Indian Antiquary Vol 44

Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple, Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarkar
Publisher: Swati Publications

Page 14

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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY
(JANUARY, 1915.
CHAPTER VI.
PRONOUNS. $83. The first personal pronoun is mostly met under the form hd, which is but a contraction of phai <Skt. ahakam. The Apabhrapça uncontracted form, however, is also found in the MSS. P., Up., Şast. The weak form hữ of the Modern Gujarati is also common (Çil., Yog., Dag.,F 535, F 663), though in many cases it is no doubt erroneously written for h. Modern Marwâțî has retained ha, but Gujarâtî, which, as already remarked, has a strong tendency to prefer the weak forms in ou to the strong ones in au > 2, has adopted hi. In poetry (P. 118, 641, 650, etc.), an emphatic form hia or hüya is tu bu met with. The instrumental-agentive form is mai (Kal., P., Çra., Up.) as in the Apabhramca (< Skt. maya). In the Modern Mârwâri, this form has come to be used as a general oblique form. For the genitive-oblique case there are two sets of forins, viz. : 1) mujha (Rs, P., F 783), majha (Ratn.) (> Guj. maja), which is from Ap. majjhu < Skt. mahyam, and 2) mi (Adic.), mo (ibid.), müha (P., Şast.), of which the two former are from Ap. * mahu <Skt. mahyam, and the latter is probably from Ap. *mahuha, a redundant combination of the simple genitive mahu with the genitive termination -ha. Cf. the form tujjhaha, which occurs in the Apabhramca (See Pischel's Materialien zur Kenntniss des Apabhrança, xxxv). The latter set is chiefly used before postpositions. P. 30 there occurs a genitive form muhi, used in the meaning of the dative quite in the same way as in the dialects further in the East. Modern Gujarati and Mârwâți have curtailed mahu to ma, mha. No instances of other inflectional cases are available in the singular. The possessive genitive forms are: maharaü and, rarely, máhárai (F 580, F 722), from Ap. maharaü (See 848) < Skt. * mahakaryakah (Pischel's Prakr. Gr., $ 434); quite exceptional are meraü (F 608) and moraü (F 694), both of which seem to point to the East and bear an analogy to the Braja and Bundelt oblique forms mo, me. Gujarati and Marwârî have mdro, mharo. Agreeably to the general remark made $ 65, the locative maharaj, Oral of the possessive genitive is commonly employed to give the sense of the dative case (Ratn., P., Adi., F 783). From the genitive-oblique the following cases are formed periphrastically: majha-nai (dat., Ratn, 319), mujha-nai (aco., P. 210), majha-rahai (gen., Kal. 6), mi-nai (dat., Adic.), müha-nai (aco., dat., P., Şaşt.), mo-naï (acc., dat., Adic.) etc.
$84. For the plural, the nominative-accusative form is amhe, as in the Apabhramce: (< Skt. asme). The finale being commonly oncidered as short, the word is often written amhi (Vi., P., etc.) Gujarati and Maryârî have ame and mhe, me respectively. The genitive-oblique - form is amha ( > Guj. ama), which is also identical with Prakrit and Apabhramçu amha, amhaha < Skt. asmakam. The Apabhramça entire form amhaha has been preserved in amha, which occurs in the MS. Adic., and is the prototype of Marwari mha. P. 489 amha is used for the accusative. The form amhô, which had been hitherto known only for its being mentioned by Prakrit Grammarians, occurs twice in P., namely onco in the meaning of a genitive (546), and the other time in the meaning of a nominative (404). It-still survives in Modern Gujarati amo. The possessive genitive is amharaü ( > Guj. amaro, Marw, mhâro, nåro), from Ap. amháraü < Skt. *asmatkâryakuh, and it has a locative amharai, oral, which is used for the dative. Another dative is formed periphrastically : amha-naï (P., Adic.)