Studies in Jainology Prakrit Literature and Languages

Author(s): B K Khadabadi
Publisher: Prakrit Bharti Academy

Page 38

Studies in linoleat lakrit
in self-restraint, needed for the sustenance and consolidation of the already adopted vows est rules of conduci. Morcover, the vow of Sallckhana (Emaciation of body and passions and voluntary submission du death), which is compulsory for monks and optional for householders and which froms the summit of the two-fold Ethical Discipline, almost hinges on Samyama itsell in its sublime spirit.
Going a little deeper, we find that some of the vows or virtucs like parigraha-parimāna-vrata (putting limitation to one's possession of material objects) hold out the requirement and benefit of Saniyama on socio-cconomic plane. So also docs anekānta (1hc Doctrine of Non-absolutistic way of Approach) on the plane of though. The virtue of ahimsā (non- violence or non-hurting), which forms the superb factor in the Jaina Ethical Discipline, and which is also known as the fundamental Doctrinc in Jainism, rather breathes Samvamit throughout Not only that, it is Samyama itsell. 'The Praśnavyakarana - sutra (the tenth Anga of the Archamagadhi Canon, Ch. VI, S.21) cnumerates Satyama as the 40th of the 60 synonyms of ahinsä. Several Jaina Canonical and non- canonical works like the Mularadhanā, Upasākādlyayana etc. characterise the Jaina Faith as dahavihadhammo or dasalaksanadharmah (Religious faith comprising ten-fold characteristics or moralities), wherein Samyama forms the 6th characteristic-morality. In such works, the monk or ascetic, who is expecteu o cultivate sell-restraint rigourously for the maintenance of the enjoined virtues of rules of conduct, is called Samyamī, Samjamī, Samyata, Samjaya etc., (Vide the Uttarādhyayana-sutra Ch. XXII, whcrin Rahanemi is called Samyata (Samjaya) and Rajímatī Samyatā (Samjaya). The Aupapātika-sūtra uses the term Samyama (Samjaya) to denote the Code of Conduct of the layınan. Morcover, Samyama, which forms one of the householder's.
6 Daily Duties, is interpreted by Ācārya Jinasena and his followers, as 'Duly carrying out the 5 Small Vows'.
Lastly, to bring out the be-all and end-all nature of Samyama