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COMPARISON AND EVALUATION
science, and the Jaina pontiffs1 have pointed out its various intricacies.2 Panhāvāgaraṇa (s. 21) mentions 60 synonyms of ahimsa and 30 of himsa
in s. 2.
Maxims-It is but natural that in works dealing with religion and ethics, one can easily come across maxims apopthegms (subhāṣitas). In the canonical literature we find a lot of them. Mr. G. J. Patel has singled out some of them in his following works :
1. महावीरस्वामीनो आचारधर्म [जैन आगम 'आचारांग 'नो छायानुवाद ]
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225
2. महावीरस्वामीनो संयमधर्म [जैन आगम 'सूत्रकृतांग 'नो छायानुवाद] 3. महावीरस्वामीनो अंतिम उपदेश ( श्री उत्तराध्ययनसूत्रनो छायानुवाद) 4. समीसांजनो उपदेश [ श्रीदशवैकालिकसूत्र ]
pp. 271-281. Pp. 138-146.
The following remark made by Prof. Winternitz in connection with the contents of Uttarajjhayana may be here noted:
pp. 193-203.
Pp. 241-250.
'We find here many sayings which excel in aptitude of comparison or pithiness of language. As in the Sutta-Nipata and the Dhammapada, some of these series of sayings are bound together by a common refrain."-A History of Indian Literature (vol. II, p. 467)
Metaphysics-It is a well-known fact that the theory of karman plays an important part in the Jaina metaphysics and ethics as well. It has engaged the attention of several Jaina authors who have developed it into a science. This has been possible in view of the various particulars pertaining to this theory being dealt with in the Agamas such as Thāna (II, 4; s. 105; IV, s. 268; & VIII; s. 596), Samavāya (s. 51, 52, 58, 69 & 97), Viahapannatti (I, 4, 1; VI, 3, 4-5; VI, 9, 1; & VIII, 10, 7), Kammapayaḍi-pahuḍa, the 8th Puvva, Pannavaṇā (XXIII-XXVII) and Uttarajjhayana (XXXIII).
Jain Education International
Logic-By logic I mean logic having only one category viz. pramāņa which, of course, touches upon other categories as far as they are necessary for its proper elaboration. Thus the doctrine of the nature and salvation of the soul has no direct place in this pure logic. So far as the Jainas are concerned, their logic deals with 3 topics viz. pramāṇa, naya
1. See Arhatadarśanadīpikā (pp. 835-849).
2.
See Viahapannatti (1, 8; 68), Dasaveyäliyanijjutti (v. 45) and Haribhadra Suri's com. (pp. 24-25) on this last work.
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