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________________ CI0UDH mA GOOGal julAI-sitambara 1662 kth 43 aMka 7-6 mohanalAlasmArakapArzvanAthazodhapITha, vArANasI
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________________ pradhAna sampAdaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina sampAdaka DA0 azoka kumAra siMha saha-sampAdaka DA. ziva prasAda - varSa 43 julAI-sitambara, 1992 aMka prastuta aGka meM 1. jaina-dharma aura darzana kI prAsaMgikatA-vartamAna pariprekSya meM - DA0 indu 2. vaidika sAhitya meM jaina paramparA -pro0 dayAnanda bhArgava 3. zvetAmbara mUlasaMgha evaM mAthura saMgha : eka vimarza -pro0 sAgaramala jaina . 4. jaina dRSTi meM nArI kI avadhAraNA -DA0 zrI raMjana sUrideva sa 5. pUrNimAgaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa -DA0 ziva prasAda 2 | 6 kavi chalha kRta araDakamalla kA cAra bhASAoM meM varNana ~zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA 5 | 7. dvAdazAra nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana -- jitendra bI0 zAha 59 8. jaina karmasiddhAnta aura manovijJAna -ratnalAla jaina 6 9. pustaka samIkSA 10. pArzvanAtha zodhapITha ke prAMgaNa meM vArSika zulka eka prati cAlIsa rupaye dasa rupaye yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki lekhaka ke vicAroM se sampAdaka athavA saMsthAna sahamata hoN|
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________________ jaina-dharma aura darzana kI prAsaMgikatA - vartamAna pariprekSya meM DaoN. indu jaina-dharma aura darzana kI vartamAna samaya meM kyA prAsaMgikatA hai ? isa sandarbha meM yaha avadheya ki hamAre deza meM dharma aura darzana aviyojya rIti se jur3e hue haiM, kyoMki hamAre yahA~ darzana mAtra buddhi vilAsa na hokara jIne kI vastu rahA hai, vyavahAra kI vastu rahA hai, jIvana ke rahasyoM DhU~r3hane aura unheM sulajhAne kA mAdhyama rahA hai| bhAratIya darzana kI utpatti hI duHkha se mAnI hai aura duHkhoM se chuTakArA pAnA hI isakA eka mAtra lakSya rahA hai / samastaM bhAratIya darzanoM duHkhoM se chuTakArA pAne ke bhale hI alaga-alaga mArga DhU~r3he gaye hoM, para isa bAta se to sabhI sahamata haiM ki duHkhoM kA kAraNa hamArI vAsanA hai, icchA hai, tRSNA hai, Asakti hai| ataH jaina-dharma bhI isakA apavAda nahI hai / - manuSya sAmAjika prANI hai, samAja kA anivArya aMga hai| vyakti aura samAja paraspara anyonyAzrita haiN| aisI paristhiti meM yaha anivArya hai ki vyakti aura samAja donoM hI eka dUsare ke lie apane kartavyoM ke prati sajaga rheN| cU~ki samAja vyaktiyoM kA samUha hai aura isakA nirmANa vyakti ke paraspara sahayoga evaM surakSA kI apekSA se vyakti dvArA huA hai, ataH zabdoM meM hameM yaha kahanA cAhie ki vyakti ko svakartavyoM kA pAlana vivekapUrvaka karanA hie| sAmAnyatayA jaina darzana ke nivRttimUlaka hone ke phalasvarUpa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki vartamAna vaijJAnika yuga meM hamAre samakSa yA rASTra yA vizva ke lie isakI sArthakatA nahIM hai, para vivekapUrvaka vicAra karane para yaha bhrAnta dhAraNA hI siddha hotI hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra "ye darzana itanA to avazya mAnate haiM ki cAhe vaiyaktika sAdhanA kI dRSTi se ekAkI sevana lAbhaprada ho sakatA hai, kintu usa sAdhanA se prApta siddhi kA upayoga sAmAjika kalyANa dizA meM honA cAhie / mahAvIra aura buddha kA jIvana svayaM isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki ve jJAna prapti ke pazcAt jIvana paryanta loka-maMgala ke lie kArya karate rahe / yadyapi ina nivRtti pradhAna rzanoM meM jo sAmAjika sandarbha upasthita haiM, ve thor3e bhinna prakAra ke avazya haiM, inase mUlataH sAmAjika sambandhoM kI zuddhi kA prayAsa parilakSita hotA hai| sAmAjika sandarbha kI dRSTi se inameM sAmAjika racanA evaM sAmAjika dAyitvoM ke nirvahaNa kI apekSA sAmAjika jIvana ko bhUSita banAne vAle tattvoM ke nirasana para bala diyA gayA hai|"1 jaina, bauddha aura gItA kA samAja-darzana, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pra.- prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura (rAjasthAna ), 1982, pR. 6
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________________ ~ jaina-dharma meM vairAgya bhAvanA yA saMnyAsa para jora diyA gayA hai| zAyada yahI kAraNa haiM isa darzana kI upAdeyatA para vartamAna samaya meM praznacihna lagA diyA jAtA hai, para isa bAta inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki Aja hamAre rASTra ko samAja ko jina viSama paristhiti evaM samasyAoM sampradAyavAda, vargavAda, jAtivAda, garIbI, bhAI-bhatIjAvAda, deza ko a Tukar3oM meM bA~Tane kI pravRtti kA sAmanA karanA par3a rahA hai, usakA mUla kAraNa hamArA s hai, rAga hai, mamatva hai| Aja jaba taka hama apane isa 'maiM aura mere ke bhAva ke nAgapAza se nahIM hote, taba taka na to hamameM svastha rASTrIya cetanA kA prAdurbhAva ho sakatA hai aura na hI 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' ke siddhAnta ko gauravAnvita kara sakate haiN| isa prakAra rAga hamAre svara sambandhoM ke vikasita hone ke mArga meM sabase bar3I bAdhA hai / para yaha bhI satya hai ki rAga-1 Adi (krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha) ye manuSya kI sahaja pravRttiyAM haiM, ataH tajjanya samasyAeM sabhI kAloM meM uThatI rahI haiN| ataH hamAre bhAratIya darzana ne hamArI ina duSpravRttiyoM ke ucche para bala dekara, tajjanya samasyAoM ke hala ko DhU~r3hakara apanI dUradarzitA ko hI darzAyA hai. ataH hamArI svastha sAmAjikatA kA AdhAra rAga nahI, pratyuta viveka hai| DaoN. jaina ke anusA "viveka ke AdhAra para hI dAyitva bodha evaM kartavya-bodha kI bhAvanA jAgRta hotI hai| rAga bhASA adhikAra kI bhASA hai, jabaki viveka kI bhASA kartavya kI bhASA hai / jahA~ keva adhikAroM kI bAta hotI hai, vahA~ kevala vikRta sAmAjikatA hotI hai / svastha sAmAjika adhikAra kI nahIM, viveka kA bodha karAtI hai aura aisI sAmAjikatA kA AdhAra viveka hota hai, kartavya-bodha hotA hai| jaina-dharma aisI hI sAmAjika cetanA ko jAgRta karanA cAhatA hai|" " krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha hamArI kupravRttiyA~ haiM, jo hameM bandhana meM DAlatI haiM, inheM kaSAya kahate haiN| ina kaSAyoM ke nirodha kI parikalpanA sAmAjika viSamatAoM ko dUra kara svastha sAmAjika samatva ko sthApita karane kI dizA meM eka saphala prayAsa hai| ina kaSAyoM hamArI AtmA apane mUla svarUpa se to cyuta hotI hI hai, sAtha hI ye sAmAjika viSamatA, azAnti aura saMgharSa ko bhI pallavita, puSpita evaM phalita karane meM apanA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna dete haiN| krodha ke kAraNa pArasparika sauhArda naSTa hotA hai| jisake phalasvarUpa avizvAsa aura asurakSA kI bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai| vartamAna samaya meM vizva ke dezoM meM zastra - saMgraha karane kI pravRtti ke pIche avizvAsa kI bhAvanA hI kAma kara rahI hai| isa prakAra krodha evaM Aveza ke phalasvarUpa AkramaNa, hatyA, yuddha evaM saMgharSa ko bar3hAvA milatA hai / hamAre samAja meM vyApta dhArmika asahiSNutA evaM ghRNA kA kAraNa bhI yaha Akroza hI hai| mAna arthAt ahaMkAra ke phalasvarUpa ghRNA, dveSa, UMca-nIca kA bhAva panapatA hai / hamAre sAmAjika sambandhoM meM TUTana kA yaha eka pramukha kAraNa hai / vaha ahaMkAra hI hai, jisameM vyakti apane ahaM ke vazIbhUta hokara ucita - anucita kA bhI viveka kho detA hai / mAyA yA kapaTa kI manovRtti svArthaparatA, avizvAsa aura amaitrIpUrNa vyavahAra ko poSita karatI hai, jo samAjika jIvana ke liye abhizApa hai| lobha zramaNa, julAI-sitambara 1. jaina, bauddha aura gItA kA samAja - (rAjasthAna ). 1982. pR. 10 ja-darzana, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pra-prAkRta, bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura
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________________ du 3 sat saMgraha kI manovRtti ke kAraNa zoSaNa, krUratA, svArthaparatA, vizvAsaghAta kI bhAvanA kasita hotI hai| lobha hI tRSNA jo ki samasta anarthoM kI mUla hai - kI jar3a hai| mAna SAya pada, pratiSThA, yaza- - lipsA, sagha-vRddhi Adi ke rUpa meM bar3e-bar3e RSi-muniyoM ko bhI patha STa karane se nahIM cUkatA hai / - ataH yaha kahanA anucita na hogA ki ye kaSAya hI samasta vyaktigata evaM sAmAjika utpAtoM ke mUla haiN| yadi hama sAmAjika viSamatAoM, jise samApta karanA Aja ke samaya kI sabase bar3I AvazyakatA pratIta hotI hai, ko samApta kara, sAmAjika samatva kI sthApanA karanA vAhate haiM to hameM ina kaSAyoM ke unmUlana hetu jaina-darzana dvArA pradarzita mArga kA anusaraNa karanA par3egA / * ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha jaise vratoM ko aNuvrata ke rUpa meM paMcamahAvratoM ke alAvA) prastuta karake aura ina aNuvratoM ke mAdhyama se sAmAjika samasyAoM , jo hala DhU~r3ha nikAlA gayA hai, vaha apane Apa meM jaina-darzana kI mahattA ko vartamAna sandarbha meM pratipAdita karane kI dizA meM kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| aNuvratoM kA vidhAna jana-sAmAnya (bhAvaka aura zrAvikA ) ke lie kiyA gayA hai, jo ki ahiMsAdi paMcavratoM kA pAlana kaThoratA paMcamahAvratoM ke rUpa meM) se nahIM kara skte| yoM to aNuvratoM kI saMkhyA pA~ca hI hai, para cU~ki nakI surakSA evaM vikAsa ke lie arthAt aNuvratoM ke sahI rUpa se pAlana hetu inheM vyAvahArika | dene kI dRSTi se tIna guNavratoM evaM cAra zikSAvratoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai aura inheM bhI aNuvratoM ke nAma se hI jAnA jAtA hai, isa prakAra aNuvratoM kI saMkhyA bAraha ho gayI hai I Aja vizva ke deza, vizva ko ekAdhika bAra samUla vinAza kara DAlane meM samartha ANavika thiyAroM kA saMgraha karane ke bAda tanAva ke vAtAvaraNa meM jI raheM haiN| aise sandarbha meM mahAvIra ke pradeza jIvanadAyI siddha ho sakate haiM / mAnava astitva ko surakSita rakhane kI dizA meM jaina-dharma 'ahiMsA siddhAnta samIcIna hai| jaina ahiMsA kA na kevala niSedhAtmaka pratipAdana karate haiM, syuta usakA sakArAtmaka pakSa bhI dazati haiN| ahiMsA kA Azaya dayA, karuNA, prema, maitrI, bhAva evaM paraspara sahayoga kA vikAsa hai, jisakI vartamAna samaya meM mahatI AvazyakatA hai / rAvya-akartavya evaM nyAya-anyAya ke viveka se hI ahiMsA kI rakSA ho sakatI hai| bar3hatI huI paNa pravRtti, svArthaparatA evaM eka dUsare se Age bar3hane kI hor3a hiMsA ko protsAhita karatI jaina-darzana ke anusAra satya aura ahiMsA paraspara anyonyAzrita evaM pUraka haiM / satya se vyakti meM saccAI aura ImAnadArI kA vikAsa hotA hai / satya ke abhAva meM ahiMsA andhI | ahiMsA ke abhAva meM satya paMgu evaM kurUpa hotA hai / asteya jisa rUpa meM gRhasthoM ke lie svIkRta mAnA gayA hai use sthUla adattAdAna viramaNa te haiM arthAt binA dI huI vastu ko grahaNa karanA steya yA adattAdAna athavA corI hai| vazyakatA se adhika saMgraha karanA yA kisI vastu kA anucita upayoga karanA bhI eka prakAra
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________________ kI corI hai / adattAdAna ke pA~ca aticAroM se isakI vartamAna prAsaMgikatA aura adhika hotI hai| prathama stenAhRta arthAt corI kI vastu ko grahaNa karanA yA kharIdanA, taskara - prayoga arthAt cora-DAkuoM Adi avAMchanIya tatvoM kI hara prakAra se sahAyatA unheM zaraNa denA evaM unakA samarthana karanA, tRtIya rAjyAdiviruddha karma arthAt kara-corI, anumati ke dUsare rASTroM kI sImA kA ullaMghana karanA, niSiddha vastuoM kA anya deza AyAta-niryAta karanA, rAjya ke kAnUnoM ko tor3anA, rAjya - hita ke viruddha SaDyantra karanA a caturtha, kUTatola yA kUTamAna arthAt lena-dena meM nyUnAdhikatA kA prayoga karake dUsaroM ke vizvAsaghAta Adi karanA aura paMcama tatpratirUpaka vyavahAra arthAta vastuoM meM milAvaTa anucita lAbha uThAnA, dUsaroM ko dhokhA denA Adi / bhramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 16 samAja ke bar3hate hue vyabhicAra evaM vezyAvRtti ko rokane, tajjanya eDsa (Aids) & jaisI ghAtaka bimAriyoM ke unmUlana evaM svastha samAja ke nirmANa hetu zrAvakoM ke lie pratipa svadAra santoSa-vrata kA pratipAdana vartamAna samaya ke lie aprAsaMgika nahIM ThaharAyA jA sa hai| zrAvakoM hetu pratipAdita brahmacarya yA svadAra santoSa kA tAtparya hai sva - patnI ke atiri zeSa samasta striyoM ke sAtha maithuna sevana kA mana, vacana aura zarIra se tyAga karanA / manuSya kI icchAeM ananta haiN| icchApUrti icchA - agni kI vRddhi meM ghRta kA kArya karatI tRSNA ko bar3hAtI hai| ataH icchAtRpti kA zreSTha upAya hai, icchA-parimANa evaM icchA-niyantra sAdhAraNa logoM ke lie to icchAoM kA sarvathA tyAga (aparigraha ) sambhava nahIM hai, para a parimita avazya kiyA jA sakatA hai| manuSya ko utanA hI rakhanA yA saMgraha karanA cAhie ji usake evaM usake AzritoM ke lie anivArya ho / anAvazyaka saMgraha hI hamArI sAmAji viSamatA kA mukhya kAraNa hai| samAja meM bar3hate hue vidveSa, saMgharSa, zoSaNa, garIbI, chala-kapa vargabheda, cora-bAjArI, munAphAkhorI, pU~jIvAda Adi ke lie hamArI AvazyakatA se adhi saMgraha karane kI manovRtti hI uttaradAyI hai / yadi hama vAstava meM sarala evaM sacce samAjavAda sthApanA karanA cAhate haiM, sAmAjika nyAya ko sacce arthoM meM pratiSThita karane ke icchuka haiM, hameM apanI bar3hI huI tRSNAoM para aMkuza lagAnA hI hogA / jaina-dharma meM na kevala saiddhAntika rUpa se aNuvratoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai pratyuta unakI rakSA evaM vikAsa ke lie guNavratoM kI bhI vyavasthA kI gayI hai, jo tIna haiM dizAparimANava upabhoga- paribhoga parimANavrata evaM anarthadaNDa viramaNa vrata / icchA parimANa yA parigraha parimA rUpa pA~cave aNuvrata kI surakSA hetu evaM use ucita rUpa se vyavahAra meM lAne ke lie dizAparimANa rUpa guNavrata kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai arthAt apanI AvazyakatAnusAra apane vyApAra Adi ke liye dizA kI maryAdA nizcita hone para hamArI tRSNA bhI vahIM taka sImita ho jAtI hai| isI mArga kA anusaraNa karake hama apanI pratibhAoM kA palAyana, jo videzoM kI ora ho rahA hai, roka sakate haiN| dizA-parimANa ke jo pA~ca aticAra batAye gaye haiM, unase dizA - parimANa kI sthiti aura adhika spaSTa ho jAtI hai| --
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________________ t. indu jaina-dharma meM ahiMsA evaM santoSa vrata kI rakSA evaM mahAtRSNA se nijAta pAne hetu tathA jIvana zAnti lAne ke lie jIvanopayogI sAmagriyoM - upabhoga aura paribhoga kI sAmagriyoM - kI maryAdA nizcita kI gayI hai| ___ ahiMsA evaM aparigraha ke poSaNa evaM rakSA hetu anarthadaNDa viramaNa guNavrata kA vidhAna kiyA bhayA hai arthAt apane aura parivAra ke jIvana-nirvAha ke lie anivArya hiMsApUrNa (jisameM kama se kama hiMsA ho) vyavasAya ke atirikta samasta pApavRttiyoM se nivRtta honA caahie| sAmAnyatayA vaha dekhA jAtA hai ki bar3e-bar3e vyApAroM dvArA, jisameM vyakti adhika se adhika saMcaya karane kI icchA rakhatA hai, ucita-anucita ke viveka ke abhAva meM zoSaNa ko bar3hAvA detA hai| anartha daNDaviramaNa kA mukhya uddezya hai - niSprayojana kiye jAne vAle karmoM se sAmAnya jana ko bcaanaa| nirarthaka pravRttiyA~ anuzAsanahInatA aura vivekahInatA kI pratIka haiN| ataH yaha kahanA atyukti nahIM ki jaina-dharma dvArA pratipAdita aNuvratoM ne use vartamAna samaya meM aura bhI prAsaMgika banA diyA hai| prAyaH saMnyAsa ko samAja virodhI samajhA jAtA hai| merI dRSTi meM isa pramAda kA eka kAraNa sanyAsa ke vAstavika artha ko na samajhanA to hai hI, sAtha hI eka anya kAraNa hai hamAre samAja meM saMnyAsa ke nAma para DhoMga karane vAle una logoM kI upasthiti, jo apane parivAra ke ti, samAja ke prati kiye jAne vAle kartavyoM se svayaM ko bacAne ke lie geruA vastra dhAraNa rake, bhikhArI jIvana vyatIta karate hue, samAja para bojha bane rahate haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki saMnyAsa grahaNa karate samaya vyakti vittaiSaNA, putraiSaNA evaM lokaiSaNA ke tyAga kA saMkalpa letA para isase vaha samAja vimukha nahIM siddha hotA hai, kyoMki vittaiSaNA Adi kA tyAga Asakti kA tyAga hai, svArtha evaM mamatva kA parityAga hai, samAja kA nhiiN| apanI Asakti se vimukha kira hI vyakti samAja kalyANa kI ora unmukha hotA hai, vyaSTi meM samaSTi ke darzana karatA hai| dra aura mahAvIra kA jIvana isakA jvalanta udAharaNa hai| bhagavAn buddha ne svayaM kahA thA varattha bhikkhave cArikaM bahujana hitAya bahujana sukhAya lokAnukampAya atthAya hitAya deva nissaan|' (vinaya piTaka-mahAvagga ) / ataH yadi maiM yaha kahU~ ki Adarza samAja kI sthApanA ke lie pratyeka vyakti ko saMnyAsI honA cAhie, to atyukti na hogii| gItA meM bhI kahA gayA ki kAmya arthAt rAga yukta karmoM kA tyAga hI mokSa hai (gItA 18/2) / niragni evaM niSkriya jAnA saMnyAsa nahIM hai, saccA saMnyAsa yA yoga vaha hai, jo samAja meM rahakara loka-kalyANa tU anAsakta bhAva se karma karatA rhe| (gItA 6/1 ) / isI sandarbha meM mokSa kI sArthakatA kA vivecana bhI aprAsaMgika na hogaa| avadheya hai ki mokSa // saMnyAsa kA hI paryAya hai| hamAre kaSAya arthAt krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha hI hamAre sAmAjika jIvana meM bAdhaka tattva haiM aura mokSa ina pravRttiyoM se chuTakArA pAne ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM hai| isI artha meM mokSa kI vartamAna pariprekSya meM prAsaMgikatA bhI hai kyoMki yahI eka sA mArga hai jisase hamAre jIvana meM satyaM, zivaM, sundaraM kI sthApanA ho sakatI hai| Aja kA nava aisI tattvamImAMsA svIkAra karane ke pakSa meM nahIM hai jisake anusAra darzana kA uddezya
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________________ zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 18. vartamAna kAla ke sukha-duHkha mizrita jIvana kI upekSA karake maraNottara bhAvI punarjanma rUpa se bacane kI cintA meM yojanA baddha rUpa se sampUrNa jIvana samApta kara denA ho| usakI dRSTi darzana kI sArthakatA vyakti ko kevala marane aura punaH na paidA hone ke lie taiyAra karane meM nahIM apitu sukha-zAntipUrvaka jIvana yApana karane kA mArga batAne meM hai| kahane kA Azaya yahI / ki mukti kevala maraNottara avasthA (videha mukti) nahIM hai, pratyuta vaha isI jIvana meM prApta hai aura yahI mokSa rUpa caturtha puruSArtha hai jisakI samIcInatA ke bAre meM vartamAna samaya meM sarna vyakta kiyA jAtA hai| rAga-dveSa yA kaSAyoM se mukti kI bAta utanI sugama evaM sAmAnya nahIM jitanI yaha kahane yA sunane meM pratIta hotI hai| isake lie gahana sAdhanA kI AvazyakatA jaisA ki tIrthakaroM ke jIvana se spaSTa hai| hamAre puruSa pradhAna samAja meM nArI-zoSaNa kI prathA prAcIna hai| vaidika kAla meM usI sthiti madhyakAla kI apekSA behatara avazya mAnI jA sakatI hai, para vaha bahuta acchI thI, nahIM kahA jA sktaa| zikSAdi ke kSetra meM agraNI jina mahilAoM - gArgI, maitreyI Adi - nAma udAharaNa svarUpa liyA jAtA hai, unheM apavAdasvarUpa hI mAnA jAnA caahie| vartamAna sI, meM zikSA-prasAra Adi ke pariNAmasvarUpa unameM nizcita rUpa se jAgati AyI hai aura una sthiti meM sudhAra bhI huA hai| vaidhAnika rUpa se unheM puruSoM ke samakakSa bhI rakhA gayA hai.. vyavahAra meM puruSa use Aja bhI apanI dAsI hI samajhanA cAhatA hai| vaidika dharma meM jahA~ upAsa yA upAsikA mAtra putra-prApti kI hI kAmanA rakhate haiM, vahIM jaina-dharma meM putra evaM putrI kI prA hetu samAna rUpa se prArthanA kI gayI hai| hindU dharma meM dhArmika dRSTi se putra mahattvapUrNa mAnA meM hai kintu karma siddhAnta meM AsthAvAn jaina-dharma yaha mAnatA hai ki vyakti kI sadgati putra ke nahIM pratyuta apane dvArA kiye gaye satkarmoM se hotI hai| ataH santAna dvArA pratipAdita karmakA pUrvajoM ko prabhAvita nahIM krte| jaina-dharma meM bhikSaNI saMgha kI vyavasthA mahilAoM ke lie eka aisA sudRr3ha zaraNasthala ra hai, jisake dvAra sabhI varga, jAti va varNa kI mahilAoM kA svAgata karate haiM, jisake phalasvara satI-prathA jaisI vIbhatsa kuprathA kabhI apanA sira nahIM uThA skii| Aja bhI hamAre hindU samAja meM daheja kI balivedI para apane ko nyauchAvara karane vAlI mahilAoM kI saMkhyA meM kamI nahIM jA rahI hai, jisakA eka mAtra kAraNa yahI hai ki dUsaroM (pitA evaM pati) ke ghara ke atirikA unakA svayaM kA koI svatantra Azraya-sthala nahIM hotA pariNAmasvarUpa unheM mauta kA AliMgA karanA hI par3atA hai| jaina-dharma kA bhikSuNI saMgha eka aisA sazakta sAmAjika praharI siddha huAI jo daheja-prathA Adi burAiyoM kA praveza samAja meM niSiddha karatA hai| isa prakAra bhikSuNI saMghane vidhavA, parityaktA evaM kumAriyoM kA rakSA-kavaca banakara unheM puruSa ke zoSaNa evaM atyAcAra, kA zikAra hone se bacAyA hai| Aja bhI jaina bhikSuNiyoM kI saMkhyA jaina bhikSuoM se tIna gunI adhika hai| isa prakAra bhikSuNI saMgha ne na kevala nArI ko sAmAjika utpIr3ana evaM puruSa ke 1. 'jai NaM ahaM dAragaM vA payAyAmi to NaM ahaM jAyaM ya jAva annuvuddddemitti|' jJAtAdharmakathA 1, 2, 11
