Pathik 2004 Vol 44 Ank 07 08 09

Author(s): Bhartiben Shelat, Subhash Bramhabhatt
Publisher: Mansingji Barad Smarak Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/535523/1

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pathika PATHIK QUARTERLY JOURNAL : HISTORY, CULTURE & ARCHAEOLOGY saMpAdaka DaoN. bhAratIbahena zelata 0 pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa ) vi.saM. 2060 vA aMka : 7-8-9 eprila-me-jUna - 2004 - The pArzvanAtha - uMdarA, tA. pATaNa, ji. mahesANA PATHIK KARYALAY, Clo. B. J. Institute, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad-9 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra vi. saM. 2060 AdyataMtrI sva. mAnasaMgajI bAraDa TrasTImaMDaLa DaoN. ke. kA. zAstrI, DaoN. cinubhAI nAyaka, DaoN. bhAratIbahena zelata, pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa pathika aMka H 7-8-9 eprila-me-jUna 2004 varSa : 44 anukrama Necessity of Understanding Tantra in its proper Perspective www.kobatirth.org Saswati Sen DaoN. bhAratI zelata gujarAtamAM pArasIonI dhArmika imArato ane zilAlekho DaoN. Ara. TI. sAvaliyA mAMDala itihAsanA ojasamAM DaoN. harSadakumAra brahmabhaTTa bhAratIya saMskRti ane itihAsamAM saMskRtanuM mahattva svAmI dayAnaMda sarasvatI : samAja parivartananA mazAlacI zrImatI kamalAdevI caTTopAdhyAya eka pratibaddha vyaktitva svAtaMtrya saMgrAmamAM kacchano phALo A Student's Tribute to late Dr. (Smt.) Maniben P. Kamerkar pArasI prajAno itihAsa : saMgharSavihIna samanvaya Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 1 DaoN. ravIndra vi. khAMDavALA 29 4 17 36 prA. manubhAI bI. zAha bharata'kumAra' prA. ThAkara 40 pathikanuM vArSika lavAjama rU. 100/- che. AjIvana sabhyapada rU. 501 - che Dr. Sudha Mehta 48 prA. phAlgunI parIkha 50 DaoN. maheza ema. trivedI 33 | jarUrI che. sUcanA pathika dara trIjA aMgrejI mahinAnI 15mI tArIkhe prasiddha thaze. pachInA 15 divasamAM aMka na maLe to sthAnika posTa oNphisamAM lekhita phariyAda karavI ane nakala amane mokalavI. pathika sarvopayogI vicArabhAvanA jJAnanuM sAmayika che. jIvanane UrdhvagAmI banAvatAM abhyAsapUrNa ane ziSTa maulika lakhANone svIkAravAmAM Ave che. For Private and Personal Use Only prasiddha thaI gayelI kRtine pharI prasiddha karavA mATe na mokalavAnI lekhakoe kALajI rAkhavI. aMgrejI, gujarAtI athavA hindI lekha sArA akSare zAhIthI ane kAgaLanI eka ja bAjue lakhelI hovI joIe. lekhamAM koI anya bhASAnAM avataraNa mUkyAM hoya to eno gujarAtI tarajUmo Apavo pathikamAM prasiddha lakhonA vicAroabhiprAyo sAthe taMtrI sahamata che ema na samajavuM. asvIkRta kRti pAchI meLavavA jarUrI TikiTo AvI haze to tarata parata karAze. ma.o., DrAphTa-patro mATe lakho. pathika kAryAlaya C/o. bho. je. vidyAbhavana, eca. ke. kaoNleja kempasa, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9 pathika kAryAlaya vatI mudraka-prakAzaka : pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa, C/o. bho.je.vidhAbhavana, eca.ke.kaoNlejanA kempasamAM, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9 mudraNasthAna : kriSnA grAphiksa, 966, nAraNapurA jUnA gAma, amadAvAda-380013 phona : 27494393, mobA. 9426300640

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Necessity of Understanding Tantra in its proper Perspective Saswati Sen* Introduction : It is very difficult to ascertain exactly when the Tantric cult crept in. The Tantra, which is very often termed as the non-Vedic, esoteric cult is a very complex, spiritual tradition of India and is very difficult to grasp by the non-initiated persons. Perhaps its complexity, uniqueness and non-resemblance with the Vedic philosophy are the base behind the misconceptions generated among the masses. Tantra is nothing but a system of rituals and is full of symbolism or magical characters. It is that system which utilizes Kundalini yoga. Tantra-sadhana is that method of yoga by which spiritual power can be achieved in this very human life. Many scholars opine that Tantra has borrowed the images and ideas from the Vedas and the Upanisads and has given them suitable shapes in the form of diagram or yantra. Tantra is a sastra with a special set of doctrines and practices. Historical Background : The Vedic literature, the earliest known Indian literature was composed in a language which was never a spoken language of the masses. Therefore, the common people found it very difficult to understand the language and perceive the contents of these scriptures. Not only this, its rituals became very elaborate day by day and required rigorous discipline to perform the same. This performance also was not allowed to the low-caste people and women and was only restricted to a particular higher class of people. Gradually the general folk lost interest in the Vedic rites and the Hindu religion was at stake as far as its regular perforining rites were concerned. Therefore, a need was felt for an easier way of observing religious practices which could involve all class of people extending equal rites to both the sex. The Tantra came with a new concept of dehatattva contrary to the Upanisad's atmatattva difficult to perceive by the common people, embraced all castes and creed leaving none to be untouchable. It became more popular to common man as it did not only forbade anybody from enjoying life but also did encourage them for the same declaring that this could also help to attain liberation. Misconcept about Tantra : Truly, speaking none other than the initiated persons or the gurus of the Tantra has understood it in its right perspective. The over-indulgence in ritualistic activities of Tantra to a certain extent have laid superstitions not only among people but also among the otherwise educated per-. sons. * Research Officer, Oriental Institute, M.S.University of Baroda, Vadodara. ulas Aulas - zhluc4-4-97, 2008 og For Private and Personal Use Only

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The mysterious elements in the Tantra were not properly understood. Contrary to orthodox religion it allowed everybody including the lower-caste people and the women to participate in its rituals which being a protest against the Brahmanical religion was not accepted easily by orthodox people. Since Tantra was sadhana of dehatattva and stress the importance of the body of the being and again since human beings are very much prone to sexual intercourse and other enjoyable elements like eating flesh and fish, Tantra allows its sadhaka to enjoy all sensual pleasures. The most important thing of this part is that this attitude of Tantra was responsible for both its popularity as well as its degeneration leading to misunderstanding and contempt. Like the brahmanas of the Vedic times the initiated persons of the Tantric religion preserved their system in a small circle and tried to popularize it without loosing their monopoly. Lastly, at one time the Tantric practitioners became more greedy to attain power. So they cared more for the practices than for the spiritual aspects of Tantra. They tried to influence people with the help of their powers. This created awe and misconception among the masses about Tantra which, in course of time, was misunderstood as the root of mischievious deeds. Proper Concept : Tantra contains highly philosophical matters. Sri Aurobindo thinks Tantra as "a part of the bequest of the ancient wisdom of the Veda." It is a practice of Inner Culture of an individual. The occultism of Tantra helps a sadhaka to communicate with the god. As stated earlier that Tantra is the sadhana of Kulakundalini yoga. The Kulakundalini is perceived as a serpent which is also conceived as the female energy (sakti) lying in the muladhara cakra of the being. This dormant energy is awakened by the sadhaka with yogic exercises and is made to travel through five cakras to the sahasrara. This method is called "the expansion of consciousness and hightening of realization." These cakras are actually different planes of the being and the Tantra locates these as the points of concentration. The Sakti or the potential power meets the Divine Lord or Siva in the crown of the head (sahasrara) and the sadhaka attains salvation. The Tantric worshipper identifies himself with the deity worshipped by him i.e. the sadhaka when attains salvation becomes Siva. The most important feature of Tantra is that its purpose is not liberation alone. Tantra includes enjoyment of life in this earthly manifestation of the Divine. Therefore, Tantra includes both enjoyment (bhukti) and liberation (mukti) in this world. The Tantra regards human body as the best means of getting liberation. Our body contains such a power that if it can be used properly by the sadhaka, the sadhaka can reach his goal easily. In Tantra the body has been considered as a representative of the Universe. The great goddess is present in the cosmos as the conscious Energy and the same goddess is present in the body as the Kundalini sakti. In order to raise the sakti As sulas - 1b4-7-264, 200% O ? For Private and Personal Use Only

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pathika traimAsika (or the power) in man the sadhaka has to open the nervous centers and the passages through which sakti unites with Siva as the Supreme consiciousness descends in the body. All these can be possible when the Sadhaka completely surrender himself to the bliss and love of the divine Mother or the Mother goddess. Tantra, therefore, is not in favour of oppressing the body with ascetism and so on. Tantra admits that the sensation and emotion are very powerful source of energy in man which should never be oppressed and misused, rather it should be channelised properly to enable the body to get merged with the cosmos. Conclusion : It has been seen that Tantra is nothing but a separate and a special religious method with the practice of which one can attain his goal in this life only. Tantra does not solely believe in ascetism or oppressing the body as it realizes that the body is the best means or the media for getting one's aim of life. The misconceptions regarding Tantra have been created by two types of people-one, the initiated into Tantra, who wants to keep this science within himself or within his group and the second, who does undesirable deeds with the help of the power acquired by the practice of Tantra. The ignorance about the subject resulting into the awe among the masses have aggravated the wrong impression about Tantra and this exists even today. A time has come when the initiated persons should come forward and write more books in modern languages on the subject in a very easier way and also help the masses towards this system of emancipation. Perhaps, this process will remove all misconceptions and Tantra can be understood in its proper perspective which is need of the hour. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir sle ste sle eprila-me-jUna, 2004 = 3 For Private and Personal Use Only

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gujarAtamAM pArasIonI dhArmika imArato ane zilAlekho vedakALamAM hiMdu dharmanI jema jarathostI dharmamAM paNa agnine vizeSa prAdhAnya ApavAmAM AvyuM che. jarathostI loko sUryane-khoradAdane temaja agnine prakAzamaya paramAtmAnuM pratIka mAne che. 'prakAza prajvalita rAkho' e jarathostI dharmanuM mahattvanuM sUtra che. aSoI-pavitratA e eka zabdamAM jarathostI dharmano sarvasAra samAI jAya che, anu-maitrakakAla (I.sa. 788-922) daramyAna saMjANamAM sthira thayelA jarathostIoe samaya jatAM gujarAtamAM anya sthaLoe vasavATa karyo. dastUroe saMjANamAM Ataza baherAmanI sthApanA karI hatI, traNaso varSa pachI tyAMthI keTalAka jarathostIo dezanAM bIjA zaheromAM jaI vasyA. emAM navasArI, vAMkAnera, bharUca, variyAva, aMkalezvara ane khaMbhAta vagere sthaLo gaNAvI zakAya. A samagra sthaLAMtara ane vasavATanI prakriyA 10mI sadIthI laI 14mI sadI daramyAna thayelI jaNAya che. DaoN. bhAratI zelata* DaoN. Ara. TI. sAvaliyA+ mughalakAla (I.sa. 1573)mAM suratamAM navasArInA prathama dastUra maherajI rANAe akabara sAthe mulAkAta karI hatI. saMjANathI AvelA mobedo ane navasArImAM vasatA asala mobedo vacce I.sa. 1516 thI AvakanI vaheMcaNInA bhAga aMge vikhavAda zarU thayo hato. chevaTe saMjANA mobedo Ataza baherAmane navasArIthI I.sa. 1741mAM valasADa laI gayA. paraMtu rAjakIya uthalapAthalane kAraNe tyAMthI saMjANA mobedo nadI oLaMgIne I.sa. 1742 nA oNkaTobara mAsanI 28mI tArIkhe A pavitra Atazane udavADA laI gayA, irAnathI lAvelA pavitra Atazane lagabhaga 250 varSathI pArasIoe udavADAmAM jatanapUrvaka AdarathI jALavI rAkhela che. udavADA pArasIo mATe sauthI agatyanuM tIrthadhAma banyuM che. mughalakAlamAM pArasIo navasArI, valasADa, surata, umaragAma, bharUca, aMkalezvara, khaMbhAta, sonagaDha, navAparA, vyArA, vasaI, amadAvAda, muMbaI, thANA, puNe vagere sthaLoe vasatA hatA ane potAno dharma pALatA hatA. 17mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM aMgrejo ane pArasIo vacce ghaniSTha vepArI saMbaMdha baMdhAyA hatA. A samayamAM muMbaI ane thANAmAM aneka dAkhamAM, devaLo ane dharmazALAo baMdhAvavAmAM AvyAM. bahu lAMbA samayathI jarathostIoe gujarAtamAM AvIne vasavATa karyo hovAthI emanA dhArmika utsavo rIta-rivAjo ane raheNIkaraNI upara gujarAtanA saMskAronI chAyA jovA maLe che. * niyAmaka, bho. je. vidyAbhavana, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9 + adhyApaka, bho. je. vidyAbhavana, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9 briTizakAla daramyAna bhArata ane gujarAtamAM dhaNA sthaLoe agiyArIo-dhArmika imArato bAMdhavAmAM AvI hatI. suratamAM be agiyArI (Ataza baherAma) 1823 mAM baMdhAI. khaMbhAtamAM I.sa. 1844 mAM eka agiyArI baMdhAI hatI. amadAvAdamAM khamAsA cokI pAsenA bukhArA mahollAmAM 1846 mAM eka dAdagAha baMdhAI. je I.sa. 1884 mAM AdariyAnamAM vikAsa pAmI. A uparAMta amadAvAdamAM pArasI dharmazALAo paNa baMdhAI hatI, jemAMnI jUnI dharmazALA I.sa. 1866 mAM baMdhAIne tenuM navInIkaraNa 1892 mAM karavAmAM AvyuM. pathika traimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 m 4 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jAmanagaramAM I.sa. 1895 mAM agiyArInI sthApanA thaI.pa I.sa. 1915 thI 1960 daramyAna nAmAMkita pArasI gRhasthonA dAnathI gujarAtamAM judAM judAM sthaLoe agiyArIonI racanA karavAmAM AvI che. agnimaMdira eTale agiyArI, pArasIonuM pUjya maMdira. pArasIo Atazane khudAnuM pratyakSa svarUpa mAnI agnimaMdirane khudAno mukAma gaNe che. temAM hamadIno (arajadAro) potAnA e paravaradigAra samakSa dila kholI bhakti batAvI dilAso meLave che. tene zraddhA che ke 'dAdAranA dIkarA' tarIke pavitra Atazano kebalo anekanI Arajhu jhIlyA bAda te AziSa Ape che ne tethI aneka jaMjALo ane saMkaTo haLavAM bane che. AvA kebalA samakSa umaMgathI hAjara thavuM paDe, tenA pratye gaMbhIra mAna rakhAya, ane tyAMnA khureha (pavitra vAtAvaraNa)mAM snAna karyA pachI 'arajadAra'ne ema lAge ke te khudAnA darabAramAM jaI Avyo. te pachInI rojiMdI vartaNUkamAM tenI asara nabhe. A mATe agnimaMdiro jyAM pArasI vastI hoya tyAM karavAmAM AvyAM. dareka jarathostInA gharamAM Atazane vidhipUrvaka jALavavAmAM Avato. e 'Ataze dAdagAha' kahevAto. samaya jatAM jAhera makAnamAM koI dharmagurunI doravaNI heThaLa A Ataza jAhera dAdagAhamAM sthApita thato. 'Ataze dAdagAha' trIjA darajjAno Ataza gaNAto, bIjA darajjAnA caDiyAtA Ataza vajIra kakSAnA gaNAya che ane 'ene Ataze AdarAna' kahevAya che. cAra divasanI pUratI kALajI sAthenI kriyAvidhi pachI emanI sthApanA karAya che. dharmaguruo vidhipUrvaka emanuM sanmAna sAcave che. sarvazrI zreSTha darajjAnA zAha kakSAnA 'AtazabaherAma' gaNAya che. soLa Atazo bhegA karI tenI saMpUrNa pavitratA sAthe vidhipUrvaka gALaNakriyA karI moTI kriyAvidhi bAda emanI sthApanA karAya che. jarathostI dharmanI nIraMgadIna, vaMdIdAda, ijasne jevI pAvamahelanI yogakriyAo mAtra AvAM AtazakadehamAM ja hoya che. A kriyA sAcavanAra dharmaguru 'yojadArthagara' kahevAya che, jeo nava divasa saMsAranI pravRttiomAMthI alipta rahI tyAgIjIvana gALe che, jene 'barastuma' kahe che. evA dharmaguru mobedane Ataze baherAmanI khidamata karavAno adhikAra rahe che. AvA be traNa mobeda potAnA soMpelA vArA mujaba sevAmAM hAjara rahe che tethI teo tene 'vArodAra' kahe che. bhAratamAM ATha Ataza baherAma che. (1) suratanuM eka kadamIpaMthanuM zeTha pestanajI vakIla Ataza baherAma (2) tyAMnuM DI.ena. modI sAhebanuM zahenazAhI paMthanuM Ataza baherAma (3) navasArImAM bhagarasAtha anajumananuM Ataza baherAma. muMbaImAM cAra Ataza baherAma che : (4) vADiyAjInuM (5) banAjInuM, (6) dAdI zeThanuM, (7) anajumananuM ane (8) udavADAnuM sarvazreSTha asala 'Ataze-phirojhagara' dharAvatuM Ataza baherAma. chellA pAMca-sAta dAyakA daramyAna keTalIka navI pArasI agiyArIo (agnimaMdira) baMdhAI, keTalIka agiyArIono 'Ataze dAdagAha'mAMthI 'Ataze AdarAna' nAme jAhera svarUpanI agiyArImAM vikAsa thayo. amadAvAdamAMnI kAMkariyAnI pArasI kaoNlonI najIkanI zeTha aradezara DosAbhAI vADiyAjIe 1925 mAM baMdhAvelI agiyArI 'vADiyAjI AdarAna' ane zaheramAM khamAsA-geTa pAse AvelI sane 1933nI sAlanI 'vakIla anajumana AdarAna' ullekhanIya che. kAMkariyA pAsenI agiyArImAMnA yadagardI san 1294(I.sa. 1925)nA takatI lekhamAMthI jaNAya che ke A Ataze AdarAna zeTha aradezara DosAbhAI vADIA, zeTha zApurajI dhanajIbhAI mIstarI tathA zeTha rUstamajI edalajI lAheranA patnI zIrInabAI taraphathI maLelA dAnamAMthI rU. 30,000 nA kharce baMdhAI hatI. khamAsA geTavALI agiyArImAMno yadagardI sana 1302 (I.sa. 1933)no taktIlekha jaNAve che ke pathika traimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 3 5 For Private and Personal Use Only

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marahUma sara navarojI pestanajI vakIla tathA khAna bahAdura jahAMgIrajI pestanajI vakIle e dAdagAhanuM je makAna baMdhAvI aMjumanane sopeluM, temAM sara navarojI pestanajI vakIlanI dIkarIoe lagabhaga rU. 12,000 nA kharce sudhArAvadhArA karI marahUma pitA tathA kAkAnA puNya arthe emAM AdarAna sAheba paraThAvI ApI e aMjumanane suparata karyuM hatuM. AMtarika racanA paratve badhI agiyArIo lagabhaga samAna hoya che. AthI ahIM daSTAMtarUpe A khamAsA geTavALI 'vakIla AdarAna'nuM sthApatyakIya svarUpa avalokIe (A. 1). A agiyArI khamAsA geTanI uttare bukhArI maholle javAnA raste DaoN. dhanajIzAha edalajI aMkalesaryA memoriyala haoNlane aDIne pazcimAbhimukhe AvelI che. mULamAM A agiyArI zeTha kharazedajI baherAmajI nANAvaTIe "Ataze dAdagAha" svarUpe baMdhAvelI (sane 1877). teno 1884 mAM zeTha navarojajI vakIla ane jahAMgIra vakIle "Ataze dAdagAhamAM vistAra karyo ane eka parivAra taraphathI 1933 mAM emAM badhI suvidhAo umerAtAM tenuM adyatana svarUpa astitvamAM AvyuM. A "vakIla anajumana AdarAna' vizALa cogAnavALI, mALa vinAnI, beThI bAMdhaNInI chAparAyukta imArata che. agiyArInI mukhya imArata cogAnanI madhyamAM che, jyAre cogAnanI uttare be majalAvALuM makAna che, jemAM bhoMyataLiye amadAvAda pArasI paMcAyatanuM kAryAlaya kAma kare che ane upalo majalo mobedasAhebonA upayoga mATe che. cogAnanA dakSiNa cheDe Do. aMkalesaryA memoriyala holamAM javAno daravAjo che. agiyArInA makAnanA mahorA para madhya bhAgamAM ArasanI takatI para maDhelAM caLakatI dhAtunAM AphrinagAnA (agnipAtra), pharohara (AtmAnuM pakSI svarUpanuM pratIka) temaja sUrya ane tArAnAM dharma nizAno dhyAna kheMce che. pagathiyAM caDatAM varaMDAmAM pravezAya che. jenI DAbI bhIMte dAtAonI takatIo ane agiyArIne lagatA zilAlekho che. varaMDAmAM besavA mATenA bAjaTha (bAMkaDA) rAkhelA che. AdarAnamAM praveza karatAM eka vizALa prArthanAkhaMDa Ave che:" A mukhya prArthanA khaMDano prayoga prArthanA uparAMta besaNuM ane sabhAne mATe paNa thAya che. A prArthanA khaMDanA uttara cheDe urvIsagAha nAme oLakhAto kriyAkAmo mATeno oraDo Avelo che, jemAM 103 varSa pasAra karI cUkelA pAka Ataze dAdagAha (nANAvaTIvALA mULa Ataze dAdagAha) rozana rAkhela che. prArthanA khaMDanA dakSiNa cheDe guMbaja sAtheno mukhya kebalo (mukhya agnikhaMDa) che, jyAM lagabhaga doDha mITara UMcA 'takhata" upara moTA jarmana 'sIlvaranA "AphrinagAnyA' upara pAka Ataze AdarAna pAMce pahora satkAra pAme che tyAre ghaMTanAdothI vAtAvaraNa gUMjI UThe che. kebalAmAM mobeda ke dastUra sAhebo sivAya koI pravezI zakatuM nathI. (A. 2). majakUra prArthanAkhaMDamAM urvIsagAhanI dakSiNe bahAra jasanagAha (maraNottara kriyAo) mATenI jagA temaja yajJasthaLa che. mukhya kebalAnI samIpa pUrva bhAgamAM karelI parasALano muktAda eTale ke zrAddha mATe upayoga thAya che, jayAM pharoharanI ArAdhanA karavAmAM Ave che. AdarAna sAhebanA kebalAnA mukhya dvAra bahAra eka nAno khAsa prArthanAkhaMDa che jayAM bhAvika hamadIno AdarAna sAhebanA dvAre potAnAM aramAnono Ubharo ThAlave che, namaskAra kare che, ahesAnanI lAgaNI jAhera kare che ane e mATe mAcI (caMdana TukaDo) arpaNa kare che. ane rakhyA(bhasma)nI prasAdI meLave che. prArthanAkhaMDanI pUrve bahAranA vADAmAM pANIthI tananI zuddhi ane maMtroccAra dvArA mananI zuddhi karavA aMge kutIgAhanI jagyA che jyAM kUvo, pALa sAthenI havADI ane kuztI karavA mATenI sagavaDa che. e vADAnA uttara cheDe rasoDuM ane dakSiNa cheDe kAThIbhaMDAra che. rasoDA tarapha jatAM urvIsagAhanI pUrve takhata sAtheno alAyado khaMDa rAkhela che, je mukhya kebalAnI marAmata karAvavI hoya tyAre AdarAna sAhebane thoDA samaya mATe atre birAjamAna karavA vaparAya che. pathika saimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 u 6 For Private and Personal Use Only

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purANA rivAja mujaba hamadIno khudA sAthe ekatAna thaI zake, AdarAna sAheba sAthe dila lagADI zake, koI zobhA sajAvaTathI cittabhrama na thAya te mATe agnimaMdiramAM sAdAI rakhAya che. alabatta, pArasI komamAM thayela preraNAdAyI vyaktionI chabIo prArthanAkhaMDamAM TAMgavAmAM Ave che. A agiyArImAM payagaMbara aSo jarathuSTra, dAdAbhAI navarojI, sa2 phIrojhazAha mahetA, dAtA jahAMgIra vakIla, pestanajI vakIla temaja rUstama vakIla ane bAIjI dInabAI lAlakAkAnI moTA kadanI raMgIna chabIo che. A kAla daramiyAna pArasIonA dakhamA(zanikAla-sthAna)mAM keTalAka navA zAMtiminAra (zanikAlaimArata) umerAyA. dakhamAno haeNna ekasarakho hoya che. A dakhamAnI sthApatyakIya racanA noMdhapAtra che (juo A. 3). e Toce khulluM hoya che. emAM paththaranI banAvelI cUnAthI dhoLelI vRttAkAra lagabhaga 6 mI. thI 9 mI. jeTalI UMcI dIvAlo hoya che. moTA dukhamAno vyAsa 27 mITara hoya che. aMdaranA bhAgamAM 90 mITara parighavALI goLa pIThikA paththaranI lAdIthI AvRtta hoya che. vacalo bhAga polo hoya che. ene pharatI traNa vRttAkAra 'pAvI'o-oTalIonI haroLo hoya che. dIvAla pAsenI moTI haroLamAM sahuthI moTA kadanI 'pAvI' puruSo mATe, vacalI haroLamAM vacalA kadanI pAvIo strIo mATe ane aMdaranI nAnI haroLamAM nAnA kadanI pAvIo bALako mATe hoya che. pAvIomAMthI nIka kADhelI hoya che temAM thaIne zabamAMthI vahetuM badhuM pravAhI ne varasAdanuM pANI vacalA UMDA bhaMDAra(khADA)mAM vahI jAya che. enuM taLiyuM paththaranI lAdIothI pharasa kareluM hoya che. zabamAMthI gIdho pUruM mAMsa ArogI jAya tyAra bAda hADapiMjaranAM hADakAMne anukULatAe A khADAmAM nAkhI devAmAM Ave che. khADAmAMthI cAra nIko 'bhaMDAra'nI aMdaranI goLa dIvAlathI mAMDIne bahAranI moTI goLa dIvAlanI bahAra cAra khUNe kADhI hoya che. dareka cheDe ekeka nAno kUvo hoya che. nIkanA moMe kolasAne retiyA paththara mUkIne jamInamAM vahI janAra pravAhIne zuddha karavAmAM Ave che jethI mAtA dharatI dUSita na thAya. A kUvAonAM taLiyAM pravAhI aMdara UtarI jAya tevAM hoya che. tene 1.5 mI- 2.1 nI UMcAI sAthe retIthI DhAMkyAM hoya che, eka cheDe bhaMDAra sudhI javAno phUTapAtha hoya che. zabane gIdhonuM bhakSya banAvavAno rivAja krAMtikArI lAge, paraMtu lAMbA samayathI pracalita che. Ama to daphana vagere karatAM agnidAhano rivAja uttama gaNAya che, paraMtu jarathostI dharma anusAra zaba jevA azuddha padArtha vaDe agnidevane dUSita karavAmAM pApa che. temane mate pRthvI, agni ane jaLane dUSita na karI zakAya. AthI hADapiMjarone dhotuM varasAdanuM pANI paNa nIkromAM thaIne zuddha karatAM retI-kAMkarAnA bhaMDAramAM jAya che. amadAvAdanI agiyArIonA zilAlekha : amadAvAdamAM pArasIonI vastI 19 mI sadIthI noMdhapAtra banI che. ahIM paheluM dakhamuM I.sa. 1843mAM khulluM mukAyuM hatuM ane pahelI agiyArI 1846mAM thaI hatI. hAla amadAvAdamAM pArasIonI be agiyArIo AvelI che - eka khamAsA cokI pAse bukhArA mahollAmAM ane bIjI kAMkariyA taLAvanI uttare. hAla baMne agiyArI AdariyAna prakAranI che. baMnemAM zilAlekha kotarelI takatIo mUkelI che. e parathI e agiyArIonA bAMdhakAma vize vigatavAra mAhitI maLe che. ahIM e agiyArIonA TrasTIonA saujanyanI noMdha laI enA zilAlekha saMpAdita karavAmAM Ave che. bukhArA mahollAnI dAdagAhano zilAlekha, ya.saM. 1253, I.sa. 1994 amadAvAdamAM khamAsA cokI pAse AvelA bukhArA mahollAmAM AvelI pArasI agiyArInA varaMDAnI pathika traimAsika ~ eprila-me-jUna, 2004 7 For Private and Personal Use Only

