Life in Ancient India as Depicted in Jain Canons

Author(s): Jagdishchandra Jain
Publisher: New Book Company

Page 33

THE CANONS OF THE JAINS
CHAPTER II
THE CANONS OF THE JAINS
CLASSIFICATION OF THE CANONS
Suyanāna or scriptural knowledge, otherwise known as Siddhānta or Agama consists of the twelve Angas, twelve Upangas, ten Painnas, six Chcda Sūtras, Nandi and Anuyoga and four Müla Sūtrast. These scriptures form thc canon of the Svetāmbaras alone and are disowned by the Digambaras Out of this subsidiary canonical literature with the exception of the Angas, the lists and the titles of the texts are not always uniform The number of the Painnās, for instance, is very indefinite and varies to a great extent. Sometimes Nandi, Anuyogadāra and Pañcakappa are placed at the head of the Painnās. The traditional number of books in the Siddhānta is forty five (Drstivāda being lost), but the number of texts mentioned in various places varies between forty five and fifty.'
1 (1) The Twelve Angas (1) Ayarānga Sutta (Ācārānga Sutra), (2) Süyagadanga (Satrakrtänga), (3) Thánānga (Sthānanga), (4) Samavāyānga , (5) Bhagavati or Viāhapannaltı (VyẼkhy@prayũapt), (6) Nāyādhammakahāo (Jiatādharmakathāh), (7) Uvāsagadasão (Upāsakadasăh), (8) Antagadadasão (Antakıddasāh), (9) Anuttarovavāiyadasão (Anuttaraupapātu kadasah), (10) Panhavāgaranāım (Prasnavyākaranāni), (11) Vivāgasuyam (Vipākaśrutam), (12) Ditthuvaya (Drstivāda)
(11). The twelve Upāngas (Urangas) or "secondary limbs' (1) Ovāıya or Uvavāsya (Aupa. pātika), (2) Rāyapasebalja or Rāyapasenaiya (Rājaprasniya), (3) Jivābhagama, (4) Pan. navadā (Prajñāpanā), (5) Sūrapannattı or Sinyapannatu (Suryaprajñaptı), (6) Jambuddivapannatt (Jambudvipaprajñapti), (7) Candapannath (Candraprajnaptı), (8) Niryāvali, (9) Kappavadamsıão (Kalpāva tamsıkāh), (10) Pupphião (Puspikah), (11) Pupphacūlião (Puspacũlıkāh), (12) Vaphidasão (Vredidasāh)
(111) The len Painnās (Prakirnas) or "Scalled greces" (1) Causara Da (Catuhśarara) by Virabhadra , (2) Āurapaccakkhāna (Āturapratyākhyāna), (3) Bhattaparinnā (Bhaktaparijfia), (4) Samthara (Samstara), (5) Tandulavey ăliya (Tandulavartālıka), (6) Canda vijjhaya, (7) Devindatthaya (Devendrastava), (8) Ganivilja (Gantidyā), (9) Mahāpaccalbhāna (Mahāpratyākhyāna), (10) Vīratthaa (Virastava)
(1) The six Cheya sultas (Cheda Sūtras) (1) Nisiha (Nisītha), (2) Mahānisiha (Mahinisitha), (3) Vavahāra (Vyavahāra), (4) Ayātadasão (Acaradasāh) or Dasāsuyakkhandha (Dasāšrutaskandha), (5) Kappa (Kalpa or Brhathalpa), (6) Pancakappa (Paricakalpa) Instead of the last-named the Jiyakappa (Jītahalpa) by Jinabhadia is also mentioncd
(v) Indizidual texts (1) Nandı or Nandı Sutta (Nandı Sūtra), (2) Anuogadāra (Anu. yogadvāra).
(0) The four Müla Sullas (Müla Sūtras) (1) Uttarajjhaya (Uttarādlıyāyah) or Utta. raphayana (Uttaradhyayana), (2) Avassaya (Avasyaha), (3) Dasaveyālıya (Dasavaikālıka); (4) Pinda Nijutti (Pinda Niryulu) The third and fourth Mila Súlras are also someumes given as Oha Nijuiti (Ogha Niryuktı) and Pahklu (Pāksika Sutra), and sometimes the Pinda Nuutu and Oha Nuutti appcar in the list of the Cheya Suttas (vide Winternitz History of Indian Literature, Vol II, P 42811). Cf also Nandı (Su 431 ) where the canonical works are divided into Angas and Angabāhırijas (texts standing outside the Angas) or Angapanffha (belonging to the Angas) and Anangaparıstha (not belonging to the Ingas). The formci is further divided into twelve Angas or Ďiadasänga also known as Gananduga The latter is divided into Avassaya and Avassayat'arritta The former is sub divided into six whereas the latter into two, viz. (1) Kālıya and (2) Urhälıya. The Kaliya and Ukūlva have various divisions, out of which large number of works are not available at present
cr the list of the eighty four Agamas consisting of 11 angas, 12 Urangas, 5 Cheya sultas, 3 Mula sultas, 30 Painnagas, 2 Culiya sultas, Pahkhiya sutla, Khamana sutta, Vanduttu sutta, Isibhāsiya, Paljosanakappa, Ti yakappa, Fauji yakappa, Saddhaji yakappa, 10 Nujutlis, Penda. Ntijutt, Samsálla Nuutti and Visesävassaya Bhasa (H. R. Kapadia, The Canoncal Literature of the Jainas, p38).