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A CRITICAL STUDY OF PAUMACARIYAM
was well cultivated and patronised by the royal persons and the nobles who enjoyed it with great interest and also provided for the entertainment of the public by arranging the performances of professional artists on different social, political and religious occasions.
Music is denoted by 'gandhavva=gandharva' (24,5; 75. 5) and 'sangiya=saiigita' (66. 10). It consisted of two branches, viz. the vocal music 'geya' (39.21), giya-gita' (17. 84; 78.52) and the instrumental music "vāiya'=vāditra (78.52; 97.8) Dance is termed as 'natta'=nștta (24. 5; 78.52). Dramatic performance is indicated by 'nādaya'=nāțaka (2.51; 113.11). According to Kautilya, music in wider sense includes all the four subjects-singing, playing on instruments, dancing and dramatic performance?
Music:- The professional musician is called 'sangiyaa'=sangitaka (64.5) or 'gojja'- gāyaka (85.19). The seven musical notes (svaras) have been specifically referred to (sattasarasam giyam 9. 89; gandhavvam tu paggiyaṁ sattasaragayasañjuttam 37.48). The term ‘saravihattijuttan'=svaravibhaktiyuktam (24.5) denotes the details about forming modulations or melodies and tones.
Musical instruments:-Vaditra has been already explained as a term used for the instruments of music in general. A number of instruments of music have been referred to in the PCV. They can be divided into four classes viz. the stringed, concussion, wind and percussion instruments".
(1) Viņa (9.88), the lute was the stringed instrument. (2) Jhallari (3,19), a kind of cymbal; Ghantā (3.73) a kind of bell; Khinkhiņi (17.114)=kinkiņis, a kind of small bells and Karnsālaya=Kāṁsyatāla (57.23), the cymbal were the instruments made of bell metal and they produced ringing sound. They were the concussion instruments. (3) Saukha (3.72), the conch-shell, Pavaya' (57.23), Vamsa (14.93), the reed pipe and Veņu (102.123), the fife were the wind instruments. (4) Dunduhi (Dundubhi 2.35), a kettle drum; Padaha (Pațaha 3.70), a kind of drum (dhola); Kāhala (Kahalā 61.2), a kind of large drum; Kharamuhi (Kharamukhi 57.23) (Varkakahala); Dhakka and Bhambhā (57.23), a kind of big drum; Bheri (57.23)
1. Kautilya, 2 27 2. Anu yoga, 127 and PCR, 24 8-19 for the details of music 3. Bhag Su (Abhaya), 5.4. 148. 4. A kind of wind instrument (MWSED).
