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śramaņa, Vol 56, No. 1-6/January-June 2005
formula for happiness. Thus, if we reduce the number of desired objects, Si, we would be more content and happy.
(g) Spiritual Mathematics
In order to effect better H or C, the Jaina saints have advised to follow many primary and secondary vows. During practicing these vows, the aspirant learns about the specific spiritual mathematics where the sum of qualities results in the multiple of the qualities in effect in individual, social and spiritual levels. This could be expressed in three formulae as below:
(i) Non-violence, N1 + Non-absolutism, N2 + Nonpossessions, N3 = N).N2.N3.
(ii) Sweating, S1 + Self-sufficiency, S2 + Sameness, S3 = S1.S2.S3
(iii)Right (Knowledge, K + Faith, F + Conduct, C) = Right (K. F. C).
(h) The Theory of Karma
Karmavāda is the important theory of Jainism. It is one of the most scientific, philosophical and psychological theory which is capable 01: (i) giving strength to bear the worldly strains (ii) reducing the number and intensity of pains and (iii) encouraging to work towards better future. It is an old form of the law of cause and effect which has been verified by the psychologists in terms of relationship, between stimulants, S and effects, R in medium ranges through a formula:
S = K in R
which indicates that specific stimulants (physical, vocal or psychical emotions etc. or karmas) of internal or external nature have specific effects. Normally, karmas are said to be a form of fine but strong force, whose bonding effects our actions and normal life. Of course, this is not a complete formula as there are many other factors affecting the results. However, research could be undertaken to improve and verify this formula on karma theory at least on the physical and chemical effects caused by different passions.
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