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________________ atyAcAroM se bacAyA hai, pratyuta unheM unakI khoI huI garimA vApasa dilAkara, unheM sammAnapUrNa evaM svAvalambI jIvana jInA sikhAyA hai| ataH niHsandigdha rUpa se bhikSuNI saMgha jaisI vyavasthA vartamAna sandarbha meM Avazyaka pratIta hotI hai| jaina-darzana dvArA pradatta anekAntavAda evaM syAdvAda ke siddhAnta na kevala isa darzana kI udAratA evaM sUjha-bUjha ko darzAte haiM, apitu ye vartamAna sAmAjika sandarbha meM bhI upAdeya siddha ho sakate haiM, kyoMki yaha siddhAnta vaicArika sahiSNutA kA pratipAdana karatA hai| Aja hamAre samAja meM vyApta sAmpradAyikatA, dharmAndhatA, vargavAda, jAtivAda, rAjanaitika asahiSNutA ne sampUrNa vizva ko tanAva meM DAlakara vikSubdha kara rakhA hai, mAtra itanA hI nahIM, pratyut sAmAjika mUlyoM ke avamUlyana evaM sAmAjika aura pArivArika jIvana ko viSAkta banAne kA zreya bhI vaicArika asahiSNutA ko hI jAtA hai| vaicArika asahiSNutA se Azaya hai -- mAtra apane hI vicAroM kI satyatA para Agraha arthAt yaha mAnanA ki merA hI vicAra athavA jJAna satya hai, anya kA nhiiN| isa prakAra ke mithyA Agraha se hI vivAda evaM saMgharSa kA janma hotA hai, jo sAmAjika viSAda, vigraha evaM vaimanasya kA kAraNa banatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki jo apane-apane mata kI prazaMsA aura dUsare mata kI nindA karane meM hI apanA pANDitya dikhAte haiM aura loka ko satya se bhaTakAte haiM, ve ekAntavAdI svayaM saMsAra cakra meM bhaTakate rahate haiN| anekAntavAda kA siddhAnta hameM vaicArika sahiSNutA kI dRSTi pradAna karake hameM dUsare ke vicAroM kA sammAna karanA sikhAtA hai, hameM isa bodha se avagata karAtA hai ki satya hamArI nijI sampatti nahIM, pratyut yaha dUsaroM ke pAsa bhI ho sakatA hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra satya ke aneka pakSa haiM (anantadharmAtmakaM vastuH ) aura Agraha yA vaicArika asahiSNutA satya ke bAdhaka tattva hai| Agraha rAga kA paryAya hai, jisakI upasthiti meM satya kA darzana asambhava hai| ke dhArmika asahiSNutA jisake phalasvarUpa na kevala hamAre deza kA vAtAvaraNa viSAkta hotA jA rahA hai, apitu videzoM meM bhI dharma ke nAma para hone vAle jaghanya duSkRtya mAnavatA ko zarmindA karate haiN| vaicArika sahiSNutA ke phalasvarUpa hI dhArmika saMvAda (Religious Dialogue ) sambhava hai, jisake dvArA dhArmika sadbhAva kA vAtAvaraNa taiyAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, jisakI vartamAna samaya ko mahatI AvazyakatA hai| dhArmika dRSTi se vaicArika sahiSNutA yA dhArmika-saMvAda kA Azaya sabhI dharmoM kA kisI eka dharma meM vilaya karake, unake svatantra astitva ko samApta karanA yA unameM nihita mAtra ekatA ko hI dUr3hanA nahIM hai, apitu unako unake svatantra astitva meM dekhanA, unake bhedoM yA viziSTatAoM ko usa dharma yA sampradAya ke vyaktiyoM kI dRSTi se dekhanA aura usameM nihita satyatA ko svIkAra karanA hai| vaicArika sahiSNutA se na kevala dhArmika kSetra meM pratyuta rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, pArivArika Adi sabhI kSetroM meM sahiSNutA kI sthApanA kara tajjanya saMgharSoM evaM vidveSoM se bacA jA sakatA hai| 1. sayaM sayaM pasaMsatA garahaMtA paraM vayaM / jeutatya viussanti: ssiyaa|| sutrakatAMga 11112123 Jain ducator Thternational Of Pilvate & Personal use only
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________________ zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 162 jaina-dharma bhAgya kI apekSA puruSArtha yA karma ko pradhAnatA detA hai| isa dRSTi se bhI sarAhanIya hai| Aja kA mAnava bhAgyavAdI na hokara puruSArthavAdI hai, jisake phalasvarUpa candramA taka pahuMca cukA hai| jainadharma karmavAdI hone ke kAraNa hI Izvara jaisI kisI sattA vizvAsa nahIM karatA, jo prANiyoM se acche va bure karmoM ko sampanna karAtA hai| manuSya stha apane pApa aura puNya ke liye uttaradAyI hai, vaha svayaM apanA bhAgya-vidhAtA hai| bhAgya se IzvarIya sattA kI kalpanA hamAre andara akarmaNyatA kI bhAvanA ko protsAhita karatI hai|
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________________ vaidika sAhitya meM jaina paramparA - pro. dayAnanda bhArgava vaidika sAhitya meM zramaNa paramparA DhUMDhane ke aneka prayatna hue haiN| una prayatnoM meM Rgveda yA yajurveda jaise prAcIna sAhitya meM RSabhadeva yA ariSTanemi jaise nAmoM kI upalabdhi ke AdhAra para jaina dharma kI prAcInatA middhakarane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai athavA vaidika sAhitya kI mukhya dhArA se haTa kara jahAM kahIM vidroha kA svara milA use zramaNa paramparA kA prabhAva mAna liyA gayA hai| udAharaNataH vrAtya logoM ko zramaNoM kA pratinidhi mAna liyA gayA kyoMki vrAtya AryoM kI mUla saMskRti se haTakara AcaraNa karate the| jahA~ nivRtti-dharmaparaka bAta AI use bhI zramaNa skRiti kA sUcaka mAna liyA gyaa| hama prastuta nibandha meM apane pUrvavartI vidvAnoM se haTa kara yaha dikhalAne kA prayatna karegeM ki zramaNa paramparA ke jina mUlyoM ko vaidika sAhitya meM sthAna milA unheM vaidika samAja ne yathAvat grahaNa nahIM kiyA, balki apanI taraha se DhAla kara AtmasAta kiyaa| yadi UparI samAnatA ke AdhAra para hI hama yaha mAna leM ki vaidika sAhitya ke amuka prasaMgoM meM zramaNa paramparA pratiphalita hotI hai to bhAratIya saMskRti kI hamArI samajha apUrNa hI raha jaayegii| yaha bhI spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka hogA ki zramaNa paramparA kI do dhArAoM jaina aura bauddhoM ko ekArthaka nahIM mAna liyA jAnA caahiye| prastuta nibandha meM hama vaidika sAhitya meM kevala jaina paramparA ke prabhAva kI chAyA DhU~r3hane kA prayatna kreNge| zramaNa paramparA jaina paramparA kA paryAyavAcI nahIM hai| udAharaNataH anekAnta kA prasaMga leM to patA calegA ki jainoM ke isa siddhAnta kA khaMDana kevala zaMkara jaise vaidika paramparA ke vyakti ne hI nahIM kiyA apitu zAntarakSita jaise zramaNa paramparA ke bauddha AcArya ne bhI kiyaa| isake viparIta pUrva mImAMsaka vaidika paramparA ke hokara bhI anekAnta ke samarthaka rhe| ataH vaidika banAma zramaNa kI nArA bahuta suvicArita nahIM hai| vaidika sAhitya meM vicAroM kA vikAsa huA aura hajAroM varSa ke cintana ke anantara eka vyApaka saMskRti kA nirmANa huaa| isa vyApaka saMskRti ke nirmANa meM zramaNa paramparA bhI apanA yogadAna detI rhii| isa yogadAna kI AdAna-pradAna ke rUpa meM dvividha prakriyA clii| usa prakriyA ke tantu itane sUkSma the ki usake phalasvarUpa jisa sAmAsika saMskRti kA nirmANa huA usameM zramaNa aura vaidika ko pRthak-pRthak kara pAnA Aja kaThina hai| zaMkarAcArya ke mAyAvAda para bauddha darzana ke zUnyavAda kA prabhAva DhU~r3hane vAle viddhana jahA~ zaMkarAcArya ke dAdA guru gaur3apAda kI mANDUkya-kArikA meM bauddha dArzanika nAgArjuna kI kArikAoM kI chAyA dekhane kA prayatna karegeM
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________________ zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 1992 aura sambhavataH unake samarthana meM svayaM vaidika paramparA ke hI naiyAyikoM dvArA zaMkarAcArya ko diyA gayA viruda ardha-vainAzika eka pramANa bhI bana jAye, vahAM dUsarI ora svayaM vedAntI zAMkara vedAnta meM kisI bhI prakAra kI zramaNa paramparA kI chAyA se iMkAra karate hue use vizuddha vaidika zrutimUlaka darzana ghoSita kregeN| kisI bhI paramparA meM mukhya dhArA se haTa kara virodhI svara bhI sadA rahate hI haiN| ina virodhI svaroM ko sadA kisI dUsarI paramparA kA prabhAva hI mAna lenA yukti-yukta nhiiN| kisI bhI dArzanika tathA dhArmika paramparA kA mUla srota jIvana hai| jIvana kI anityatA kA tathya eka aisA srota hai jisase nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM kisI bhI vicArazIla puruSa ke mana meM vairAgya kA bhAva jAganA svAbhAvika hai| jahAM-jahAM vairAgya kI bhAvanA hai vaha saba kisI eka paramparA kA prabhAva hI hai -- yaha mAnyatA ucita nahIM hai| phira bhI yadi do paramparAyeM eka sAtha hajAroM varSoM taka raheM to unakA eka dUsare para prabhAva na par3e yaha saMbhava nhiiN| eka kaThinAI yaha hai ki jaina paramparA bahuta prAcIna hai, kintu usakA sAhitya bahuta arvAcIna hai| jaina Agama ke prAcInatama aMza 2300 varSa purAne haiM kintu adhikAMza sAhitya pichalI do sahasrAbdiyoM meM nirmita huaa| udhara prAcIna upaniSadoM taka kA vizAla vaidika sAhitya 2500 varSa se bhI adhika prAcIna hai| ataH usa sAhitya para zramaNa paramparA kA kitanA prabhAva par3A, yaha kahanA kaThina hai| sAmAnyataH to yahI anumAna lagAyA jAyegA ki zramaNa saMskRti hI vaidika sAhitya se prabhAvita huI kintu ina donoM saMskRtiyoM kI kucha apanI aisI vizeSatAyeM haiM jinake AdhAra para kisa saMskRti meM kauna sA tatva vijAtIya hai - yaha kahA jA sakatA hai| vaidika paramparA ke cAra puruSArthoM meM artha tathA kAma para zramaNa paramparA kA koI prabhAva nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jahAM taka dharma puruSArtha kA saMbaMdha hai vaidika sAhitya meM dharma samAja. rAjanIti tathA arthanIti jaise laukika viSayoM se jur3A hai jaba ki jaina paramparA meM dharma mokSa puruSArtha kA hI apara paryAya hai| vyAsa ke anusAra dharma, artha aura kAma kA sAdhaka hai| jaina paramparA meM dharma kA eka mAtra prayojana mokSa hai na ki artha athavA kaam| tapa jaise viSaya ke saMdarbha meM isa aMtara ko spaSTa samajhA jA sakatA hai| jaina dharma meM tapasyA kI bahuta mahimA hai| vaidika sAhitya meM bhI veda se lekara purANoM taka tapasyA kA bArambAra ullekha hai| kintu eka antara spaSTa dekhane meM AtA hai| vaidika paramparA meM hara tapasyA kA anta kisI varadAna kI prApti se hotA hai| jabaki jaina paramparA meM mujhe eka bhI aisA udAharaNa dhyAna meM nahIM AtA jahAM tapasyA ke badale meM tapasyA karane vAle ne koI varadAna mAMgA ho| jaina paramparA meM tapasyA nirjarA kA kAraNa hai jabaki vaidika paramparA meM tapasyA kisI laukika kAmanA kI siddhi kA sAdhana hai yahAM taka ki kumAra saMbhava' meM jaba kAlidAsa ne ziva ko tapasyA karate hue dikhAyA to unheM kahanA par3A -- "kenApi kAmena tpshccaar|" vaidika saMskAroM se prabhAvita kAlidAsa kA mana yaha nahIM soca sakA ki tapasyA binA kAmanA ke bhI kI jA sakatI hai| kintu ziva jaise Apta-kAma ke sAtha kyA kAmanA joDI jAye
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________________ pro. dayAnanda bhArgava yaha bhI ve nahIM soca ske| isaliye mAno rahasyavAda kI bhASA meM unheM kahanA par3A-kenApi kAmena tpshccaar| tapasyA ke samAna hI eka dUsarA mUlya maitrI hai jisakA ullekha vaidika sAhitya meM bArambAra hai| yajurveda meM kAmanA kI gaI hai ki maiM sabako maitrI kI dRSTi se dekhU aura saba mujhe maitrI pUrNa dRSTi se dekheN| zatapatha brAhmaNa meM kahA gayA hai ki jo sabakA mitra hotA hai aura vaha kisI kI hiMsA nahIM karatA, kintu vaidika sAhitya kI isa maitrI kI avadhAraNA ko bhI jaina paramparA kI ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA se pRthak karake dekhanA Avazyaka hai| isa saMdarbha meM tIna sAhityika pramANa dhyAtavya haiM -- 1. gItA meM arjuna dvArA ahiMsA ke mUlya ko hI Age rakha kara yuddha na karane kI bAta kahI gaI hai| yaha satya hai ki vaha apane bhAI-bandhuoM ke moha meM Asakta hai aura isaliye jaina dRSTi se bhI usakI bhAvanA ahiMsA ke liye Avazyaka vItarAgatA se paripUrNa na hokara rAgapUrNa hI hai| kintu yaha bhI satya hai ki jaina dRSTi se aisI sthiti meM arjuna ko yuddha ke liye prerita karanA nyAya saMgata nahIM thaa| kintu kRSNa ne jo arjuna ko yuddha ke lie preraNA dI usakA mukhya AdhAra yaha thA ki yuddha kSatriya kA dharma hai| jaina dRSTi se yuddha hamArI kamajorI yA lAcArI ho sakatI hai, dharma nhiiN| isa maulika matabheda ko dhyAna meM rakheM to gItA meM ve saba aMza jinameM ApAtataH zramaNa saMskRti kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai eka prakAra se zramaNa saMskRti ke mUlyoM ko vaidika paramparA ke mUlyoM kI apekSA gauNa evaM AnuSajhika banAne dene kA prayatna hI mAnA jaayegaa| isameM sandeha nahIM ki gItAkAra ko sthita-prajJa kA svarUpa nirUpaNa karate samaya zramaNa saMskRti ke sarvottama mUlyoM kA pUrA AbhAsa hai| kintu sAtha hI yaha bhI niHsaMdigdha hai ki gItAkAra apane pAThaka ko yaha batAnA cAhate haiM ki zramaNa saMskRti ke lakSyoM kI prApti ke liye jIvana ke saMgharSa se usa prakAra ke palAyana kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai jise zramaNa saMskRti muni dharma nAma detI hai| isa sthiti ko maiM gItA para zramaNa saMskRti ke prabhAva kI apekSA vaidika saMskRti kI zreSThatA udghoSita karane kA prayAsa hI mAnUMgA, yadyapi gItA kI jo vyAkhyA zaMkarAcArya athavA vinobA bhAve ne kI use maiM zramaNa saMskRti kA prabhAva hI khuuNgaa| kintu gItA kI eka vyAkhyA lokamAnya tilaka kI bhI hai aura vartamAna meM sAmAnya hinda ke mana ko tilaka kI hI vyAkhyA jyAdA samIcIna pratIta hotI hai| 2. ahiMsA ke saMdarbha meM eka dUsarA prasaMga kAlidAsa ke 'abhijJAna zAkuntala' kA hai zloka kA artha isa prakAra hai - yajJa meM pazu hiMsA karane vAlA brAhmaNa krUra nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki vaha zAstrokta karma kara rahA hai| isa prakAra jahAM gItA meM yuddha ke prasaMga meM kSatriya dvArA zastra saMcAlana dharma mAna liyA vahAM yajJa ke prasaMga meM brAhmaNa dvArA pazu kA Alambhana dharma mAnA gyaa| sAmAnyataH aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki yajJa meM pazu-bali kA jainoM ne bahuta virodha kiyaa| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki jaina kisI bhI prakAra kI hiMsA ke viruddha the| kintu jainoM ke 1. abhijJAna zakuntalam -6/1 zahaje kila je viNindide Na hu ze kamma vivjjnniiake| Jain EdupazumAli kalei kAlaNA chakkammA viduve di zottike | Methly
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________________ zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 1982 sAhitya meM mujhe kahIM bhI yajJa meM kI jAne vAlI pazu-hiMsA kA virodha bahuta AgrahapUrvaka kiyA gayA nahIM milaa| itanA to pratyakSa-gocara hai ki Aja zrauta yajJoM meM pazu-bali nahIM hotii| aisI sthiti meM yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki yaha prabhAva-zramaNa paramparA kA hai yA usa gopAlaka vaiSNava paramparA kA jo pazu hiMsA kI apekSA pazupAlana aura mAMsAhAra kI apekSA zAkAhAra para itanA adhika bala detI thI ki Aja bolacAla kI bhASA meM vaiSNava-bhojana zAkAhAra kA paryAyavAcI bana gayA hai| 3. pataMjali ke yoga-sUtra meM yamoM meM prathama ahiMsA kA vivecana karate samaya usa para jaina paramparA kA prabhAva vivecana karate samaya jaina paramparA kA prabhAva pratyakSa dikhAI detA hai| vahAM kisI bhI sthiti meM hiMsA kI chUTa na dene ko mahAvrata kahA gayA hai| kinhIM vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM hiMsA kI chUTa rakhanA hamArI kamajorI ho sakatI hai, kintu dharma nhiiN| yaha vivecana sarvathA jaina dharma ke anukUla hai| yaha mAnanA hogA ki jaina dharma ke ahiMsA ke siddhAMta ne antatogatvA vaidika paramparA ke sAhitya meM eka aisA mahatvapUrNa sthAna prApta kara liyA ki Aja kI sAmayika bhAratIya saMskRti kI kalpanA bhI ahiMsA ke binA nahIM kI jA sakatI tathApi yaha mAnanA bhI nitAnta bhrAntipUrNa hai ki ahiMsA bhAratIya jana-jIvana kA koI aMga bana gaI hai| svayaM jaina samAja hI jaina paramparAbhimata ahiMsA kI Avazyaka zarta aparigraha kA pAlana karane meM asamartha rahA hai phira jaina samAja meM to ahiMsA ke vyavahAra meM Ane kA prazna hI kahA~ uThatA hai ? itanA avazya hai ki vaidika paramparA meM bhI zaMkara, gAndhI aura vinobA jaise kucha manISI apiragrahAnuprANita ahiMsA ke prati utane hI samarpita rahe jitane kunda-kunda, haribhadra athavA zrImad rAjacandra jaise jaina-manISI aura ina aMzoM meM zramaNa paramparA ne vaidika sAhitya ko bhI prabhAvita kiyA hai| jaina darzana kA eka mahatvapUrNa sUtra hai smtaa| samatA kA artha hai -- sukha-dukha, hAni-lAbha, mAna-apamAna meM samAnatA kA bhAva rkhnaa| yaha eka aisA vyAvahArika siddhAnta hai jo pUre bhAratIya vAGmaya meM pratibimbita huaa| isa samAnatA kA mukhya AdhAra hai viitraagtaa| indriyoM ke anukUla viSayoM kI prApti hone para prasannatA kA bhAva samatA bhAva kA virodhI hai| veda sAhitya ko chor3akara upaniSad ke bAda ke sabhI sAhitya meM vairAgya kI carcA kI gaI hai| kintu vaidika sAhitya meM vairAgya ke aneka Adarza haiN| rAjarSi janaka rAjya karate hue bhI virakta hai aura videha-mukta kahalAte haiN| upaniSad ke aneka RSi sone se maMr3he hue sIgoM vAlI gAyoM ko pAkara prasanna hote haiM yadyapi ve brahma jJAnI haiN| kaThopaniSad meM naciketA sAMsArika sukha-vaibhava ke prati vairAgya pradarzita karatA hai kintu phira bhI vaha eka vAkya meM aisA tathya udaghoSita kara detA hai jo usake vairAgya ko zramaNa paramparA ke vairAgya se bhinna karatA hai| vaha yamarAja se kahatA hai -- lapsyAmahe vitta madrAkSma cetvA / yaha vAkya naciketA ke mana kI parigraha-saMjJA ko hI abhivyakta karatA hai| phira bhI isameM saMdeha nahIM upaniSadoM meM vairAgya kI bhAvanA kA khUba vikAsa huaa| 1. kaThopaniSad, vallI 1/27
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________________ pro. dayAnanda bhArgava aisA samajhA jAtA hai ki mahAtmA gAMdhI kI jIvana dRSTi para zramaNa paramparA kA bahuta prabhAva hai kintu jisa prakAra tapasyA athavA vairAgya ke mUlya ko vaidika paramparA ne apane hI raMga meM DhAla kara apanAyA usI prakAra mahAtma gAMdhI ne ahiMsA kA upayoga bhI jisa DhaMga se kiyA vaha jaina paramparA ke liye aparicita hai| gAMdhI jI ke ahiMsA ke kucha prayoga namaka satyAgraha jaisI ghaTanAoM meM nihita haiN| yahAM sattA ke anucita Adeza ke viruddha ahiMsAtmaka DhaMga se kAryavAhI kI gaI hai| isI prakAra harijanoM ke maMdira-praveza ke prazna ko lekara yA noAkhalI ke sAmpradAyika daMgoM ko lekara mahAtmA gAMdhI kA AmaraNa anazana karanA eka abhinava prayoga hai| una prayogoM meM mahAtmA gAMdhI ne anyAya ke viruddha ahiMsA kA prayoga eka zastra ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| ahiMsA kA aisA upayoga zramaNa paramparA meM mahAtmA gAMdhI ke pahale bhI nahIM huA thA aura mahAtmA gAMdhI ke bAda bhI nahIM huaa| jaina paramparA itanI ahiMsaka hai ki vaha kisI anaitika kArya karane vAle ko naitika dabAva DAlakara bhI nahIM rokanA caahtii| kintu samAja ko kendra meM rakhane vAlI vaidika paramparA meM mahAtmA gAMdhI ne ahiMsA kA upayoga naitika dabAva ke rUpa meM karane kA nayA mArga prazasta kiyaa| niSkarSa yaha hai ki ahiMsA, samatA, vairAgya, aparigraha Adi jaina paramparA ke aneka mUlya vaidika sAhitya meM pratibimbita hue kintu vaidika paramparA ne ina saba mUlyoM ko yathAvat grahaNa na karake apane DhaMga se DhAlakara grahaNa kiyA aura isa prakAra vaidika paramparA apanA pRthak hI astitva banAye rakha skii| phira bhI sAmAsika bhAratIya saMskRti ke nirmANa meM zramaNa paramparA ke yogadAna kI upekSA nahIM kI jA sakatI lekina sAtha hI yaha bhI nahIM bhulAyA jA sakatA ki vaidika sAhitya ne jaina paramparA ke mUlyoM kA nayA artha diyA aura ahiMsA, samatA, vairAgya, aparigraha Adi zabdoM kA prayoga yadyapi vaidika tathA zramaNa jaina sAhitya meM samAna rUpa se huA kintu ina zabdoM kA tAtparya donoM paramparAoM meM eka hI nahIM hai| yogasUtra jaise grantha avazya isake apavAda haiM jahAM ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA vahI hai jo jaina paramparA meM hai| - RSabhadeva pratiSThAna dillI dvArA Ayojita bhAratIya sAhitya meM zramaNa paramparA-saMgoSThI, dinAMka 25,27 va 28 janavarI, 1990 *AcArya evaM adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga, jodhapura vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura
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________________ zvetAmbara mUlasaMgha evaM mAthura saMgha : eka vimarza - pro. sAgaramala jaina sAmAnyatayA jaina vidyA ke vidvAnoM evaM zodhakartAoM kI yaha spaSTa avadhAraNA hai ki mUlasaMgha aura mAthurasaMgha kA sambandha jainadharma kI digambara paramparA se hI hai, kyoMki jaina abhilekhoM evaM sAhityika srotoM meM mUlasaMgha evaM mAthurasaMgha ke ullekha sAmAnyatayA digambara paramparA ke sAtha hI pAye jAte haiN| saMyoga se lekhaka ko jainavidyA saMsthAna kI baiThaka meM lakhanaU jAne kA prasaMga AyA aura vahA~ use DaoN. zailendra kumAra rastogI Adi ke sahayoga se mathurA kI jaina mUrtiyoM ke saMgraha ko dekhane kA avasara milA, vahA~ jaba usane mathurA se prApta IsA kI dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdI kI padmAsana mudrA meM lagabhaga 5 phITa UMcI vizAlakAya lekhayukta tIna jina pratimAyeM dekhI, to use eka sukhada Azcarya huaa| kyoMki ina tIna pratimAoM para zvetAmbara mUlasaMgha aura zvetAmbara mAthurasaMgha ke ullekha pAye jAte haiM jo ki atyanta virala hai| isake pUrva taka lekhaka kI bhI yaha spaSTa avadhAraNA thI ki zve. paramparA meM kisI bhI kAla meM mUlasaMgha aura mAthurasaMgha kA astitva nahIM rahA hai| ataH usane dhyAnapUrvaka ina lekhoM kA adhyayana karanA prAraMbha kiyaa| sarvaprathama lakhanaU myUjiyama ke usa rikArDa ko dekhA gayA jisameM ina mUrtiyoM kA vivaraNa thaa| yaha rikArDa jIrNa-zIrNa evaM TaMkita rUpa meM upalabdha hai| rikArDa ko dekhane para jJAta huA ki usameM J 143 krama kI pArzvanAtha kI pratimA ke vivaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha abhilekha kI vAcanA bhI romana akSaroM meM dI gaI hai jisakA devanAgarI rUpAntaraNa isa prakAra hai-- saMvat 1036 kArtikazuklAekAdazyAM zrIzvetAmbaramUlasaMghena pazcima catu (zyI), kayaM zrIdevanirmitA pratimA prtisthaapitaa| dUsarI J 144 krama kI pratimA ke nIce jo abhilekha hai usakA vAcana isa prakAra diyA gayA zvetAmbara.... mAthura...... devanimmitA...... prtisthaapitaa| tIsarI 1 145 krama kI mUrti para jo abhilekha aMkita hai usakI vAcanA nimnAnusAra hai -- saMvat 1134 zrIzvetAmbara zrImAthurasaMgha zrIdevateti vinirmitApratimAkRta
