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९०
: श्रमण/जुलाई-सितम्बर/ १९९७
samitis (carefulness), ten dharmas (duties), twelve Anuprekṣas (reflections), twenty two pariṣahas (the patient endurance) and five degrees of caritra (conduct).
The annihilation of Karman is attained by six external austerities and six internal austerities. However, the means of suppression of Karma, refered to above are not directly related with the karma doctrine, hence absent in Karmagranthas.
Karmavipaka (fruition of Karmas), Karma bondage, Karma and Gunasthāna (stages of spiritual development), Karma and marganā sthāna (stand points of investigation) are also dealt, herein.
In addition, some important problems of Jaina karma doctrine such as whether fruits of karmas are subject to God? What is the time of fruition of karmas, are also dealt in here. It also contains detailed discussion on some problems, regarding relationship between soul and karma., such as which is prior-soul or karma, which is more powerful soul or karma.
Needless to mention that whole of the above Nirgrantha karma doctrine was not propounded within a spur of moment. As usual it is the outcome of the process of gradual evolution. Therefore, an attempt to present the literary account, depicting the evolution of the Nirgrantha doctrine in a historical perspective, is in order.
Before coming to the doctrine of karma as depicted in Bhgavati, a glimpse of main features of karma doctrine as mentioned in Acārānga etc. is necessary. The facts of the above texts have been shown by the table.4
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