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uttara dIvAlamAM upalA bhAgamAM be taktIo lagAvelI che. temAMnI nIcalI takatImAM A lekha kotarelo che. takatI 91 se.mI. lAMbI ane pa3 se.mI. UMcI che. lekha kula 14 paMktiono che, jemAMnI pahelI AzIrvAdAtmaka paMkti TUMkI hoI vacce kotarelI che; lekha gujarAtI bhASAmAM lakhelo ane gujarAtI lipimAM kotarelo che. joDaNI tathA vyAkaraNanI bAbatamAM e samaye ghaNI aniyamitatA pravartatI hatI. maMgalAcaraNanA AzIrvAdAtmaka vAkyamAM jarathostI dharmanA mukhya deva horamajuda (ahura majhudInuM smaraNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. A zilAlekha parathI jANavA maLe che ke A Ataza dAdagAha je jagA upara agAu zeTha kharazedajI baherAmajI nANAvaTIe dAdagAha bAMdhI hatI ne pachIthI je jagA temaNe pArasI paMcAyatane bakSisa ApelI te ja jagA upara baMdhAvAmAM AvI che. A dAdagAha zeTha navarojI pezatanajI vakIla tathA jahAMgIrajI pazatanajI vakIle potAnA marahUma pitA zeTha pezatanajI pharAmajI vakIla tathA mAtA bacubAInA puNya mATe pArasI paMcAyatanI e jagA upara yajhudagaradI sana 1253, I.sa. 1884, vi.saM. 1940 mAM baMdhAvI hatI. dAdagAhanI sAthe tenI pAsenI cehelI (cAlI) tathA tene lagatAM makAnono tathA te badhAMne pharatI dIvAlano samAveza thato. cehelI tathA tenA tAbAnAM makAna je jagA para baMdhAvyAM te jagA zeTha kAvasajI maMcarajI kAraMjavAlAe potAnA pitA marahama zeTha maMcarajI sorAbajInA puNya mATe pArasI paMcAyatane bheTa ApI hatI. e sarva makAno bAMdhatAM kula rU. 20,975 nuM kharca thayeluM. irAnathI AvelA jarathostI pArasIo tyAMnA sAsAnI vaMzanA chellA pAdazAha yajhadagardanA rAjArohaNa (I.sa. 630)thI zarU karAyelo saMvata vApare che. enA varSa saura che ne mAsa bAra che. paraMtu AgaLa jatAM emAM be paddhati pracalita thaI - zahenazAhI ne kadamI. jarathostI varSa 365 divasanuM hoya che. AthI emAM dara 120 varSe eka kabIsI (adhika mAsa) umeravAmAM Ave che. I.sa. 1760 mAM hiMdamAM pArasIone mAluma paDyuM ke koI saratacUkathI ahIMnuM jarathostI varSa IrAnanA karatAM eka mahino moDuM zarU thAya che. AthI keTalAka varSa eka mahino vaheluM zarU karavAnuM navuM sudhAraka kadama bharyuM, te "kadamI' kahevAyA, ne je cAlu rUDhine vaLagI rahyA te zahenazAhI' kahevAyA. gujarAtanA jarathostIo moTe bhAge zahenazAhI varSanI paddhati anusare che. A dAdagAha I.sa. 1884 nA eprilanI 11 mIe khullI mukAI; jayAre vi.saM. 1940 nA caitra vada 1 ne zukravAra hato. zahenazAhI paddhati pramANe e divase yadagardI sana 1253nA 7mA mahinA maherano 26 mI roja ane kadamI paddhati pramANe 8 mA mahinA AvAno ra6 mo roja cAlato hato. dAdagAha, cehelI ane ene lagatAM makAno baMdhAvanArAe e badhAM makAna amadAvAdanI jarathostI aMjumanane pArasIonA dharmanAM kAmo mATe arpaNa karyA hatAM. A lekhamAM je traNa pArasI kuTuMbono ullekha che te traNeya kuTuMbomAM vaDA - kharazedajI baherAmajI nANAvaTI, maMcerajI sorAbajI kAraMjavAlA ane pestanajI pharAmajI vakIla amadAvAdanI pArasI aMjumananA agraNI hatA ne ahIMnI pArasI paMcAyatanA prathama TrasTIomAM agrima sthAna dharAvatA. zeTha kharazedajI baherAmajI nANAvaTIe ahIM dAdagAha 6 kI oNgasTa, 1846 nA roja khullI mUkI hatI. A dAdagAha 18 mI julAI, 1877 nA roja pArasI paMcAyatane suparata karavAmAM AvI. zeTha maMcarajI sorAbajI kAraMjavAlAe amadAvAdamAM dakhamuM karAvavAmAM agrima bhAga bhajavelo. emanA putra kAvasajI maMcarajI kAraMjavAlA 1879 thI 1887 sudhI pArasI paMcAyatanA sekreTarI hatA. pathika tramAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 u 8 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zeTha pestanajI pharAmajI vakIlanA kuTuMbe paMcAyatanI sevA cAra peDhI lagI karI che. zeTha pestanajI vakIlano janma 1796mAM thayelo. teo suratanA vatanI hatA. tyAMthI teo 1814 mAM amadAvAda AvI vasyA. 1819 mAM kheDA jaI zeTha ratanajI kenTInavAlAnI dukAne rahelA, ne tyAMthI 1826 mAM amadAvAda pAchA pharI potAno svataMtra dhaMdho zarU karyo. ahIM emaNe moTI dukAna kholIne sarva tarehanA sarakArI IjArA levA mAMDyAM. khaMta, bAhozI ane sAhasikapaNAthI AgaLa vadhI teo amadAvAdanI pArasI aMjumananA AgevAna banyA. teo 1870 mAM mRtyu pAmyA. emanA nAmanuM ceriTI phaMDa che. emane cAra putra hatA. pharAmajI, nasaravAnajI, navarojI, ane jahAMgIrajI. emAMnA emanA putra navarojI tathA jahAMgIrajIe 1884 mAM A dAdagAha baMdhAvI che. zeTha navarojIno janma suratamAM 1840 mAM thayo hato. teo nAnapaNamAM pitAnI sAthe amadAvAda AvI vasyA. soTIno mAra sahana na thatAM hAIskUlanuM zikSaNa adhavaca choDI daI teoe mAsika rU. 2)nA pagAre nokarI zarU karI, paNa AgaLa jatAM dhaMdhAmAM ghaNA AgaLa vadhyA. emAM bI.bI.sI. AI relavenI lAIna nAkhavAno konTrAkTa, saoNlTa ejansI, megneziyA varkasa ane kaoNla enDa Ayarna kaMpanInA hajI mIThAnA utpAdana tathA vitaraNanI suMdara kAmagIrI bajAve che. teoe lAkho rUpiyAnAM dAna karyAM che. sara navarojI vakIla AMkhanI haoNspiTala pArasI vaoNrDa, meTaraniTI vaoNrDa, pArasI maeNTaraniTI vaoNrDa, navarojI DispensarI, gujarAtI narsiMga tAlIma phaMDa, aMdhazALA ane baherA mUMgA zALAne dAna, garIba pArasI vidyArthI phaMDa, jimakhAnuM, navarojI hola vagere emanAM noMdhapAtra pradAna che. teonI dAnavIratAnI kadara rUpe aMgreja sarakAre emane khAna bahAdura, sara (nAITa), sI.AI.I. vagere ilakAba enAyata karyA hatA. zeTha navarojInI dIkarIo tathA jamAIoe paNa ahIMnA pArasI samAjanI ThIka sevA karI che. navarojI vakIle patnI bacubAInA puNya mATe 1893mAM pArasI dharmazALA baMdhAvI che, temaja temanA nibhAva mATe paNa phaMDa ApeluM che. zeTha navarojI 1902 thI potAnA maraNa (1926) paryaMta pArasI paMcAyatanA TrasTI ane presiDanTa hatA. teonI yAdagIrImAM temanA dauhitra baherAmajI lAlakAkAe 1957mAM temanA nAmanuM pArasI seneriyama baMdhAveluM che. emanA nAmanI meTaranITI haoNspiTala ane janarala haoNspiTala karI hatI, jene AgaLa jatAM sivila haoNspiTalamAM pArasI vaoNrDa tarIke khaseDI che. emanA kuTuMbIjano taraphathI dAdagAha nibhAva phaMDa thayeluM che. khA.ba. jahAMgIrajI zeTha pestanajInA cothA putra hatA. teo potAnA moTAbhAI sara navarojI sAthenA vyavasAyomAM joDAyelA hatA. teoe 1887 thI pArasI paMcAyatanA sekreTarI tarIke sakriya sevA bajAvI hatI. 1895mAM sarakAre emane khAnabahAdurano khittAba baDhyo hato. gujarAta kaoNleja baoNrDanA sabhAsada hatA, hemAbhAI insTiTyUTanA pramukha hatA ne amadAvAda myunisipAliTInA pramukha paNa hatA. teo 1901 mAM mRtyu pAmyA. zilAlekhano pATha 1. pAka dAdara horamajadanI madada hoto. 2. A Ataza dAdagA tathA pAzenI cehelI tathA tene lagatAM makAno ane te badhAMne lagatI 3. pharatI dIvAla teonA pItAjI marahuma zeTha pezatanajI pharAmajI vakIla tathA 4. mAtAjI bacubhAInAM punane mATe teonA dIkarAo navarojI tathA jahAMgIrajIe 5. potAne kharace pArazI paMcAyatanI jamIna upara bAMdhIne zrI amadAvAdanI 6. jarathozatI anujAmane pArazIonA dharamanA kAmone mADe zavAdhana Ape che. 7. e makAnone bAMdhatAM rU. 20,975 thayA che roja 26mo mAhA 7 mo mehara zahenazAhI 8. roja 26mo mAhA 8mo AvA kadamI zane 1253 iajaja(ga)radI pathika traimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 TM 9 For Private and Personal Use Only

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9. tA. 11mI aparela 1884 IzavI, zaMvata 1940 caItara vada 1 ne vAra zukrara 10. upara lakhelI cehelI tathA tene tAbenA makAno zeTha (kAvaM(va) zajI marajI. 11. kAraMjAvAlAe teonA pItAjI marahuma zeTha maMcarajI sorAbajInA punane sArU pArazI paMcAetane 12. ApelI jamIna upara bAMdhavAmAM AvelAM che. tathA upara lakhelI Ataza dAdagA 13, je jagA upara zeTha kharazedajI berAmajI nAma vaTavAlI agAArI hatI ane je jago 14. teo sAhebe paMcAetane bakhazI dIdhelI hatI te ja jago para bAMdhavAmAM AvI che. 2. kAMkariyA taLAva pAsenI agiyArIno zilAlekha, yasa. 1294, I.sa. 1925 amadAvAdamAM kAMkariyA taLAvanI uttare je pArasI agiyArI AvelI che, temAM paNa takatI para eka zilAlekha kotarelo che. A takatI 59 se.mI. lAMbI ane 87 se.mI. UMcI che. lekha gujarAtI bhASAmAM lakhelo che ne gujarAtI lipimAM kotarelo che. vAkya racanAo zuddha che; joDaNI ekaMdare saMtoSakAraka che, lekha 17 paMktiono che. emAMnI keTalIka paMktio TUMkI che, je madhyamAM kotarelI che. zilAlekhanA AraMbhe horamajhadanI madadanA AzIrvAda darzAvyA che. lekha parathI jANavA maLe che ke A AMtase AdariAna ya.sa. 1294 I.sa. 1925 mAM rU. 30,000 nA kharce baMdhAyela che. kharcanA rU. 30,000 peTe rU. 15,000 zeTha aradezara DosAbhAI vADIAe, rU. 10,0OO zeTha zApurazA dhanajIbhAI mistrI ijanere ane rU. 5,000 marahUma zeTha rUstamajI edalajI lAheranAM patnI zIrInabAIe ApyA hatA. A agiyArI tha.sa. 1294 nA 8mA mahinAnA 3jA roje arthAt I.sa. 1925 nA eprilanI 9mI e khullI mUkI hatI. zeTha aradezara DosAbhAI vADIA suratamAM 1871mAM janmyA hatA. tyAMthI amadAvAda AvI teo boraDI milamAM eMjinIara tarIke joDAyA hatA. tyAra bAda be vakhata mazInarI banAvavAnAM kArakhAnAM kAlyAM hatAM. teoe paNa amadAvAdanI pArasI paMcAyatanA vahIvaTamAM sakriya sevA ApI hatI. zeTha zApurajI dhanajIbhAI mistrIe amadAvAdamAM aneka milonA ijanera tarIke varaso sudhI kAmagIrI bajAvI hatI. zeTha rUstamajI edalajI lAhera suratanA vatanI hatA. zilAlekhano pATha jhadAM 2. zrI pAka dAdAra horamajhadanI madada hojo 3. zrI amadAvAdanA pAka Atase AdarIAna 4. sAhebano A makAna 5. zeTha aradezara DosAbhAI vADIA ema.bI.I. 6. taraphathI rU. 15,000 tathA 7. zeTha zApurajI dhanajIbhAI mIstarI ijanera taraphathI 8. rU. 10,000 tathA 9. marahuma zeTha rUstamajI edalajI lAheranI puMjImAMthI 10. temanA dhaNIANI bAI zIrInabAI taraphathI 11. rU. 5,000 maLI pathika saimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 10 For Private and Personal Use Only

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12. ekaMdara rU. 30,000 nA kharace baMdhAvI. 13. jarathostI khAso AmanA vAparavA mATe 14. roja urjA mAhA 8 mo sana 1294 yajhadagaradI 15. tA. 9mI eprIla sane 1925 isvI 16. ne vAra gurunA roja IjAvI 17. khullo mUkyo che. 3. bukhArA mahollAnA AdariyAnano zilAlekha, ya.sa. 1382, I.sa. 1933 bukhArA mahollAmAM AvelI upara jaNAvelI pArasI agiyArImAM dAdagAhanI takatInI uparanA bhAgamAM A takatI mUkelI che. e 74.5 se.mI. lAMbI ane 43.5 se.mI. UMcI che. lekha gujarAtI bhASAmAM lakhelo che ne gujarAtI lipimAM kotarelo che. lekhanI bhASA ekaMdare zuddha che ne joDaNI agAunA lekhomAM che tenA karatAM ochI azuddha che. lekha 10 paMktiono che. lekhano AraMbha ahuramajhDanA AzIrvAdane lagatA maMgalavAkyathI thAya che. lekha jaNAve che ke marahUma sara navarojI pestanajI vakIla tathA marahUma khAna bahAdura jahAMgIrajI pestanajI vakIle dAdagAhanuM je makAna baMdhAvI aMjumanane soMpeluM, temAM sara navarojI pestanajI vakIlanI dIkarIoe lagabhaga rU. 12,000 nA kharce sudhArAvadhArA karI marahUma pitA tathA kAkAnA puNya arthe emAM AdarAna sAheba paraThAvI ApI e aMjumanane suparata karyuM che. lekhanA aMte miti ApavAmAM AvI che - yaddagaradI sana 1302 nA (sAtamA) mahera mahinAno baherAma arthAt 20 mo roja (zahenazAhI paddhatie) arthAt I.sa. 1933nA mArcanI 25mI tArIkha. lekhamAM sa2 navarojI pestanajI vakIlanI dIkarIonAM nAma jaNAvyAM nathI. navarojInAM patnI bacubAI suratanA zrI maherAvAnajI sAbAvAlAnAM putrI thatAM. emaNe 1888 mA gujarAta leDIjha klaba sthApI hatI. e 1891mAM mRtyu pAmyA. emane dIkaro nahoto, pAMca dIkarIo hatI. sahuthI moTAM dIkarI dInabAI zrI sorAbajI lAlakAkA vere paraNelAM. 1930 thI pArasI paMcAyatamAM be strI-sabhyono samAveza thayo tyAre temAMnA eka strI-sabhya tarIke cUMTAyelAM. emaNe A sabhya tarIke potAnA mRtyu (1945) paryaMta sevA ApI hatI. emanA uThamaNAmAM bharAyelI rakamamAMthI emanI icchA mujaba emanA tathA emanA patinA puNya arthe teonA putra zeTha baherAmajI taraphathI sara navarojI pestanajI vakIla pArasI seneTariyamanI jamIna upara be ceriTI bloka baMdhAvavAmAM AvyA che. zeTha baherAmajI sorAbajI lAlakAkAnA bhAI eracazAnA putra zrI kerasI lAlakAkA navarojI pestanajI eNnDa kaMpanI saMbhALe che. bIjAM dIkarI pIrojabAI zrI aradezara jamazedajI lAlakAkAnAM patnI hatAM, ne trIjAM dIkarI alIbAI zrI hozaMgajI barajorajI vakIlanAM. emanA putra phIrojha ane bhatrIjA parasI tathA tusIe paNa pArasI paMcAyatanA vahIvaTamAM sakriya rasa lIdho che. cothAM dIkarI gulabAI muMbaInA saoNlisiTara zrI dInazAjI jIjIbhAI vakIlanAM patnI hatAM. sara navarojI pestanajI vakIla pArasI seneTariyama 1957mAM gulabAInA mubAraka hAthe khulluM mukAyeluM. navarojInAM sahuthI nAnAM dIkarI zIrInabAI zrI sorAbajI ratanajI lAlakAkAnAM patnI hatAM. temanA jamAI zeTha zAvakazA pharadunajI tArApore 1934mAM khAnapuramAM sastA bhADAnA blaoNka baMdhAvelA, je 1958 mAM pArasI paMcAyatane suparata thayA che. zrI zAvakazA 1945 thI 1964 sudhI paMcAyatanA presiDanTa hatA. pathika traimAsika eprila-me-jUna, 2004 D 11 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zilAlekhano pATha 1. pAka dAdara ahuramajhadanI madada hojo. 2. dAdagAha sAhebanuM hAlanuM makAna je marahuma sara navarojI pestanajI 3. vakIla tathA marahuma khAnabahAdura jahAMgIrajI pestanajI vakIle 4. baMdhAvI anajumanane soMpyuM hatuM temAM anajumananI icchA anusAra. 5. marahuma sara navarojI pestanajI vakIlanAM dIkarIoe Azare. 6. rU. 12000 aMke bAra hajAranA kharce sudhArA-vadhArA karI potAnA 7. marahuma murabbIjI pitAjI tathA kAkAjInA punya arthe "AdarAna 8. sAheba" paraThAvI ApI, Aja roja anajumanane suparata kIdhA che. 9. zahenazAhI roja beharAMma yajhada mahA mahera yajhada yajhade garadI 10. sane 1302 amadAvAda, tA. 25 mI mArca, 1933. amadAvAdanI pArasI dharmazALAnA zilAlekho amadAvAdamAM salAposa mArga upara pArasI dharmazALA AvelI che. emAM zilAlekha kotarelI traNa takatIo che te parathI jUnI tathA navI dharmazALAnI mAhitI maLe che. 1. jUnI dharmazALAno zilAlekha, ya.sa. 1235, I.sa. 1866 che. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir hAla TAMkAvALA makAnanA pravezadvAranI upara eka takatI lagAvelI che, pahelAM e pAchaLanA koTamAM daravAjAnI kamAna nIce lagAvelI hatI. A takatI 60 se.mI, lAMbI ane 30 se.mI. UMcI che. emAM 8 lITIno lekha kotarelo che. keTalIka lITIo TUMkI che te madhyamAM lakhelI che. akSaronuM sarerAza kada 1.5 4 1.5 se.mI. jeTaluM che. cothI lITImAMnA akSara ethI bamaNuM kada dharAve che. lekhanI bhASA tathA lipi gujarAtI che. A zilAlekha parathI mAlUma paDe che ke muMbaInA zeTha zrI sorAbajI jamazedajI jIjIbhAIe potAnAM dIkarI gUlamAMjInI yAdagIrImAM ahIM pArasI musApharo mATe dharmazALA baMdhAvI hatI ne e amadAvAdanI jarathostI aMjumanane suparata karI hatI. emanA pitA sara jamazedajI jIjIbhAI muMbaInA agraNI vepArI, zrImaMta ane sakhAvatI dAtA hatA. emaNe aneka saMsthAo sthApI hatI jemAM emanA nAmanI haoNspiTala ane skUla oNpha ArTa khAsa noMdhapAtra che. 1. ra. 3. 4. 5. A zilAlekhanI miti yadagaradI sana 1235 nA 6ThThA mahinAno 13 mo roja - I.sa. 1866nA phebruArInI 2jI tArIkha che. A dharmazALA relathI paDI jatAM nAmazeSa thayelI che, enI takatI mojuda rahI che ne tene jALavI rAkhI pATha zrI muMbAI. vAzI. pArazI. zorAbajI. haMmazedajI, jIjIbhAIe. Ae. dharaMma.zarAha potAnAM. pharajaMde dIlabaMda. behana, gUlamAMjI nI.naIete dhrujAvIne. zrI amadAvAdanI. kula. jarathozatI. anajUmanane. pathika traimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 - 12 For Private and Personal Use Only

