Sahrdayaloka Part 02

Author(s): Tapasvi Nandi
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad

Page 22

Vyañjanā
577 Durga comments : "artha-parijñānakalā hi vāg ity abhiprāyaḥ. Another hymn also lauds the collection of meaning - (R.G. 8/2/24/4)
"utá tvam sakhyé sthirapītam āhur náinam hinvanty ápi vājineșu, ádhenvā carati māyáyaisá
vācam susruvám aphalám apuspām.” Durga has - artham vācaḥ puspaphalam āha. etc. These hymns are read in Nirukta also, and therefore Durga is referred to. There is yet another hymn (R.G. X. 71.2), wherein it is observed -
"saktum iva titaunā punanto yatra dhīrā manasā vācam akrata. atrā sakhāyā sakhyāni jānate
bhadraiņām lakṣmir nihitādhi vāci.” "Winnowing away the chaff from the grain” the poets select their words. Only men of equal scholarship and literary taste can fully appreciate their poems.
Thus the vedic poet is aware of the inner significance of language.
Coming to the grammarians, Mīmāmsakas and Naivāvikas it may be observed that they were concerned only with the scientific use of language and certainly not the emotive use of it. Hence, it is natural that we do not come across any clear reference to or appreciation of the vangya or suggested sense. We will quote from Dr. Saroja Bhate who observes in her paper on, "vyañjanā as reflected in the formal structure of language” (Ref. “Glimpses of Ancient Indian Poetics”, pp. 91-96, Edited by Sudhakar Pandey and V. N. Jha, - Shri. Garib Dass Oriental Series, No. 166, Sri Sadguru Publications, A division of Indian Book Centre - Delhi-India) - certain facts.
But prior to this, let us see what Yāska has to say about vyañjanā or dyotana.
Talking about upasargas Yāska observes : (Nirukta I. i) “na nirbaddhāḥ upasargā arthān nirāhur iti śākatayano, nāmā”khyātayos tu karmópasamyogadyotakā bhavanty, uccāvacāḥ padárthā bhavantīti gārgyas tad ya eșu padárthaḥ prāhur ime, tan nāmárthayor artha-vikaraṇam.”