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THE CANONICAL LITERATURE OF THE JAINAS connection with the Research Grant given to me in 1938. So I shall here note only a few points :
(i) Five types of svādhyāya are referred to in Thāna (s. 465). (ii) When is artha to be taught and in what manner ? This is
discussed in Nandi (s. 59). i) A curriculum for the study of the Jaina scriptures is furnished
by Vavahāra (X). v) A question of the relative importance of jñāna and kriyā is
treated in Anuogaddāra (s. 152) etc. (v) 29 types of pāpaśruta are mentioned in Samavāya (s. 291). (vi) The oral transmission of knowledge and prohibition of books for
some time and the permission given later on are already referred
to on pp. 64-65. Ethnology-Several tribes are noted in the Jaina canon. Vide pp. 138, 140 and 148. Characteristics of Arya and Mleccha along with their varieties are noted in Pannavanā (1, 37)3, and 7 varnas and 9 varnāntaras in Ayāranijjutti (v. 18-27). Incidentally it may be mentioned that in Anga VI (s. 18) there is a reference to 18 senippasenis, and in Prameyaratnamañjūsā (p. 193) 4names of 18 śrenis (guilds ?) are given.5 Further, several types of hermits are mentioned in Ovaväiya (s. 39) and Pupphiyā (pp. 252-269) etc. Several heterodox schools are referred to by Sīlānka in his com. on Sūyagada, and heretical works, in Anuogaddāra and Nandi. Ohanijjutti mentions Caraka and Suśruta, and Malayagiri Sūri's commentary (p. 17a) on Nandī, Kumārasambhava. 1. “एगुणतीसइविहे पावसुयपसंगे णं पन्नत्ते, तं जहा–भोमे १ उप्पाए २ सुमिणे ३ अंतरिक्खे ४ अंगे ५ सरे ६ वंजणे ७
लक्खणे ८; भोमे तिविहे पन्नते, तं जहा-सुत्ते वित्ती वत्तिए, एवं एक्केकं तिविहं २४; विकहाणुजोगे २५ विजाणुजोगे २६
मंताणुजोगे २७ जोगाणुजोगे २८ अण्णतित्थयपवत्ताणुजोगे २९ ।" 2. In Süyagada' (1, 3, 3, 18) a hill-tribe named Țankaņa is mentioned. 3. For details see my article Ethico-religious classifications of mankind as embodied
in the Jaina Canon. It is published in the Annals of B. O. R. 1. (vol. XV, pts. 1
II, pp. 97-108). 4. These names differ from those given in two ways by Virasena in his Dhavalā (pt.
I, p. 57), a com. on Khandasiddhanta. It may be mentioned en passant that this commentary contains quotations from Ayara, Thāna, Kappa, Dasaveyā liya, Anuogaddāra and Avassayanijjutti and the text of the first five padas of Navakara
of which two occur in Kharavela's inscription. 5. For details see p. 593 of Padmanandamahākāvya (G. O. S.).
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