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6, potAnI komanAM musApharonAM vAparavAzanAM. kAraNasara. zapUrada, karI che. 7. roja. 13 mo. mAhA 6ThThA sane. 1235. IjidagaradI 8. tArIkha. 2 phebaravArI. sane. 1866. aMgarajI 2. navI dharmazALAno zilAlekha, vi.saM. 1948, I.sa. 1892, va.sa. 1261 navI dharmazALAnA mukhya khaMDanI plinthanI pUrva dIvAlanA uttara cheDA upara A takatI lagAvelI che. e 86 se.mI. lAMbI ane 40 se.mI. UMcI che. emAM kula pAMca lITIo che. pahelI lITInA akSara 5 x 5 seM.mI.nuM ane bAkInI lITIonA akSara 4 x 4 se.mI.nuM sarerAza kada dharAve che. lekhanI bhASA tathA lipi gujarAtI che. A lekha navI dharmazALAno pAyo naMkhAyo tene lagato che. A pAyo khA.ba. phIroja hosaMga dastUranA hAthe naMkhAyo hato. teo ahIMnA siTI mejisTreTa hatA. A vidhinI miti traNa saMvatomAM ApavAmAM AvI che : 1. vi.saM. 1948, 2. I.sa. 1892 ane 3. yu.sa. 1261. chellI be lITIonA keTalAka vacalA akSaro hAla taddana ghasAI gayA hoI avAcya che. sadabhAgye yajhudagaradI sananI lagabhaga badhI vigato jaLavAI rahI che - sana 1261nA serevara (zaherevara) mahinAno 19 mo roja pharavaradIna. A mahino varSano 6 ThTho mahino che. e varSanuM pArasI paMcAga maLyuM nathI, paraMtu pachInA zilAlekhamAM ApelI najIkanI mitinI tulanA parathI vi.saM.nI miti ane I.sa.nI tArIkhanI aTakaLa karatAM e phAgaNa suda 5 ane mArcanI 3jI tArIkha hovAnuM mAluma paDe che. pATha 1. A dharamazALAno pAyo 2. khAna bahAdura phIroja hosaMga dastura sITI 3. mAjIsTreTanA hAthe nAMkhavAmAM Avelo che. 4. saMvata 1948 nA phala (guna suda 5 ? 3 jI mArca ?) sana 1892 5. roja 19 mo pharavaradIna mAhA [6 pho] se(zahe)revara sana 1261 yajadagaradI 3. navI dharmazALAno zilAlekha, vi.saM. 1949, I.sa. 1893, ya.sa. 1262 navI dharmazALAnA mukhya khaMDanI dakSiNa dIvAlamAM pravezadvAranI jamaNI bAjue A takatI mUkelI che. takatI aMdaranI bAjue 83 se.mI. lAMbI ane pa8 se.mI. UMcI che. enI aMdara lakhANa kotarelo bhAga 76 x 49 se.mI.nI jagA roke che. akSaronuM sarerAza kada 1.5 x 1.5 seM.mI. che. lekha 13 lITIono che. lekhanI bhASA tathA lipi gujarAtI che. lekhanA AraMbhamAM pAka (pavitra) dAdAra (nyAyakartA) ahuramajhadanI duvA ApavAmAM AvI che. pachI jaNAvyuM che ke mULa dharmazALA jelamAM paDI gayAthI A navI dharmazALA khA... navarojI pestanajI vakIle potAnAM patnI bacubAInA puNya mATe baMdhAvI che, te bAMdhatAM rU. 25,000 nuM kharca thayuM che. pachI A dharmazALA amadAvAdanI jarathostI aMjumane suparata karI che ne marAmata tathA cAlu kharca mATe rU. 10,000 rokaDA navarojIe amadAvAdanI pArasI paMcAyatane ApyA che. emAM be zarata mUkelI che; eka e enuM vyAja bIjA koI kAmamAM vaparAya nahi, ne bIjuM e ke mudala rakamamAMthI kaMI vaparAya nahi. miti vi.saM. 1949 nA vaizAkha suda 12 ne guruvAra, tA. ra7 mI eprila I.sa. 1893 ane ya.sa. 1262 nA AvAM mahinAno gosa roja che. AvAM e varSano 8 mo mahino che ne gosa e mahinAno 14 mo roja che. pathika vaimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 [ 13 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mULa dharmazALA Isa. 1866 mAM baMdhAI hatI te relamAM tUTI gaI ne navI dharmazALA I.sa. 1893 mAM baMdhAI. A gALA daramyAna amadAvAdamAM nadImAM be vAra rela AvI hatI - pahelAM 1868 mAM ne pachI 1875 mAM. emAMnI pahelI rela vakhate zaheramAM nadInuM pANI peThuM nahotuM paNa ativRSTi ane bhAre pavanathI 9766 ghara paDI gayAM hatAM ne enI nuksAnI rU. 9,51,160 jeTalI thaI hatI. bIjI rela vakhate nadImAM bhAre pUra AvyuM, relaveno pUla tUTI gayo, elisapula paNa tUTI gayo. zaheramAM pANI peThuM ne zaheramAM 3887 ghara paDI gayAM, jenI nukasAnI rU. 5,82,080 nI aMkAyelI. mULa dharmazALA kaI relamAM tUTI gaI te A lekhamAM jaNAvyuM nathI, paNa bIjI rela je vadhu bhAre hatI temAM e tUTI gaI hoya e vadhu saMbhavita che. khA.ba. navarojIe navI dharmazALA pArasI paMcAyatanI anujJA laI e ja jagyAe baMdhAvI hatI. zrI navarojI pestanajI vakIla amadAvAdanA pArasIomAM agragaNya udyogapati ane dAnavIra hatA. emaNe ahIM baMdhAvela pArasI agiyArI, AMkhanA dardIono vaoNrDa, pArasI vaoNrDa, maeNTaraniTI vaoNrDa, pArasI maeNiTaraniTI vorDa, navarojI DispensarI, pArasI jimakhAnA, navarojI hola vagere paNa emanAM ciraMtana smAraka che. sarakAra taraphathI temane 'khAna bahAdura'no khitAba 1888 mAM maLyo hato. emanAM patnI bacubAIe 1888 mAM amadAvAdamAM gujarAta leDIjha klaba' sthApI hatI. e 1891mAM avasAna pAmelAM, te pachI navarojIe patnInA puNyaarthe A dharmazALA baMdhAvI hatI, AgaLa jatAM 1917 mAM navarojIne sarakAra taraphathI "sarano ilakAba maLyo hato. navarojI 1840 mAM janmyA hatA ne 85 varSanI vaye 1926 mAM mRtyu pAmyA hatA. pATha 1. zrI pAka dAdAra horamajadanI madada hojo 2. mula dharamazAlA relamAM paDI gayAthI Ae 3. navI dharamazAlA jarathostI musApharone utaravAne sArU atarenA rehenAra 4. khAna bahAdura navarojI pezatanajI vakIle potAnAM kharace potAnAM vAhAlA 5. dhaNIANI bAI bacubAInA punane mATe baMdhAvI amadAvAdanI jarathostI 6. anajumanane svAdhIna karI che. A dharamazAlA bAMdhatA kharaca rU. 25,500 thayA che 7. tathA marAmata ane cAlu kharaca sArU rU. 10,000 khAna bahAdura navarojI 8. pezatanajI vakIlo rokaDA amadAvAdanI pArasI paMcAyatane svAdhIna karyA che. 9. evI saratathI ke te rUpIAnuM vyAja marAmata tathA cAlu kharaca sIvAya bIjA koI 10. paNa kAmamAM le nahI temaja mudala rUpIAmAMthI koIpaNa dIvasa kaI vApare nahI 11.saMvata 1949nA vaizAkha sudI 12ne vAra gare 12. tA. 27mI eparela 1893 13. roja gosa mAhA AvAM sane 1262 yajadaja(ga)radI. oma, gujarAtamAM pArasIono vasavATa bahu lAMbA samayathI hato. te sAthe temano dharma, dhArmika imArato, zilAlekho vagere paNa ahIM sthapAyA. je gujarAtanA dharma-saMpradAyo temaja imAratI sthApatyamAM viziSTa bhAta pADe che. pathika tramAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 n 14 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pAdaTIpa 1. Ara.TI.sAvaliyA, 'jarathostI dharmamAM mAnava dharma', "viveka sudhA", vizvabaMdhutvadina vizeSAMka, varSa 3, aMka 10-11, sapTe.-Dise. 1991 2. 2cho.parIkha ane ha.gaM.zAstrI, (saMpA.) "gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa' (gu.rA.sAM.i.), graMtha pa, pR. 383 gu.rA.sAM.i., graMtha 6, pR. 386-389 gu.rA.sAM.i., graMtha 7, pR. 327-30 gu.rA.sAM.I., graMtha 8, pR. 500 6. prAci. parIkha ane bhAratI zelata, "amadAvAdanuM pArasI agnimaMdira', "sAmIpya", julAI-sapTe. 1985, pR. 110-112 7. gu.rA.sAMI, graMtha 9, pR. 46-61 8. ha.gaM.zAstrI ane bhAratI zelata, "amadAvAdanI agiyArIonA zilAlekha", "buddhiprakAza', Dise. 1980, pR. 485-89 9. ha.gaM, zAstrI ane bhAratI zelata, amadAvAdanI pArasI dharmazALAnA zilAlekha', "pathika", Dise. 1980, pR. 18-20 - - anAmata havADI ! agni phADI. bhaMDAra khaMDa - 1. 1 juvo * kaztI zAha parasALa tAda zrAddha " mATe jagyA T (kebala) yu . mukhya hola 5 s. == morI saMjJA Adazana saba. u | dagA ! na yA = ka = -na-- nInI- prayinI HS = pha spA 6 DI S pravaza AkRti 1 : amadAvAdanI pArasI agiyArInuM talamAna pathika vaimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 n 15 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ma " lIlA - , ke *** . che . ' ' . * : '+' - A -- +, ke * . AkRti ra : pArasI agiyArI, khamAsA geTa, amadAvAda 1 -CL TITL | | | UJAVANI BYkatA 7 JI ( if I III I ! I | H R / TITI .uitml pI | IDL L S AkRti 3: pArasI dakhamAnuM talamAna 1. praveza, 2. phUTapAtha, 3, pAvI-oTalIpuruSa mATe, 4. pAvI-oTalI-strIo mATe, 5. pAvI-oTalI-bALako mATe, 6, bhaMDAramukhya coka, 7. nIka, 8. pravAhInuM zuddhikaraNa, 9. kUvA pathika saimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 n 16 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mAMDala itihAsanA ojasamAM Do. harSadakumAra brahmabhaTTa gatizIla samayane koNa rokI zake ? Aja gaIkAla thavAnI ja che. dareka vartamAna atItanA AMgaNe jaIne bese che. vItelI vAta, vItelo samaya, mANasa mAtrane vAgoLavo game che. je atIta mANase joyo nathI ke anubhavyo nathI te paNa sAMbhaLI-sAMbhaLIne, saMbhArI-saMbhArIne mANasa mANe che. paraMtu Akhe-Akho atIta kyAreya pratyakSa thato nathI. chatAMya ItihAsamAM DokiyuM karavA mANasanuM mana lalacAya che. ahIM mArI janmabhUmi (mAdarevatana) mAMDalanA itihAsamAM najara karavAno, DokiyuM karavAno, atItane tAjo karavAno khyAla che. emAM aitihAsika ghaTanAono viniyoga karyo che. to prajAmAM pracalita daMtakathAomAMnuM satya tAravIne tathya zodhavAno prayatna karyo che. amadAvAda jillAmAM viramagAma tAlukA pachI vastI, vyApAra ane udyoganI dRSTie agatyanuM sthAna dharAvatuM mAMDala (hAla mAMDala tAluko che.) amadAvAdathI uttare para (bAvana) mAIla dUra akSAMza 23.10 ane pazcima rekhAMza 71.58 sthAne AveluM eka prAcIna nagara che. vaDhiyAra, cuMvALa, khAropATa, saurASTra gujarAtanA sImADAo eTale ke Aje amadAvAda, surendranagara ane mahesANA jevA jillAo tribheTe ahIM maLatA hoI mAMDala vyApAra ane vyavahAranI dRSTie paNa mahattvanuM mathaka banyuM che. mAMDala gAmanI purAtanatA sUcavatA veravikhera hAlatamAM patharAyelA aneka avazeSo sAkSI pUre che. AsapAsa purANo killo kaMIka aMze TakI rahyo che. verAna pradeza vacce bahu UMcANa bhAgamAM AveluM che. eka tarapha khaMbhalAya sarovara ane bIjI tarapha aMdhAriyA vananI vRkSa ghaTAo vacce AveluM khUba ramya sthaLa banyuM che. tevuM ja rUnA vyApAranuM kendra paNa che. mosama TANe roTalo raLI levA vaDhiyAra, vAgaDa, cuMvALa ane jhAlAvADa saurASTramAMthI UtarI AvelA hajAro zramajIvIothI jayAre e UbharAI UThe che tyAre ajaba thanaganATa anubhave che. lokomAM bharapUra prANazakti che, eka prakAranI mastI che, chatAM saujanya-viveka ane Atithya bhAvanA enI AgavI khAsiyata che.' vaidika sAhityamAM gujarAtanA koI vibhAgano ullekha jovA maLato nathI. ethI jaNAya che ke vaidika Aryone gujarAtanI mAhitI ja nahotI; kAraNa ke tyAM sudhI ahIM AdivAsI anAryo ke siMdhu saMskRtivALI prajAno vasavATa hato. vaidika samayanA aMtaparyata Aryo gujarAtamAM haju AvyA nahotA. kadAca Aja kAraNathI sUtrakALamAM saurASTramAM janAra Aryone pharI saMskAra karavA yogya gaNavAmAM AvatA. paNa pachIthI gujarAta tarapha vaLavA lAgyA hatA. 2 mahAbhAratamAM tathA purANomAM sauthI prathama manunA putra zaryAtino putra Anarta A tarapha AvyAnI kathA maLe che, jenA nAma parathI uttara gujarAtanuM nAma "Anarta paDeluM. paNa pAchaLathI teno putra raivata jenA nAma parathI giranAranuM nAma raivatagiri pracalita thayuM che tenuM rAjaya kuzasthalImAM hovAnuM purANo kahe che. pachI bhagavAna zrIkRSNanA doravyA yAdavo dvArakA AvyAnI kathA mahAbhArata vagere graMthomAM maLe che. paNa vAyupurANa jaNAve che ke puNyajana nAmanA rAkSasoe kuzasthalIno nAza karyo hato. temaja maharSi vedavyAsa paNa mahAbhAratamAM jaNAve che ke zaka-hUNo kRSNanA dehatyAga pachI dvArakA lUMTI yAdavonI strIo tathA saMpatti upADI gayA hatA. e batAve che ke tyAM sudhI Aryono vasavATa ahIM saphaLa thayo na hato. jo ke tyAre thoDA Aryoe giranAra-dvArakA * zeTha pI.TI.ArTsa kaoNleja, godharA-389001, ji. paMcamahAla pathika vaimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 n 17 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vasAvI sthira thavAno prayatna karelo temaja siMdhu saMskRtivALI prajA je vahANavaTAmAM tathA levaDadevaDamAM hoziyAra hatI, teNe vyApAra tathA vyavahAra mATe khaMbhAta-bharUca jevAM baMdaro kadAca UbhAM karyA haze; ema chatAM buddhamahAvIranA yuga sadhI AryonI ahIM khAsa vastI vadhI na hotI. tyAM sudhI anArya bhIla jevI mULa prajA jaMgalomAM-pahADomAM bhaTakyA karatI. ethI tyAM sudhI khAsa nagaro nirmANa thayAM nahotAM. kadAca AvAM ja kAraNe jene zAstromAM gaNAvelA sADI pacIsa AryadezomAM gujarAta AnartanuM nAma nahIM hoya. azoka rudradAmAnA giranAra paranA lekho parathI jANI zakAya che ke buddha-mahAvIra pachI ja AryonI saMkhyA ahIM vadhavA lAgI haze. tethI emaNe evAM vastIsthAno UbhAM karyAM haze. AvAM vastIsthAnomAM je RSinI saradArI nIce AvelA AryonI ToLI ahIM sthira thaI eNe potAnA netA RSi aNimAMDavyanA nAme mAMDavyapura (mAMDala) UbhuM karyuM haze ane e RSinI tapobhUmi tarIke pAchaLathI e yAtrAdhAma banyuM haze. mAMDala viSenI sauthI AdhArabhUta mAhitI mAMDala viSenI prAcInatAno ullekha brAhmaNotpatti mArtaDa nAmanA purANamAM "dharmAraNya' nAmanA prakaraNamAM maLe che. e prakaraNa anusAra zrI rAmacaMdrajI bhagavAna ahIM AvyA hatA ane maharSi vaziSTha sAthe ramaNIya vAvezvara tIrthamAM 'zrI mAMDavyeza" mahAdevanuM pUjana karyuM hatuM. vAvezvara tIrthamAM Aje paNa mAMDavyeza mahAdevanuM maMdira AveluM che. vaidika sAhityamAM prasiddha maharSi "aNimAMDavyano ahIMyAM Azrama hato. saMbhava che ke emanA nAma parathI ja gAmanuM nAma mAMDala paDyuM haze. cothA saikAmAM lakhAyelA padmapurANanA "pAtAla khaMDamAM AvelA "dharmAraNya mAhAbhya" nAmanA prakaraNamAM maMDalipura viSe je noMdha maLe che e mAMDala viSeno eka prAcInatama ullekha che. e ullekhane AdhAre hAlanA jhiMjhuvADA, pAllA, moDherA tathA mAMDala vagere sthAnone samAvato pradeza "dharmAraNya pradeza" gaNAto. kurukSetranI AjubAju AvelA "brahmAraNya" pradeza jeTaluM ja tyAre tenuM mAhAlya hatuM. pAchaLathI enA mAhAbhyane vadhAravA aneka kathAo lakhAI che. " aNimAMDavya viSe dharmazAstromAM je kathAo maLe che te uparathI mAMDala pAMDava yuga pahelAMnuM hovuM joIe paNa eTale badhe dUrano itihAsa na joIe to paNa anya purANo uparathI ochAmAM ochAM 2500 varSa pahelAMnuM to mAMDala hovuM ja joIe. maurya samrATanA sUbA mAMDalamAM rahetA evI eka noMdha jovA maLe che. vaLI e samayanAM nagaromAM mAMDala, vaDanagara, vaDhavANa jevAM 45 nagarono ullekha maLato hoI kadAca emAM satya hoI azokanA pautra saMpratie I.sa. pUrve 240 nI AsapAsa saurASTra sudhI jaina dharmano prathama pracAra karyo hato. gujarAta-saurASTramAM prathama sattA sthApanAra tarIke caMdragupta maurya, azoka tathA teno pautra saMpatinA nAmano ullekha najare paDe che. A pradeza prathama jaina sattAnA adhikAra nIce Avyo hoya tema kalpI zakAya. ahIM mAMDalamAM jaina vaNika komanAM hajAra kuTuMba hatAM evI noMdha prApta thAya che. pahelA saikAnI AsapAsa bhinnamAla vagere sthaLomAMthI AvelA jaina vaNikoe mAMDalane vyApAranuM kendra banAvavAmAM temano amUlya phALo Apyo hato. pachI bhAratamAM zaka-hUNonAM AkramaNone kAraNe A pradeza nAbUda banyo haze. tyAra bAda bahu lAMbA samaya sudhI e ItihAsanI paMktiomAMthI adezya banI gayeluM mAluma paDe che. ' jANItA saMzodhaka maulavI abujhaphara nadavIe temanA phArasI graMtha 'tArIkhe siMdhamAM jaNAvyuM che ke siMdhanA Araba sUbA junaida bina abdura rahamAne I.sa. 729mAM gujarAta para karela caDAInuM je varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che temAM tenI caDAInA mArgamAM gaNAvela zaheromAM paMja, saramada ane "manadala' agatyanAM zahero hatAM. manadala te ja mAMDala (maMDalI). zaka-hUNonA humalAo pachI prathamavAra ane junaidanA AkramaNa pachI bIjIvAra mAMDala tUTyuM haze. chatAM pharI e enAM khaMDero para trIjIvAra vasI samRddha thayuM hatuM. paMcAsarano rAjavI jayazikharI bhUvaDa sAmenA yuddhamAM pathika saimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 n 18 For Private and Personal Use Only

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marAyo. tenI patnI garbhavatI hatI. putra prAptinI AzAe tenA bhAI sAthe te jaMgalamAM cAlI gaI hatI. pAchaLathI devIne putra janmyo. vanamAM janmelo eTale tenuM nAma "vanarAjI rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. paMcAsarathI sAta mAIla upara mAMDala AveluM che. mAMDalanI bAjumAM aMdhAriyuM vana hatuM. Aje paNa A vibhAga aMdhAriyA vana tarIke jANIto che. junedanA AkramaNa pachI bhUvaDa rAjAne harAvIne vanarAja cAvaDAe I.sa. 746mAM aNahilapura (pATaNa)nI sthApanA karI. tyAM potAnI gAdI sthApI paraMtu mAMDala tenA nAkA paranuM agatyanuM zahera hovAthI teNe mAMDalamAM pAko killo baMdhAvyo hato, jene kAraNe mAMDala mahamaMda gajhanIthI mAMDIne mahamada begaDA sudhI thayelAM AkramaNo sAme A zahera TakI zakyuM hatuM. vanarAja cAvaDAnA vaMzamAM thayelA chellA rAjavI sAmaMtasiMhane mArIne enA bhANeja mULarAja solaMkIe rAjasattA kabaje karIne solaMkI vaMzanI sthApanA karI hatI' (I.sa. 942) paraMtu mAmAne mAravAne kAraNe enA dilamAM pazcAttApa thayo hato. ethI pApanA prAyazcitta rUpe eNe uttara bhAratanA brAhmaNone bolAvI 101 gAma dAnamAM ApyAM hatAM, jemAMnI eka ToLIne I.sa. 968 (vi.sa. 1024)nA kArataka sudi 15 ne guruvAre kRtikA nakSatramAM mAMDala gAma dAnamAM ApyuM hatuM. e brAhmaNonA vazaMjonI be zAkhA mAMDaliyA vyAsa ane mAMDaliyA rAvaLa haju paNa gAmamAM vase che. temanI kuLadevI cAmuMDA mAtAnuM maMdira khaMbhalAya sarovaranI madhyamAM hatuM ane tyAM pahoMcavA mATe paththarano pAko rasto bAMdhelo hato. tyAMthI (khaMbhalAya sarovarathI) mAtAnA Adeza mujaba emane khabhA para besADIne gAmamAM lAvI hAlamAM maMdiramAM padharAvavAmAM AvelAM che, je kAraNe e mAtAjI khaMbhalAya nAma pAmyAM che.' - A uparAMta mULarAja solaMkIe mAMDalamAM potAnA nAma uparathI mULezvara mahAdevanuM bhavya maMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM, jenAM darzana mATe mULarAja avAranavAra AvyA karatA. tethI A maMdiramAM pAzupata AcAryone pUjA-arcanA mATe khAsa rokavAmAM AvyA hatA. taduparAMta zAstrAgAra ane anya dharmasthAno hatAM, jemAM tapasvIo rahetA. vaLI maMdiranI sAme ja maThapatine rahevAno vizALa maTha paNa bAMdhavAmAM Avyo hato. mULezvara mahAdevanuM mahattva somanAtha jeTaluM hatuM. Ama mULarAje mAMDalamAM AvuM bhavya devAlaya baMdhAvyuM te parathI sAbita thAya che ke mAMDala e samaye samRddha zahera haze. I.sa. 1337 (vi.saM. 1393)mAM zrI karkasUrie nAbhinaMdanoddhAramAM gujarAtanAM tIrthadhAmomAM mAMDalane mukhya gayuM che. e maMdira to hAla naSTa thayuM che paNa yogI maTha TakI rahyo che, jethI e yogI maTha viSe jANavA maLe che ke "solaMkI rAjA bhImadeva bIjAe mAMDalanA mULezvara mahAdevanA maThAdhipati "veda garbha rAzi ne keTalAMka gAmo dAnamAM ApyAM che. I.sa. 1232 (vi.saM. 1288)mAM bhojuA (bhojavA) ane I.sa. 1240 (vi.saM. 1296)mAM rAja siyANI (rakhIANA) dAnamAM ApyAM hatAM. rAja siyANIvALA dAnapatramAM TheThavasaNA (DheDhAsaNA) rIvaDI (rIbaDI) dAlAuMDu (dAmoda-dAloda) ane laghuubhaDa (nAnA ubhaDA) vagere nAmono catuHsImA batAvato ullekha thayo che je gAmo Aje paNa sArI hAlatamAM che. vaLI A maTha paNa Aja sudhI TakI rahyo che. paNa hAlamAM te masjidamAM pheravAI gayo che. A maTha hAlamAM jummA masjida tarIke oLakhAya che. A maThanI bAMdhaNI jotAM te prAcIna gaNAya che. phakta mibara ane pravezano daravAjo navo banAvavAmAM Avyo che. e masjidamAM eka patthara para "yogImaTha' evA zabdo Aje paNa spaSTapaNe vAMcI zakAya che. temaja thAMbhalAo para magaradha jogI 700 tathA dAhahaTha 100 jevA zabdo che. dAhahaThano artha agni tApanAra thAya che. magarajano artha kAmadeva para vijaya meLavanAra thAya che. kAmadevanuM bIjuM nAma makaradhvaja enuM prAkRta svarUpa magaradhaja. Ama kAmadevane jItanAra 700 yogIo tathA paMcAgni tapa karanAra 100 yogIono A maTha haze." somanAtha maMdiramAM pa6 thAMbhalA hatA jyAre A yogImaThamAM 80 upara Aje paNa che. muslima tavArIkhakAra ibrA abhIra kAmilu-TUtavArIkhamAM jaNAve che ke "mAMDalanI samRddhi tathA mULezvara mahAdevanI bhavyatA sAMbhaLI brAhmaNo tathA maMdirano pathika saimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 n 19 For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAza karavA anya sthAnonI jema mAMDala para paNa mahaMmada gajhanIe AkramaNa kareluM. paNa mAMDalanuM mULezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira atUTyuM rahyuM. Aje te pUjAtuM raheluM che. ethI saheje ja jaNAya che ke mAMDalanA vIra mardoe ene harAvyo haze. mAMDala pATaNanA Adhipatya nIce hoI mAMDalamAM koInuM svataMtra zAsana nahotuM. ema chatAM I.sa. 1347 AsapAsanA samayamAM mAMDala svataMtra hatuM. muslima tavArIkhakAroe mAMDalamAM prathama svataMtra rAjA vaitarInI noMdha lIdhI che. paraMtu te jhAlA vaMzanA udesiMhajI pachI 14mA rAjA vegAjI I.sa. 135ramAM gAdIe AvyA hatA te prAMgadhrAno itihAsa jaNAve che ke kUvA gAdI badalyA pahelAM jhAlA vaMzanI akhaMDa rAjaparaMparA mAMDalathI vahIvaTa cAlavatI hatI. vaLI mAMDalamAM vaitarInA maraNa bAda thoDA ja samayamAM jhAlAonuM rAjaya hovAnA zilAlekha para purAvA sAMpaDyA che. AthI vegaDajI e ja mAMDalano vaitarI hovA saMbhava che. muslima tavArIkhakAro eno barAbara uccAra jALavI na zakyA hoya temaja emanA lakhANano anuvAda karanArAone hAthe ja paNa saheje kSati thaI hoya e saMbhavita che. urdU lakhANamAM gApha uparanI lITI jhAMkhI paDI gaI hoya ne tenI baMne bAju TapakuM rahI javAthI be nukatA jevuM kaMIka vaMcAyuM hoya to "gane sthAne 'ta' vaMcAya. temaja urdUmAM 'DAla' ane 're" ane se lagabhaga sarakhA lakhAtA hoI 'Dane badale '2' vaMcAya e paNa svAbhAvika che. Ama vegaDajImAMthI vaitarajI banI javAnI enI noMdha vaitarI tarIke ja sacavAI hoya e kalpanA zakya lAge che.' A rANA vaitarIe raNAhaTa sarovara baMdhAveluM ema kahevAya che. e sarovarane sthAne hAla okaLI vahe che. paNa tenI eka bAjunI pALa haju TakI rahI che. A sarovarane kAraNe mAMDala para avAranavAra gujarAtanA muslimonuM Agamana zarU thayeluM, jethI e Aje ko banyuM che. paNa e humalAomAM ghaNA muslima pIro paNa marAyA che, jemane kAraNe camana TekarI, gaMjapIra, kAsamapIra, sulatAna ibrAhIma tathA bAvA uMmara vagere sthAno astitvamAM AvyAM che. paramAM gaMjapIra viSe lokonI khUba UMDI zraddhA jovA maLe che. kAsamapIra e ahamadazAha bAdazAhanA putra mahaMmadazAha bIjAnA guru zekha ahamada khATA jaMgabakSanA bhAI hatA. kAsamapIre mAMDalane potAnuM vatana banAvyuM hatuM. gAmathI thoDe dUra kAsamaparuM vasAvI rahetA ane vaNATakAma karatA. tyAra bAdanA samayamAM khudAnI ibAdata karatA, Aje to A kAsamaparuM nAmamAtranuM rahyuM che. - dilhInA bAdazAha mahaMmada tagalaka gujarAtamAM baLavo thayo hato tyAre AvyA hatA. tyAre vaitarI (vegaDajI)nuM zAsana cAlatuM hatuM. kahevAya che ke gujarAtamAM baLavAkhoromAM maleka taLI (tavI malika tughAna) bahAdura hato. tene bAdazAha paNa parAsta karI zakato nahoto. tyAre mAMDalanA vaitarI(vegaDajI)e bhAre zikasta ApIne vaza karyo hato. tenA AvA bAhoza parAkramathI bAdazAha khuza thaIne vaitarI(vegaDajI)nA AgrahathI bAdazAha mAMDalamAM Avyo hato. te samaya daramyAna comAsuM besI javAthI bAdazAhane 4 mahinA mAMDalamAM rokAvuM paDyuM hatuM. tyAra bAda vaitarI(vegaDajI)ne muslima bAdazAha sAthe sAro saMbaMdha hovAthI tenA vaMzajonI sattA lAMbo samaya sudhI cAlI hatI. vegaDajIe I.sa. 1368 sudhI rAjaya karyuM hatuM. emanA putra kheMgArajIe bhaMkoDAnI jAgIra meLavI hatI. vegaDajI pachI 15mA rAjA rAmasiMhajI (I.sa. 1368 thI 1385) gAdIe AvyA hatA. temanA putra lAkhAjIrAje sItApuranI jAgIra meLavI hatI. rAmasiMhajIe rAmapura gAma vasAvyuM hatuM. rAmasiMhajI pachI temanA putra vIrasiMhajIe (I.sa. 1385 thI 1392) rAjagAdI saMbhALI hatI. vIrasiMhajInA samayamAM I.sa. 1390 mAM amadAvAdanA sUbA mahamadazAhe mAMDalane ghero ghAlyo, paNa temAM teo parAsta thayA na hatA. AthI pharIthI 1395 mAM mujhaphpharazAhe mAMDala para AkramaNa karyuM hatuM. te samaye putra rAjA chatrasAlajIe AkramaNakhorone mArI haThAvyA hatA.0 pathika vaimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 ] 20 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vIrasiMhajInA maraNa bAda emanA bIjA putra raNamalasiMhajI I.sa. 1392mAM gAdIe AvyA hatA. emaNe bADamera koTaDAnI rAThoDa vaMzanI kanyA bhagADIne lagna karyAM hovAthI rAThoDe tenuM vera levA temane pakaDIne jelamAM rAkhyA hatA. paraMtu putra chatrasAlajIe temane rAThoDanA hAthamAMthI mukta karyA hatA. I.sa. 1394mAM pitAnA mutyu bAda chatrasAlajIe rAjavahIvaTa saMbhALyo hato. gujarAtanA agAunA jhAlAomAM e eka ja evo samartha puruSa hato ke jene "jhAlAvADanA mahArAjA athavA mAMDalagaDhanA mahArAjA' evuM biruda prApta thayuM hatuM.raM teo pitAnA maraNa bAda I.sa. 1408mAM gAdIe AvyA hatA. paraMtu rAjyAbhiSeka I.sa. 1414mAM thayo hato. tethI saMbhava che ke vidhisarano rAjyAbhiSeka tyAre thayo haze, satrasAlajI athavA chatrasAlajI itihAsamAM suratAnajI ke sulatAnajInA nAme oLakhAya che. mALavAnA sulatAna hozAMgazA, iDaranA rAva pUMjo ane jUnAgaDhanA 'rA' cuDAsamA emanA khAsa mitro hatA. temaNe amadAvAdanA bAdazAha ahamadazAha sAme traNavAra baMDa pokAryuM hatuM. AthI bAdazAha traNa vakhata mAMDala para caDI AvyA. eka vakhata bAdazAhane saphaLatA maLI paNa temAM be vIranAM mRtyu thayAM hatAM, jemAMnA ekanI kabara rAmajI maMdira pAse che, bIjAnI AMbalIyAmAM AvelI che jyAM AMbalIyAmAM japharazApIra AvelA che. temano Aje paNa ursa bharAya che. A samaye je saMdhi thayela hatI tenI noMdha paNa jovA maLe che. tyAre mAMDalane maMDali kahevAtuM ane satrasAlajI tathA temanA putra jetasiMha 'rANaja' kahevAtA. saMdhine AdhAre mAMDavIe dANa levAnI thayelI zarato rajU karato eka zilAlekha Aje paNa mAMDalamAM rAmajI maMdiramAM sacavAI rahyo che. temAM saMdhinI tArIkha I.sa. 1418nA poSa vadI zukravAra ApelI che.22 eka vAra viplavamAM bAdazAha naMdarabAra gayA hatA. te samayano lAbha laIne mAMDala, mALavA ane iDara ema traNanA rAjavIoe AkramaNanI taiyArI karI, paNa AnI jANa bAdazAhane thatAM bAdazAha AvI gayA. tethI mALavAnA sulatAna hozAMgazA ane iDarano rAva pUMjo yuddha karyA vagara jatA rahyA hatA. tyAre satrasAlajI bAdazAhanI phoja sAme laDyA. pAchaLathI teoe nAsI jaIne saurASTramAM Azraya lIdho hato. tyArabAda jUnAgaDhanA 'rA' cuDAsamAnI madadathI teNe bAdazAha upara bIjI vAra AkramaNa karyuM. A cuDAsamA te ja maMDalika tarIke jANI zakAya che. Ama be vAra AkramaNa pachI paNa trIjI vAranA AkramaNa vakhate bAdazAhe saMdhi karI hatI. kAraNa ke satrasAlajI jevA vIrane parAsta karavA muzkela hatA. Ama joIe to mAMDalanA satrasAlajI, IDaranA rAva pUMjA ane cAMpAneranA patAI rAvaLa-e traNa bahAdura hovAthI temaNe gujarAtamAM muslima saltanata ne sthAyI na thavA devA mATe saMyukta prayAso karyA hatA. AthI traNeya rAjavIoe jIvyA tyAM sudhI bAdazAha sAme AkramaNo karyAM hatAM. ane bAdazAhane AjIvana jaMpIne besavA dIdho na hato. AthI bAdazAha kAMI nakkara kAma karI zakyo nahoto. satrasAlajI mAMDalagaDhanA mahArAjA kahevAtA. A kAraNe mAMDalano mULa killo paththarano hoI te khUba ja majabUta haze ane tethI ja satrasAlajI tathA temanA pitA ane pitAmahe mAMDalamAM gAdI sthApI haze. jhAlAvADamAM pATaDI ane vIramagAmanA killAo prathama IMTanA killA hatA. jyAre mAMDalamAM prathamathI ja paththarano killo jovA maLe che, je Aje paNa thoDoka jovA maLe che. ane eTale ja cheka sAtamA saikAmAM thayelA siMdhanA sUbA junaidanA AkramaNa pachIthI mAMDIne cheka ogaNIsamI sadInA prAraMbha kALa sudhI thayelA muslima-marAThA tathA pezvAonAM AkramaNo sAme e anekavAra TakI zakyo hato. ethI jANavA maLe che ke sau prathama vanarAja cAvaDAe A majabUta gaDha bAMdhyo haze, je parAvAsa(paTelavAsa)ne bharaDo laI UbhelA aMtagaDhamAM sainya mATe dArUgoLo, koThA pAse anAja bhaMDAro tathA laDAyaka sAdhana-sAmagrIo rAkhavAmAM AvatI. A killAne khUba majabUta ane pahoLo banAvavAmAM Avyo haze. Aje paNa keTalIka jagyAe pAMca phUTa pahoLo lagabhaga joI zakAya che. corA pathika traimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 gha 21 For Private and Personal Use Only

