History of Canonical Literature of Jainas

Author(s): Hiralal R Kapadia, Nagin J Shah
Publisher: Prakrit Text Society Ahmedabad

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THE CANONICAL LITERATURE OF THE JAINAS Cūliyāsutta - This is a designation used for only two works Nandi and Anuögaddārā. Cūlikāsūtra is its Samskrta equivalent. How this name has arisen is not clear. Does it mean that these works are as it were appendages to the fundamental works and hence they are so named ?
I do not know of any source of sufficient antiquity that employs this terminology for these two works. The earliest work I can point out at present is An Epitome of Jainism? (p. 692 & Appendix C, p. xxxvii) by Nahar and Ghosh, Published in A.D. 1919.
This finishes a rough survey of the main types of classifications of the Āgamas. So I shall now try to classify them from other stand-points. To begin with, I may group them according to the specific anuyoga they are associated with. Of course such a state of affairs did not exist prior to the time of Ārya Raksita Sūri. It is this Sūri who on seeing that his pupil Puspamitra found it difficult to remember all the four anuyogas2 associated with the Āgamas, divided them into four groups according to the anuyoga with which they were mainly concerned. On this basis we learn that the first 11 Angas and Dasaveyāliya are associated with caraṇakaraṇānuyoga; Uttarajjhayana and Isibhāsiya with dharmakathānuyoga; Sürapannatti, Jambuddīvapannatti and the like with ganitānuyoga; and the Puvvagaya with dravyānuyoga. This information is incomplete; for, several scriptures are left out. It is however possible to fix the particular anuyoga in their case, too. Consequently instead of doing so, I shall define the four anuyogas. Caranakaranānuyoga takes into
1. Herein in Appendix C, pp. XXXVII-XXXVIII over and above the names of 45
Agamas, those of 36 works known as Jaina Nigamas or Upanisads are given. 2. The earliest source mentioning the 4 anuyogas seems to be the Nijjutti on
Dasaveyāliya. The pertinent verses are as under: "सुयनाणे अणुओगेणाहिगयं सो चउब्विहो होइ । चरणकरणाणुओगे धम्मे काले य दविए य ॥३॥ अपुहुत्तपुहुत्ताई निद्दिसिउं एत्थ होइ अहिगारो । चरणकरणाणुयोगेण तस्स दारा इमे होन्ति ॥४॥" In the Cunni (p. 2) on this Nijjutti, we have : “सो य चउब्विहो, तं जहा-चरणकरणाणुयोगो, धम्माणुयोगो, गणियाणुयोगो, दव्वाणुओगो."
There are ten types of daviyāņuoga, see - Thāna (s. 727). 3. Cf. चरणकरणाणुयोगो णाम कालियसुयं, धम्माणुयोगो इसिभासियाई उत्तरज्झयणादि, गणिणा(?)णुयोगो सूरपण्णति
vigetayuuffit pahifa, aforement une fefgart" - Dasaveyāliyacunni (p. 2)