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EDUCATION AND ARCHITECTURE
421
creeper abundantly growing in the Padmaudyāna of Larkā and Tambollavalli (Tāmbūla 46.72), the betel creeper.
The following are the species of vegetation which have not been identified. Cilla; The PSM calls it a tree. The PCV refers to it as used for worshipping the Jinas (66.19); Kadāhā (Kațāhā); Māyas; Kañcaņārā (Kañcanārā); Korințayā (Koranțaka); and Rattakoriņțayā which grew in the Padmaudyāna of Lankā (53.79). Hila druma growing on the Vasantagiri is referred to at 21.48.
Then the Mallidduma (Mallidruma 23.35), Kaņayalaya (Kanakalatā 36.16), Candanalayā (53.67) and Sirimanjari (27.43) are also referred to.
Grass : -The grass is called Tapa (Trpa) in the general sense. It is said that in the rainy season the land was decked all round with green grass (hariyatana sāmalarigi 11.119). It formed the main fodder of the animals which are mentioned as Tanacārī (N.29). There is an allusion to Kusa grass, here called as Dabbha (Darbha 18.18). It is Poa Cynosuroides whose leaves are very long and sharp pointed. Kása (Kāśa): Saccharum Spontaneum is a kind of long grass which blossoms in the autumn season and bears white flowers. It is used for roofs and mats. Its flowers are compared with the grey hairs of an old person (21.76). The example of lofty grass is the Vamsa (43.21) or Venu (63.39). It is the common bamboo referred to be growing wildly in the Dandaka forest (43.21) and in the Sīhanināda Ațavi (94.44). The Vamśagiri (39.4) situated in the vicinity of the Dandakāranya seems to be very abundantly flourishing in the bamboos.
Flowers :--The PCV mentions two types of flowers (Jaiayathalaya kuśumā 12.37) i. e. of water and of land. The latter variety has already been dealt with in the preceding pages. It may be noted that the flowers of various colours have been referred to. Generally they are mentioned to be of five types (6.20 Kusumapañcavannehi). They are the (siya, dhavala) white (nila) blue, (hariya) green, (rattārupa) red and (yellow) fowers (42.13). Now we take up the account of the flowers of winter or acquatic plants. They are mentioned to be growing abundantly in the inland waters such as rivers (Narmadā 10.39, Jāhnavi 94.50, Karnaravā 42.20), lakes (Mānasa 16.46 and other lakes in the southern plateau land 42.11), ponds, pools and tanks (Dihiyāvāvī, situated in the parks & gardens of the cities 78.54; 5.55).
As a water flower, the lotus has been widely mentioned. Its many names given in the PCV are : Kamala (42.11), Pankaya