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tathA davAkhAnAne pharato Avelo rAjagaDha e rAjakIya kuTuMba tathA rAjamahelane surakSita rAkhavA mATe baMdhAyelo haze, jyAre gAmanI pharato gaDha to khUba vizALa jagyA rokIne paDelo hato. mahaMmadazAha bAdazAhanA harIphomAM gujarAtamAM iDarano rAva pUMjo, cAMpAnerano patAI rAvaLa ane mAMDalano satrasAlajI ane saurASTramAM jUnAgaDhanA rA cuDAsamA mukhya hatA. jUnAgaDhamAM pAchaLathI rA mAMDalika gAdIe AvyA hoI A samaye mAMDala ane jUnAgaDha baMne rAjyo vacce gADha snehasaMbaMdha baMdhAyo hato, je ApaNe AgaLa joI gayA ke mAMDalanA satrasAlajIe bAdazAhanI phojathI bhAgIne jUnAgaDhamAM Azraya lIdho hato. temAM vaLI baMnenAM nAmomAM khAsa karIne maMDalI zabda Avato hato kAraNa ke mAMDala tyAre maMDalI kahevAtuM hatuM. uparokta jUnAgaDhanA rA mAMDalikane mAMDala sAthe mitratA hovAthI kyAreka mAMDalamAM paNa AvI thoDA vakhata rokAyA hoya ane tyAre prajAnA dilamAM emaNe AdarabharyuM sthAna meLavI lIdhuM hoya jethI ghaNA lokoe mAMDala sAthe emanuM nAma joDI dIdhuM lAge che. AthI Aje paNa mAMDalavAsI lokonA mukhe to mAMDalika ja mAMDalano rAjA saMbhaLAya che, paNa e kevaLa mAMDalanA rAjavIono hitecchu mitra ja hato, nahIM ke rAjA. mAMDalamAM I.sa. 1408 thI 1420 sudhInA potAnA 12 varSanA amala daramyAna satrasAlajIe prathama bADamera koTaDAmAM pitAne choDAvyA hatA ane tyAMthI mAMDala para potAnuM prabhutva jamAvyuM hatuM. AvA samaye jhAlAono ziromaNi jhAlAvADanA mahArAjA mAMDalagaDhano kahevAya che paNa mAMDalamAM enAM guNagAna gavAya evuM eka paNa saMsmaraNa rahyuM nathI. emano bAra varSano samaya amadAvAdanA ahamadazAha bAdazAha tathA muslima sattA sAme laDavAmAM gayo che. ene AthI evAM sthApatyo ne smRticihno UbhAM karavAno samaya nahoto maLyo. mAMDalane AvuM gaurava apAvanAra satrasAlajI mahAna rAjavI hatA. emaNe UbhA karelA eka zilAlekha sivAya emanI kazI ja smRti hAla dekhAtI nathI. te mAMDala mATe eka duHkhanI vAta che. eka noMdhane AdhAre jANI zakAya che ke mAMDalamAM baLavAne nAthavA mATe mahamUda begaDAe vizALa senA ane eka hajAra hAthIo paNa sAthe yuddhamAM mokalyA hatA. mahamUda begaDAnA vizALa sainyane mahArAjA satrasAlajI ane yuvarAja jetasihe harAvIne temanI vIratA batAvI hatI. I.sa. 1420 nA roja satrasAlajInuM avasAna thatAM temanA putra yuvarAja jetasiMhajI gAdIe AvyA hatA.25 jetasiMhajI mAMDalanI gAdIe AvyA bAda pitAnI jema ja bAdazAha sAme temano viplava cAlu ja rAkhyo hato. I.sa. 1424mAM bAdazAha sAme bhAre AkramaNa karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. A vakhate bAdazAhe dakSiNanA bahmanInA sulatAnanI madada lIdhI hatI. tethI bAdazAhathI rAjyane sahIsalAmata rAkhavA mATe temaNe mAMDalanI kUvA gAme gAdI sthApI hatI. paraMtu tyAMnA sthAnika bhIla koLI sAthe ugra laDAI laDyA pachI te gAmanuM nAma kaMkAvaTI rAkhavAmAM AvyuM, jenI noMdha prAMgadhrA rAjanA daphatara pramANe I.sa. 142panA kArtika sudi 9 guruvAre tyAM gAdI badalI hatI. tyAM teo I.sa. 1441 sudhI rahyA hatA. temanA mRtyu pachI temano moTo putra vanavIra ke raNavIra gAdIe Avyo. kUvAnA eka purANA kUvAnI dIvAla upara "rANazrI raNavIra" akSaro maLe che. eTale ahIM rAjadhAnI badalI tyAre jetasiMha pachI temanA putra raNavIre AvIne zaheranI AbAdI karI che tevuM mAluma paDe che. 27 raNavIra 1460mAM maraNa pAmatAM bhImasiMha gAdIe AvyA tenI eka noMdha "rANAzrI bhIma" evo ullekha maLe che tethI te rANA raNavIrano putra bhImasiMha hoI zake tevuM mAlUma paDe che. teNe kUvAmAM mAtra vAva baMdhAvI hatI. bhImasiMha pachI teno putra vAghajI I.sa. 1479 mAM gAdI para beTho hato. enA samayano eka zilAlekha maLe che temAM saMvata 1539nA mAgha sudi 13 zukravAra (tA. 1-ra-1482) che. emAM sArvabhaumasattA "pAlasAthI mahamUda"nI ane pradeza-sattA "rANathI vAghajI"nI sUcavAI che. 28 ethI mAlUma paDe che ke vAghajI tyAMno sattAdhIza hato. tenA samayamAM mahemUda begaDo kUvA para caDhI Avyo hato. ethI te banAva pathika trimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 n 22 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kUvAnAM vera' tarIke jANIto che. Ama jetasiMha pachI mAMDalathI kUvA ane tyArabAda haLavada tema rAjadhAnIonuM sthaLAMtara thatuM rahyuM. paNa mAMDala para jhAlAonI jagyAe muslima bAdazAhanuM Adhipatya sthapAyeluM jovA maLe jhAlAoe mAMDalamAMthI sthaLAMtara karyA bAda lagabhaga 200 varSa sudhI muslima-mughala bAdazAhono amala rahyo hato. paNa I.sa. 1740mAM marAThA saradAra raMgojIe vIramagAmanI jAgIra pATIdAra bhAvasiMhajI pAsethI paDAvI laIne tenA karAra pramANe pATaDInI jAgIra ane tenI AjubAjunAM 20 gAmo ApyAM hatAM. mAMDala-vIramagAmano itihAsa jotAM mAlUma paDe che ke mahamUda begaDA pAsethI vIramagAmanI jAgIra maLI tyAre jhAlAo pAse mAMDala- vIramagAma ane pATaDI jevAM gAmo hatAM. tethI pATaDInI sAthe tAbAmAM maLeluM mAMDala gAma hoI zake. AthI bhAvasiMhajInA bhAI veNIdAsane mAMDala jAgIra tarIke ApyuM hatuM. temane mAMDalanI jAgIra sAthe varamora, vIMjhuvADA tathA vanaparaDI ema 3 gAmo paNa temane maLyAM hatAM. temAM mAMDalanI jAgIra saMbhALyA bAda temaNe mAMDalano killo je aneka AkramaNone kAraNe jarjarita thayelo hato te punaH samarAvyo hato. I.sa. 1747mAM navo killo parAnA daravAjAthI zarU karIne hAlanA gAma pharato baMdhAvavAno zarU karyo hato. paNa koI kAraNosara pUro thaI zakyo nahoto. e killAnI yojanA pramANe vATAvAsa, bharavADavAsa ane harijana mahollA bahArathI ene laMbAvavAnI yojanA hatI temaja chaniyArI bhAgoLe daravAjo mUkavAnI yojanA hatI. tenuM nAma "lAlIno daravAjo" ApavAmAM AveluM. A killo tyAMthI laMbAvIne vAgharIvAsa pAchaLanA taLAvanA kAMThe kAMThe AgaLa vadhArIne AjanI sarakArI zALAnI dIvAla sudhI laMbAvavAno haze. game te kAraNosara te pUro karI zakyo nahoto. I.sa. 1750mAM veNIdAsa temanA bhAI bhAvasiMhajI pAsethI 6 hajAranI phoja laIne kAThiyAvADanI mulkagIrI ugharAvavA gayA hatA. temAM jhiMjhuvADAnA tAlukadAre salAmI ApavAnI AnAkAnI karatAM temanA tAbAnAM surelI ane ghAmA jevAM gAmo lUMTAyAM ane salAmI vasUla karI hatI." A uparAMta temanA pitAnuM dagAthI khUna karanAra alITAke lUMTArAnI ToLakI jamAvI hatI. eNe A samaye vIsAvaDI gAma lUMTyuM hatuM. teNe dasADA gAme mukAma rAkhyo hato. tenI jANa veNIdAsane thatAM temanA moTAbhAI bhAvasiMhajI sAthe maLIne dasADA para caDAI karIne pitAnA khUnIne mArI nAkhyo hato. paNa te samaye alITAMkanuM vera levA mATe amadAvAdanA sUbA zera bulaMdakhAnanA putra kamAludIna bAbIe mAMDala para 7 hajAranI phoja laIne AkramaNa karyuM. temAM bAbInI sakhata hAra thaI; jo ke A saMgrAmamAM desAI bhAvasiMhajInuM mRtyu thayuM hatuM. paNa mAMDalano killo bacAvI lIdho hato. thoDAM varSa sudhI veNIdAse mAMDalamAM rAjaya bhogavyuM hatuM ane pachI mRtyu thayuM hatuM. veNIdAsanA mRtyu bAda temanA pitarAI bhAI jeThAbhAI paTela mAMDalanI gAdIe AvyA hatA. te parAkramI ane baLavAna hatA. kAThiyAvADamAM temanI dhAka hatI. pezvAonA te mAnatA hatA. AthI pezvAonI saurASTramAM mulkagIrI ugharAvavAnuM kAma temane soMpavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. AthI te jyAre mulkagIrI ugharAvavA nIkaLatA tyAre rAjAo ane tAlukAdAro temane AvatA joIne namI paDatA ane mulkagIrI ApI detAM. AvA te bahAdura hovAthI eka samaye haLavadanA mahArAjA gajasiMha pAse caDI gayelA rU. be lAkhanI khaMDaNI vasUla karavA teo sainya vinA levA gayA paraMtu te samaye mahArAjA mRtyu pAmelA hoI emanI vidhavA rANI jIjIbAI rAjaya calAvatAM, kAraNa ke navA mahArAja jazavaMtasiMha haju nAnA hatA. Ama, chatAM jeThAbhAIe temane dhamakI ApI ke game tema karI khaMDaNI bharI javI. te samaye jIjIbAIe tema paNa kaheluM ke vaDhavANanA ThAkore mAruM rAjya pAyamAla karyuM che tethI thoDo samaya Apo. paNa jeThAbhAI to potAnA vacananuM pAlana thAya temAM mAnatA hatA. pathika trimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 n 23 For Private and Personal Use Only

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www.kobau Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir teo tyAMthI AgaLa khaMDaNI vasUla karavA cAlI nIkaLyA. haLavadanA svargastha mahArAjane cuMvALanA panAra gAmanA ThAkora kRpAjInI sAthe dostI hatI. tethI rANI tene bhAI kahI bolAvatI. AthI kRpAjIne rANIe bolAvIne kahyuM ke tame jayAM sudhI mAMDalanA jeThAbhAIne khatama nahIM karo tyAM sudhI e mane jaMpIne rahevA deze nahIM. AthI kRpAjI jeThAbhAIne mAravA lAga jotA hatA. tevAmAM jeThAbhAI paTela amadAvAdathI pezvAnI vatI cuMvALanA carIALa gAmane toraNa bAMdhavA gayA. tyAM kRpAjIe jeThAbhAI niHzastra hatA tyAre phasAvIne hullo karyo jethI jeThAbhAI talavAranA ghA vAgatAM maraNa pAmyA. A ghaTanA I.sa. 1783mAM banI hatI.' jeThAbhAI paTela vIra tathA mutsadI ane zarApha paNa hatA. amadAvAdanA sUbA javAmardakhAna bAbI upara pezvAoe AkramaNa kareluM tyAre teoe vacamAM rahIne baMnene samajAvyA hatA jethI bALIne rAmapura-kherAlu jevAM pAMca paragaNAM ApavAnI zarate pezvAone amadAvAda ApavAnuM nakkI thayuM hatuM. (I.sa. 1753) pAchaLathI bAbIe vaNoda upara AkramaNa karyuM tyAre jeThAbhAIe temane madada karI hatI." jeThAbhAI mATe eka daMtakathA evI che ke teo eka moTA zarApha paNa hatA. jeTalA rUpiyAnI emanA para hUMDIo lakhAtI teTalA rUpiyA e tarata ja judA mukAvatA. eka vAra temanI AbarU levA lAMbA vakhata pachI eka ja divase badhI ja hUMDIo vaTAvavAno emanA para mAro cAlyo, paNa emaNe sahunA rUpiyA tarata ja gaNI ApI badhAne AzcaryamAM nAMkhI dIdhA hatA. jeThAbhAI AvA vIra hatA. temanA mRtyu bAda patnI mANekabAIe potAnA patine dagAthI mAranAra kRpAjI ThAkora(makavANA)nA gAma panAra para savArI karI gAma lUMTyuM, bALyuM ane kRpAjIne pakaDI-mArIne vera lIdhuM hatuM. mANekabAI bhAre dhairyavAna strI hatI. temaNe mAMDalano vahIvaTa potAnA bALaputranA nAme calAvyo. mANekabAI buddhizALI, rAjakuzaLa, vyavahAradakSa, pativratA nArI hatAM. mANekabAI vize aneka daMtakathAo che. teo rAjyavahIvaTa karatAM ane daravAjAnA jharUkhe e dAtaNa karavA besatAM ane te samaye tenA rAjayanAM duHkhI lokonI phariyAdo sAMbhaLatAM ane yogya nyAya ApatAM. mANekabAI eka vIrAMganA hatAM. teTalAM te AkramaNakhoro sAme prasaMge te raNacaMDikA banatAM. mANekabAI duzmano sAme humalo karatI vakhate puruSono pozAka paheratAM ane ghoDesavArI karIne sainyanI mokhare rahIne te sAmano karatAM. tenI yAda tAjI karato mAMDalamAM Aje paNa "mANekabAI daravAjo" jovA maLe che. 38 mANekabAI jyAM sudhI jIvatAM tyAM sudhI teNe muslima-marAThA tathA lUTAru ToLIonA humalAono sAmano karIne parAsta karyA ane mAMDalanA dhvajane namavA nahoto dIdho. mAMDalanA itihAsamAM A eka ja nArIe rAjavahIvaTa saMbhALyo che. A mANekabAIe putra nAno hoI kuzaLa rAjavahIvaTa saMbhALyo hato. jyAre putra devIsiMhajI umara lAyaka thatAM rAjyano vahIvaTa temane soMpavAmAM Avyo hato. devIsiMhajIe mAMDalanI gAdIno vahIvaTa saMbhALyo te samaye pezvAnA sUbA traMbakajIe temanI pAse pezakasI mAgI. teo potAnI svataMtra sanada meLavavA pezvAnI pAse punA gayA hatA. paraMtu I.sa. 1817mAM pezvA bAjIrAva bIjAe temanA senApati bApu gokhalenI sAthe maLIne aMgreja sarakAra sAme vigraha karyo hato. AthI devIsiMhe A prasaMge bAjIrAva bIjAnI paDakhe rahI aMgrejo sAme yuddhamAM jhaMpalAvyuM hatuM. yuddhamAM bhAre vIratA batAvIne pezvAnI cAha meLavI lIdhI hatI, paNa aMgrejonA chellA AkramaNamAM bAjIrAva bIjo pakaDAtAM temane bacAvavA mATenA maraNiyA prayAsamAM duzmanonI sAme laDatAM teo paNa vIragatine prApta thayA hatA. Ama I. sa. 1818mAM pezvAno parAjaya thatAM ane pachI gAyakavADa sAthe saMdhimAM thayelA kolakarAra pramANe kheDAnA kalekTara Danalope amadAvAdano kabajo lIdho hato. Ama amadAvAda jillo aMgrejonA hAthamAM AvavAthI mAMDalane khAlasA karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. paNa devIsiMhanA putra phatesiMhajIne chUTochavAyo garAsa tathA pathika 2mAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 ] 24 For Private and Personal Use Only

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viramagAmanI paTalAI ApavAmAM AvI hatI. tyArabAda phatesiMhajInA pautranA pautra zaMkara mukhIe chelle mAMDalamAM mahAdevanA maMdiranI jamIna vecIne mAMDalanuM saMbhAraNuM choDI dIdhuM hatuM.39 mAMDala aMgrejI hakumata heThaLa AvavAthI tenI svataMtratA chinavAI gaI, paNa jayAre bhAratamAM rASTrIya caLavaLanI zarUAta thaI tyAre pharI te mAMDalanI janatAe temAM potAno sUra purAvyo ane rASTrane svataMtra karavAmAM teNe potAno phALo Apyo hato. 1857nA baLavAmAM baLavA pachI aMgrejonI dhAkane kAraNe prajA jayAre sattvahIna, Darapoka ane bhIru banI gaI hatI tyAre prajAmAM nirbhayatA, svamAna, rASTrabhakti ane svataMtra vicAraNAnuM javalaMta teja pADanAra ane e rIte prajAnuM utthAna karanAra je prathama krAMtikArI vIra zAha maphAbhAI mAMDalane AMgaNe janmyA hatA. I.sa. 1905mAM baMgabhaMganI caLavaLathI gAmamAM vartamAnapatro vaMcAtAM zarU thayAM ane zerIe zerIe svadezI vyAkhyAno thavAM lAgyAM. temAM mukhya sUtradhAra zAha maphAbhAI, dozI AzAbhAI tathA zAha vIracaMda hatA.0 I.sa. 1917 thI mahAtmA gAMdhIjInuM nAma lokajIbhe ramatuM thayuM. 1919mAM gAMdhIjInI dharapakaDa pachI tophAnomAM mAMDala mokhare hatuM. 1920mAM gUjarAta vidyApIThanI sthApanA thatAM khAdI dhAraNa karavAno TharAva pasAra thatAM mAMDalamAM yuvAnoe tarata ja kaMtAvI-vaNAvIne jADI khAdI paridhAna karI lIdhI hatI ane vidyApIThanA khAtamuhUrtanA e prasaMge amadAvAdamAM mAMDalanA yuvAnoe hAjarI ApIne mAMDalanuM nAma harakoIne moDhe gavAtuM karyuM hatuM. gAmamAM rASTrIyatAno jusso hato, jAgRti hatI ane dezane mATe karI chUTavAnI tamannA paNa hatI. te samaye mAMDalamAM saradAra paTela ane dezabhikSu maNilAla koThArI AvyA. teo yuvAnono jusso joI khuza thayA hatA. saradAranA AvavAthI ane rASTrIya kAryakramo uparAMta paradezI keLavaNInA bahiSkArathI prabhAvita thaIne mAMDalamAM prathama rASTrIya zALAnI sthApanA thaI. enuM nAma mohanadAsa gAMdhI rASTrIya zALA rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. mAMDalamAM mahAtmA gAMdhI vinayamaMdira nAme zALA Aje paNa astitvamAM jovA maLe che. A zALAmAM rASTrIya bhAvanAvALA yuvAnoe zikSaNakArya upADI lIdhuM. sAthe khAdI, reMTiyo gUMjatAM thayAM, gAmaDe-gAmaDe pracAra tathA tilaka svarAjaya phALo karavA tathA keMgresanA sabhyo banAvavA yuvAno gAmaDe gAmaDe pahoMcI gayA hatA. dArUnA pIThA para pikeTiMga, paradezI kApaDanI hoLI, zikSaNa kAryanI javAbadArI, gAmaDAomAM pracAra, uparAMta prabhAtapherI, sabhA, saraghaso, netAonAM svAgato tathA kAMtaNanA kAryakramo zALAmAM thatA. Ama rASTrIya pravRttionuM zALA ja kendrasthAna banI. A zALAmAM tyAre zakaracaMda deva, zAha lIlAcaMda, zAha maphAbhAI, vahorA amRtalAla, vahorA maNilAla, paTela rAmabhAI, zAha uttamacaMda, dozI AzAbhAI, zAha ratilAla, ratAjI ThAkora, vahorA choTAlAla, zAha vIracaMda jevA kAryakaroe A pravRttine vegIlI banAvI hatI. mAMDalamAM prabhAtapherImAM tyAre ra00 to kyAreka 700 thI 800 mAnavI paNa joDAtA. mAMDalanA AvA utsAhane kAraNe netAo AvatA to temanI vyavasthA tathA kAryakramo thoDIka vAramAM thaI jatA hatA. I.sa. 1921mAM amadAvAda mukAme bharAyela kogresa adhivezanamAM jAjarUnI saphAI karavAnuM kAma te samaye merAI maphatabhAI, Thakkara prabhudAsajI tathA zAha sAMkaLacaMda jevA mAMDalanA kAryakaroe kAma bajAvIne mAMDalane emaNe paNa pratiSThita banAvyuM hatuM. A uparAMta I.sa. 1930nA namaka satyAgraha samaye videzI kApaDa tathA. dArUnA pIThA para pikeTiMga karanArA tathA namaka satyAgraha karanArA ema traNa prakAranA svayaMsevakonI chAvaNImAM teo gAjI rahyA hatA. jyAre mAMDalanI zALAnA eka bhAgamAM zikSaNakArya cAlatuM tyAre bIjI bAju rASTrIya kAryakramo thatA. AthI ghaNIvAra polIse reDa paNa ahIMyAM paDI hatI. namaka satyAgrahanA kAryakramomAM eka divasa mAMDalanA 60-70 svayaMsevakoe khArAghoDA upara AkramaNa karIne mIThAnA thelA bharI lAvyA hatA. paraMtu mi. pathika saimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 n 25 For Private and Personal Use Only

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piyarsanI AgevAnI heThaLanA polIsoe A svayaMsevako upara AkramaNa karatAM temAM keTalAka ghAyala thayA hatA, jemAM vaidarAja cImanalAla mokhare hatA. mAMDalamAM sabhA, saraghasa ane pakaDApakaDI jevAM kAryonI vAta sAMbhaLIne dezanA netAo AvatA ane mAMDalanI prajAmAM utsAhane vadhAratA hatA. AmAMnA keTalAka svayaMsevakoe jela yAtrAo bhogavIne dezanI AjhAdInA jaMgamAM mahattvanuM yogadAna ApyuM che.] I.sa. 1931mAM prathama tAlukA pariSada bharAI hatI tyAre saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela padhAryA hatA. ane zALAnI mulAkAta laIne kahyuM hatuM ke mAMDala to raNamAM eka mIThI vIraDI jevuM sthAna che. haripura keMgresamAM adhivezanamAM "mAMDalanA 150 svayaMsevakoe temAM bhAga lIdho hato. mAMDalanI prajAe rASTrIya AjhAdInA dareka kAryakramamAM anero utsAha batAvyo hato. pachI te baMgabhaMganI caLavaLa hoya ke 1942nI 'hiMda choDo' caLavaLa ke pachI khilAphata AMdolana hoya te sarvamAM umaMgathI rASTrIya bhAvanA dAkhavI hatI. A badhI tapasyAonA phaLa rUpe AjhAdI AvI tyAre mAMDalavAsIonA AnaMdano pAra nahoto. e AnaMdamAM emaNe AkhuM gAma zaNagAryuM ane bALakone jamaNa ApyuM hatuM, janatAmAM miThAIo vaheMcI, 1947nA oNgasTanI 14mInI rAtre 12 vAgye atibhavya mazAla-saraghasa kADhI jIvavAnI dhanyatA mANI. emAM harijana, bhaMgI, vAgharIthI mAMDI samAjanA sarva varganAM bALako, strIo, paraSo, vRddho vagere lokoe khabhekhabhA milAvI bhAga lIdho hato. kAraNa ke darekanA haiyAmAM AjhAdIno eka ja dhabakAra cAlI rahyo. AthI AjhAdIno sUrya UgatAM oNgasTanI 15mIe 62-62 baLadanI joDIthI haMkArAtA rathamAM rASTrapitA mahAtmA gAMdhIjInI bhavya pratimA sthApita karI lokoe je bhavya saraghasa kADhyuM ane ghera ghera toraNo bAMdhI lApasIo rAMdhI, e mAMDalanA itihAsamAM avismaraNIya rahevA sarjAyelo eka adbhuta prasaMga hato. Ama I.sa. 1947nA oNgasTanI 15mIe deza AjhAda thatAM mAMDala pradezamAM Aje sIdho bhArata sarakArano amala cAle che. mAMDala Adhunika yugamAM pravezatAM tenI pragatinI daSTie joIe to I.sa. 194ramAM paMcAyata, I.sa. 1958mAM bALakrIDAgaNa ane boTiMga tathA 1960mAM rASTrIya zALAnuM navuM makAna baMdhAvyAM. (zrI mahAtmA gAMdhI vinaya maMdira, mAMDala) 1963mAM nADodA rAjapUta chAtrAlaya, bAlamaMdira, navuM boTiMga tathA 196mAM vIjaLI AvI. 1969mAM saMtazrI rAmAnaMda sarasvatI dhyAnamaMdira temaja 1957mAM madaresAnuM vizALa makAna baMdhAyuM." bAkI AjanA vaijJAnika yugamAM vizvanI doDa sAthe bhautika pragati amuka aMze to thaI che paNa mAnavajIvananI kharI pragati to zrama, sahakAra ane saMpapUrvaka kAma karavAmAM ane e rIte mAnava haiyAmAM dhabakatI bhakti bhAvanA ane premanI lAgaNIone vikasAvavAmAM rahelI che. mAMDalanI kharI mahattA to enI gatizIlatA ane jagatanA pravAho sAthe doDavAnI ane nitya parivartana pAmatA saMsArane anurUpa jIvana goThavavAnI enI AvaDatamAM che. mAMDalanI prajAmAM je kaMI prANazakti che, tejasvitA che, thanaganATa che enI pAchaLa enI A ja viziSTa prakRti kAma karI rahI che. ethI kyAreka zarU zarUmAM niSphaLatA maLavA chatAM dareka krAMtino maMgala ghoSa prathama ahIMthI ja UThato rahyo che. mAMDala vize aMtamAM A paMkti dvArA A lekha samApta karuM chuM "aNi mAMDavya RSinI che tapobhUmi, vanarAja cAvaDAnI vIrabhUmi, mULarAja solaMkInI che dharmabhUmi, vastupALa-tejapALanI che janmabhUmi, paMDita sukhalAlajI, paMDita becaradAsajI, mAgadhI koSakAra paMDita haragovindadAsajI, zrI nyAyavijaya, zrI zAMti prasArajI mahArAjanI che jJAnabhUmi, zrI rAmAnaMda sarasvatI svAmInI che karmabhUmi, gAMdhIyuganI che satyAgraha bhUmi, navayuganI che preraNAbhUmi, mAMDalajanonI che puNyabhUmi." pathika saimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 p 26 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pAdaTIpa 1. mAMDala grAma paMcAyatano ahevAla, 1962 thI 1967, pR. 4 2. zAstrI du.ke, gujarAtano madhyakAlIna rAjapUta ItihAsa', bhAga-1, gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTI, 1937, pR. 2 3. zAha ratilAla maphAbhAI, "makhavANAno itihAsa', bhAga 1, mAMDala, 1968, pR. 30 4. zAstrI girajAzaMkara mayAzaMkara (bhASAMtarakartA), padmapurANa', sastuM sAhitya, amadAvAda, 1986, pR. 506 5. mAMDala grAma paMcAyata ahevAla, uparokta, pR. 5 6. vidyAlaMkAra satyaketu, "maurya sAmrAjya kA itihAsa', zrI sarasvatI sadana, masUrI 1971, pR. 502 7. zAha ratilAla maphAbhAI, uparokta, pR. 32 C. Elliot & Dowson, History of India as told by its own Historians, Vol. 1, London, 1876, p. 125 9. zAha ratilAla maphAbhAI, 'vanarAja cAvaDo', mAMDala, 1970, pR. 20, vadhu vigata mATe merUtuMgAcArya, prabaMdhacintAmaNi', zAMtiniketana, 1933, pR. 118 10. zAstrI du.ke., uparokta, pR. 49 11. parIkha 2. cho. ane zAstrI ha.gaM, "gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa', graMtha 4, zeTha . bho.je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda 1970, pR 12. zAha ratilAla maphAbhAI, uparokta, pR. 35 13, rAvala padubhAI, khaMbhalAya maMdiranA pujArInI mulAkAtane AdhAre. 14. parIkha 2,cho. ane zAstrI ha.gaM, uparokta, pR. 40 15. zAha ratilAla maphAbhAI, uparokta, pU. 40, 9EUR. Elliot & Dowson, op.cit, p. 205 17. mAMDala grAma-paMcAyata ahevAla uparokta, pU. 10 al. Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Vol. 1, Part 1, History of Gujarat, Bombay Government Central Press, Bombay, 1896, p. 308 19, anuvAda (gujarAtI) nAyaka ra.cho. (nadavI maulAnA saiyada abudajhaphara - (gujarAtanI tamadUnI tArIkha), "gujarAtano itihAsa' bhAga 2, amadAvAda, 1941, pR. 60 20. jhAlA balavaMtasiMha ma., 'jhiMjhuvADA jhAlAvaMzano itihAsa, jhAlA samAja jhiMjhuvADA, 1993, pR. 30 29. Misra S.C. & Rheman R.L., The Mirat I, Sikandari 4, The M.S.Uni., Baroda, 1961, p. 145 22. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. II, 1983, p. 28 23. Diskalkar D.B., Insciptions of Kathiawad, Bombay, 1938-41, p. 67 24. zAha ratilAla maphAbhAI, uparokta, pR. 42 25. parIkha ra.cho. ane zAstrI ha.gaM, "gujarAtanA rAjakIya sAMskRtika itihAsa bhAga 5, zeTha bho.je.a.saM. - vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda, 1977, pR. 172 26. zAha ratilAla maphAbhAI, uparokta, pR. 44 27. parIkha 2, cho. ane zAstrI ha. gaM., uparokta, pR. 173 28. ejana, pR. 174 pathika saimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 n 27. For Private and Personal Use Only

