya ke prathama pariccheda meM akalaMka ke jIvanavRtta aura samaya kA, mUla sAmagrI se milAnakara punarIkSaNa kiyA gayA hai| bIsavIM zatAbdI ke mahAn samAlocaka vidvAn sva0 DaoN0 mahendra kumAra jaina ne akalaMka kI kRtiyoM kA aMtaraMga evaM bahiraMga rUpa se gahana AloDana kiyA hai| yahI nahIM, unhoMne agAdha parizramapUrvaka

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TIkA granthoM se nyAyavinizcaya aura siddhivinizcaya jaise granthoM ko khojakara unakA svayaM sampAdana kiyA aura unakI gaveSaNApUrNa bhUmikAe~ likhiiN| laghIyastrayAdisaMgraha ke rUpa meM samavetarUpa se akalaMka ke tIna granthoM kA bhI sampAdana kiyA aura vidvattApUrNa bhUmikA likhii| hama samajhate haiM unake bAda vaise sampAdana kA digambara paramparA meM bilkula hI abhAva sA ho gyaa| hama yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki unake bAda saMskRta meM likhe gaye akalaMka ke granthoM kA artha na samajhane vAle vidvAnoM ke lie sva0 DaoN0 jaina kI kRtiyA~ evaM vibhinna granthoM meM likhI gayI bhUmikAe~ akalaMka, jainanyAya evaM darzana kA hArda samajhane ke liye paryApta haiN| prathama adhyAya ke prastuta isa dvitIya pariccheda meM akalaMka ke granthoM kA saMkSipta paricaya sva0 DaoN0 jaina ke adhyayana ke AdhAra para taiyAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM hamane yahA~ koziza kI hai ki una kRtiyoM kA vAstavika parimANa evaM kRtitva kA pramANa aura antaraMga paricaya saMkSipta rUpa meM sAmane A jaaye| isa adhyayana meM hamane dekhA ki unakI upalabdha kRtiyA~ mAtra chaha hI prApta hotI haiM, jinakA nAmakaraNa akalaMka ke paravartI AcAryoM dvArA kiyA gayA jAna par3atA hai, kyoMki una graMthoM kA nAma akalaMka kA diyA huA hai, aisI sUcanA unake granthoM se prApta nahIM hotii| unakI sampUrNa kRtiyA~ bhASya aura svataMtra ina do rUpoM meM prApta hotI haiN| unakI kucha svataMtra kRtiyA~ aisI haiM, jina para unhoMne svayaM vRtti yA bhASya likhA hai / unakI upalabdha pramukha kRtiyA~ isa prakAra haiM 1. tattvArthavArtika (vArtika evaM usa para bhASya) 2. aSTazatI (AptamImAMsAlaMkAra, bhASya) 3. laghIyastraya (savRtti) 4. nyAyavinizcaya (savRtti) 5. siddhivinizcaya (savRtti) 6. pramANasaMgraha ina kRtiyoM ke atirikta svarUpasaMbodhana Adi aura bhI kRtiyA~ haiM, jo upalabdha to haiM parantu vivAdagrasta mAnI jAtI haiN| anupalabdha evaM vivAdagrasta kRtiyA~ bRhattraya aura nyAyacUlikA mAnI jAtI haiM / prastuta pariccheda meM uparyukta sabhI kRtiyoM kA antaraMga evaM bahiraMga paricaya saMkSepa meM diyA gayA hai|

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( 86 ) merA zodha kA viSaya "bhaTTAkalaMkakRtalaghIyastraya : eka dArzanika vivecana' hone ke kAraNa pariccheda tRtIya meM laghIyastraya kA vizeSa paricaya diyA gayA hai| isameM isake vAstavika parimANa nirdhArita karane ke sAtha "laghIyastraya' ke rUpa meM graMtha ke nAma para vizeSa UhApohapUrvaka vicAra kiyA gayA hai| antaraMga viSaya-vastu ke paricaya ke antargata praveza aura pariccheda ke krama se pramANa, naya aura pravacana ke sambandha meM unake vicAroM ko rakhA gayA hai| ___ "pramANamImAMsA kI Agamika paramparA jJAnamImAMsA' nAmaka dvitIya adhyAya ke pariccheda prathama meM tIrthaMkaroM se lekara akalaMka taka pramANa ke Agamika rUpa, jJAna kI carcA kI gayI hai| isameM hama pAte haiM ki kisa prakAra pramANa ke abhAva meM jJAna se usakA kArya kiyA jAtA thaa| vastutaH paramparAgata samyak