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1. Naigama naya
Pantoscopic or Conventional approach- Both generic and particularistic meaning is derived from the first approach and has reference to the use of a word in the sense of convention. This is nothing but the usual acceptation of a world understood by the people speaking in common dialect. Nigam is a way of understanding meaning, which takes stock of both the general and particular aspect of a word. It is generic gum particularistic in approach in succession. Here intended act is given out as the actual fact. Person lighting the stove when asked what he is doing he would say he is cooking. Intention of the speaker is understood & his speech is not considered as false. 2. Samgraha Naya - Synthetic approach
The unitized apprehension of the common character is called synthetic approach. Taking under one class when I say "cows are form legged animals' it is understood for whole of its class. In respect of their common character. Here the meaning is derived through the assertion of the unity and the identity of all things in disregard of their variation and differences. 3. Vyavahāra Naya- Analytic approach
The systematic differentiation of the synthetic class concepts is analytic approach. Here we understand the meanings in isolation with other objects. 4. Rjusūtra Naya - Direct approach
The way of observation, which takes the cognizance of immediate, present meaning, practically blind to the antecedent and subsequent aspects, is called as straight or direct approach. It is purely particularistic in approach.
The remaining last three naya are related to the derivation of meaning from the different aspects of words, therefore, are verbalistic approaches. 5. Sabda Naya- approach to words
Where meaning is understood with the entitative difference of things on the basis of distinction of tense, gender, number etc. The terms with different number and gender cannot be identical. They are different as
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