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29. zAha ratilAla maphAbhAI, uparokta, pR. 46 30. Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Vol. IV, Bombay Government Central Press, Bombay, 1879, p. 345. 31. parIkha puruSottama lallubhAI, kaNabI khatriya utpatti ane itihAsa', viramagAma, 1912 pR. 96 32. desAI prabhAtabhAI maphAbhAI, "pATaDI darzana', pATaDI baMdhusamAja, amadAvAda, 1986, pR. 32 33. parIkha puruSottama lallubhAI, uparokta, pR. 99 38. Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Vol. 1, Part 1, History of Gujarat, Bombay Government Central Press, Bombay, 1896, p. 339 35. zAha ratilAla maphAbhAI, uparokta, pR.47 36. dIvAna bahAdura raNachoDabhAI udayarAma, rAsamAlA, bhAga 2, phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA, muMbaI, 1927, mR. 106 37. desAI prabhAtabhAI maphAbhAI, uparokta, pR. 38 * 38. DaoN. paTela maMgubhAI Ara., "kaNabI kSatriya utpatti kA itihAsa', pATIdAra saMzodhana ora prakAzana TrasTa, 1991, pR. 60 39. zAha ratilAla maphAbhAI, uparokta, pR. 47 40. zAha ratilAla maphAbhAI, "makhavANAno itihAsa' bhAga 2, mAMDala, 1970, pR. 18 41. mAMDala grAma-paMcAyatano ahevAla, uparokta, pR. 10 42. zAha ratilAla maphAbhAI, uparokta, pR. 24 43. ejana, pR. 46 44, lAyansa klaba mAMDala ahevAla, 1995-96, pR. 9. . pathika saimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 ] 28 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhAratIya saMskRti ane itihAsamAM saMskRtanuM mahattva DaoN. ravIndra vi. khAMDavAlA* saMskRta pratye nisaMdeha eka cira-sammAnita bhAva rahyo che. kAraNa ke tene vizvanI prAcInatama bhASA ane AdhyAtmika jJAna tathA vijJAnano bhaMDAra mAnavAmAM Ave che. AthI saMskRtane zraddhAnI dRSTie jovAmAM Ave che. Adhunika yugamAM je aitihAsika ane AlocanAtmaka adhyayana tathA mUlyAMkano thaI rahyA che tenAthI A AsthA vadhu dRDha banatI jAya che. saMskRta e to sabhyatAnI mukhya bhASAomAMnI eka che. tenI tulanAmAM vizvanI bahu ochI evI mahAna bhASAo sabhyatAnI bhASAo che - jemake, grIka-leTina, cInI, arabI ke je Aje paNa prabhAvazALI che. saMskRta bhASA mAnavajAtinI ane khAsa karIne to bhAratanI poSaka bhASArUpe khUba mahattvapUrNa che. eka tarapha te zabdo ane sUktiono bhaMDAra pradAna kare che ke jenAthI aneka Adhunika loko ke jemanI bhASA sazakta nathI temanI AtmAbhivyakti mATe ati Avazyaka che, to bIjI bAju saMskRta sAhitya tarapha joIe to te mAnasika ane AdhyAtmika jJAnano bhaMDAra che. cheka vaidikakALathI Aja sudhI cAra hajAra varSothI bhAratIya sabhyatAnI abhivyaktinuM mAdhyama saMskRta bhASA ja rahI che. pratyeka zatAbdIe bhAratamAM sabhyatAno vikAsa thato rahyo che. Aje ApaNane saMskRta bhASA vibhinna avasthAo ane svarUpomAM prApta thAya che jema ke, 1. vaidika saMskRta ke je saMhitAonI bhASA che. 2. brAhmaNo ane upaniSadonI saMskRta. 3. mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa ane purANonI adhika lokapriya saMskRta. 4. pANini, kAtyAyana ane pataMjalinI saMkalpanA anurUpa racAyelI pAMDitya vicAradhArAvALI ane viziSTa zikSita varganI saMskRta. 5. bauddhonI mizrita saMskRta. da, arthazAstra, kAmazAstra, nATyazAstra, Ayurveda ane jayotiSanuM vyAvahArika tathA vaijJAnika lekhananI saMskRta 7. navA vikasita lalita sAhityanA nATako ane kAvyonI saraLa saMskRta bhASA. 8. pariSkRta kAvyo ane gadha AkhyAnonI AlaMkArika saMskRta 9. saraLa zailInuM saMskRta jema ke paMcataMtra ane hitopadezanI nIti kathAo 10. varNanAtmaka kAvyo ane anekAneka subhASitonI bhASA ke je haMmezA sAmAnya mANasanI jIbhe ramatAM rahyAM che. 11. A uparAMta prAcIna bhAratIya bhASAo jevI ke, pAli, prAkRta tathA apabhraMza sAhityanuM svarUpa paNa jo samajavuM hoya to saMskRtanA mULa saMdarbha vinA samajI zakavuM azakya che. Ama, kevaLa kadamAM ja nahIM paraMtu prAcIna tathA madhyakAlIna bhAratIya sAhityano bahu moTo bhAga A * adhyApaka, saMskRta vibhAga, zrI eca.ke.ArTsa koleja, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda. pathika saimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 p 29 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhASA ane tenA vibhinna svarUpomAM racAyo che. kahevAnuM tAtparya e che ke bhAratanA loko ane bhAratIya sabhyatAno janma saMskRtamAMthI ja thayo che. saMskRtano vikAsa bhAratavAsIonA aitihAsika ane sAMskRtika vikAsanI sAthe-sAthe saMkaLAyelo ja che. bhAratIya mAnasanA sarvocca vicAro ane saMskRtinI abhivyaktinuM mAdhyama saMskRta bhASA banI che. Aje to te ApaNA dezanI ja nahIM paNa samagra vizvanI utkRSTa dharohara che. bhAratanI rAjabhASA evI saMskRta vize DaoN. AMbeDakaranA vicAro : 1949nI sapTembaranA "dha sane hindustAna sTAnDarDa nAmanA dilhIthI prakAzita samAcAra-patramAM je mudrita thayuM che tenI para sau prathama eka najara nAMkhIe. temAM lakhyuM che : Sanskrit As Official Language of Indian Union Beld Guled4 nur 21864141 3U saMskRta. AgaLa jaNAvyuM che ke - baMdhAraNanI dhArAomAM saMzodhana ane temAM sahI karanArAomAM eka cheAMbeDakara. A mathALA heThaLanA samAcAranI aMdaranI vigatamAM lakhyuM che ke "India's law Minister Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is among those who have sponsored Sanskrit as the official language of the Indian Union. One of his supporters is Dr. B.V.Kesuar, India's Deputy Minister for External Affairs, another Mr. Naziruddin Ahmad." Bull alud Ezrulan yrial National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) dvArA prakAzita eka pustikAmAM che. temAM je pramANabhUta mAhitI ApI che te pramANe DaoN. AMbeDakara icchatA hatA ke saMskRtane bhAratanI rAjabhASA banAvavA mATe saMsadamAM prastAva pasAra thAya ane tene sarvAnumati prApta thAya. jo ke teno ghaNo virodha thayo ane te zakya na banyuM. jenuM duHkha vyakta karatAM DaoN. AMbeDakare jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "yaha mAnya tathya hai ki saMskRta satra te vaijJAnika bhASA che | yada mI parva mAnya tathyo hai ki yaha prAcInatama bhASA hai jisakA vyAkaraNa atyadhika zuddha hai / yadi saMskRta ko Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAo meM sammilita kara liyA jAtA hai to sadAzaya vyakti isakI sarAhanA kareMge / saMskRta ko svataMtra bhArata kI rASTrabhASA bana diyA jAnA cAhiye / " NCERT dilhInAM nirdezaka zrI jagamohanasiMha rAjapUta saMskRta ane bhAratIya saMskRtine ekabIjAnA abhinna aMga tarIke jotAM hoya tema lAge che. teo lakhe che ke - koI paNa rASTranA sAMskRtika jIvanane dekhItI rIte be TakaDAomAM vibhAjita na karI zakAya. bhAratanI mahAna sAMskRtika paraMparA rahI che. jene samaye samaye sahAyaka pravAhoe samRddha banAvI che ane eka jIvanta niraMtaratA rUpe haju vahI rahI che. purAtana samayathI A cirakAlIna pravAhanI vANI saMskRti rahI che. jo ke bhAratamAM aneka bhASAo janmI tathA aneka dUranAM sthaLonI ahIM sudhI pahoMcI : samakAlIna samayamAM bolAtI tathA prayojAtI badhI bhASAomAM saMskRtanuM eka vizeSa sthAna che kAraNa ke te bhAratIya mAnasanI haMmezA nikaTa rahelI che jenA purAvAo aneka rIte ApI zakAya ema che. bAbA sAheba bhImarAva AMbeDakaranuM maMtavya pAMcamA dazakamAM sarakAra dvArA sthApita saMskRta Ayogano riporTa tathA bhAratanA suprIma korTanA cukAdAoe saMskRtano jayaghoSa karyo che ane saMskRta-zikSaNanA pakSamAM temanA sazakta vicAro bhAratIya saMskRtinA srota tarIke saMskRta bhASAne potAnuM anumodana Ape che ane navAje che. tethI ja bhAratanA zikSaNazAstrIo jevA ke DaoN. rAdhAkRSNanuM, jAkIra husaina, DI.esa.koThArI badhAe saMskRtanA adhyayana-adhyApananuM samarthana karyuM ja che. sara viliyama jonsa 178mAM pazcimanA dezomAM evI ghoSaNA karI hatI ke "grIkathI vadhu pUrNa, pathika trimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 u 30 For Private and Personal Use Only

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leTinathI vadhu vyApaka tathA A baMne bhASAothI vadhu pariSkRta saMskRtabhASAnI saMracanA adabhuta che. hindu sAhityanA samucita bhAgathI paricita thavA mATe eka jIvana pUratuM nathI.' ahIM temaNe kevaLa bhArata pUrato ja nahIM paNa samagra vizvane mATe saMskRtanA mahattva tarapha saMketa karyo che. - sara mirjA ismAIla to eTale sudhI kahe che ke, "Hi saMskRti che teza ke nanasAdhAraNa ke pratidina ke jIvana se alaga kara diyA jAye to unake jIvana se prakAza lupta ho jAyegA tathA hindU saMskRti ke jina viziSTa guNoM ne use vizva-cintana meM pratiSThita kiyA hai una para duSprabhAva paDegA jisase bhArata aura vizva donoM che kSati nI " saMskRta bhASA ane bhArata(rASTrIya)dezanAM Adarza vAkyo : - Aje saMskRta bhAratanI rASTrIya cetanAmAM TocanA sthAne birAje che. 1. "inDiyAnA saMskRta nAma "bhAratane sarakArI mAnyatA prApta thayelI che. 2. bhAratadezanuM Adarza vAkya "satyameva jayate' upaniSadomAMthI lIdheluM uddharaNa che. 3. ravIndranAtha TAgora dvArA racAyeluM rASTrIyagAna "nanA mana'nI bhASA 90 % saMskRta che ane 10 % saMskRta mUlaka che. chatAM samasta bhAratavAsIo tene khUba sahajatA ane saraLatAthI samajI le che ane gAya che. 4. bhArata sarakAre "zrI' ane 'zrImatI' e baMne saMbodhanano rAjakIya rUpamAM svIkAra karyo che. 5. lokasabhAnuM Adarza vAkya che - ghavajha pravartAya ! 6. AkAzavANIno nirdezaka siddhAMta ane Adarza vAkya saMskRtinuM ja kathana che - "vahunane suvIya' | 7. jIvana vImA nigamanuM Adarza vAkya yogakSemaM vahAgraha' e zrImadbhagavadgItAnuM uddharaNa che jeno artha che - "huM sulabha prApti ane surakSAnuM dAyitva lauM chuM." 8. bhAratIya nausenAnuM Adarza sUtravAkya che- "no vaphaT:' e eka vaidika prArthanA che. ' 9. bhAratanI videza-nItino mUla-siddhAntasUcaka zabda "paMcazana' saMskRtano zabda che. 10. bhAratanA sarvocca nyAyAlayanuM Adarza vAkya che - "yato dharmastato gaya: | 16. dUradarzane paNa tenuM AdarzavAkya svIkAryuM che - "zivaM su ' | 22. bhAratIya zrama maMtrAlayanuM Adarza vAkya che - zrama ava nayate | 23. bhAratIya vAyusenAe tenuM Adarza vAkya rAkhyuM che - ": kRza tam' . 24. bhArata dUrasaMcAra vibhAga potAnI kAryazailI darzAvavA Adarza vAkya rAkhyuM che - barniza sevAmade | bhArata sarakAre 1957mAM saMskRta viSayanA saMdarbhe eka "saMskRta AyoganI racanA karI hatI. temAM saMskRta Ayoge je saMzodhano karyA teno vigatavAra ahevAla taiyAra karavAmAM Avyo. A ahevAlanuM cothuM prakaraNa khUba mahattvanuM che. temAM saMskRta bhASAne rASTrIya AtmacetanAnI navajAgRti mATe sabaLa mAdhyama tarIke darzAvAI che. ahIM saMskRtane bhAratanI mahAnatama sAMskRtika virAsata rUpe aneka pramANabhUta purAvAo sAthe rajU karAI che. temAM saMskRta viSaya saMdarbhe 5. javAharalAla naherue karelA vidhAno khUba ullekhanIya che. zrI naherue jaNAvyuM hatuM ke, "dri mulla bhArata vize mahInatama nidhi gaura sarvotkRSTa virAsata viSaya zai pUchI lAve to mai ni:saMva rUpa se kaha sakatA hU~ - saMskRta bhASA aura sAhitya tathA usase saMbaMdhita sArA vAGmaya eka dharohara hai aura pathika raimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 u 31 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jaba taka rahegI aura hamAre jIvana ko prabhAvita karatI rahegI taba taka bhArata kI AdhArabhUta viziSTatA bhI banI rI | saMskRta AyoganA riporTamAM khAsa eka vAta noMdhAI che ke pazcimI rASTro ane bhAratIya vidvAno ane vidyArthIo paNa bhAratanA dArzanika vicAro ane bhautika vijJAnamAM teNe sadIo pUrve karelA vikAsathI ajANa che. ahIM bhArapUrvaka eka vAta noMdhI che ke jo svataMtra bhAratamAM saMskRtanuM pUrNa ane mukta adhyayana karavA ane karAvavAmAM Ave to ApaNane dArzanika vicAro ane vijJAnanA kSetramAM bhAratanA pariNAmakArI yogadAna vize khabara paDe, rasAyaNazAstra ane gaNitanA itihAsane pUrNarUpe samajavA mATe saMskRta granthomAM varNavAyelI vigatothI bhAratIya chabI vikasaze emAM koI zaMkA nathI. tarkazAstra, rAjayazAstra ke sAhityika AlocanA vize paNa A ja vAta lAgu paDe che. satyamidam - 'bhAratasya pratiSThe dve saMskRtaM caiva saMskRtiH / ' kharekhara saMskRta vinA bhAratIya saMskRti zrIhIna arthAta saundaryavinAnI banI jAya. vaidika samayathI saMskRta bhAratIyonA jIvananA utkarSa mATe prayatnazIla rahI che. vaizvika bhAvanAonI samanvayAtmika kRti eTale saMskRti. ApaNAM vedo e vizvasaMskRtinA Adi granyo che e ApaNe jANIe ja chIe. yajurvedamAM paNa A saMdarbhe ullekha maLe che ke - "kSA prathama saMskRtivazvavAra |' (u.24) mAnavInA samunnatajIvanano paryAya eTale saMskRti ema paNa kahevAyuM che. ane e samunnata jIvananI prApti mAtra saMskRta ja prApta karAvI zakavA samartha che. SoDaza saMskAromAM gaNAvelI badhI ja kriyAo mAnavInA sakala AcAro ane vicArone pariSkRta kare ja che. saMskRta ja sarva manuSyone samanvayanI bhAvanAthI, sadAcArathI, sacitanathI, satkarmathI, savyavahArathI sadbhASA vaDe ane sArA vicAro vaDe saMpanna banAvI zakavA sakSama che. eka tarapha vizvanI anya saMskRtiomAM vibhinnatA ane vailakSaNya jovA maLe che tathA bhautika tattvothI baMdhAyelI jovA maLe che tyAre bhAratIya saMskRti ja te badhAne tyAgapUrvaka upabhoga karavAnuM sUcana kare che. izAvAsyopaniSaddano prathama satra ja A tarapha dizAsUcana kare che ke . 'tene cattena munnIthA: ma pRtha: svit ina ' atharvavedamAM mAtra bhAratIya saMskRtinI ja nahIM paNa vizvasaMskRtinI ekatA mATenA saMdezano samuddoSa thayo che tyAM pRthvI sUktamAM RSi kahe che- "mAtA pUmi: putroga6 pRthA : ' AvA uttama ane udAtta vicAro bhAratIya saMskRtinA srota evI saMskRta bhASAmAM nibaddha thayA che. ApaNI bhAratIya saMskRtinI mahAmUlI mUDI evI A saMskRta bhASAnuM mahattva yuropanA dezonA vidvAnoe pArakhI lIdhuM che. tethI ja jenuM sArvabhaumamUlya che evI A bhASA yuropanA vizvavidyAlayomAM bhaNAvavAmAM Ave che. tyAMnA vidvAnoe tyAMnI bhASAnI sAthe A devavANInA adhyayanane paNa anivArya mAnI che. kAraNa ke temanA mate samasta Arya bhASAomAM prAcInatama ane vizvavyApta tathA sakalakalyANamayI evI A saMskRta bhASA che. phrAMsa, jarmanI, iTAlI, rasa, inDoneziyA, jApAna vagere dezomAM paNa saMskRtanuM adhyayana-adhyApana paraMparA sudaDha rIte cAle che. kAraNa ke A bhASA badhA ja prakAranA jJAna-vijJAnano ananta ane amUlya srota che. pathika tramAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 32 For Private and Personal Use Only

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svAmI dayAnaMda sarasvatI : samAja parivartananA mazAlacI DaoN. maheza ema. trivedI svAmI dayAnaMda sarasvatIno janma I.sa. 1824mAM saurASTranA morabI rAjayanA nAnakaDA gAma TaMkArA mukAme thayo hato. temanuM pUruM nAma mULazaMkara karazanajI travADI (trivedI) hatuM. ucca audicya sahastra brAhmaNa jJAtimAM janmela mULazaMkaranuM kuTuMba custa sanAtanI. pitA rAjayanA vahIvaTadAra eTale domadoma sAhacabI ane dhArmika kriyAkAMDonI vacce mULazaMkarano uchera thayo. mULazaMkara janmathI ja vicitra prakArano bALaka hato, eno aNasAra emanA rojiMdA kAryathI kuTuMbane hato ja. eno kharo paraco maLyo, mahAzivarAtrInI rAtre. I.sa. 1837mAM cauda varSano mULazaMkara kuTuMbanI icchA anusAra zivarAtrInuM vrata rAkhI maMdiranI pUjAvidhimAM beTho hato. e vakhate eka uMdara kUdAkUda karI zivaliMga paranA naivedyano svAda cAkhI rahyo hato. mULazaMkarane e vakhate mahAdevanI pUjA e naryo daMbha ane pAkhaMDa lAgI. paththaronA deva, pUjApATha, anuSThAna, yajJayAgAdi vageremAMthI emanI zraddhA UThI gaI. e pachI mULazaMkara potAnA vaDIlone vAraMvAra vicitra prakAranA prazno pUchavA karato. kAkA ane nAnI bahenanA mRtyu samaye emanI AMkhamAMthI ekAda AMsuya na saryuM tyAre pitAne mULazaMkara "ADe mArge jaI rahyo che tema lAgyuM tethI temanAM lagna karI saMsAranI paLojaNamAM nAkhavAnuM vicAryuM. paraMtu mULazaMkarane zivarAtrInA divase je jJAna lAdhyuM hatuM e mArge te AgaLa vadhavA mAgato hato. tethI I.sa. 1846mAM 22 varSanI uMmare emaNe gRhatyAga karI satyanI zodhamAM paribhramaNa AraMvyuM. 'dayAnaMda' nAma dhAraNa karI sAcA jJAnanA prakAzanI zodha AraMbhI. uttara bhAratamAM bhramaNa karatAM eka vAra thAkI hArIne hatAza hRdaye AtmahatyA karavAno prayAsa paNa karI joyo. paraMtu jIvana e IzvarI dena che. tene veDaphavA karatAM sanmArge vALavAne punaH prayAsa karI lokonI vacce rojiMdA jIvanamAMthI bodhapATha laI AtmavizvAsa sAthe AgaLa vadhyA. I.sa. 1865mAM e haridvAranA kuMbhameLAmAM gayA tyAre aMdhazraddhA, vahema, dhArmika kriyAkAMDo ane pAkhaMDagrasta lokone joIne te samasamI UThyA. dharmanA nAme AcarAto daMbha emane dajhADI gayo, jeNe pAchaLathI emane kuMbhameLAmAM ekale hAthe pAkhaMDa khaMDana karavA preryA. aneka sAdhu-saMto, maThAdhIzo ane dhArmika pAkhaMDI netAothI UbharAtA A kuMbhameLAmAM ekale hAthe jhajhUmyA. lokone A aMdhazraddhAmAMthI mukta thavA ane ADaMbara tyAgavA samajAvyA. dayAnaMde vedono UMDo abhyAsa karI temAMthI vizva samAja'nuM pageruM zodhI kADhayuM. temaNe lokone veda tarapha pAchA vaLavA upadeza Apyo. kuMbhameLAnA ekalavIra vijayI dayAnaMda have lokone pAkhaMDa ane vahemajavarathI ugAravA mATe samagra dezamAM paribhramaNa karavA lAgyA. aneka hiMdu paMDitone emaNe zAstrArtha mATe paDakAryA - harAvyA. eka vAra gvAliyaranA eka vaiSNava AcAryane emaNe prazna karelo ke "lamaNe (kapALa) dhoLo TIlo tANyAthI svarge javAtuM hoya to pachI Akho cahero ja saphedA bharapUra kAM na karavo? Ama karavAthI svargathI paNa UMcerA ane adbhuta koka lokamAM avazya pahoMcI javAze." dayAnaMda koI eka varga ke saMpradAyane upadeza ApatA nahotA. samAjanA tamAma staranA loko sAthe te haLatA-maLatA. eka harijananI "roTI' emaNe khAdhI tyAre emanI TIkA karanArane emaNe copaDAvyuM ke, "koNe kIdhuM ke meM harijananI roTI khAdhI che? meM to ghauMnI roTalI khAdhI che." "dayAnaMda harijanavAsamAM rahe che eTale bhraSTa gaNAya" ema kahIne zAstrArtha TALanAra eka paMDitane emaNe kaheluM ke, "huM to harijanavAsamAM beTho chuM paNa tame to bhAI ! A maleccho(aMgrejo)nA rAjamAM rahe cho tenuM zuM? videzIonA * zrImatI lakSmIbahena ane zrI cimanalAla mahetA ArTsa kaoNleja, elisabrija, amadAvAda-380006 pathika saimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 u 33 For Private and Personal Use Only

