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COMPARISON AND EVALUATION
219
Grammar—The canonical literature furnishes us with some grammatical information, which has its own importance, though it does not by any means add to our stock of knowledge by way of an original contribution. To begin with, Ayāra (II, 4, 1; s. 355) mentions 3 numbers, 3 genders, 3 tenses and 3 persons. Thāna (s. 609) deals with 8 cases and their functions. The pertinent portion occurs almost ad verbatim in Anuogaddara (s. 128). This latter work notes in s. 130 bhāvappamāna and its 4 varieties viz. sāmāsiya, taddhiya, dhāuya and niruttiya. Under the 1st variety, 7 kinds of compounds are noted along with their illustrations. The 2nd variety is eight-fold. Herein while explaining siloänāma Maladhārin Hemacandra Sūri says that since Śabdaprābhīta is extinct, it is not possible to explain it in its entirety. Under the 3rd variety we have " HART 4 499T TET gaat" etc., whereas under the 4th we have etymologies attended to e. g. “HET a fen:” etc. This portion is to some extent in Samskrta
is rather unusual. In s. 123 there is an exposition of genders and the corresponding endings (see pp. 1110-112b), and in s. 124 that of euphony. Verse 325 of Kappanijjutti mixed up with its Bhāsa mentions 5 types of paya — a topic discussed in s. 125 of Anuogaddāra, and v. 326, 4 types of payattha such as sāmāsiya etc., already noted. In the com. (p. 3) to v. 2 of this work, it is noted that certains letters and the dual number have no place in Prākrta whereas in the com. (p. 99) on v. 326, are given the names of 7 kinds of compounds along with their examples, 8 varieties of taddhita etc. Kotyācārya in his com. (p. 129) on Visesā° quotes a verset whereby we learn that in Prāksta, the dual number is represented by the plural, and the dative case is replaced by the genitive.5 1. For instance, it is in Prākrta. Bharata's Natyaśāstra (XVII, pp. 367-369) is another
example of this type; for, it mentions in Prākrta some characteristics of this language. Further the Āgamas give us an idea about concord in Prākrta works-a topic discussed by Prof. A. M. Ghatage in his article entitled Concord in Prakrit Syntax and published
in the "Annals of B. O. R. 1” (vol. XXI, pts. I-II, pp. 73-96). 2. "T14 Aaahu 3770154 für Try Telas Ets i drauf Aleš 1137411" 3. See Visesão (v. 3455). It begins with “Tru cargoj" 4. Its 2nd foot is quoted by Haribhadra Sūri in his com. (p. 16) on Dasaveyāliya. 5. For details see my article Grammatical topics in Pāïya recently published in The
Sarvajanikan (No. 43, October 1941, pp. 22-32).
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