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470
A CRITICAL STUDY OF PAUMACARIYAM
and provided with a handle like a cow's nipple1. Savvala (59.21) is an iron spear2. Kunta (53.109) is a lance. Tomara (53.109) is a rod with an arrow like edge and four to five cubits in length3. Kanaya (12.111) is a metallic rod both ends of which are triangular. It is held in the middle and is two feet long. It is also called a type of arrow". Jatthi (59.15 Yaşți) is the pointed rod made of Khadira wood. Hala (59.86) or Nangala (72.33 Langala) is a heavy weapon like ploughshare. Musala (59.16) is a pestle or pointed rod made of Khadira. Bhinḍivāla (7.37 Bhindimāla) is a rod with heavy top. Moggara (57.28 Mudgara) is a staff hammer of iron. Gaya (52.7 Gadā) is a mace. Vajja (7.10 Vajra) is the thunderbolt, a kind of club made of iron. Phaliha (12.90 Parigha) is a club studded with iron pikes10. Musundhi (26.56) is the octagonal club.11 Cakka (99.24 Cakra) is the discus with pointed and sharp projection on the periphery12. The weapons which could not be identified are Caḍakka (7.29) and Jhasara (53.82). Bhujangapāsa (59.78) is the noose used to tie the enemy.
were
Thd PCV further refers to the throwing of stones in the battle (Sila 6.194;7.26;12.90). Kautilya (2.18.16) states that stones thrown in the battle by hand or by a machine or a sling. The references to the Yantras fixed on the ramparts (Jantesu 12.48; Kūḍajantesu 46.86; Jantapayaraṁ 52 6) indicate that machines were used for operating weapons and stones13.
The employing of magical missiles is referred to at several places in the PCV. Varuņāstra (59.60), the cloud-missile created darkness, It was counteracted by the Mărutastra (59.61) or Samiraņāstra, the airmissile (71.61). The fire-missile (Agneyam) was nullified by the cloudmissile (12.127). The Tamasastra (59.63) which spread darkness was counteracted by the missile of light (Diväkarastra 61.44 or Udyotāstra
1. Ibid, p. 111.
2. Vide LAI, p. 80.
3. Shama, p. 111.
4. Ibid; See TP, 8.257 also.
5. Desinamamala, 2.56.
6. Shama, p. 110.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid, p. 111.
9. IK, p. 160.
10. Ibid, p. 161.
11. LAI, p. 80.
12. IK, p. 160; See also Sukraniti,4. 1049.
13. See Shrma, p.110 and Sukraniti, 4. 1024f.
