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COMPARISON AND EVALUATION
enumerates 6 expedients employed in a hostile debate or debate a l'outrance1, and it enumerates 10 defects of a debate.2 In Dasaveyāliyanijjutti (v. 137)3 are mentioned 10 members of a syllogism, and in v. 138-148 is given a demonstration of this syllogism as applied to ahimsa.
Syādvāda-Syādvāda having anekāntavāda etc., for its synonyms, is a key-note of Jainism. So it is no wonder, if we find several references pertaining to it in the canonical and non-canonical philosophical works of the Jainas. The word aneganta occurs in Mahānisiha as can be seen from its quotation in Upadeśaratnākara of Munisundara Suri (B. O. R. I., No. 1263 of 1884-87). The word siya (Sk. syat) is found in Jīvājīvābhigama (s. 125) and Aṇuogaddāra (s. 142), and the word syādvāda occurs in Hemacandra's com. (p. 266b) on Anuogaddāra. The origin and usage of syādvāda can be traced in Viahapannatti (V, 7, 1) where it is said: " परमाणुपोग्गले णं भंते एयति वेयति जाव तं तं भावं पण गोयमा । सिय एयति, वेयति जाव परिणमति, सिय णो यति जाव णो परिणयति". Another passage occurring in this Anga (s. 318) may be also noted : " जीवा नाणी वि अन्नाणी वि. 26
Saptabhangi-We notice the three fundamental bhangas which lead to seven on further investigation, in the following lines of the 5th Anga :
" गोयमा ! अप्पणो आदिट्ठे आया, परस्स आदिट्ठे नो आया, तदुभयस्स आदिट्ठे अवत्तव्वं आता य णो आताति य । "
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
227
6.
'छव्विहे विवादे पण्णत्ते, तं जहा — ओसक्कतित्ता, उस्सक्वइत्ता, अणुलोमइत्ता, पडिलोमइत्ता, भत्ता, भेलतित्ता ।" Thana (VI; s. 512)
" दसविहे दोसे पण्णत्ते, तं जहा
तुज्ञायदोसे, मइभंगदोसे, पसत्थारदोसे, परिहरणदोसे ।
सलक्खण- क्कारण हेउदोसे, संकामणं, निग्गह वत्थुदोसे ||" (X; s. 743)
"ते उ पइन्न विभत्ती हेउ विभत्ती विवक्ख पडिसेहो । दिहंतो आसंका तप्पडिसेहो निगमणं च ॥ १३७॥ | "
In v. 50, a syllogism having 5 members in referred to. These members appear to be the same as pratijñā, hetu, udāharaṇa, upanaya and nigamana mentioned in Gautama's Nyāyasūtra (I, i, 32).
For a tentative list of sources dealing with syādvāda see my introduction (pp. xixii) to Anekāntajayapatākā (vol. I) published with two commentaries. (G. O. S.) Cf. “आया पुण सिय णाणे, सिय अन्नाणे” – Anñga V. This is what is said in Jaina Sāhitya Samsodhaka (1, IV, p. 146). Here it is further stated that Mallavadin while quoting some lines from Anga V for explaining the nature of naya has quoted this line in his Nayacakra.
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