aura mithyA ke rUpa meM jJAna kA vargIkaraNa eka taraha se pramANa aura pramANAbhAsa ke pUrvarUpa kI sUcanA detA hai| pratyakSa aura parokSa ke rUpa meM, paramparA se cale Aye jJAna ke ina do bhedoM ko AdhAra mAnakara jJAnoM kA kisa prakAra pramANoM meM vargIkaraNa huA, isakA varNana prastuta adhyAya ke dvitIya pariccheda meM kiyA gayA hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki paramparAgata pratyakSa aura parokSa jJAnoM ke AdhAra para bAda ke dArzanikoM dvArA unheM spaSTa rUpa meM pratyakSa pramANa aura parokSa pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA / AtmasApekSa pratyakSa aura indriya evaM anindriya sApekSa parokSa ke rUpa meM vibhAjita usa jJAna gaMgA kI dhArArUpI paramparA kundakunda taka anavarata rUpa se pravAhita hotI rahI, parantu jJAna ko pramANa-rUpa meM svIkRti dene vAle umAsvAmI aura unake bAda ke AcAryoM dvArA anindriya sApekSa jJAna ko AtmasApekSa jJAna ke sAtha saMyukta kara liyA gayA, bAda meM yaha pramANoM ke vargIkaraNa kA mukhya AdhAra bana gyaa| tatpazcAt pramANa kI aneka paribhASAe~ dI gayIM aura akalaMka ne jJAna ko pramANa mAnakara aura usameM anadhigatArtha, avisaMvAdI aura vyavasAyAtmaka jaise padoM kA samAveza kara pramANa kI eka akATara paribhASA dI / "pramANamImAMsA" nAmaka prastuta tRtIya adhyAya ke pari.. ccheda prathama meM isakA aitihAsika sandarbha meM mUlyAMkana kiyA gayA hai . isI adhyAya bA dvitIya pariccheda meM darzanAntara sammata pramukha pramAe

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( 87 ) paribhASAoM kI samIkSA karake pariccheda tRtIya meM pramANa ke bhedoM kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| "pratyakSa pramANa' nAmaka caturtha adhyAya meM mukhya-pratyakSa aura sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke rUpa ye do pariccheda rakhe gaye haiN| isameM sarvaprathama pratyakSa pramANa ke svarUpa kI vizadatA kA samAlocanAtmaka dRSTi se Akalana karate hue unake bhedoM kI carcA kI gayI hai| tatpazcAt mukhya pratyakSa kA svarUpa evaM atIndriya jJAna----kevalajJAna ke pratipAdanapUrvaka vibhinna uktiyoM dvArA yaha siddha kiyA gayA hai ki sunizcita rUpa se sarvajJa ke astitva meM bAdhaka pramANoM kA abhAva hone se vaha svayaM hI siddha hai| "mukhya pratyakSa' nAmaka isa pariccheda meM uparyukta carcA ke sAtha avadhijJAna aura manaHparyayajJAnoM ke saMkSipta svarUpa kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| ___ "sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa'' nAmaka isa adhyAya ke dvitIya pariccheda meM isake svarUpa aura avAntara bhedoM kI carcA kI gayI hai| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki paramparA se parokSa ke rUpa meM svIkRta matijJAna meM kisa prakAra zabdayojanA se pahale pratyakSatva hai| isakI evaM isake bhedoM kI sAMvyavAhArika ke bheda-indriya pratyakSa evaM anindriya pratyakSa ke antargata samIkSA kI gayI hai| ___ "parokSa pramANa kI paribhASA evaM bheda'' nAmaka paMcama adhyAya ke prathama pariccheda meM aitihAsika vivecanapUrvaka yaha dikhAyA gayA hai ki zabdayojanA hone para smRti, saMjJA, cintA Adi parokSa kyoM ho jAte haiM / tatpacAt dvitIya pariccheda meM smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama ina parokSa ke pA~ca bhedoM kI vistRta samIkSA kI gayI hai, jisameM inake svarUpa evaM avAntara bhedoM ke nirUpaNa ke sAtha darzanAntarIya matoM kI tulanAtmaka samIkSA kI gayI hai| isameM ina pramANoM ke mAnane kA AdhAra inakA svAtaMtrya Adi viSayoM para vizeSa dhyAna kendrita kiyA gayA hai| anumAna (pratyabhijJAna) pramANa ke antargata usakA svarUpa, vyApti kA svarUpa, ekalakSaNa kA svarUpa, hetu kA svarUpa evaM usake bhedAdi kA tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vimarza upasthita kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt aMta meM Agama-zruta pramANa kI carcA kI gayI hai / darzanA

