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EDUCATION AND ARCHITECTURE
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(114. 23). The Vedas which are four in number are well-known as Rgveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda. The Vedangas are six1 in number. They are Siksa (phonetics). Kalpa (ritual), Vyakarana (grammar), Nirukta (exegesis), Chanda (metres) and Jyotis (astronomy). The Upangas are the supplementary or additional works such as the Puranas, the Nyāya, Mimāṁsā and the Dharmasastras2.
In connection with the education of Kaikeyī it is mentioned that she was educated and trained in Laukikajñāna (loyaṁ nāņaṁ 24. 8). It is also called as loiyasui (58 6) and loyasattha (2 107). As regards the popular learning (laukika śruta) the Anuyogadvarasutra and the Nandisutra mention the following works: Bharaha, Rāmāyaṇa, Bhīmāsurukka," Kodillaya (Kautilya), Ghodayamuha (mentioned as a politician in Arthas a stra and Kamasutra), Sagaḍibhaddiau, Kappasia, Nagasuhuma, Kanagasattari (according to H. R Kapadia it is the same as Sankhyakarika of Isvarakṛṣṇa), Vesiya, Vaisesiya, Buddhasasana, Kavila, Logayata, Saṭṭhiyanta, Madhara, Purana, Vāgaraṇa, Nadaga, seventy two arts, four Vedas with Angas and Upangas. The Nandisutra adds to them Teräsiya, Bhagava, Payañjali and Pussadeva.'
the
The references to Akkhāņa Akhyāna (48. 77), Jinindaniggan thakaha (32 97), Dhammakahā (96. 10), Parihāsakahā (74. 20) and Gandhavvakaha (53.20) denote the existence of narrative literature of various kinds. Some sciences and arts which have been specifically mentioned in the PCV (24.5-8). are:
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Sciences -Writing and Scripts (livisattham), Military science (Dhanuvveda or Isattha already mentioned). Arithmetic (Ganiyam), Astronomy and Astrology, Medical science, Domestic sciences such as Cooking (Bhoyanavihi), the science of Prognostication (Nimittam or Atthanganimitta (7.80) which included eight branches relating to earthquake, portentous phenomena, dreams, various colours and forms of the sky, movement of limbs, voice of the birds, marks of the body and signs of distinction) and the sciences of dintinguishing
1. See Pradipa Tika on Patanjala Mahabhagya by Kaiyața-Ahnika I, p. 25 (Nirnayasagara press-1951).
2. MWSED, p. 213. See also Nandi. Su, 42; Anuyoga, Su, 41. Vide p. 29 of the Canonical literature of the Jainas by H. R. Kapadia.
3. Asurakkha in the Mulacara at 5. 60.
4. Vide LAI, p. 171.
5. The reference to Vaidyas is enough to establish that medical science was studied (see the section-Diseases and their cure).
See Sthananga, 8.608 and TP, 4,1002-1016.
6.
