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SOCIAL CONDITIONS
391
The Kalpas are 12 in number namely, Saudharma, Išana, Sanatkumāra, Māhendra, Brahma, Lāntaka, Mahāśukra, Sahasrāra, Anata, Pranata, Arana and Acyuta (102.143-144). This account is corroborated by the Svetămbara tradition? The Digambara tradition mentions 16 Kalpas, the four more being Brahmottara, Kapiştha, Sukra and Satāra. But the TP (8.120-121, 127-128) records both the traditions and the Sarvārthasidhi (4.19) mentions that there are 12 Indras only. It is in agreement with the Svetāmbara tradition. The PCV though enumerates 12 Kalpas, yet it has a stray reference to Brahmottara (82.76) also.
Above these Kalpas there are situated nine Graiveyakas followed by 4 Anudisa and one Anuttara Vimănas. The four Anudiśas are called Vijaya, Vaijayanta, Jayanta and Aparājita vimānas while the Anuttara is called Sarvārthavimāna (102. 146). These five are said to be Anuttaravimānas in the Svetämbara tradition while the Digambara tradition differentiates them into Anudisa and Anuttaravimānas. But the PCR states them as five Anuttaravimānas (105. 170). At 102. 171 of the PCV also there is no separate mention of the Anudiśavimāna but the Anuttaras are mentioned just after the Graiveyakas." At 2.84 the Anuttaravimāna is referi ed to in plural. Thus it is clear that four vimānas are called Anudiśas because they are situated in four different quarters and the fifth one is situated above them in the middle. Thus to call all those five as Anuttaravimānas or separately as Anudiśas and Anuttaravimāna makes no difference, because beyond them there is no more vimāna.
The PCV further gives the number of vimānas in each Kalpa (102.152). The Graiveyakas have in all 318 vimānas (102.153) and then there are the separate five Anuttara or four Anudisa and one Anuttara (Sarvārtha) vimānas (102.146). The TP (8.153-154) also mentions that the Graiveyakas, Anudiśas and Anuttara have in all 323 vimānas.
The PCV mentions in general that the span of life of the gods increases from 2, 7, 10, 14, 17, 18, 20, to 22 Sāgaras successively
1. Uttajā, 36.209-210; TS, 4. 20. 2. TS, 4. 19. 3 Uttara, 36.215; TS, (Bhāşya)-4. 20. 4. TP, 8. 117f. 5. "Gevejjagāņa tatto ahiyam tu anuttarāņa devāṇam,
Sokkham anantyan puņa siddhāņa sivālayatthänin.'