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(88) ntara sammata upamAna, arthApatti Adi pramANoM kA parokSa pramANa meM vibhinna yuktiyoMpUrvaka antarbhAva dikhAyA gayA hai| "pramANa kA viSaya, phala aura pramANAbhAsa'' ke pratipAdana ke lie adhyAya SaSTha rakhA gayA hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki pramANa kA viSaya dravya paryAyAtmaka, utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvyayUkta artha, anekAtmaka haiN| isalie pramANa ke viSaya kI upalabdhi ekAntika dRSTi se nahIM kI jA sktii| isa prasaMga meM bauddhAdi ke gamya svalakSaNa, kSaNikavAda, santAnavAda, nityavAda Adi kI samIkSA kI gayI hai| pramANaphala kI carcA meM yaha siddha kiyA gayA hai ki yugapad sarvAvabhAsaka jJAna-pramANa kA phala upekSA; kramabhAvi jJAna-pramANa kA phala upekSA tathA heya evaM upAdeya buddhi hai tathA sabhI jJAna-pramANa kA phala apane viSaya meM ajJAna kA nAza hai| gati Adi jJAnoM meM sAkSAtphala aura paramparA phala ke sayuktika vivecanapUrvaka avagrahAdi bhedoM kI pramANaphala vyavasthA batAyI gayI hai| isI anukrama meM pramANapatra ke bhinnatva-abhinnatva para vicAra karane ke sAtha vibhinna matAvalambiyoM kI pramANaphala kI vyavasthA kI samIkSA kI gayI hai| pramANAbhAsa kI carcA meM pramANAbhAsa kA svarUpa, bheda, unake AdhAra tathA anya matAvalambiyoM ke mata ko kisa pramANAbhAsa ke antargata rakhA jAya; ityAdi para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| ___adhyAya saptama "nayasImAMsA'' meM tIna pariccheda haiN| prathama pariccheda meM sakalAdezI naya kI paribhASA para vizeSa rUpa se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isase sambandhita vibhinna pakSoM-jJAtA kA abhiprAya, vaktA-zrotA kI sthiti, naya ke svarUpa kI aitihAsika dRSTi, sunaya-durnaya Adi para vicAra karake, naya ke bhedoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM btaay| gayA hai ki dravyAthika aura paryAyAthikake rUpa meM mulanaya do hI haiN| parantu nayoM kA arthanaya aura zabdanaya ke rUpa meM bhI vibhAjana kiyA jA sakatA hai| naigamAdi nayoM ko inhIM naya ke mala do bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| isa prasaMga meM akalaMka ke ina kathana se ki "nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya dravyAthika aura paryAyArthika naya ke Azrita naya haiM'' nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI samasyA kA samAdhAna ho jAtA hai| isa adhyAya ke dravyArthika naya nAmaka dvitIya pariccheda meM dravyAthika naya kI vyutpatti, svarUpa, arthAya ke rUpa meM usakI mAnyatA Adi ke vicArapUrvaka isake bhela

