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GEOGRAPHICAL PLACES, PEOPLES AND TRIBES
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e.
They as Ksatrapas ruled west India for a very long time up to the end of the 4th century A.D. (VGA, Ch. 3).
Kirala=the Keralas (Kerala. PCR, 101.81): The Asoka RE, II & III mention them as Ketalaputas who were outside the boundaries of the territory of Asoka. Keralas are located to the south along with the Colas and the Pandyas. Cera or Kerala territory comprised Travancore, Cochin and Malabar districts (CHI, I. p. 585) nearly the modern Kerala.
Nemala, Nevala (Newāra) (99.55)=Nepāla (PCR, 102.156) :Nepala is the modern Nepala, a trans-Himalayan state (HGAI, p. 113). The Newāras are considered to be the people closely associated with the origin of the word Nepāla. In the Allahabad Pillar Inscription. Nepala is mentioned as an autonomous frontier state.
Varula ?:-Varaṇā or Varuņā was one of the twenty-five and a half Aryan countries with Accha as its capital. Varana was known by the name of Uccīnagara which is identified with modern Bulandashahara in UP. (LAI, p. 352; VGA, p. 192). Presumably Varula and Varupa are identical.
Caruvacchi - Cāruvatsiya? :-The Purāņas refer to the Vatsiyas?. If 'cari' be taken as an adjective it can be the Vatsa country with its capital at Kosambi i.e. Kosam situated on the Jamuna river (CAGI, p. 448f). The country lay to the south of Jamuna. In the Jaina canonical literature Accha and Vacca are referred to as Aryan countries. Acca is identified with the region about Bulandshahara and Vacca the capital of which was Verāda is taken to be as Matsya country, i.e. modern Alwar and Jaipur region (LAI, p. 254).
Varāvada ?:-It is unidentified. If Varāvada and Vairāļa be the same then Vairāțanagara is just near Jaipur. It was the capital of Matsya country or Virāța country (HGAI, p. 333). If Verawal, then ancient Somnathadeva Pattana in Kathiawar can be identified with it. If it is Vallavāda then it is identified with Valayavāda or Vaļavāda the site of present Radhānagarī about 27 miles to south west of Kolhapura (HGAI, p. 301).
Sopara=Sürparaka :-Soparaka town is mentioned as being situated in the Konkandesh (VH, I. p. 284), on the seacoast (Uttara. Tika, 4., p. 78). It is identified with Sopāra in the Thana district of Bombay and the region situated near Prabhasa included the country around the mouth of the Narmada (TAI, P, 354).
1. D.R. Regmi --Ancient & Medieval Nepal, p. 4f. 2. SGAM, 1. p. 33.
