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490
A CRITICAL STUDY OF PAUMACARIYAN
Salutations to the Jinas were made thrice a day (Jiņavandanam tisañjjhaṁ 41.77, Arahantanamokkārarii tinni vi kāla 32.71). At the time of salutations the Pañcaparamești namaskāra mantral along with the formula of Mangala' was recited.
Similarly eulogy (thuimangalam. 28. 46) of the Tirthařkaras formed an important part of the religious duty of householders. Tirtharkaras are treated as the supreme and magnanimous beings and are addressed as Aruhā (worshipable), Bhayavaṁ (28.48), Tiloya. pujjāriho (adorable by the three worlds), Ananto (boundless), Uvayāraparo (beneficial) Apāhāņaṁ sattāņam nāha (Lord of the forelorn living being 5.121-122), Jagabandhu(true brother of the world 109.13)and Isara (supreme lord). In their eulogy the devotees sang in praise of the various qualities of the Jinas (28.47-50). Besides that the names of various deities common with the Vedic and Furaộic tradition have been attributed to the Jinas". In other Jaina works those epithets can be found explained in confirmity with Jainism. The epithets mentioned in the PCV are-Hiranyagarbha, Svayambhū, Brahmā, Pitāmaha, Caturmukha, Vişnu, Siva, Saukara, Iśvara, Maheśvara, Mahadeva, Rudra, and Trilocana. Then there are epithets like Bhānu and Nārāyaṇa. The significance of the above deities vary in the Brahmanical religion."
Image-worship was very popular among the Jainas. There are several reference to shrines and temples situated in palaces (17.61; 77.3, 25) and at public places. There is even a reference to the installing of Jina idol in every house (89.51). Devotees used to put on white garments while worshippiug the Jina idols (2 19, 66.30). The sacred bath of the Jainas was performed with perfumed water, milk, curd and ghee (32.78-81; 92 13). The substances and articles used for worshipping were the land and water flowers (32.72), perfumes (32.77), aloes, (14.66; 32.74), incense, sandal powder, saffron (32.74; 68.20), lamps (32.75; 14, 66) and various articles of decoration such as umbrella, flywhisk, flags, mirror, canopy, festoons (32.76) and naivedya (niveyanaya 32.83) be corns or sweets.
1. Ņamo Arahantānam, Siddhāņa namo Sivan uvagayānani
Ayariyauvajjhāņań namo sayā savvasāhūņam / 86.63. 2. Arahanto siddho vi ya sāhu taha kevali ya dhammo ya
Ee havanti niyayan cattāri vi mangalan majjhan 86.64. 3. 5.122; 28.48; 109.2, 4. See AP, 24.30-46; 25 99; Arhat sahasranāma of Hemacandra; and Jina
Sahasranāma of Asadhara. 5. See J. Dowson's Classical Dictionary of Hindn Mythology.