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( 89 ) negama, saMgraha, vyavahAra aura RjusUtra nayoM kI mImAMsA anya darzanoM ke sAtha tulanAtmaka DhaMga se prastuta kI gayI hai / "paryAyArthika naya' nAmaka pariccheda tRtIya meM paryAyArthika naya kI paribhASA, usake bheda, zabdAdi nayoM ko paryAyArthika naya ke antargata rakhane ke kAraNa zabdAdi nayoM kA svarUpa Adi ke pratipAdanapUrvaka isa adhyAya ke anta meM nayAbhAsoM kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| prava vana athavA Agama : "pramANamImAMsA" nAmaka aSTama adhyAya ko do paricchedoM me vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| prathama pariccheda meM pravacana kA svarUpa, usakI pramANatA kA AdhAra, viSayavastu, adhigama ke upAya pramANa, naya, nikSepa, zruta ke upayoga, pravacana kA prayojana evaM phala Adi ke bAre meM likhA gayA hai / mukhya aura sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa mati, zruta Adi ke pratyakSa aura parokSatva Adi se sambandhita akalaMka kI kucha aisI vyavasthA thI, jisake kAraNa pratIta hotA hai ki akalaMka ko svataMtra rUpa meM pravacanapraveza likhanA pdd'aa| jisameM unhoMne paramparA se prApta cintana ko vivecita kiyA hai| isameM unhoMne kahA hai ki sarvajJa, siddha, paramAtmA kA anuzAsana hI pravacana hai / Apta kI vApI pravacana hai / isa dRSTi se pravacana yA Agama kI pramANatA kA mukhya AdhAra Apta ke guNa siddha hote haiN| pravacana kI yaha paramparA anAdikAlIna hai aura usakA viSaya jIva-ajIvAdi ke anekAntAtmaka svarUpa kA pratipAdana hai, jisakA pratipAdana syAdavAdapaddhati se kiyA jAtA hai| unake adhigama ke lie pramANa, naya, nikSepa Adi sAdhana ke rUpa meM mAne gaye haiN| ina sabhI kA ukta adhyAya ke prathama pariccheda meM pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya pariccheda meM zrata ke syAdvAda aura naya ke rUpa meM do upayogoM kI carcA ke sAtha atyanta Avazyaka hone ke kAraNa anekAntavAda kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt laghI yastraya ke pravacanapraveza ke AdhAra para syAdvAda, naya, zrata, naya ke bheda, nikSepa kA svarUpa bheda evaM usakA prayojana pravacana kA phala evaM pravacana zAstra abhyAsa kI vidhi Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| niHsandeha jaina nyAya aura darzana kI paryAya ke rUpa meM akalaMka ko yadi mAnA jAye to atyukti nahIM hogI, kyoMki unhoMne hI sarvaprathama

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( 90 ) jaina darzana meM anya darzanoM meM vikasita darzana aura nyAya ke samAna jainanyAya aura darzana ko saMskRtabhASA meM nivaddha kara laghIyastraya jaise mahAn sUtrAtmaka graMthoM kA praNayana kiyaa| ina granthoM meM unhoMne hI paramparA se prApta cintana ko yuga ke anurUpa DhA~ce meM DhAlane ke liye sarvaprathama pramANa, prameya, naya Adi kI akATaya paribhASAyeM sthira kI tathA anya paramparAoM meM prasiddha nyAya aura tarkazAstra ke aise bIja jo jaina paramparA meM nahIM the, svIkAra kara unheM Agamika rUpa diyA / anta meM "upasaMhAra" hai, jisameM bhaTTa akalaMka dvArA jaina nyAya aura darzana ke kSetra meM kiye gaye unake avadAna kA saMkSepa meM ullekha karate hue zodha ke niSkarSoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| pariziSTa meM sandarbha grantha sUcI evaM bhaTa akalaMka viSayaka vibhinna patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita zodha lekhoM kI sUcI prastuta kI gayI hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM aitihAsika dRSTi se jaina nyAya ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna dilAne vAle bhaTTa akalaMka prathama AcArya haiM, jinhoMne apane tIna prakaraNoM vAle sUtrazailI meM nibaddha laghu grantha 'ladhIyasya" meM jaina nyAya kA tArkika vivecana kiyA hai|| akalaMka aura unake laghIyastraya viSayaka upayukta adhyayana ke AdhAra para hama saMkSepa meM kaha sakate haiM ki laghIyastraya bhaTTAkalaMka kA eka mahAna dArzanika grantha hai, jisa para kiyA gayA merA yaha dArzanika adhyayana eka laghu prayAsa hai / hama samajhate haiM ki jaina nyAya aura darzana ko samajhane ke lie yahI eka grantha paryApta hai| aba AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki bhaTTa akalaMka ke granthoM kA rASTrabhASA meM prAmANika anuvAda ho, jisase saMskRta na jAnane vAle samIkSaka jaina tyAya aura darzana kA mUlyAMkana karake bhAratIya nyAyazAstra ke itiha sa meM bhaTTa akalaMka evaM unake avadAna kA nirdhAraNa kara skeN|

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vidyAzrama samAcAra vigana 3 mAha ( julAI-agasta-sitambara ) meM pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama kI gatividhiyA~ isa prakAra rahIM---- saMsthAna ke nidezaka pro. sAgaramala jaina ne durga meM Ayojita jayamala jayantI samAroha ke avasara para di0 2-9-90 ko dharma eka, paMtha aneka nAmaka viSaya para vyAkhyAna diyaa| isI prakAra unhoMne puNe vizvavidyAlaya aura puNe jaina saMgha ke saMyukta tattvAvadhAna meM puNe meM Ayojita eka saMgoSThI meM di016-9-90 ko jaina dharma kA ujjavala itihAsa nAmaka viSaya para eka vyAkhyAna diyaa| di0 20-9-90 ko unhoMne dhuliyA meM vicakSaNavyAkhyAnamAlA ke antargata svAdhyAya aura sAdhanA para eka vyAkhyAna diyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna dvArA saMcAlita rukmiNI devI dIpacandra gArDI ucca adhyayana kendra ke antargata jaina vidyA ke uccastarIya adhyayana kI evaM snAtakottara pramANapatrIyaparIkSA kI kakSAyeM prArambha ho gayI haiN| prANapatropAdhi pAThyakrama aura uccaadhyayana pAThyakrama hetu 10-10 medhAvI chAtroM kA cunAva kara unheM praveza diyA gayA hai| saMsthAna meM virAjita sAdhu-sAdhvI bhI ukta pAThyakramoM ke adhyayana kA lAbha le rahe haiM / saMsthAna meM pro0 esa0 bI0 deva kA vyAkhyAna jaina vidyA aura pur| tattva ke zIrSastha vidvAn pro. esa. bI. deva kA jaina Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya kA mahattva nAmaka viSaya para pAvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ke parisara meM di. 13-9-90 ko eka vyAkhyAna Ayojita kiyA gayA /

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( 92 ) akhila bhAratIya darzana pariSad kA 35vAM adhivezana vidyAzrama meM akTUbara mAha meM saMsthAna meM akhila bhAratIya darzana pariSad kA 35vA~ vArSika adhivezana Ayojita kiyA gayA hai| isameM deza-videza ke vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM ke 250 pratinidhiyoM ke Ane kI saMbhAvanA hai| adhivezana kA udghATana mahAmahima uparASTrapati DA0 zaMkara dayAla zarmA dvArA sampanna hogaa| isI avasara para anekAntavAda para eka viziSTa saMgoSThI bhI Ayojita kI gayI hai| vizvavidyAlaya anudAna Ayoga dvArA DA0 zivaprasAda kA risarca esosieTa ke rUpa meM cayana pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama ke lie yaha gaurava kA viSaya hai ki saMsthAna ke saha-zodhAdhikArI aura zramaNa ke saha-sampAdaka DA0 zivaprasAda kA vizvavidyAlaya anudAna Ayoga dvArA madhyayugIna zvetAmbara zramaNoM ke gacchoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana nAmaka viSaya para zodha hetu risarca esosieTa ke rUpa meM cayana kiyA gayA hai| ukta zodhakArya ko pUrNa karane ke lie saMsthAna dvArA unheM 5 varSoM kA avaitanika avakAza pradAna kiyA gayA