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www.kobaur Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - paradezIonA prabhutva nIce rahIne abhaDAI jatA nathI ?" A sAdhu-bAvalAMonAM ToLAM dezamAM nirarthaka upadrava karatAM ghUmI rahyAM che. A upadravI lokone mahenata-majUrInA kAmamAM jotaravA joIe." ema kahenAra dayAnaMda mAtra dhArmika upadezaka ja nahotA, paNa briTiza tAjanA-rAjanA paNa prakhara TIkAkAra ane hindutvavAdI hatA. "svadezI' ane 'svarAjaya" e be maMtro sau prathama emaNe dezane ApelA ane tethI to lokamAnya TiLaka A "svarAjaya' zabdano upayoga karI svarAjaya ane svadezIno pracAra karI tenA saMdezAvAhaka banyA. - vArANasI (kAzI), gvAliyara, mathurA jayAM jayAM dayAnaMda gayA tyAM tyAM loko para temanA nUtana vicAronI jabarI asara thaI. I.sa. 1872mAM teo baMgALA paNa gayA. baMgALAnA samAjasudhArako sAthe vicAravimarza karyo. potAnA vahAlasoyA bALakanA matadeha uparathI kaphana kADhI letI mAtAne joIne emane bhAratanA lokonI nirdhanatA ane garIbInuM pratyakSa jJAna ane bhAna thayuM. tyAra bAda temaNe bIjAM kapaDAMno tyAga karI mAtra eka laMgoTI (kaupIna) ja paheravAnuM zarU karyuM hatuM. paraMtu baMgALAnI mulAkAta ane khAsa karIne kezavacaMdra sena jevA samAjasudhArakanI vinaMtIthI temaNe "sAdhuno veza dhAraNa karyo hato. uparAMta loko sudhI potAnA vicAro pahoMcADavA mATe saMskRtane badale dezI-gAmaThI (taLapadI bhASAno upayoga karavAnuM paNa svIkAryuM. I.sa. 1875mAM (AryasamAjanI sthApanAnA varSamAM ja potAnA vicArone vyakta karato krAMtino mahAgraMtha 'satyArtha prakAza' pragaTa karyo. emAM emaNe darzAvyuM che ke, "vedomAM kyAMya mUrtipUjA, kriyAkAMDa, satIprathA, bALalagna ke aspRzyatAno ullekha nathI. strIo paNa puruSonI mAphaka vedono abhyAsa karI zake ane temane paNa keLavaNIno haka che." I.sa. 1874mAM kalakattAnI mulAkAta bAda muMbaI gayA, jayAM pote gujarAtIkAThiyAvADI hovAnI sau prathama vAra jAherAta karI. tyAra bAda vIra narmadanA nimaMtraNane mAna ApI surata ane pachI gujarAtanAM anya nagaro jevAM ke bharUca, amadAvAda ane rAjakoTa gayA. potAnA kArya ane vicArone saMsthAgata rUpa ApavA mATe rAjakoTamAM AryasamAjanI sthApanA karI, paraMtu sthAnika sukAnIonI bahAdurI ane naitika hiMmatanA abhAve tathA aMgrejonI dhAkadhamakIthI A saMsthAnuM bALamaraNa thayuM. tyAra bAda I.sa. 187panA eprila mAsamAM pharI muMbaI mukAme "Arya samAjanI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI hatI. Arya samAjanI racanA pachI emaNe pharI paribhramaNa AdaryuM. uttara bhAratamAM lAhora mukAme AryasamAjanI zAkhA sthapAI. paNa rAjasthAnamAM emane jAkAro maLyo, chatAM emaNe A kAma jArI rAkhyuM. temAMthI AdivAsI yuvAna nAme goviMda maLyo, je emano ziSya banyo ne emanuM kAma hAthamAM lIdhuM, je pAchaLathI "goviMda gurunA nAme jANIto banyo. hindIne rASTrabhASA gaNavAnuM ne paradezI cIjano bahiSkAra karavAnuM temaNe kaheluM. dayAnaMda sAMpradAyika ke saMkIrNa vicArasaraNI dharAvatA sudhAraka nahotA. temaNe islAma dharmanA pavitra (pAka) kurAne zarIphano anuvAda karAvIne eno abhyAsa karyo hato. emanA anuyAyIo ane prazaMsakomAM muslimo ane khristIo paNa hatA. samAja parivartananA mazAlacInuM hindu dharmanI kurUDhio ane pAkhaMDa sAmenuM AMdolana berokaToka cAlatuM hatuM, ane janatAno abhUtapUrva sahakAra maLato hato. A bAbata rUDhivAdIone jace kharI ? haragIja nahi. ne tethI ja temanI hatyA karavA mATe khAssA aDhAra-aDhAra vakhata prayAsa thayA. aMte 20mI sapTembara 1883nA roja emane jodhapura mukAme apAyelA kAtila jhera bAda 13mI okTobara 1883ne maMgaLavAranA roja emaNe potAnI ogaNasAITha varSIya jIvanalIlA saMkelI lIdhI, AryasamAjI zrI narendra davenA ('saurASTranA siMha' tarIke jANItA polIsa aphasara chelabhAI davenA putra) zabdomAM, "emanuM mRtyu e rUDha arthamAM zahIdI paNa na hatI. pathika tramAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 u 34 For Private and Personal Use Only

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e tethI vizeSa kAMIka hatuM." dayAnaMda sarasvatInuM mUlyAMkana karatAM AryasamAjIsTa narendra dave vadhumAM jaNAve che ke, "dayAnaMda e rAjA rAmamohanarAyathI laIne cheka vivekAnaMda sudhInI sudhArakonI zreNInA mahApuruSa hatA. dayAnaMda krAMtikArI sAthe yugapravartaka samAjasudhAraka hatA. itihAsakAro dayAnaMdanuM mAtra eka prakAranA sudhAraka tarIke mUlyAMkana kare che te adhUruM ane chIcharuM che. svAmI dayAnaMde sthApelI AryasamAjanI saMsthAnI aneka zAkhAo Aje samagra dezamAM kAryarata che. A tabakke dayAnaMde potAnAM vicAro ane lakhANonA rakSaNArthe racelI "paropakArI sabhA'nI noMdha paNa levI joIe. AryasamAje IzvaranI upAsanA, kanyAkeLavaNI, bALalagna sAme pratibaMdha, vidhavAvivAha, dahejanAbUdI, dalitoddhAra, jevAM aneka prasaMzanIya kAryane lagatI pravRttio AraMbhI che. A pravRttionA saMkalana arthe dayAnaMda prerita prAcIna paraMparA anusAranAM gurukulo, kanyAzALAo, vidhavAgRho, anAthAzramo, rugNAlayo vagerenuM suMdara Ayojana jovA maLe che. haradvAra pAse AveluM prasiddha "kAMgaDI gurukula' pazcimanI ane prAcIna vaidika paddhatie zikSaNa ApatuM eka suvikhyAta gurukula che. I.sa. 188mAM lAhoramAM "dayAnaMda eMglo vaidika kolejanI sthApanA thaI hatI. A paNa AryasamAjanI eka deNagI gaNAvI zakAya. gujarAtamAM bhAvanagara pAse sonagaDhamAM, tema ja porabaMdaramAM paNa AvAM gurukuLonI sthApanA krAMtivIra - krAMtiguru dayAnaMdajIe karI hatI. .sa. 1883mAM svAmI dayAnaMdanA nirvANa bAda AryasamAjanI pravRttione vikasAvavAmAM lAlA lAjapatarAya, lAlA haMsarAja ane paMDita gurudattanI sevAo noMdhapAtra gaNAvI zakAya. AryasamAjanI sthApanA ke racanA pUrve I.sa. 1814mAM rAjA rAmamohanarAya sthApita brahmosamAja (jUnuM nAma AtmIya sabhA) temaja I.sa. 1867mAM nyAyamUrti rAnaDe, bhAMDArakara, pAMDuraMga (mahArASTrIyana tripuTI) sthApita prArthanAsamAja moTe bhAge pAzcAtya saMskRtithI prerita thayelI ane naryA buddhijIvI varga pUratI sImita saMsthA hatI. jayAre AryasamAje Ama janatAnA vizALa samudAyane potAnI pravRttimAM sAmela karI lokacAhanA prApta karI hatI. AryasamAjanI pravRttionuM mukhya kendra paMjAba ane uttara pradeza rahyuM hatuM. Aje svAmI agniveza jevA AryasamAjI "saMgharSa jArI rahegA' dvArA zoSaNa sAme je avirata saMgharSa khelI rahyA che te prasaMzanIya che. prArthanAsamAja ane brahmosamAja karatAM janahadayamAM AryasamAja ane tenI pravRttioe mahatta sthAna prApta karyuM che. maharSi dayAnaMdajIne aMjali ApatAM mahAtmAjIe kaheluM ke, "huM bhAratamAM jyAM jayAM gamana karuM chuM tyAM tyAM maharSi dayAnaMdanA vakhatamAM je pAkhaMDa vahema ane aMdhazraddhA hatAM, te Aje paNa eka yA bIjA svarUpe akabaMdha dayAnaMdanAM adhUrAM kAryone pUrNa karavAM ApaNe prayatnazIla banIe te ja krAMtigurune kharI-sAcI aMjali ApelI gaNAze. pathika vaimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 35 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zrImatI kamalAdevI caTTopAdhyAya eka pratibaddha vyaktitva prA. manubhAI bI. zAha* kamalAdevInuM pUrvajIvana : ka.de no janma 1903mAM dakSiNamAM karNATaka rAjyamAM AvelA meMglora zaheramAM thayo hato. temaNe meMgloranI ketholika skUlamAM zarUAtanuM zikSaNa lIdhuM hatuM. tyAra bAda teo senTa merI kolejamAM praveza meLavIne snAtaka thayAM. ucca zikSaNa meLavavA teo laMDana skUla oNpha IkonomikasamAM joDAyA ane tyAM temaNe potAnI tejasvitA puravAra karI. temanAM lagna nAnI uMmare thayAM hatAM. kamanasIbe teo nAnI uMmare ja vidhavA thaI gayAM. teo jJAtijAtinA rUDhicusta mALakhAnAM sakhata virodhI hatAM ane temane jJAti saMsthAnAM baMdhano tarapha zarUAtathI ja napharata hatI. bALavidhavA banyA pachI rUDhicustatAne phagAvI devA teoe sarojinI nAyaDanA bhAI DaoN. harindranAtha caTTopAdhyAya sAthe AMtarajJAtIya, AMtaraprAMtIya punaHlagna karyuM ane AthI temane jJAtinI aneka TIkAono sAmano karavo paDyo, temaja keTalAka pratyAghAto sAme Takkara jhIlavI paDI. bhAratamAM A eka sau prathama mahilA hatI ke jeNe AMtarajJAtIya, AMtaraprAMtIya punaHlagna karavAnI hiMmata karI hatI. temano samakAlIna samaya prabaLa rUDhicusta mALakhAmAM baMdhAyelo hato ane rUDhicustatAnI beDIo eTalI badhI to majabUta hatI ke tenI sAme Takkara jhIlavAnI vAta to bAjue rahI, paraMtu tenI sAme TakavuM paNa muzkela hatuM. punaHlagna karavAnI bAbata e paNa khAMDAnI dhAre cAlavA barAbara" hatI ! ane bALavidhavAothI to punaHlagna na ja thAya eTaluM ja nahIM paraMtu teNe "satiprathA"mAM pharajiyAta bhoga banavuM ja paDe evo e samaya hato. paNa ka.de, e sAmAnya sudhAraNA karIne A baMne baMdhano nIDaratApUrvaka toDI nAkhyAM, tethI temane jJAti bahAra mUkavAmAM AvyAM. te samaye jo koI jJAtinAM rUDhigata baMdhano toDe to tene jJAti-bahiSkAranI sakhata sajA thatI ! temaja tenI sAthe ane tenA samagra kuTuMba sAthe khANIpINI, levaDadevaDa tathA roTIbeTIno vyavahAra koI karI zakatuM nahIM. AvA samayamAM A prakAranI TIkAno sAmano karavo e kharekhara hiMmatapUrvakanuM kArya hatuM. strI-pragatimAM pradAna : zrI ka.de e bALavidhavA punaHlagna karIne samAja samakSa eka preraka ane anukaraNIya dRSTAMta pUruM pADyuM eTaluM ja nahIM paraMtu, samAja-sudhAraNAnA kSetre eka prathama ane virATa pagaluM bharyuM hatuM. teo mAtra potAnuM ja punaHlagna karI besI na rahyA, paraMtu samAjamAM je koI vidhavAo, nAnI vaye chatrachAyA gumAvatI temane mATe paNa, temanAmAM jAgRti Ave tevAM pagalAo bharyA. strI-jAgRti mATenI A temanI zubha zarUAta hatI. potAnA pati sAthe yuropamAM nivAsa daramiyAna ka.de.e. nATya-pravRttimAM rasa dAkhavyo temaja tyAM bhajavAtAM nATako ane nATyagRho, eTale ke raMgabhUmino abhyAsa karyo. temaNe nATya-lekhana ane abhinaya baMnemAM pravINatA meLavyA bAda, hiMdamAM AvyA pachI temaNe sau prathama kalAtmaka nATako taiyAra karyA ane sahakAryakaronA sAtha-sahakArathI raMgamaMca upara bhajavAtAM e nATakomAM temaNe mukhya bhUmikA bhajavI ane eka sArA strI-kalAkAra tarIkenI nAmanA khyAti) meLavI, temanAM nATakonuM viSayavastu moTAbhAge sAmAnya hovAthI pracalita sAmAnya dUSaNo ane kurivAjo upara prakAza pheMkavAnuM, eTale ke Toarch light tarIkenuM kAma karyuM. * pUrva prAdhyApaka, itihAsa vibhAga, bI.DI.ArTsa kaoNleja, amadAvAda, pathika saimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, ra004 u 36 For Private and Personal Use Only

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" temaNe strIomAM jAgRti lAvavA ane temanI dayAjanaka sthiti pratyenI sabhAnatAno AvirbhAva karavA ghaNo parizrama karyo. atyAra sudhI strIone samAjamAM potAnuM zuM sthAna che, zA adhikAro che, kayo darajjo che, vagere aMge koI ja jJAna na hatuM. gharanI cAra dIvAlomAM temanuM pracaMDa vyaktitva samApta thaI jatuM hatuM. pAMjarA jevAM gharomAM te mukhI pratibhAzALI ane sarjaka vyaktitva (multifold & Creative Personality) nAza pAmatuM hatuM. strIone e samayamAM na to koI adhikAro hatA ke na to koI sAmAnya darajajo. te samayamAM strIonI le-veca paNa thatI ane khulleAma kanyAvikrayanI prathA paNa hatI. Ama strIonuM sAcuM sthAna zuM che te samajAvavAmAM temaja temanA sAmAnya, Arthika, rAjakIya adhikAro kayA kayA hoI zake te samajAvavAmAM kamalAdevI caTTopAdhyAyano ghaNo mahattvano phALo gaNI zakAya. strIonA kAryakartAnI keDara taiyAra karavAmAM pradAna : kamalAdevI caTTopAdhyAye strI-saMsthA sthApavAno ane temAM strIone sahabhAgI karavAno vicAra karyo. AthI strInA saMgaThana mATe "nArI saMdha", "strI klaba" vagere saMsthAo sthApI temAM kamalAdevIe mahattvano bhAga bhajavyo. "nArI saMgha" dvArA strIomAM jAgRti lAvavA, sabhAna karavA mATe temaNe strIone TreiniMga ApavA mAMDI, uparAMta temaNe strIonA sudhArA mATenAM aneka kAryo paNa karyA. kamalAdevIe gAMdhIjInI preraNA anusAra strIone gharanI cAra dIvAlomAMthI mukta karI temanuM "gharakUkaDI" bharyuM jIvana samApta karavA ane rASTrIya pravAhamAM joDAvA mATe saghana prayAso karyA. A mATe temaNe strIone pikeTiMga kema karavuM, dekhAvo kaI rIte yojavA, sUtroccAra kaI rIte karavA, jevI aneka bAbatonI pasaMdagInI strIone tAlIma ApI ane te rIte temaNe strIone rASTrIya laDatamAM netRtva mATe taiyAra karI. Ama, gharanI cAra dIvAlonI bahAra nIkaLelI nArIe eka navuM, mukta, svataMtratAthI bharyuM jIvana sau prathama vAra anubhavyuM. temanI A anubhUtie aneka strIone-pachI te zaheramAM vasatI hoya ke gAmaDAmAM, paNa temaNe khUba protsAhana pUruM pADyuM; temaNe taiyAra karelI strI-netAoe rASTrIya jAgRti samAjasevAnuM adbhuta kAma karyuM. bhAratamAM svAtaMtrya laDatamAM pradAna : 1922mAM gAMdhIjInI hAkalathI cUMTaNImAM bhAga laI kamalAdevI rAjakAraNamAM paDyAM. bhAratabharamAM cUMTaNI laDanAra teo prathama mahilA hatAM. temaNe bhAratamAM gAMdhIjInI sAthe rahI svAtaMtrya laDatamAM bhAga laI strIonA vizALa samudAyane laDatamAM bhAga levA mATe apIla karI. ane A e samaya hato ke jayAre bhArata aMgrejonuM gulAma hatuM temaja rUDhicusta mALakhAmAM baMdhAyeluM hatuM. zrI kamalAdevI caTTopAdhyAye amadAvAdanI "yUtha keMgresane saMbodhatAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke, "tame savinaya kAnUnabhaMga karo; pUrNa svarAjayanI pratijJA lo, temaja 26 jAnyu., 1930no divasa prArthanA ane zAsananA virodha tarIkeno Ujavo, temaja samAntara sarakAranI racanA karo - A badhuM game te bhoge karo." 1930nI "savinaya kAnUna bhaMganI laData samaye kamalAdevIe mIThuM pakavavAno Adeza Apyo. ane svadezI kApaDa vAparavAno ja Agraha rAkhyo. A uparAMta videzI kApaDa vecatI dukAno ane dArUnA pIThAM upara pikeTiMga karavAnuM temaNe svIkAryuM. temaNe kAyadAno pratikAra karavAno Adeza Apyo. teo mAnatAM hatAM ke, kAyadAnA bhaMgathI sarakAra avyavasthA ane arAjakatAmAM sapaDAze. chevaTe te aMdarathI ghaNI nabaLI thaI jaze ke tene vidAya karavAnuM saheluM banaze. briTiza sarakAranuM valaNa satyAgrahIo tarapha vadhu ugra hovAthI temaja nyAyAdhIzo aMgrejo taraphI cukAdA ApatA hovAthI nirdoSa nAgariko, moTAbhAge sajA pAmatA. AthI kamalAdevIe briTiza adAlatonI sAme paNa pathika saimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 37 For Private and Personal Use Only

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AMdolana zarU karyuM. aMgrejo ane hiMdI vacce sajAonI bAbatomAM je bhedabhAva rakhAto temaja bhAratIyo upara je sakhata atyAcAro thatA teno temaNe ugra virodha karyo. temaNe muMbaImAM sau prathama mIThuM banAvavAnuM temaja khullA bajAramAM vecavAno AraMbha karyo ane mIThuM vecavAnI jagyA hAIkorTanI sAme rAkhI. mIThAnA kAyadAnA bhaMga badala aMgrejoe kamalAdevIne giraphatAra karyA. temaja TrAyala mATe korTamAM laI javAmAM AvyAM. ka.de.hiMmata na hAryA, UlaTuM A dharapakaDathI temane navuM baLa maLyuM ane rASTrIya laDatamAM pUrA tana-manathI joDAI gayAM. temaNe adAlatamAM paNa mejisTreTane hiMmatapUrvaka potAnI pAsethI mIThuM kharIdavAnuM kahyuM. korTamAM mIThuM vecavAnuM cAlu karyuM. temaNe mejisTreTane paNa potAnA pada uparathI rAjInAmuM ApI satyAgrahamAM joDAI javA mATe AhvAna ApyuM; alabatta mejisTreTe temane 6 mAsanI sajA karI. jAhera jIvananI pravRtti ane sevA-kAryo : zrI kamalAdevI caTTopAdhyAya gAMdhI, naheru, kasturabA gAMdhI, sarojinI nAyaDU vagerenA saMparkamAM AvatAM temaNe paNa teonI jema ja jAhera pravRttiomAM bhAga levAnuM zarU karyuM. temaNe potAnA jIvanakALa daramyAna asahakAranI laDatamAM bhAga levAnuM zakya bane te mATe laMDanamAM potAnA koleja zikSaNane paNa tyajI dIdhuM hatuM; temaja hiMdanA yuvAna vargamAM rASTraprema, rASTrasevAnI bhAvanA vikase te mATe paNa temaNe prayatno karyA hatA. khetIkheDUtonI samasyAomAM paNa UMDo rasa hato. jamIna aMgenA pravartamAna kAyadAo, je kheDUta virodhI hatA teno temaNe virodha karyo hato ane sAmaMtazAhI vyavasthAno aMta lAvavAnA temaNe prayAso karyA hatA. Ama, jAhera jIvananI aneka pravRttimAM joDAIne temaNe yuvAnone jAgRta karyA, preraNA pUrI pADI. "hiMdustAnanA sevAdaLa"nuM punaHsaMgaThana : kamalAdevI caTTopAdhyAya eka agraNI samAjavAdI netA tarIke AgaLa AvyAM hatAM. temaNe "majUra saMghomAM bhAga laI kAmadAronAM AMdolanomAM sakriya bhAga lIdho hato. taduparAMta strIonI caLavaLamAM temaNe AgaLa paDato bhAga lIdho hato. temaja "akhila hiMda mahilA pariSadanAM teo sabhya hatAM. 1927mAM teo pramukha tarIke cUMTAyAM hatAM. A uparAMta "sahakArI saMgha" ane akhila hiMda hastakalA borDa"nA pramukha tarIke rahIne A saMsthAno utkarSa karyo hato. temaNe "vizva hastakalA saMgha'nI kArobArImAM nAyaba pramukha tarIke sakriya bhAga bhajavyo hato. 1929mAM temanA pramukhapade muMbaImAM prAMtIka yuvaka pariSada bharAI hatI. jemAM bhAratIya strIonA sAmAnya sthAna aMge sudhArA lAvanAra vividha kAyadAone temaNe Teko Apyo hato ane bALalagna prathAno virodha karyo hato. temaNe jJAtiprathAno paNa bahiSkAra karyo. vidhavAone punaHlagna karavA mATe prerI hatI. vidyArthI saMgaThananuM saMcAlana : zrI kamalAdevI caTTopAdhyAya ApaNe jANIe chIe tema sa.zo.nAM vidyArthinI tarIke laMDana yunivarsiTImAM joDAyAM hatAM ane raMgabhUminA itihAsa sAthe temaNe tyAM pIeca.DI. karyuM hatuM, sAthe sAthe teo aneka strI-saMsthA sAthe joDAyAM hatAM. temaNe cAra jeTalI agatyanI AMtararASTrIya vimensa pariSadomAM bhAga lIdho hato ane hiMdustAnanA pratinidhi tarIke teoe AvI pariSadomAM bhAga levA yuropanA ghaNA dezono pravAsa kheDyo hato. ' vastRtva DibeTa)mAM temanI sAthe spardhAmAM All India level para UtarI zake tevAM ekamAtra sannArI sarojinI nAyaDU hatAM. jo ke temaNe potAnA jIvanamAM patrakAritvano vyavasAya svIkAryo hota to temane khUba ja kIrti prApta thaI hota; paraMtu teo hiMdabharamAM strIzikSaNa ane strI-sudhAraNAnA kSetre pAyAnuM kAma karavA icchatAM hatAM. tethI pathika tramAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 u 38 For Private and Personal Use Only

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temaNe "hiMdustAnI sevAdaLa"nI Thera-Thera zAkhAo kholI e saMsthAne pagabhara karI hatI. A mATe temaNe 1931mAM samagra hiMdustAnamAM bhramaNa karIne "hiMdustAnI sevAdaLa" saMsthAno khUba ja pracAra karyo eTaluM ja nahIM, paraMtu teo "sI-hiMdustAnI sevAdaLa'nAM incArjamAM hatAM. temaNe strIone tAlIma ApavA mATe zibiro yojI. zrI kamalAdevI "bombe yuthalIMga"nA vAIsa ceramenapade nimAyAM hatAM. temaNe vidyArthIone abhyAsamAM madada karavA mATe "abhyAsa vartuLo" (Study Circles) zarU karIne vidyArthIone ApaNA dezanI tatkAlIna Arthika ane rAjakIya samasyAthI paricita karavA mATe puruSArtha karyo temaja e samasyAono khyAla janatAne ApavA mATe vidyArthIone anurodha karyo. alabatta temanI rAjakIya pravRttine kAraNe briTiza sarakAre 1931mAM eka varSanI jelanI sajA karI hatI. 1934mAM "kAMgresa samAjavAdI pakSa"mAM teo joDAyA ane mRtyuparyata e pakSa sAthe joDAyelAM rahyAM. teo muMbaInI S.N.D.T. (zrImatI nAthIbAI dAmodara ThAkarazI vizvavidyAlaya) yunivarsiTI sAthe paNa saMkaLAyelAM hatAM. samApana : zrI kamalAdevI caTTopAdhyAyanuM vyaktitva atyaMta nirALuM hatuM ane temanI pravRttio vaividhya sabhara hatI. temanI pravRttione pariNAme ApaNA dezamAM briTiza zAsana daramyAna aneka strI-saMgaThano vikAsa pAmyAM. temanA netRtva heThaLa strI-zikSaNa ane nArI-sudhAraNAnA vyApaka kAryakramo prayojAyA ane temAM temane noMdhapAtra saphaLatA Holl ed. She was a great personality in the field of national movement in India. temaNe zarU karelI nArI-sudhAraNAnI caLavaLa aviratapaNe cAlu rahe te mATe strI-netRtvanI eka AkhI zreNI UbhI karI; jemAM (1) zrImatI haMsAbena mahetA (4) kumArI maNIbena paTela (2) zrImatI lIlAbena munazI (5) kepTana perina (3) zrImatI murazIdabena sophiyA (6) zrImatI jayazrIbena rAyajI vagereno samAveza thAya che. strI-netRtva sarjavAmAM temaNe ApeluM yogadAna khUba ja mahattvanuM ane arvAcIna bhAratanA ItihAsamAM noMdhapAtra che.* . saMdarbha sUci 9. Carpets and Floor Covering of India. Indian Embroidary (1977) (New Delhi Wiley Eastern). Indian Handicrafts (New Delhi, 1963). Socialism and Soceity (Lucknow, 1950) The awakening of Indian Women Indian Women's Battles for Freedom. - Abhinav Publications, New Delhi. 'manA trima : mAne | prazAzana, (2676 Ed.) G.G.Karkhanis : 'Devdasi' - A burning problem of Karnatak'. 9. surezabhAI cI. zeTha : "bhAratamAM sAmAjika ane dhArmika caLavaLo (1818-1960)" (yuni. graMthanirmANa borDa). 10. DaoN. maMgubhAI paTela : "bhAratanA svAtaMtryasaMgrAma ane tenA ghaDavaiyAo" (yuni. graMthanirmANa borDa). je che x ra $ $ pathika 2mAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 [ 39 For Private and Personal Use Only

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svAtaMtrya saMgrAmamAM kacchano phALo bharatakumAra prA. ThAkara* ApaNI aNamola AjhAdIno itihAsa nevuM varSa (1857-1947)nA satata saMgharSo ane laDatothI bharelo che. svataMtratA mATe samagra rASTra dezakALa anusAra bhUmikA bhajavI che. kacchamAM paNa svAtaMtrya caLavaLanI havA prasarI hatI. zyAmajI kRSNa varmA (1857-1930), yusupha maheraalI (1903-50) jevA kacchI AMdolanakAroe rASTrIya-AMtararASTrIya kSetre khyAti meLavI che. to, 1857nA baLavAnA viplavavAdIone kacchamAM Azraya ApIne kacchanI prajAe paNa potAnI bhAgIdArI noMdhAvI che. kacchamAM aMgrejo sAmenI laData sAthe dezI rAjyanA niyaMtraNamAMthI mukta thaI "javAbadAra rAjayataMtra' meLavavAnI samAMtara laData paNa cAlu rahI hatI. gAMdhIyugano udayakALa * rASTrapitA mahAtmA gAMdhIjI (18 69-1948) dakSiNa AphrikAthI 1914mAM bhArata pAchA AvyA pachI emanA kAryakramo ane vicAro thakI dezabharamAM chavAI gayA. emanA punarAgamana pachI sarvatra rASTravAda ane svAtaMtrya caLavaLanI anokhI cinagArI pragaTI hatI. kaccha pradeza paNa A navacetana ane navajIvananI cinagArIthI kema bAkAta rahe ?! kacchamAM paNa gAMdhIvicArathI prerita saMniSTha kAryakaroe sevAnI jayota jalAvI hatI. 191thI dezamAM gAMdhIyugano udaya thayo tyAre kacchamAM paNa prajAjAgRtino saLavaLATa zarU thayo hato. koMgresanI sthApanA (1885)thI svAtaMtrya-prApti (1947) sudhI kaccha paNa tenAthI vikhUTuM rahyuM nathI. te dUrano mulaka hovAthI anya pradezo jevA romAMcaka banAvo ahIM ochA banyA haze ke pachI teNe satyAgrahonI ugratA ochI anubhavI haze; chatAM yatkiMcita phALo kaccha paNa jarUra Apyo che. - rAjAzAhI ane aMgrejazAhInA e kaparA kALe svAtaMtrya saMbaMdhI pravRttio ke caLavaLomAM bhAga levo keTaluM kaThina hatuM te sahabhAgI vyaktio ja jANI zake. tevA samaye paNa hiMmatapUrvaka temAM sAmela thaI je muThThIbhara vyaktioe kacchanI navajAgRtimAM jIvana samarpita karyuM che te vaMdanIya che. kacchanA itihAsanI e amUlya paLonI vigato je kaMI thoDA saMdarbhomAM noMdhAI che te para najara pheravIe. kacchamAM lokalaDatanA maMDANa : 1800nI AsapAsa kacchamAM aMgrejono pagapesAro rokavAmAM kacchanA lazkarI senApati jamAdAra phateha mahaMmada ane tatkAlIna rAva bhAramalajI-bIjA (zAsana 1814-19)e prayatno karelA. aMjAranI janatAe kUvAmAM jhera bheLavI aMgreja lazkarane pAyamAla kareluM. muMbaInA harajI kAyANIe kacchAdhipati pratye vijJapti tathA ruzvatakhAna bahAdura' (1909) pustaka dvArA dezI rAjya sAmenI laDatanA maMDANa karelAM. tyArabAda gatAnugatika rAjakIya pravRttionA pagale 1919-26 daramyAna kacchamAM rAjakIya saMgrAmanAM bIja vyavasthita svarUpe phAlavA lAgyAM. lokalaDato mATenA vyaktigata prayAsoe pAchaLathI saMgaThanonuM svarUpa pakaDyuM. kacchamAM rAjakIya pravRttinAM maMDANa munizrI jayavijayajInA vaDapaNa heThaLa sthapAyela "kara7 sevA samAja (1919-20)thI thayAM hatAM. paraMtu kacchanA rAjakAraNanuM paheluM vyApaka saMgaThana "kaccha prajA saMgha" hatuM, jenI 1923mAM muni jayavijayajInA netRtvamAM kacchamAM ane 1925mAM ahamadabhAI hAjInA pramukhapade muMbaImAM sthApanA thayelI. * lekhaka khAdya nigama(gAMdhIdhAma)mAM sevArata ane aMjAra sthita kacchanA mukta lekhaka ane saMzodhaka che. pathika tramAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 ] 40 For Private and Personal Use Only

