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EDUCATION AND ARCHITECTURE
431:
saffron (53. 108; 68. 3). The water of the river became coloured by the wash of the saffron besmeared on the bodies of the ladies of the king of Maheśvara, who were plying water-sports in the river with the king (angaparibhogalaggaṁ kunkumadhovan tapiñjararuniyaṁ 10. 44). It was applied to the breasts of women (117. 26) as it gave a cooling effect The Mlecch as have been referred to have applied some mineral powder (dhaukayangaraga 27. 33) on their bodies.
Articles of fragrance and incense:-The PCV mentions the following articles of fragrance and incense : The aloe (aguruya), the olibanum (turukka) and the sandal (candana) were commonly used by the people (Janavayaparibhoyasusuyandham 2.11) for fragrance. The dark and red sandal (gosisa), the black aloe (kālagaru) and the camphor (kappura) were used for incense (surbhidhuvagandhāim 14.92). Articles of fragrance and incense were regularly used for worshipping purposes (66.29).
The betel leaf is mentioned along with the articles of cosmetics (tambolaphullagandhadehāṇulevana 70.59). It gave reddish (80.30) colour to the lips and it was chewed along with other fragrant ingredients, hence it may also be counted as an article of cosmetics.
Flowers Flower was an important article of toilet. The art of decorating the body with wreaths and garlands of flowers was called 'mallavihi' (28.11). The people of ancient India had great love for flowers (gandhakusumatattilla 2.6). Married couples of Lanka are mentioned to be making a profuse use of flowers during the hours of amorous pleasures (tambolaphullagandhāiesu 70.59). The women of Saketapuri are referred to be wearing flowers on their heads (Kusumaunņam sisaṁ 100.52). The lotus flower was used as an ear ornament by women (kanņuppala 70.22). Crests of flowers were worn on the heads by the Rākṣasa warriors (pupphasehara 53.108). The Mlecchas decorated their bodies with the flowers of Śrīmanjari (27.33) in addition to other precious ornaments. Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa wore the garlands of fragrant flowers on the occasion of their coronation (sugandhakusumesu kaymala 85.21).
B. Music, Dance and Drama.
The PCV reveals that the art of music, dance and drama formed an integral part of the education and culture of the society. This art
1, An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture, P.K. Acarya-p. 245.
2. It may be an ear-ring of lotus shape made of precious metal. See p. 154,155 of the Harşacarita eka Samskṛtika Adhy ayana -V.S. Agrawala.
3. 24. 5,