hai| AzA hai ve isa dIrgha avadhi meM madhyayugIna zvetAmbara jaina saMgha kA eka suvyavasthita adhyayana prastuta kreNge| zrI indrezacandra siMha ko pIeca0 ko0 kI upAdhi pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama ke zodha sahAyaka zrI indrezacandra siha ko unake zodhaprabandha jaina sAhitya meM gita pracIna bhAratIya sainyavijJAna para kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya dvArA eca. DI. kI upAdhi pradAna kI gyii| jJAtavya hai ki yaha zodhaprabandha pro0 sAgaramala jaina ke nirdezana meM pUrNa kiyA gayA hai|

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( 93 ) zrI paMjAba jaina bhrAtRsabhA ke tattvAvadhAna meM AcArya zrI kAMzIrAma jI mahArAja kA.106vA~ janma mahotsava dinAMka 24-6-90 ravivAra ko khAra, bambaI meM paMjAba jaina bhrAtRsabhA ke tattvAvadhAna meM AcArya zrI kAMzIrAma jI ma0 kA 106 vA~ janmotsava tapa-tyAga, japa-dhyAna Adi vividha sAdhanAoM ke rUpa meM manAyA gyaa| paMca divasIya isa kAryakrama meM sAdhvI zrI arcanA jI kI preraNA se zrI jeTThA bhAI va zrI nagIna bhAI ke nirdezana meM 20, 21, 22 jUna ko tridivasIya AvAsIya dhyAna zivira Ayojita kiyA gayA, jisameM pacAsa sAdhakoM ne Atma-lAbha liyaa| 23 tA. zanivAra ko vipula mAtrA meM sAmUhika Ayambila tapa sAdhanA kA kAryakrama sAnanda sampanna huaa| 24 tA. ravivAra ko prAtaH 10.30 baje tapasvI zrI lAbhacandra jI ma. kA ahiMsA haoNla, khAra meM cAturmAsa hetu maMgala praveza huaa| 11 baje sAdhvI zrI manISA jI, aura acalA jI ke maMgalAcaraNa se kAryakrama kA zubhArambha huaa| sarvaprathama paMjAba jaina bhrAtRsabhA ke 6 varSa se 16 varSa ke madhya Ayu vAle baccoM ne apane vicAroM dvArA pUjyazrI kI jIvana-jhA~kI prastuta kii| tatpazcAt sabhA ke bhUtapUrva adhyakSa zrI naparAja jI tathA vartamAna adhyakSa zrI sudarzana jI, upAdhyakSa zrI rAjakumAra jI, maMtrI zrI kulabhUSaNa jI tathA zrI yogendra pAla jI Adi kAryakartAoM ne AcAryazrI ke caraNoM meM zraddhAMjali arpita karate hue apane vicAra vyakta kiye| kAryakrama ke anta meM sAdhvI zrI akSaya jI, sAdhvI zrI candanA jI, sAdhvI zrI arcanA jI, aruNa muni jI, zrI ratana muni jI, zrI sureza muni jI, saurASTra kezarI zrI girIza muni jI tathA zrI lAbhacandra jI ma. ne AcAryazrI ke jIvana saMsmaraNoM ko sunAkara unake padacihnoM para calane kI preraNA dii|

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( 94 ) roTarI eksaceMja sTuDenTa ku0 cetanA munota kA amarIkA __ ke lie prasthAna puNe ( mahArASTra ) ke sAmAjika kAryakartA zrI kanakamalajI munota kI pautrI va mudraNa vyavasAyI zrI pradIpa munota kI putrI ku. cetanA munota roTarI ke iNTaranezanala yUtha eksaceMja kAryakramAntargata eka varSa ke lie di. 17 agasta, 1990 ko amarIkA ke lie ravAnA huii| amarIkA ke merIlaiNDa rAjya ke elIkaoNTa siTI roTarI klaba ke sadasyoM ke parivAra meM rahakara ve vahA~ kI saMskRti va pArivArika jIvana kA anubhava prApta kreNgii| ___antarrASTrIya bandhutva kI bhAvanA ko bar3hAvA dene hetu banAe gae isa kAryakrama meM roTarI inTaranezanala dvArA karIba 16 varSa kI umra ke vidyArthiyoM kA cayana kiyA jAtA hai aura eka varSa kI avadhi ke lie baccoM ko videza ke roTarI parivAroM meM rahane kA maukA upalabdha karAyA jAtA hai| ku. cetanA munota ke eksaceMja meM amarIkA ke kanekTikaTa kara rAjya se branaphorDa zahara kI ku. kairana jhIlinskI kA pUnA meM Agamana ho cukA hai aura usane jUniyara kAleja meM adhyayana zurU kara diyA hai|