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daramyAna, kacchanA prakhara gAMdhIvAdI ane rAjakIya jIvananA agraNI evA kAMtiprasAda candrazaMkara aMtANI (1902-86)nA prayAsathI 1921mAM kaccha jillAno siMdha prAMtamAMthI gujarAtamAM samAveza karAyo. prAraMbhathI ja teo kacchanA svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanI laDatomAM satata sakriya rahelA. saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela (1875-1950) samakSa lIdhelAM sevAvratone AjIvana vaLagI rahyA ane muMbaI vidhAnapariSadanuM sabhyapada (1956) paNa TALyuM. 'mahAdevabhAI desAI (1892-1942)nI DAyarImAM paNa zrI aMtANI ullekha pAmyA che. dAMDIkUcamAM kacchanA sainiko : bhAratanA AjhAdI-jaMgamAM "dAMDI kUca" (12mI mArcathI pamI eprila, 1930) aitihAsika sthAna dharAve che. dAMDI(ji. navasArI)nA dariyA kinArethI capaTI mIThuM upADIne savinaya kAnUna bhaMganI caLavaLa upADanAra mahAtmA gAMdhInI sAbaramatI Azrama(amadAvAda)thI dAMDI sudhInI 241 mAIla (eTale ke 386 ki.mI. lAMbI e aitihAsika yAtrAmAM bhAratabharamAMthI mAtra 81 sainiko pasaMda karAyA hatA. temAMthI kacchanI sAta vyaktio bhAratIya itihAsanI A bhavya ghaTanAnI sAthIdAra banI hatI tenAM nAmo.... 1. jayaMtIlAla nabhubhAI pArekha (AzramanI zALAnA vidyArthI, vaya 18), 2. jeThAlAla vIrajI rUpArela (khAdI khAtAmAM, vaya 25). 3. DuMgarazIbhAI kacarAbhAI (khAdI kAryakartA, vaya 27). 4. nArANajI neNazI Thakkara (utkalamAM khAdI kAryakartA hatA, vaya 22). pa. pRthvIrAja lakSmIdAsa Azara (AzramanI zALAnA vidyArthI, vaya 19) 6. maganabhAI vorA (utkalamAM khAdI kAryakartA, vaya 25). 7. mAdhavajI vIrajI Thakkara (laMDanamAM phattehamaMda vepAra kheDelo, kalakattAmAM dhIkato dhaMdho choDI AzramamAM joDAyelA, vaya 40). gAMdhIjIno kaccha-pravAsa : 1925mAM saradAra paTela sAthe mahAtmA gAMdhIjInI kaccha-yAtrAthI kacchanI svAtaMtrya-tavArIkhamAM cetana ane vega AvyAM hatAM. mAnasaMgabhAI kacarA svAgata maMDaLanA pramukha hatA. 22mI oNkaTobarathI 4thI navembara (cauda divaso sudhI gAMdhI-saradAra kacchamAM rahyA hatA tyAre emanI sAthe rahelA AgevAno gulAlazaMkara dhoLakiyA, kAMtiprasAda aMtANI ane prabhulAla dhoLakiyAne chUtAchUtanA prazna "nAtabahAra thavAnI sajA' maLI hatI : gAMdhIjI kaccha AvyA te pUrve ane pachI muMbaI ke anyatra vasatA ghaNA kacchIo gAMdhIraMge raMgAyA hatA. mahAtmAjIne kaccha teDI lAvanAra orissA sthita jIvarAma kalyANajI koThArI(koTaDA-rohA)e te jamAnAmAM be lAkha rUpiyAnuM anudAna gAMdhI-caraNe dharyuM hatuM. to, muMbaI khAdI pravRttinA janaka ane kacchanA bhImANI khAdI saMghanA sthApaka evA kAkubhAI urphe puruSottama kAnajI saMpaTe videzI kApaDanI hoLI (1921)mAM potAnAM vastro homI dIdhelAM. to, muMbaI sthita aneka kacchI agraNIo bhAratanI svAtaMtrya caLavaLo ane kacchanI lokalaDatonA sahayogIo tarIke AgaLa rahyA hatA. zeTha velajI lakhamazI napu ane zeTha umara sobAnI koMgresanA 'TiLaka svarAjya phALA'nA khajAnacI hatA. emAMnA velajI lakhamazI napu muMbaI kacchI vepArI AlamanA saMgaThaka, kacchanA rAjakAraNanAM muMbaImAM maMDANa karanAra, karacha prajA saMghanA maMtrI tarIke kaccha ane muMbaImAM tenA saMyukta svarUpanA preraka ane akhila bhArata keMgresa kArobArInA khajAnacI rahyA hatA. pathika saimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 n 41 For Private and Personal Use Only

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prajAkIya pariSadanI sthApanA : - 1926mAM zeTha surajI vallabhadAsanA pramukhapade muMbaImAM "kacchI prajAkIya pariSadanI racanA thaI, je AjhAdInI prApti lagI cAlu rahI. kacchanA svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanI gatividhiomAM mahattvanuM mAdhyama banI rahenArI A saMsthAnI sthApanA pachI vyavasthita lokalaDatanAM maMDANa thayAM. tenA kAryakALanAM 22 varSo daramyAna muMbaI ane kacchanAM vividha sthaLoe samayAMtare yojita tenAM kula ATha adhivezano dvArA sthAnika svarAjyanI saMsthAo, madhyastha dhArAsabhA ane javAbadAra pradhAnamaMDaLanI, mAMgaNIo thatI rahI. pratipakSe kacchanA zAsako paNa laDatane dabAvavA lekhana ane vANI svAtaMtrya para aMkuza mUkatA gayA. pariSadanA prathama muMbaI adhivezana(1926)nA sUtradhAra surajI vallabhadAse 1926-30nA vikaTa kALe cAlo hAkala thaI dezanIno nAda kacchanA gAmegAma pahoMcADI dezapremano jusso jagADyo hato. muMbaI sthita A kacchI agraNI kacchamAM paNa sakriya hatA ane kaccha saMgrAmanA chevaTa lagInA kuzaLa sahayogI banyA. muMbaImAM mukti saMgrAmanA kacchI senAnI yusupha maheraalI : * gayA varSa(2003)mAM jemanI janma zatAbdI manAvAI evA mULe kacchanA bhadrezvara (tA.mundrA)nA vatanI ane peDhIothI muMbaIne karmabhUmi banAvanAra yusupha maheraalI (1903-50) prakhara samAjavAdI ane rASTravAdI sevaka hatA. kaccha je svAtaMtrya vIro dezane ApyA temAM maheraalI viziSTa sthAna dharAve che. AjhAdI AMdolana samaye kacchI prajAkIya pariSadanA pramukha tarIke kacchamAM lokasvarAjanI laDatane AgevAnI pUrI pADanAra kacchI birAdara maheraalI muMbaInA rAjakAraNamAM paNa eTalA ja sakriya hatA ane muMbaInA prathama kacchI meyara (1942) banyA hatA. yaMga inDiyA sosAyaTI, baoNmbe proviyela yutha lIga, baoNmbe TuDanTsa bradharahUDa jevAM maMDaLo sthApIne krAMtikArI yuvakone tAlIma ApI taiyAra karyA. sAyamana kamizana (1928) sAmenA virodhane muMbaImAM jalada banAvavAnI pahela kepTana maheraalI ane tenA sAthIoe karI. muMbaI baMdare cAraso navayuvakonI TukaDI laIne emaNe "sAyamana-pAchA jAva'nA nArA sAthe dekhAvo karyA hatA. 1930-32nI laDato daramyAna sabhA-saraghaso para pratibaMdha hato tyAre janatAnA osaratA juvALane emanI sthApelI 'nezanala miliziyAe ja cetana pUreluM : "kAMgresa samAjavAdI pakSanI sthApanA(1934)mAM teo paNa eka hatA. to, 'hiMda choDo' caLavaLa(1942)mAM rASTriya netAo sAthe bhAga lIdho. 1939mAM emanA pramukhapadethI kacchI prajAkIya pariSada dvArA kacchanA jAherajIvanane gati, vistAra ane Adarza prApta thayAM hatAM. surendrabhAI zeTha (1932-2003) noMdhe che tema birAdara maheraalInA netRtvanuM eka agatyanuM pariNAma te kacchanI prajAkIya caLavaLane bhAratanA AjhAdI AMdolananA eka aMtargata bhAga tarIke AkAra maLyo. adhivezano ane sUtradhAro : pariSadanA bIjA mAMDavI adhivezana(1927)nA pramukha rahelA lakSmIdAsa ravajI terasI muMbaInA kacchI AgevAna hatA ane cheka 1902thI rAjayanA adhikArIonI raMjADa sAme laData ApelI. to, madrAsanI rAjAjI sarakAramAM pradhAnapade rahenAra janAba yAkuba husene rAjadrohanI kalama vacce ane sthAnika jJAtibaMdhuonI nArAjI vahorIne paNa trIjA aMjAra adhivezana(1930)nuM pramukhapada svIkAryuM hatuM. pathika tramAsika - eprilame-jUna, 2004 ] 42 For Private and Personal Use Only

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temAM bhAratanA svAtaMtratA saMgrAmane biradAvI gAMdhIjInI doravaNImAM zraddhA ane sahAnubhUti jAhera karAyAM hatAM. te pachI bhujanA nagarazeTha sAkaracaMda pAnAcaMda(1886-1952)nA pramukhapade tathA kAMtiprasAda aMtANI ane anyonI doravaNI taLe bhujamAM virATa "kaccha kheDUta saMmelana' (1931) maLyuM, jeNe kacchanI prajAne baLa ApyuM. pariSadanA cothA bhuja adhivezana(1934)nA pramukha zeTha mULarAja karasanadAsa bhAratIya saMgrAmanA muMbaI sthita laDavaiyA, maheraalInA sAthIdAra ane kacchamAM pravAsa kheDI janajAgRtinA prasAraka hatA. svarAjaya pUrve jhAMjhibAra kheDIne kacchanA rAjakAraNamAM otaprota thanAra DaoN. bihArIlAla nArANajI aMtANI (18921971) pariSadanA pAMcamA bhacAu adhivezana(1937)nA karNadhAra banyA. teo prakhara vaktA ane sattApalaTA pachI rAjyasabhAnA sabhya hatA. A saMmelanamAM muMbaIthI birAdara maheraalI prathamavAra hAjara rahI kacchanI svAtaMtrya saMgharSanI pravRttimAM saMkaLAyA hatA. prajAjAgRtinuM vaLAMka-biMdu : kacchI prajAkIya pariSadanA chaThThA-mundrA adhivezana(1938)nA pramukha banIne kepTana yusupha maheraalI jevI rASTrIya pratibhAsaMpanna vyakti TUMkA gALA mATe kacchanA rAjakIya sukAnI paNa banyA hatA. A saMmelanamAM javAbadAra rAjataMtranI mAMgaNI sAthe prajAne sIdhI laDatanI taiyArI mATe AhvAna apAyuM hatuM. A adhivezanane haripurA keMgresa adhivezana sAthe sarakhAvavAmAM Ave che. temAM lAkho lokoe hAjarI ApI jussAnAM darzana karAvyAM hatAM. mundrA adhivezananA AgaLa jatAM bIjA varSe (1939mAM) paDaghA rUpa aneka banAvo banyA. 10mI jAnyuArInI mAMDavInI beThakamAM kacchanA mahArAve prajAkIya caLavaLothI dUra rahevA "salAha ApI. to, pariSada paNa potAnuM dRSTibiMdu rajU karyuM. 16mI jAnyu.nuM maheraalI-mahArAva milana niSphaLa rahyuM. 19mIe kacchanA jANItA vakIlonI sanada chInavI levAI. prajAno jusso TakAvavA 20mIe maheraalInA netRtvamAM bhujamAM virATa "akhila kaccha kisAna saMmelana yojAyuM, je kacchanI prajAjAgRtinA kALano mahattvano prasaMga lekhAya che. 21mIe kacchamAM TheraThera dArUnA pIThAM sAme pikeTiMga zarU thayuM. javAbadAra rAjataMtra dina' : 26mI jAnyuArIne hindabharamAM svataMtratA dina tarIke manAvavAnuM gAMdhIjIe AhvAna ApeluM. te anusAra kacchamAM paNa te "javAbadAra rAMjayataMtra dina" rUpe UjavavAnuM mundrA adhivezanamAM TharAvAyeluM. temAM bhAga levA muMbaIthI AvatA svayaMsevaka daLano vidAya samAraMbha 14mI jAnyuArInA koMgresa pramukha subhASacaMdra bojha (1897-1945)nI hAjarImAM yojAyo hato ane tenI saphaLatA icchato preraka saMdezo paNa netAjIe kacchanI prajAne pAThavyo hato. te mujaba ra6mI jAnyuArI, 1939nA pariSada pramukha maheraalInI hAjarImAM A divasanI javAbadAra rAjataMtra divasa' rUpe moTA pAye ujavaNI thaI. kacchamAM vyApaka svarUpano e prathama rAjakIya banAva hato. 2425mI mArcanA rASTrIya pratibhA zrImatI kamalAdevI caTTopAdhyAya (1903-88)nA pramukhapade bhujamAM "kaccha mahilA saMmelana' maLyuM. te pachI dezI rAjayo sAmenI prajAkIya caLavaLo mokUpha rAkhavAnA gAMdhIjInA AdezanA pagale 1lI eprila, 1939thI kacchamAM paNa zarU thanArI "javAbadAra rAjayataMtra' mATenI sUcita laData mulatavI rahI hatI. pathika tramAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 n 43 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra laData mokUphI chatAM pariSadanAM AMdolanoe kacchanI prajAmAM rAjakIya jAgRti ANavAnuM kAma to karyuM ja hatuM. sAmA pakSe rAjya taraphathI (laData baMdha rahI chatAM) kacchamAM garAsiyA-bhAyAto-cAraNonAM saMmelano, kaNabIonuM saraghasa ane muslima saMmelana bolAvIne AMtireka phATaphUTanI kuTila kUTanIti paNa apanAvAI. to, 1939mAM ja velajI ThAkarazI, kAMtiprasAda aMtANI, jamanAdAsa gAMdhI jevA svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanA sipAIo kArAvAsamAM paNa purAyA. 'hiMda choDo' caLavaLa : www.kobatirth.org 1940mAM pramukhapadethI rAjInAmuM ApI yusupha maheraalI rASTriya kakSAe satyAgrahamAM joDAvA gayA. 1942mAM emane lAhoramAM kArAvAsa ane muMbaImAM meyarapada baMne maLyAM. e pachI bhAratanA svAtaMtrya jaMganI tavArIkhamAM parAkASTA ane sImAcihnarUpa sthAna dharAvatI 1942nI 'bhArata choDo' caLavaLa 'oNgasTa krAMti' zarU thAya che. muMbaImAM govAliyA TeMka khAte dezanA TocanA netAo sAthe maheraalIe paNa bhAga lIdhelo ane jelavAsa bhogavelo. gAMdhIjInI hAkala parathI gAmaDA tarapha prayANa karI carakhAmaDhI(gaDhazIzA)thI 1939mAM kacchamAM grAmotthAnanI pravRttiono AraMbha karanAra mUlyaniSTha gAMdhIvAdI mAvajIbhAI dharamazI vede (1907-45) 'hiMda choDo' laData vakhate kacchamAM khamIra jhaLakAvI batAvyuM hatuM. krama 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. to gijubhAI badhekA, ratubhAI adANI, ismAIla nAgorI jevA agraNIonA hAtha nIce keLavAyelA kacchanA svAtaMtrya senAnI kAsamazAha darda (1909-89) 'kareMge yA mareMge'nI A caLavaLa vakhate yuvAnone baMdUka calAvavAnI tAlIma ApatA. AjhAdI bAda teo zAmaLadAsa gAMdhI(1897-1953)nI 'ArajhI hakUmata' (jUnAgaDha)nA lazkaramAM eka sainika tarIke joDAyA hatA. kacchI prajAkIya pariSadanAM adhivezano : 7. 8. tArIkho 22, 23, 24 oNkTobara, 1926 28, 29, 30 Disembara, 1927 20, 21, 22 eprila, 1930 28, 29, 30 eprila, 1934 20, 21, 22 navembara, 1937 26, 27, 28 Disembara, 1938 1, 2, 3 Disembara, 1945 19 oNkToba2, 1948 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir sthaLa muMbaI mAMDavI aMjAra bhuja bhacAu mundrA bhuja koDAya pramukha zeTha surajI vallabhadAsa lakSmIdAsa ravajI terasI janAba yAkuba husena zeTha mULarAja karasanadAsa bihArIlAla nArANajI aMtANI yusupha maheraalI marcanTa gulAbazaMkara amRtalAla dhoLakiyA gulAbazaMkara amRtalAla dhoLakiyA visarjana ane vilInIkaraNa : kacchanA svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanA bhekhadhArI ane jAherajIvananA bhISma pitAmaha gulAbazaMkara amRtalAla dhoLakiyA (1892-1972)nA pramukhasthAne pariSadanuM sAtamuM bhuja adhivezana (1945) yojAyuM, jemAM mahemAno tarIke morArajIbhAI desAI (1896-1995), mRdulAbena sArAbhAIe hAjarI ApI mArgadarzana ApeluM. pathika traimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 44 For Private and Personal Use Only

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tyAra bAda pariSadanuM AkharI ane AThamuM koDAya adhivezana (1948) paNa zrI dhoLakiyAnA pramukhapade ja yojAyuM, svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanA aMtima aTapaTA kALathI sattApalaTA sudhInA sAkSI banelA gulAbazaMkarabhAI pAchaLathI bhAratanI kAmacalAu saMsada(1950-pa2)mAM kacchanA pahelA pratinidhi ane prathama lokasabhA (1952pa7)mAM kacchanA prathama be pratinidhio paikInA eka banyA hatA. 1947mAM bhAratanI AjhAdInI prApti sAthe pariSadano hetu pUro thatAM koDAya adhivezanamAM tenA visarjanano nirNaya levAyo. Ama kacchanA svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanI tavArIkhamAM mahattvano phALo ApanArI ane 22mI okTobara, 1926mAM sthapAyelI "kacchI prajAkIya pariSada' AjhAdI bAda 19mI oNkaTobara, 1948nA roja visarjita thaI hatI tathA pAchaLathI tenuM keMgresamAM vilInIkaraNa thayuM hatuM. baMdhAraNa sabhA'mAM yogadAna : AjhAdInI prakriyAnA bhAga rUpe bhAratanuM rAjabaMdhAraNa ghaDavA rajI oNkTobara, 1946nA roja "baMdhAraNa sabhA' (1946-49) racavAmAM AvI hatI, jemAM sthAnika matadAra-maMDaLa dvArA cUMTAIne be kacchI sapUtoe pratinidhitva kareluM. baMdhAraNamAM naheru-saradAra sAthe kacchanA A baMne AgevAnonI sahI paNa sthAna pAmI che. kacchanA terA(tA. abaDAsA)nA vatanI, muMbaInA jaina zreSThI ane kacchanA jAherajIvananA mobhI evA bhavAnajI arajaNa khImajI (190ra-70) muMbaI prAMta koMgresa samitinA khajAnacI pade rahelA ane 19303ranI kAnUnabhaMga laDatanA AgevAna hatA. videzI vepArI peDhIono bahiSkAra karavA badala dharapakaDa vahorelI. prathama lokasabhA(1952-57)mAM teo kacchanA prathama be pratinidhio paikInA eka hatA. svarAjaya pahelAM gulAbazaMkara dhoLakiyA ane svarAjya pachI bhavAnajIbhAI kaccha mATe mahattvanA AdhArastaMbho banelA. bIjA pratinidhi pro. ke.TI.zAha (1888-1953) mAMDavInA vatanI ane pariSadanA sthApaka sabhyo paikInA eka hatA. paMDita naheru (1889-1964)nA pramukha sthAne nimAyela koMgresa Ayojana maMDaLa' (1934)mAM maMtrIpade hatA. bhavAnajIbhAInI sAthe emaNe paNa baMdhAraNa sabhAmAM bahumUlya phALo Apelo. eka baMdhAraNavid tarIke emanuM nAma bhAratabharamAM khyAta thayeluM. anya thoDA nAmollekha : svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanA saMgharSakALa daramyAna aneka sAmAjika-rAjakIya AgevAno saMkaLAyelA rahyA hoya e dekhItuM che. uparanA lekhamAM jenI vAta AvI gaI che te sivAya paNa nAmI-anAmI aneka mahAnubhAvonAM nAmo rahI javA saMbhava che, jeno maryAdita lekhamAM ullekha zakya nathI. bIjuM, svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanA eka bhAga rUpe gAMdhIjIe racanAtmaka kAryakrama Apelo, jenA paNa aneka nAnAmoTA kAryakaro kacchanI svAtaMtrya tavArIkha sAthe pratyakSa ke parokSapaNe saMkaLAyelA rahyA che. kacchamAM khAdI, grAmodyoga, svadezI, lokazikSaNa, harijanoddhAra vagere jevI racanAtmaka pravRttio sAthe saMkaLAyelA kAryakaromAM kacchanA gAMdhI' tarIke prasiddha mAMDavInA gokuladAsa bAMbhaDAI (1881-1962), sAdhanAzrama(bidaDA)nA velajI ThAkarazI (1901-66), zikSaNa saMsthA "sadanavADI' (dazalapara-vAMDhAya)nA sthApako prabhulAla dhoLakiyA (190580) ane maganabhAI sonI (1979-81), sevAzrama(cakAra-koTaDA)nA hIrajIbhAI koTaka (ja. 1918), grAmalakSI be zikSaNasaMsthAo sarvodaya Azrama ane grAma svarAja saMgha(baMne nIlapara)nA sthApako anukrame dayArAmabhAI kevariyA (ja. 1920) ane maNibhAI saMghavI (ja. 1921) vagerene saMbhAravA rahyA. trIjuM, kaccha rAjayanA pratibaMdha ke herAnagatinA kAraNe ghaNA kacchI patrakAroe bahudhA muMbaImAMthI ladhu pathika raimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 ] 45 For Private and Personal Use Only

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akhabAro bahAra pADIne je lokajAgRtino prakAza phelAvyo teno vaLI eka judo ja itihAsa che. tema chatAM teono paNa nAmollekha karavo rahyo... vakIla dayArAma depALA(mAMDavI)nAM be patro 'kaccha samAcAra', kacchI Dhola, catrabhuja jagajIvana bhaTTa(lAkaDiyA)nuM kacchI', ravajIbhAI zAha(devapara-gaDha)nuM 'kaccha kesarI', phUlazaMkara * paTTaNI(bhuja)nuM "jaya kaccha', kalyANajI lAlajI vyAsa(mAMDavI)nuM "kacchI', gulAbazaMkara amRtalAla dhoLakiyA (bhuja)nuM "jAgRta kaccha', chaganalAla bhavAnIzaMkara mahetAnuM "kaccha vartamAna', bI.ena. mahIzerInuM "svadeza'... vagere mukhya gaNI zakAya. upasaMhAra ane samApana : AjhAdI bAda kaccha prAMta bhArata saMghamAM vilIna thatAM 1lI jUna, 1948thI tene cIpha kamiznara dvArA hiMdI sarakAranA sIdhA vahIvaTa heThaLa "ka" varganA rAjya ('sI' keTegarI sTeTa) tarIke alaga darajajo maLyo hato. Ama, svAtaMtrya-prAptinA saMgharSanAM varSo daramyAna kacchamAM paNa AjhAdI mATe jAgRti lAvavAnuM, potAnA hakko mATe laDavAnuM, bhraSTAcAra nAbUdI, damana sAme mAthuM UMcakavuM vagere jevI laDato dvArA kacchamAM svAtaMtrya cetanAno saMcAra thayo hato. paradezamAM AjhAdI caLavaLanA kacchI krAMtivIra zyAmajI kRSNa varmA: kaccha jillAnA tAlukA-mathaka mAMDavI khAte janmelA ane gujarAtanA gauravasamA krAMtikArI zyAmajI kRSNa varmA (1857-1930) maharSi dayAnaMda sarasvatInA mAnasaputra, vIra sAvarakaranA guru ane aneka svAtaMtrya senAnIonA pathadarzaka hatA. aneka pratikULatAo vacce emaNe krAMtinI mazAla prajavalita rAkhI hatI. videzamAM bhAratIya saMskRtinA pracArArthe dayAnaMda sarasvatI(1824-83)nI preraNAthI prathamavAra 1879mAM ane te pachI videzI bhUmi parathI bhAratanA mukti saMgrAmane baLa maLe te mATe bALagaMgAdhara TiLaka(1856-1920)nI preraNAthI pharI 1897mAM teo iMglenDa gayA. tyAM emaNe 'inDiyana soziyolojisTa' akhabAra, inDiyana homarUla sosAyaTI" saMsthA ane krAMti mathaka 'inDiyA hAusa'nI sthApanA karIne paradezamAM AjhAdInI caLavaLa zarU karI. tyAM emanI sAthe dezanA anya be krAMtivIro lIMbaDInA saradArasiMha rANA (1870-1957) ane meDama bhikAIjI kAmA (1861-1936) hatAM. A tripuTIe AjhAdI jaMgamAM vizva janamata jagADavA jhuMbeza calAvI. bhArata para zAsana karatA aMgrejonA pATanagaramAM ja AzrayasthAna sthApIne bhAratIya krAMtikArIone saMgaThita banAvavAno puruSArtha karanAra teo prathama hatA. senApati bApaTa (1880-1967), vIra sAvarakara (1883-1966), madanalAla dhIMgarA (1887-1909), lAlA haradayALa vagere jevA krAMtikArIonI haroLa UbhI karI. eTaluM nahi, bhAratIya vidyArthIone laMDanamAM ucca abhyAsa karavAnI vyavasthA paNa karI. 1857nA baLavAnI ardha-zatAbdInI ujavaNI(1907)thI saunI najare caDatAM teo perisa (phrAnsa) ane jarmanI AvyA, sTaTagArTamAM prathamavAra bhAratIya dhvaja pharakAvyo. 1914mAM jinivA (sviTjharlenDa) AvyA, jyAM emaNe aMtima zvAsa lIdhA. adyApi tyAM sacavAI rahelA emanA asthikuMbha gata varSe rASTrIya sanmAna sAthe bhArata lAvavAmAM AvyA ane muMbaIthI mAMDavI sudhInI bhavya "vIrAMjali yAtrA" dvArA mAdare vatanamAM sthApita karAyA (4-9-2003) e saune vidita che. pathika saimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 ] 46 For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMdarbha-noMdha 1. "saritA thI sAgara" (dAMDI yAtrAnI navalakathA), (1949), le. zivazaMkara prANazaMkara zukla, pra. gUrjarI graMtharatna (amadAvAda). 2. "kumAra' mAsika (amadAvAda), julAI-1950, 'mAdhukarI' vibhAga 3. "kacchanA svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanI tavArIkha" (1982), le. kAMtiprasAda aMtANI, saM. hareza dhoLakiyA, pra. kaccha grAmya utkarSa TrasTa (bhuja) 4. "kacchamitra" dainika (bhuja), ra3 jI julAI, 1987mAM surendra zeThanA lekho 5. "kacchanA racanAtmaka kAryakaro" (1993), le. vana pAMdhI ane anyo saM. rameza saMghavI, pra. vicArazIla prakAzana (muMbaI) 6. "kacchanA aMtaraMgo" (1996), le. kuMdanalAla dhoLakiyA, pra. vicArazIla prakAzana (muMbaI) 7. "kaccha zakti" vArSika(muMbaI)nA ASADhIbIja vizeSAMko (200ra/ra003)mAM bharata ThAkaranA lekho 8. "gujarAta" pAkSika (gAMdhInagara), 15mI oNgasTa, 2003mAM "smaraNAMjali' staMbha heThaLa azvinakumAra paTelano lekha 9. "muMbaImAM muktisaMgrAmanA morace gujarAta" (prakAzana varSa?) saM. dolata bhaTTa, pra. mAhitI khAtuM (gAMdhInagara) noMdha : 14-15mI Disembara 2013nA roja dhorAjI (ji. rAjakoTa) khAte yojita saurASTra-kaccha itihAsa pariSadanA 15mA adhivezanamAM "kAmadAra ropyacaMdraka' puraskRta nibaMdha. pathika tramAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 47 For Private and Personal Use Only

