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THE CANONICAL LITERATURE OF THE JAINAS
DASAVEYĀLIYA
This work is also a Mūlasutta inasmuch as it explains the first and fundamental principles of the religious order preached by Lord Mahāvīra and serves as the foundation for the ascetic life. The title Dasaveyāliya is not to be met with in this work; but it is so mentioned twice by Bhadrabāhusvāmin in his Nijjutti (v. 6 and 330) on it. Moreover it is mplied in v. 7, 12 and 15 of this Nijutti, though therein he has named this work as Dasakāliya as he has done in v. 1, 14 and 25. Thus he has six times designated this work as Dasakāliya and twice as Dasaveyāliya.
As stated in v. 7 the title is based upon two ideas viz. the number and the time. The first gives us a clue to the fact that this work consists of ten ajjhayanas. As regards the time we see from v. 12 that this work was extracted when the paurusī was over, whereas we learn from v. 15 that the 10 ajjhayaņas which were extracted, were (systematically) arranged at the veyāliya (Sk. vaikālika) i. e. to say in the evening. The Cunni on the Dasaveyaliya (pp. 5 and 7) explains the title Dasaveyāliya in various ways. One of them is that this work is read at vikāla. Some of the modern scholars who do not agree with these derivations of the title, make various conjectures. For instance Mr. G. J. Patel opines that Manaka was taught Puvvas just after his dīksā and not after a lapse of 19 years, the period specified for it. Thus he was taught at the improper time (akāla-vikāla). Consequently this work goes by the name of Dasaveyāliya. He believes that the right name is Dasakāliya, the word kāliya therein implying its association with caranakaraṇānuyoga of which kāliyasuya is a synonym according to the Dasaveyaliyacunni (p. 2). He adds that when this explanation may have been forgotten and when it may have been found impossible to reconcile its entry as ukkāliyasuya and not kāliyasuya in Nandi (s. 44), its original name Dasakaliya may have been replaced by Dasaveyaliya, and then to explain this latter title, somehow it was believed to have been compiled at vikāla. In this connection I, for one, believe that Dasakälika is an abbreviation of Daśavaikālika, the Samskrta equivalent of Dasaveyāliya. Furthermore, I do not think that the term kāliya occurring in the title Dasakāliya has been used to denote its association with caranakaranānuyoga; for, otherwise, at least once in the entire Jaina
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