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________________ 16 zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 1882 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki ina tInoM abhilekhoM meM se eka abhilekha meM zvetAmbara mUlasaMgha aura do abhilekhoM meM zvetAmbara mAthurasaMgha kA ullekha hai| vI. e. smitha ne apanI kRti 'di jaina stUpa eNDa adara eNTIkyUTIja Apha mathurA meM inameM se do lekhayukta mUrtiyoM ko prakAzita kiyA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI ullekha kiyA hai ki phyUrara ke anusAra ye donoM mUrtiyA~ mathurA ke zvetAmbara saMgha ko samarpita thIM / sva. pro. ke. DI. bAjapeyI ne bhI 'jaina zramaNa paramparA' nAmaka apane lekha meM, jo kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura se prakAzita 'arhat vacana' patrikA ke janavarI 1992 ke aMka meM prakAzita huA hai, inameM se do abhilekhoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| inake anusAra J 143 krama kI pratimA ke abhilekha kI vAcanA isa prakAra hai ---- "saMvat 1038 kArtika zukla ekAdazyAM zrI zvetAmbara (mAthura ) saMghena pazcima... kAryAM zrI devanimmita pratimA pratiSThApitA / " --- isI prakAra J 145 krama kI pratimA ke abhilekha kI unakI vAcanA nimnAnusAra hai - "saMvat 1134 zrI zvetAmbara zrI mAthura saMgha zrI devanirmita pratimA kAriteti / " -- pro. bAjapeyI kI J 143 krama kI pratimA kI vAcanA phyUrara kI vAcanA se kvacit bhinna hai, prathama to unhoMne saMvat ko 1036 ke sthAna para 1038 par3hA hai dUsare mUlasaMghena ko ( mAthura ) saMghena ke rUpa meM par3hA hai / yadyapi uparyukta donoM vAcanAoM 'zvetAmbara' evaM 'mAthurasaMgha ke sambandha meM vAcanA kI dRSTi se kisI prakAra kA koI matabheda nahIM hai| mUlasaMghena pATha ke sambandha meM thor3e gambhIra adhyayana kI apekSA hai / sarvaprathama hama isI sambandha meM vistAra se carcA kreNge| jaba maine J 143 kramAMka kI mUrti ke lekha ko svayaM dekhA to yaha pAyA ki usameM utkIrNa zvetAmbara zabda bahuta hI spaSTa hai aura anya do pratimAoM meM bhI zvetAmbara zabda kI upasthiti hone se usake vAcana meM koI bhrAnti kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| 'mUla' zabda ke pazcAt kA saMghena zabda bhI spaSTa rUpa se par3hane meM AtA hai kintu madhya kA vaha zabda jise phyUrara ne 'mUla' aura pro. bAjapeyI ne 'mAthura' par3hA hai, spaSTa nahIM hai / jo abhilekha kI pratilipi mujhe prApta hai aura jo smitha ke grantha meM prakAzita hai usameM prathama 'ma' to spaSTa hai kintu dUsarA akSara spaSTa nahIM hai, use 'la' 'lu' aura 'thu' ina tInoM rUpoM meM par3hA jA sakatA hai| use 'mUla' mAnane meM kaThinAI yaha hai ki 'ma' ke sAtha 'U kI mAtrA' spaSTa nahIM hai| yadi hama use 'mAthura' par3hate haiM to 'ma' meM A kI mAtrA aura ra kA abhAva pAte haiM / sAmAnyatayA abhilekhoM meM kabhI-kabhI mAtrAoM ko utkIrNa karane meM asAvadhAniyAM ho jAtI haiN| yahI kAraNa rahA hai ki mAtrA kI sambhAvanA mAnakara jahAM phyUrara ke vAcana ke AdhAra para lakhanaU myUjiyama ke upalabdha rikArDa meM 'mUla' mAnA gayA hai| trA ke abhAva ke kAraNa ise 'mUla' par3hane meM kaThinAI kA anubhava kI mAtrA' ke abhAva ke
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina kiyA aura anya pratimAoM meM 'mAthura zabda kI upasthiti ke AdhAra para apanI vAcanA meM 'mAthura zabda ko koSThakAntagata rakhakara mAthura pATha kI saMbhAvanA ko sUcita kiyaa| yaha satya hai ki isa pratimA ke lagabhaga 100 varSa pazcAt kI do pratimAoM meM mAthura zabda kA spaSTa ullekha hone se unakA jhukAva mAthura zabda kI ora huA hai kintu mujhe jitanI Apatti mUla pATha ko mAnane meM haiM usase adhika Apatti unake 'mAthura' pATha ko mAnane meM hai kyoMki 'mUla pATha'mAnane meM to kevala 'U kI mAtrA kA abhAva pratIta hotA hai jabaki mAthura pATha mAnane meM 'A kI mAtrA ke abhAva ke sAtha-sAtha 'ra' kA bhI abhAva khaTakatA hai| isa sambandha meM adhika nizcitatA ke lie maiM DaoN. zailendra kumAra rastogI se samparka kara rahA hU~ aura unake uttara kI pratIkSA hai| sAtha hI svayaM bhI lakhanaU jAkara usa pratimA lekha kA adhika gambhIratA se adhyayana karane kA prayAsa karUMgA aura yadi koI spaSTa samAdhAna mila sakA to pAThakoM ko sUcita kruuNgaa| mujhe duHkha ke sAtha sUcita karanA par3a rahA hai ki AdaraNIya pro.ke.DI. bAjapeyI kA svargavAsa ho gayA hai| phira bhI pAThakoM ko svayaM jAnakArI prApta karane ke lie yaha sUcita kara denA Avazyaka samajhatA hU~ ki yaha J143 krama kI pratimA lakhanaU myUjiyama ke praveza dvAra se saMlagna prakoSTha ke madhya meM pradarzita hai| isakI UMcAI lagabhaga 5 phITa hai| 1 143 krama kI pratimA ke abhilekha ke mUla aura 'mAthura zabda ke vAcana ke isa vivAda ko chor3akara tInoM pratimAoM ke abhilekhoM ke vAcana meM kisI bhrAMti kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| una sabhI pratimAoM meM zvetAmbara zabda spaSTa hai| mAthura zabda bhI anya pratimAoM para spaSTa hI hai, phira bhI yahA~ isa sambandha meM uThane vAlI anya zaMkAoM para vicArakara lenA anupayukta nahIM hogaa| yaha zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki inameM kahIM zvetAmbara zabda ko bAda meM to utkIrNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai ? kintu yaha saMbhAvanA nimna AdhAroM para nirasta ho jAtI hai :1. ye tInoM hI pratimAeM mathurA ke utkhanana ke pazcAta se zAsanAdhIna rahI haiM ataH unake lekhoM meM paravartI kAla meM kisI paramparA dvArA parivartana kI saMbhAvanA svataH hI nirasta ho jAtI hai| punaH zvetAmbara mUla saMgha aura mAthura saMgha tInoM hI zabda abhilekhoM ke madhya meM hone se unake paravartIkAla meM utkIrNa kiye jAne kI AzaMkA bhI samApta ho jAtI hai| 2. pratimAoM kI racanAzailI aura abhilekhoM kI lipi eka hI kAla kI hai| yadi lekha paravartI hote to unakI lipi meM svAbhAvika rUpa se antara A jaataa| 3. ina pratimAoM ke zvetAmbara hone kI puSTi isa AdhAra para bhI ho jAtI hai ki pratimA krama J143 ke nIce pAdapITha para do muniyoM kA aMkana hai, unake pAsa morapicchI ke sthAna para zve. paramparA meM pracalita Una se nirmita rajoharaNa pradarzita hai| 4. utkhanana se yaha bhI siddha ho cukA hai ki mathurA ke stUpa ke pAsa hI zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM ke alaga mandira the| jahA~ digambara paramparA kA mandira pazcima kI ora thA, vahA~ zvetAmbara mandira stUpa ke nikaTa hI thaa| 5. ina tInoM pratimAoM ke zve. hone kA eka AdhAra yaha hai ki tInoM hI pratimAoM meM zrI devanirmita zabda kA prayoga huA hai| zvetAmbara sAhityika srotoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki
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________________ 18 zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 1982 usameM mathurA ke stUpa ko devanirmita mAnane kI paramparA thii| sAtavIM zatAbdI se lekara terahavIM zatAbdI taka ke aneka zvetAmbara granthoM meM isa stUpa ko devanirmita kahA gayA hai| pro. ke. DI. bAjapeyI ne jo yaha kalpanA kI hai ki ina mUrtiyoM ko zrI devanirmita kahane kA abhiprAya zrI deva (jina) ke sammAna meM ina mUrtiyoM kA nirmita honA hai| vaha bhrAMta hai| unheM devanirmita stUpa sthala para pratiSThita karane ke kAraNa devanirmita kahA gayA hai| zve. sAhityika srotoM se yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki jinabhadra, haribhadra, bappabhaTTi, vIrasUri Adi zvetAmbara muni mathurA Aye the / haribhadra ne yahA~ mahAnizItha Adi granthoM ke punarlekhana kA kArya tathA yahA~ ke stUpa aura mandiroM ke jIrNoddhAra ke kArya karavAye the| 9vIM zatI meM paTTasUri ke dvArA mathurA ke stUpa evaM mandiroM ke punanirmANa ke ullekha suspaSTa haiM / isa AdhAra para mathurA meM zve. saMgha evaM zve. mandira kI upasthiti nirvivAda rUpa se siddha ho jAtI hai / aba mUla prazna yaha hai ki kyA zvetAmbaroM meM koI mUlasaMgha aura mAthura saMgha thA aura yadi thA to vaha kaba, kyoM aura kisa paristhiti meM astitva meM AyA ? mUlasaMgha aura zvetAmbara paramparA mathurA ke pratimA kramAMka J 143 ke abhilekha ke phyUrara ke vAcana ke atirikta abhI taka koI bhI aisA abhilekhIya evaM sAhityaka pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai jisake AdhAra para yaha siddha kiyA jA sake ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM kabhI mUla saMgha kA astitva rahA hai| jaisA ki hama pUrva meM sUcita kara cuke haiM isa abhilekha vAcana ke sambandha meM bhI do mata haiM vidvAnoM ne use 'zrI zvetAmbara mUlasaMghena paDhA hai, jabaki pro. ke. DI. bAjapeyI ne isake 'zrI zvetAmbara ( mAthura ) saMghena' hone kI sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai| phyUrara Adi kucha -- sAmAnyatayA mUlasaMgha ke ullekha digambara paramparA ke sAtha hI pAye jAte haiN| Aja yaha mAnA jAtA hai mUlasaMgha kA sambandha digambara paramparA ke kundakundAnvaya se rahA hai / kintu yadi abhilekhIya aura sAhityika sAkSyoM para vicAra karate haiM to yaha pAte haiM ki mUlasaMgha kA kundAkundAnvaya ke sAtha sarvaprathama ullekha doDDa kaNagAlu ke IsvI san 1044 ke lekha meM milatA hai| yadyapi isake pUrva bhI mUlasaMgha tathA kundakundAnvaya ke svatantra - svatantra ullekha to 1. (a) saM. pro. DhAkI, pro. sAgaramala jaina, aispekTsa Ava jainAlAjI, khaNDa-2, (paM. becaradAsa smRti grantha) hindI vibhAga, jainasAhitya meM stUpa- pro. sAgaramala, pR. 137-8 / (ba) vividhatIrthakalpa- jinaprabhasUri, mathurApurI klp| 2. 3. arhat vacana, varSa 4, aMka 1 janavarI 2, pR. 10 / (a) vividhatIrthakalpa - jinaprabhasUri, mathurApurI klp| (ba) prabhAkacarita, prabhAcandra, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, pR. saM. 13, kalakattA, pra. saM. 1840, pR. 88-111 / 4. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga-2, maNikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA samiti, saM. 45, hIrAbAga, bambaI Jain Educ.saM. lekhakramAMka 180tivate & Personal Use Only sa.teleyona
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina milate hai, kintu mUlasaMgha ke sAtha kundakundAnvaya kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki lagabhaga IsA kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM kundakundAnvaya ne mUlasaMgha ke sAtha apanA sambandha jor3A hai aura apane ko mUlasaMghIya kahanA prArambha kiyA hai| drAviDAnvaya (draviDa saMgha), jise indranandI ne jainAbhAsa kahA thA, bhI aGgaDi ke san 1040 ke abhilekha meM apane ko mUlasaMgha se jor3atI hai| yahI sthiti yApanIya sampradAya ke gaNoM kI bhI hai, ve bhI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se apane nAma ke sAtha mUlasaMgha zabda kA prayoga karane lge| yApanIya punnAgavRkSa mUlagaNa ke san 1108 ke abhilekha meM ..zrImUlasaMghada po (punnAga vRkSamUla gaNada..' aisA ullekha hai| isI prakAra yApanIya saMgha ke kANUra gaNa ke I. san 1074 ke bandalike ke tathA I. san 1075 ke kuppaTUra ke abhilekha meM zrI mUlasaMghAnvaya krANarAMgaNa aisA ullekha hai / isa saba se bhI yahI phalita hotA hai ki isa kAla meM yApanIya bhI apane ko mUlasaMghIya kahane lage the| yApanIya gaNoM ke sAtha mUlasaMgha ke ina ullekhoM ko dekhakara DaoN. gulAbacandra caudharI Adi digambara vidvAna yaha kalpanA kara baiThe ki ye gaNa yApanIya saMgha se alaga hokara mUlasaMgha dvArA AtmasAta kara liye gaye the| kintu unakI yaha avadhAraNA samucita nahIM hai kyoMki ina abhilekhoM ke samakAlIna aura paravartI anekoM aisa abhilekha haiM jinameM ina gaNoM kA yApanIya saMgha ke gaNa ke rUpa meM spaSTa ullekha hai| satya to yaha hai ki jaba kundakundAnvaya ne mUlasaMgha ke sAtha apanA sambandha jor3akara anya saMghoM ko jainAbhAsa aura mithyAtvI ghoSita kiyA, (indranandikRta zrutAvatAra se isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai) to pratikriyA svarUpa dUsaroM ne bhI apane ko mUlasaMghI kahanA prArambha kara diyaa| gyArahavIM zatI ke uttarArdha meM acela paramparA ke yApanIya, drAviDa Adi aneka saMgha apane sAtha mUlasaMgha kA ullekha karane lage the| jabaki indranandi ne ina sabhI ko jainAbhAsa kahA thaa| isakA tAtparya yahI hai ki gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM apane ko mUlasaMghI kahane kI eka hoDa lagI huI thii| yadi isa tathyoM ke prakAza meM hama mathurA ke ukta zvetAmbara mUlasaMgha kA ullekha karane vAle abhilekha para vicAra kareM to yaha pAte hai ki ukta abhilekha bhI acela paramparA ke vividha sampradAyoM ke sAtha mUlasaMgha kA ullekha hone ke lagabhaga 60 varSa pUrva kA hai arthAt usIkAla kA hai| ataH sambhava hai ki usa yuga ke vividha acela paramparAoM ke samAna hI sacelaparamparA bhI apane ko mUlasaMgha se jor3atI ho| mUlasaMgha prArambha meM kisa paramparA se sambaddha thA aura kaba dUsarI paramparAoM ne usase apanA sambandha joDanA prArambha kiyA - ise samajhane ke liye hameM sarvaprathama mUlasaMgha ke itihAsa 1. jainazilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2, lekhakramAMka 178 | 2. vahI " 250 / 200 Jn Education InternatiAga 3, bhUmikA, pR26 va 32/sonal Use Only
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________________ zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 188] ko jAnanA hogaa| sarvaprathama hameM dakSiNa bhArata meM noNamaMgala kI tAmrapaTTikAoM para 'mUlasaMghAnuSThitAya evaM 'mUlasaMghenAnuSThitAya aisa ullekha milate haiN| ye donoM tAmrapaTikAvai kramazaH lagabhaga IsvI san 370 aura I. san 425 kI mAnI jAtI hai| kintu inameM niI] kUrcaka, yApanIya yA zvetapaTa Adi ke nAmoM kA ullekha nahIM hone se prathama dRSTi meM yaha kaha pAnA kaThina hai ki isa mUlasaMgha kA sambandha unameM se kisa dhArA se thaa| dakSiNa bhArata ke devagiri aura halsI ke abhilekhoM ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki IsA kI pAMcavI zatI ke uttarArdha meM dakSiNa bhArata meM nigrantha, yApanIya, kUrcaka aura zvetapaTa mahAzramaNa saMgha kA astitva thaa| kintu mUlasaMgha kA ullekha to hameM IsA kI caturthazatI ke uttarArdha meM mila jAtA hai ataH abhilekhIya AdhAra para mUlasaMgha kA astitva yApanIya, kUrcaka Adi nAmoM ke pUrva kA hai| mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki dakSiNa meM inameM se nirgrantha saMgha prAcIna hai aura yApanIya, kurcaka, zvetapaTa Adi saMgha paravartI hai phira bhI merI dRSTi meM nirgrantha saMgha mUlasaMgha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| dakSiNa bhArata kA yaha nigrantha mahAzramaNa saMgha bhadrabAhu (prathama) kI paramparA ke una acela zramaNoM kA saMgha thA, jo IsA pUrva tIsarI zatI meM bihAra se ur3IsA ke rAste laMkA aura tamila pradeza meM pahuce the| usa samaya uttara bhArata meM jaina saMgha isI nAma se jAnA jAtA thA aura usameM gaNa, zAkhA Adi kA vibhAjana nahIM huA thA ataH ye zramaNa bhI apane ko isI 'nirgrantha nAma se abhihita karate rhe| punaH unheM apane ko mUlasaMghI kahane kI koI AvazyakatA bhI nahIM thI kyoMki vahAM taba unakA koI pratidvandvI bhI nahIM thaa| yaha nirganthasaMgha yApanIya, kUrcaka aura zvetapaTTa saMgha se pRthak thA yaha tathya bhI halsI aura devagiri ke abhilakhoM se siddha hai kyoMki inameM use inase pRthak dikhalAyA gayA hai aura taba taka isakA nirgrantha saMgha nAma supracalita thaa| punaH jaba lagabhaga 100 varSa ke pazcAt ke abhilekhoM meM bhI yaha nirgranthasaMgha ke nAma se hI suprAsiddha hai to pUrva meM yaha apane ko 'mUlasaMgha kahatA hogA yaha kalpanA nirAdhAra hai| apane ko mUlasaMgha kahane kI AvazyakatA usI paramparA ko ho sakatI hai - jisameM koI vibhAjana huA ho, jo dUsare ko nirmUla yA nirAdhAra batAnA cAhatI hoH yaha bAta paM. nAthurAma jI premI ne bhI svIkAra kI hai| yaha vibhAjana kI ghaTanA uttara bhArata meM taba ghaTita huI jaba lagabhaga IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM uttara bhArata kA nirgrantha saMgha acela aura savela dhArA meM vibhakta huaa| sAtha hI usakI acela dhArA ko apane liye eka naye nAma kI AvazyakatA pratIta huii| usa samaya taka uttara bhArata kA nirgrantha saMgha aneka gaNoM, zAkhAoM aura kuloM meM vibhakta thA - yaha tathya mathurA ke aneka abhilekhoM se aura kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI se siddha hai| ataH sambhAvanA yahI hai ki uttara bhArata kI isa acela dhArA ne apanI pahacAna ke liye 'mUlagaNa' nAma cunA ho, kyoMki isa dhArA ko boTika aura yApanIya -- ye donoM hI nAma dUsaroM ke dvArA hI diye gaye haiM, jahA~ zvetAmbaroM arthAt uttara bhArata kI sacela dhArA ne unheM boTika kahA, vahIM digambaroM arthAta dakSiNa bhArata kI nirgrantha acela dhArA ne unheM yApanIya khaa| DaoN gulAba canda caudharI ne jo yaha kalpanA kI ki dakSiNa meM nirgrantha saMgha kI 1. jainazilAlekha saM. bhAga 2, lekhakramAMka 40 va 4rsonal use Only
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________________ me. sAgaramala jaina sthApanA bhadrabAhu dvitIyane kI mUjhe nirAdhAra pratIta hotI hai| dakSiNa bhArata kA nigrantha saMgha to maidrabAhu prathama kI paramparA kA pratinidhi hai -- cAhe bhadrabAhu prathama dakSiNa gaye ho yA nahIM gaye ho kintu unakI paramparA IsA pU. tIsarI zatI meM dakSiNa bhArata meM pahuMca cukI thI, isake aneka mANa bhI haiN| bhadrabAhu prathama ke pazcAt lagabhaga dvitIya zatI meM eka Arya bhadra hue haiM, jo AthuktiyoM ke kartA the aura sambhavataH ye uttara bhArata ke acela pakSa ke samarthaka rahe the unake nAma se bhadrAnvaya pracalita huI jisakA ullekha udayagiri (vidizA) meM milatA hai| merI dRSTi mUlagaNa bhadrAnvaya, Aryakula Adi kA sambandha isI uttara bhArata kI acela dhArA se hai - jo mAge calakara yApanIya nAma se prasiddha huii| dakSiNa meM pahuMcane para yaha dhArA apane ko mUlagaNa yA lasaMgha kahatI ho| yaha Age calakara zrI vRkSamUla gaNa, punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa, kanakophlasambhUtavRkSamUlagaNa Adi aneka gaNoM meM vibhakta huI phira bhI sabane apane sAtha mUlagaNa da kAyama rkhaa| jaba ina vibhinna mUla gaNoM ko koI eka saMyukta nAma dena kA prazna AyA to he mUlasaMgha kahA gyaa| kaI gaNoM dvArA paravartIkAla meM saMgha nAma dhAraNa karane aneka pramANa bhilakhoM meM upalabdha hai| punaH yApanIya granthoM ke sAtha lagA huA 'mUla vizeSaNa - jaise lAcAra, mUlArAdhanA Adi bhI isI tathya kA sUcaka hai ki 'mUlasaMgha zabda kA sambandha panIyoM se rahA hai| ataH noNamaMgala kI tAmrapaTikAoM meM ullekhita mUlasaMgha-yApanIya ramparA kA hI pUrva rUpa hai uttara bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha kI yaha dhArA jaba pahale dakSiNa bhArata pahuMcI to mUlasaMgha ke nAma se abhihita huI aura usake lagabhaga 100 varSa pazcAt ise panIya nAma milaa| hama yaha bhI dekhate haiM ki use yApanIya nAma milate hI abhilekhoM se mUlasaMgha ma lupta ho jAtA hai aura lagabhaga cAra sau pacAsa varSoM taka hameM mUlasaMgha kA kahIM koI bhI lekha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| noNamaMgala kI I. san 425 kI tAmra paTTikAoM ke pazcAt nUra ke I. san 860 ke abhilekha meM punaH mUlasaMgha kA ullekha dezIyagaNa ke sAtha milatA hai| tavya hai ki isa abhilekha meM mUlasaMgha ke sAtha dezIyagaNa aura pustakagaccha kA ullekha hai ta kundakundAnvaya kA ullekha nahIM hai| jJAtavya hai ki pahale yaha lekha tAmrapaTTikA para thA meM 12vIM zatI meM isameM kucha aMza jor3akara patthara para aMkita karavAyA gayA isa jur3e hue meM hI kundakundAnvaya kA ullekha hai| isake do sau varSa pazcAt se yApanIyagaNa aura bar3a Adi anya gaNa sabhI apane ko mUlasaMghIya kahate pratIta hote haiN| / itanA nizcita hai ki mUlasaMgha ke sAtha kundakundAnvaya sambandha bhI paravartI kAla meM jur3A hai pi kundakundAnvaya kA sarva prathama abhilekhIya ullekha I. san 797 aura 802 meM milatA hai, tu ina donoM lekhoM meM pustakagaccha aura mUlasaMgha kA ullekha nahIM hai| Azcarya hai ki tyika srotoM meM to dasavIM zatI ke pUrva mUlasaMgha aura kundakundAnvaya kA kahIM koI ullekha janazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 3, bhUmikA, pR. 23 / vADI, bhAga 2, lekhakramAMka 761 / lI. lekhakramAMka 122 eva 123 (manne ke taamrptr)|
