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ECONOMIC, POLITICAL & RELIGIGUS CONDITIONS
479
davvaṁ chabbheyaṁ) are sattabhangajuyam (102.99), i.e. the true knowledge in all its aspects can be acquired by the method of Saptabhangi. It is a method of describing a thing in seven ways. It is a reference to the Syādvāda, the theory of relative judgement or conditional predicament. Lastly right conduct including the austerities will be dealt further under 'Jaina ethics'. Here it is necessary to make it clear that right faith, right knowledge and right conduct along with austerities are all necessary in a combined form for attaining emancipation and for that they have been mentioned together in the Paumacariyam and not separately. No one separated from any other three essentials can help to realize Mokşa. The Uttaradhyayana (28.30) emphasises that without faith there is no knowledge, without knowledge there is no conduct, without conduct there is no emancipation, Thus all the three are interdependent and co-related and they are jointly indispensable for one to attain Mokşa.
Jaina Ethics :
is no there elate
The religious conduct called as 'dhamma' 14.108, 'caritta' 33.52 or 'cariyam' 39.52 is two-fold, i.e. the rules concerning lay-devotees or householders and those concerning monks. The former conduct is called Săvayadhamma (14.111 Śrāvakadharma) or Gihatthadhamma (6.120) (Gshasthadharma) or Salambanadharma (33.52) and the latter is termed as Samanadhamma 14.10, (śramanadharma), or Sāhavacariyaṁ 39.52 (Sadhudharma) or Mahārisidhamma 6.123 (Maharşidharma) or Nirāyāradhamma (5.118 Nirāgāradharma) orNiralambana dharma (33.52). They are also called as minor and major dharma (dhammo anuo taheva ukkoso 103.80; anujetthoor jettho 22.27) respectively.
Monk's conduct :- The code of religious conduct prescribed for monk is said to be consisting of observing of five greater vows, five kinds of carefulness and thre kinds of preservation (Pañca mahavvayāiń samiio panca, tippi guttio 4.23)?. Five greater vows are complete abstinences from causing injury, speaking falsehood, committing theft, observing non-celibacy and keeping worldly possessions (Himsaliya. corikkamehunapariggahassa niyatti 14.70; 11.23). Five kinds of Samitis are carefulness in walking, speaking, eating, lifting up or laying down of things and excreting (iriyā, bhāsā, esaņā, āyāṇanikkheva
1. See for details Pravaca nasāra, Int. p. 83.91 & OJP, p. 118. 2. See Niyama, IV. 3. See TS, VII. 1-2.
