Niyamsara

Author(s): Kundkundacharya, Uggar Sain
Publisher: ZZZ Unknown

Page 25

8
THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS.
(b) Scriptural-knowledge. Knowledge derived from the reading or hearing of Scriptures, or through an object known by Sensitive knowledge.
(c) Visual knowledge. Direct knowledge of matter, in varying degrees, having reference to the subject matter (Dravya), space (Kshetra), time (Kála), and quality (Bháva).
(d) Mental knowledge. Direct knowledge of another's mental activity about matter.
Knowledge, thus, is divided into eight kinds:
1. Perfect or Natural knowledge. 2. Right Sensitive knowledge.
3. Wrong Sensitive knowledge. 4. Right Scriptural knowledge. 5. Wrong Scriptural knowledge.
6. Right Visual knowledge.
7. Wrong Visual knowledge. 8. Mental knowledge.
ang mag alâ fafquià «fu¿ famarâfèziâ i ¶meùì gîâecât aquàzeì a fucàzeì || 28 ||
1
चक्षुरचक्षुरवधयस्तिस्रोऽपि भणिता विभावदृष्टिरिति । पर्यायो द्विविकल्पः स्वपरापेक्षश्च निरपेक्षः ॥ १४ ॥
14. Non-natural conation is said to be of three kinds: Ocular (Chakshu Darshana).
Non-ocular (Achakshu Darshana) and visual (AvadhiDarshana).
Modification (is) of two kinds, irrelative (natural, Svabháva Paryaya) and relative to itself and others (i. e., Nonnatural, Vibháva paryaya).
Commentary,
In Ocular conation Chakshu Darshana,) the object is visible undefinedly.
In Non-ocular conation (Achakshu Darshana) the object is undefinedly tangible to the other four senses and to the (quasi-sense) mind.
In Visual conation (Avadhi Darshana,) there is direct tangibility of material substances just preceding their knowledge, without the assistance of the senses and mind.