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________________ zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 1 nahIM hai| vastutaH kundakunda zuddha AcAra ke pratipAdaka evaM prabhAvazAlI AcArya the aura mUlasa mahAvIra kI prAcIna mUladhArA kA sUcaka thA, ataH paravartIkAla meM sabhI acela paramparAoM usase apanA sambandha jor3anA ucita smjhaa| mAtra uttara bhArata kA kASThAsaMgha aura usakA mAthuragaccha aisA thA jisane apane ko mUlasaMgha evaM kundakundAnvaya se jor3ane kA kabhI prayAsa nahIM kiyaa| isakA eka kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki kASThAsaMgha mukhyataH uttara bhArata se sambara thA aura isa kSetra meM 12-13vIM zatI taka kundakundAnvaya kA prabhAva adhika nahIM thaa| vastara mUlasaMdha mAtra eka nAma thA, jisakA upayoga 9-10vIM zatI se dakSiNa bhArata kI acela parampasa kI sabhI zAkhAyeM karane lagI thii| zAyada uttara bhArata kI sacela paramparA bhI apanI maulikatA sUcita karane hetu isa visda kA prayoga karane lagI ho| mAthurasaMgha mAthurasaMgha. bhI mukhyataH digambara paramparA kA hI saMgha hai| mathurA se prApta pUrva meM ullekhita tIna abhilekhoM ko chor3akara anyatra kahIM bhI zve. mAthura saMgha kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai, lekina uparokta tInoM abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para hama yaha mAnane ke lie vivaza haiM ki gyArahavIM-bArahavI zatAbdI meM zve. mAthurasaMgha kA astitva thaa| yadyapi yaha bAta bhinna hai ki yaha mAthurasaMgha zvetAmbara muniyoM kA koI saMgaThana na hokara mathurA ke zvetAmbara zrAvakoM kA eka saMgaThana va aura yahI kAraNa hai ki zve. mAthura saMgha ke abhilekha mathurA se anyatra kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hue| yadi zvetAmbara mAthura saMgha muniyoM kA koI saMgaThana hotA to isakA ullekha mathurA se anyatra abhilekhoM aura sAhityika srotoM se milanA cAhiye thaa| punaH ina tInoM abhilekhoM meM muni aura AcArya ke nAmoM ke ullekha kA abhAva yahI sUcita karatA hai ki yaha saMgha zrAvakoM kA saMgha thaa| jahA~ taka digambara paramparA kA prazna hai usameM mAthurasaMgha nAmaka eka muni saMgha thA aura usakI utpatti vikrama saMvat 953 meM AcArya rAmasena se mAnI jAtI hai| mAthurasaMgha kA sAhityika ullekha indranaMdI ke zrutAvatAra aura devasena ke darzanasAra meM milatA hai| indranandI ne isa saMgha kI gaNanA jainAbhAsoM meM kI hai aura niSpicchika ke rUpa meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai| devasena ne bhI darzanasAra meM ise niSpicchika batAyA hai| yadyapi isakI utpatti vikrama saM. 953 meM batAI gaI hai kintu usakA sarvaprathama sAhityika ullekha amitagati ke subhASitaratnasaMdoha meM milatA hai jo ki muMja ke zAsana kAla meM (vikrama 1050 ) meM likhA gyaa| subhASitaratna saMdoha ke atirakta vardhamAnanIti, dharmaparIkSA, paMcasaMgraha, tattvabhAvanA upAsakAcAra Adi bhI inakI kRtiyAM haiN| abhilekhIya srotoM kI dRSTi se isa saMgha kA sarva prathama ullekha vikrama saM. 1166 meM athurnA ke abhilekha meM milatA hai| dUsarA abhilekhIya ullekha 1226 ke bijoliyA ke mandira kA hai, isake bAda ke aneka abhilekha isa saMgha ke milate haiN| jJAtavya hai ki apanI utpatti ke kucha hI varSa bAda yaha saMgha kASThAsaMgha kA eka aMga bana gayA aura paravartI ullekha kASThAsaMgha kI eka zAkhA mAthuragaccha ke rUpa meM milate haiN| CRETAIL S
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina yadi hama kAla kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to yaha pAte haiM ki zve. mAthurasaMgha aura digambara mAthurasaMgha kI utpatti lagabhaga samakAlIna hai| kyoMki zve. mAthurasaMgha ke ullekha bhI 11-12vIM zatAbdI meM hI milate haiN| yadyapi zvetAmbara paramparA meM kharatara, tapA, aMcala Adi mahatvapUrNa gacchoM kA udbhava kAla bhI yahI hai, phira bhI ina gacchoM meM mAthura saMgha kA spaSTa abhAva hone se hama isI niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki mAthura saMgha zve. jaina muniyoM kA saMgaThana na hokara mathurA nivAsI zve. zrAvakoM kA eka saMgaThana thA / Azcarya yaha bhI hai ki ina abhilakhoM meM zve. mAthurasaMgha kA ullekha hote hue bhI kahIM kisI muni yA AryA kA nAmollekha nahIM hai / isa AdhAra para hama yaha niSkarSa nikAla sakate haiM ki zve. mAthurasaMgha mathurA ke zrAvakoM kA hI eka saMgaThana thA / zvetAmbaroM meM Aja bhI nagara ke nAma ke sAtha saMgha zabda jor3akara usa nagara ke zrAvakoM ko usameM samAhita kiyA jAtA hai| ataH niSkarSa yahI hai ki zve. mAthurasaMgha mathurA ke zrAvakoM kA saMgha thA aura usakA muni paramparA athavA unake gacchoM se koI sambandha nahIM thA / 23 isa lekha ke aMta meM maiM vidvAnoM se apekSA karU~gA ki zvetAmbara mAthura saMgha ke sambandha meM yadi unheM koI jAnakArI ho to mujhe avagata karAyeM, tAki hama isa lekha ko aura adhika pramANa purassara banA sakeM / - nidezaka, pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI-5
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________________ jaina dRSTi meM nArI kI avadhAraNA - DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva dharmapatnI, bhogapatnI, dAsIpatnI, parastrI, vezyA Adi bheda se nAriyA~ kaI prakAra kI kahI gaI haiN| jainAgamoM meM nAriyoM kI bharapUra nindA kI gaI hai, to unheM satI mAnakara pUjanIyA bhI batAyA gayA hai| jo mithyAtva Adi doSoM se apane-Apako AcchAdita karatI hai aura madhura sambhASaNoM se dUsaroM ko bhI dUSita karatI hai, isalie AcchAdana-svabhAva kI hone ke kAraNa unheM 'strI kahA gayA hai| prasiddha karma-grantha 'gommaTasAra meM ullekha hai ki jo puruSa kI AkAMkSA karatI hai, use 'strI' kahate haiM : 'puruSaM stRNAti AkAMkSatIti strI arthAt strI svabhAvataH puruSAkAMkSiNI hotI hai| 'bhagavatIArAdhanA 2 meM strI ke katipaya paryAyavAcI zabdoM kI vyutpatti (gAthA 671-675) isa prakAra upanyasta kI gaI hai : strI puruSa ko mAratI hai, isalie use 'vadhU kahate haiN| puruSoM meM doSa ko utpanna karatI hai, isalie vaha 'strI hai| manuSya ke lie isake samAna dUsarA koI zatra (na+ari) nahIM hai, isalie vaha 'nArI kahalAtI hai| vaha puruSa ko pramatta banAtI hai, isalie vaha 'pramadA mAnI gaI hai| puruSa ke gale meM vaha anarthoM ko bAMdhatI hai athavA puruSa ko dekhakara usameM lIna ho jAtI hai, ataH usako 'vilayA' kahate haiN| vaha puruSa ko duHkha se suyakta karatI hai, ataH use 'yuvatI' aura 'yoSA bhI kahA jAtA hai| usake hRdaya meM dhairya aura bala nahIM rahatA, isalie use 'abalA' kahate haiN| kutsita maraNa kA upAya utpanna karane ke kAraNa usakI saMjJA 'kumArI hai| vaha puruSa para doSAropaNa karatI hai, isalie usako 'mahilA' nAma diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra striyoM ke jitane bhI nAma haiM, ve saba azubha haiN| strIveda (strI hone kI anubhUti) kA udaya hone para puruSa kI abhilASA-rUpa maithuna saMjJA se AkrAnta jIva bhAva-strI ho jAtA hai aura phira, roma-rahita mukha, stana-yoni Adi cinhoM se yukta hone para bhAvastrI dravyastrI meM pariNata ho jAtI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM strI veda kA udaya hone para jo jIva garbha dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha dravyastrI hai| 1. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) - nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI, TIkA gAthA 274 / 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA - zivArya, saM. evaM anu. paM. kailAzacandra siddhAnta zAstrI, jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA (hindI) saM. 37, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, saM.pra. 1678, khaNDa 1, pR. 537-538 /
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________________ 26 zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 1982 striyoM ke bheda 'lATIsaMhitA' (2-178-206) meM striyoM ke avasthA-bheda ko bhI bar3I vizadatA se upasthApita kiyA gayA hai : deva zAstra aura guru ko namaskAra kara tathA apane bhAI bandhuoM ke sAkSIpUrvaka jisa kanyA ke sAtha vivAha kiyA jAtA hai, use vivAhitA strI yA svastrI kahate haiN| aisI vivAhitA striyo se bhinna anya saba patniyA~ 'dAsI kahalAtI haiN| vivAhitA bhI do prakAra kI hotI haiN| eka to paramparAgata rUpa se byAhI gaI apanI jAti kI kanyA aura dUsarI anya jAti kI byAhI gaI knyaa| apanI jAti kI byAhI gaI kanyA dharmapatnI kahalAtI hai| vahI samasta daiva aura pitakAryoM meM apane puruSa ke sAtha rahatI hai| usa dharmapatnI se utpanna putra hI pitA ke dharma kA adhikArI hotA hai aura vahI gotrarakSA karane vAlA samasta loka kA avirodhI putra hotA hai kintu anya jAti kI vivAhitA strI ke putra ko uparyukta kisI bhI kArya kA adhikAra nahIM hai| pitA kI sAkSIpUrvaka anya jAti kI kanyA se jo vivAha kiyA jAtA hai, vaha bhogapatnI kahalAtI hai, kyoMki vaha kevala bhogyA hotI hai, anya dharmakAryoM meM sahabhAginI nahIM hotii| apanI jAti tathA para jAti ke bheda se striyA~ do prakAra kI hotI haiN| jisake sAtha vivAha nahIM huA, vaisI strI 'dAsI yA ceTI' kahalAtI hai| yaha dAsI kevala bhogAbhinaSiNI hotI hai| dAsI aura bhoga patnI kevala bhogopabhoga ke kAma AtI haiN| laukika dRSTi se ina donoM meM bheda hone para bhI paramArthataH koI bheda nahIM hai| ___ parastrI bhI do prakAra kI hotI hai -- eka adhIna rahane vAlI aura dUsarI svAdhIna rahane vaalii| pahalI ko gRhItA kahate haiM aura dUsarI ko agrhiitaa| inake atirikta tIsarI, vezyA bhI parastrI kahalAtI haiN| gRhItA hI vivAhitA hai| yaha do prakAra kI hotI hai : sadhavA aura vidhvaa| vidhavA gRhItA tabhI hogI, jaba vaha pati kI mRtyu ke bAda pitA, bhAI-bandhu athavA jeTha yA devara ke adhIna rahatI ho| isake atirikta vaha dAsI strI bhI gRhItA hI hotI hai, jisakA pati ghara kA svAmI ho yA 'gRhapati pada para pratiSThita ho| yadi vaha dAsI kisI kI rakhaila na hokara svatantra ho, to vaha gRhItA dAsI ke samAna hokara bhI agRhItA hotI hai| gRhItA vidhavA ke yadi pitA, bhAI-bandhu, yA jeTha-devara Adi sabhI mara jAya~ aura vaha akelI raha jAya, to vaha gRhItA na hokara agRhItA hotI hai| aise striyoM ke sAtha saMsarga karane vAle ko, patA cala jAne para, rAjya kI ora se kaThora daNDa milatA thaa| kucha samAja-vyavasthApakoM kA mata hai ki bhAI-bandhu se sarvathA vihIna hone para bhI vidhavA strI agRhItA na hokara gRhItA hI rahatI hai kyoMki, usameM 1. lATI saMhitA-rAjamalla, mANika candra digambara jaina granthamAlA saM. 26, bambaI, pra.saM. 1827, sarga 2/178-206 /
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________________ DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva gRhItA ke lakSaNa hote haiM aura vaha nItimArga kA ullaMghana nahIM krtii| aisI strI rAjA dvArA grahaNa kara liye jAne ke kAraNa bhI gRhItA kahalAtI hai| 27 tatkAlIna nArI-viSayaka naitika mAnyatA thI ki rAjA saMsAra bhara kA svAmI hotA hai| isa nIti ke anusAra aisI vidhavA ko gRhItA hI mAnanA cAhie, cAhe vaha mAtA-pitA ke sAtha rahatI ho yA akelI / ukta nItikAroM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra agRhItA nArI vaha hai, jisake sAtha saMsarga karane para rAjabhaya na ho| ina nAriyoM ke atirikta kulaTAe~ bhI hotI haiN| inameM bhI kucha gRhItA hotI haiM aura kucha agRhItAe~ / niSkarSa meM batAyA gayA hai ki sabhI sAmAnya striyA~ gRhItA meM antarbhUta haiM aura inase itara striyA~ agRhItA hotI haiN| striyA~ cetana aura acetana bheda se cAra prakAra kI hotI haiM / tiryaMca (pazu-pakSI Adi), manuSya aura deva jAti kI striyA~ cetana haiM tathA kASTha, pASANa, mRttikA Adi kI banI striyA~ acetana haiN| strI apanI doSabahulatA ke kAraNa jahA~ nindA kA kAraNa hai, vahIM apanI guNAtizayatA ke kAraNa prazaMsA kI bhUmi hai| isI prakAra puruSa bhI apane doSoM se nindanIya aura guNoM se prazaMsanIya hotA hai / katipaya striyA~ 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1 ( gAthA 688-666 ) ke ullekhAnusAra, apane guNAtizaya se muniyoM dvArA vandanIya hotI haiM / katipaya yazasvinI striyA~ manuSyaloka meM devatA kI taraha pUjanIya huI haiN| zalAkA puruSoM ko janma dene vAlI striyA~ devoM aura manuSyoM meM pramukha haiM / kucha striyA~ eka pativrata dhAraNa karatI haiM aura kucha Ajanma avivAhitA rahakara nirmala brahmacarya vrata kA anuSThAna karatI haiN| kucha striyA~ to AmaraNa tIvra vaidhavya duHkha sahatI haiM / zIlavrata dhAraNa karane se katipaya striyoM ko zApa aura vara dene kI zakti prApta huI hai| aise striyoM ke mAhAtmya kA guNagAna devatA bhI karate haiN| aisI zIlavatI striyoM ko na jala bahA sakatA hai, na agni jalA sakatI hai| ve atizaya zItala hotI haiN| aisI striyoM ko sA~pa, bAgha Adi hiMsa jantu hAni nahIM phuNcaate| aisI zIlavatI striyA~ zreSTha puruSoM kI jananI ke rUpa meM loka pUjita haiN| 'kuralakAvya 2 (6.58 ) ke anusAra jo striyA~ sabhI devoM ko chor3akara kevala patideva kI pUjA karatI haiM, unakA kahanA sajala bAdala bhI mAnate haiN| aisI hI mahilAe~ lokamAnya vidvAn putra ko janma detI haiM aura jinakI stuti svargastha devatA bhI karate haiN| aisI hI striyA~ pRthivI kA gauravAlaMkAra hotI haiN| 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA zivArya, saM. evaM anu. paM. kailAzacandra siddhAnta zAstrI jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA (hindI) saM. 37, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, saM.pra. 1678, khaNDa 1, pR. 537-538 / 2. kuralakAvya - elAcArya, anu. paM. govindarAya jaina, nItidharma granthamAlA saM. 1, pra. anuvAdaka, maharaunI, Jain jhAMsI. pra.saM 16507 pari 6/5- Private & Personal Use Only -
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________________ 28 jainamata ' (bhagavatI ArAdhanA 3, 421, 615 - 6 ) ' meM strI ko puruSa se kaniSTha mAnA gayA hai; kyoMki vaha apanI rakSA svayaM nahIM kara sakatI aura dUsaroM kI icchA kA viSaya banatI hai| usameM svabhAvataH bhaya rahatA hai, durbalatA rahatI hai| puruSa meM yaha bAta nahIM hotI, isalie vaha strI se jyeSTha hotA hai / kuralakAvya (6.1, 6, 7 ) ke anusAra mAtra cAradIvArI ke andara parade meM rahane se bhI striyoM kI rakSA sambhava nahIM; usakA sarvottama rakSaka indriya-nigraha hI hai| zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 1662 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA zivArya, saM. evaM anu. paM. kailAzacandra siddhAnta zAstrI jIvarAja jaina rAnA (hindI) saM. 37, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, saM.pra. 1678, khaNDa 11 2. kuralakAvya- elAcArya, anu. pa. govindarAya jaina, nItidharma granthamAlA saM. 1, pra. anuvAdaka, maharaunI, jhAMsI, pra. saM. 1857, pari 6/5-8 / -
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________________ pUrNimAgaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa - ziva prasAda ___ madhyayuga meM zvetAmbara zramaNa saMgha kA vibhinna gacchoM aura upagacchoM ke rUpa meM vibhAjana eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA hai| zvetAmbara zramaNa saMgha kI eka atyanta mahattvapUrNazAkhA candrakula [bAda meM candragaccha] kA vibhinna kAraNoM se samaya-samaya para vibhAjana hotA rahA, pariNAmasvarUpa aneka naye-naye gacchoM kA prAdurbhAva huA, inameM pUrNimAgaccha bhI eka hai| pAkSikaparva pUrNimA ko manAyI jAye yA caturdazI ko ? isa prazna para pUrNimA kA pakSa grahaNa karane vAle candrakula ke munigaNa pUrNimApakSIya yA pUrNimAgacchIya khlaaye| vi.saM. 1149/ I. san 1093 athavA vi.saM. 1159/I. san 1103 meM isa gaccha kA AvirbhAva mAnA jAtA hai| candrakula ke AcArya jayasiMhasUri ke ziSya candraprabhasUri isa gaccha ke prathama AcArya mAne jAte haiN| isa gaccha meM dharmaghoSasUri, devasUri, cakrezvarasUri, samudraghoSasUri, vimalagaNi, devabhadrasUri, tilakAcArya, muniratnasUri, kamalaprabhasUri Adi tejasvI vidvAn evaM prabhAvaka AcArya hue haiN| isa gaccha ke pUnamiyAgaccha, rAkApakSa Adi nAma bhI bAda meM pracalita hue| isa gaccha se kaI zAkhAyeM udbhUta huIM, jaise pradhAnazAkhA yA DhaMTeriyA zAkhA, sAdhupUrNimA yA sArdhapUrNimAzAkhA, kaccholIvAlazAkhA, bhImapallIyAzAkhA, baTapadrIyAzAkhA, vorasiddhIyAzAkhA, bhRgukacchIyAzAkhA, chApariyAzAkhA aadi| pUrNimAgaccha ke itihAsa ke adhyayana ke liye sadbhAgya se hameM vipula parimANa meM sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSya upalabdha haiN| sAhityika sAkSyoM ke antagata isa gaccha ke munijanoM dvArA likhita granthoM kI prazastiyAM, gaccha ke vidyAnurAgI munijanoM kI preraNA se pratilipi karAyI gayI mahattvapUrNa granthoM kI pratilipi kI prazastiyAM tathA paTTAvaliyAM pramukha haiN| abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke arntagata isa gaccha ke munijanoM kI preraNA se pratiSThApita tIrthaMkara pratimAoM para utkIrNa lekhoM kI carcA kI jA sakatI hai| ukta sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para pUrNimAMgaccha ke itihAsa para prakAza DAlanA hI prastuta lekha kA uddezya hai| adhyayana kI suvidhA hetu sarvaprathama sAhityika sAkSyoM aura tatpazcAt abhilekhIya sAkSyoM kA vivaraNa prastuta hai : darzanazuddhi yaha pUrNimAgaccha ke prakaTakartA AcArya candraprabhasUri kI kRti hai| inakI dUsarI racanA hai - prmeyrtnkosh| ina racanAoM meM granthakAra ne apanI guru-paramparA kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai,
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________________ 30 zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 1982 parantu inake praziSya vimalagaNi ne apane dAdAguru kI racanA para vi.saM. 1181/I. sana 1125 meM vRtti likhI, jisako prazasti meM unhoMne apanI guru-paramparA kA sundara paricaya diyA hai vaha isa prakAra hai : sarvadevasUri jayasiMhasUri candraprabhasUri [ darzanazuddhi ke racanAkAra] dharmaghoSasUri vimalagaNi [vi.saM. 1181/I. san 1125 meM darzanazuddhivRtti ke racanAkAra] darzanazuddhibRhadvRtti pUrNimAgacchIya vimalANa ke ziSya devabhadrasUri ne vi.saM. 1224/I. san 1168 meM apane guru kI kRti darzanazuddhivRtti para bRhavRtti kI racanA kii| isakI prazasti meM unhoMne apanI guru-paramparA isa prakAra dI hai : jayasiMhasUri candraprabhasUri samantabhadrasUri dharmaghoSasUri vimalagaNi devabhadrasUri / vi.saM. 1224/I. san 1168 meM darzanazuddhibRhadvRtti ke racanAkAra] praznottararatnamAlAvRtti yaha pUrNimAgacchIya hemaprabhasUri kI kRti hai| racanA ke aMta meM vRttikAra ne apanI guru-paramparA aura racanAkAla kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : Jan Education International
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________________ ziva prasAda candraprabhasUra 1 dharmaghoSasUri 1 yazoghoSasUri 1 prasUri vi. saM. 1223 / I. san 1167 meM praznottararatnamAlAvRtti ke racanAkAra ] amamasvAmicaritamahAkAvya pUrNimAgacchIya samudraghoSasUri ke vidvAn ziSya muniratnasUri dvArA yaha prasiddha kRti vi. saM. 1252 / I. san 1196 meM racI gayI hai| racanA ke anta meM prazasti ke arntagata granthakAra ne apanI guru- paramparA dI hai, jo isa prakAra hai : candraprabhasUra [ pUrNimAgaccha ke pravartaka ] dharmaghoSasUri I samudraghoSasUri muniratnasUra [ vi.saM. 1152 / I. san 1196 I cakrezvarasUri asvAmicaritamahAkAvya ke racanAkAra ] pratyekabuddhacarita pUrNimAgacchIya zivaprabhasUri ke ziSya zrItilakasUri aparanAma tilakAcArya ne vi. saM. 1261 / I. san 1205 meM isa grantha kI racanA kI / zrItilakasUri dvArA racita kaI kRtiyAM milatI haiN| zrI mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI ne inakI guru- paramparA kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : candraprabhasUra [ pUrNimAgaccha ke prakaTakartA ] I dharmaghoSasUri zivaprabhasUri 31
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________________ zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, zrItilakasUri / vi.saM. 1261/I. san 1205 meM pratyekabuddhacarita ke racanAkAra pratyekabuddhacarita abhI aprakAzita hai| zAntinAthacarita yaha kRti pUrNimAgaccha ke ajitaprabhasUri dvArA vi.saM. 1307 meM racI gayI hai| jaisalamera aura pATaNa ke grantha bhaMDAroM meM isakI pratiyAM saMrakSita haiN| kRti ke anta meM granthakAra ne apanI guru-paramparA kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : candraprabhasUri devasUri tilakaprabhasUri vIraprabhasUri ajitaprabhasUri / vi.saM. 1307/I. san 1251 meM zAMtinAthacarita ke racanAkAra puNDarIkacarita pUrNimApakSIya candraprabhasUri kI paramparA meM hue ratnaprabhasUri ke ziSya kamalaprabhasUri ne vi.saM. 1372/1316 meM ukta kRti kI racanA kii| kRti ke anta meM prazasti ke anrtagata unhoMne apanI guru-paramparA kA isa prakAra vivaraNa diyA hai : candraprabhasUri cakrezvarasUri tridazaprabhasUri dharmaprabhasUri abhayaprabhasUri
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________________ ziva prasAda 1 ratnaprabhasUra 1 kamalaprasUri [ vi. saM. 1372 / I. san 1316 meM puNDarIkacarita ke racanAkAra ] kSetrasamAsavRtti yaha kRti pUrNimAgacchIya padmaprabhasUri ke ziSya devAnandasUri dvArA vi. saM. 1455 / I. san 1399 meM racI gayI hai| kRti ke anta meM prazasti ke arntagata racanAkAra ne apanI lambI guru-paramparA kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai: candraprabhasUra dharmaghoSasUri bhadrezvarasUri muniprabhasUra 1 sarvadevasUri 1 somaprabhasUri 1 ratnaprabhasUri I candrasiMhasUra 1 devasiMhasUra I padmatilakasUri I zrItilakasUri 33 1 devacandrasUri
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________________ zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 1eed padmaprabhasUri devAnandasUri vi.saM. 1455/I. san 1399 meM kSetrasamAsavRtti ke racanAkAra zrIpAlacarita __ pUrNimAgacchIya guNasamudrasUri ke ziSya satyarAjagaNi dvArA saMskRta bhASA meM racita 500 zlokoM kI yaha kRti vi.saM. 1514 meM racI gayI hai| isakI vi.saM. 1575/I. san 1519 kI eka pratilipi jaisalamera ke granthabhaMDAra meM saMrakSita hai| racanA ke anta meM prazasti ke anrtagata racanAkAra ne apanI guru-paramparA kA vistRta paricaya na dete hue mAtra apane guru kA hI nAmollekha kiyA hai : guNasamudrasUri satyarAjagoNe / vi.saM. 1514/I. san 1458 meM zrIpAlacarita ke racanAkAra] pUrNimAgacchagurvAvalI yaha gurvAvalI pUrNimAgaccha ke sumatiratnasUri ke ziSya udayasamudrasUri dvArA vi.saM. 1580/I. san 1524 meM racI gayI hai10 | isameM ullikhita pUrNimAgaccha ke AcAryoM kA krama nimnAnusAra hai : candragacchIya candraprabhasUri [ pUrNimAgaccha ke pravartaka] dharmaghoSasUri devabhadrasUri jinadattasUri zAMtibhadrasUri bhuvanatilakasari ratnaprabhasUri
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________________ prasAda hematilakasUri hemaratnasUri hemaprabhasUri ratnazekharasUri ratnasAgarasUri 1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 guNasAgarasUri guNasamudrasUri sumatiprabhasUri puNyaratnasUri sumatiratnasUri udayasamudrasUri / vi.saM. 1580/I. san 1524 meM pUrNimAgacchagurvAvalI ke racanAkAra] pUrNimAgacchIya racanAkAroM kI pUrvokta kRtiyoM kI prazastiyoM se upalabdha choTI-bar3I purvAvaliyoM ke AdhAra para isa gaccha ke munijanoM kI guru-paramparA kI eka vistRta tAlikA kI saMracanA kI jA sakatI hai, jo isa prakAra hai : STavya - tAlikA saMkhyA-1.
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________________ tAlikA 1 : prazastiyoM ke AdhAra para nirmita pUrNimApakSa ke AcAryo kI guru-paramparA sarvadevasUri vijayasiMhasUri candraprabhasUri / pUrNimA pakSa ke pravartaka / vi.saM. 1159/I. san 1102] samantabhadra devasUri samudraghoSasari yazoghoSasUri bhadrezvarasUri tilakaprabhasUri mAnaralasari hemaprabhasari praznottararalamA -vi.saM. 1243 (vi.saM. 1225 meM amamasvAminAra kAvya ke kartA] vIraprabhasUri __sarvadevasUri cakrezvarasUri vimalagaNi [vi.saM.1181 meM dUzanazuddhivRtti kU racanAkAra tridazaprabhasUri devabhadrasari (darzanazaddhibaha vi.saM.1224 tilakAcArya jinadattasUri vi.saM. 1261 meM pratyeka buddhacarita] aneka granyoM ke racanAkAra dharmaprabhasUri zAMtibhadrasUri abhayaprabhasUri bhuvanatilakasUri ratnaprabhasUri ratnaprabhasUri kamalaprabhasari hematilakasUri [vi.saM.1372 meM paNDakicarita ke hemaralasari racanAkAra ajItaprabhasari [vi.saM.1307 zAMtinAthacarita] somaprabhasUri ratnaprabhasUri candrasiMhasUri devasiMhasUri padmatilakasUri
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________________ hemaprabhasari ratnazekharasUri ralasAgarasUri zrItilakasari devacandrasUri padmaprabhasUri guNasAgarasUri devAnandasUri [vi.saM.1455 meM kSetrasamAsavRtti ke racanAkAra] guNasamudrasUri abhayacandrasUri satyarAjagaNi sumatiprabhasUri [vi.saM.1514 meM zrIpAlacarita ke racanAkAra rAmacandrasari (vi.saM.1490 meM vikramacarita ke racanAkAra] puNyaratnasUri sUmatiratnasUri udayasamudrasa [vi.saM.1580 meM pANamApakSagurvAvalI ke racanAkAra
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________________ 38 pUrNimAgacchIya munijanoM dvArA pratiSThApita 400 se adhika jinapratimAyeM Aja milatI ina para vi. saM. 1368 se vi. saM. 1774 taka ke lekha utkIrNa haiN| ina pratimAlekhoM meM isa ke vibhinna munijanoM ke nAma milate haiM, parantu unameM se kucha ke pUrvApara sambandha hI sthApita ho / pAte haiN| inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai : sarvANaMdasUra inake dvArA pratiSThApita tIna pratimAyeM milI haiM jinapara vi. saM. 1480 se vi.saM. 141 taka ke lekha utkIrNa haiN| inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai : vi.saM. 1480 vi. saM. 1481 vi.saM. 1485 jyeSTha sudi 7 maMgalavAra vaizAkha vadi 12 ravivAra jyeSTha sudi 7 maMgalavAra pra.le.saM. bI. jai. le.saM. jai. le.saM. bhAga-2 guNasAgarasUri Apa dvArA pratiSThApita 6 pratimAyeM milI haiM, jina para vi. saM. 1483 se vi. saM. 1511 ta ke lekha utkIrNa haiN| inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai : ;-- vi. saM. 1483 vi. saM. 1483 vi. saM. 1483 jai. dhA. pra. le. saM. bhAga 2 vahI bhAga 2 vahI bhAga 1 vaizAkha sudi 5 guruvAra phAlguna sudi 10 guruvAra phAlguna sudi 10 guruvAra vaizAkha sudi 3 jyeSTha sudi 9 ravivAra ASADha vadi 9 zanivAra vi. saM. 1486 vahI, bhAga 1 vi.saM. 1504 vi.saM. 1511 vi.saM. 1511 ke lekha meM sarvANaMdasUri ke paTTadhara ( ? ) ke rUpa meM inakA ullekha milatA hai / vahI, bhAga 1 bI. jai. le. saM. bhramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 1 haiM : vi. saM. 1486 jyeSTha sudi 9 budhavAra vi. saM. 1521 vaizAkha sudi 3 somavAra guNasAgarasUri ke paTTadhara guNasamudrasUri jai. dhA. pra. le. saM. bhAga 2 vahI, bhAga 1, lekhAMka 223 lekhAMka 704 lekhAMka 1241 guNasAgarasUri ke ziSya hemaratnasUri inake dvArA pratiSThApita 2 pratimAyeM milI haiM, jo vi. saM. 1486 aura vi. saM. 1521 kI lekhAMka lekhAMka lekhAMka lekhAMka lekhAMka lekhAMka 465 1014 1178 1067 1171 945 139 lekhAMka lekhAMka 847 inake dvArA pratiSThApita 21 jina pratimAyeM milI haiM, jo vi. saM. 1492 se vi. saM. 1512 taka kI hai| inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai :
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________________ ziva prasAda 39 205 vi.saM. 1492 vaizAkha sudi 3 guruvAra prA.le.saM. lekhAMka 158 vi.saM. 1501 vaizAkha sudi 13 guruvAra jai.dhA.pra.le.saM.bhAga 1 lekhAMka 225 vi.saM. 1501 jyeSTha vadi 9 ravivAra jai.le.saM. bhAga 1 lekhAMka 1565 vi.saM. 1504. jyeSTha vadi 9 ravivAra prA.le.saM. lekhAMka vi.saM. 1505 vaizAkha sudi 5 ravivAra jai.dhA.pra.le.saM.bhAga 2 lekhAMka 812 vi.saM. 1505 mAgha sudi 5 ravivAra jai.pra.le.saM. lekhAMka 360 vi.saM. 1506 vaizAkha sudi 6 zukravAra bI.jai.le.saM. lekhAMka 2478 vi. saM. 1506 mAgha sudi 7 budhavAra jai.dhA.pra.le.saM.bhAga 1 lekhAMka 1079 vi.saM. 1507 jyeSTha sudi 6 guruvAra vahI, bhAga 1 lekhAMka 425 vi.saM. 1507 mAgha sudi 11 budhavAra vahI, bhAga 2 lekhAMka 441 vi.saM. 1508 vaizAkha sudi 3 zanivAra vahI, bhAga 3 lekhAMka 957 vi.saM. 1508 jyeSTha sudi 13 budhavAra jai.le.saM. bhAga 3, lekhAMka 2326 vi.saM. 1508 jyeSTha sudi 13 budhavAra jai.dhA.pra.le.saM.bhAga 1, lekhAMka 1017 vi.saM. 1509 jyeSTha sudi 10 guruvAra vahI, bhAga 2 lekhAMka 1034 vi.saM. 1510 phAlguna sudi 11 zanivAra vahI, bhAga 2 lekhAMka 964 vi.saM. 1511 jyeSTha vadi 10 somavAra vahI, bhAga 2 lekhAMka 138 vi.saM. 1511 jyeSTha vadi 10 somavAra vahI, bhAga 2 lekhAMka 462 vi.saM. 1511 ASAr3ha sudi 5 zukravAra vahI, bhAga 2, lekhAMka 377 vi.saM. 1511 mAgha vadi 3 budhavAra prA.le.saM., lekhAMka 267 vi.saM. 1511 mAgha sudi 5 guruvAra rA.pra.le.saM., lekhAMka 171 vi.saM. 1512 jyeSTha vadi 9 guruvAra jai.le.saM. bhAga 3 lekhAMka 2136 guNasamudrasUri ke paTTadhara puNyaratnasUri Apa dvArA pratiSThApita 30 salekha jina pratimAyeM milI haiM, jo vi.saM. 1512 se vi.saM. 1536 taka kI haiN| inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai :vi.saM. 1512 caitra vadi 8 zukravAra a.pra.jai.le.saM., lekhAMka 582 vi.saM. 1512 jyeSTha sudi 8 ravivAra jai.dhA.pra.le.saM.bhAga 1, lekhAMka 106 vi.saM. 1515 phAlguna sudi 9 ravivAra rA.pra.le.saM., lekhAMka 192 vi.saM. 1517 vaizAkha vadi 8 zukravAra jai.le.saM. bhAga 2, lekhAMka 2085 vi.saM. 1517 mAgha vadi 8 budhavAra zrI.pra.le.saM. lekhAMka 71 vi.saM. 1518 phAlguna vadi 1 somavAra jai.dhA.pra.le.saM.bhAga 2, lekhAMka 170 vi.saM. 1519 vaizAkha vadi 11 zukravAra jai.le.saM. bhAga 2, lekhAMka 1567 vi.saM. 1519 vaizAkha vadi 11 zukravAra jai.dhA.pra.le.saM.bhAga 2 lekhAMka 822 12,
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________________ zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 168 vi.saM. 1520 vaizAkha sudi 11 budhavAra rA.pra.le.saM. vi.saM. 1520 mAgha sudi 10 budhavAra vahI, vi.saM. 1522 phAlguna sudi 3 somavAra jai.dhA.pra.le.saM.bhAga 2, vi.saM. 1524 vaizAkha sudi 3 somavAra vahI, bhAga 1 vi.saM. 1524 bI.jai.le.saM. vi.saM. 1524 " jai.le.saM.bhAga 3 vi.saM. 1524 " jai.dhA.pra.le.saM.bhAga 2 vi.saM. 1527 jyeSTha vadi 10 budhavAra za.vai. vi.saM. 1527 zrI.pra.le.saM., vi.saM. 1528 mAgha vadi 5 budhavAra jai.dhA.pra.le.saM.bhAga 1, vi.saM. 1530 tithivihIna rA.pra.le.saM.,bhAga 1 vi.saM. 1531 vaizAkha vadi 11 somavAra jai.le.saM.,bhAga 1 vi.saM. 1531 jai.dhA.pra.le., vi.saM. 1531 prA.le.saM., vi.saM. 1531 vahI, vi.saM. 1531 vahI, vi.saM. 1531 vahI, vi.saM. 1531 jai.dhA.pra.le.saM.bhAga 2, vi.saM. 1531 vahI, bhAga 2 vi.saM. 1532 vaizAkha vadi 2 zukravAra pra.le.saM. vi.saM. 1534 vaizAkha sudi 2 ravivAra vahI, vi.saM. 1536 tithi vihIna zrI.pra.le.saM., lekhAMka 229 lekhAMka 180 lekhAMka 533 lekhAMka 1170 lekhAMka - 1877 lekhAMka 2584 lekhAMka 1081 lekhAMka 190 lekhAMka 79 lekhAMka 887 lekhAMka 272 lekhAMka 66 lekhAMka 219 lekhAMka 438 lekhAMka 439 lekhAMka 440 lekhAMka 441 lekhAMka 440 lekhAMka 449 lekhAMka 743 lekhAMka 769 lekhAMka 11 guNasamudrasUri ke paTTadhara guNadhIrasUri ____ inake dvarA pratiSThApita 19 pratimAyeM milI haiM, jo vi.saM. 1516 se vi.saM. 1536 taka kI hai| inakA vivaraNa nimnAnusAra hai : / vi.saM. 1516 vaizAkha vadi 10 guruvAra jai.dhA.pra.le.saM.bhAga 1 lekhAMka 960 vi.saM. 1516 jyeSTha vadi 9 zukavAra jai.le.saM.bhAga 3 lekhAMka 2481 vi.saM. 1516 ASAr3ha sudi 3 ravivAra jai.dhA.pra.le.saM.,bhAga 1 lekhAMka 109 vi.saM. 1516 ASAr3ha sudi 3 ravivAra zrI.pra.le.saM., lekhAMka 140 vi.saM. 1516 tithivihIna vahI, lekhAMka 32 vi.saM. 1517 phAlguna sudi 3 zukravAra jai.dhA.pra.le. lekhAMka 165 vi.saM. 1518 jyeSTha vadi 10 ravivAra prA.le. saM., lekhAMka 325 vi.saM. 1518 jyeSTha vadi 10 ravivAra jai.le.saM.,bhAga 3, lekhAMka 2191
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________________ ziva prasAda vi.saM. 1518 ASAr3ha sudi 3 guruvAra jai.dhA.pra.le.saM.bhAga lekhAMka 166 vi.saM. 1518 ASAr3ha sudi 3 guruvAra prA.le.saM., lekhAMka 326 vi. saM. 1518 ASAr3ha sudi 3 guruvAra jai.le.saM.bhAga 3 lekhAMka 2130 evaM bI.jai.le.saM. lekhAMka 2812 vi.saM. 1519 ASADha sudi 1 somavAra a.pra.jai.le.saM., lekhAMka 187 vi.saM. 1519 ASADha vadi 11 zukravAra jai.dhA.pra.le.saM.bhAga 1 lekhAMka 1022 vi.saM. 1521 vaizAkha sudi 10 ravivAra a.pra.jai.le.saM., lekhAMka 84 vi.saM. 1524 vaizAkha sudi 2 ravivAra jai. sa.pra. varSa 6 aMka 10 vi.saM. 1530 mAgha sudi 10 zukravAra za.vai. lekhAMka 203 vi.saM. 1531 vaizAkha sudi 10 zanivAra jai.dhA.pra.le.saM.bhAga 2 lekhAMka 750 vi.saM. 1532 vaizAkha vadi 5 somavAra jai.le.saM.bhAga 3 lekhAMka 2522 vi.saM. 1536 phAlguna sudi 3 somavAra zrI.pra.le.saM., lekhAMka 95 cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha jinAlaya, cintAmaNizerI-rAdhanapura meM pratiSThApita zreyAMsanAtha kI dhAtu kI caubIsI pratimA para vi.saM. 1512 mAgha sudi 10 budhavAra kA lekha utkIrNa hai| isa lekha meM pratimApratiSThApaka AcArya puNyaratnasUri tathA unake pUrvavartI tIna AcAryo-guNasAgarasUri, guNasamudrasUri aura sumatiprabhasUri kA bhI nAma milatA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : guNasAgarasUri guNasamudrasUri sumatiprabhasUri puNyaratnasUri [vi. saM. 1512 meM zreyAMsanAtha kI dhAtu kI caubIsI pratimA ke pratiSThApaka] isa prakAra puNyaratnasUri kA guNasamudrasUri aura sumatiprabhasUri donoM ke paTTadhara ke rUpa meM ullekha milatA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki sumatiprabhasUri aura puNyaratnasUri donoM paraspara gurubhrAtA the aura ina donoM munijanoM ke guru the gunnsmudrsuuri| guNasamudrasUri ke pazcAt unake ziSya sumatiprabhasUri unake paTTadhara bane aura sumatiprabhasUri ke paTTadhara unake kaniSTha gurubhrAtA puNyaratnasUri hue| isIliye guNasamudrasUri aura sumatiprabhasUri donoM ke paTTadhara ke rUpa meM puNyaratnasUri kA ullekha milatA hai| ukta pratimAlekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para pUrNimAgacchIya munijanoM kI jo choTI-choTI gurvAvalI prApta hotI hai unheM isa prakAra samAyojita kiyA jA sakatA hai :
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________________ 1223 42 tAlikA 2 sarvANadasUri vi. saM. 1480 14851 guNasAgarasUri [ vi. saM. 1483-15111 1 hemaratnasUra [ vi.saM. 14861 sumatiprabhasUra [ mukhyapaTTadhara ] samudrasUri vi. saM. 1492-15121 guNadhIrasUri [ ziSyapaTTadhara] [vi. saM. 1516 -1536] pratimAlekha pratimAlekha pUrNimAgaccha se sambaddha abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se kucha anya munijanoM ke pUrvApara sambandha bhI sthApita hote haiN| inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai : munizekharasUri ke paTTadhara sAdhuratnasUri puNyaratnasUri [ paTTadhara 1 [vi. saM. 1512 -1534] zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 1883 pUrNimAgacchIya sAdhuratnasUri dvArA pratiSThApita 28 jina pratimAyeM prApta huI haiN| ina para vi.saM. 1485 se 1527 taka ke lekha utkIrNa haiN| inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai : vi.saM. 1485 vi.saM. 1485 vi. saM. 1485 vi. saM. 1487 vi.saM. 1487 vaizAkha sudi 6 ravivAra jyeSTha vadi 5 ravivAra jyeSTha vadi 11 zanivAra kArtika vadi 5 guruvAra mAgha sudi 5 guruvAra vaizAkha sudi vi. saM. 1489 phAlguna sudi 3 vi.saM. 1502 pauSa vadi 10 budhavAra vi.saM. 1503 jyeSTha sudi 7 somavAra vi.saM. 1506 mAgha sudi 13 ravivAra vi. saM. 1489 jai. dhA. pra. le. bI. jai. le. saM. vahI, jai. le.saM. bhAga 3 za.gi.da., prA. le.saM., jai. le.saM., bhAga 3 bI. jai. le.saM., prA. le.saM., jai. dhA. pra.le.saM., lekhAMka 77 lekhAMka 728 lekhAMka 1598 lekhAMka 2300 lekhAMka 467 lekhAMka 144 2305 lekhAMka lekhAMka 861 lekhAMka 196 lekhAMka 1130
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________________ ziva prasAda vi.saM. 1509 vi.saM. 1509 vi.saM. 1510 vaizAkha sudi 3 zanivAra pauSa vadi 5 ravivAra jyeSTha sudi 3 guruvAra bI.jai.le.saM., jai.dhA.pra.le.saM., pra.le.saM., lekhAMka lekhAMka lekhAMka 1435 1435 460 rA.pra.le.saM., lekhAMka 167 vi.saM. 1510 mAgha sudi 10 budhavAra / zrI.pra.le.saM. lekhAMka 221 vi.saM. 1512 mAgha sudi 5 somavAra za.gi.da., lekhAMka 422 vi.saM. 1513 pauSa vadi 2 budhavAra jai.dhA.pra.le.saM. bhAga 1, lekhAMka 1232 vi.saM. 1513 pauSa vadi 3 guruvAra vahI, bhAga 2 lekhAMka 790 vi.saM. 1515 jyeSTha sudi 9 zrI.pra.le.saM., lekhAMka 2 vi.saM. 1515 mAgha sudi 1 zukravAra prA.le.saM., lekhAMka 299 vi.saM. 1515 mAgha sudi 1 zukravAra zrI.pra.le.saM., lekhAMka 56 vi.saM. 1515 mAgha sudi 1 zukravAra jai.dhA.pra.le.saM. bhAga 2 lekhAMka 949 vi.saM. 1516 vaizAkha vadi 12 zukravAra jai.le.saM.bhAga 1 lekhAMka 554 evaM pra.le.saM. lekhAMka 552 vi.saM. 1517 mAgha sadi 5 guruvAra za.gi.da., lekhAMka 485 vi.saM. 1519 vaizAkha sudi 3 guruvAra rA.pra.le.saM., lekhAMka 221 vi.saM. 1519 mArgazira sudi 4 guruvAra zrI.pra.le.saM., lekhAMka 8 vi.saM. 1522 jyeSTha vadi 8 somavAra jai.le.saM., bhAga 3, lekhAMka 2346 vi.saM. 1527 jyeSTha vadi 7 somavAra jai.sa.pra. varSa 8, aMka 10, pRSTha 303 lekhAMka 16 sAdhuratnasUri ke ziSya (?) zrIsUri inake dvarA pratiSThApita eka pratimA prApta huI hai jisa para vi.saM. 1486 jyeSTha sudi 6 ravivAra kA lekha utkIrNa hai| sAdhuratnasUri ke paTTadhara sAdhusundarasUri inake dvarA pratiSThApita pratimAyeM milI hai jo vi.saM. 1507 se vi.saM. 1533 taka kI hai| inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai :vi.saM. 1507 vaizAkha vadi 11 budhavAra jai.dhA.pra.le.saM.,bhAga 1, lekhAMka 1004 vi.saM. 1515 phAlguna sudi 4 zrI.pra.le.saM., lekhAMka 262 vi.saM. 1515 phAlguna suri 8 zanivAra a.pra.jai. le.saM., lekhAMka 171 vi.saM. 1515 jai.dhA.pra.le., lekhAMka 150
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________________ 44 vi.saM. 1515 vi.saM. 1517 fa.zi. 1517 vi.saM. 1517 vi.saM. 1517 vi.saM. 1517 vi.saM. 1517 vi.saM. 1518 vi. saM. 1518 vi. saM. 1518 vi.saM. 1519 vi.saM. 1519 vi.saM. 1519 vi.saM. 1521 vi.saM. 1521 vi. saM. 1522 vi.saM. 1523 vi.saM. 1523 vi.saM. 1523 vi.saM. 1523 vi.saM. 1525 vi. saM. 1525 vi.saM. 1525 vi. saM. 1526 vi.saM. 1527 " jyeSTha vadi 5 zukravAra phAlguna sudi 3 zukravAra " "" 7 phAlguna sudi zanivAra vaizAkha suri 3 zanivAra "T " " mAgha sudi 4 ravivAra jyeSTha suri 5 zukravAra phAlguna suri 5 guruvAra pauSa vadi 1 guruvAra vaizAkha sudi 4 budhavAra vaizAkha vada 11 zukravAra vahI bhAga 1, prA. le.saM., mAgha sudi 1 budhavAra vaizAkha vadi 1 guruvAra za pauSa vadi 5 somavAra ASAr3ha sudi 8 zukravAra vaizAkha vadi 6 zukravAra jai. saM. pra., varSa 5 aMka 4 "dhAtu pratimAnA lekho" saMpA. muni kAMtisAgara, lekhAMka 25 jai. dhA. pra. le. saM., bhAga 1, lekhAMka 885 rA. pra.le.saM., lekhAMka jai. dhA. pra. le. saM., bhAga 2, lekhAMka 983 210 lekhAMka 1130 lekhAMka 345 lekhAMka 1026 lekhAMka 159 vahI, bhAga 2, vahI, bhAga 1, vahI, bhAga 2, za. vai., vi.saM. 1527 jai. le.saM., bhAga 2, vaizAkha sudi 9 somavAra jai. sa. pra., varSa 5 aMka 4 "dhAtu pratimAnA lekho" saMpA. munikAMtisAgara, jai. dhA. pra. le., evaM 359 jai. dhA. pra. le., lekhAMka jai. dhA. pra. le. saM., bhAga 1, lekhAMka lekhAMka bhramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 1966 lekhAMka vahI, lekhAMka jai. dhA. pra. le. saM., bhAga 2, lekhAMka a. prA. jai. le.saM., rA. pra. le.saM., pra.le.saM., evaM vahI, pra.le.saM., jai. dhA. pra. le. saM., bhAga 2, jai. dhA. pra.le.saM. bhAga 1, vahI bhAga 1, pra. le. saM., evaM jai. le.saM., bhAga 1, prA. le.saM., 167 874 883 337 331 618 lekhAMka 509 lekhAMka 241 lekhAMka 627 lekhAMka 1156 32 lekhAMka lekhAMka 187 lekhAMka 188 lekhAMka 656 lekhAMka 226 lekhAMka 27 lekhAMka 45 lekhAMka 683 lekhAMka 768 lekhAMka 410
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________________ ziva prasAda vi.saM. 1527 vi.saM. 1527 vi.saM. 1529 vi.saM. 1530 vi.saM. 1531 vi.saM. 1532 jai. dhA. pra. le. saM., bhAga 1, lekhAMka 807 prA.le.saM., lekhAMka 412 pra. le.saM., lekhAMka 717 evaM lekhAMka jai. le. saM., bhAga 2, prA.le.saM., pauSa vadi 2 budhavAra lekhAMka kArtika sudi 12 zanivAra jai. dhA. pra. le. saM., bhAga 1, lekhAMka caitra vadi 2 guruvAra lekhAMka pra. le.saM., evaM vi.saM. 1545 vi.saM. 1547 vi. saM. 1548 vaizAkha vadi 10 vaizAkha vadi 11 budhavAra mAgha sudi 6 somavAra zrIsUri [vi. saM. 1486] 1 pratimAlekha vi.saM. 1532 vi.saM. 1533 sAdhusundarasUri ke paTTadhara devasundarasUri kArtika vadi 1 somavAra vaizAkha sudi 4 budhavAra . jai. le. saM., bhAga 1, jai. dhA. pra. le.saM., bhAga 2, prA. le.saM., lekhAMka lekhAMka lekhAMka : lekhAMka 217 inake dvArA pratiSThApita 3 pratimAyeM milI haiM jinakA vivaraNa isa prakAra haiM phAlguna vadi 2 maMgalavAra zrI pratimA le. saM., prA.le.saM., kArtika sudi 12 zukravAra rA. pra.le.saM., mAgha sudi. 10 guruvAra lekhAMka 495 lekhAMka 310 ukta pratimAlekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para pUrNimAgacchIya guru-paramparA kI eka saMkSipta tAlikA isa prakAra banAyI jA sakatI hai : : tAlikA 3 ? J munizekharasUri sAdhuratnasUra [vi.saM. 1485-1519123 pratimAlekha' sAdhusundarasUri [vi. saM. 1506-15331 37 pratimAlekha 1281 427 47 740 devasundarasUri For Private & Personal vi.saM. 1545-15481 3 pratimAlekha 561 1039 452 45
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________________ 46 abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para pUrNimAgaccha ke kucha anya munijanoM ke bhI pUrvApara sambandha sthApita hote haiM, parantu unake AdhAra para isa gaccha kI guru-paramparA kI kisI tAlikA ko samAyojita kara pAnA kaThina hai| inakA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai : bhramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 1866 1. jayaprabhasUri [ vi. saM. 14651 2. jayaprabhasUri ke paTTadhara jayabhadrasUri [ vi. saM. 1489-15191 3. vidyAzekharasUri ke paTTadhara guNasundarasUri [vi. saM. 1504-15241 4. jinabhadrasUri [ vi. saM. 1473-14811 5. jinabhadrasUri ke paTTadhara dharmazekharasUri [ vi. saM. 1503-15201 6. dharmazekharasUri ke paTTadhara vizAlarAjasUri [ vi. saM. 1525-15301 7. vIraprabhasUri [ vi. saM. 1464-15061 8. vIraprabhasUri ke paTTadhara kamalaprabhasUri [ vi. saM. 1510-15331 abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se pUrNimAgaccha ke anya bahuta se munijanoM ke nAma bhI jJAta hote haiM, parantu vahAM unakI guru-paramparA kA nAmollekha na hone se unake paraspara sambandhoM kA patA nahIM cala pAtA / sAhityika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para saMkalita guru-ziSya paramparA [tAlikA saMkhyA 11 ke sAtha bhI ina munijanoM kA pUrvApara sambandha sthApita nahIM ho pAtA, phira bhI inase itanA to spaSTa rUpa se sunizcita ho jAtA hai ki isa gaccha ke munijanoM kA zvetAmbara jaina samAja ke eka bar3e varga para lagabhaga 400 varSo ke lambe samaya taka vyApaka prabhAva rhaa| abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para nirmita guru-ziSya paramparA kI tAlikA saMkhyA 3 kA sAhityika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para saMkalita guru-ziSya paramparA kI tAlikA saMkhyA 1 ke sAtha paraspara samAyojana saMbhava nahIM ho sakA, kintu tAlikA saMkhyA 1 aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para saMkalita tAlikA saMkhyA 2 ke paraspara samAyojana se pUrNimAgacchIya munijanoM kI jo vistRta tAlikA banatI hai, vaha isa prakAra hai :draSTavya - tAlikA saMkhyA - 4
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________________ "tAlikA 4. sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para nirmita pANemAgacchIya guru-ziSya paramparA sarvadevasAra vijayasiMhasUri candraprabhasUri / vi.saM. 1149/59 pUrNimAgaccha ke pravartaka ] dhamaghoSasari samantabhadrasari devasAre samudraghoSasUri yazoghoSasUri vakrezvarasUri zivaprabhasUri bhadrezvara sAre muniprabhasUri vimalaMgaNi [vi.sa.11811 darzanazAdevattiA devabhadrasAra [vi.saM.122 darzanazuddhivRhadavRtti jinadattasUri tilakaprabhasUri vIraprabhasUri mAnaralasAra hemaprabhasari vi.saM.12251 ravi.sa.1243] amamasvAmicaritamahAkAvya praznottararala tridazaprabhasUri tilakAcArya sarvadevasAre ajitaprabhasAre vi.sa.1007 zAMtinAthacArata ke katA [vi.sa.1261 pratyakabadracAratA dharmaprabhAre abhayaprabhasUri ratnaprabhasUri kamalaprabhasari [vi.sa.1862 puNDarAkacArata ke racanAkAra zAMtibhadari bhuvanatilakasUri ratnaprabhasUri hematilakasAre hemaralasAre somaprabhamAre ratnagarapari candAmahari devasiMhamAre padmAtelakasari zrItilakasUri hemaprabhasUri
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________________ ratnazekharasAre devacandasUri ratnasAgarasUri padmaprabhasUri sUdANadasari [vi.saM.14801485 pratimAlekha guNasAgarasari vi.sa.1483 1511 pratimAlekha] devAnandasUri vi.saM.1455 kSetrasamAsavRtti ke krtaa| guNasamudrasUri - abhayaca satyarajagaNi va.sa.1514 pratimAlakha guNadhIrasari vi.sa.1516-15361 pAyaratnasAra va.sa.1512-1536 pratimAlakhA rAmacandrasari / vi.saM.1490 vikramavArata ke racanAkAra zrIpAlacaritA sumati, nasUri udayasamadasAra [vi.sa.1580 ke racanAkAra
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________________ ziva prasAda saMdarbha 1. tasmannugravizAlazIlakalitasvAdhyAyadhyAnodyato sarpaccArutapaH susaMyamayutazreya sudhA... layaH / sacchIlAMgadalaH kalaMkavikalo jJAnAdigaMdhoddharaH sevyo devanRpadrirephasutateH zrIcandragaccho'bujaH / / 4 / / tasmistIrthavibhUSake'bhavadatha zrIsarvadevaprabhuH sUriH zIlanidhirdhiyA jitamarutsUri: satAmagraNIH / tasyA'pyadbhutacArucaMcadamalotsarpadguNaikAspadaM syAcchiSyo jayasiMhamUriramalastasyApi bhUbhUSaNam / / 5 / / helAnirjitavAdivRMdakalikAlAzeSaluptavratA cArotsarpitasatpathaikakadinaH siMhaH kumaargdbhipe| caMcaccaMcalacittavRttikaraNagrAmAzvaghAto vabhU zrIcaMdraprabhasUricArucaritazcAritrANAmagraNIH / / 6 / / jJAnAdityaratnarohaNagiriH sacchIlapAthonidhi Iro ghIdhanasAdhusaMhatipatiH zrIdharmadhUrdhArakaH / syAta siddhAMtahiraNyagharSaNakRte paTTaH paTuH zuddhadhIH ziSyo gacchapatiH pratApataraNiH zrIdharmaghoSaprabhuH / / 7 / / tacchiSyavimalagaNinA kRtinA bhrAtrA'nujena zAstrasya / asyoccairvRttiriyaM vihitA sAhAyyataH sudhiyA / / 8 / / darzanazuddhivRtti kI prazasti Muni Punyavijaya - Catalogue of Palm-Leaf Mss in the Shanti Natha Jain Bhandar, Cambay [G.O.S. No. 135 and 149] Baroda 1961-66 A.D., pp. 269-270. 2. C.D. Dalal - A Descriptive Catalogue of Mss In the Jaina Bhandars at Pattan [G.O.S. No. LXXVI] Baroda- 1937. A.D., pp. 5-7. 3. Muni Punyavijaya - New Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit Mss - Jesalmer Collection, EL.D. Series No. 36] Ahmedabad 1972 A.D. P. 79. Muni Punyavijaya - Catalogue of Palm-Leaf Mss in the Shanti Natha Jain Bhandar. Cambay. pp. 349-356.
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________________ zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 19 5. mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI - jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, mumbaI 1933 I., pRSTha 340. 6. vahI, pRSTha 410. 7. vahI, pRSTha 432. 8. vahI, pRSTha 444. 9. Muni Punyavijaya - New Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit Mss - Jesalmer Collection, p. 236. desAI, pUrvokta, pRSTha 379 gulAbacaMdra caudharI - jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 6 [pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA, granthAMka 20 1 vArANasI 1973 I., pRSTha 515 10. manijinavijaya - saMpA. vividhagacchIyapaTTAvalIsaMgraha [siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granthAka 531 bambaI 1961 I., pRSTha 232-234. muni kalyANavijaya - saMpA. paTTAvalIparAgasaMgraha zrI kalyANavijaya zAstra saMgraha samiti, jAlaura, 1966 I. pRSTha 219. saMketa sUcI jai.le.saM. - prA.jai. le.saM. - prA.le.saM. - jai.dhA.pra.le.saM. - jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga 1-3, saMpA. pUrana canda nAhara, kalakattA 1918, 1927, 1929 I. . prAcIna jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, saMpA. muni jinavijaya, jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1921 I. prAcIna lekha saMgraha, saMpA. vijayadharmasUri, yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA bhAvanagara, 1929 I. jaina dhAtu pratimA lekha saMgraha bhAga 1-2, saMpA. muni buddhisAgara, zrI adhyAtmajJAna prasAraka maMDala, pAdarA, 1924 I. arbudaprAcIna jainalekha saMdoha AbU - bhAga 2, saMpA. muni jayantavijaya, yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, ujjaina, vi.saM. 1994 arbudAcala pradakSiNA jaina lekha saMdoha, AbU - bhAga 5, saMpA. muni jayantavijaya, yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, bhAvanagara, vi.saM. 2005 jaina dhAtu pratimA lekha, saMpA. muni kAtisAgara, pra. zrI jinadattasUri jJAna bhaMDAra, sUrata, 1950 I. pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, saMpA. mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, sumatisadana, koTA-rAjasthAna 1953 I. a.prA.jai. le.saM. - a.pra.jai.le.saM. - jai.dhA.pra.le. - pra.le.saM. -
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________________ prasAda jai.le.saM. - pra.le.saM. sa.pra. - gi.da. - bIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha, saMpA. agaracanda nAhaTA evaM bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, nAhaTA bradarsa, 4 jagamohana malika lena, kalakattA 1955 I. zrI pratimA lekha saMgraha, saMpA. daulatasiMha loDhA, prakA. - yatIndra sAhitya sadana, dhAmaNiyA, mevAr3a 1951 I. jaina satya prakAza zatrujayagiggijadarzana saMpA. muni kaMcanasAgara, prakA. - AgamoddhAraka granthamAlA, kapaDavaja, 1982 I. zatrujayavaibhava saMpA. muni kAMtisAgara, kuzalasaMsthAna, puSpa 4, jayapura 1990 I. rAdhanapurapratimAlekhasaMgraha, saMpA. muni vizAlavijaya, yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, bhAvanagara- 1960 I. pra.le.saM. - sarca esosieTa, prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti aura purAtatva vibhAga,
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________________
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________________ kavi chalha kRta araDakamalla kA cAra bhASAoM meM varNana - bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA kisI bhI bhASA ke vikAsa-krama kI abhijJatA ke liye prAcIna sAhitya kA anuzIlana anivArya hai| prAcIna granthAgAroM meM gote lagAne para mUlyavAna mauktika hastagata hote haiM para isa kArya meM maulika zodhakartA ApekSita hai| yadyapi pahale kI apekSA aba zodha kArya meM pragati huI hai aura phalasvarUpa bahuta-sI aprakAzita sAmagrI prakAza meM AI hai phira bhI itanA vipula sAhitya chipA par3A hai jisakA anusaMdhAna Aja bhI nahIM ho pAyA hai| yoM to "bAraha koze bolI palaTai"-- yaha lokokti prasiddha hai parantu mukhya bhASAoM meM likhA huA jo sAhitya upalabdha hai, usI kA adhyayana usake vikAsa-vRtta kI AdhArazilA hai| prakAzana-yuga meM griyarsana Adi videzI bhASAzAstriyoM ne eka hI bhAva vAle vividha bhASAoM ke uddharaNa dekara apanI adhyayana zailI ko janatA ke sammukha prastuta kara adhyetAoM ke liye mArga prazasta kiyA hai| vastutaH dekhA jAya to yaha paramparA bhArata meM pUrva kAla se calI A rahI thii| prAcIna granthoM meM vibhinna prAntIya bhASAoM ke udAharaNa bahuta pAye jAte haiN| bhASA ke mAdhyama se bhAvoM kI prAntIya zailI se spaSTAbhivyakti jitanI gadya meM ho sakatI hai utanI padya meM nhiiN| kriyA-padAdi kI alpatA se padya eka dUsarI bhASA ke ati nikaTa A jAte hai para gadya to jana-jIvana meM aharniza vyavahAra hone se adhika vAstavikatA pUrNa hai| vividha bhASAoM kA eka sAtha Ananda lene ke lie purAtanakAlIna kaviyoM ne katipaya stotra-chaMda Adi phita kiye haiN| zrI agaracanda jI nAhaTA ne aSTa bhASAoM ke savaiye, caubolI savaiye Adi rAjasthAna bhAratI meM prakAzita kiye the| gadya kRtiyAM to prAcIna rAjasthAna meM pracura parimANa meM pAI jAtI haiM, jinameM varNakasamuccaya, vAgvilAsa, sabhAzrRMgAra mutkAlAnuprAsa, abhANaka ratnAkara Adi evaM paravartI dalapatavilAsa aura rAjasthAnI meM saikar3oM bAteM, nIbAMvalarodupaharo Adi pracura sAhitya hai| laghu kRtiyoM meM padyAnukArI zailI eka vizeSa prakAra kI thii| hamAre saMgraha kI tapAgaccha purvAklI bhAratIya vidyA meM prakAzita hai| maiMne rAjasthAnI bhAga 2 meM do padyAnukArI kRtiyA~ prakAzita kI thI, jinameM sAle-bahanoI kI goSThI meM apanI jAti, gotra, guru, kula devI Adi ke varNana ke sAtha-sAtha rAjAoM kA bhI varNana prastuta hai| ye kRtiyA~ prAcIna rAjasthAnI se saMbandhita pI para kucha aisI kRtiyA~ bhI milatI haiM jina meM bhinna-bhinna bhASAoM ke udAharaNa diye jAte the| bIkAnera jJAna bhaNDAra meM jinaprabhasUri paramparA kI eka saMgraha prati meM aisI gadya- kRti hai jisameM dhuMjayatIrtha para yAtrArtha upasthita gurjarI, gvAlerI, mAravAr3I aura mAlavI striyoM dvarA
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________________ 54 apanI-apanI bhASA meM prastuta kiye gaye varNana hai| isI zailI se sambaddha eka kRti yahAM ! kI jAtI hai, jisameM aNDakamalla nAmaka eka jaina zreSThiputra ke guNa-varNana ke prasaMga meM (gujarAtI - marAThI), pUrvI, mulatAnI va pahAr3I bhASA meM taddezIya striyoM ke saMvAda prastuta kRti saM. 1570 meM likhe hue eka guTake meM milI hai, jo kAMgar3Anagara-koTa ke Asa-pAsa paMjAba prAnta meM hI likhA huA hai / isa kRti kA nAyaka aNDakamalla sahajapAla kA pautra aura saMghapati tejapAla kA putra isakA vaMza atyanta pratiSThita aura sulatAna sanAkhta (rAjamAnya) thA, usI kI mahimA varNita hai| yaha araDakamalla caudaha vidyA nidhAna, dAnezvara, SaDbhASAvid aura bhogapurandara racanA meM isake dillI nivAsI hone kA spaSTa ullekha hai / araDakamalla kA vizeSa paricaya ke atirikta prApta nahIM hai| yaha guTakA saM. 1570 kA likhA huA hone se yaha kRti pandraha solahavIM zatI kI nirmita mAlUma hotI hai| isI kAla meM araDakamalla nAma ke eka buddhi vyakti hue haiM, jo zrImAla vaMzIya jaina the, inakI abhyarthanA se zrI jinaprabhasUra zAkhA "caritravarddhana gaNi" nAmaka viziSTa vidvAna ne 'raghuvaMza' kAvyavRti kI racanA kI hai| ye tejapa ke pautra aura saliga ke putra the / nAma aura samaya sAmya ke bAvajUda bhI bApa-dAdoM ke nAma thor3A antara donoM araDakamalla ko abhinna mAnane ke lobha kA saMvaraNa karA detA hai| zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, isa kRti ke bAda yahA~ saM. tejapAla viSayaka chaMda isI guTake se uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai, kavi palha kI racanA hai| isa 7 (2+5) padyoM vAlI kRti meM saM. tejapAla ko saM. sahajapa kA putra likhA gayA hai| araDakamalla chaMda ke racayitA kavi chalha haiN| aise nAma tatkAlIna kavi meM huA karate the| isI guTake meM salha, nalha, vilha, palha Adi kI kRtiyAM vidyamAna saMbhavataH yeM kavi bhATa yA bhojaka jAti ke hoNge| isa kRti ke prArambha meM puvvaNI, uttaraNI, pacAdhaNI aura dakSiNI striyoM kA varNana unakI bhASA ke sandarbha meM pUrvI bolI meM bhojapurI - avadhI, uttarI meM pahAr3I bolI, jisake meM nagarakoTa, dhIMgoTa aura mAloTa kA nAmollekha milatA hai / chanda meM uttaraNI aura uttarAdhAi nAma kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / mulatAnI ke liye pacAdhaNi zabda prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jo pazciminI kA paryAya hai, para aba isa kA prayoga lupta ho gayA mAlUma hotA hai| dakSiNI meM gurjarI strI ke saMvAda hai, pahale varNana meM prArambha kI 2-3 paMktiyA~ marAThI bhASA meM aura bAda kI prAcIna rAjasthAnI yA gujarAtI meM haiN| isa kRti meM vyavahRta bhASA pAMca sau varSa purAnI hai, jo bhASAvikAsa ke dRSTikoNa se apanA vizeSa mahatva rakhatI hai| AzA hai, vidvAn bhASA - zAstrI loga isa viSaya meM vizeSa prakAza DAleMgeM / isa guTake meM kavi chaha kRta eka gUr3hArtha chaMda likhA milA hai, jise yahA~ uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai : uttama puraSa pragaTa prithavImahi, saNa sahAyau sadA saraMga /
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________________ bhavara lAla nAhaTA niti uThi nIra pivai so ghara ghara, ahi bhojana na suhAi aNg| hayaiIsImadhara jivaI jatana jAse nita, calaNa vihUNau bhamai vides| kavi chalha pa artha dehu tumha paMDita, tisu bhugavai bhUpati siNdhnresu||1|| puciNi, uttaraNI pacAdhaNi, dakSaNa nAri su kharI vickssnn| dhAraI ika disi Isa dhiyAvahi, araDakamalla seja sussirvi|| dakSaNa nAri kahai hasi gorI, prema piyAmI kAmi ki horii|| amI vayaNi mukhi amRta cAvara, araDakamalla seja sussiraavi|| anai sAMbhalijyau bAI e kAiM eka mAharA mukha nA vcn| tAharai Dhila maMDali nai desi kuMvara ek| rupavaMta mAMTI DolAM cA nirikhaalaa| te kahau dutiyA nau cNdrmaa| sabhA nau mNddl| dasa cyAri cauda vidyA nau bhoj| jANa prviinn| navala nAgarIka / SaTa bhASA nau dIkarau tehanata kaajiii| kAMi eka siMgAra kiinii| prathami hI gaMgAnai udaki majjana siMgAra kiiji| bIjai agara caMndana kasthUrI nau lepa sarIra mAMDijai navAdi nau tilaka lalATi ThaviMjai rAhu nA pAna cUnau kasturI nI khaira baDI kevar3A nau kaath| tehanA mukhavAsa taMbola kiidhaa| avara nimmala muktAphala nA haar| dakSaNa nA cIra AMDabara karI nai sakhInai sNghaatiiN| rahasiMiM pagu dhrijii||1|| chaMda -- pagu dharai suseja kuMvara vara kAmiNi nava sata sAji siMgAra taMna kavalAdala nayaNa kIra sara gaMdhaDa kara kaMkaNa uri hAra vanaM zrIphala vi vi sihaNa lINa rasi chapaya haMsagamiNi mukhi amI cavai araDakamalla suMdara savicakSaNa sarasa sadhaNa gujarI rmi||1|| pUraviNI kahisI suNi sAdhaNa, he gujari, garabu na kArisI imasima suNdri| nayaNa bANa sara paMcama lAvU, araDakamala seja suSi raavuu||1|| Only
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________________ 56 zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 1982 AtA suna sa sakhIe pUrava desakara mahile bolatI Ahi / kasa bolatI aahi| tumhArA pakSimA kara desi DhIlI kara nagara kuMvara saTha nIka ciinhaa| kasa suTha nIka cInhA, jasa gaMgA kara niir| sAhasa kara dhiir| budhi kari nidhAna / sahasa gopI kara kaanhaa| rajanIkara bhaan| kusama mhesvr| mAnini mana raMjana virahaNI prANavallabhA AtAM suNi sukhiye| avara uttima suThi nIka lakhyaNa kasa muTha nIka lakSaNa jakarI paurika darisaNa cha yANavai paakhNdd| naTa naattk| peraNI paatr| guNa gAhA ura bUjha vaNahAra sakara karA pravINa sahajapAra saMghaI kara nAtI tejapAra saMI karapUta / takare kAraNa siMgAra kiinhaa|| kasA siMgAra kInAM / chaMda - suThi karai siMgAra nayanA bhari kajarA, kUkU caMdani khaura kri| siri dakSaNa cIra, karihiM kasi kaMcU, karI paTorA vAna vnN|| mukha suraMga taMborA, magga bhari siMdurA, dhimma piyAsi lAga mnii|| araDakamalla suMdara rasi raavi| raMgi rAvai hasi puurvinnii||2|| pAcANi dhaNa juvvaNi vaalii| nayaNi salUNI kAma kraalii|| bahuvidhi phullaha seja vichaavaaN| araDakamalla seja sussiraavaa|| viNI suNaMdI hii| asANai mulatAnA haMdA gAMvA havai hika mANUha sarovari AhA tiyA paMja sata kuDIe dhAMvaNai jA~dI haI jA disai tI hikka mottiyaar| khAMDe haMdI mutthi| ghor3e haMdI puThi pAna cAvaiMdA Ai nikkthaa| sAMni ke nehar3A gabharu jehaDA rAu bhrhuu| jeharA rAu TulacI jeharA rAu kamaladI maI jANiuM tAMbI kuDI ASaMdI hi| sUNaMdI bhaiNI eise na hoi| catve dI suM jiNahadA virada nIsANa bharAira vahu cakki phllA tinhAdaI vaMsi sahajapAla saMghaI dA potrA tejapAla saMghai putt| dIvANa haMdA dIpaku karNa jehA daataar| bhoja jehA vddvaar| vaacaad| apicaal| sahasa gopIdA vllbh| jAM dekhai lakha samappai jAM bolaI tA dAlida kppi| jAM hasiyai maI mani mani bhaayaa| lalau hI tAM varu paayaa|| baru pAyA sakhi ye lalI pujaI dIvar3a cittA dAtAra kle| sulitAna sanAkhata tiNi kuli udayau dAlida bhaMjaNa karaNa chle||
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________________ bhavara lAla nAhaTA dhana mAi jaNai dI sabba vidhi cNgaa| viraha davaNa mukhi amI cvi| araDakkamalla suMdara sukhi rAvaI pAcAdhaNi sukhi seja ravaI / / 3 / / uttara nAri taruNi srvickssnn| kamala vadani vigasaMdI saadhnn| cabe kale piyA mani bhaavaa| araDakamalla seja sukhi raavaaN|| 1 / / viNI NaidIhai masADai dhIgoTai mAloTai nagara kotti| lokAMdA khelu dekhai / bolai celI sAkine haDI apadarA laMgodA hAra kasturI dA mahAkAra pAnAM phophalAM siNgaar| cUr3edA jhaMkAra rAhoti dho pichii| jAM dekhai tA kuvara ek| koTI-koTI jAMdo dittho| bolaI viDie inhAde kAraNaraM / devI jAlapAdI bhagati kitI tAM mana ciMde divahe so varu paayaa| mana dhiMde divahe so varu pAyA pajI jAlapA ichkre| dhaNa cabeM kalI bhamara bhuMjaka piya muttI mAMga siMdUra bhre|| guNa gAhA gaMdha chaMdachayalla paNipuhavi pudahara chalha cvi| araDakamalla suMdara (seja) suSi rAvaI uttaradhiNI sukhi seja rvii||4|| gujjari guNaha gariha neha nava jubvnnvaalii| puvviNi pema saNeha rupi kari kAma kraalii|| pAcAdhaNi hasi pigasi sejalaTakaidI aavi| kari siMgAra puvvaNI rahasikari prIya mani bhAvai / guNi sIla sahaji cyArai caturi sukavi chalha sacu cvi| saMghAdhipati tejapAla tanu so araDakamala sijjaarmii||5|| iti|| saMghapati tejapAla chaMda kAmiNi sA kANayaMgI kaNahIga kaNaya kusuma kari gahiyaM __ arAhai arihaMto vara maMgai tejpaalsy|| 1 / / suMdarI marAla gamiNI vayaNI sasi punna majjJi sAraMgI aya tikha vaMka ghavalA loyaNa maga DiMbha vaMka suka rNkaa||2|| kuraMka DiMbha loiNI, huraI arNAgi raMttiyA~ ___ ravatara seya kRzna nayar3a zravaNa pttiyaaN|| kaDarava tikha pathavANaM bhAva bheda jaannye| suteja no maMyaka ruvi seja tIya maannye|| 1 / / ju komalA mRNAla bAla pANa pNkjaasre| __ gaMbhIra nAbhi majhi khINa laMka muThi kehre|| salAyae sazarasolahA rAvala
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________________ 58 zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 10 su teja no maMyaka rupi seja tIya mANa e||2|| sayaMba nAyakA vicitta raMbha ruvi didviyaM payoharA uttagaM pIna hema kuMbha saMThiyAM lacaMti haMsa kI gayA gayaMda matta gAminI __ juteya no maMyaka ruvi seja tIya maaninii||3|| saro maMyaka ruva teya timira mAna khNddaanno| amI jhAraMti sayala lo lalATi reha mNddnno|| kalAva keza naya turaMga rahasi vitthaannye| su teja no maMyaka ruva rahai tIya mAninI ( maanne)||4|| sasivadanI, saguNaMga agiM caMdana crcNtii| nava sattaha saMThavai citti padaminI vihsNtii|| paTeMbara paMguraNa hAra muttAhala sohi| kanaka kalasa kuca kaThina piSi suranara mana mohi|| syAmA suraMga kavi palha maNi, pika vayaNI piu piu cavai / * saMghAdhipati sahajapAla tanu sutejapAla sijA rmi|| 5 / / itichNd|| - - nAhaTA bradarsa, 4, jagamohana mallika lena, kalakattA
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________________ dvAdazAra nayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana zodha prabandha kA sAra saMkSepa 1 svataMtra dArzanika ciMtana kI dRSTi se bhAratIya darzana paramparA meM zramaNa paramparA kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| zramaNa paramparA kA yaha vaiziSTaya rahA hai ki usane darzana ko AsthA se mukta karake tArkika AdhAra para prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| vartamAna meM zramaNa paramparA ke jo darzana upalabdha haiM, unameM pramukha rUpa se cArvAka, bauddha aura jaina darzanoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / yadyapi Aja AjIvaka Adi kucha zramaNa paramparA ke darzana suvyavasthita rUpa meM anupalabdha hai aura kucha sAMkhya aura yoga jaise darzanoM ko Astika darzanoM ke varga meM samAhita karake vaidika darzana paramparA kA hI aMga mAne jAne lagA hai| - jitendra bI. zAha bhAratIya dArzanika ciMtana kI jo vividha dhArAe~ astitva meM AIM unake bIca samanvaya sthApita karane kA kAma jainadarzana ne apane nayavAda ke mAdhyama se prArambha kiyA thaa| bauddha darzana se bhinna jaina darzana kA yaha vaiziSTaya rahA ki jahA~ bauddha dArzanikoM ne apane se bhinna darzana paramparA meM doSoM kI udbhAvanA dikhAkara mAtra unheM nakArane kA kAma kiyA; vahA~ jaina dArzanikoM ne yadyapi vibhinna darzana paramparAoM kI samIkSA kI kintu unheM nakArane ke sthAna para paraspara samanvita aura saMyojita karane kA prayatna kiyaa| jaina dArzanikoM kA yaha udghoSa thA ki jo bhI darzana apane ko hI eka mAtra satya mAnatA hai evaM dUsare darzanoM ko asatya kahakara nakArane kA prayatna karatA hai, vahI mithyAdarzana hai| unake anusAra vibhinna darzana jaba vibhinna apekSAoM ke AdhAra para eka dUsare se samanvita ho jAte haiM, to ve satyatA ko prApta kara lete haiN| pratyeka darzana apane se virodhI mata kA nirapekSa rUpa se khaMDana karane ke kAraNa jahA~ durnaya (mithyAdarzana ) hotA hai vahIM vaha darzana anekAntavAda meM sthAna pAkara sunaya ( samyakdarzana) bana jAtA hai 1 A. siddhasena ne pRthak-pRthak darzanoM ko ratnoM kI upamA dI aura yaha batAyA ki ve darzana pRthak-pRthak rUpa meM kitane hI mUlyavAna kyoM na hoM, hAra kI zobhA ko prApta nahIM kara paate| unheM hAra kI zobhA ko prApta karane ke lie eka sUtra meM Abaddha honA hogaa| jaina vicArakoM kA anekAntavAda vibhinna dArzanika matavAdoM ko sUtrabaddha karane kA eka prayatna hai| AcArya mallavAdI kA isa dizA eka mahattvapUrNa avadAna dvAdazAra nayacakra ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane hai / anekAntavAda ke kAraNa jaina darzana meM jo vizeSatA AyI, vaha yaha ki jaina darzana ke adhyayana ke lie aura usake samyak prastutIkaraNa ke lie anya dArzanika paramparAoM kA adhyayana Avazyaka mAnA gyaa|
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________________ 60 bhramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 1962 yahI kAraNa thA ki bhAratIya darzana paramparA ke itihAsa meM darzana saMgrAhaka granthoM kI racanA sarvaprathama jaina paramparA meM hI huii| jaina dArzanikoM meM A. siddhasena divAkara (4zatI) prathama AcArya haiM, jinhoMne apane suprasiddha grantha sanmati - prakaraNa meM vibhinna dArzanika matoM ko samIkSita aura samanvita karane kA prayAsa kiyA / yadyapi A. siddhasena ke samakAlIna bauddha dArzanikoM ne bhI vibhinna dArzanika matavAdoM kI samIkSA kI thI kintu unhone mAtra unameM doSoM kI udbhAvanA kara unheM nirasta karane kA hI prayAsa kiyA, jaba ki AcArya siddhasena ne spaSTa rUpa se yaha udghoSaNA kI ki jaba taka pratyeka darzana (naya) pRthak-pRthak hotA hai taba taka vaha apanI hI satyatA ke mithyA abhiniveza ke kAraNa hI mithyA rahatA hai, kintu jaba vaha anaikAntika aura anAgrahI dRSTi ko svIkAra kara eka dUsare kI sApekSika satyatA ko svIkAra karate hue unameM sAmaMjasya sthApita karatA hai, to vaha samyak bana jAtA hai| isI krama meM unhoMne Age yaha batAyA thA ki sAMkhya darzana dravyArthika naya ko pradhAna mAnakara aura saugata darzana paryAyArthika naya ko pradhAna mAnakara apanI vivecanA prastuta karatA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM ukta donoM nayoM ko apekSA bheda se aura viSayabheda ke AdhAra para pradhAnatA dI jAtI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa prakAra se samanvaya kI dRSTi ko lekara A. siddhasena divAkara ne jisa paramparA ko prastuta kiyA thA, hamAre Alocya grantha dvAdazAra nayacakra meM mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa (5vIM zatI) ke dvArA usI ko saMpoSita kiyA gayA / prastuta grantha aura granthakAra ke vaiziSTya ko sthApita karate hue jaina vidyA ke mUrdhanya vijJAna paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne likhA hai ki "bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAda bhAratIya cintana meM tAttvika darzanoM kI bAr3ha A gaI thii| sAmAnyatayA yaha kaha denA ki sabhI nayoM (darzanoM ), mantavyoM, matavAdoM kA samUha anekAntavAda hai, yaha eka bAta hai, kintu una maMtavyoM ko vizeSa rUpa se vicAra pUrvaka anekAntavAda ke vyApaka pariprekSya meM sthApita karanA yaha dUsarI bAta hai| yaha mahattvapUrNa kArya yadi kisI jaina dArzanika ne kiyA to unameM prathama nAma A. mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa kA hai" / grantha aura granthakAra kI isI vizeSatA ko dRSTi meM rakhakara hamane isa grantha ko apanI gaveSaNA kA viSaya banAyA / A. mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne bradazAra nayacakra meM apane anupama dArzanika pAMDitya kA paricaya to diyA hI hai kintu unake sAtha-sAtha unhoMne bhAratIya dArzanika itihAsa kI eka apUrva sAmagrI ko AgAmI pIr3hI ke lie chor3A bhI hai| kintu bhAratIya darzana kA yaha durbhAgya thA ki A. mallavAdI kA yaha mahattvapUrNa dArzanika grantha kAlakrama meM naSTa ho gayA, mAtra usakI A. siMhasUri kI eka TIkA hI upalabdha ho skii| kintu usa TIkA meM grantha ke kucha aMza hI upalabdha the, sampUrNa grantha usa TIkA grantha meM bhI upalabdha nahIM thA / ataH usa TIkA ke AdhAra para bhI mUla grantha ko punaH vyavasthita karanA eka durUha kArya thA / pU. muni jambUvijaya jI ne isa durUha kArya ko hAtha meM liyA aura tibbatI bhASA meM anudita prAcIna bauddha graMthoM meM prastuta grantha ke jo-jo aMza upalabdha ho sake unakA adhyayana karake, isa grantha ko vyavasthita kiyA / isa grantha meM aneka lupta griMthoM ke uddharaNa evaM luptavAdoM
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________________ jitendra bI. zAha kI samIkSA hai| jo darzana ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| isa dRSTi se yaha grantha na kevala jaina darzana apitu bhAratIya vAGmaya kA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| isa grantha meM nayoM ke vivecana aura prastutIkaraNa kI jo zailI hai, vaha bhI abhUtapUrva hai| isake pUrva aura pazcAt ke kisI bhI jaina dArzanika grantha meM isa zailI kA anusaraNa nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| isakA yaha vaiziSTaya vidvAnoM ke sAmane lAnA Avazyaka thaa| yahI socakara hamane isa grantha ko apane zodha kA viSaya nirdhArita kiyaa| isa grantha kA vaiziSTaya yaha hai ki isameM nayacaka kI avadhAraNA ke mAdhyama se usa yuga ke sabhI dArzanika matoM ko kramapUrvaka prastuta evaM samIkSita kiyA gayA hai| isameM naya zabda eka-eka darzana paramparA kA paricAyaka hai| AcArya mallavAdI ne ina nayoM kA nAmakaraNa evaM vargIkaraNa bhI apane hI DhaMga se vidhi, niyama Adi ke rUpa meM nimna bAraha vibhAgoM meM kiyA hai -- ara kA nAma carcita viSaya 1. vidhiH ajJAnavAda 2. vidhi-vidhiH kAraNavAda 3. vidhyubhayam IzvaravAda 4. vidhi niyamaH karmavAda 5. vidhi niyamau dravya-kriyAvAda 6. vidhiniyama vidhiH bhedavAda 7. ubhayobhayam apohavAda 8. ubhayaniyamaH zabdAdvaitavAda/jAtivAda 9. niyamaH sAmAnya-vizeSavAda 10. niyamavidhiH vaktavya-avaktavyavAda 11. niyamobhayam kSaNikavAda 12. niyama niyamaH zUnyavAda/vijJAnavAda isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki pratyeka 'ara (adhyAya) kisI dArzanika matavAda ko prastutIkaraNa karatA hai, phira dUsare ara ke Adi meM usa dArzanika mata kI samIkSA prastuta kI jAtI hai aura usake virodhI matavAda kara udbhAvana kA usakA vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra krama se eka darzana kI samIkSA ke AdhAra para dUsare darzana kI udbhAvanA karake samasta bhAratIya darzanoM ko eka cakra ke rUpa meM suniyojita evaM pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| isa saba meM jaina darzana kI bhUmikA ko eka taTastha draSTA ke rUpa meM rakhA gayA hai| usameM nityavAda kA khaMDana anityavAda se aura anityavAda kA khaMDana nityavAda se karavA kara yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki una mAnyatAoM meM kyA kamiyAM haiN| kintu nayacakra kI yaha bhI vizeSatA hai ki vaha mAtra eka pakSa kA khaMDana hI dUsare pakSa se nahIM karavAtA hai apitu pUrva pakSa meM jo guNa hai use svIkAra bhI karatA hai| vibhinna jainetara darzanoM ko hI naya mAna kara isa grantha kI racanA huI hai| isa grantha ke vaiziSTaya ke sambandha meM paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kA kathana hai ki grantha meM jainetara mantavya jo
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________________ zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 1982 loka meM pracalita the unhIM ko naya mAnakara unakA saMgraha vividha naya ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai aura yaha siddha kiyA gayA hai ki jaina darzana kisa prakAra sarvanayamaya hai| prastuta adhyayana meM hamane nayacaka meM upasthita vibhinna dArzanika matavAdoM ko dArzanika samasyAoM ke AdhAra para Adhunika dRSTi se prastuta kiyA hai aura bhAratIya darzana kI pramukha samasyAoM ke saMdarbha meM hI grantha kA adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| zodha-prabandha ke prathama adhyAya meM jainadArzanika paramparA ke vikAsa kA itihAsa dete hue usameM prastuta grantha aura granthakAra kA kyA sthAna hai ise spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI sAtha isameM mallavAdI ke jIvana, samaya Adi para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai aura adhyAya ke aMta meM grantha kI viSaya vastu ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ____isa zodha-prabandha kA dUsarA adhyAya buddhivAda aura anubhavavAda kI samasyA se sambandhita hai| A. mallavAdI kA yaha vaiziSTaya hai ki unhoMne prathama ara meM Anubhavika AdhAroM para sthita dArzanika matoM, jinheM paramparAgata rUpa meM ajJAnavAdI kahA jAtA hai, kA prastutIkaraNa kiyA hai aura phira dUsare ara se tarka buddhi ke AdhAra para una anubhavavAdI mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA prastuta kI hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha kA tRtIya adhyAya sRSTi ke kAraNa kI samasyA se sambandhita hai| isa adhyAya meM A. mallavAdI ke dvArA prastuta apane yuga kI jagat vaicitrya ke kAraNa saMbaMdhI vAdoM yathA -- kAla, svabhAva, niyati, bhAva (cetanA), yadRcchA, karma Adi kA prastutIkaraNa aura usakI samIkSA prastuta kI gaI hai| caturtha adhyAya mukhyarUpa se nyAyadarzana kI Izvara sambandhI avadhAraNA ke prastutIkaraNa ke / sAtha-sAtha usakI samIkSA ke rUpa meM Izvara ke sRSTi-kartRtva kI samAlocanA prastuta karatA hai| zodha-prabandha kA paMcama adhyAya sata ke svarUpa kI samasyA se sambandhita hai| usameM mukhya rUpa se nityavAda, anityavAda aura nityAnityavAda kI sat sambandhI avadhAraNAoM kA prastutIkaraNa evaM samIkSA kI gaI hai| sAtha hI isameM paramasattA ke cit-acit tathA eka-aneka hone ke prazna ko bhI uThAyA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki mallavAdI jahAM eka ora sat sambandhI vibhinna avadhAraNAoM ko prastuta karate haiM vahIM dUsarI ora usakI samIkSA karate hue unake doSoM ko bhI spaSTa kara dete haiN| zodha-prabandha kA SaSTham adhyAya dravya, guNa, paryAya aura usake pArasparika sambandha tathA svarUpa kI samasyA ko prastuta karatA hai| isa adhyAya kA vivecya bindu dravya, guNa aura paryAya kI pArasparika bhinnatA aura abhinnatA ko lekara hai| hamaneM isa prabandha ke saptama adhyAya meM kriyAvAda aura akriyAvAda ko tathA aSTam adhyAya meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa ke sambandha meM mallavAdI ke dvArA prastuta avadhAraNAoM ko aura unakI samIkSA kA prastuta kiyA hai| For Private & Personal use Only
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________________ jitendra bI. zAha navam adhyAya mukhya rUpa se AtmA ke astitva aura usake svarUpa kI samasyA se sambandhita hai / isa adhyAya meM bhAratIya darzana kI AtmA sambandhI vibhinna avadhAraNAoM ke siMhAvalokana ke sAtha-sAtha unakI samIkSA bhI prastuta kI gaI hai| 63 dasaveM adhyAya meM mallavAdI dvArA prastuta zabda aura artha ke pArasparika sambandha aura isa sambandha meM usa yuga ke vibhinna matavAdoM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| gyArahavAM adhyAya zabda kI vAcyatA sAmarthya yA vaktavyatA aura avaktavyatA kI carcA karatA hai| sattA kI nirvacanIyatA aura anirvacanIyatA sambandhI vibhinna mata aura unakI samIkSA hI isa adhyAya kA vivecya bindu hai / bradaza adhyAya meM jainoM kI naya vargIkaraNa kI zailI kI vivecanA ke sAtha-sAtha yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki nayacakra meM kisa prakAra paramparAgata zailI kA parityAga karake naI zailI kI udbhAvanA kI gaI hai| zodha-prabandha ke anta meM upasaMhAra ke rUpa meM grantha meM prastuta vibhinna dArzanika samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM nayacakra ke avadAna ko sthApita kiyA gayA hai 1 isa prakAra isa zodha prabandha meM hamane bhAratIya darzana kI vibhinna dArzanika avadhAraNAoM kA mallavAdI ke dvAdazAra nayacakra ke pariprekSya meM eka mUlyAMkana kiyA hai| isa zodha-prabandha meM hamane kevala unhIM samasyAoM para vicAra kiyA hai, jo mallavAdI ke yuga meM arthAt pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM upalabdha thiiN| yaha sambhava hai ki paravartI kucha dArzanika samasyAoM ko isameM sthAna na milA ho, kintu isakA kAraNa zodha viSaya kI apanI sImA hai / isa prastutIkaraNa pUrva saMgoSThI ke anta meM yaha kahanA cAhU~gA ki isa zodha kArya ke pIche bhAratIya darzana ke isa amUlya grantha, jo muni jambUvijaya jI ke athaka parizrama se punaH saMrakSita ho sakA hai, kI ora vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa ho, yahI eka mAtra apekSA rahI hai, kyoMki prastuta adhyayana to sampUrNa bhAratIya darzana ke pratinidhi rUpa isa mahAgrantha meM kevala eka caMcupAta hI hai| AzA hai ki bhaviSya meM zodha adhyetA aura vidvAna isa grantha ko apane adhyayana kA viSaya banAkara usake vibhinna pakSoM ko udghATita kareMgeM / zodha-krAna pArzvanAtha zodhapITha vArANasI-5.
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________________ jaina karmasiddhAnta aura manovijJAna (zodhaprabandha saMkSepikA) , prastuta zodha-prabandha ke adhyayana kA viSaya jaina karmasiddhAnta aura manovijJAna hai / yaha prabandha ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| lAghava kI dRSTi se prastuta zodha-prabandha kI viSaya-sAmagrI kA sArAMza prastuta hai : ; - prathama adhyAya meM bhAratIya darzana meM karmasiddhAnta para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| vaidika, bauddha tathA jaina darzanoM ke karma siddhAntoM kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| ratna lAla jaina bhAratavarSa prAcIna kAla se AdhyAtmikatA kI krIr3AsthalI rahA hai| bhAratIya jana-jIvana meM karma zabda bAlaka, yuvaka aura vRddha sabhI kI jabAna para car3hA huA hai| bhArata kI isa puNya bhUmi para hI vedAnta, sAMkhya, yoga, nyAya, mImAMsaka, vaizeSika, bauddha, jaina Adi darzanoM kA AvirbhAva huA / adhyAtma kI vyAkhyA karma siddhAnta ke binA nahIM kI jA sakatI / isalie yaha eka mahAn siddhAnta hai| jaina darzana meM 'karma' zabda jisa artha meM prayukta huA hai, usI artha meM yA usase milate-julate artha meM anya darzanoM meM bhI isake lie aneka zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jaise-- mAyA, avidyA, prakRti, apUrva, adRSTa, vAsanA, karmAzaya, saMskAra, daiva, bhAgya aadi-aadi| vedAnta darzana meM mAyA, avidyA tathA prakRti zabda kA prayoga huA hai / apUrva zabda mImAMsA darzana meM prayukta huA hai| dharmAdharma aura adRSTa nyAya aura vaizeSika darzanoM meM pracalita hai 1 karmAzaya zabda yoga aura sAMkhya darzana meM upalabdha hai| vAsanA zabda bauddha darzana meM pracalita hai| ---- -- bhAratIya darzanoM meM jaisA karma vaisA phala - siddhAnta kI mAnyatA hai / mahAbhArata meM kahA gayA hai. 'jisa prakAra gAya kA bachar3A hajAroM gauoM meM apanI mAM ko DhUr3ha letA hai aura usakA anusaraNa karatA hai, usI prakAra pUrva kRta karma usake kartA kA anusaraNa karate haiM tathA dUsarI yoni meM apane kiye hue karma parachAI ke samAna sAtha-sAtha calate haiM / bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai 'jo jaisA bIja botA hai, vaha vaisA hI phala pAtA hai|' bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai kiyA huA karma sadA apane kartA kA anugamana karatA hai| acche karmoM ke acche phala aura bure karmoM ke bure phala hote haiN| - --
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________________ 66 -- bhAratIya darzana meM karma kI vicitra gati ke siddhAnta kI mAnyatA hai / manusmRti meM khaa| hai " mana, vacana aura zarIra ke zubha yA azubha karmaphala ke kAraNa manuSya kI uttama, madhyama va adhama gati hotI hai / " viSNupurANa meM kahA gayA hai 'he rAjan ! yaha AtmA na to deva hai, hai aura na pazu hai, na hI vRkSa manuSya ye bheda to karma janya zarIra rupI kRtiyoM kA hai| bauha darzana AcArya nAgasena ne milinda - prazna meM batAyA hai rAjan ! jIvoM kI vividhatA ke kAraNa bhI unakA apanA karma hI hotA hai| sabhI jIva apane-apane karmoM ke phala bhogate haiN| jIva apane karmoM ke anusAra nAnA gatiyoM aura yoniyoM meM utpanna hote haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra kahA hai gautama ! saMsAra ke jIvoM ke karma-bIja bhinna-bhinna hone ke kAraNa unakI avas yA sthiti meM bheda hai| yaha akarma ke kAraNa nahI / karmarUpI bIja ke kAraNa hI saMsArI jIvo aneka upAdhiyA~, vibhinna avasthAeM dikhAyI detI haiN| karma kI isa vicitratA kI manovaijJAni siddhAnta 'bhinnatA kA niyama' (Law of Variation) se tulanA kI gaI hai| vaMzAnukramIya (Heredity traits) ke vAhaka bIjakoSa (Carn Plasm ) huA karate haiN| ye bIja ane rezoM se bane hote haiM / ina rezoM ko aMgrejI meM kromojomsa (cromosomes ) kahate haiN| -- -- zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, -- eka bIja - koSa meM aneka vaMzasUtra pAye jAte haiN| ina vaMzasUtroM ke aura bhI aneka sUkSma bhAga hote haiM, jinheM aMgrejI meM jInsa kahate haiN| vAstava meM ye jInsa hI vibhinna guNa-doSoM ke vAhana hote haiN| jIva vijJAna ke anusAra pratyeka bhrUNa-koSa meM 23 pitA ke tathA 23 mAtA ke vaMzasye kA samAgama hotA hai| vaijJAnikoM kA anumAna hai ki inake saMyoga se 16, 77 evaM 216 prakAra kI vibhinna saMbhAvanAeM apekSita haiN| abhI taka vijJAna kevala jInsa taka hI pahuMca paayaa| jIna isa sthUla zarIra kA hI ghaTaka hai kintu karma sUkSma zarIra hai, vaha sUkSma hai| isase sUkSma karmazarIra, vaha sUkSmatama hai| isake eka-eka skandha para ananta - ananta lipiyAM likhI huI haiN| hamAre puruSArtha kA, acchAiyoM evaM burAiyoM kA nyUnatAoM aura vizeSatAoM kA sAtha lekhA-jokhA aura sArI pratikriyAeM karmazarIra meM aMkita haiN| vahAM jaise spandana Ane laga jAte haiM, AdamI vaisA hI vyavahAra karane laga jAtA hai| mahAprajJa jI likhate haiM ki eka dina yaha taba bhI prakAza meM A jAyegA ki jIna kevala mAtA-pitA ke guNoM yA saMskAroM kA hI saMvahana nahIM karate, kintu ye hamAre kie hue karmoM kA bhI pratinidhitva karate haiN| ataH uparyukta vivecana kA niSkarSa hai ki aba jInsa banAma karma zodha kA eka mahattvapUrNa viSaya hai / dvitIya adhyayana meM jaina karmasiddhAnta kI vizeSatAoM kA adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| jIva va pudgala kA anAdi sambandha hai| jIva jItA hai - prANa dhAraNa karatA hai, ataH jIva hai| jIva sAmAnya karmayukta AtmA se karmamukta - AtmA arthAt paramAtmA kaise bana sakatA hai| sArvayaunikatA ke siddhAnta ke antargata 84 lAkha yoni ke jIvoM meM se kisI bhI yoni kA jIva kisI bhI anya yoni meM jAkara utpanna ho sakatA hai 1 samasta dehadhAriyoM kI AtmA ke sAtha ananta kAla se pudgala - nirmita zarIra hai| kisI bhI zarIra meM jaba taka AtmA rahatI hai, tabhI taka vaha zarIra yA pudgala (karmavargaNA ke pudgala) kAma karatA hai|
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________________ ratna lAla jaina karmoM kI vividha prakRtiyoM ko jaina darzana meM mUla prakRti-ATha (jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vaidanIya, mohanIya, nAma, gotra, Ayu aura antarAya) aura uttara 148 prakRtiyoM meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai / anya darzana yaha mAnate haiM ki karma saMskAra rUpa hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra zarIra paudgalika hai, usakA kAraNa karma hai| ataH karma bhI paudgalika hai| bhAva karma aura dravya karma meM bar3A antara hai| karma ke caittasikapakSa ko bhAva karma yA mala kahate haiM aura karma pudgaloM ko dravya karma yA raja kahA jAtA hai| bhAva karma se dravya karma kA saMgraha hotA hai aura dravya karmoM se bhAva karmoM kI tIvratA nirdhArita hotI hai| prakRti saMkramaNa kA siddhAnta jaina karmavAda kI pramukha vizeSatA hai| jaise vanaspati vijJAna vizeSajJa khaTTe phaloM ko mIThe phaloM meM tathA nimna jAti ke bIjoM ko unnata jAti ke bIjoM meM parivartita kara dete haiM, vaisa hI pApa ke baddha karma paramANu kAlAntara meM tapa Adi ke dvArA puNya ke paramANu ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAte haiN| karma mukta hokara jIva AtmA se paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| 11 tRtIya adhyAya meM maine karma-bandha ke kAraNoM kA adhyayana kiyA hai| jIva aura karma ke saMzleSa ko bandha kahate haiN| jIva apanI vRttiyoM se karma yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karatA hai| ina grahaNa kiye hue karma - pudgala aura jIva- pradezoM kA bandhana yA saMyoga bandha hai / jisa caitanya pariNAma se karma ba~dhatA hai, vaha bhAva bandha hai aura AtmA ke pradezoM kA karma pradezoM ke sAtha anyonya praveza eka-dUsare meM mila jAnA eka kSetrAvagAhI ho jAnA dravya bandha hai / karma Ane kA dvAra hai, Asava / karmabandha kA mukhya kAraNa hai kaSAya / AgamoM meM karmabandha ke do hetu haiM, 1- rAga aura dveSa / rAga se mAyA aura lobha tathA dveSa se krodha aura mAna utpanna hote haiN| I karmabandha ke cAra kAraNa haiM 1. mithyAtva 2. avirati 3. yoga aura 4. kaSAya / ThANAMga, samavAyAMga meM pAMca kAraNa batAye gaye haiM 1. mithyAtva 2. avirati 3. pramAda 4. kaSAya aura 5. yoga / vAcaka umAsvAti ke mata meM 42 karmabandha ke kAraNa (Asrava) hai 1 se 5 indriyAM, 6-9 cAra kaSAya 10-14 pAMca avrata, 15-38 paccIsa kriyAeM 39-42 tIna yoga / 67 -- -- 1 -- Asava ke cAra bheda haiM 1. prakRti 2. sthiti 3. anubhAga aura 4. pradeza | yoga Asrava prakRti bandha aura pradeza bandha kA hetu hai tathA kaSAya Asrava sthiti bandha aura anubhAga bandhakA hetu hai| ---- caturtha adhyAya meM maiMne karmoM kI avasthAoM kA adhyayana kiyA hai jaina darzana karma ko svatantra tatva mAnatA hai / karmasiddhAnta kI vizAlatA ke rUpa meM dasa avasthAoM-karaNoM kI avadhAraNA kI gaI hai| karma ananta paramANuoM ke skandha haiM, ve samUce loka meM jIvAtmA kI acchI-burI pravRttiyoM ke dvArA usake sAtha bandha jAte haiN|
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________________ zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 1882 ba~dhane ke bAda usakA paripAka hotA hai, vaha sattA avasthA hai| paripAka ke pazcAt unake sukha duHkha rUpa phala milate haiN| vaha udayamAna (udaya) avasthA hai| vaidika darzanoM meM kriyamANa, saMcita aura prArabdha kramazaH bandha, sattA aura udaya samAnArthaka haiN| karma kA zIdhra phala milanA udIraNA hai| karma kI sthiti aura vipAka meM vRddhi honA udavartanA hai| karma kI sthiti aura vipAka meM kamI honA, aparvatanA hai| karma kI sajAtIya prakRtiyoM kA eka dUsare ke rUpa meM badalanA saMkramaNa hai| Adhunika manovijJAna kI bhASA meM karmasiddhAnta meM prApita saMkramaNa ko mArgAntIkaraNa yA udAttIkaraNa kahA gayA hai| mArgAntIkaraNa yA rUpAntaraNa kA artha hai : kisI pravRtti yA kriyA kA rAstA badala denaa| karmoM kI sarvathA anudaya avasthA ko upazama kahate haiN| upazama kevala mohanIya karma kA hotA hai| agni meM tapAkara nikAlI huI lohe kI suiyoM ke sambandha ke samAna pUrvabaddha karmoM kA mila jAnA nidhatti hai| nikAcita bandha hone ke bAda karmoM ko bhoganA hI par3atA hai| isameM udIraNA, udavartanA, aparvatanA Adi nahIM hote| Arhata darzana dIpikA meM nikAcita dazA meM bhI parivartana honA batAyA gayA hai -- savva pagaI evaM pariNAma vasAdeva kamI hojjA pApa nikAyANaM tavasAo nikAiyANaM vi| karoDoM bhavoM ke saMcita karma tapa ke dvArA nijIrNa ho jAte haiN| mana-vacana-kAyA kI za pravRtti se AtmA ke sAtha jur3e karma jhar3ate haiM aura AtmA kucha aMzoM meM ujajvala hotI hai, vaha nirjarA hai| karma jhar3ane kA hetu hone se tapa ko bhI nirjarA kahate haiN| 'bhava koDI saMcIyakama tavasA nijjrijji|' ataH chaH prakAra kI Antarika tathA chaH prakAra kI bAharI nirjarA kA isameM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| karmoM kI nirjarA ke kramika vikAsa kI sIr3hiyoM para car3hane kI kriyA kA nAma guNasthAna hai| isakA bhI isameM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ___paMcama adhyAya meM maine jJAnamImAMsA kA Adhunika manovijJAna ke pariprekSya meM adhyayana prastata kiyA hai| jainAgamoM ke anusAra -- jIva jJAna-jala kA pAna kara mukti-mandira ko prApta hote haiN| jo jAnatA hai, vaha jJAna hai, jisake dvArA jAnA jAe, so jJAna hai, jAnanA mAtra jJAna hai| jJAna do prakAra kA hai -- 1. pratyakSa aura 2. prokss| mati aura zruta jJAna parokSa hai| avadhi, manaHparyAya aura kevala jJAna pratyakSa haiM / indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hone vAle bodha ko mati jJAna kahate haiN| matijJAna ke do bheda haiM -- 1. zruta nizrita aura 2. azrutanizritA azrutanizrita meM cAra prakAra kI buddhiyoM kA vivecana hai -- 1. autpAtikI, 2. vainayikI, 3. kArmikI aura 4. paarinnaamikii| matijJAna cAra prakAra kA hai -- 1. avagraha, 2. IhA 3. avAya aura 4. dhaarnnaa| mati, smRti, saMjJA, (pratyamijJAna) cintA aura abhinibodha ye paryAyavAcI nAma haiN| manovijJAna kI smRti (Memory ) aura jaina darzana ke matijJAna meM bahuta aMzoM meM sAmya hai| manovijJAna ke smRti ke aMgoM (Factors of Memory) -- 1. yAda karanA (Remember to Jain Education Interfational
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________________ ratna lAla jaina 2. dhAraNA (Retention ) 3. punarmaraNa (Recall) tathA 4 pahacAna (Recognition) kI tulanA matijJAna ke bhedoM 1. avagraha 2. IhA 3. avAya aura 4. dhAraNA se kI jA sakatI hai| avadhijJAna ko parAmanovijJAna kI bhASA meM TelIpaithI (Telepathy ) se upamita kiyA jA sakatA hai| manaH paryAya jJAna kI atIndriya jJAna (Extra-sensory perception ) se tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| kevalajJAna kI avadhAraNA jaina darzana meM manovijJAna ke kSetra se bhI atIta hai, anupama hai| SaSThama adhyAya meM maine bhAva - jagat kA Adhunika manovijJAna ke pariprekSya meM adhyayana kiyA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai rAgo ya doso va ya kammabIyaM 69 -- rAga aura dveSa, ye donoM karma ke bIja haiN| karma moha se utpanna hotA hai / karma janma-maraNa kA mUla hai| janma-maraNa se duHkha hotA hai| yahAM bhAva-jagat arthAta mohakarma - (rAga aura dveSa ) kA manovaujJAnika adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| prItyAtmaka anubhUti yA saMvedanA ko rAga kahate haiM aura aprItyAtmaka anubhUti yA saMvedanA ko dveSa kahate haiN| vAcakavarya umAsvAti ke anusAra icchA, mUrcchA, kAma, sneha, gRddhatA, mamatA, abhinandana, prasannatA aura abhilASA rAga ke paryAyavAcI haiN| dUsarI ora IrSyA, roSa, doSa, dveSa, parivAda, matsara, asUyA, vaira, pracaMDana Adi dveSa ke paryAyavAcI haiN| -- prasiddha manovaijJAnika rAbarTa esa. vuDavartha Robert s. wood worth ne apanI racanA Psychology A Study of Mental Life, Feeling and Emotion (p. 334 ) meM sukha (rAga) aura duHkha (dveSa) Adi bhAvoM kA isI prakAra kA vargIkaraNa kiyA hai| -- Pleasure : Happiness, joy, delight, elation, rapture. Displeasure : Discontent, grief, sadness, sorrow, rejection. ina paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke jaina darzana aura manovijJAna ke rAga-dveSa ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM bar3A bhArI sAmya hai | dhavalA meM batAyA gayA haiM ki moha karma ke antargata mAyA, lobha, strIveda, puruSaveda, napuMsakaveda, hAsya aura rati inakA nAma rAga hai| isake viparIta krodha, mAna, arati, zoka, bhaya aura jugupsA ye chaH kaSAya dveSa rUpa haiN| maikDUgala kI 14 mUla pravRttiyoM tathA mohakarma kI prakRtiyoM meM bar3I bhArI samAnatA hai| manovijJAna kI cAra paddhatiyoM 1. avadamana (Repression ), vilayana (Inhibition ), mArgAntarIkaraNa (Redirection) tathA zodhana (Sublimation) dvArA ina vRttiyoM (mohanIya - prakRtiyoM) kA rUpAntaraNa saMbhava hai| saptama adhyAya meM zarIra - saMracanA para Adhunika zarIra-vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM maineM zodha kArya kiyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai AyuSmAn ! isa saMsAra rUpI sAgara ke dUsare pAra jAne ke lie yaha zarIra naukA hai jisameM baiThakara AtmArUpI nAvika samudra pAra karatA hai; jo utpatti ke samaya se lekara pratikSaNa jIrNa-zIrNa hotA rahatA hai| jisake dvArA bhautika ----
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________________ zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 16 sukha-duHkha kA anubhava hotA rahatA hai, jo zarIra nAmakaraNa ke udaya se utpanna hotA hai, use zarIra kahate haiN| zarIra pAMca prakAra ke haiM-- 1. audArika 2. vaikriya 3. AhAraka 4. taijasa aura 5. kaarmnn| zarIra saMsthAna chaH haiM -- 1. samacaturasa, 2. nyogadha-parimaMDala, 3. sAdi (svAti), 4. kubja, 5. vAmana aura 6. huNddk| prasiddha manovaijJAnika zailDana ke adhyayana ke anusAra zarIroM kA vargIkaraNa tIna prakAra kA hai -- 1. komala-golAkAra (Endomorphict 2. AyatAkAra (Mesomorphic) tathA lambAkAra (Ectomorphic) / kecanara (Kretchner ) ke anusAra zArIrika vargIkaraNa isa prakAra hai -- 1. suDaulakAya (Athletic) 2. lambakAya (Asthenic) 3. golakAya (Pyknic) tathA 4. DAyasaplAsTika (Dysplastic) / saMhanana nAma karma ke antargata haDDiyoM kA vargIkaraNa zarIra manovaijJAnikoM ke saMdhiyoM ke bheda (Kinds of Joints) -- 1. sUtra saMndhi (Fibrous Joints) 2. upAsthi (Cartilaginous Joints ) 3. snehaka sandhi (Synoyial Joints) Adi se tulanIya hai| paryApti nAmakarma ke antargata -- 1. AhAra 2. zarIra 3. indriya 4. zvAsocchvAsa, 5. bhASA aura 6. manaH paryApti kI tulanA Adhunika Ayurveda evaM zarIra vijJAna meM garbha vijJAna ke sAtha vistAra se kI jA sakatI hai| aSTama adhyAya meM upasaMhAra ke antargata bhAratIya darzana meM karma-siddhAnta ke antargata karma-bandhana ke kAraNoM kI vivecanA kI gaI hai tathA vistAra se karmoM ke viSaya meM jJAna-prApti ke lie karmoM kI avasthAoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| jJAna-mImAMsA, bhAva jagat tathA zarIra saMracanA kA manovijJAna aura zarIra vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM isa prakAra se adhyayana prastuta kiyA yA hai ki samyak-jJAna, samyak-darzana aura samyak-cAritra ke manana pUrvaka adhyayana aura abhyAsa se tathA saMkramaNakaraNa kI prakriyA ke dvarA vyaktitva kA spAntaraNa karate hue Atma vikAsa ke parama-patha para agrasara huA jA sakatA hai| yahI jIvana kA carama uddezya hai| - ratnalAla jaina, galI AryasamAja, hAMsI (hariyANA) - 125033.
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________________ pustaka samIkSA kaTalAga Apha da mainuskipTa Apha pATana jaina bhaMDAra" bhAga 1,2,3,4 saMkalana sva. muni puNya vijaya jI, sampAdaka muni zrI jambUvijaya jI / AkAra - DabalaDimAI aThapejI / pRSThasaMkhyA 402 + 222 +547 + 307 = 1475 / kapar3e kI pakkI jilda, prakAzaka zAradA , cimanabhAI, ejukezanala risarca senTara, 'darzana' zAhIbAga, ahamadAbAda- 4, sampUrNaseTa kA mUlya : 1600/ 11 prastuta kRti cAra bhAgoM meM aura tIna jildoM meM prakAzita hai| prathama jilda meM bhAga va 2 dvitIya jilda meM bhAga 3 evaM tRtIya jilda meM bhAga 4 mudrita hai| prathama jilda ke bhAga 1 va 2 meM baTana ke hemacandrAcArya jaina jJAnamaMdira kI 20035 hastapratoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| isake prabhAga meM yaha vivaraNa bhaMDAra ke granthoM kI sUcI kramAMka ke AdhAra para diyA gayA hai| sAtha hI sAtha ina donoM bhAgoM meM pratyeka graMtha kI patra saMkhyA, bhASA, racanAkAla, lekhanakAla evaM lekhaka kA nAma Adi kA ullekha bhI hai| prathamabhAga kA prakAzana pUrva meM ho cukA hai, isalie isa bhAga meM kRti ke granthAgra, racanAkAla, lekhanakAla, sthiti, sAija Adi kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| prathamabhAga meM kramAMka 1 se 14786 taka kI kRtiyoM ke vivaraNa hai| isake dvitIya bhAga meM 14790 se lekara 20035 taka ke granthoM kA ullekha hai| isameM bhI kramAMka 19767 taka patra saMkhyA, bhASA, karttA, yAMga, racanAkAla, lekhanakAla Adi kA vivaraNa hai, kintu 19768 se lekara 20035 taka mAtra | saMkhyA dI gaI hai| yadi ina kRtiyoM kA bhI sampUrNa vivaraNa hotA to adhika ucita hotA / prakAzana saMsthA kina kAraNoM se yaha vivaraNa dene meM asamartha rahI hai, yaha hama nahIM jAnate haiN| avazya hI usakI koI kaThinAI rahI hogI / dvitIya jilda ke tRtIya bhAga meM ina samagra 20035 kRtiyoM kA akArAdi krama se saMyojana yA gayA hai| isase pAThakoM ko yaha sahaja rUpa se jJAta ho jAtA hai ki kisa kRti kI kitanI stapratiyA~ isa bhaMDAra meM upalabdha hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM aMgacUliyA kI 7 pratiyAM, antakRtadazA kI 11 pratiyAM aura Avazyaka niyukti kI 17 pratiyA~ isa bhaMDAra meM upalabdha hai| Apa isameM kahIM-kahIM lekhanagata bhinnatA ke kAraNa eka hI nAmavAlI kRtiyoM kA do-do sthAnoM bhI ullekha huA hai jaise aMgacUlikA ke rUpa meM jahA~ do kRtiyoM kA ullekha hai vahIM cUliyA evaM aDgacUlikA ke rUpa meM 5 kRtiyoM kA ullekha hai| bhaviSya meM ina bhUloM kA rimArjana Avazyaka hai kyoMki yaha galatI kevala lekhanazailI kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa kampyUTara ke ho gaI hai| hai / tRtIya jilda ke caturtha bhAga meM pATana ke anya bhaMDAroM kI kRtiyoM kA bhI ullekha huA 3206 kRtiyoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isameM se bhI grantha nAma, karttA kA nAma,
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________________ 72 zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 18 patra saMkhyA, granthAna, racanA saMvat, lekhana saMvat, bhASA va grantha sthiti Adi kA citraNa hai| isave pazcAt isI khaNDa meM ina kRtiyoM kA akArAdi krama se vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| grantha ve anta meM saMghavIpADe ke tAr3apatrIya granthoM kI bhI sUcI prakAzita hai| isa prakAra tIna jildoM evaM cAra bhAgoM meM prakAzita yaha sampUrNa sUcI pATana ke grantha bhaNDAra meM upalabdha granthoM kA eka prAmANika vivaraNa prastuta karatI hai| jJAtavya hai ki prAcInatama hastapratoM kI dRSTi se yaha bhaNDAra advitIya hai| isa grantha ke prakAzana meM saMsthA me DAyarekTara jitendra bI. zAha ne jo zrama kiyA hai| vaha stutya hai| AzA hai bhaviSya meM bhI ve zodha kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa aisI kRtiyoM ke prakAza meM ruci legeN| mudraNa nirdoSa va sundara hai| zodhasaMsthAnoM va granthAlayoM ke lie pustaka aparihArya hai| anta meM punaH prakAzaka saMsthA evaM usake nidezaka ko dhanyavAda dete haiM, jinhone isa amUlba nidhi ko hameM upalabdha karAyA hai| jaina Agama sAhitya, saMpA. DaoN. ke. Ara. candra, prakA, prAkRta jaina vidyAvikAsa phaMDa, ahamadAbAda-380015, vitaraka- pArzva prakAzana. nizApola nAkA, javerIvADa, rilIpha roDa, ahamadAbAda, I.saM. 1992 DimAI- 16 pejI, mUlya- 100/ prastuta kRti meM gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya akTUbara, 1986 meM saMpanna jaina Agama sAhitya saMgoSThI meM paThita nibandhoM meM se cune hue nibandhoM kA prakAzana kiyA gayA hai| sabhI nibandha mukhyatayA Agama sAhitya se hI saMbaMdhita haiN| kula 30 nibandha prakAzita kiye gae haiN| prathama nibandha meM AcArya zrI tulasI ke AcArAMga ke dhyAna sAdhanA ke sUtroM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya nibandha pro. ema. e. DhAkI kA hai jo sUtrakRtAMga ke puNDarIka adhyayana kI prAcInatA para prakAza DAlatA hai| tRtIya lekha meM sthAnAMga meM 5 jJAnoM kI jo carcA hai usakA vivaraNa milatA hai| isake lekhaka zrI jitendra bI.zAha haiN| caturtha meM yuvAcArya mahAprajJa ne AgamoM meM varNita atIndriya jJAna ke cakroM tathA granthi-taMtra kA ullekha kiyA hai| kRti ke anya lekhoM meM DA. sAgara mala jaina kA praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcIna viSaya vastu kI khoja zodha kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| isI prakAra yazodharA bAdhavAnI kA aMgrejI lekha jo jaina AgamoM va pramukha upaniSadoM meM varNita mokSa mArga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta karatA hai, atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| prAkRta bhASA kI dRSTi se pro. bhAyAnI kA taM zruti vAlA lekha bhI mahatvapUrNa kahA jA sakatA hai| anya lekhoM meM kucha Agama sAhitya ke vibhinna granthoM kI viSaya-vastu kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta karate haiM to kucha jaina AgamoM kI viSaya-vastu kI upaniSad, manusmRti, dhammapada, mahAbhArata Adi se tulanA karate haiN| saMkSepa meM sabhI lekha mahattvapUrNa haiN| grantha kA mudraNa sAmAnya hai, kintu usameM pratipAdita viSayavastu For Private & Wersonal Use Only
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________________ pustaka samIkSA ke mahattva se iMkAra nahI kiyA jA sktaa| grantha zodha adhyeyatAoM ke lie paThanIya va saMgrahaNIya hai / madhyakAlIna bhAratIya mUrtikalA, DA. mArutinandana tivArI tathA DA. kamalagiri : vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, vArANasI 1991, pRSTha 206, citra 80, mUlya rU. 150 ) aitihAsika dRSTi se maurya evaM zuMgakAla bhAratIya mUrtikalA kI zaizavAvasthA, kuSANa kAla usakI kizorAvasthA tathA guptakAla yuvAvasthA kA pratinidhitva karate haiM / guptottara kAla meM kalA kI mUla dhArA meM AMcalika tatvoM kA samAveza hotA hai aura dhIre-dhIre kSetrIya vizeSatAeM ubhara kara sAmane Ane lagatI haiN| ye parivartana kevala mUrtikalA meM hI nahIM apitu sthApatya, kAvya, nATaka aura saMgIta prabhRti kalA kI vibhinna vidhAoM meM tathA bhASA aura lipi meM bhI dRSTigocara hote haiM / 73 guptakAla bhAratIya saMskRti kA svarNayuga thA aura gAtra- yaSTi kI golAI aura lacIlApana, sajIvatA, mRdutA tathA rUpa aura bhAva kA sAmaMjasya guptakAlIna mUrti kalA ke abhinna aMga the / gupta - kalA kI paramparA itanI sazakta thI ki bhArata ke kucha pradezoM meM 6vIM se 8vIM zatI taka aura kahIM-kahIM aura bhI bAda taka usakI garimA kA prabhutva banA rahA, para ina kSetrIya kalAoM meM bhI AMcalika vibheda spaSTa haiM / sAmAnyatayA guptottara kAla meM kalA kA hAsa prArambha ho jAtA hai| dhIre-dhIre gAtra- yaSTi meM jakar3AhaTa aura zithilatA Ane lagatI hai aura sajIvatA kA sthAna bhaMgimAe~ le letI haiM tathA bhAva pravaNatA ke badale pratimAzAstrIya vidhi-vidhAna evaM lakSaNoM kA varcasva ho jAtA hai / sAtavIM zatI ke bAda uttara bhArata choTe-moTe aneka rAjyoM meM ba~Ta gayA aura dakSiNa bhArata to pahale se hI vibhinna pradezoM meM vibhakta thaa| ina sabhI rAjyoM aura pradezoM kI nijI sAMskRtika virAsata aura nijI bhASA, sAhitya evaM kalA-paddhati thI aura ye prAyaH saMgharSarata rahate the| eka ora ye rAjya sandhi aura vigraha dvArA Apasa meM jur3ate aura TakarAte rahate the, to dUsarI ora mandira nirmANa evaM mandiroM ko adhika se adhika alaMkRta karane kI inameM hor3a bhI calatI rahatI thI / astu, pratyeka kSetrIya kalA zailI kA apanA vyaktitva aura apanI vizeSatAeM thIM, jinakA isa pustaka meM sUkSma vizleSaNa evaM sarvAMgINa adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| DA. tivArI bhAratIya kalA ke aneka kSetroM ke aura vizeSataH jaina pratimA- zAstra ke jAne-mAne vizeSajJa haiM aura DA. giri ne bhI 'bhAratIya zrRMgAra' nAmaka pustaka tathA apane zodha-prabandhoM dvArA kalA ke kSetra meM apanA sthAna banA liyA hai| vidvAn aura viduSI lekhakadvaya ne mUrtikalA viSayaka upalabdha sAhitya kA gahana anuzIlana tathA saMgrahAlayoM evaM aneka kalAkendroM meM nirIkSaNa kara yaha prAmANika grantha likhA hai / aMgrejI bhASA meM bhI madhyakAlIna mUrtikalA kI sabhI zailiyoM para eka grantha aprApya hai| isa prakAra kI sAmagrI aneka pustakoM aura zodha prabandhoM meM bikharI huI hai| madhyakAlIna sabhI zilpa- zailiyoM kA hindI ke eka grantha meM sAMgopAMga ke bhagIratha parizrama evaM sAhasa kA phala hai| "
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________________ zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 1982 prathama adhyAya meM madhyakAlIna rAjanIti tathA saMskRti kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa kiya gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM madhyakalIna zilpa ke sAmAnya tatvoM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| tRtIya adhyAya sabase bar3A hai aura isameM vibhinna kSetrIya kalA-zailiyoM kA vizada vivecana kiyA gayA hai| katipaya guptottara kAlIna kendroM tathA kSetrIya zilpa-zailiyoM meM, yathA uttara bhArata kI pratihAra evaM pUrva pAla kalAoM meM, mahArASTra ke elorA aura dhArapurI (elIphainTA) kendroM meM, tathA dakSiNa bhArata kI cAlukya evaM pallava zailiyoM meM kalA ke udAtta tattva akSuNNa bane rahe, yadyapi pratyeka vidhA kI apanI vizeSatA bhI kAyama rhii| pUrva pAla kalA meM gupta kalA kI jhalaka spaSTa hai aura mukhAkRtiyAM saumya haiN| elorA aura usase bhI adhika dhArapurI kI mUrtiyAM adhikatara vizAlakAya evaM alaukika garimA se maNDita haiN| pallava zailI veMgI kalA kI dAyAda putrI haiM tathA isakI AkRtiyAM charaharI aura layAtmakatA meM bejor3a haiN| cola kalA meM pallava kalA kI taralatA tathA elorA kI bhavyatA kA anokhA saMgama hai jo pASANa tathA kAMsya mUrtiyoM meM samAna rUpa se dekhA jA sakatA hai| para madhyakAlIna anya kSetrIya zailiyoM meM kalA UMce stara se girane lagatI hai aura kRtrimatA tathA zithilatA kA zikAra ho jAtI hai, jo dakSiNa kI hoyasala zailI meM pUrva kI sena kalA meM tathA rAjasthAna meM AbU (delavAr3A) ke zilpa meM sApha najara AtA hai| pratimAzAstrIya lakSaNoM ke ulajhana meM pha~sa kara kalA aba rIti-pradhAna ho jAtI hai| gatizIlatA bhaMgimAoM meM badala jAtI hai| aMgayaSTi alaMkAra-bAhulya se bojhila ho jAtI hai tathA kalA kA tarala pravAha zithila par3a jAtA hai| pratyeka madhyakAlIna kSetrIya kalA ke udgama aura vikAsa kA apanA itihAsa hai| isa grantha meM una sabhI ke takanIka, viSaya-vastu tathA viziSTa tatvoM kA citroM aura udAharaNoM ke sahAre vizleSaNa evaM adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| pustaka kI bhASA rocaka aura supAThya hai| hindI meM kalA-viSayaka pustakoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa lekhakadvaya ne pAribhASika zabdAvalI ke cayana meM kAphI parizrama aura sUjha-bUjha se kAma liyA hai| phira bhI isameM kahIM-kahIM kucha kasara raha gaI hai, yathA 'sthiratA eka guNa hai para isakA prayoga gatihInatA (doSa) ke badale huA haiN| zrRMgArAtmakatA ke sthAna para 'aindrakatA kA prayoga bhI anupayukta hai| para ye choTe doSa pustaka ke mahattva ko kahIM bhI prabhAvita nahIM karate haiN| isa viSaya kA hindI kA yaha ekamAtra grantha hai aura vizvavidyAlayoM kI ucca kakSAoM ke vidyArthiyoM tathA zodha chAtroM ke liye upayogI hone ke sAtha hI sAmAnya pAThakoM aura bhArata kalA ke jijJAsuoM ke lie bhI upAdeya evaM jJAna-vardhaka hai| graMtharatna ke lie lekhakavya tathA prakAzaka donoM badhAI ke pAtra haiN| - pro. kRSNadeva, 150e, ravIndrapurI, nyU kAlonI, vArANasI-221003 Jain Educadon International For Private &Personal Use Only
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________________ pustaka samIkSA apabhraMza kAvya saurabha, DaoN. kamalacanda sogAnI, prakAzaka apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI, jaina vidyA saMsthAna, digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI, rAjasthAna, 1992, mUlya sajilda ru.125/-, pepara baika rU. 75 prAptisthAna - jaina vidyA saMsthAna, zrI mahAvIrajI (rAjasthAna), apabhraMzasAhitya akAdamI, digambara jaina nasiyAM bhaTTArakajI, savAI rAmasiMha roDa, jayapura-3020041 apabhraMza, prAkRta aura Adhunika uttara bhAratIya bhASAoM ke bIca kI eka kar3I hai| isakA prakAzita, aprakAzita vipula sAhitya isake mahattva ko aura jana jIvana meM isake sthAna ko spaSTa kara detA hai| yaha hindI, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, baMgalA Adi kI jananI hai phira bhI durbhAgya se isake adhyayana kI paramparA dhIre-dhIre vilupta ho rahI hai| yadi isake adhyayana kI paramparA lupta ho gayI to bhaviSya meM aisI sthiti bhI A sakatI hai ki isa bhASA ko jAnane vAlA koI na rhe| pro. kamalacanda sogANI nizcita hI dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiM jinhone apabhraMza sAhitya ekAdamI kI sthApanA karake aura apabhraMza bhASA ke adhyayana ko punarjIvita karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| prastuta kRti apabhraMza adhyayana kI dizA meM pAThya granthoM kI kamI pUrti hetu mahattvapUrNa siddha hogii| paumacariu, mahApurANa, jabUMsAmicariu, sudarzanacariu, karakaNDucariu, dhannakumAracariu Adi apabhraMza ke granthoM se isakI sAmagrI kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| saMkalana sundara hai| sAtha hI inakA hindI anuvAda evaM vyAkaraNika vizleSaNa ise pUrNataH eka pAThya pustaka banA detA hai| vyAkaraNika vizleSaNa ke mAdhyama se artha ko spaSTa karane kI lekhaka kI zailI viziSTa hai| unhoneM pUrva meM bhI prAkRta ke kucha granthoM kA anuvAda kiyA hai| apabhraMza adhyetA unake zrama ko sArthaka kareM, yahI apekSA hai| yadi isa grantha ke prArambha meM apabhraMza vyAkaraNa jor3a diyA jAtA, to yaha grantha apabhraMza ke adhyayana ke lie eka sampUrNa grantha bana jaataa| jaina sAdhanA paddhati meM dhyAnayoga, lekhaka - sAdhvI priyadarzanA jI, prakAzaka - zrI ratna jaina pustakAlaya, AcArya zrI AnandaRSi jI mArga, ahamadanagara, DimAI solaha pejI, pRSTha saM.590+ 60 % 650, mUlya ru. 300/ vartamAna yuga meM manuSya tanAvoM se trasta hai| pariNAmataH dhyAna sAdhanA kI ora mAnava jAti kI rujhAna punaH bar3hI hai| Aja na kevala dhyAna kI prAcIna vidhiyoM kI pUrvasthApanA ho rahI hai, apitu aneka navIna dhyAna vidhiyoM kA udbhava bhI huA hai| prastuta kRti meM jaina sAdhanA paddhati meM dhyAna kA kyA svarUpa rahA hai, isakA vistRta vivecana hai| prastuta kRti chaH adhyAyoM meM vibhakta,
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________________ zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 1982 hai| prathama meM yoga evaM dhyAna kI vaidika, bauddha aura jaina sAdhanA paddhatiyoM ke vivaraNa ke sAtha hI sAtha bhAratIyetara dharmoM kI dhyAna evaM yoga kI sAdhanA paddhatiyoM kA bhI vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM dhyAna sAdhanA saMbandhI jaina sAhitya kA vivaraNa hai, usameM pUrva-sAhitya tathA aMga aura aMga bAhaya sAhitya ke vivaraNa ke sAtha hI sAtha Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya ke rUpa meM niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM, cUrNiyoM aura TIkAoM kA bhI vivaraNa prastuta hai| isake atirikta digambara paramparA ke SaTkhaNDAgama, bhagavatIArAdhanA Adi tathA kunda-kunda ke samayasAra, niyamasAra paMcAstikAya evaM pravacanasAra kI bhI carcA hai| sAtha hI tattvArtha kI TIkAoM yathA - tattvArtha-bhASya, sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArthavArtika Adi ko isameM samAhita kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki AgamoM, Agamika sAhitya, tattvArtha aura usakI TIkAoM meM dhyAna saMbandhI vivaraNa alpa hI hai| yadi sAdhvI zrI jI tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vivecana karate hue yaha dikhAne kA prayAsa karate ki dhyAna ke vibhinna pakSoM ko lekara inameM kisa prakAra parivartana huA hai aura una para anya paramparAoM kA prabhAva kaise haA hai -- to isa kati kA mahattva adhika bar3ha jaataa| kRti ke tIsare adhyAya meM jaina sAdhanA meM dhyAna ke sthAna kA citraNa hai| isameM tapa ke bheda-prabhedoM kI carcA ke sAtha-sAtha dhyAna kA ullekha huA hai| caturtha adhyAya vizeSa rUpa se jaina dharma meM dhyAna ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karatA hai jabaki paMcam adhyAya meM dhyAna ke vibhinna prakAroM kA ullekha hai| SaSTam adhyAya mukhya rUpa se dhyAna ke upalabdhiyoM kI carcA karatA hai, isa dRSTi se ise dhyAna ke vyavahArika lAbhoM se jor3A gayA hai| grantha ke anta meM kucha pariziSTa bhI diye gaye haiN| grantha ke prArambha meM DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kI vistRta bhUmikA grantha ke mahattva meM abhivaddhi karatI hai| isa grantha kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM dhyAna ko kendra banAkara sampUrNa jaina sAdhanA ko ujAra kiyA gayA hai| grantha paThanIya evaM saMgrahaNIya hai| paravAra jaina samAja kA itihAsa, lekhaka evaM sampAdaka - siddhAntAcArya paM. phUlacandra zAstrI, prakAzaka zrI bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina paravAra sabhA, mUlya- 150/-, DimAI 16 pejI, 19921 yadyapi jaina dharma aura jaina paramparA ke itihAsa ke sandarbha meM paryApta rupa se likhA gayA hai kintu jahA~ taka jaina jAtiyoM ke itihAsa kA prazna hai isa sandarbha meM alpa sAmagrI hI hai| prastuta kati meM paravAra jaina samAja kA itihAsa prastuta karake paM. phUlacandra jI siddhAnta zAstrI ne isa kamI ko dUra kiyA hai| vartamAna meM poravAla, padmAvatI-poravAla, paravAra Adi aneka jaina jAtiyA~ haiM jo mUlataH prAgvAT nAmaka jAti ke hI vibhinna rupa haiN| yadyapi paravAra va poravAra donoM eka jAti ke do spa haiM yA dono svataMtra jAtiyAM haiM yaha vivAda kA viSaya hai| samAnyatayA prAgvAT yA poravAla jAti zvetAmbara paramparA meM pAyI jAtI hai, vahIM paravAra jAti digambara paramparA meM pAyI jAtI hai| yadyapi paM. jI ne atyanta parizrama pUrvaka paravAra jAti ke udbhava va
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________________ pustaka samIkSA vikAsa kI khoja-bIna karane kA prayatna kiyA hai. phira bhI grantha ke adhyayana se aisA lagatA hai ki prAmANika sAmagrI ke abhAva meM unheM kahIM-kahIM anuzrutiyoM se hI santoSa karanA par3A hai| paM. jI ne anuzrutiyoM ke AdhAra para athavA unake AdhAra para banI paTTAvaliyoM ko mAnyatA dekara guptigupta Adi prAcIna AcAryoM ko bhI paravAra jAti se jor3ane kA prayatna kiyA hai jo ki prAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| hama paM. jI ke kathana se sahamata haiM ki adhikAMza vartamAna jaina jAtiyAM rAjasthAna se hI nikalI haiN| prastuta kRti paravAra jAti ke itihAsa lekhana kA prathama prayAsa hai, isalie abhI usameM parivartana va parivardhana kA paryApta avasara hai, yaha bAta vidvAna lekhaka va prakAzaka ne bhI svIkAra kI hai| grantha ke prArambha meM paM. jaganamohanalAla jI kI bhUmikA tathA dvitIya khaNDa meM nAthUrAma premI jI kA paravAra jAti ke itihAsa para prakAza nAmaka Alekha bhI grantha ke mahattva ko bar3hAte haiN| jahA~ taka premI jI ke dvArA likhita aMza kA prazna hai nizcaya hI vaha eka zodhapUrNa va sampradAya nirapekSa dRSTi se likhA gayA aMza hai, jabaki prathama khaNDa meM paM. phUlacanda jI siddhAnta zAstrI ne paravAra jAti ke itihAsa ke saMbandha meM jo kucha likhA hai, use isa yuga meM nizcaya hI durbhAgya pUrNa kahanA hogaa| unake zabdoM meM "soraThiyA paravAra zvetAmbaroM ke isa mAyA-jAla se kabhI nahIM nikala sake aura unakA zvetAmbarIkaraNa hokara rahA" -- mandira mArgI zvetAmbaroM kI yaha pravRtti isa samaya bhI cAlU hai| jahAM unakA vaza calatA hai (digambara ) dharma cinhoM kA zvetAmbarIkaraNa kara lete haiM, yaha kyA hai ? yaha AtatAyIpana nahIM to aura kyA hai ? (pR. 53 ) maiM yahA~ kathana kI satyatA yA asatyatA para to koI carcA karanA nahIM cAhatA, kintu itanA avazya cAhatA hU~ ki lekhaka va saMpAdaka ko bhASA kA saMyama avazya rakhanA cAhiye, kyoMki bhaviSya meM ye bAteM sAmpradAyika vidveSa kA kAraNa banatI haiN| jJAtavya hai ki zve. paramparA ke prAgavAToM ke sambandha meM bhI itihAsa likhe gae haiN| sambhavataH eka kA upayoga to isa kRti meM huA hai kintu dUsarA jo devAsa ma.pra. se prakAzita hai, vaha grantha paM. jI ko upalabdha nahIM ho sakA hogA, bhAvI saMskaraNa meM yadi usakA bhI upayoga ho sake to ucita hogaa| grantha ke SaSTha aura saptama khaNDa meM jo paravAra samAja ke vibhinna vyaktiyoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai, vaha zodha kI dRSTi se Aja to mahattva kA nahIM haiM, kintu bhAvI yuga meM jaba kabhI paravAra samAja kA itihAsa likhA jAyegA yaha aMza unake lie upayogI hogaa| sAta khaNDoM meM vibhAjita isa grantha meM do vibhAga haiM -- prathama itihAsa vibhAga aura dvitIya paravAra jaina samAja kA pricy| isameM itihAsa vibhAga ke lekhaka paM. phUlacandra jI zAstrI haiN| (prakAzakIya, pR. 6) aura zeSa dvitIya vibhAga kI sAmagI kA saMkalana vibhinna srotoM se karake isa DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina (vArANasI) ne paM. jagamohanalAla jI zAstrI kaTanI ke nirdezana meM sampanna kiyA hai ( apanIbAta, pR. 12) / kRti paThanIya va saMgrahaNIya hai| isake lie lekhaka va prakAzaka dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN|
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________________ 78 'itihAsa kI amara bela osavAla, khaNDa 2, lekhaka zrI mAMgIlAla bhUtoDiyA, prakAzaka priyadarzI prakAzana, 7 olDa posTa Aphisa sTrITa, kalakattA- 1, AkAra DimAI 16 pejI, pR.saM. 460, prathama khaNDa, mUlya 100/-, dvitIya khaNDa - 175/ - - zramaNa, julAI-sitambara, 1882 prastuta kRti osavAla jAti ke itihAsa kA dvitIya khaNDa hai| isake pUrva zrI mAMgIlAla jI bhUtor3iyA ne isake prathama khaNDa ke bAraha adhyAyoM meM osavAla jAti ke udbhava Adi ke sandarbha meM vistRta jAnakArI dI hai, jisakI samIkSA pUrva meM hamane prakAzita kI thii| isake dvitIya khaNDa meM 13 se 23 taka kula 11 adhyAya haiM / terahaveM adhyAya meM osavAloM ke pravasana sambandhI vivaraNa haiM / kRti kA 14vA~ adhyAya osavAla jAti ke gotroM ke udbhava para prakAza DAlatA hai| yaha adhyAya atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM kSatriya, cauhAna, paramAra, rAThaura, pratihAra, sisodiyA, kachavA, solaMkI, gauTha, soDA rAjapUtoM se tathA brAhmaNa, zrImAla, mAhezvarI, khaNDelavAla Adi jAtiyoM se osavAloM ke kauna-kauna se gotra saMbandhita haiM, isakA eka prAmANika vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / isake atirikta isameM gujarAta ke osavAloM kA bhI vivaraNa hai| 15 veM adhyAya meM osavAla saMskRti kA vivaraNa hai| solahavAM adhyAya osavAloM kA zAsana saMcAlana meM kyA yogadAna rahA isakI carcA karatA hai / 17veM adhyAya meM osavAloM kI sahajAtiyoM yathA agravAla, khaNDelavAla Adi kI carcA hai| kRti kA 18vA~ adhyAya osavAla jAti ke vibhinna bheda-prabhedoM kI carcA karatA hai| isake atirikta isameM osavAloM ke dvArA vaiSNava dharma va digaMbara paramparA ko apanAye jAne kA bhI ullekha hai| 19 veM adhyAya meM osavAla samAja kI sAmAjika samasyAoM kI carcA hai| 20vA~ adhyAya janagaNanA kI dRSTi se osavAloM kI carcA karatA hai| adhyAya kramAMka 21 evaM 22 meM kramazaH osavAla jAti ke nArI ratnoM va nara puMgavoM kI carcA hai| isa prakAra zrI mAMgIlAla jI bhUtor3iyA ne paryApta parizrama karake osavAla jAti ke itihAsa ko taiyAra karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| yadyapi itihAsa lekhana eka aisA kArya hai jisakI pUrNatA kA dAvA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kyoMki eka to graMtha lekhana meM pRSThoM kI sImAeM hotI haiN| dUsare lekhaka ko upalabdha sAmagrI bhI lekhana ko sImita banAtI haiN| ataH hama yaha to nahIM kaha sakate ki yaha kRti osavAla jAti kA pUrNa itihAsa prastuta karatI hai, phira bhI abhI taka osavAla jAti ke itihAsa lekhana ke jo bhI prayAsa hue haiM unameM yaha eka sarvottama prayAsa hai| bhaviSya meM isa dizA meM jo aura bhI prayAsa hoMge aura unake lie yaha kRti AdhAra bhUmi banegI, isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai| kRti saMgrahaNIya hai| isa hetu lekhaka nizcaya hI badhAI ke pAtra haiN|
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________________ HUI julAI-sitambara 1992 raji0 naM0 ela039 phona : 311462 transform plastic ideas into beautiful shape NUCHEM MOULDS & DIES Our high-precision moulds and dies are designed to give your moulded product clean flawless lines. Fully tested to give instant production the moulds are made of special alloy steel hard chrome-plated for a better finish. Weite to: Get in touch with us for information on compression, injection or transfer moulds Send a drawing on a sample of your design 11 required we can undertake jobs right from the designing stage. SADAMDAN Nuchem em PLASTICS LTD. Engineering Division 2016. Mathura Road. Faridabad (Haryana) Edited Printed and Published by Prof. Sagar Mal Jain, Director, Pujya Sohanlal Smarak Parshvanath Shodhpeeth, Varanasi-221005