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A Student's Tribute to late Dr. (Smt) Maniben P. Kamerkar - Dr. Sudha Mehta A graceful and knowledgeable lady, Dr. Mani Kamerkar was respectfully and fondly known as Madam to her students and colleagues. Dr. Mani P. Kamerkara (1925 2004) A specialist in History, she had bagged the prestigious Padhye and Kanga Prizes for History when she topped at B.A. (Hons) from Elphinstone College. She completed her M.A. in 1949 and obtained her Ph.D. in 1976 from Bombay University. Having served for almost a decade as Professor and Head of History Dept. at National College, Bandra, she joined Maniben Nanavati college for Women, Vile Parle as the head of History Department and later occupied the post a its Principal in it until 1976. She then was made Director, College Development Council of SNDT Women's University, Bombay, until 1990. She had also held the distinguished post of Chairperson, Board of Studies for History and many other offices in connection with Seminars and Workshops organized during her tenure. She was Chairperson of the Society for Indian History and Culture fro years. Since 1990 She was a Vice President for the Asiatic Society of Bombay. Her publications include 2 books and 30 Research Articles that were included in several publications from India and abroad. These were collective writings on History and various topics of Modern Indian History. Maniben always chose to highlight the information about the downtrodden sections of society, neglected sections of society whose contribution to its development had been crucial but was only cursorily referred to by general historical writings. She had a keen interest in her own community of the Parsees and women's studies. She also wrote articles for the Local History Society of Bombay and took keen interest in its activities. She has guided 6 students to obtain their Ph.D. Degree from SNDT Women's University, Covering topics of historical interest from Maharashtra and Gujarat. She knew both Gujarati and Marathi well, and red profusely from the original sources for her studies. She also served as Visiting Lecturer and Professor at certain Universities of Canada and USA. She attended a large number of Seminars and Workshops of History organizations of national and international reputation, representing her University and herself. A person with great enthusiasm for life and devoted to her academic interest, Maniben was a source of inspiration in both these fields for all who came into her contact. She had a knack of building lasting relationships with all of them, be they students, colleagues and staff, or friends, relatives and neigh pathika traimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 deg 48 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bors. She guided her students very naturally, like a mother leading her kid to cross the road ! Not that she was lenient all the time, though. She always insisted on principles like honesty, responsibility, teamwork, and discipline and devotion to work. She was firm as head of a college or society or any other organization and set example by working hard herself. Her innate courtesy and fair-minded attitude put everyone at ease, and reminded them of good behavior-staff or students-wherever they were, in or out of college. She never hesitated in speaking her mind if she found any interpretation of facts, .academically, defective, or shortsighted and misleading. With many reputed colleagues she indicated difference of opinion without fear or favour, and always condemned any kind of prejudice, parochialism or injustice. Her criticism though, was never biting or insulting or destructive. It was, rather kind, suggestive and constructive. Her typical Parsee humor took the edge out of it every time. Her administrative abilities were evident in her management of the Maniben Nanavati College that became from a small college of girls into a highly reputed college for women. These were also evident when she became Director of College Development Council, and spruced up the Affiliated Colleges. Transparent in her dealings she always worked among the staff as first among equals. By arraging lectures of various topics solely for her lecturers, she encouraged continued learning, inter-disciplinary exchanges and thus provided new centers of interest to all. She thus rejuvenated their enthusiasm for work and themselves, and introduced new interests in their lives. Such a personality, with a large circle of friends in India and abroad, almost a Mother. Figure to the students like us, is no longer amongst us-a sad yet an inevitable fact of life is that it comes to an end, some time. Maniben left for heavenly abode at 75, after a brief illness that did not stop her from continuing her work till last. We all pray that her kind influence continues to inspire all those who knew her personally and they in tum inspire others similarly. May God rest her soul. Dr. Sudha Mehta, a student of Maniben ulas HAS - wlue-4-44, 200% or For Private and Personal Use Only

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pArasI prajAno itihAsaH saMgharSavihIna samanvaya prA. phAlganI parIkha prastuta lekha pArasI prajAnA itihAsa vizeno che, jenI vigato "dhI kAmA orIenTala insTiTyUTa"nA 42445 "From the Iranian plateau to the shores of Gujarat" The Story of Parsi Settlements and Absorption in India nAmanAM aMgrejI pustako upara AdhArita che. pustaka jANItA itihAsakAra zrI maNi kArakara tathA sUtru dhanajIzA dvArA lakhAyuM che. A lekhano hetu pustakanI vigatothI ItihAsa-premIone paricita karAvavAno che. pustakanuM vivecana karavAno nathI. itihAsa-lekhananA navA pravAho mujaba bhUtakALanI rAjakIya bAbatone sthAne sAMskRtika ane sAmAjika bAbato upara vadhu bhAra mUkavAmAM Ave che. eTale ke rAja, zAsaka ke agravargane kendramAM rAkhavAne badale prajAone kendramAM rAkhI itihAsanuM Alekhana karavAmAM Ave che. uparokta pustaka A vicArane kendramAM rAkhI lakhAyeluM che. bhAratano itihAsa kahe che ke prAcIna kALathI aneka videzI prajAo bhAratamAM AvI ane ahIM vasI che. temAMthI keTalIka prajAo bhAratIya samAjavyavasthAmAM evI rIte bhaLI gaI che ke temanI mULa saMskRti ane bhAratanI saMskRtinAM mUlyone hAlamAM judA pADavAnuM paNa muzkela che. bIjI keTalIka prajAo evI che ke jeNe potAnI mULa saMskRtinI paraMparAone jALavI rAkhI samanvaya sAdhyo che. bhinna mUlyo dharAvatI prajAonA sAMskRtika samanvayanI prakriyAno abhyAsa e sAMskRtika ItihAsanuM mahattvanuM aMga che. e daSTie pArasI prajAnA itihAsa vizenuM A pustaka gujarAtanA sAMskRtika itihAsa upara lakhAyela pustakomAM mahattvanuM sthAna dharAve che. hAlamAM pArasI prajAnI vastI ciMtAjanaka rIte ghaTI rahI che. yunisepha jevI pratiSThita AMtararASTrIya saMsthAe A prajAnA ItihAsa ane vArasAne jALavI rAkhavAnA prayatno hAtha dharyA che. kALanA pravAhamAM saMkhyAnI dRSTie lupta thavA tarapha jaI rahelI A prajAnA itihAsanuM saMzodhanAtmaka Alekhana mAtra gujarAta ke bhAratanA ja nahi vizvanA itihAsamAM mahattvanuM sthAna dharAve che. pustaka 10 prakaraNomAM vaheMcAyeluM che, jemAM pArasIonA bhAratamAM sthaLAMtara pUrvenA samayanA IrAna ane bhArata vaccenA saMbaMdhothI mAMDIne pArasIonA sthaLAMtara pAchaLanAM vividha kAraNo, pArasIonI agatyanI vasAhato, temanI Arthika pravRttio, sAmAjika ane dhArmika sudhAraNA AMdolanamAM tathA svAtaMtrya saMgrAmamAM pArasIonA pradAna vizenI vistRta vigato ApavAmAM AvI che. IrAnanA parsa prAMtamAMthI sthaLAMtara karI bhAratanA pazcimanA dariyAkinArAnAM sthaLoe AvI vasanArI prajA pArasIo tarIke jANItI che. pArasIonA A sthaLAMtara saMbaMdhita aneka vigato anuzrutio, daMtakathAo, lokagIto tathA pravAsI musApharonI noMdhapothImAMthI maLI Ave che. Anuzravika vRttAMtomAM sauthI pracalita che kisse-saMjANa'nAmanuM phArasI bhASAmAM lakhAyeluM kAvya. I.sa. 1600 mAM bahamana kekobAda saMjANA nAmanA kavi dvArA navasArImAM lakhAyela A kAvyamAM Araba AkramaNane pArasIonA sthaLAMtara mATe javAbadAra gaNavAmAM AvyuM che. I.sa. 162mAM mughala zAsanakALa daramyAna bhAratanA pravAse AvelA veneziyAnA pravAsI nikolasa * adhyApaka, itihAsa vibhAga, zrI eca. ke. ArTsa kaoNleja, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9 pathika trimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 E 50 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mAnukkIe paNa potAnI pravAsanoMdhamAM lakhyuM che ke "parziyAmAM muslima zAsananI sthApanA thaI. muslima zAsake IrAnIone dharmaparivartana karavA dabANa karatAM IrAnIoe suratanA zAsakane potAno dUta mokalI tenA rAjyamAM vasavAnI maMjUrI mAMgI." A pravAsanoMdha paraMparAthI cAlI AvatI sAMbhaLelI vAtone AdhAre lakhAI hovAnuM mAnavAmAM Ave che. saMsthAnavAdanI sthApanA pUrvenA moTAbhAganAM prajAkIya sthaLAMtaro mATe svadharmanA svAtaMtrya uparanI tarApane javAbadAra gaNavAmAM Ave che. pArasIonA sthaLAMtara pAchaLa paNa jarathostI dharmane islAmathI bacAvavAno hetu hovAnuM pracalita che. lekhikAoe A pracalita kAraNa uparAMta anya javAbadAra kAraNo ne jhINavaTathI karelI carcA rasaprada che. I.sa. 7mI sadInI madhyamAM AsAnIyana zAsana daramiyAna Araboe IrAnane kabaje karyuM. potAnA dharmane bacAvavA IrAnIo IrAnanA dakSiNa pUrvamAM AvelA khorAsAnanA pahADI pradezamAM vasyAM, so varSanA vasavATa pachI tyAM paNa asurakSA anubhavAtAM teo horamajha baMdare AvyA, jyAM teo 15 varSa rahyA. tyAMthI chevaTe mAtRbhUmine chellA vaMdana karI teo bhAratanA pazcima kinAre AvelA dIva baMdare UtaryA. khaMbhAtanA akhAtanA A TApu upara teo 19 varSa rahyA bAda jyotiSazAstrane AdhAre koIka dastUre ApelI salAha mujaba teo dIva choDI saMjANa vasyA. zarUAtamAM Araba zAsako taraphathI IrAnIonI dhArmika bAbatomAM dakhalagIrI karAtI na hatI. paNa pachIthI AvelA abbAsIkoe IrAnIo pratye sAmAjika ane dhArmika bhedabhAvanI nIti zarU karI. uparAMta te samaye bagadAda zahera Arthika pravRttionA kendra tarIke UbharI rahyuM hatuM, jeNe horamajha baMdare vaselA IrAnIo ke jemAMnA moTAbhAganA vepArI hatA temanI Arthika pravRttione rUMdhavAM mAMDI. uparAMta muslimonA hAthe AsAnIyanonA parAjayane kAraNe uttara IrAnamAM pAchA vasavAnI IrAnIonI zakyatA upara pANI pharI vaLyuM. TUMkamAM Araba vepArIonA parzIyana galphanA vepAra upara vadhatAM jatA prabhAvane kAraNe ho2majanA IrAnIone pUrva tarapha eTale ke bhAratanA pazcimanA dariyAkinAre sthaLAMtara karavAnI pharaja paDI. bhArata ane IrAna vacce prAcIna samayathI ja dhaniSTa vepArI saMbaMdho hatA. pUrvamAM bhArata ja nahi cheka cIna sudhI IrAna dariyAI mArge vepArathI joDAyeluM hatuM. IrAnIo ahIMnA 'banIyA' rAjAonI udAra ane sahiSNu nItithI paricita hatA. bhArata ane IrAnanI prajAnA pUrvajo eka ja bhASAkuLanA hatA. jethI banne prajAonI sAMskRtika bAbatomAM khAsa karIne dharmanA tattvajJAna ane dhArmika vidhividhAnomAM ghaNI samAnatA hatI. A samAnatA paNa IrAnIo dvArA bhAratanI pasaMdagI karavAnuM mahattvanuM kAraNa banI. TUMkamAM Araba AkramaNanA pracalita kAraNa uparAMta Arthika paribaLoe IrAnIonA sthaLAMtara pAchaLa mahattvano bhAga bhajavyo hato te pustaka uparathI spaSTa thAya che. horamajhathI IrAnIo gujarAtanAM saMjANa, dIva, khaMbhAta tathA koMkaNanA thAne, caula, kalyANa vagere jagyAoe vividha samUhomAM UtaryA. saMjANa baMdare Utarelo samUha saMkhyAnI dRSTie moTo hovAne kAraNe lokakathAomAM vadhu pracalita thayo haze. A samUhomAM mukhyatve vepArIono samAveza thato hato. uparAMta kheDUto, kArIgaro tathA dharmaguruo paNa bhAratanA pazcima kinAre AvIne vasyA. sthaLAMtaranA samaya aMge itihAsakAromAM aneka mato che. prastuta pustakamAM vividha dastAvejono AdhAra ApI A sthaLAMtaro 7mI sadInA aMta bhAgathI zarU thaI 8mI sadI sudhI cAlyAM haze tema darzAvavAmAM AvyuM che. 'kisse' ane anya Anuzravika vRttAMto mujaba AvanArA IrAnI samUhanuM netRtva dharmaguruoe karyuM haze. 'kisse' 16mI sadImAM lakhAyuM hatuM. te samaye pArasI koma uparanA dharmaguruonA prabhAvane dhyAnamAM rAkhI pathika traimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 - 51 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kisse'mAM dharmaguruone vizeSa mahattva apAyuM hoya te svAbhAvika che. lekhikAoe pustakanA aneka AdhAro ApI vepArIonuM varcasva paNa hoI zake te aMgenI dalIlo karI che. A dalIlo mujaba horamajha baMdare vasanArA moTAbhAganA IrAnIo vepAra sAthe saMkaLAyelA hatA. eka anuzruti mujaba pArasI vaDAe dUdhamAM sonAno sikko nAkhIne zAsakane tenA rAjayanI Arthika samRddhi vadhAravAno saMdeza Apyo hato, je AvanArA samUhanuM netRtva vepArIoe lIdhuM haze te zakyatAne majabUta banAve che. banne pakSone jANanAra koI vepArIe zAsaka ane AgaMtuko vacce madhyasthInI bhUmikA bhajavI hoya ane tethI bhASAno aMtarAya Ubho na thayo hoya te zakyatA paNa pustakamAM darzAvavAmAM AvI che. 'kisse-saMjANa' anusAra IrAnIonA Agamana samaye saMjANamAM jAdI-rANA nAmano zAsaka hato. prastuta pustakamAM tenA vaMza vizenI hakIkatonI aitihAsika AdhAro sAthe carcA karavAmAM AvI che. kisse-saMjANa tathA anya Anugravika vRttAMtomAM sthAnika zAsaka ane AgaMtuka IrAnIo vaccenA saMvAda aMge aneka kathAo pracalita che. te mujaba pArasIoe dUdhanA kaTorAmAM sAkara nAkhIne pote saraLatAthI sthAnika prajAjanomAM bhaLI jaze tevo saMdezo mokalAvyo hato. tenA javAbamAM zAsake IrAnIone temanA dharmanA svAtaMtrya sAthe potAnA rAjyamAM vasavAnI anumati ApI. kisse mujaba zasake IrAnIo samakSa nIce mujabanI zarato mUkI hatI. (1) IrAnIoe parziyana bhASA choDI prAdezika bhASA apanAvavI. (2) IrAnI sIoe potAno paheraveza choDI prAdezika paheraveza apanAvavo. (3) puruSoe temanAM zastro rAjayane sopI devAM. (4) lagnanI vidhi samaye nIkaLatuM saraghasa rAtre kADhavuM, jethI sthAnika lokonuM te pratye dhyAna kheMcAtuM rokI zakAya. (5) pArasI dharmagurue rAjAne potAnA dharmanAM vividha pAsAMothI paricita karAvavAno raheze. IrAnIyanoe A zaratone svIkArI potAnI bhASA ane paheraveza tyAgI prAdezika bhASA ane paheraveza apanAvyAM. potIkI paraMparAo jALavI rAkhIne anukUlana sAdhavAnI A prakriyA uttarouttara vikasatI gaI. eTaluM ja nahi 18mI ane 19mI sadImAM A prajA. gujarAtI bhASAnA sAhitya ane patrakAratvamAM mahattvanuM yogadAna ApatI jaNAya che. vepArI mULiyAM dharAvatA IrAnIo vepArathI dhamadhamatA dakSiNa gujarAta tathA koMkaNanA dariyAkinArAnAM baMdaroe vasyA. vaLI dakSiNa gujarAtanI rasALa bhUmi aneka jAtanAM phaLo-phUlonI khetI mATe anukULa hatI. khetI ane vepAranI A sAnukULatAe AgaMtukone Arthika vikAsanI aneka tako pUrI pADI. pArasIoe dakSiNa gujarAtanA saMjANa, navasArI, bharUca, aMkalezvara, bIlImorA vagere sthaLoe vasAhato sthApI. pustakamAM vasAhatIonA je te sthaLanA AgamanathI mAMDIne vartamAna samayanI sthiti vizenuM vigatavAra varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. saMjANamAM vaselA pArasIoe zarUAtamAM phanI ane tADanI khetIno, to keTalAke kArIgarIno vyavasAya apanAvyo. pAchaLathI teo potAnI paraMparAgata vepArI pravRttimAM joDAyA. navasArI ane suratanA pArasIo temanA bATA' ane 'tanachoI kApaDanA vaNATakAma, bharatakAma ane vepAra mATe khUba jANItA hatA. bharUca, navasArI, surata jevA zahero tathA gaNadevI jevA karabAomAM pArasI vaNakaro dvArA moTe pAye A kApaDanuM vaNATakAma thatuM. pArasI strIo dvArA kApaDa upara thatuM bharatakAma tenI pathika tramAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 p para For Private and Personal Use Only

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kalAtmakatA mATe jANItuM hatuM. yuropiyana peDhIo A kApaDanI moTe pAye kharIdAra hatI. bharUca blIciMga ane DAIga mATe jANItuM hatuM. bharUca najIka AvelA jaMbusaramAM gaLInuM moTe pAye utpAdana thatuM. AgrA ane lakhanauthI bharUcamAM kalIka blIca mATe AvatuM. surata vahANo bAMdhavAnA tathA vahANanA samArakAma mATe jANItuM hatuM. suratamAM vaselA ghaNA pArasIo A udyogamAM agresara hatA. bharUcanA pArasIo paNa vahANo bAMdhatA hatA ane dariyAI vepAramAM upayogI evAM vahANonI mAlikI dharAvatA hatA. AjubAjunA nAnA kasbAomAMthI bharUcamAM aneka khetapedAzo vecAvA AvatI ane bharUcathI yuropiyana dezomAM vecAvA jatI. aMkalezvarathI mAkhaNa AvatuM. ane yuropiyana vahANomAM jatuM. yuropiyanonI breDanI mAMge bharUcamAM bekarI udyogano pAyo nAkhyo. 1623 mAM eka aMgreje bharUcamAM pahelI bekarInI zarUAta karI hatI. pachIthI pArasIo ane muslimo A udyogamAM agresara hatA. bharUca ane bIlImorAnA pArasIo lAkaDAnI nikAsa sAthe paNa joDAyelA hatA. aneka pravAsIonI pravAsanoMdho ane jamInanA kharIda-vecANanA dastAvejono AdhAra ApIne lekhikAoe pArasIonI Arthika samRddhinuM vigatavAra varNana karyuM che. samRddha pArasIo dhIradhArano dhaMdho paNa karatA. noMdhapAtra saMkhyAmAM pArasIoe talATI, paTela, desAI jevA mahesUla ugharAvavA aMgenA mahattvanA vahIvaTI hoddAo para pharaja bajAvI hatI. pustaka anusAra saMjANa, navasArI, surata, muMbaI jevA zaheronA Arthika vikAsamAM pArasIonuM noMdhapAtra yogadAna che. laghumatImAM rahelA pArasIono saltanatakALanA zAsako sAtheno anubhava bahumatI prajAthI judo na hato. pArasIone paNa A zAsakonI kaTTaratAno bhoga banavuM paDela. saMjANanA pArasIo mahaMmada tughalakanA samayamAM elaphakhAnano, navasArInA pArasIo alAudIna khalajInA samayamAM ulughakhAnanI asahiSNu nItino bhoga banyA hatA. saltanatakALanA sAhityakAra amIra khuzaroe lakhyuM che ke "pArasIonA lohIthI gujarAtano dariyAkinAro UbharAto hato." mughala zAsananI sthApanAthI gujarAtanI rAjakIya sthiratA ane zAMti pAchAM AvyAM. vividha dharmonuM rahasya samajavA ati tatpara evA mughala bAdazAha akabaranA pArasIo sAthenA saMbaMdho khUba uSmAbharyA hatA. komisariyeTanA mata mujaba akabaranA IrAna sAthenA ghaniSTa kauTuMbika saMbaMdhone kAraNe akabara anya dharmonI tulanAmAM jarathostI dharma sAthe vadhu nikaTatA anubhavato hato. pustakamAM A aMgenA aneka udAharaNo ApavAmAM AvyAM che. pustakanA AThamA prakaraNamAM pArasIonA sAmAjika ane dhArmika rItarivAjo ane paraMparAonuM vigatavAra varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. pArasIoe bhAratamAM vasyA bAda mAtRbhUmi IrAnanA jarathostI dharmanA anuyAyIo sAthe AdAna-pradAnanI prakriyA cAlu rAkhelI: bhArata ane IrAnanA jarathostI dharma pALanArA vacceno patravyavahAra revAyata' tarIke jANIto che, je prAraMbhika samayanI pArasIonI sAmAjika-dhArmika bAbato jANavAnuM agatyanuM sAdhana che. A prakaraNamAM pArasIonI mULa paraMparAo ane samaya sAthe temAM Avela parivartanono dhArmika vidhividhAno ane tenI pAchaLa rahelI mULabhUta bhAvanAono vigatavAra khyAla ApavAmAM Avyo che. 19mI sadI bhAratamAM punaH jAgaraNanI sadI tarIke pratiSThita che. pArasIo upara paNa A AMdolanano vyApaka prabhAva paDyo che. pArasI samAja ane dharmamAM pesI gayelA kurivAjo ane aMdhazraddhAne dUra karavA sthapAyelI vividha saMsthAo ane tenI kAmagIrInuM varNana pustakamAM vistArathI karavAmAM AvyuM che. briTiza zAsane bhAratamAM aMgrejI keLavaNI dAkhala karI. A keLavaNIe aneka bhAratIyone yuropanA lokazAhI, svataMtratA ane rASTravAdanA vicArothI prabhAvita karyA. je vicAroe bhAratamAM svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanAM bIja ropyAM. bhAratamAM kAMgresanI sthApanAthI mAMDIne AjhAdInI prApti sudhInA svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanA dareka tabakkAmAM aneka pArasIoe mahattvanuM yogadAna ApyuM che. dAdAbhAI navarojI, bhIkhAIjI kAmA, mIThuMbena peTITa, pathika trimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 2004 [ 53 For Private and Personal Use Only

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phirojazAha mahetA vagerenAM nAmo temAM AgaLa paDatAM che. keMgresanI sthApanA pachInA prAraMbhika tabakkAmAM dAdAbhAI navarojI, phirojazAha mahetA jevA pArasIono svAtaMtrya saMgrAma upara prabhAva hato. pAchaLathI 1893mAM lokamAnya tilaka jevA hiMdu punarutthAnavAdIoe hiMdu dharma sAthe saMkaLAyelA saMketono rASTrIya caLavaLamAM upayoga karIne hiMduone saMgaThita karavAno prayAsa karyo. tilake gaNapati utsava ane zivAjI utsavanI ujavaNInA paraMparAgata svarUpane badalI nAkhIne rASTravAdanI bhAvanAne uttejita karavAno prayAsa karyo. pustaka anusAra Ane kAraNe muslimonI sAthe laghumatImAM rahelA pArasIo paNa svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanI caLavaLamAMthI thoDe ghaNe aMze vimukha banyA. rAjakIya rIte sakriya kAvasajI jahAMgIre vAIsaroyane pArasIonA hitanuM khAsa dhyAna rAkhavA arajI karI hatI, eka anya rAjakIya rIte sakriya saMsthA "muMbaI phrIDama grupe' pArasIo paNa bhAratIyo ja hovAthI temane khAsa prakAranA rakSaNanI jarUra nathI - tevo mata vyakta kayo hato. AjhAdI pachI paNa phiroja gAMdhI, homI tAlayerakhAna, mInu masAnI, homI modI, pIlu modI jevA aneka pArasIoe rAjakAraNamAM sakriya bhAga bhajavyo hato. AjhAdI pahelAM koMgresa sAthe nahIM rahenArA pArasIo AjhAdI pachI UbhA thayelA bhAratanA navA rAjakIya mALakhAne saMpUrNa vaphAdAra rahyA che. pustakanA chellA prakaraNamAM pArasIo muMbaI zaheranA vikAsanA mazAlacI kaI rIte banyA teno vigatavAra citAra Apyo che. pArasIo jarathostI dharma pALe che, jenA sthApaka aSo jarathuSTra vahema, aMdhazraddhA, jAdUmaMtara vagereno virodha karI ahuramajhadanI pUjA dvArA ekezvaravAdano pracAra karyo. agni e ahuramajhadanI divya zaktinuM pratIka che. pArasIo temanAM maMdiromAM agnine satata saLagato rAkhe che. pArasIoe I. sa. 71ra ke 7 prathama saMjANamAM pavitra agninI sthApanA karI. je IrAnazAhanA nAmathI jANIto che. tughaluka zAsana daramiyAna saMjANamAM muslimonuM AkramaNa thatAM pArasIo IrAnazAhane laI baherAnanI TekarIomAM chupAyA. tyAMthI vAMsadA gayA. tyAM 14 varSa rokAyA. tyAMthI cAMgA AzA nAmanA AgevAna pArasInA netRtva heThaLa IrAnazAhane vAjate gAjate navasArI lavAyo. hAlamAM te valasADa jillAnA udavADA khAte jovA maLe che. pustakamAM judI judI vasAhatonAM agni maMdironI vigato ApavAmAM AvI che. mAtRbhUmi choDI svadharmanA rakSaNa arthe bhAratamAM vaselA pArasI samAja upara dharmaguruonuM varcasva hoya te svAbhAvika che. pustakamAM dharmaguruonA pArasI samAja uparanA prabhAva tathA IrAnamAM rahelA jarathostIonA dharmaguruonA ane bhAratanA pArasIonA dharmaguruo vaccenA saMbaMdhanI paNa vistArathI carcA karavAmAM AvI che. pustakanuM eka anya uttama pAsuM che tenA phoTogrApharsa. pustakamAM aneka pArasI mahAnubhavo, dokhamA, saMjANamAM jayAM prathamavAra pArasIo UtaryA te jagyAnI durlabha tasavIro ApavAmAM AvI che. prAmANita dastAvejone AdhAre saMzodhana karIne lakhAyeluM A pustaka mAtra itihAsa-premIo mATe ja nahi paNa sAmAnya rasikajanane paNa upayogI thaze temAM koI zaMkA nathI. pathika vaimAsika - eprila-me-jUna, 204 54 For Private and Personal Use Only

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tramAsika : eprila-me-jUna, 2004 BOOK-POST pathika Printed Matter TO, - AjIvana sabhya 298 Do. rAmajIbhAi ThAkarazI sAvaliyA e-4, yajJapurUSanagara, karmacArI nagara sAme, rannApArka, dhATaloDiyA, emadAvAda - 380 06 1 ravAnA : pathika kAryAlaya C/o. bho. je. vidyAbhavana, eca. ke. kaoNleja kempasa, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-380009 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir