Shabda Samip

Author(s): Kumarpal Desai
Publisher: Gujarat Sahitya Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034285/1

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zabdasamIpa kumArapALa desAI gujarAta sAhitya akAdamI saMdhInagara

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zabdasamIpa . kumArapALa desAI

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zabdasamIpa kumArapALa desAI gujarAta sAhitya akAdamI gAMdhInagara

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prakAzakanuM nivedana Shabdasamip By Kumarpal Desai Published by : Gujarat Sahitya Academy Gandhinagar-382017, 2002 (C) kumArapALa desAI prathama AvRtti : 2002 pRSThasaMkhyA : 298 kiMmata : gujarAta sAhitya akAdamI sAhityanA sarjana ane prakAzana aMge AgavI pravRtti kare che. navodita lekhako temaja bAlasAhityanI hastapratone Arthika sahAya ApI emanI sarjanapravRttine vega ApavAno prayAsa kare che, to bIjI bAju navalikA, nibaMdha, vivecana vagere sAhityaprakAronI kRtionA prakAzana mATe ziSTamAnya graMthone sahAya Ape che. gujarAtI sAhityanA viziSTa kiMtu anupalabdha banelA graMthonuM punaHmudraNa karavAnuM ane te rIte te graMtho navI peDhIne sulabha karI ApavAnuM kAma paNa kare che. vaLI praziSTa graMthonI zreNI dvArA gujarAtI sAhityanA praziSTa graMtho atyaMta sastI kiMmate prakAzita kare che. gujarAtI bhASAmAMthI anya bhAratIya bhASAono anuvAda tathA aMgrejI bhASAmAM gujarAtI sAhitya vizenA graMtho prakAzita kare che. gujarAtI sAhitya akAdamI DaoN. kumArapALa desAInA vivecanasaMgraha 'zabdasamIpa'ne prakAzita karatAM AnaMda anubhave che. A graMthamAM AcArya hemacaMdrAcArya, jJAnavimalasUri jevA madhyakAlIna samayanA sAdhuonA sAhityika pradAnanI carcA che to gujarAtI sAhityanI prathama prakAzita AtmakathA 'huM pote" vize temaja maNilAla nabhubhAInI viziSTa AtmakathA vize carcA karI che. enTana cekhova, Demona raniyana ane oNsTina bukanyA jevA sarjakonI sarjanakalAnI sAthosAtha phirAka gorakhapurI ane phaijha ahamada phaijha jevA urdU kavionA pradAnanuM mUlyAMkana karyuM che. caritranibaMdha, pravAsa-sAhitya, bALasAhitya ane sAhityika patrakAratva vizenA lekho lekhakanA vyApaka dRSTikoNano paricaya Ape che. jyAre vyaktitva ane vAyamAM gujarAtI sAhityanI ghaNI virala vyaktionAM viziSTa smaraNo ane emanI vADmaya sevA tANAvANA mAphaka gUMthAyAM che. sAhityanA bhAvako ane abhyAsIo mATe A pustaka AvakArya ane rasaprada banaze tevI AzA rAkhuM chuM. tA. 1-3-2CQre. kanaiyAlAla ma. paMDyA mahAmAtra gujarAta sAhitya akAdamI gAMdhInagara prakAzaka : kanaiyAlAla ma. paMDyA mahAmAtra, gujarAta sAhitya akAdamI, jUnuM vidhAnasabhA gRha, TAunahola kaeNmpasa, sekTara 17, gAMdhInagara-382017 ISBN: TAipaseTiMga ane mudraNasthAna :

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117 125 137 149 159 167 173 185 anukrama 1. hemacaMdrAcArya ane tenI paraMparA 2. jJAnavimalasUrinuM pradAna 3. viziSTa vyaktitvano Alekha 4. gujarAtI gadyanuM prabhAta 5. adAlatano AnaMdarasa ka, Aphrikana parivezamAM vartamAna saMgharSa 7. braoNDavenI sRSTi 8. 'zrI sisTarsa'nA sarjakanI kalA 9. 'rAjA' (kiMga opha dha DArka cembara) 10. prayogazIla sarjaka phirAke 11. aba tUTa giraMgI jhaMjhIre 12. anokhI AtmakathA 13. dhUmaketuno sthiraprakAza 14. caritra-nibaMdha ane pravAsa-sAhitya 15, sAhityika patrakAratva vize thoDuMka 16. gujarAtI bALa-sAhitya : navI kSitijo 17. bALavizvakoza 18. 'ugatI juvAnInI apragaTa mudraNaprata vyaktitva ane vADmaya. 19. gujarAtanI asmitAnA draSTA : raNajitarAma vAvAbhAI 20. pAragAmI vidrattA : muni puNyavijayajI 21. bhulAyelo bhekhadhArI : mohanalAla da. desAI 22. bahuzruta vidvAna ane saMzodhaka : bhogIlAla sAMDesarA 23. lokasAhityano Azika : dulerAya kArANI 24. jJAnopAsaka ane jIvanasAdhaka : 5. sukhalAlajI 25. lIlIchama kSaNo : guNavaMtarAya AcArya 26. virala vidyApuruSa : dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA 27. jIvanopAsanAnuM amRta : harivallabha bhAyANI 28. saMskRtipuruSanI vidAya : manubhAI paMcoLI - 'darzaka' 29. paramatattvanI samIpe : harIndra dave prastAvanA zabdanI samIpa vasavAno AnaMda ora ja hoya che. sarjakanA zabdamAM enI cetanAnuM vizva lipibaddha banyuM hoya che. jyAre sarjakanA zabda pAse jaIe tyAre enI cetanAno saMsparza ApaNA cittane vismayano anubhava karAve che. hemacaMdrAcAryanA zabdamAM pragaTatI vicAraprauDhi ke ravIndranAthanA 'rAjA' nATakamAM vyakta zabdomAM gUMthAyela avyakta rahasya IzvaranI vibhUtAnI sAthe kalAnI vizALa vibhUtAno tRtikara anubhava karAve che. nArAyaNa hemacaMdranI AtmakathA 'huM pote' ane maNilAla nabhubhAInI AtmakathA "maNilAla nabhubhAInuM jIvanavRttAMta' e baMnemAM AtmakathAkAranA gamA-aNagamAM pragaTa thAya che. baMnenI jIvana-satya ApavAnI nisbata chatI thAya che. kiMtu nArAyaNa hemacaMdranI AtmakathAmAM svajIvananI maryAdAo pUrepUrI AlekhAI nathI. jyAre maNilAla nabhubhAI pUrvagraha ane rAgadveSa sAthe emanA ALA hRdayane thayelAM cakAmAM darzAve che. Demona raniyana pAse jatAM nyUyorka zaheranI raMgabhUminA paryAya samI braoNDavenI sRSTi anubhavAya che. to oNsTina bukanyAnA nATaka "dha brAiDa'mAM Aphrikana parivezamAM paraMparA ane navI peDhI vacceno saMgharSa pragaTa thAya che. vicitra, behudI, kaMTALAjanaka ane prAkRta vastune sAMgopAMga anubhavavAnI cekhovanI sUkSma kaLA ane chupAyelA bhAvane zodhavA mATe nATakanA zabdonI sapATI bhedIne nIce najara karavAnI hoya che. bhAratanA phirAka gorakhapurI ane pAkistAnanA phaijha mahaMmada phaijha jevA urdU kavionI kavitAmAM izka ane insAniyatanI sAthosAtha agaNita mAnavahRdayamAM dharabAyelI vedanAne A sarjakoe vAcA ApI che. zabdanI samIpa rahIne thayelA AnaMdanA anubhavamAM bhAvaka sahabhAgI banaze tevI AzA rAkhuM chuM. AmAMnA thoDAka lekha mArA agAunA vivecanasaMgrahamAMthI paNa lIdhA che jyAre vyaktitva ane vAlmayamAM paM. sukhalAlajI, muni puNyavijayajI, mohanalAla desAI, bhogIlAla sAMDesarA ane dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyAnA vyaktitvanA Alekha sAthe emanI vADmaya sevA darzAvI che. guNavaMtarAya AcArya, manubhAI paMcoLI - 'darzaka', harivallabha bhAyANI ane harIndra dave vizenA lekhamAM emanA vyaktitvanI anubhavelI uSmA zabdastha karI che. A vivecanasaMgrahanA prakAzana mATe gujarAta sAhitya akAdamIno ane tenA kAryavAhaka maMDaLano temaja enA mukhapRSTha mATe citrakAra zrI rajanI vyAsano AbhArI chuM. 1 mArca 200 - kumArapALa desAI 197 # # # # # 275 # VII

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VIII 1 hemacaMdrAcArya ane temanI paraMparA gujarAtI bhASAnuM prabhAta kaLikALasarvaza hemacaMdrAcAryathI UghaDe che. gujarAtanI asmitAnA e prathama chaDIdAra. bhAratabharanA sArasvata diggajonI paMktimAM sthAna dharAve tevo gujarAtI vidvattAno apratima mAnadaMDa hemacaMdrAcAryathI sthapAya che. kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryanA virATa pratibhApUMjamAMthI pragaTatI tejasaravANIoe samakAlIna prajAjIvananAM sarva aMgone prakAzita karyAM che. solaMkIyuganI vidvattA, rAjasattA, lokavyavahAra, janajIvana, bhASA, sAhitya, sabhyatA ane saMskAritA - A badhuM ja kSetro emanI vizALa pratibhAnA tejathI chavAI gayAM hatAM. AthI savAla e jAge che ke emane jyotirdhara kahevA ke yugapravartaka gaNavA ? mahAsamartha sArasvata kahevA ke jIvanakalAdhara kahevA ? samanvayadRSTi dharAvatA mahAna AcArya gaNavA ke pachI bharapUra gujarAtI prajAnI sUtelI asmitAne jagADanArA lokanAyaka kahevA ? DaoN. piTarsane emanA jIvanakArya vize Azcarya vyakta karatAM hemacaMdrAcAryane jJAnano mahAsAgara (Ocean of Knowledge)' kahyA hatA. paM. becaradAsa dozI emanA agAdha pAMDityapUrNa vyaktitvane "jIvaMta zabdakoza" kahIne

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* zabdasamIpa * aMjali Ape che. to muni puNyavijayajI emanI sarvadharmasamabhAva ane anekAMta daSTine joIne temane "syAdvAdavijJAnamUrti " tarIke oLakhAve che. kanaiyAlAla munazI ane dhUmaketu jevA gujarAtanA prathama paMktinA sarjakoe paNa emanI sAhityopAsanAne bhavya aMjali arpI che. zrI kanaiyAlAla munazI hemacaMdrAcAryanI "gujarAtanA sAhityasvAmIonA ziromaNi ane gujarAtanI asmitAno pAyo nAkhanAra jyotirdhara" tarIke oLakha Ape che, jyAre hemacaMdrAcAryanA caritrakAra zrI dhUmaketu emane "harakoI jamAnAnA mahApuruSa" tarIke Adara Ape che. keTalAke hemacaMdrAcAryane siddhahema, divAkara ane Arya suhastinA anugAmI tarIke joyA che, to koIe emanI sAhityasevAne anulakSIne bIjA pataMjali, pANini, mammaTa, piMgalAcArya, bhaTTi ke amarasiMha kozakAra tarIke oLakhAvavAno prayatna karyo che. judA judA kSetranI emanI siddhine mATe emaNe judAM judAM vizeSaNo prayojyAM che. chevaTe "kaLikALasarvajJa" kahIne A eka vizeSaNamAM badhAM vizeSaNono samAveza karavAmAM Avyo. joke dIvAna bahAdura kRSNalAla mo. jhaverI to kahe che ke kaLikALasarvajJa karatAM paNa vadhu uccatA darzAvatuM vizeSaNa vAparo topaNa temAM saheje atizayokti kahevAze nahi. gujarAtanA saMskArajIvana para najara karIe to sAhitya, samAja, rASTra, saMskAra ke sAdhutAnA kSetramAM vyApI jatI emanI tole Ave tevI, bIjI koI vibhUti jovA maLatI nathI. sAMpradAyikatAnI saMkIrNa dIvAlone oLaMgIne teo potAnA saMyama, sAhitya ane sAdhutAnA baLe gujarAtanA saMskArasvAmI, parama sArasvata ane sanmAnanIya rAjaguru tarIke mokhare rahyA. emaNe jIvanadharma uparAMta lokadharma, rAjadharma ane yuddhadharmanI rAjA ane prajAne yogya samaja ApI. nirlepa sAdhutA hovA chatAM teo vyavahAradakSa rahyA hatA. vastutaH teo vyavahAradakSa viddhaddharyA hatA. emanI vidvattA mAtra pothIpurANamAM baddha nahotI. tenAthI emaNe prajA kIya asmitAno utkarSa sAdhyo hato. koI pada ke mobhAnI paravA karyA vagara gurjara saMskRtinA pAyAmAM zrI ane sarasvatInI sthApanA karI batAvavA mathato akSarapuruSArtha temaNe jiMdagIbhara avirata sAdhyo hato. gurjara dezanA rAjA ane prajA ubhayanA saMskAranirmAtA, niHspRhI sAdhu, samayadharmI kuzaLa rAjanItijJa ane gahana adhyAtmayoganA UrdhvagAmI yAtrika paNa hatA. * hemacaMdrAcArya ane temanI paraMparA * prazna e thAya ke kaye samaye emaNe jIvanamAM kayuM kArya karyuM haze ? sAdhutAnA AcAro sAcavIne kaI rIte jAherajIvananI ATalI badhI preraka pravRtti karI haze ? azokanA zilAlekhamAM kotarAyelI ahiMsAnI bhAvanAno choDa emaNe kaI rIte gurjarabhUmimAM vAvIne ugADyo haze ? ATalAM vibhinna kSetromAM sAteka dAyakA jeTalA dIrdhakALa sudhI emanA jevuM bhagIratha ane ciraMjIva kArya karanAra anya koI vibhUti madhyakAlIna gujarAtanA itihAsamAM maLavI muzkela che. bahumukhI pratibhAvALA temanA A virATa vyaktitvane kAraNe gujarAtanA sAMskRtika itihAsanA A suvarNayugane "hamayuga" gaNavAmAM Ave che. gurjara saMskRtinA be mukhya pAyA ahiMsA ane anekAMta-siddhAMtane hemacaMdrAcArya daDhamUla karI Ape che. arvAcIna kALamAM gAMdhIjIe teno jIvananAM tamAma kSetromAM prayoga karI batAvyo te jotAM hemacaMdrAcAryanA jIvanakAryanuM sAtatya gAMdhIjImAM dekhAya. hemacaMdrAcAryanA sAhityamAMnuM viSayavaividhya AzcaryakAraka lAge che. kAvya, nyAya, koza, yoga, chaMda, alaMkAra, itihAsa, purANa ane vyAkaraNa - ema aneka viSayo para emaNe zAstrIya pAMDityapUrNa graMthonI racanA karI che. A graMthomAMthI e paNa khyAla Ave che ke teo maMtra, taMtra, zilpa, vaidaka, yaMtra, jyotiSa, yuddha zAstra, vanaspativighA, sAmudrikazAstra, rasAyaNazAstra, ratnavidyA vagere vighAnA paNa jJAtA hatA. emanuM samagra lekhanakArya jotAM ema lAge che. ke gahana ciMtanazIlatA, apratima sarjakatA ane marmagAmI bhAvayitrI pratibhA vinA ATaluM vipula ane sattvazIla sAhitya eka vyaktinA jIvanakALa daramiyAna sarjAvuM lagabhaga azakya che. vidyAbhyAsa, vicAronI vizadatA jALavIne viSayanI sacoTa ane sAMgopAMga carcA thAya tevI ojasvI AlekhanarItinuM Ayojana emaNe karelI graMtharacanAmAM sAmAnyatayA jovA maLe che. saMskRta uparAMta prAkRta, apabhraMza ane dezya bhASAnA vADmayamAM paNa emanI lekhinIe sahaja vihAra karelo che. emanuM prAkRta vyAkaraNa to samagra bhAratIya vAlmayamAM e viSayanA apUrva ane ananya graMtha tarIke Adara pAmyuM. che. temaNe emAM badhA prakAranI prAkRtane lagatuM vyAkaraNa ApyuM. temaNe svaracita kRtio para vistRta svapajJa TIkA lakhI che. lupta thayelA sAhityamAMthI aneka avataraNo TAMkIne emaNe lokasAhityanI hRdayasparzitAno sarvaprathama saMketa Apyo. B 3 ]

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* hemacaMdrAcArya ane temanI paraMparA * ane emanA vinA gujarAtI prajAnAM khAsa lakSaNo - samanvaya, viveka, ahiMsA, prema, zuddha sadAcAra ane prAmANika vyavahAra praNAlikA - kalpI zakAtAM nathI. hemacaMdrAcArya mAnava tarIke mahAna hatA; sAdhu tarIke vadhAre mahAna hatA; paNa saMskAradraSTA tarIke to e sauthI vadhAre mahAna hatA. emaNe je saMskAra reDyA, emaNe je bhASA ApI, emaNe lokone je rIte bolatA karyA, emaNe je sAhitya ApyuM - e saghaLuM AjanA gujarAtanI nasamAM hajI vahI rahyuM che, ane eTale, e mahAna gujarAtI tarIke itihAsamAM prasiddhi pAmavAyogya puruSa * zabdasamIpa * anugAmIone mATe gahana viSayane sugama rIte Ayojanabaddha paddhatie AlekhavAno Adarza temaNe pUro pADyo ema kahI zakAya. temanI A khAsiyata vizada bhASA, prAsAdika zailI ane viSayano sarvagrAhI paricaya ApatA mImAMsAgraMthomAM khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. "siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana', 'jyAzraya' mahAkAvya ke 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita' jevA vizALakAya graMtho to emanA pratibhAtaMbha jevA che, paNa 'ayogavyavacchedaddhAtrizikA' jevA batrIsa zlokanA nAnA stutikAvyamAM paNa emanI pratibhAnA stulligono sparza thayA vinA raheto nathI. gujarAtanI lukhIsUkI bhUmi para hemacaMdrAcArya Ama sarasvatIno dhodha vahevaDAvyo ane bhaviSyamAM UghaDanArI gujarAtI bhASAnAM bIjane tatkAlIna bolatI bhASAnA jalasiMcana sAthe jJAna, vidvattA, zAstrIyatAno puTa caDAvyo e moTA sadbhAgyanI vAta che. maitraka vaMzano rAjA guhasena saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza - ema traNeya bhASAmAM racanA karato hato tevA ullekho sAMpaDe che. hemacaMdrAcAryanA A traNe bhASAmAM racAyelA graMtho to maLe che, paNa, ethIye vizeSa temaNe A traNeya bhASAnA koza ane vyAkaraNa racIne ananya abhyAsasAdhana sulabha karI ApyuM. Ane pariNAme jainetara vidvAnomAM paNa hemacaMdrAcAryanI kRtio Adara pAmI. chaMdazAstranA TIkAkAra halAyudha jevA to hemacaMdrAcAryanI kRtionA sIdhesIdhA graMthasaMdarbho ja TAMke che. siddharAjanuM zaurya ane kumArapALanI saMskArapriyatA hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAdhutAnI jyotathI vadhu prakAzita banI. hemacaMdrAcArya vinA solaMkIyuganA suvarNakALanA sImADA mAtra prajAnI bhautika siddhi-samRddhi sudhI ja sImita raheta. jJAna ane saMskAranA samanvayarUpa zIla vikasyuM hota ke kema e prazna che. vidyAnuM teja rAjAonI AMkhamAM AMjIne prajAjIvananAM sarva kSetrone e tejathI prakAzita karanAra samartha saMskRtipuruSa te hemacaMdrAcArya. sAhitya ane itihAsa, zAstra ane kaLA, vyAkaraNa ane tarka, dharma ane vyavahAra, sAdhutA ane sarasatA tathA rAjA ane prajA ema vibhinna stare sahaja samanvaya sAdhI batAvanAra kImiyAgarA saMskArazilpI eTale hemacaMdrAcArya. AthI ja 'dhUmaketu' kahe che - hemacaMdrAcArya vinA gujarAtI bhASAno janma kalpI zakto nathI; emanA vinA varSo sudhI gujarAtane jAgrata rAkhanArI saMskAritA kalpI zakAtI nathI; hemacaMdrAcAryanI vipula akSarapravRtti siddharAja ane kumArapALanA rAjyAzraya thaI hatI tema kahevuM te karatAM te pravRtti be rAjavIonA zreyArthe cAlI hatI ema kahevuM vizeSa yogya che. teo baMne rAjavIonA AdarapAtra mArgadarzaka ane salAhakAra paNa hatA. siddharAjanI jJAnopAsanA ane kumArapALanI saMskArapriyatAnA teo vidhAyaka banyA hatA. rAjA vikrama ane kavi kAlidAsa athavA to rAjA bhoja ane kavi dhanapAla sAthe siddharAja -kumArapALa ane hemacaMdrAcAryanI joDInI sarakhAmaNI karavI yogya nathI. rAjA sAthenA emanA saMbaMdhanI tulanA to ghaNe aMze svAmI rAmadAsa ane chatrapati zivAjI sAthe thaI zake. siddharAja ane kumArapALanI madadathI hemacaMdrAcAryane jUnA graMthonI ghaNI hastaprato sAMpaDI. hemacaMdrAcAryanA A kAryamAM rAmacaMdra, guNacaMdra ane mahendra jevA vidvAna ziSyono samudAya emane sahAyaka thayo hato. vidyopAsanAnuM kevuM bhavya vAtAvaraNa e samaye racAyuM haze, enI kalpanA ja romAMcakArI lAge che. emanA graMthonI lahiyAo pAse asaMkhya pratilipio karAvavAmAM AvI hatI ane e pratilipione bhAratanA aneka graMthabhaMDAromAM sthApita karavAmAM AvI hatI. A kAraNe ja temanA jIvanakALamAM ja lakhAyelI keTalIka pratilipio Aje paNa upalabdha thAya che. e pachInAM navaso varSanA dIrdhakALamAM A graMthonI pratilipio thatI rahI che. Aje bhAgye ja koI evo jaina graMthabhaMDAra haze, jyAM hemacaMdrAcAryanA koI ne koI graMthanI pratilipi na hoya. hemacaMdrAcAryanA graMthono abhyAsa karatAM pUrve graMtharacanAno hetu ke uddeza jovo jarUrI banaze. A niHspRhIM sAdhune kaviyaza meLavavAnI to kalpanA ja 0 pa ]

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* zabdasamIpa * kyAMthI hoya ? yaza, artha ke nAmanAthI to sAdhutAnA zikhara samA A graMthakAra para hoya. e ja rIte graMtharacanA pAchaLa vidvattA ke pAMDityanA pradarzanano paNa Azaya na hoya. hemacaMdrAcAryano hetu to vidyAsevIone sugama ane subodha bane e rIte bhinna bhinna viSayonuM sarvAgINa ane sArabhUta Akalana karavAno hato. AmAM je avyavasthita hatuM ane emaNe vyavasthita karyuM. jyAM kSati hatI tyAM enuM nivAraNa karyuM. lokakaMThamAM hatuM ene lipibaddha karyuM. pustakomAM hatuM tenuM Akalana karyuM. vedastha vicAronuM dohana karyuM. A rIte kAvyo racIne kavi banavuM ke graMtho lakhIne vidyAgarva dhAraNa karavo tevA koI hetune badale hemacaMdrAcArya vidyAprItithI prerAIne lokasaMgraha arthe potAnI saghaLI zakti kAme lagADI hatI. temaNe yathI avakAza svataMtra vicAraNA ke maulika ciMtana paNa ApyuM che. A uddezane lakSamAM rAkhyA vagara kaLikALasarvazanA graMthono abhyAsa karanAra bhUlathI evo AkSepa karI bese ke emaNe to pUrvagraMthomAMthI utArA ja karyA che. joke chellA ATha-nava saikAothI emanA graMthonA avirata paThana-pAThana parathI emanA vidyAkIya puruSArthanuM sAphalya pragaTa thayuM che. prAcIna itihAsamAM ke hemacaMdrAcAryanI pUrve ATalA vibhinna viSayo para saLaMga zAstrIya ane abhyAsapUrNa graMtho ApanAra hemacaMdrAcArya jevI bhAgye ja koI virala pratibhA maLI Avaze. e jJAnajyotie dUra karelA ajJAnanA aMdhakAra vize zrI somaprabhAcArya kahe che - klupta vyAkaraNaM navaM viracitaM chaMdo navaM dayAzrayAlaMkArau prathitau navau prakaTitaM zrIyogazAstra navam / takA saMjanito navo jinavarAdInAM caritraM navaM baddhaM yena na kena kena vidhinA mohaH kRto dUrataH / / navuM vyAkaraNa kahyuM; navuM chaMdazAstra racyuM; thAzraya mahAkAvya ane alaMkArazAstrane vistAryA ane navAM ja prakaTa karyA. zrIyogazAstrane paNa navuM racyuM; navA tarkazAstrane janma Apyo; jinavaronAM caritrono navo graMtha racyo; kaI kaI rIte zrI hemacaMdrAcArye ajJAnane dUra karyuM nathI ?' graMthabhaMDAromAM kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryanI aneka kRtio maLe che. A kRtionI vizvasanIyatAnA nirdhAraNamAM kartAe pote keTalIka kRtione aMte karela ullekho sahAyaka bane che. vaLI e pachI somaprabhAcArya ane prabhAcaMdra 2 ka 1 * hemacaMdrAcArya ane temanI paraMparA * emanI kRtionA ullekho ApyA che. gujarAtI sAhityanA paroDhano jhAMkho prakAza 'siddhahemazabdAnuzAsane' sauprathama darzAvyo. hemacaMdrAcAryanI vipula sAhityaracanAnI gaMgotrIno prAraMbha gujarAtanI asmitA ane saMskAritA ja gADanArI eka ghaTanAnA pratibhAvamAMthI thayo. jayasiMha siddharAja mAlavapati zrI yazovarmAne harAvI, dhArAnagarIno dhvaMsa karI, teno amUlya graMthabhaMDAra pATaNamAM lAvyA. A graMthabhaMDAramAM bhojarAjaviracita 'sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa' nAmanA vyAkaraNagraMtha para siddharAjanI dRSTi paDI. vizeSa tapAsa karatAM ene jANavA maLyuM ke pote je pradezane parAjita karyo che e pradezanA bhojanuM vyAkaraNa ja enA rAjyamAM bhaNAvAtuM hatuM. bhojarAjanI vidvattAnI prazaMsAe siddharAjane enA mAtra pradezavijayanI laghutA dekhADI. A samaye bhojanA vyAkaraNa karatAM caDiyAtuM vyAkaraNa racI zake tevA samartha zaktizALI hemacaMdrAcArya ja hatA. vi. saM. 1193mAM emane A vyAkaraNa lakhavAnuM soMpAyuM. siddharAje te mATe TheraTherathI hastaprato maMgAvI. cheka kAzamIrathI ATha vyAkaraNo maMgAvyAM. A vyAkaraNonI madadathI ane sva-pratibhAthI kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArya "siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana' nAmanA vyAkaraNanI racanA karI. siddharAjanI vinaMtIthI A vyAkaraNa racAyuM. hovAthI prathama enuM nAma joDIne nAmAbhidhAna karyuM. agAunA vyAkaraNagraMthomAM ativistAra, durbodhatA ane kramabhaMga - e traNa doSo jovA maLatA hatA. hemacaMdrAcArya A vyAkaraNanI racanAmAM saMpa, sugamatA ane kramabaddha Ayojana rAkhIne e traNe doSathI mukta rahyA. A vyAkaraNagraMthanI bIjI vizeSatA e che ke enAM pAMceya aMgo* hemacaMdrAcArya pote lakhyAM che. bIjA vaiyAkaraNoe vyAkaraNasutra ane bahu bahu to tenA uparanI vRttinI racanA karI che. vyAkaraNanA anya aMgonI racanA to anugAmIo kare evI paripATI hatI. hemacaMdrAcArye A pAMceya aMgonI racanA pote karIne pANini, bhaTTajI dIkSita ane bhaTTi e traNeya vaiyAkaraNonuM kAma ekale hAthe karyuM. emanA A vyAkaraNagraMthe vardhamAnasUri ane buddhisAgarasUrijInA vyAkaraNagraMthone vismRta karI dIdhA. pANininA saMskRta vyAkaraNa pachInuM eka bIjuM noMdhapAtra vyAkaraNa te "siddhahemacaMdrazabdAnuzAsana' * vyAkaraNanAM pAMca aMgo te : (1) sUtrapATha; (2) uNAdigaNasUtra; (3) liMgAnuzAsana; (4) dhAtupArAyaNa; ane (5) gaNapATha. 3 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * gaNAya che. pANininAM sUtronI yojanA karatAM hemacaMdrAcAryanAM sUtronI yojanAmAM abhyAsakane te sugama thAya teno khyAla rakhAyo che. abhyAsa arthe graMtha racavAno uddeza hovAthI ja jyAM pUrvAcAryanAM sUtrothI kAma cAlyuM tyAM e ja sUtro emaNe kAyama rAkhyAM che. AthI zAkaTAyana ane hemacaMdrAcAryanAM sutromAM moTuM sAmya jovA maLe che. jyAM doSa, truTi ke durbodhatA dekhAya tyAM malika umaraNathI sUtrone sugrAhya banAvavAno prayAsa karyo che. eka varSamAM A vyAkaraNanAM sUtro ane laghuvRtti temaNe racyAM haze. enI bRhadravRtti ane bIjAM aMgonuM nirmANa temaNe pachIthI karyuM haze. mULasUtra, dhAtu, gaNapATha, uNAdi pratyaya ane liMgAnuzAsana - ema paMcAMgI vyAkaraNanI racanA emaNe savA lAkha zlokomAM karI hatI. merUtuMgAcArye paNa noMdhyuM che ke hemacaMdrAcArye A vyAkaraNa savA lAkha zlokonuM racyuM hatuM. A vyAkaraNanA ATha adhyAya che. enI kula sUtrasaMkhyA 4685 che. prAkRta vyAkaraNane lagatAM sUtro bAda karIe to saMskRta vyAkaraNanAM 3pa6 sUtro maLe che. A vyAkaraNagraMthanA AThamA adhyAyamAM maLatI prAkRta ane apabhraMzanI carcA e A graMthanI abhyAsIone AkarSatI vizeSatA che. jema pANinie 'aSTAdhyAyI' nAmanA sarvotkRSTa vyAkaraNamAM vaidika vyAkaraNa prayojyuM che, e ja rIte hemacaMdrAcArya 'siddhahema'nA AThamA adhyAyamAM prAkRta ane apabhraMza - prAcIna gujarAtI bhASAnuM vyAkaraNa yojyuM che. emanuM prAkRta vyAkaraNa badhAM prAkRta vyAkaraNomAM vadhu pUrNa ane vyavasthita che. emanA apabhraMza vyAkaraNe apabhraMza sAhityanI rasasamRddhino kharekharo paricaya karAvyo. A vyAkaraNa saMkSipta hovA chatAM emAM badhAM aMgono samAveza thayo che. Ama saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza bhASAnuM 'siddhahema" jevuM vyAkaraNa e pachI adyApi lakhAyuM nathI. abhyAsIne anukULa evI AnI viSayagoThavaNI ane paribhASAne kAraNe epha. kilahorna (E. Keplhorn) | 'The best grammar of the Indian middle ages! kahe che. prAcIna bhASAonA pratyeka abhyAsIne mATe 'siddhahema' anivArya pravezadvAra gaNAya. A vyAkaraNe rAjA siddharAja ane AcArya hemacaMdranI amara kIrti samagra dezamAM prasarAvI. A vyAkaraNane hAthI para aMbADImAM mUkIne dhAmadhUmathI pATaNamAM enI zobhAyAtrA kADhavAmAM AvI. e rIte gujarAtamAM vidyApratiSThAno prAraMbha thayo. siddharAje rAjyanA traNaso lahiyA rokIne AnI aneka pratilipio * hemacaMdrAcArya ane temanI paraMparA * taiyAra karAvI, eTaluM ja nahi paraMtu aMga, baMga, koMkaNa, karNATaka temaja kAzmIra sudhI AkhA dezamAM temaja nepALa, zrIlaMkA ane IrAna jevA dUradUranA dezomAM enI pratilipio mokalAvI, gujarAtI vidvattAnI jJAnajyota ema evI suMdara rIte pragaTI ke eno prakAza pahelI vAra dezanA sImADAone vIMdhIne dezapAra gayo. vANijyamAM dezAvara kheDanAra gujarAte jJAnaprasAramAM pahelI vAra dezAvara kheDyo. A graMtha para vidyAdharagaNi devAnaMda ane vAyaTagacchIya amaracaMdrasUrie racanAo karI che. 'siddhahema'nI racanA pachI lagabhaga traNaso varSa bAda vi. saM. 1492mAM jinamaMDanagaNie emanA 'kumArapALa prabaMdha mAM lakhyuM ke zabdasamudranA pAragAmI hemacaMdrAcArye ekalAe AvuM zabdAnuzAsana racyuM. temanI matinI kaI rIte stuti karIe 11 bhrAtaH / saMghRNu pANinipralapita, kAtantrakanthA vRthA, mA kArSIH kaTu zAkaTAyanavacA, kSudreNa cAndreNa kim ? / kiM kaNThAbharaNAdibhi baMDharayatyAtmAnam anyairapi, zrUyante yadi tAvadarthamadhurA zrIsiddhahemoktayaH // - pravanyajIvanAma T: he bhAI ! pANinie jeno pralApa karyo che, te vyAkaraNa)ne baMdha karI de, kAtatra (vyAkaraNarUpI) godaDI paNa oDhavI) nakAmI che. kaTu evA zAkaTAyana(vyAkaraNa)nAM vacano paNa nA uccArIza; vaLI zudra evA cAndra vyAkaraNa)nuM paNa have zuM prayojana che) ? (bhojanA sarasvatI) kaMThAbharaNAdi anya (vyAkaraNo)thI paNa tArI jAtane ThaThAravAnI zI jarUra che; ke jyAre arthapUrNa (ane) madhura evI zrI hemacaMdranI (vyAkaraNarUpI) uktio sAMbhaLavA maLI rahI che." 'siddhahemazabdAnuzAsananA eka svataMtra vibhAga tarIke 'hamaliMgAnuzAsana' prApta thAya che. ATha adhyAyanAM 763 sUtromAM AnI racanA karI che. AnI pAchaLano temano hetu to abhyAsIone liMgavidhAnanuM jJAna prApta thAya te che. AthI bIjA liMgAnuzAsana karatAM A kRti vistRta ane nokhI bhAta pADanArI che. paghabaMdhamAM racAyelA A geya graMthamAM hemacaMdrAcArye amarakozanI zailI pramANe padyamAM strIliMga, pulliMga ane napuMsakaliMga - ema traNeya liMgomAM zabdonuM vargIkaraNa karyuM che. rosero

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* zabdasamIpa * 'zabdAnuzAsana' ane 'kAvyAnuzAsana' pachI kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArye 'chonuzAsana'nI racanA karI. pUrvAcAryonI paddhati anusAra jijJAsu vidyArthIone chandovidhAnanuM jJAna maLe tevo AnI pAchaLano uddeza hato. 'kAvyAnuzAsana' ane 'chandonuzAsanane lakSamAM rAkhIne vikhyAta saMzodhaka vinTaranijha "The Life ofHemchandr; c rya" pustakanA AmukhamAM noMdhe che : "Hemchandra's learned books, it is true, are not distinguished by any great originality, but they display a truly encyclopaedic erudition and an enormous amount of reading, besides a practical sense which makes them very useful. This applies also to his manuals of poetics and metrics, the Kivynuzi sana and the Chhandonuzi sana, each accompanied by the author's own commentary." saMskRta bhASAmAM chaMdonAM lakSaNa ApyA pachI enAM udAharaNa saMskRta, prAta athavA apabhraMza bhASAmAM ApyAM che. A udAharaNomAMnAM keTalAMka udAharaNo hemacaMdrAcArye yojelAM che. vaLI AmAM siddharAja , kumArapALa vagerenI prazastirUpa, svopaNa kAvyadRSTAMto ApyAM che jemAMthI e samayanI aitihAsika vigato maLe che, tethI A graMthanuM aitihAsika dRSTie paNa ghaNuM mahattva che. A graMthane saMskRta-prAkRta bhASAnuM piMgaLa ja kahevAya. saMskRta, prAkRta ke apabhraMzamAM pravartamAna badhA ja chonI AmAM sodAharaNa carcA karavAmAM AvI che. arvAcIna chandazAstrano abhyAsa karanArane saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza chandazAstranI jANakArI jarUrI che ane te chandonI zAstrIya vivecanA ekamAtra 'chandonuzAsana'mAMthI maLI rahe che. vaLI arvAcIna chandrazAstranI dRSTie paNa A graMthamAM keTalIka upayogI carcA maLe che. AjanA kavio je prakArano chandono saMkara karI rahyA che temaja gaNitadaSTie varNagaNonA pherabadalA karI aneka navA indonI yojanA kare che, tenI carcA hemacaMdrAcArye karI che.14 eka vaiyAkaraNa tarIke kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArya viziSTa sthAna dharAve che. mahAna vaiyAkaraNa pANinie potAnA vyAkaraNa 'aSTAdhyAyI' dvArA pUrvaparaMparAmAM a 10 ] * hemacaMdrAcArya ane temanI paraMparA * eka potIkI paraMparAnuM nirmANa karyuM hatuM. pANininI pUrve zAkaTAyana jevA aneka vyAkaraNIo thayA hatA, paraMtu pANininA vyAkaraNe eka paraMparA sthApI. emAM kAtyAyana ke pataMjalie saMzodhana-umeraNa karyuM, paraMtu pANininI vaiyAkaraNa tarIkenI pratiSThA to sadIothI akSata rahI. saMskRta bhASAnA aMtima vyAkaraNazAstrI banyAM AcArya hemacaMdrAcArya. saMskRta vyAkaraNaparaMparAmAM emanA pradAnane kAraNe hemasaMpradAya Ubho thayo. emanA vyAkaraNano uttarakAlIna jaina vyAkaraNo para vizeSa prabhAva dRSTigocara thAya che. zvetAmbara saMpradAyanA keTalAka AcAryoe hemacaMdrAcAryanA vyAkaraNane AdhAre aneka graMthonI racanA karI che. AvA AThathI dasa vyAkhyAkAra maLe che." apabhraMza vyAkaraNa te kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryanuM cirakAlIna mahattva dharAvatuM pradAna gaNAze. 'zabdAnuzAsana'nA AThamA adhyAyanA prAkRta vyAkaraNamAM hemacaMdrAcArya mahArASTrI, zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI, cUlikA, paizAcI ane apabhraMza ema cha bhASAonI carcA karI che. apabhraMza vibhAgamAM noMdhelA duhAonuM vaividhya AkarSaka che. apabhraMzanAM sUtronI vRttimAM lagabhaga 177 duhAo hemacaMdrAcArye noMdhyA che, jemAM upadezAtmaka, vIrarasapradhAna, paurANika, zRMgArarasapradhAna ane jaina dharmane lagatA duhAo maLe che. A duhAomAM keTalAka lokokti rUpe UtarelA che.. A apabhraMza duhAo cheka gujarAtI bhASA sudhI UtarI AvyA che. apabhraMza duhAnuM arvAcIna bhASAmAM kevuM rUpAMtara thayuM che tenI tapAsa saMzodhako mATe rasaprada viSaya bane tema che. AThamA adhyAyamAM hemacaMdrAcArya eka apabhraMza duho TAMke che - 'thAyasu uDDAvaMtiae~ piu diduu sahasa-tti / adhdhA valayA mahihi gaya adhdhA kuTTa taDa-tti / / 16 / / lAMbA samayathI preyasI viraha anubhavatI hatI, teno deha paNa phINa banI gayo hato. AvI virahAkula strI kAgaDAne uDADavA jatI hatI tyAM ja ekAeka enA patine Avato joyo. ciravirahiNI para enI kevI asara thaI ? aDadhAM valaya jamIna para paDI gayAM, virahane kAraNe hAtha durbaLa banI 1 11 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * gayo hato mATe. jyAre aDadhAM taDa thaIne tUTI gayAM, priyatamanAM darzanathI AnaMdita thayelI virahiNInuM kAMDuM phUlI gayuM mATe 15 lokabhASAmAM maLatA duhAomAM AnAM be rUpAMtara maLe che. enuM eka sAmAnya rUpAMtara A che - 'kAmana kAga uDAvatI, piyu Ayo jhaba kAM: ApI cUDI kera lagI, AdhI gaI taDakAM.' A ja duhAnuM eka bIjuM camatkRtipUrNa rUpAMtara maLe che. emAM aDadhI cUDIo virahane kAraNe kSINadeha thavAthI jamIna para paDI gaI evuM darzAvavAne badale kavie darzAvyuM che ke aDadhI kAgaDAnA gaLAmAM parovAI gaI. bAkInI aDadhI cUDIo bhAMgIne bhoMya para paDI. 'kAga UDAvaNa dhaNa khaDI, Ayo pIva bhaDakka; ApI cUDI kAga-gala, AdhI bhaMya taDa% !' apabhraMza vyAkaraNamAM maLatA duhAomAM kAvyasauMdarya, bhAvavaividhya ane bhArobhAra kavitva che. A duhAo dvArA e samayanA lokasAhityanI anupama jhAMkhI thAya che. apabhraMza bhASAnuM vistRta anuzAsana racanAra hemacaMdrAcArya sauprathama che. temaNe bhinna bhinna pradezomAM pracalita upabhASA ane vibhASAonuM saMvidhAna darzAvIne apabhraMza bhASAno paricaya Apyo che. hemacaMdrAcAryanA samaya pachI uttara bhAratamAM saMskRta zabdAnuzAsanano kALa lagabhaga samApta thaI gayo. 'siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana' ane 'dezInAmamAlA'ne jotAM hemacaMdrAcAryane ApaNe apabhraMza bhASAnA pANini kahI zakIe. gurjarabhUminA jJAnadIpane prajvalita karavA mAMgatA kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryanI dRSTi vyAkaraNa pachI koza tarapha gaI. bhASAno abhyAsa sugama bane ane vyAkaraNanuM jJAna sakriya bane te mATe emane kozanI jarUra lAgI. mAtra vidyArthIo ke abhyAsIo ja nahi, paraMtu vidvAno mATe paNa koza jarUrI jJAnasAdhana che. A vize hemacaMdrAcArya kahe che : kozasyaiva mahIpAnAM kozasya viduSAmapi / upayogo mahAn yasmAt klezastena vinA bhavet / / * hemacaMdrAcArya ane temanI paraMparA * rAjAone (dravya)kozano ane vidvAnone paNa (zabda)kozano ghaNo upayoga hoya che. tenA vinA te baMnene atyaMta viTaMbaNA paDe che. 13 hemacaMdrAcArye "abhidhAnacitAmaNi', 'anekArthasaMgraha' ane 'nighaMTuzeSa'ema saMskRta bhASAnA traNa koza racyA che. prAkRta-dezya bhASAnA jJAna mATe 'dezInAmamAtA' ane 'rayaNAvali'nI racanA karI che. "abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi ' e itihAsa ane bhASAvijJAnanI dRSTie atyaMta mUlyavAna banI rahe tevo kozagraMtha che. AmAM hemacaMdrAcArye kavio dvArA pracalita ane prayukta zabdono suMdara Alekha Apyo che. vaLI sAMskRtika dRSTie paNa A kozanI sAmagrI abhyAsIone upayogI che. AmAM evA aneka zabdo maLe che, je anya kozamAM prApta thatA nathI. 'amara koza'ne lakSamAM rAkhIne eka arthavALA samAna zabdo ApavA mATe hemacaMdrAcArya 'abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi nI racanA karI. joke *amarakoza' karatAM doDha gaNI zabdasaMkhyA AmAM sAMpaDe che. vaLI paryAyavAcI zabdo paNa 'amarakoza' karatAM vadhu maLe che. 'amarakozamAM sUryanA 37 paryAya, kiraNanA 11 paryAya, caMdranA 20 paryAya, zivanA 48 paryAya, brahmAnA 20 paryAya, viSNunA 36 ane agninAM 34 paryAyavAcI nAma maLe che. jyAre "abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi mAM sUryanA 72, kiraNanA 36, caMdranA 32, zivanA 77, brahmAnA 40, viSNunA 7pa ane agninA pa1 paryAyo upalabdha che. A rIte A graMthanI racanA dvArA hemacaMdrAcArya saMskRta sAhityanA zabdakozamAM vipula vRddhi karI che. 'abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi'nI kula okasaMkhyA 1541 che, paraMtu TIkA sAthe tenI zlokasaMkhyA kula dasa hajAranI thAya. A graMthanA cha kAMDa maLe che. prathama kAMDamAM devAdhideva, bIjA kAMDamAM deva, trIjAmAM manuSya, cothAmAM tiryaMco, pAMcamAmAM nArakInA jIvo ane chaThThAmAM sarvasAmAnya evA eka-arthavAcI zabdono saMgraha che. AmAM yaugika, mizra ane rUDha zabdo spaSTa karyA che. kozanA AraMbhanA zlokamAM potAnI A yojanA vize hemacaMdrAcArya kahe che - 'praNipatyArhatA siddhasAGgazabdAnuzAsanaH / rUDhayaugikamizrANAM nAmnAM mAlAM tanomyaham / / ahaMtone namaskAra karIne, pAMceya aMga sahita zabdAnuzAsana pratiSThA pAmyA pachI, rUDha, vyutpattisiddha ane mizra nAmonI mAlAne huM vistAruM chuM." 1 13 ] 1 12 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * zabdazAstra mATe upayogI evo A graMtha arvAcIna dezya bhASAnA abhyAsa mATe eTalo ja Avazyaka che. vaLI ene saMpUrNa banAvavA mATe hemacaMdrAcArye emAM cheka sudhI umerA ane sudhArA karyA che. saMskRta bhASAnA vidvAnomAM abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi'ne Adara prApta thayo. aitihAsika dRSTie AmAMthI ghaNI sAmagrI prApta thAya tema che. AnA udAharaNa rUpe AmAMthI maLatI Rtuo ane tolamApa vizenI mAhitI ghaNI rasaprada che. bhAratIya samAjamAM varNasaMkaratAnI vigata paNa AmAMthI maLe che. jema ke pitA brAhmaNa ane mAtA kSatriya hoya to enA saMtAnanI jAti 'mUryAsa' kahevAya. e ja rIte pitA zudra ane mAtA brAhmaNI hoya to saMtAnanI jAti 'ghAMDAta' kahevAya. A rIte samAja zAstrIya abhyAsa mATe paNa A kozamAMthI maLatI sAmagrI upayogI banI rahe che. vaLI AmAMnA keTalAka zabdo Adhunika bhASAmAM UtarI AvelA hovAthI paNa A koza mahattvano gaNAya. hemacaMdrAcArya zabdajJAnanuM mahattva jANatA hovAthI emaNe Avo vizALa paryAyavAcI koza taiyAra karyo. emaNe pote A kozamAM eka sthaLe noMdhyuM che - 'vaktRtvaM ca kavitvaM ca viddhattAyAH phalaM viduH / zabdajJAnAdRte tanna dayamapyupapadyate / budhajano vajhutva ane kavitvane vidvattAnA phaLarUpe jaNAve che; paNa e be zabdajJAna vinA siddha thaI zakatA nathI." 'abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi' pachI zabdajJAnanI mahattA jANanArA hemacaMdrAcArya 'anekArthasaMgraha 'nI racanA karI. 'abhidhAnacitAmaNi'mAM eka arthanA aneka zabdono koza ApavAmAM Avyo hato. jyAre 'anekArthasaMgrahamAM eka zabdanA aneka arthano ullekha ApavAmAM Avyo che. jema ke, no artha brahmA, AtmA, ravi, mayUra, agni, yama ane vAyu thAya che. A dRSTie 'abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi' ane 'anekArthasaMgraha' parasparanA pUraka gaNAya. sAta kAMDamAM vaheMcAyelA A kozanI kula zlokasaMkhyA 1829 che. enA cha kAMDamAM 1769 zloko maLe che. e pachI sAtamo avyaya kAMDa maLe che. A sATha zlokanA avyayakAMDane 'anekArthazaSa' tarIke umeravAmAM Avyo che. 'abhidhAnaciMtAmaNimAM paNa chelle 'zeSa' umeravAmAM Avyo hato te mujaba ahIM paNa AvuM chelle umeraNa maLe che. A graMthamAM maLatA * hemacaMdrAcArya ane temanI paraMparA * keTalAya zabdo arvAcIna bhASAmAM UtarI AvyA che. gujarAtI bhASAnA abhyAsIone paNa A graMthanA zabdo ghaNI sAmagrI pUrI pADe tema che. 'anekArthasaMgraha'mAM ni:ni, punA, TaT: maLe che. AmAMthI gujarAtI bhASAmAM nIsaraNI, pulAva, TAMgo jevA zabdo UtarI AvyAnuM vicArI zakAya. A graMtha para DAyArthIra thAvara muvI nAmanI TIkA maLe che. enA prathama kAMDanI puSyikA jotAM ema lAge ke AnI racanA khuda hemacaMdrAcArye karI che; paraMtu enA bIjA kAMDanI TIkAne aMte maLatA keTalAka pudhdhikAzlokamAM lakhyuM che : 'zrI hemasUriziSyeNa zrImanmahendrasUriNA / bhaktiniSThena TIkaiSA tannAmnaica pratiSThitA / / A zloka parathI e spaSTa thAya che ke hemacaMdrAcAryanA ziSya mahendrasUrie A TIkA lakhI che ane bhaktipUrvaka potAnA gurunA nAma para caDAvI dIdhI hatI. hemacaMdrAcAryanI kozapravRttinuM aMtima phaLa che 'nighaMTuzeSa'. "abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi', 'anekArthasaMgraha' jevA saMskRta koza ane 'dezInAmamAlA" jevA dezya bhASAnA kozanI racanA karyA pachI hemacaMdrAcArye 'nighaMTuzeSa'nI racanA karI. 'anekArthasaMgraha'nI TIkAmAM mahendrasUrie evo ullekha karyo che ke potAnA guru hemacaMdrAcArya pAse vizALa graMtha-saMgraha hato ane temAM dhavaMtarino 'nighaMTu' graMtha paNa hato. 'nighaMTuzeSa nA cha kAMDa maLe che ane A eka prakArano vaidakazAstrane mATe upayogI evo vanaspatikoza che. A koza cha kAMDamAM vaheMcAyelo che ane tenI kula zlokasaMkhyA 396 che. A kozamAM vRkSa, gulma, latA, zAka, tRNa ane dhAnya ema cha kAMDa che. kramazaH kAMDanA zlokonI saMkhyA ochI thatI jAya che. prathama vRkSA; nI zlokasaMkhyA 181, dvitIya gunmAjInI zlokasaMkhyA 105, tRtIya natAdAjInI zlokasaMkhyA 44, caturtha chaThThAig:nI zlokasaMkhyA 34, pAMcamA tRrg nI zlokasaMkhyA 17 ane chaThThA IncAjajInI zlokasaMkhyA 15 che. hemacaMdrAcAryanA bIjA kozo jeTalo A zabdakoza jANIto banyo nathI. traNa saMskRta kozonI racanA dvArA hemacaMdrAcArya saMskRta zabdazAstrane vyApamAM levA prayAsa karyo che. kozaracanAnI pAchaLa gujarAtanA sarasvatIpUja kone sahAyarUpa 14 ] 15 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * thavAnI temanI bhAvanA taravare che. vaLI dhanvatari, vyADi ane dhanapAlanA kozo kALakrame naSTa thayA, paraMtu enuM dohana Aje hemacaMdrAcAryanA koza dvArA ApaNane prApta thAya che. e dRSTie paNa A zabdakozanuM mahattva che. siddhahemacaMdrazabdAnuzAsana'nA AThamA adhyAyamAM maLatA prAkRta vyAkaraNane lakSamAM rAkhIne hemacaMdrAcArye 'dezInAmamAlA'nI racanA karI. vyAkaraNanA niyamAnusAra zabdo siddha thatA na hoya tema chatAM bhASAmAM prayojAtA hoya evA zabdono hemacaMdrAcArye 'dezInAmamAlAmAM saMgraha karyo. saMskRta ke prAkRta sAthe saMbaMdha na dharAvatA dezya bhASAonA zabdasaMgraha uparAMta saMskRta ane prAkRta bhASAmAM kAlagrasta athavA to taddana aparicita banI gayelA zabdo paNa AmAM saMgraha pAmyA che. vaLI jenA mULa vize saMzaya hoya tevA keTalAka zabdono paNa AmAM samAveza karavAmAM Avyo che. kula 783 gAthAmAM lagabhaga 3,978 zabdo A kozamAM saMgRhIta thayA che. graMthanI vRttimAM maLatI kumArapALanI prazastinI 10pa udAharaNa-gAthAo evo saMketa Ape che ke rAjavI tarIke kumArapALanuM varcasva pravartatuM hatuM te samaye A graMthanI racanA thaI che. noMdhapAtra bAbata e che ke AmAM jayasiMha siddharAja mATe lakhelI gAthAo bahu ochI che. caulukya tarIke kumArapALane saMbodhana karIne enI prazasti karatAM zrI hemacaMdrAcArya kahe che : "kAsijjadesaluMTaNakAhArANijjamANakaNayAI kAsAraM va buhANaM akarimaM desi cAlukka / / " (de .nA.mA., 2.28) "kAsijja (kAkasthala nAme pradeza) deza lUMTI pakhAlavALAo mAraphate ANelA suvarNane jANe sAmAnya sIsAnAM patarAM hoya tema, he caulukya, tuM vidvajjanone Ape che." A graMthanAM 'rayaNAvali', 'desIsa6 saMgraho', 'dezInAmamAlA' ane 'dezIzabdasaMgraha' jevAM nAmo maLe che. AmAM kula 3,978 zabdo ApavAmAM AvyA che, jemAM 100 tatsama zabdo, 1850 garbhita taddabhava zabdo, pa28 saMzayayukta tadbhava zabdo ane 1500 dezI zabdo che.18 'dezInAmamAlA'nuM * hemacaMdrAcArya ane temanI paraMparA * saMzodhana sauprathama DaoN. bulare kyuM. kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryanI pAse aneka dezya kozo hatA ane e kozono ullekha enI vRttimAM maLe che. Ama chatAM atyAre to hemacaMdrAcAryano 'dezInAmamAtA' e ekalo ja sAro koza gaNI zakAya. kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArya 'dezInAmamAlA'mAM abhimAnacihna, gopAla, devarAja , droNa, dhanapAla, pAdaliptAcArya, rAhula ka ane zIlAMka jevA kozakArono ullekha karyo che. prAkRta bhASAmAM vaparAtA dezya zabdonA arthanirNaya mATe A graMtha atyaMta upayogI che. A kRtinI racanA dvArA hemacaMdrAcArye ekale hAthe eka navA yugano AraMbha karyo. A 'dezInAmamAtA' mAraphate keTalAka gujarAtI zabdonI prAcInatA paNa siddha thAya tema che, AthI gujarAtI bhASAnA abhyAsIne mATe enuM parizIlana zabdo" aMge navI kSitijo ughADanAruM banI rahe ,* A graMtha tulanAtmaka bhASAzAstrIone mATe paNa mUlyavAna banyo che. zabdonuM vyApaka saMkalana ane sAhityasadarya dharAvatAM udAharaNothI dhyAna kheMcatA A kozanuM e rIte aitihAsika, sAMskRtika ane bhASAzAstrIya mahattva che. zabdazAstra ane kozanI racanA karyA bAda kaLikALasarvajJanI dRSTi kAvyazAstra tarapha vaLI, saMskRta alaMkAragraMthonI paraMparAmAM hemacaMdrAcArye 'kAvyAnuzAsana'nI racanA karI. 'kAvyAnuzAsananA mukhya traNa bhAga che : eka sUtra, bIjI vyAkhyA ane trIjI vRtti. ATha adhyAyamAM lakhAyelA A graMthamAM kula 208 sUtro che. sUtronI vyAkhyA karanArI carcA 'alaMkAracUDAmaNi'ne nAme maLe che. jyAre e vyAkhyAne vizeSa spaSTa karavA mATe 'viveka' nAmanI udAharaNa sahitanI vRtti maLe che. A sUtra, vyAkhyA ne vRtti - traNenA kartA hemacaMdrAcArya che. hemacaMdrAcArya 'faifjanAjhApuparintu'mAM darzAvyuM che tema 'TTra' jevA graMtho potAne mATe che, jyAre amuka graMtho siddharAjane mATe che tema A graMtha 'nA' mATe che. AmAM sAmAnya abhyAsIone kAvyazAstrano khyAla ApavAno hetu rahelo che. AthI ja temaNe judI judI kakSAnA abhyAsIone upayogI nIvaDe te mATe 'sUtra', * je mAMnA keTalAka zabdo joIe : - UMDuM, 34manuk - UlaTuM, kAtharanA - Uthala, Tvg? - ghAgharo, jANo - khoDo, ghaNo - khabho, uTorrf - oDhaNI, kara - udhaI, relf - gaMDerI, ziafkA - khIja , ofo - khATakI, 3gii - ukaraDI, kaf - aDada, javI - khaDakI, go - gaDha. 2 16 ] 0 17 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * 'copanATIyA' temaja 'viyevRkALi' nAmanI vistRta TIkA ApI che. A bAbata paNa temanA hetune vadhu spaSTa kare che. 'kAvyAnuzAsana'mAM rAjA kumArapALano ullekha nathI, AthI jayasiMha siddharAjanA jIvanakALamAM ja 'siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana' pachI 'kAvyAnuzAsananI racanA thaI haze. AnA ATha adhyAyamAM kAvyanuM prayojana, kavinI pratibhA, kAvyanA guNadoSa, rasa, bhAva ane guNanA prakAro, zabdAlaMkAra ane arthAlaMkAra, kAvya ane nATakanA prakAro jevA viSayonI chaNAvaTa purogAmI AlaMkArikonAM avataraNo sahita karI che. AmAM 'alaMkAracUDAmaNi'mAM 807 ane 'viveka'mAM 825 ema samagra 'kAvyAnuzAsana'mAM 1632 udAharaNo maLe che. AmAM 50 kavio ane 81 graMthono nAmollekha karavAmAM Avyo che. A darzAve che ke kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArya pAse vizALa graMthasaMcaya hato ane 'kAvyAnuzAsana'nI racanA mATe emaNe aneka graMthonuM parizIlana karyuM hatuM. AnaMdavardhana, abhinavagupta, rudraTa, rAjazekhara, mammaTa, dhanaMjaya vagere AlaMkArikonA graMthonA siddhAMtonI saMyojanA karIne temaNe 'kAvyAnuzAsana'nI racanA karI che. sarvagrAhI zikSAgraMtha banAvavAnA hetune lakSamAM rAkhIne emaNe evI kalpanA karI ke pahelAM vidyArthI 'zabdAnuzAsana' zIkhe, kozanuM jJAna meLave ane pachI kAvyaracanAmAM praveza meLavavA mATe alaMkAragraMthonI keDI para paga mUke. Ane kAraNe emaNe pUrvAcAryo karatAM alaMkAranI vyavasthA judI rIte karI che. teno vigate vicAra karIe. kAlakrame jotAM bharata mAtra cAra ja alaMkArono vyAkhyA sAthe ullekha kare che. te pachI 'viSNudharmottara' purANamAM be zabdAlaMkAra ane soLa arthAlaMkAra maLI kula aDhAra alaMkAra najare paDe che. A pachI TTi ane bhAmaha ADatrIsa alaMkAro rajU kare che, jyAre ThaMDI pAMtrIsa ane udbhaTa ekatALIsa alaMkAro batAve che. vAmana tenA 'kAvyAlaMkAra' sUtramAM tetrIsa alaMkAro Ape che, jyAre dhvanine kAvyano AtmA gaNatA AnaMdavardhana alaMkArone mArAthaH gaNI tenuM mahattva ghaTADI nAkhe che. tyArabAda rudraTa aThThAvana ane mammaTa to sAThathI paNa vadhu alaMkAro Ape che. A pachI 'taMgarasarvastha'no kartA ruSyaka paMcotera jeTalA alaMkAro vyAkhyA ane udAharaNa sAthe rajU kare che. I. sa. 1100mAM thaI gayelA ruSyaka pachI 60-70 varSe thayelA hemacaMdra paMcotera alaMkAramAMthI ogaNatrIsa alaMkAro ja Ape che. - 18 - hemacaMdrAcArya ane temanI paraMparA ja Ama hemacaMdrAcArya alaMkAranA vargIkaraNamAM vadhAre paDato vistAra na karatAM viSayane bane teTalA saMkSepamAM samAvavA prayatna kare che. teo pote ja kahe che, "nAvava evaitA vidyAH saMkSepavistAra - vivakSayA navInavIbhavanti tattatkartRkAzvocyante / " hemacaMdrAcAryanA alaMkAranirUpaNane jotAM prathama teo anevAtArathInabhUtA upamAne nirUpe che. teo temAM sAta prakAro batAve che. tyArapachI upamA jeTalA sarvavyApaka nahi, paNa kavisRSTimAMthI nIpajela utprekSAnuM nirUpaNa kare che. A pachI upamA karatAM anubhUtinI vadhu utkaTatA dharAvatA rUpaka alaMkAranI vAta kare che. AmAM teo eka-viSayarUpaka ane anekaviSayarUpaka jevA prakAro udAharaNa sahita samajAvI AhAryAvayava ane ubhayAvayavano asvIkAra kare che, jyAre nidarzanA alaMkAramAM prativastUpamA, dRSTAMta jevA alaMkArone sthAna ApavAnI sAthe mammaTanI padArthagA nidarzanAne bhUlI ja jAya che ! vaLI tene atizayoktimAM sthAna ApI bhAre goTALo pedA kare che. dIpaka alaMkAramAM teo tulyayogitA, anyonya ane mAlAdIpakano svIkAra kare che, paNa kArakadIpakano asvIkAra kare che. jyAre paryAyokti alaMkAranI hemacaMdre ApelI vyAkhyA ghaNI ja kliSTa ane arthasaMdigdhatA janmAve tevI che, je 2sagaMgAdharakAra ghaNI ja saraLa ane suMdara rIte Ape che. atizayoktimAM teo ghaNA alaMkArone tenAM aMga banAvI tenuM ghaNuM ja saMkSepamAM nirUpaNa kare che. A mATe teo 'viveka'mAM kAraNo Ape che, paNa te badhAMne ApaNe svIkArI zakatA nathI. ApekSa alaMkAramAM bahu upaprakAromAM na paDatAM teo sAdI vyAkhyA ja Ape che, jyAre sahokti jevA alaMkArane svataMtra sthAna ApavAmAM temanI sauMdaryadRSTi dekhAya che. prAcIna samayathI saMskRta kavione AkarSatA samAsokti alaMkAra sAthenA zleSanA saMbaMdhanI suMdara ane vAjabI carcA teo 'viveka'mAM kare che, tyArapachI AvatA vyatireka alaMkAramAM vizvanAthanI jema aDatAlIsa ke mammaTanI jema covIsa prakAro hemacaMdra ApatA nathI. AvA prabhedono vistAra karavo potAnA hetu mATe yogya na lAgavAthI teo mAtra ATha ja bheda Ape che, je ucita che. arthAntaranyAsa alaMkAranA nirUpaNamAM temanI maulikatA temaja aucityadRSTi dekhAI Ave che, jyAre ramaNIya evA sasandeha alaMkAranI hemacaMdrAcArye ApelI vyAkhyA 'rasagaMgAdhara'kAra jagannAthe ApI che tevI ramaNIya to nathI, - 19 -

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zabdasamIpa * paraMtu temAM sAdAI ane navInatA to che ja. A pachI apahanuti alaMkAramAM teo vyAjokti alaMkArane samAvI le che, tene juduM sthAna ApyuM hota to yogya lekhAta. tevI ja rIte paryAya ane parivRtti baMnene parivRtti nAmanA eka ja alaMkAramAM samAvI le che, temAM paNa bahu aucitya dekhAtuM nathI. vaLI ahIM A alaMkArane samAvavAnA aucityane siddha karavA jarA sarakho prayAsa paNa nathI karatA. kadAca teo saMkSiptatAnA Agrahane vaza thaIne ja Ama karatA hoya, AthI kaMIka aucityabhaMga thavA chatAM potAnuM nirUpaNa saraLa banAvavAno temano yatna che. vaLI sadaryadRSTie dhyAnapAtra evA sUkSma alaMkArano teo anumAnAlaMkAramAM samAveza karI de che. vaLI hemacaMdrAcArya uktivaicitra mujaba vividha alaMkArabhedonA prapaMcamAM paDavA nathI cAhatA, ane tethI ja virodha alaMkAramAM ATha jeTalA alaMkAro mUkI temaNe saMkSepa sAdhyo che. vaLI chellA alaMkAromAM to 'viveka 'mAM paNa teo vizada carcA karavAne badale jhaDapathI pracalita alaMkAro samajAvatA jAya che. ahIM teo mAtra jUnI paraMparAne vaLagIne abhyAsIone vadhu ne vadhu alaMkArono khyAla ApatA jaNAya che. alaMkAravivecanamAM hemacaMdrAcAryano hetu dimAtrano nirdeza karavAno jaNAya che. ahIM teo alaMkAranA vivecanane vargIkaraNanA khoTA vistAramAMthI bacAva karavA prayAsa karatA hoya tema dekhAya che. te kevaLa siddhAMta ane Avazyaka tattvonI ja carcA kare che. A mATe ja teo alaMkAranA hArdabhUta maLatApaNA ane najIkapaNAne dhyAnamAM laIne te badhAne eka alaMkAranA bhAga tarIke nirUpe che ane bahu bahu to tene eka paTAbheda gaNavA jeTalI vizeSatA Ape che. Ama karavAmAM vadhu paDato saMkSepa thaI javAno, keTalAka alaMkAronI mahattvanI vilakSaNatAne anucita gaNatva ApI devAno, eka alaMkAra nIce ApelAM udAharaNomAM bhinnatA jaNAvavAno athavA to alaMkAranI vyAkhyA vadhu paDatI sAmAnya banI javAno doSa sevavAno bhaya rahe. AthI temanuM vargIkaraNa saMpUrNapaNe svIkArya to na ja banI zake. aneka alaMkArone eka alaMkAramAM samAvavAnI bAbatamAM potAnI ruci ane amuka prakAranI vyaktigata dRSTine hemacaMdrAcArya anusare che, paNa AthI teo pUrvAcAryono anAdara kare che tevuM nathI. teo to temanI 'vivecUDAmaLi' nAmanI vistRta TIkAmAM pUrvAcAryonA RNano vAraMvAra svIkAra karatA jaNAya 20 ] * hemacaMdrAcArya ane temanI paraMparA * che. vaLI teo A TIkAmAM potAnA saMkSepane samajAvavA paNa prayatna kare che. Ama anya AlaMbarikonI koI paNa TIkA karyA vinA potAnI amuka prakAranI ruci temaja vyaktigata dRSTi pramANe alaMkAronuM vargIkaraNa karatA hemacaMdrAcAryanI prazaMsA karI zakIe tema chIe. AmAM hemacaMdrAcAryano hetu alaMkAranA vargIkaraNanI paddhatimAM saudaryadRSTie yA anya prakAre navI vyavasthA ANavAno nathI, tema ja tevo temano dAvo paNa nathI. teo to potAnA viziSTa samAja mATe pUrvavidyAone vizada rIte rajU karato graMtha taiyAra karavA mAge che ane emAM kyAreka gauNapaNe emanI pratibhAnuM darzana thAya che kharuM. hemacaMdrAcAryanI viziSTa kRti che saMskRta ane prApta 'dayAzraya". solaMkIyuganI saMskAritAne zabdabaddha karatI gujarAtanI pahelI ane zreSTha gaNAya tevI aitihAsika kAvyakRti 'zabdAnuzAsana'nAM sUtronAM dRSTAMto ApavA mATe caulukyavaMzanI kathAne temaNe viSayavastu tarIke rAkhIne 'havAzraya' kAvyanI racanA karI. vyAkaraNa ane itihAsa emAMthI ekasAthe sahajapaNe siddha thAya che tethI 'vAzraya' mahAkAvya tarIke oLakhAya che. mahAkAvyamAM maLe evAM RtuvarNana, rasavarNana ane suSTivarNana uparAMta nagara, prabhAta, yuddha , yAtrA, nadI, rAtri, parvata ke vivAhanAM varNano paNa maLe che. 'vAzraya' 'bhaTTikAvya"nuM smaraNa karAve che. pANininA vyAkaraNanA niyamonA udAharaNa rUpe rAmAyaNanI kathA laIne bhaTTi kavie racanA karI e ja rIte 'siddhahemacaMdrazabdAnuzAsana'nA vyAkaraNanA niyamonAM udAharaNa ApavA mATe mULarAja solaMkIthI kumArapALanA samaya sudhInA itihAsane kathAvastu tarIke laIne hemacaMdrAcArye 'yAzraya'nI racanA karI. caulukya vaMzanuM Alekhana thayuM hovAthI etihAsika dRSTie A kRtinuM ghaNuM moTuM mulya che ane tethI A kRti 'caulukyavaMzotkIrtana' nAma paNa dharAve che. e yuganI sAmAjika, dhArmika ane rAjakIya paristhitinuM mArmika pratibiMba A kAvyakRtimAM jhilAyuM che. saMskRta 'huvAzraya'nA 14mA sarga sudhIno bhAga jayasiMha siddharAjanA jIvanakALa sudhImAM (artho vi. saM. 1199mAM) pUrNa karyo haze ema mAnI zakAya. jyAre kumArapALanA caritrane AlekhatuM prAkRta 'dvayAzraya" eka svataMtra prAkRta mahAkAvya gaNAyuM che. 0 21 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * vyAkaraNanI viziSTatA darzAvavA mATe racavAmAM AvelA saMskRta 'yAzraya nA zlokomAM siddharAjanAM parAkramonuM kAvyamaya varNana maLe che, paraMtu kyAreka vyAkaraNa sAthe itihAsa ke kavitvano meLa besato nathI. saMskRta 'dayAzraya' kAvya e gujarAtanI asmitAnuM tejasvI kAvya che. mahAkavi kAlidAse "raghuvaMzamAM raghukuLanI kIrtine akSaraamara karI dIdhI to saMskRta ane prAkRta 'cAzraya'mAM hemacaMdrAcArye caulukyavaMzanI kIrtine akSaradeha Apyo. gujarAtI bhASA, gujarAtI saMskAritA ane gujarAtI asmitAno AlAdaka triveNIsaMgama A kRtie racI Apyo. gujarAtanI ramaNIo, yoddhAo, utsavo, medAnanuM zaurya ane dariyAnuM sAhasa - e badhuM darzAvIne hemacaMdrAcArya 'dhUmaketunA zabdomAM kahIe to "prajAne mahAna thavAnI jANe hamezAM dIkSA ApI rahyA hoya tema lAge che."20 kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArye potAnI kalpanAthI sarjeluM eka mahAna gujarAta 'yAzraya"mAM pragaTa thAya che. gujarAtanI samRddhi, vIratA, saMskAritA ane viziSTatAnI guNagAthA gAIne A svapnadraSTA AvatIkAlanA gujarAtanI jhAMkhI Ape che. temAM hemacaMdrAcAryanuM gujarAtI tarIkenuM gaurava, anya dharmo prati audArya ane sAhityAcAryanI uccAzayI bhAvanA pade pade pragaTa thAya che. eka sAcA itihAsakArane chAje te rIte pAyA, purAvA ke AdhAra vinAnI ghaTanAone tyajIne mAtra aitihAsika prasaMgonuM Akalana karyuM che. emaNe caulukyavaMzanuM yazagAna karyuM che, paraMtu aitihAsikatAnI bhUmi oLaMgIne nahi athavA to atizayoktimAM sarI jaIne nahi. koI paNa prasaMga kalpita rIte saryo nathI ke koI paNa kaMThopakaMTha jaLavAyelI vAtane yogya saMzodhana vinA svIkArI nathI. kaLikALasarvajJanI saMpradAyAtIta pratibhA 'kyAzraya'mAM khIlI UThI che. AmAM vaidika sAhitya, judAM judAM purANo, paurANika AkhyAyikAo ane anya dharmazAstronAM udAharaNo maLe che. yajJa ane devatAono paNa emane sAro evo paricaya che. A bAbato emanI bahuzrutatA ane vyApaka dRSTinuM ghAtaka gaNAya. saMskRta 'huvAzrayamAM kavitAnI apekSAe itihAsanuM prAdhAnya jovA maLe che, to prAkRta 'cIzraya'mAM kAvyatattvanuM prAdhAnya jovA maLe che. 'siddhahemacaMdrazabdAnuzAsana'mAM sAta adhyAyamAM saMskRta 'cIzraya'nI racanA thaI, to AThamA 22 * hemacaMdrAcArya ane temanI paraMparA * adhyAyamAM ApelA prAkRta bhASAnA vyAkaraNanA niyamono dRSTAMtarUpe 'prAkRta dvayAzraya" mahAkAvyanI racanA thaI. rAjA kumArapALanA jIvananI keTalIka ghaTanAo AlaMbana tarIke levAmAM AvI hovAthI A kRtine 'mArapAna rata' kahevAmAM Ave che. ATha sarga dharAvatI A kRtinA prathama cha sargamAM mahArASTrIya prokRtenAM udAharaNo ane niyamo darzAvyAM che. bAkInA be sargomAM zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI, cUlikArpazAcI ane apabhraMza bhASAnAM udAharaNa maLe che. ATha sarganI Azare 347 gAthAmAM aNahilapurapATaNa, jinapratimA, kumArapALanA vijayo, jaina dharmanA siddhAMtonI gaveSaNA tathA zrutadevIno kumArapALane apAyelo upadeza AlekhavAmAM AvyAM che. zrutadevIno upadeza je rIte kRtimAM vaNI levAyo che. tenAthI kRtinI kAvyamayatA mahorI UThI che. temAM zAMta, zRMgAra ane vIrarasanuM manabhara Alekhana maLe che. vIrarasanuM prAdhAnya hovA chatAM anya rasono tenI sAthe subhaga samanvaya sadhAyo che. bhASAnuM svAbhAvika mAdhurya ane varNanonI citrAtmaktA kAvyarasikanA hRdayane sparzI jAya che. vaLI AmAM kavie upamA, ukSA, dIpaka, dRSTAMta, rUpaka ane atizayokti jevA alaMkAronI suMdara yojanA karI che. A badhuM joIne ja "prAkRta yIzraya'nA TIkAkAra pUrNakalazagaNi AraMbhe ja bolI UThe che - 'yA prAkRtavyAkaraNaM nu zabdaiH sAhityasarvasvamivArthabhagayA / sa vyAzrayaH kAvyamanalpabuddhi-jJeyaH kathaM mAdRza eva gamyaH / / ' zabdoe karIne je prAkRta vyAkaraNa che; ane arthanI dRSTie je saMpUrNa sAhityarUpa che - te bahu buddhivALAothI samajAya tevuM vAzrayakAvya mArA jevAne kyAMthI samajAya ?" A baMne mahAkAvyamAM paraMparAnusArI suMdara varNano ane alaMkArayojanA jovA maLe che. paraMtu baMnemAM saMskRta mahAkAvyamAM apekSita nAyakanA sarvAgI caritranirUpaNanI zarata A kRti saMtoSe che ema bhAgye ja kahI zakAya. gujarAtanI asmitA, tejasvitA ane sattvazIlatA mATe A kAvyanuM kathAvastu cirasmaraNIya raheze. ApaNe mATe durbhAgyanI bAbata e che ke 'saMskRta vaMcIzraya' mahAkAvyanuM sva. maNilAla nabhubhAI dvivedIe kareluM bhASAMtara Aje aprApya che ane 'prAkRta thAzraya'nuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara hajI sudhI thayuM nathI. 23 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra' eTale tresaTha zalAkApuruSonAM caritra. bhagavAna RSabhadevathI mAMDIne mahAvIra svAmI sudhInA covIsa tIrthaMkara; bharata, sagara, sanatakumAra, subhUma, harirSaNa jevA bAra cakravartI; kRSNa, tripRSTha, svayaMbhU, datta, nArAyaNa vagere nava vAsudeva; acala, vijaya, sudarzana, AnaMda, rAma ane naMdana vagere nava baLadeva: rAvaNa, pralAda, jarAsaMdha, bali vagere nava prati vAsudevaema kula tresaTha zalAkApuruSonAM caritro A kAvyagraMthamAM AlekhAyAM che. je mahApuruSonA mokSa vize have saMdeha nathI evA prabhAvaka puruSone zalAkApuruSa tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. kumArapALa mahArAjAnI vinaMtI svIkArIne mahAbhArata ane purANonI barAbarI karI zake tevo 36000thI vadhu zlokomAM lakhAyelo A kAvyagraMtha che. A kAvyagraMthanI racanA anuTupa chandamAM dasa parvomAM karavAmAM AvI che. prathama parvamAM RSabhadeva tIrthaMkara ane bharata cakravartInuM jIvana varNavAyuM che ane chellA dasamA parvamAM mahAvIra svAmInuM caritra vigate nirUpAyuM che. vizALa sAgara jevA A graMthamAM mahApuruSonAM caritro uparAMta bIjI aneka nAnI-moTI paurANika AkhyAyikAo che. itihAsa ane tattvajJAna, dhArmika ane sAmAjika utsavo, rItarivAjo, dezasthiti, lokonI rItabhAta ane gujarAtanI paristhiti vagerenuM tAdRza nirUpaNa thayuM che. zrI motIcaMda kApaDiyAe noMdhyuM che ke A graMtha sAdhaMta vAMcavAmAM Ave to saMskRta bhASAnA AkhA kozano abhyAsa thaI jAya tevI racayitAe enI goThavaNa karI che.' 'triSaSTi zalAkApuruSacaritra' eTale jaina kathAnako, itihAsa, paurANika kathAo, jena saMpradAyanA siddhAMto ane tattvajJAnano sarvasaMgraha, 'huyAzraya' karatAM A graMthamAM racayitAe vizeSa vaividhya sAdhyuM che ane AnI racanA uttarAvasthAmAM thaI hovAthI eka prakAranI prauDhatA paNa temAM jovA maLe che. AnI prazastimAM mahArAjA kumArapALe zrI hemacaMdrasUrine nIce pramANe vinaMtI karI : pUrve mArA pUrvaja siddharAjanI bhaktiyukta yAcanAthI Ape vRttithI yukta evuM sAMga vyAkaraNa raceluM che, temaja mAre mATe nirmaLa yogazAstra raceluM che ane lokone mATe krayAzrayakAvya, chandonuzAsana, kAvyAnuzAsana ane nAmasaMgraha pramukha bIjAM zAstro paNa racelAM che. he svAmI, joke tame svayameva lokonA upara | upakAra karavAne arthe sajja thayA cho, tathApi mArI prArthanA che ke mArA jevA manuSyone pratibodha thavAne mATe Apa triSaSTizalAkApuruSonAM caritane prakAza * hemacaMdrAcArya ane temanI paraMparA * A rIte dharmopadezanA prayojanathI graMthanI racanA hemacaMdrAcArye karI che. uttarAvasthAmAM Avo virATa graMtha racavo te koI sAmAnya bAbata nathI. dhArmika dRSTie AmAMthI jaina dharma, tattvajJAna ane praNAlIno paricaya prApta thAya che. to aitihAsika dRSTie paNa dasamA parvanA be vibhAgo atyaMta upayogI che. chanda, alaMkAra, kAvyazAstra ke zabdazAstranI dRSTie A mahAkAvya abhyAsIone mabalakha sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. kavinA mukhethI kAvyapaMktio chandobaddha vANImAM keTalI saraLa ane pravAhI rIta vahetI haze tenI pratIti A mahAkAvya karAve che. zrI madhusudana modI noMdhe che, "hemacaMdrAcAryanuM kalikAlasarvajJanuM biruda A ekalo graMtha paNa siddha karI zake evo e vizALa, gaMbhIra, sarvadarzI che." 23 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra'nI racanA karyA pachI hemacaMdrAcArye tera sargamAM 'pariziSTa parvanI racanA karI. A graMthamAM emaNe pUrvAcAryoe racelA graMthono AdhAra laI AmAMnI ghaNI mAhitI ekatrita karI lIdhI che. AmAM bhagavAna mahAvIranA nirvANa pachInA sudharmasvAmI, jaMbusvAmI, bhadrabAhusvAmI, vajasvAmI vagere jainaparaMparAnA sAdhuono vRttAMta bIjI aneka nAnImoTI kathAo sAthe varNavavAmAM Avyo che. zreNika, saMpati, caMdragupta, azoka vagere rAjAono itihAsa emaNe temAM gUMthI lIdho che. 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra'nA dasa parva pachI enA ja anusaMdhAnamAM e ja zailIe lakhAyelAM A caritrone graMthakartAe 'pariziSTaparva' tarIke oLakhAvyAM che. pro. yAkobI A graMthane 'sthavirAvali' tarIke oLakhAve che. paraMtu sAmAnya rIte 'pariziSTa parva" tarIke te vadhu jANItuM che. AmAMnAM kathAnako hemacaMdrAcArye anya graMthomAMthI lIdhAM che, paraMtu ene kAvyanuM mAdhurya ane kAvyanuM svarUpa hemacaMdrAcArya ApyuM che. jaMbusvAmIthI AraMbhI vajasena sudhInA paTTadharonI kathA ane AnuSaMgika aitihAsika kathAnako padyarUpe hemacaMdrAcArye ApyAM che, je temanuM asAdhAraNa padyaracanAkauzala darzAve che. AmAM samAviSTa keTalIka lokakathAo ane amuka dRSTAMto atyaMta rasadAyaka che. jaina paTTadharonA itihAsanI dRSTie paNa tenuM mahattva che. anuchupa chaMdamAM kula 3450 zloko ApyA che. jaMbusvAmI ane sthULabhadranAM caritro dhyAnapAtra che. AmAM mAtra AcAryonI nAmAvali ApavAne badale ene saMbaMdhita nAnI-moTI kathAo paNa mUkI che. | 'pramANamImAMsA' e hemacaMdrAcAryano pramANazAstra vizeno pAMca adhyAyano 0 25 ] karo, kara 2 24 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * graMtha che. AmAM pramANalakSaNa, pramANavibhAga, parokSalakSaNa, parAthanumAna, hetvAbhAsa, vAdalakSaNo vagerenI pAribhASika carcA jainasUtrasiddhAMto ane jaina nyAyazAstrane lakSamAM rAkhIne karavAmAM AvI che. A graMtha emanA samayamAM vAdAnuzAsana tarIke oLakhAto hato. tenA para pote ja TIkA lakhI. joke atyAre to bIjA adhyAyanA prathama Anika sudhIno bhAga ja prApya che. A kRti apUrNa hovAne kAraNe zrI hemacaMdrAcAryanI chellI kRti haze tevuM anumAna thaI zake kharuM ? lokahitanI dRSTie racAyelA A graMthanI saMpUrNa prata prApta thAya to chaye darzananuM hemacaMdrAcAryanA jJAnanuM navanIta pAmI zakAya. siddhasena divAkara ane haribhadrasUrinI satyazodhaka dRSTi hemacaMdrAcAryamAM hatI enI pratIti A graMtha karAve che. zrI madhusUdana modI 'vAdAnuzAsana' ane 'pramANamImAMsA' e baMne kRtio eka hovAnI saMbhAvanAno saMketa kare che. sUtrazailIe racAyelA A graMthane akSapAda gautamanAM nyAyasUtro pramANe ene AnikomAM vaheMcI dIdho che. paMDita sukhalAlajIe hemacaMdrAcAryanI 'pramANamImAMsA'nuM samartha saMpAdana karyuM che. hemacaMdrAcAryanI 'pramANamImAMsA'mAM purogAmI AcAryo sAthe jyAM saMmati hoya tyAM emanAM vacanomAM pheraphAra karavAnI emanI lekhanapraNAlI nathI. jyAM purogAmI AcAryonAM vidhAnomAM sudhArovadhAro karyo che tyAM emanI vedhaka dRSTino paricaya maLe che. sIdhI, saraLa ane sacoTa zailImAM lakhAyelo 'pramANamImAMsA no A graMtha jaina nyAyanA abhyAsIone mATe AzIrvAdarUpa gaNAya. AmAM anekAMtavAda tathA nayavAdanuM zAstrIya nirUpaNa ApaNuM dhyAna kheMce che. paramasahiSNutAnI dRSTi darzanaja gata ane tarkasAhityane 'pramANamImAMsA mAMthI sAMpaDe che. saMpradAyanI vRddhi arthe lakhAyelo A graMtha e rIte saMpradAyAtIta banI jAya che. yuvAna vayamAM ajJAtavAsane kAraNe kumArapALane aneka sAdhuono samAgama thayo ane tethI yoga para prIti jAgI. pacAsa varSanI vaye gAdI para AvelA kumArapALanI yogazAstranI jijJAsAne paritRpta karavA mATe hemacaMdrAcArya 'yogazAstranI racanA karI hatI. graMtharacanAnuM nimitta kumArapALa hovA chatAM teno hetu to "bhavyajanone bodha maLe "tevo rAkhavAmAM Avyo ane tethI saraLa bhASAmAM rocaka dRSTAMto sAthe pote tenI vistRta TIkA racI. zAstra, sadgurunI vANI ane AtmAnubhava - e traNa 'yogazAstranI racanAnAM sAdhano banyAM. AcArya anubhavasiddha ane zAstranizcita mArga ja darzAve e rIte 29 * hemacaMdrAcArya ane temanI paraMparA * hemacaMdrAcArye A zAstranI racanA yogasiddhAMtane vizvasanIya rIte pratipAdana karavAnI pratijJA sAthe karI. gRhasthajIvanane utkarSakAraka kramamAMthI pasAra karI tene yogamaya jIvanamAM laI javuM te yogazAstrano hetu che. hemacaMdrAcArye tenA mArgadarzanarU5 rocaka upadeza aneka pracalita vArtAo gUMthIne Apyo che. upadezanI vyApakatA ane sarvagamyatAe A graMthane anyadharmIomAM paNa priya banAvyo che. A 'yogazAstra' be bhAgamAM vibhakta che. ekathI cAra prakAzanA enA prathama bhAgamAM gRhasthane upayogI evA dharmano upadeza karavAmAM Avyo che. bIjA bhAgamAM arthAt pAMcathI bAra prakAzamAM prANAyAma Adi yoganA viSayono nirdeza karavAmAM Avyo che. A bAra prakAzamAM 1013 zloko mUkavAmAM AvyA che. hemacaMdrAcArye yogazAstra para pote ja vRtti lakhI che. ane temAM emaNe mahAbhArata, manusmRti, upaniSado vagere graMthanAM avataraNo ApyAM che. potAnA guru devacaMdrasUrinA graMthamAMthI paNa avataraNo lIdhAM che. jo ke Avo koI graMtha hAla upalabdha nathI, A 'yogazAstrane adhyAtmaupaniSada kahevAmAM Ave che. A 'yogazAstramAM vividha dRSTAMto sahita yoganA viSayanuM saraLa ane rocaka nirUpaNa maLe che. mArgAnusArInA pAMtrIsa guNo, samyaktvanAM lakSaNo, mahAvrato, aNuvrato, saMsAranuM svarUpa, kaSAyo, bAra bhAvanA, maitrI vagere cAra bhAvanA; darzana, jJAna ane cAritryanI ekatA, svapno, parakAyApraveza jevI siddhio tathA yama, niyama, prANAyAma, dhAraNA, dhyAna Adi viSayonI vizada carcA karavAmAM AvI che. vaLI pataMjalinA "aSTAMgayoga'no sAdhuonAM mahAvrato temaja gRhasthonAM bAra vratonI sAthe sumeLa sAdhyo che. A kRtine aMte kaLikALasarvajJa potAnA AtmAne kevo mArmika upadeza Ape che ! 'tAMstAnAparamezvarAdapi parAn bhAvaiH prasAdaM nayaMstaistaistattadupAyamUDha bhagavannAtman kimAyAsyasi / hantAtmAnamapi prasAdaya manAmyenAsatAM saMpadA sAmrAjyaM parame'pi tejasi tava prAjyaM samujjRmbhate / / he upAyamUDha, he bhagavAnuM, he Atmanu, paramezvarathI judA judA bhAvo mATe zA mATe zrama karyA kare che ? jo tuM AtmAne thoDo prasanna kare to A saMpattio zI visAtamAM che ? tArA parama tejanI aMdara ja vizALa sAmrAjya vyApI raheluM che. araka 2 27 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * jaina tattvajJAna ane jaina AcArane darzAvato "yogazAstra' graMtha rAjA kumArapALane khUba gamI gayo hato. potAnA jIvananA aMtakALa sudhI emaNe evo niyama rAkhyAnuM kahevAya che ke savAre 'yogazAstra' graMthano pATha-svAdhyAya karyA pachI ja dinacaryAno AraMbha karavo. pataMjalinA yogasUtra" ane hemacaMdrAcAryanA 'yogazAstramAM viSaya, vicAra ane AlekhananI bhinnatA hovA chatAM e baMnenuM sAmya tulanAtmaka abhyAsano viSaya banI rahyo che. hemacaMdrAcArya pAsethI stotra prakAranI keTalIka racanAo maLe che. keTalAMka stotra bhaktithI ArTa che to keTalAMka tarkayukta prauDhithI lakhAyelAM nArikelapAka samAM stotra che. hemacaMdrAcAryanI stotraracanAmAM lAgaNIno uddhaka ja nathI, balka utkaTa lAgaNI sAthe jJAnane chAjato saMyama sumizrita thayelo che. AmAM emanI daDha zraddhA paNa pratIta thAya che. emanI A zraddhA tattvajJAnanI UMDI samaja ane adhyAtma-anubhavathI rasAyelI che ane AthI teo 'ayogavyavacchedikAdvatrizikA'mAM kahe che : "he vIra, kevaLa zraddhAthI tArA pratye pakSapAta nathI ke kevaLa dveSane lIdhe parasaMpradAyI pratye aruci nathI; yogya rIte AtmatvanI parIkSA karyA pachI ja sarvazaktimAna evA tamAro Azraya lIdho che."27 Ama UMDA manana ane tarkanI kasoTIe emaNe jinadarzananI parIkSA karI che ane pachI ja eno prabhAva gAyo che. 'ayogavyavacchedikAAtrizikA" ane 'anyayogavyavacchedaddhAtrizikA' nAmanI be dvAtrizikA lakhI che te siddhasena divAkaranI evI kRtionI racanAnI zailIe lakhI che. 32 zlokanI A racanAomAM baMnemAM 31 zloka upajAti chaMdamAM ane chello zloka zikhariNI chaMdamAM che. A baMnemAM bhagavAna mahAvIranI stuti ApavAmAM AvI che. AnuM stutinI dRSTie jeTaluM mahattva che tethI vizeSa mahattva emAMnA kAvyatva mATe che. A baMne batrIsIo tattvajJAnathI garbhita che ane temAM judAM judAM darzanonI jhINavaTabharI samIkSA hovAthI buddhivAdIone te vizeSa game che. tenuM racanAkauzala ane bhASAlAlitya paNa dhyAna kheMce che. 'ayogavyavacchedikAkAtrizikA'mAM emaNe jainadarzananI vigatapUrNa ane vizeSatAbharI mahattA darzAvI che. emaNe kahyuM che ke vItarAgathI caDhiyAtuM koI darzana nathI ane anekAnta vinA bIjo koI zreSTha 0 28 ] * hemacaMdrAcArya ane temanI paraMparA * nyAyamArga nathI. A stotramAM anya matavAdIonA zAstrane sadoSa TharAvIne tejasvI vANImAM jinazAsananI mahattA darzAvI che. A stotranA aMte emanI samadarzitA vyakta kare che ane jinazAsana ja prAmANika hoIne tenuM gaurava darzAve che. AmAM saraLa ane madhura zabdomAM bhagavAna mahAvIra pratyenI bhakti ane jinazAsananI guNaArAdhanA karavAmAM AvI che. 'anyayogavyavacchedadAtrizikAmAM bhagavAna mahAvIranA atizayo varNavIne pachI nyAya, vaizeSika, mImAMsA, vedAnta, sAMkhya, bauddha ane cArvAka e anya darzanonI samIkSA karyA pachI jainadarzananA syAdvAdanI mahattA darzAvI che. A kRti upara 14mI sadImAM malliSaNe 'syAdvAdamaMjarI' nAme TIkA lakhI je A stotranI dArzanika prauDhine sacoTa rIte batAvI Ape che. jainasiddhAMtanA abhyAsIo mATe A 'sAdvAdamaMjarI'nuM ananya mahattva che. A baMne dvAtrizikA karatAM 'vItarAgastotra'no prakAra judo che. 'vItarAgastotra'mAM bhaktibhAvathI UchaLatuM hRdaya pragaTa thAya che. vIsa vibhAgamAM vaheMcAyelA "vItarAgastotranA dareka vibhAgane 'prakAza' evuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che ane enA vIsa prakAzamAM kula 188 zloko che. AmAM kyAMka kyAMka hemacaMdrAcAryanI dArzanika pratibhA pragaTe che, paNa mukhyatve to emAM bhaktahRdaya ja pragaTa thAya che. A stotranI racanA kumArapALa rAjA mATe karI hatI. 'vItarAgastotra' bhaktinuM eka madhura kAvya banI gayuM che. bhaktinI sAthe jainadarzana paNa temAM anusmRta che. emanI samanvayAtmaka ane vyApaka dRSTino paricaya paNa thAya che. AmAM rasa, AnaMda ane Arjava che. eka sthaLe teo kahe che : he nAtha, sadAya mArAM netro ApanA mukhanA darzanathI prApta thatA sukhanI lAlasAvALAM thAya; mArA be hAtha tamArI upAsanA karanArA, ane mArA kAna sadAya tamArA guNane sAMbhaLanArA thAva ! kuMThita hoya toya paNa, tArA guNane grahaNa karavA pratye jo mArI A vANI utkaMThita thAya to te vANI kharekhara zubha hajo ! bIjA prakAranI vANIno zo upayoga che ! huM Apano bhUtya chuM, dAsa chuM; kiMkara chuM; 'sAruM' ema kahIne he nAtha, tuM mAro svIkAra kara ! AnAthI vadhAre huM kaheto nathI !" ra9 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * A AkhuMya stotra anuTupa chaMdamAM vahe che ane bhaktino eka madhura anubhava karAve che. AthI ja stotra sAhityamAM A hRdayasparzI stotra UMcuM sthAna dharAve che. jo mahAdeva viraktivALA hoya, vItarAga hoya to te amAre mana jina ja che evA bhAva sAthe kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryanuM anuSTrapa ane AryA chaMdamAM lakhAyeluM 44 zlokonuM A stotra agAunAM traNa stotra jevI praDhi dharAvatuM nathI. Ano chello zloka AryA chaMdamAM lakhAyelo che. haribhadrasUrie mahAdevASTaka lakhyuM hatuM e ja praNAlIne anusarIne hemacaMdrAcArye A ja stotra lakhyuM hoya e saMbhavita che, mahAdevanuM svarUpa kevuM hovuM joIe te vividha lakSaNo vaDe darzAvyuM che. siddharAja hemacaMdrAcArya somanAthanA maMdiramAM gayA hatA tyAre Ano chevaTano zloka somanAthanI pUjA vakhate kahyo hato tema prabaMdhakAronuM mAnavuM che. A zloka che : 'bhava bIjAkurajananAM rAgAcA kSayamupAgatA yasya / brahmA vA viSNurvA, haro jino vA namastasmai / / janmarUpI bIjanA aMkurane janma ApanArA rAgAdi jenA kSaya pAmyA che te brahmA, viSNu, ziva ke jina tene namaskAra hajo !!29 A uparAMta rUpa zlokonuM 'sakalAhaMtu stotra' maLe che, jemAM mukhyatve tIrthakaronI stuti che. A badhI kRtio uparAMta 'ahaMnnAmasamuccaya', 'ahaMnnIti' jevI keTalIka saMdigdha kRtio hemacaMdrAcAryane nAme caDelI maLe che temaja 'anekArthazeSa', 'pramANazAstra', 'zeSasaMgrahanAmamAtA', 'saptasaMdhAna mahAkAvya' jevI kaLikALasarvajJanI racelI gaNAtI anupalabdha kRtio koI saMzodhakanI rAha joIne beThI che. A samaye paM. becaradAsajInAM A vacano yAda Ave che : "emaNe racelA keTalAka apUrva graMtho to Aje maLatA paNa nathI e AjanA gujarAtIne zaramAvanAruM nathI ? je mahApuruSe aneka graMtho lakhI gujarAtanI, gujarAtanA rAjAnI ane vidyAnI pratiSThA vadhArI temanA graMthone jatanathI jALavIsAcavI-saMbhALI rAkhavA jeTaluM paNa sAmarthya AjanA A bekadara gujarAtIe khoI nAkhyuM che; eTaluM ja nahi paNe A jainanAmadhArIo - jeo temanA pAkA anuyAyI hovAno phAMko rAkhe che temane paNa tenI kyAM paDI che ? 1 30 ] * hemacaMdrAcArya ane temanI paraMparA * hA, eTaluM kharuM. AcAryane nAme be nagArAM, be zaraNAIo jaino jarUra vagaDAvavAnA ane kokavAra moDhAM paNa mIThAM karavAnAM, paNa temanI arasaMpatti kyAM kema daTAI che teno bhAva sarakho paNa pUchaze kharA ?" I. sa. 1939nI lmI eprila ane ravivAre pATaNamAM yojAyelA hemasArasvata satranA pramukhasthAnethI vaktavya ApatAM zrI kanaiyAlAla munazIe kahyuM hatuM ke have bhaMDAramAM bhareluM jJAna duniyAbharamAM pharatuM karavAnuM che.' kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA jotAM jaNAya che ke teo saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza bhASAnA mahAna sarjaka, saMgrAhaka ane saMyojaka hatA. emanI racanAomAM eka bAju potIkI asmitA, solaMkIyuganI garimA ane sarasvatIpUjakanI yuyutsA pragaTa thAya che to bIjI bAju tarka, vicAra, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, darzana sudhIno vyApa maLe che. kavi, saMpAdaka, kozakAra, vyAkaraNazAstrI, itihAsakAra ane samAja sudhArakathI mAMDIne yoganAM UMcAM zikharo sudhI emanI dRSTi phelAyelI che ane badhe ja emanI pratibhA samarthapaNe vihare che. emano vipula graMthabhaMDAra vizALa jJAnakoza ja lAge. emanI kRtio eTalI badhI che ke koI eka vyakti AjIvana nahi ba keTalIye vyaktio e kasAthe maLIne jIvanabhara saMzodhana kare eTaluM racanAsAmarthya emAM che. kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryanuM gaMbhIra jJAna, ucca sAdhutA, sva-parazAstromAM pAraMgatatA, vyavahArakuzaLatA ane rAjanaitika dAtA dRSTigocara thAya che. emaNe vidvattA sAthenI sAdhutAnI UMcI kiMmata aMkAvI. hemacaMdrAcAryanA ziSya devacaMdranA zabdomAM kahIe to "fthaufmoniyatraMthamaMgiri: zrI hemacandrA guru: " che. vi. saM. 1229mAM kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArya kALadharma pAmyA. e aMge 'kIrtikaumudI'no racayitA somezvara kahe che, "tha vitAve fzratathati zrIma ranne vivam | arthAt hemasUrino svargavAsa thatAM vidvattA AzrayavihoNI banI jAya che. 84 varSanI vaye kaLikALasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcArye emanuM akSarajIvana saMkelI lIdhuM, paraMtu emanuM vipula akSarajIvana jotAM AdarapUrNa Azcarya sivAya bIjo koI bhAva thato nathI. Ama, hemacaMdrAcAryanA samayamAM vidyA, vivekapUrNa jIvanasaMskAra ane sAhityanI eka evI AbohavAnuM sarjana thayuM ke jenI cirasthAyI asara 0 31 ]

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* zabdasamIpa gujarAtanI sAhityika, sAmAjika, dhArmika ane sAMskRtika zailImAM pragaTa thaI. hemacaMdrAcAryanI paraMparAno vicAra karIe to sauprathama emanA ziSyamaMDaLanuM smaraNa thAya. emanA ziSya rAmacaMdre potAnA guru hemacaMdrAcAryanI mAphaka upalabdha sAhityano saMcaya ane dohana karavAnI paraMparA anusAra 'nATyadarpaNa' lakhyuM. rAmacaMdre lakheluM A 'nATyadarpaNa' nATyazAstra para AMgaLIne veDhe gaNAya teTalA saMskRta graMthomAM sthAna dharAve che. AmAM emaNe 44 nATakonAM avataraNo uddhRta karyAM che, te keTalAMka lupta nATakonI oLakha mATe mahattvanAM banI rahyAM che. nATyazAstra, rasazAstra ane abhinayakalA vizenAM rAmacaMdranAM praNAlikAbhaMjaka vidhAno emanI maulika vicAradhArA darzAve che. emaNe nATya ane abhinayanAM vividha aMgonuM vyavahAru dRSTie avalokana karyuM che. zabdazAstra, nyAyazAstra ane kAvyazAstranA 'trividyavedI' rAmacaMdranI sAhityapravRtti emanA samayamAM sAhityasarjanamAM sauthI vizALa ane vaividhyapUrNa che. e samaye gujarAtamAM lakhAyelAM bAvIsa jeTalAM nATakomAMthI aDadhAM nATako ekalA rAmacaMdraracita che. rAmacaMdre lakhelA graMthomAM 'nATyadarpaNa', 'satyaharizcaMdra', 'nirbhaya bhImavyAyoga', 'kaumudImitrANanda' ane 'nalavilAsa' prasiddha che. 'satyaharizcaMdra'nuM I.sa. 1913mAM iTAliyana bhASAmAM thayeluM bhASAMtara maLe che. rAmacaMdranI eka AgavI vizeSatA e che ke emaNe dhArmika karatAM vizeSa sAmAjika viSayaAdhArita sAhitya sarjya che ane potAnAM keTalAMka nATakonuM vastu lokakathAmAMthI lIdhuM che. e samaye rAmacaMdranAM nATako bhajavAtAM haze ane viSaya lokagamya bhASAnI saraLatA, racanAnI pravAhitA ane prasaMgayogya rasaniSpattine kAraNe lokapriya thayAM haze ema mAnI zakAya. * kavi rAmacaMdranA guru bhAI ane temanI sAhityika pravRttimAM aneka prakAre sahAya karanAra guNacaMdre 'nAcadarpaNa' ane 'dravyAlaMkAravRtti' jevA gaMbhIra ane vidvattApUrNa graMtho taiyAra karavAmAM emane sAtha Apyo hato ane baMnee sAthe kArya karyuM hatuM. hemacaMdrAcAryanA cAra koza para emanA ziSya mahendrasUrie lakhelI TIkA maLe che. A uparAMta zrI hemacaMdrAcAryanA ziSyomAM vardhamAnagaNie lakhelI 'kumAravihAra' prazasti, devacaMdre lakheluM 'caMdralekhAvijayaprakaraNa' nATaka, udayacaMdre lakhelA 'upadezagraMtha'nI vigato, yazazcaMdranI racanAo vize prabaMdhomAM maLatA .32] * hemacaMdrAcArya ane temanI paraMparA * ullekho tathA bAlacaMdranI 'snAtasyA' jevI racanAo maLe che. rAjA kumArapALa pachI asahiSNu ajayapALa gAdIe Avyo tene pariNAme hemacaMdrAcAryanI A ziSyamaMDaLI vizeSa pradAna karI zakI nahIM, paraMtu A sarvamAM rAmacaMdra AgavuM sthAna dharAve che. graMthasarjana mATe Thera TherathI hastaprato maMgAvavAnI hemacaMdrAcAryanI bhAvanAne kAraNe graMthabhaMDAromAM rahelI hastapratonuM mahattva samajAyuM ane ene pariNAme gujarAtanA sAhityavArasAnuM vyavasthita jatana ane saMvardhana thayuM. AthI Aje ApaNane 12mIthI 19mI sadI sudhInA gujarAtI bhASA-sAhityono dasakAvAra itihAsa maLI zake che. jagatanAM bhASA-sAhityomAM AvI vipula sAhityasamRddhinAM virala dRSTAMta maLe che. bhAratIya AryakuLanI ekamAtra siMhAlI sivAya koI bhASAno Avo tabakkAvAra itihAsa sAMpaDato nathI. vaLI jaina bhaMDAromAM jainetara kRtio sacavAI che. kAvya, kAvyazAstra ane anya darzananA graMtho paNa maLe che. jyAre A graMthabhaMDAromAMthI 'kAnhaDade prabaMdha' jevI jainetara kRtio paNa maLe che. graMthabhaMDAronA mudrita graMthasaMgrahamAM gItA, upaniSada jevI kRtio maLe che. A bAbatano ghaNo moTo lAbha UgatI ane vikasatI gujarAtI bhASAne maLyo. AthI Aje ApaNane madhyakAlIna samayamAM thayelA 1,600 jeTalA jaina ane 500 jeTalA jainetara kavionI vigato prApya che. 3,000 jeTalI jaina kRtio maLe che. ajJAta kartRka jaina bAlAvabodho paNa vipula saMkhyAmAM maLe che. gujarAtI bhASA aMge vicArIe to hemacaMdrAcArya-racita apabhraMza vyAkaraNathI AraMbhIne gujarAtI bhASA sudhInI paraMparA joI zakAya. A apabhraMza vyAkaraNane gurjara apabhraMza sAthe koI pratyakSa saMbaMdha nathI. paraMtu emAM tatkAlIna lokabolInI chAMTa AvI che, pariNAme apabhraMza vyAkaraNamAMthI maLatAM bhASAprakriyAnAM cAra valaNo gujarAtI bhASAnI pUrvabhUmikA rUpe joI zakAya. hemacaMdrIya apabhraMzamAM jovA maLatuM saMyukta vyaMjanane ekavaDo karavAnuM ane keTalIka vAra pUrvano hrasva svara dIrgha karavAnuM valaNa lAkSaNika rIte gujarAtI-hindI vagere arvAcIna bhASAomAM maLe che. vaLI hemacaMdrIya apabhraMzamAM vaparAyeluM raMtu evuM vartamAna kRdaMta e apabhraMza ane arvAcIna bhASAnI kaDIrUpa lAge che. e ja rIte hemacaMdrIya apabhraMzamAM prathamA ekavacananuM rUpa ''kArAnta ane 'OM'kArAnta 33]

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* zabdasamIpa * - ema baMne maLe che. A valaNa hindI ane gujarAtI ema be jUthamAM jovA maLe che. A rIte 12mI sadInA hemacaMdrIya apabhraMzanA samayathI bhASAnA vikAsanAM bIja vavAI cUkyAM hovAnuM jaNAya che. vaLI jaina paraMparAmAM lokabhASAmAM sAhitya racavAno upakrama hovAthI apabhraMzanI thoDI chAMTavALI lokabolImAM jaina sAhitya racAvA lAgyuM. Ane kAraNe gujarAtI bhASAnI prAcInatama kRtio jaina lekhako pAsethI maLe che. gujarAtI bhASAnA sAhityano prAraMbha zAlibhadrasUrie I. sa. 118pamAM lakhelA 'bharatezvara-bAhubalirAsa'thI thayo ema kahevAya che. I. sa. 1170 pUrve vajasenasUrikRta 'bharatezvara-bAhubalidora' lakhAyAnuM manAya che. A kRti pachI cheka be saikA bAda gujarAtI bhASAmAM I. sa. 1371mAM jainetara sarja ke lakhelI asAitanI 'haMsAulI' maLe che. A rIte hemacaMdrIya apabhraMzanA prabhAva heThaLa jaina sAdhuonI sAhityaracanA vahelI koLI UThI. vaLI hemacaMdrAcArye zaurya ane zRMgAranA, prema ane parAkramanA je duhAo ApyA che temAM gujarAtI bhASAnA paroDhanAM kiraNo joI zakAya che. A duhAomAM e samayanA gujarAtanA premazauryanI jhAMkhI maLe che. hollA sAmalA dhaNa caMpAvaNI NAI suvaNareha, kasavaTTa i diNI." Dhola-nAyaka to zAmaLo che, dhaNa (priyA-nAyikA) caMpAvarNI che jANe ke suvarNanI rekhA kasoTInA paththara para lagAvI hoya tema. caMpAvaraNI gujarAtaNa ane aphATa dariyAnAM UMcAM mojAM sAthe khelIne, lAkhonAM motI lAvI e nArIne zaNagAranArA sAhasika gujarAtInI chabI jovA maLe che. e ja gujarAtanI vIratA hemacaMdrAcArye noMdhelA A duhAmAM maLe che : jai bhaggA pArakaDA, to sahi mannu pieNa; ahaM bhaggA anDahaM taNA, to te mAria3Na. jo pArakA zatruo bhAgyA haze to kharekhara, mArA piyuthI e parAkrama thayuM * hemacaMdrAcArya ane temanI paraMparA * haze, ane amArA bhAgyA hoya to te mAro piyu) mRtyu pAmela hoya tethI. hemacaMdrAcArye 'siddhahema' vyAkaraNa pachI bIjAM pustako racyAM, jene pariNAme gujarAtanI sAhityakIrti vadhI ane vizeSa to emaNe "dhUmaketu'nA zabdomAM kahIe to "lokone vANI ApI ane bolavAnI zailI ApI." hemacaMdrAcArya racelA kozo e pachI saMskRtamAM ane prAkRtamAM racAtA rahyA. bhUja mAM jaina yationI kavitAnI 'zALA'e vraja kozasAhityamAM noMdhapAtra phALo Apyo. 14mA saikAmAM kulamaMDanagaNikRta 'mugdhAvabodha oktika'thI mAMDIne 18mA saikA sudhI nAnA-moTA auktiko racAyA che. e pachI koza vize aMgrejI sAhityanA adhyayanane kAraNe vibhAvanA badalAI ane kozasAmagrI paNa prajAnI jarUriyAta pramANe badalAI. I. sa. 1808mAM Ara. DemaMDa nAmanA aMgreja amaladAre potAnI nivRtti pUrve pazcima bhArata pratyenA premane dAkhavavA mATe 'glosarI' zIrSaka heThaLa moTA kadanAM 98 pAnAMmAM 463 gujarAtI zabdonI vistRta samajUtI ApI hatI. bhASASTie ane e samayanI sAmAjika paristhitinI oLakha mATe A mUlyavAna zabdakoza gaNAya. ema to arvAcIna samayamAM hemacaMdrAcAryanA jIvana ane sAhitya para sauprathama suMdara samIkSA lakhanAra jarmana vidvAna DaoN. bulara che. gujarAtamAM kozapravRttino prAraMbha hemacaMdrAcAryathI thayo. saMskRtamAM 'tyAzraya" ane prAkRtamAM 'kumArapAlacaritra'mAM caulukyavaMzano itihAsa maLe che ane tenI sAthosAtha 'trizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritanA mahAvIra caritamAM rAjA kumArapALa saMbaMdhI noMdha maLe che ane emAMthI emanI apUrva itihAsasevA joI zakAya. emaNe caulukyavaMzano itihAsa racIne gujarAtanuM gaurava pragaTAvyuM, je eka apUrva prayatna kahevAya. apabhraMza bhASAmAM thayeluM chandasvarUponuM sarjana, paraMparApunita kAvyarItinuM prabhutva ane judAM judAM sAhityasvarUponI paraMparA prAcIna gujarAtI bhASAmAM cAlu rahI che ane temAMthI eNe navo vikAsa sAdhyo che. hemacaMdrAcArya pachI gujarAtamAM jaina kavio thayA te temanI pAsethI preraNA pAme che. yogI AnaMdaghanajI, upAdhyAya yazovijayajI, jinaharSa, udayaratna, padmavijaya, zAnacaMdra, sahaja suMdara, devacaMdra, lAvaNyasamaya, vIra vijayajI jevA kavio maLe che. gujarAtI bhASAnA soLaso jeTalA madhyakALanA jaina kaviomAM 1,papa0 jeTalA jaina 0 35 ] 34 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * sAdhuo che ane A sAdhuo emanA adhyayanakALamAM kalikAlasarvajJa hemacaMdrAcAryanA vipula sAhityasarjana pAsethI ghaNA preraNApIyUSa pAmyA haze. sAmAnya rIte pratyeka sAdhu hemacaMdrAcAryanA apabhraMza vyAkaraNanuM potAnA dIkSAjIvananA prAraMbha adhyayana karatA hoya che. jaina caritrAtmaka kathAnakonA mULa sagaDa hemacaMdrAcAryanI kRtiomAM joI zakAya che. gujarAtanI saMskRti para sarvadharmasamabhAvanA saMskAro dharmanA sAMpradAyika svarUpathI para evA hemacaMdrAcArya somanAthanA maMdiramAM mahAdevanI stuti karatAM traHIT thisrg mahezvarI vA namaratara - Ama kahIne praNAma karI stuti karatAM hemacaMdrAcArya emanA samayamAM sarvadharmasamanvayano navIna Adarza Apyo. 'amAri ghoSaNA' dvArA lokakalyANa ane ahiMsAnI vAta karI. Aje enA pariNAmasvarUpa gujarAtanI saMskRtimAM ahiMsA, udAra dRSTi ane sarvadharmasamanvayanI bhAvanA vizeSa rUpe jovA maLe che. zrI kanaiyAlAla munazIe hemacaMdrAcAryanI pratibhAne aMjali ApatAM kahyuM, "gujarAtanA sAhityano navayuga sthApyo. emaNe je sAhityapraNAlIo sthApI, je itihAsadRSTi keLavI, ekatAnuM bhAna sarjAvI je gujarAtanI asmitAno pAyo nAkhyo tenA para Aje agAdha AzAnA adhikArI evA eka ane avibhAjya gujarAtanuM maMdira racAyuM che." keTalAMya varSo sudhI sAdhu ane sarjako 'vighAMmonidramaMthamaMvari: zrIdema candro puru: |' jevI paMkti uccArIne prAta:kALamAM emanuM smaraNa karatA hatA. * hemacaMdrAcArya ane temanI paraMparA * 5. 'zrI hemacaMdrAcArya', le. dhUmaketu, tRtIya AvRtti, pR. 152. 9. AcArya hemacaMdrasUri : temanI sarvagrAhI vidvattA', le. dI ba. kRSNalAla mo. jhaverI, 'zrI hema sArasvata satra : ahevAla ane nibaMdhasaMgraha', pR. 203. 7. zrI hema sArasvata satra : ahevAla ane nibaMdhasaMgraha', pR. 27. 8. "zrI hemacaMdrAcArya', le. dhUmaketu, tRtIya AvRtti, pR. 7, 8. 9. somaprabhuviracita 'svapajJavRttiyukta zatArtha kAvya :" (prAcIna sAhityodvAra graMthAvaliH graMtha 2, munizrI caturavijaya saMpAdita: prakAza sArAbhAI navAba) pR. 124. 10. "The Life of Handhanrichirya' by Professor Dr. G. Bhler, Forvad, P. XIV. 11. "zrImad hemacaMdrAcAryanI kRtio', le. motIcaMda giradharalAla kApaDiyA, 'zrI haima sArasvata satra : ahevAla ane nibaMdhasaMgraha', pR. 179. 12. ejana, pR. 180. 13. "The Life of Henchenichirya' by Profesor Dr. G. Binler, Ervard, P. XIV. 14. "prAcIna gujarAtI chaMdo : eka aitihAsika samAlocanA', le. rAmanArAyaNa vi. pAThaka . 15. 'A vArtha premacaMdra', ne. 3. vi. ma. musaranavayara, g. Boo, 'siddhahemagata apabhraMza vyAkaraNa', saMpA. harivallabha bhAyANI, pR. 22. 17. 'hamasamIkSA', le. madhusudana modI, pR. 37. 4. "The Dezenmemili of Henchandra by R.Pistel, Indrtim TI, P. 3. 10. "The Denmaml; of Hendanda' by R. Pischel, Glossary, P. 1-. zrI hemacaMdrAcArya', le. dhUmaketu, tRtIya AvRtti, pR. 39. 21. 'hemacaMdrAcAryanI kRtio', le. motIcaMda gi. kApaDiyA, 'prasthAna', vaizAkha 195, pR. 54. saMdarbhasUci 1. 'hemacaMdrAcAryanuM ziSyamaMDaLa', le. bhogIlAla ja. sAMDesarA, 'zrI hema sArasvata satra : ahevAla ane nibaMdhasaMgraha', pR. 122. 2. 'hemacaMdrAcArya", le. paM. becaradAsa dozI, pR. 110. 3. 'zrI hemacaMdrAcArya', le. dhUmaketu, tRtIya AvRtti, pR. 167. 4. 'zrImad hemacaMdrAcArya', le. mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI, 'zrI haima sArasvata satra : ahevAla ane nibaMdhasaMgraha', pR. 74. 20. 1 36 ] 0 37 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * 22. 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita', parva 10, aMtya. prazasti zloka 18-19, 23. 'hamasamIkSA', le. madhusUdana modI, pR. 290. 24. ejana, pR. 201. 25. ejana, pR. 250. 26. 'yogazAstra', prakAza 12, zloka pa5. 23. 'ayogavyavacchedikAdvAaizikA', zloka 29. 28. 'vItarAgastava', prakAza 10, zloka 6, 7, 8. 29. merUtuMga : prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi', prakAza 4, pRSTha 85 (siMdhI sIrIjhanI AvRtti). 30. 'hemacaMdrAcArya', le. paM. becaradAsa dozI, pR. 43-44. 31. 'zrI haima sArasvata satra : ahevAla ane nibaMdhasaMgraha', pR. 46. 32. 'jaina gurjara kavio', bhA. 1, le. mohanalAla da. desAI. jJAnavimalasUrinuM pradAna 2 madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM vipula, vaividhyamaya ane kavitvapUrNa sarjana mATe vikramanA 18mAM saikAmAM thayelA, tapagacchanI vimala zAkhAnA jai na sAdhu jJAnavimalasUrinuM pradAna noMdhapAtra gaNAya. emaNe gujarAtI bhASAmAM eTalI badhI kRtionI racanA karI hatI ke ethI ema kahevAtuM ke saMskRtamAM jema hemacaMdrAcArya tema prAkRtamAM eTale ke dezI bhASAomAM jJAnavimalasUri che. vaividhyanI dRSTie joIe to emanI kRtio kathAtmaka, tattvavicArAtmaka, bodhAtmaka ane stutyAtmaka - ema badhA prakAranI che. A kRtiomAM emanA pAMDitya uparAMta chaMda, alaMkAra Adi kavikauzalanI prauDhino paNa paricaya thAya che. emaNe saMskRta, prAkRta ane gujarAtI - ema traNe bhASAomAM graMtho racyA. gadya ane padya baMne svarUpamAM mahattvapUrNa racanAo ApI. jJAnavimalasUrinuM sAhitya bahudhA sAMpradAyika paripATInuM che. paraMtu e maryAdA jALavIne paNa, emaNe alaMkAraracanA, padyabaMdha, dRSTAMtabodha vagerenI je zakti batAvI che te prazasya che. jJAnavimalasUrinI kRtiomAMthI ane emanA samakAlInonI noMdhamAMthI emanA jIvana vize sArI evI | 39 ] 1 38 1

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* zabdasamIpa * mAhitI sAMpaDe che. emano janma vikrama saMvata 1994mAM mAravADanA bhinnamAla nagaramAM thayo hato. teo vazA ozavAla jJAtinA hatA, temanA pitAnuM nAma vAsava zeTha ane mAtAnuM nAma kanakAvatI hatuM. bALapaNamAM emanuM nAma nAthumala hatuM. mAtra ATha varSanI vaye vikrama saMvata 1702mAM emaNe tapagacchanI vimala zAkhAmAM paMDita vinayavimalagaNinA ziSya paMDita dhIravimalagaNi pAse dIkSA lIdhI. dIkSA samaye emanuM nAma 'nayavimala' rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. A pachI emaNe kAvya, tarka, nyAya, zAstrAdimAM nipuNatA meLavI. teoe zrI amRtavimalagaNi tathA zrI meruvimalagaNi pAse vidyAbhyAsa karyo. vikrama saMvata 1727 mahA suda dazamane divase mAravADanA sAdaDI pAsenA ghANerAva gAmamAM utsavapUrvaka AcArya vijayaprabhasUrie emane paMnyAsapada ApyuM. tyAra bAda vikrama saMvata 1748 phAgaNa suda pAMcamane guruvAranA divase zrI navimalagaNine AcAryapadanI prApti thaI ane temanA vizALa jJAnane lIdhe temanuM nAma jJAnavilamasUri rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. zrI jJAnavimalasUrie surata, khaMbhAta, rAjanagara (amadAvAda), pATaNa, rAdhanapura, sAdaDI, ghANerAva, zirohI, pAlItANA, jUnAgaDha vagere sthaLoe vihAra karyo. emanI vihArabhUmi mukhyatve gujarAta, rAjasthAna ane saurASTrano pradeza hatI. zatruMjaya tIrthanI emaNe aneka vakhata yAtrA karI hatI. jJAnavimalasUrinI racanAomAM paNa zatruMjayatIrtha pratyenI emanI dRDha AsthA sthaLe sthaLe pragaTa thAya che. emaNe saMskRta bhASAmAM "prajJAzarAvRtti:', 'zrIpAnavaritra' ane 'saMsArA narta-stutivRtti' jevA graMthonI racanA karI che. jJAnavimalasUrinI saMskRta bhASAnI nipuNatAno khyAla emanA jIvanaprasaMgamAMthI prApta thAya che. eka vAra tapAgacchanA AcArya zrI vijayaprabhasUri zatruMjaya tIrthamAM padhAryA hatA, tyAre teo tIrthanAyake AdIzvara bhagavAna samakSa caityavaMdana karavA gayA, paraMtu e samaye zrI navimalagaNi tyAM AvyA ane tAtkAlika navAM kAvya racIne stuti karavA lAgyA. emanI kavitvazakti joIne AnaMdita thayelA AcAryazrIe navimalagaNine "Avo jJAnavimalasUri' kahIne sUripadanI yogyatA darzAvI AdarapUrvaka bolAvyA. zrI navimalagaNie namratAthI 'masAna' ema kahyuM. A pachI AcAryazrIe navimalagaNine caityavaMdana karavAnuM kahyuM. sAmAnya rIte je sauthI vadhu pUjya hoya te caityavaMdana kare tevI 1 40 ] * jJAnavimalasUrinuM pradAna * praNAlikA hovAthI anya sAdhujano kheda pAmyA, paraMtu emane samajAvatAM AcAryazrIe kahyuM, "bhale mArA padane kAraNe huM pUjya gaNAuM, paraMtu mArAmAM navimalagaNi jevuM jJAna ane kavitvazakti satAMze paNa nathI. teo jJAnavRddha che tethI emane Adara ApuM chuM." zrI navimalagaNie tatkAla navAM kAvyo racIne 45 kAvyo vaDe caityavaMdana karyuM. jJAnavimalasUrinuM vipula sAhityasarjana jotAM emano samakAlIno pratyeno Adara paNa pragaTa thAya che. emaNe AnaMdaghana ane yazovijayanI kRtio para TabA racyA che. AnaMdaghana covIsIno Tabo lakhavA mATe emaNe suratanA sUryamaMDana pArzvanAthanA derAsaramAM cha mahinA sudhI dhyAna dharyuM hatuM ane e pachI AnaMdaghanajInAM covIsa stavano para stabaka racyo. e ja rIte 'navapadanI pUjA'mAM jJAnavimalanI pUjA sAthe yazovijaya ane devacaMdranI pUjA paNa saMkalita rUpe maLe che. vikrama saMvata 1782nA Aso vada cothane guruvAre prAtaHkALe anazanapUrvaka teo nevyAsI varSanI vaye kALadharma pAmyA. jJAnavimalanI gujarAtI racanAomAM sauthI vizeSa noMdhapAtra emanI caMdrakevalIno rAsa', 'azokacaMdra rohiNI rAsa', 'jaMbusvAmi rAsa', 'raNasiMha rAjarSi rAsa', 'bAravrata-grahaNaTIpa-rAsa' ane 'sAdhuvaMdanA rAsa' jevI kathAtmaka kRtio maLe che. jJAnavimalasUrinI kAvyanipuNatAno manoratha paricaya "zrI caMdrakavalIno rAsa mAM thAya che. A rAsamAM pUrvabhavanA AyaMbila tapane kAraNe kevalIpada pAmanAra caMdra kumAranuM prabhAvaka caritra AlekhAyuM che. cAra khaMDa, 111 DhALa ane 7649 kaDIomAM vistarelAM A rAsanI racanA jJAnavimale vikrama saMvata 177)nA mahA suda terasanA divase rAdhanapuramAM pUrI karI. A rAsanA lekhananI zarUAta paNa rAdhanapura zaheramAM karI hatI. mukhyatve duhA-dezIbaddha A rAsane 'AnaMdamaMdira rAsa' evuM bIjuM nAma paNa jJAnavimale ApyuM che. jJAnavimala A AnaMdamaMdiranI kalpanA paNa upamAthI darzAve che, jemAM suvihita sAdhu manana karatAM nivAsa karatA hoya. AnaMdamaMdirano nivAsa sadguNonA nivAsarUpa che. enA anupama staMbho jevA 108 vividha rAganI rasALa DhALo che. jinezvaranuM stuti kIrtana karatA gavAkSo che. jJAna, darzana ane cAritryarUpI oraDAo che. zatruMjaya ane navakAra tenA cogAna che ane vividha kavitu sahita 41 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * gAthA vagere ghaNA sUktothI zobhatuM enuM AMgaNuM che. temAM sudeva, suguru ane sudharma jevA saMsAranA duHkhanuM nivAraNa karanAra ochADa che. AvI rIte jJAnavimala AnaMdamaMdira sAthe potAnI kRtine sarakhAve che. jJAnavimalamAM AvI sarakhAmaNI ghaNe sthaLe jovA maLe che. jemake vivekarUpI vizALa nagara, agnirUpI eno pAyo, navatattvarUpI eno darabAra, samyapha bodharUpI mahelo, samavAyarUpI senAnI kalpanA paNa e Ape che. jinamaMdiranI UMce pharakatI dhajAo jANe svargalokanI hAMsI karatI na hoya e rIte judA judA alaMkArothI potAnI vAta kare che. A rAsanA pahelA khaMDamAM kathApravAha vegathI cAle che, paNa bAkInA traNa khaMDamAM samasyA, subhASito, dRSTAMto, ADakathAo ane dharmasiddhAMtonI sAthe kathAtaMtu cAle che. jJAnavimalanI vizeSatA e che ke enA cittamAM eTalAM badhAM dRSTAMto, subhASito, alaMkAra, ADakathAo ane dharmasiddhAMto UbharAyAM kare che ke ene Ane mATe koI abhyAsa karavo paDato nathI. e badhuM ja ApoApa kathAnakanI sAthe gUMthAtuM Ave che. taka maLe tyAM e dharmano mahimA ke karmanI mahattA gAvAnuM cUkatA nathI. kyAMka saMskRta subhASitanI sAthe teno gujarAtImAM anuvAda kare che. karNapizAcinI, sAmudrikazAstra, lakSaNazAstra, vazIkaraNa, aSTAMganimitta ke jyotiSanI vAta kare che, to AmAM lakSaNo, svapnano artha, strIonA prakAro, puruSanI botera kaLA, strIonI cosaTha kaLA ke vanamAM thatAM vRkSonI yAdI Ape che. A rAsamAM sUryanI rANInI vedanAnuM ke sAsunI vahune du:khI karavAnI manovRttinuM Alekhana AkarSaka che. kathArasanI sAthosAtha jJAnopadeza e A kRtinuM mahattvanuM pAsuM che. tAMbUla ane aMtaraMga tAMbUla, snAna ane aMtaraMga snAna, bhAvakhIcaDI vagerenAM lakSaNonuM varNana rasaprada bane che. jJAnavimalasUri AmAM jaina mAnyatA pramANe bhaugolika racanAnuM Alekhana karavA sAthe jaina dharmanA siddhAMto ane niyamonuM vivaraNa paNa Ape che. saMskRta zlokse ane prApta gAthAonAM uddharaNo Ape che to subhASita-samasyA-hariyAlInI manomana gUMthaNI race che. A kRtinI eka vizeSatA e eno kAvyabaMdha che. vividha prakAranI dhruvAo prayojatI sugeya dezIo, kavita, ja kaDI, caMdrAvaLA Adi kAvyabaMdho maLe che ane jhaDajhamakavALI cAraNI zailI jJAnavimalanI B 42 ] * jJAnavimalasUrinuM pradAna * kAvyanipuNatAno manorama khyAla Ape che. mAtra vistArane kAraNe ja nahIM paNa pracura kathArasa, tattvavicAraniSTha dharmabodha tathA vyutpanna kavitvane kAraNe A kRti jJAnavimalasUrinI sauthI dhyAnArha kRti bane che. "caMdrakevalIno rAsamAM AyaMbila tapano mahimA che to 'azocaMdra rohiNI rAsamAM rohiNI nakSatranA divase 28 varSa sudhI karavAmAM AvatA rohiNItapano mahimA gAyo che. jJAnavimalasUSTie vikrama saMvata 177ranI mAgasara suda pAMcamane divase surata pAse saiyadaparAmAM A rAsa pUro karyo. Aje saiyadaparAnA naMdIzvara dvIpanA jinAlayanA cokamAM jJAnavimalanAM pagalAMnI derI maLe che. mukhyatve duhA-dezI-baddha evA 'azokacaMda rohiNI rAsa'mAM prasaMgopAtta kavita, gIta, troTaka Adi paghabaMdhono upayoga karyo che. rAjA azokacaMdranI rANI rohiNI zokabhAvathI eTalI badhI ajANa che ke putramRtyunA du:khe 2DatI strInA rUdanamAM kayo rAga che ema pUche che. AvA praznathI azokacaMdrane A strImAM bIjAnuM duHkha samajavAnI vRttino abhAva ane garva jaNAyA. tethI tene pATha bhaNAvavA te enA khoLAmAM beThelA putra lokapAlane aTArIethI nIce nAkhe che. paraMtu rohiNIne to A ghaTanAthI paNa kazo zoka thato nathI ane enA puNyaprabhAve putra kSemakuzaLa rahe che. rohiNInA A vItazoka-vItarAgapaNAnA kAraNarUpe enA pUrvabhavanI kathA kahevAI che. jethI e potAnA AgalA bhavanA duSkarmane kAraNe kurUpa ane durgadhI nArI banI hoya che ane rohiNItapanA AzrayathI e duSkarmanA prabhAvamAMthI chUTIne A rohiNIavatAra pAmI hoya che. rohiNInA be pUrvabhavo, azokacaMdra tema ja rohiNInA saMtAnonA pUrvabhavo tathA ekAda ADakathA vaDe A rAsa prastAra pAmyo hovA chatAM emAM kathAtattva pAMkhuM che, kemake eka ja ghaTanAsUtravALI sAdI kathA che. dharmabodhanA phuTa prayojanathI racAyelI A kRtimAM kavie karma, tapa ityAdinAM svarUpa ane prakAronI sAMpradAyika mAhitI gUMthI lIdhI che tema ja subhASito ane samasyAono paNa viniyoga karyo che. kAvyamAM kavinI kAvyazaktino paNa paricaya prasaMgopAtta ApaNane maLyA kare che. jema ke maLavA muninA puNyapratApane pragaTa karatAM vAtAvaraNanuM citraNa kavie je vigatothI karyuM che te manorama lAge che. nagara vagerenAM anya keTalAMka varNano paNa noMdhapAtra che. AvAM varNanomAM 2 43 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * rUpakAdi alaMkArono kavie lIdhelo Azraya emanI kSamatAne pragaTa kare che. rohiNInA rUpavarNanamAM "urvazI piNa ni niva vasI re" jevA vyatirekayamakanA saMkarAlaMkAranI hAramALA yojI che ane paurANika hakIkatone rohiNInA prabhAvanA heturUpe kalpI che. te kavinI A prakAranI varNanakSamatAnuM eka viziSTa udAharaNa che. samagra rAsamAM ziSTa prauDha bhASAchaTAnuM AkarSaNa che to jugupsA ane tiraskAranA bhAvone anurUpa bhASA paNa kavi eTalI ja asarakArakatAthI prayojI batAve che. thoDIka suMdara dhruvAo ane kvacit karelI cAra prAsanI yojanA paNa kavinI kAvyazaktinI ghotaka che. 'jaMbusvAmI rAsa'mAM jaMbUkumAranI ATha paTarANIono saMvAda AlekhAyo che. dareka paTarANI jaMbUkumArane pUche ane jaMbukumAra judI judI dRSTAMtakathAo sAthe emane javAba Ape. pAMtrIsa DhALa ane chaso ATha kaDIonA duhAdezIbaddha A rAsamAM AvatAM rUpaka, upamAvila ane laukika dRSTAMtothI kRti keTaleka aMze rasAvaha banI che. 'raNasiMha rAjarSi rAsa' e 38 DhALa dharAvato agiyAraso kaDIno rAsa che, to 'susaDha rAsa'mAM kavie jayaNAnuM mahattva gAyuM che. 'bAravratagrahaNa TIpa rAsa'mAM vrataniyamonI yAdI ane samajUtI maLe che. jyAre 'sAdhuvaMdanA rAsamAM RSabhadevanA gaNadharothI mAMDIne prAcIna sAdhujanonI nAmAvali jaina zAstragraMthone AdhAre ApavAmAM AvI che. ane keTaleka sthaLe nAmollekhane badale TUMkuM caritrasaMkIrtana karavAmAM AvyuM che. jJAnavimalanI kathAtattvavALI bIjI paNa keTalIka kRtio maLe che. 'sUryAbha nATakamAM sUryabhadeve apsarAonI madadathI mahAvIra svAmI samakSa rajU karela bhaktibhAvapUrNa saMgIta-nRtyano prasaMga 73 kaDImAM varNavAyo che. jJAnavimalanA be 'tIrthamAlAyAtrA-stavana' maLe che. ekamAM suratathI mAravADa sudhInI tIrthayAtrAnuM Alekhana che, to bIjAmAM vijayasenasUrinI preraNAthI vajiyo ane rAjiyo e be zreSThIoe karelA pratiSThA-mahotsavanuM varNana che. 'kalpasUtra vyAkhyAna bhAsa'mAM paryuSaNa parva prasaMge vyAkhyAnamAM vAMcavA mATenI dharmakathAo ApI che. jJAnavimale stuti, stavana, caityavaMdana, sajjhAya Adi prakAranI kRtio vipula saMkhyAmAM racelI che. emaNe siddhAcalanA 3600 jeTalAM stavana racyAnuM . 44. jJAnavimalasUrinuM pradAna * kahevAya che. kavie Abu, tAraMgA, rANakapura jevAM tIrthonAM stavanomAM tIrthaviSayaka aitihAsika-bhaugolika mAhitI graMthI che. emaNe be covIsI, be vIsI uparAMta aneka tIrthaMkara stavano lakhyAM che. covIsImAMnI eka jJAnabhaktiyukta che ane bhASA tathA alaMkAranI prauDhithI tema ja emAM prayukta suMdara geya dezIothI dhyAna kheMce che. jyAre bIjI covIsImAM tIrthaMkaronA pUrvabhavonI mAhitI ApavAmAM AvI che. viSayonI sAthe viSayanirUpaNanuM vaividhya paNa teo dharAve che. A stavanomAM 'zAsvatI-jinapratimA-saMkhyAmaya-stavana', 'sattarisayajinastavana' ane 'adhyAtmagarbhita-sAdhAraNa-jina-stavana' mukhya che. dezIo tema ja toTaka Adi chaMdovALuM, pAMca DhALa ane 81 kaDInuM zAMtinAtha jinanuM stavana paNa noMdhapAtra gaNAya. emaNe hiMdImAM 29 kaDImAM 'caturviMzati jinachaMda' jevI tIrthaMkara stavananI kRti racI che. jJAnavimalanA vipula sAhityamAM 'bAlavabodha'no paNa samAveza thAya che. emaNe aDhAra jeTalA gadya bAlavabodho racyA che. eMzI varSanA sAdhujIvana daramiyAna, sAdhunI aneka maryAdAonuM pAlana karIne jJAnavimalasUrie ATaluM vipula sarjana kaI rIte karyuM haze tevo vicAra sahaja rIte ja Ave. mAtra saMkhyAnI dRSTie ja nahIM, paraMtu guNavattAnI dRSTie paNa jJAnavimalanuM prAna madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM mahattvanuM gaNAya. .45.

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viziSTa vyaktitvano Alekha 'vicitramUrti' nArAyaNa hemacaMdranA Atmacaritra 'pote (I. sa. 1900)mAM bhramaNa kathA, anubhavakathA ane smaraNakathA traNeno saMsparza thAya che. gujarAtI bhASAmAM pragaTa thayeluM A prathama Atmacaritra. e pUrve kavi narmada ane sAkSara maNilAla nabhubhAIe Atmacaritro lakhyAM hatAM, paraMtu narmadanuM 1869mAM lakhAyeluM Atmacaritra "mArI hakIkata' pragaTa thayuM 1933mAM ane maNilAla nabhubhAInuM 1887mAM lakhAyeluM Atmacaritra 'maNilAla nabhubhAInuM AtmavRttAMta' pragaTa thayuM 1979mAM. nArAyaNa hemacaMdranA Atmacaritra 'huM pote pahelAM durgArAma mahetAjInI pragaTa thayelI noMdha Atmacaritrane badale 1843 ane 1844nI mAnavadharmasabhAnI kAryavAhInA hevAla samI lAge che. vaLI AtmakathA lakhavAno emano koI sabhAna prayAsa paNa nahoto. 'huM pote' pUrve daza varSa agAu I. 1890mAM 'zIrIna maDama' nAmanuM 'eka juvAna pArasI strInI jiMdagIno hevAla' darzAvatuM pustaka pragaTa thayuM hatuM. "A rasIluM dAstAna zIrIna maDamanI kumaLI kalamathI lakheluM, TukaDe TukaDe, *jAme jamazedamAM pragaTa thayuM hatuM te navesarathI sudhArIne pustaka AkAramAM" bahAra pADavAmAM AvyuM. 0 46 ] * viziSTa vyaktitvano Alekha * AnI pAchaLa zIrIna maDamano hetu to lekhikA kahe che tema "paraNIne saMsAramAM paDanArI bAnune potIkAM navAM mukAmamAM zI rIte rasto levo paDe che teTaluM ja mAtra mArA dAkhalA uparathI darazAvavAnI mArI mula makasada" che. AmAM zIrInanA lagnajIvananI khATI-mIThI vAto pArasI bolImAM AlekhAI che. huM pote'mAM nArAyaNa hemacaMdranA janmathI vilAyatagamananI taiyArI sudhIno 34 varSano gALo AlekhAyo che. gujarAtI bhASAmAM nAnAMmoTAM 200 jeTalAM pustako lakhanAra nArAyaNa hemacaMdranA vicitra-viziSTa vyaktitva ane pravAsazokhane kAraNe AsvAdya banatI A kRtimAM UMDANane badale vyApa vizeSa che. emAM vyaktinA AMtaraavalokanane badale vizvavihArInuM jagatabhramaNa vizeSa maLe che. AtmacaritranA AlekhanamAM emaNe emanI DAyarImAM karelA utArAno upayoga karyo che. AtmakathAmAM vartamAna kSaNe UbhA rahIne atItamAM DokiyuM karatI vakhate bhUtakALanI ghaTanAo navuM parimANa sAdhIne punarghaTana pAme che, pariNAme anubhavanuM viSayavastu enuM e rahe che, paNa enA AlekhananI dRSTi ane darzana badalAI jAya che. doraDA para samatolana sAcavIne cAlatA naTanI mAphaka AtmAbhivyaktino dora AtmazlAghAmAM sarI na paDe te jovAnuM rahe che. ahIM kAlAnukrame jIvanakathanInuM Alekhana hovA chatAM AtmacaritrakAranA vyaktitvathI rasAIne Ave che. lekhakano vartamAna "huM" potAnA bhUtakALanA 'huM'ne mUlave che. atIta jagatanI sAthe AjanuM tathya pragaTe che. Atmacaritra e mAtra ghaTanAonuM kamabaddha varNana Ape to zuSka itihAsa banIne aTakI jAya. 'huM pote' AtmacaritrakAranA vyaktitvane kAraNe AvI zuSkatAmAMthI UgarI gayuM che ane kRtighATanI kSatio hovA chatAM rasaprada banI rahI che. nArAyaNa hemacaMdranA jAhera jIvananI AMgaLIe aMgata jIvana cAle che. kRtimAM Adhipatya to bAhya jagatanuM jovA maLe che. AtmacaritrakAranuM aMgata jIvana mAtra thoDA anubhavomAM sImAbaddha rahe che ane caritranAyakanA AMtaragharSaNa ke manomaMthana AmAMthI maLatAM nathI. cittanA sapATI paranA saMdarbho ja kendramAM rahe che. hRdayamaMthananI kSaNo lekhaka nizcita, pUrvanirdhArita valaNamAM dRDha hovAne kAraNe hRdayasparzI banatI nathI. 'huM * buddhiprakAza, I. 1911, mArca, pR. 68 [] 47 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * pote'no pUrvArdha lakhyA pachI uttarArdha lakhavAnI nArAyaNa hemacaMdranI icchA emanA plegamAM thayelA ekALa avasAnane kAraNe adhUrI rahI. nArAyaNa hemacaMdrane Atmacaritra lakhavAnI preraNA karasanadAsa mULajInA 'dezATana' vizenA nibaMdhamAMthI sAMpaDI. buddhivardhaka sabhAmAM vaMcAyelo karasanadAsa mULajIno A nibaMdha emane khUba pasaMda paDyo. dezATana karavAthI thatA lAbhanuM varNana vAMcatAM emanI pravAsecchA pradIpta thaI. pravAsa karavo ane temAMthI AnaMda pAmavo tevo bhAva utpanna thayo. A pravAsazokhe emanAmAM vAcanazokha jagADyo ane pustako vAMcavAnI hoMza jAgI. nizALamAM pAThyapustaka sivAya kazuM nahi vAMcanAra nArAyaNa hemacaMdrae vividha viSayanAM judAM judAM pustako vAMcavAnuM zarU karyuM. nArAyaNa hemacaMdra kahe che ke emanA pitAnuM mikenikanuM magaja emane vArasAmAM maLyuM. nArAyaNa hemacaMdra hunnaranuM jJAna phelAvavA mATe gujarAtI bhASAmAM 'nUreAlama' nAmanA copAniyAmAM 'akhatarA' e mathALA heThaLa lakhavAnuM zarU karyuM. kaI rIte pittaLa ane kAMsu banAvavuM ke agarabattI ane zarabata banAvavAM teno prayoga lakhatA hatA ane e samaye emaNe emanuM upanAma 'ja gadArazI Arya" rAkhyuM hatuM. prAraMbhamAM nArAyaNa hemacaMdrae svayaM kArIgaro mATe copAniyuM kADhavAno nirNaya karyo, paraMtu ene amalamAM mUkI zakyA nahi, hunnarazokhane lIdhe pratyeka kAma jAte karavAnI vRtti to hatI ja, paNa ethI vizeSa koI yaMtra bagaDyuM hoya to tenI racanAno abhyAsa karI ene sudhAravA lAgyA. hunnarabAja nArAyaNa hemacaMdra savAre sAtathI cAra vAgyA sudhI kArakhAnAmAM kAma zIkhavA jatA. kArakhAnAmAM copaDI laIne jatA ane samaya maLe vAMcatA. sAMjanA sADA cAra pachI pUrI ekAgratAthI vividha viSayanI pustakasUSTimAM lIna thaI jatA. itihAsa, pravAsavarNana, huzaraudyoga ane jJAna-vijJAnanAM pustako ane sAmayiko vAMcavA lAgyA. mAmA pAsethI khissAkharcInA maLatA pAMca rUpiyAmAMthI jUnAM pustakonI dukAnethI jUnI copaDIo laI AvatA. nArAyaNa hemacaMdrane jIvanamAM satata sahAya karanAra bAbu navInacaMdra paNa ema kahyuM hatuM ke te pustaka mATe vadhAre kharca kare che ane potAne mATe ocho kharca kare che. *strIbodha', 'jJAnaprasAraka', 'buddhivardhaka', 'Aryamitra', 'DAMDiyo', 'rAsta gophatAra' jevAM sAmayika vAMcatA. A rIte emanI bhASAmAM kahIe to 'nyUjhapepara, copAniyAM ane pustako vAMcavAno sapATo cAlyo." g48 ] * viziSTa vyaktitvano Alekha * judA judA viSayanAM copAniyAM vAMcIne emAMthI upayogI lekhonA kaTiMgsa kApI rAkhatA. e lekhonI viSayavAra vaheMcaNI karIne tene judA judA baMDala bAMdhIne rAkhatA hatA. A vAcanabhUkhe nArAyaNa hemacaMdramAM sabhAomAM javAnI ane bhASaNo sAMbhaLavAnI vRtti jagADI. pariNAme sAhitya, samAjasudhAraNA, citrakalA, Arogya, DArvinano utkrAMtivAda, bAgabAnI jevA ghaNA viSayo para bhASaNo sAMbhaLI 'jJAnavRddhi' karavA lAgyA. bhASaNo sAMbhaLavAnI A vRttie emane dharmavicAra tarapha vALyA temaja prArthanAsamAja ane brahmosamAja vize vicAratA thayA. kyAreka manaHsukharAmabhAI pAsethI to kyAreka bhAIzaMkarabhAI pAsethI lAvIne pustako vAMcatA hatA. Ama nArAyaNa hemacaMdranA bhramaNazokha, vAcanazokha ane lekhanazokhanuM mULa 'dezATana' nibaMdhamAM paDyuM che. 'huM pote 'mAM AlekhelI emanI 34 varSanI jIvanakathA Ano ja vistAra che. sAmAnya rIte AtmacaritrakAra, zaizavanI smRtionA atItarAgI nirUpaNanuM pralobhana TALI zakyo nathI. kavacit anyanI pAsethI potAnA zaizava vizenI sAmagrI meLavIne AlekhavA lalacAya che, jyAre nArAyaNa hemacaMdra zaizavanI koI vizeSa smRti AlekhatAM nathI; jemake potAno janma eka sAmAnya bALakanI mAphaka ja thayo te darzAvatAM teo lakhe che : mAro janma jeTha suda pUnema saMvata 191 1mAM jagajIvana kIkA sTrITamAM jyAM hAla moralIdharanuM devaLa che tenI sAmenA gharamAM eka nAnI oraDImAM thayo hato. mAro janma khIlelI pUnemanI rAte 1 vAge thayo hato. jyAre keTaluMka jagata stabdha thaIne uMghatuM hatuM, tyAre IzvaranI kRpAthI mAruM A duniyAmAM AvavuM thayuM. mArA janmavAnI veLAe mahAtmAonI peThe kaMI duniyAnA ajAyabI bharelA banAva banyA nahotA, koI jAtano navo tAro mArA janmanI veLAe udita thayo nahoto ke loko jANe ke eka mahAtmA avatyoM che. athavA jagatamAM evo Arya banAva banyo nahoto ke jethI mane A jagatamAM Avelo jANe. mAro janma punemanI ajavALI rAte nistabdha jagAe thayo. pri. 3] 1 49 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * e ja rIte potAnA bALapaNanI vAta karatAM teo noMdhe che : : jagamAM jema sAdhAraNa mANasanA chokarAM ucharIne moTAM thAya che. tema huM thayo, mArI baradAsa rAkhanAra dAIo nahotI, mane vhAla dekhADanArI pagAradAra AyAo nahotI; mAre mATe dUdha khAvAnuM taiyAra karanAra rasoIA nahotA paNa huM to mArI mA tathA dAdInI baradAsathI moTo thayo. garIbane vaLI kyAMthI ucheranAra hoya ? tene vaLI AyA dAIo kyAMthI maLe ? tenI baradAsa Izvaraja kare che. huM dahADe dahADe moTo thayo, mAbApane AnaMda ApavA lAgyo. [pR. 3] huM masANamAM gayo nahi. meM bApane Aga mUkI nahi, paNa jeNe tene pALI poSIne moTo karyo hato, jenAthI je utpanna thayo hato, jene khavADavIne pote khAto hato, jene duHkha thayAthI AkhI rAta ujAgaro karIne tenuM duHkha ochuM karavA mATe mathato hato te pitAe eTale mArA dAdAe agnisaMskAra karyo. [pR. 18) dayA vinAnA mahetAjIono emano anubhava mArmika che. mAtAnA mRtyuvarNanamAM emanA hRdayamAM UchaLatI mAtRbhakti pragaTa thaI che : mAnA nAmamAM je madhuratA che, je duHkha hAraka zakti che tevI zakti bIjAmAM che ke nahi e saMdeha che. duHkhamAM mAnuM nAma yAda Ave che. mA A jagatunI adhiSThAtrInI pratimA che. jagamAM mA nAmanI vastu nahi hota, to jagata rahI zakata ke nahi te saMdeha paDatuM che. strI mAtra dharmane cahAnArI hoya che, te dayAnI putaLI hoya che, te karUNAnI pratimA hoya che. te guNamAM mArI mA paNa bhuSita hatI. mArI mA AjakALano sudharelo dharma mAnatI nahotI, te AjakALanA jevI sudharelA gharanI strInA jevI dharma saMbaMdhI takarAra karanArI nahotI, AjakALanA jevI sudharelA gharanI strInA jevI uparathI daMbha dekhADanArI nahotI. te to saraLa svabhAvanI aMdha vizvAsavALI hatI. tenA upAsya devatA hiMduonA tetarIsa koTI devatA hatA. te koI vakhate mahAdevane pujatI to ghaDikamAM rAmacaMdrane to Q 50 - * viziSTa vyaktitvano Alekha * koI vakhate kRSNa, koI veLAe hanumAnane, to koI vakhata gaNapatine pUjatI hatI. te artha zAstranAM dRSTAMto ApIne garIbone dAna ApavAmAM saMkucita thatI nahotI. paNa je mAMgatA tene potAnI zakti pramANe ApatI. te kharUM bolanArI hatI. asatya bolavAnI tene rUci nahotI. tene dararojano eka rUpIo TopI banAvavAmAM maLato hato. te saMtoSI hatI. te uMghanI hatI. pote keTalIka TopInI tarAha kADhIne badhAne herata karatI. temAM zobhAnubhAvakatA hatI. te zobhA zAthI vadhe teno te vicAra karatI. sakhIonI joDe haLImaLIne cAlatI hatI. vaDhavADha karatI nahotI. AvI pavitra svabhAvanI mArI mA hatI, tene lakhatAM vAMcatAM AvaDatuM nahotuM. [pR. 32/ zALAmAM goMdhAIne jJAna meLavavAne badale jagatanI pAThazALAmAMthI jJAna meLavavAnI icchAe nArAyaNa hemacaMdrane hunnaraudyogamAM rasa letA karyA. potAnI nipuNatAthI hunnaraudyoga dvArA emaNe AjIvikA meLavavAno prayAsa karyo, paraMtu TharIThAma thaIne koI kArya karavuM e nArAyaNa hemacaMdranI prakRtimAM na hatuM, pachI e jIvana hoya ke lekhana hoya. AthI dhAnerA gAmamAM jamInadAra banIne ke zAhIno dhaMdho karIne sthira thavAnuM emaNe pasaMda karyuM nahi. dhAnerA gAmanI potAnI jamIna ane baLada vecI nAkhyAM hatAM. e ja rIte sAhityamAM viSayanA UMDANanI ke bhASAzuddhinI emaNe jhAjhI paravA karI nahi. Atmacaritra e 'huM'kendrI sAhityasvarUpa che ane 'huM pote'mAM 'huM' ja pravarte che. nArAyaNa hemacaMdranA vyaktitvamAM AMkhe UDIne vaLage tevI keTalIka a-sAmAnyatA hatI. emanI sAdAI ane nikhAlasatAnI sAthosAtha emanA paheravezanI vicitratAnI paNa gAMdhIjIe noMdha lIdhI che. uMghADuM mAthuM, TUMkA vALa temaja baMgALI Dhabano koTa ane dhotiyuM e emano bAhya dekhAva. nArAyaNa hemacaMdrae thoDo vakhata bhagavAM dhAraNa karelAM ane teo 'brahmacArIjI'nA nAmathI oLakhAtA hatA, paraMtu muMbaImAM emaNe sapheda pozAka dhAraNa karyo, kAraNa ke teo 'hinduonA brahmacArI' na hatA. D51]

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* zabdasamIpa * vaLI temanA bhAI viThThale ema kahyuM ke bhagavAM vastra paheravAthI kuTuMbane kalaMka lAgaze. nArAyaNamAM kamAvavAnI zakti nathI, mATe bhagavA paheryA che ema jJAtijano vicAraze ane pariNAme nAmozI thaze. nArAyaNa hemacaMdra paNa vicAra karyo ke pahelAM teo sapheda vastradhArI brahmacArI hatA, tevA ja rahevuM. potAnI vAta svIkArAtAM emano bhAI viThThala AnaMdita thayo hato ane nArAyaNa hemacaMdrae sapheda bhagavAM paheravAnuM cAlu rAkhyuM. nArAyaNa hemacaMdra videzamAM beDoLa pATalUna, coLAI gayelo badAmI raMgano koTa ane mAthe phUmatAvALI UnanI TopI paheratA hatA. gAMdhIjIe noMdhyuM che tema badhAM phUlaphaTAka loko vacce nArAyaNa hemacaMdra vicitra lAgatA hatA ane amerikAmAM dhotiyuM ane paheraNa paherI nIkaLyA hatA tyAre asabhya pozAkanA tahomata heThaLa temane pakaDavAmAM AvyA hatA ane pAchaLathI mukta karavAmAM AvyA hatA. veza vicitra ane dekhAva paNa evo ja , bADI AMkho, moM para zILInA DAgha, goLa cahero, dADhI para satata hAtha pharyA kare, halanacalanamAM kaDhaMgApaNuM, cAlatI vakhate eka hAtha sthira ane bIjo vIMjhAto hoya, bAjue cAlanArane ajANapaNe hAtha mAratA jAya, bolatI vakhate thaMka UDe ane sAMbhaLanArane emanI vAtacItamAM valavalATano anubhava thato. vyaktine badale emane enA pitAnuM nAma yAda rahetuM ane ene pitAnA nAmathI saMbodhatA. aMgrejI bhASA na AvaDe to paNa iMglenDamAM pheravAmAM saheje mUMjhavaNa anubhave nahi. 'bhASAne zuM vaLage bhUra' e uktine teo bhramaNa ane lekhana baMne paratve sArthaka karatA hatA. pravAsa karavAnI nArAyaNa hemacaMdranI paddhati judA prakAranI hatI. ochAmAM ochA kharce pravAsa thAya tevuM Ayojana karatA. jUnAgaDhanA dIvAna, kacchanA dIvAna jevI vyaktio pAsethI e pravAsanI 2kama meLavatA. teo amuka deza ke pradezano pravAsa karavAnI icchA pragaTa karatA ane madada maLI rahetI. kyAreya koI para A mATe dabANa na kare, paNa jarUrI rakama maLI ja raheze tevI emane zraddhA. pustakamAMthI ane mitro pAsethI je kaMI maLe te letA. narasiMharAve emanI tA. 28-9-1892nI rojanIzImAM nArAyaNa hemacaMdranA patrano ullekha karyo che. emAM nArAyaNa hemacaMdra orienTala 1 para 3 * viziSTa vyaktitvano Alekha * kaoNMgresa jovA gayA, te prasaMga noMdhyo che. A koMgresa jovAnI eka pAunDanI TikiTa hatI. nArAyaNa hemacaMdra pAse mAtra traNa pAunDa hatA. AthI nArAyaNa hemacaMdra koMgresanA maMtrIne maphata javA devA vinaMtI karI. maMtrIe nA pADI, paNa kahyuM ke te nArAyaNa vatI ATalI rakama ApI deze. enI nArAyaNe nA pADI. rastAmAM misa meniMga maLyA, paNa emaNe A bAbata aMge AMkha ADA kAna karyA. paeNrisamAM oLakhANa thaI hatI, te prophesara maLyA. emanI sAthe sAhajika rIte vAta thaI. prophesara nArAyaNane pAchA laIne AvyA. aMdara jaIne nArAyaNa vize vAta karI. maMtrIe bahAra AvIne nArAyaNane mAnapUrvaka praveza Apyo. nArAyaNa hemacaMdra ane prophesaranA nAmavALI TikiTa ApI. nArAyaNa hemacaMdrae patramAM lakhelI A ghaTanAno ullekha karI nArAyaNe Apa kaMI mokalI zakazo, evI narasiMharAvane karelI vinaMtI aMge noMdha che. zA mATe nA mo kaluM ? nArAyaNa ! hArA jevA sAdhu puruSane mokalelA rUpiyA moja zokha mAM kharacelA rUpiyA karatAM hajArogaNA uttama. mokaluM chuM; mokaluM chuM. paNa ATaluM moDuM kema lakhyuM? ATalA dahADA zuM thayuM haze ? IzvarakRpAthI hene koi paNa taraphathI madada maLI hoya to sAruM. ciMtA thAya nArAyaNe hemacaMdrane rU. 248-4-0 = 15 pAunDa tArathI muMbAI ma. o. mokalyo. zanivAranI mela cUke nahi mATe. ['narasiMharAvanI rojanIzI', pR. 23-24 / pravAsamAM bIjo koI kharca nahi ane badhe trIjA vargamAM musApharI karatA. emaNe DekamAM rahIne amerikAno pravAsa karyo hato. nArAyaNa hemacaMdrae nAnapaNathI ja nizcaya karyo hato ke koIne tyAM bhojana karavuM nahi ane koInI sAthe paisAnI levaDa-devaDa karavI nahi, kAraNa ke 'Ane kAraNe prIti ghaTe che.' AtmakathAkAra enI jIvanakathAnuM kramabaddha Alekhana kare che, paNa jIvananA prasaMgonI pasaMdagImAM enuM vyaktitva ane rasa-ruci pragaTa thAya che. nArAyaNa hemacaMdra pAse alAyaduM vyaktitva ane AgavuM vizva che. A 3 pa3 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * AtmacaritramAM emanuM vyaktitva ane emanuM pravAsavizva baMne tANAvANA peThe gUMthAyelAM che, AthI pravAsanI vAta karatAM emanuM vyaktitva pragaTe che ane emanuM vyaktitva AgavuM pravAsavizva race che. jIvanano kayo ghATa nArAyaNa hemacaMdrae joyelo che ? AtmacaritrakAra eka ghATa racI Ape che. jIvananA anubhavo, pravAsamAMthI maLeluM bhAthuM, IzvarazraddhA ane vAcananA saMskArone pariNAme emaNe potAnA jIvanane Agavo ghATa Apyo che. A evuM jIvana che ke je potAnI dhUnane siddha karavA mATe satata yatnazIla che. evuM jIvana che ke je pravartamAna sAmAjika, dhArmika, rAjakIya paristhitine potAnI rIte mUlave che ane jarUra lAge tyAre nirbhIka banIne prahAra kare che. potAnA jIvanamAM kaTokaTInI kSaNe thayelA bacAvanI ane moTA mANasonI vidvattAnI vAta paNa kare che. nArAyaNa hemacaMdranA A abhiprAyo emanA AMtarika vyaktitvanA ghAtaka bane che. nArAyaNa hemacaMdrane pustakano zokha, emAMthI jAgI sabhAmAM javAnI Teva ane temAMthI lAgyo samAja nA agraNIone maLavAno nAda. 'huM pote'mAM teo ravIndranAtha TAgora, devendranAtha ThAkura, narasiMharAva diveTiyA, IzvaracaMdra vidyAsAgara, manaHsukharAma vagerenI mulAkAtathI potAnAM hRdaya-manamAM paDelo paDagho Alekhe che. vyakti bhale samartha ke khyAtiprApta hoya, paNa potAnA citta para aMkAyelI enI chApane nirbhayatAthI Alekhe che, navalarAmane pahelI vAra emano vicitra veza joIne nArAyaNa hemacaMdrane nAme koI ThagavA AvyuM che ema lAgyuM. nArAyaNa hemacaMdra emanAM lakhANo navalarAmane tapAsavA ApatA. navalarAma kaMjUsa hatA. nAnA gharamAM rahetA. sAMjanA mamarA ane seva khAtA temaja zerabajArano vepAra karatA hatA. AvI vigatonI sAthe nArAyaNa hemacaMdra navalarAmanA vAcanazokha, vidvattA ane tulanAzaktinI prasaMzA kare che. te ja rIte manaHsukharAmanA varNanamAM potAne vidvAnamAM khapAvavAnI emanI hoMzanI sAthe sAthe emane prapaMcI, rAjakAraNI ane daMbhI hovAnuM darzAve che, paNa emanAM patnI DAhIgaurInA saraLa, Atithyapriya ane dhArmika svabhAvanI nArAyaNa hemacaMdra mukta kaMThe prazaMsA kare che. nArAyaNa hemacaMdrae AtmacaritramAM potAnA pratyakSa samAgamamAM 54 ] * viziSTa vyaktitvano Alekha * AvanArI vyaktionI ceta-zyAma bAju pragaTa karI che. svAmI dayAnaMde emanA lekhanamAM khalela pahoMcADatI cakalIne mArI nAkhavAnuM ane bIjI cakalIo na Ave te mATe tene mArIne laTakAvavAnuM kahyuM hatuM tevA prasaMgoe potAne Upajelo "kheda' darzAve che. bAbu navInacaMdra, hemalatA, rAmajIdAsa, caMDIcaraNa ane haridAsanAM vyakticitro emanA AtmIya saMparkane kAraNe AkarSaka banyAM che. jenA pratApathI potAnI unnati thaI, tevA bAbu navInacaMdranA vyaktitva vize atyaMta bhAvapUrNa Alekhana karatAM teone 'potAnA hRdayanA saguNanA upAsaka devatA' kahe che. bAbu navInacaMdra rAya ratalAma rAjyamAM ucca hodo dharAvatA vidvAna hatA. hiMdI bhASAmAM sauprathamavAra vijJAnanAM pustako lakhanAra bAbu navInacaMdra rAye cAlIsa jeTalAM hiMdI pustako lakhyAM hatAM. kAzmIranA rAjAnI darakhAstathI emaNe sivila enjiniyariMganAM pustako taiyAra karyA hatAM. lAhoranI orienTala kaoNlejanA prinsipAla, pachI ratalAmanA nAyaba dIvAna ane tyArabAda ratalAmanI kAunsilanA uparI thayA hatA. AvA vidvAna, dharmajJa ane paropakArI bAbu navInacaMdrane kAraNe ja nArAyaNa hemacaMdrane pravAsanI taka maLI. potAnI A bhAvanA pragaTa karatAM nArAyaNa hemacaMdra lakhe che : bAbujI ! tame mane jagatmAM evI ja gAe laI gayAcho ke tevA sthaLamAM mane ghaNAja Aja kAlanA sudhArAvALA tathA dharmAtmA laI javAne samartha thayA nathI. tamArA niHsvArtha ughoge mane A duniyAmAM niHsvArthapaNe vartAvAne uttejita karyo che. tamArA niSkAma kartavya eTale tamArA kaMI paNa phaLanI AzA nahi rAkhatA kartavya karavAmAM mane sadA tatpara rahevA kahe che. tamArUM neha maya jIvana mane uttejita kare che, A jagamAM bahArathI kaMI ne aMdarathI kaMI evA puSkaLa dIThA che paNa tamane tevA dIThA nathI. tame je bahArathI hatA teja aMdarathI paNa hatA. krodha svapnAmAM paNa tame dITho nahoto, tamAruM kharAba karanArA ghaNA hatA, tamAruM dhana luMTI lenArA puSkaLa hatA, tamAruM priya dhana bhogavanAra paNa puSkaLo hatA te chatAM a papa 3

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* zabdasamIpa * tamArAmAM vidveSa nahi AvatA tathA krodha nahi batAvatAM tenuM sAruM karavAnI utkaMThA niraMtara jAgatI hatI. A jagatamAM tamArA jevI krodhane dabAvavAnI zakti meM kadI joI nathI. tethIja huM ApanI eka alaukika zakti mAnuM chuM. meM ghaNA lokone moTA hoddhApara abhimAnI thatA, vighAthI ahaMkArI thatA, suMdara strI maLyAthI abhimAnI thatA, temaja paisA maLyAthI abhimAnI thatA joyAche paNa tame e sarva saMpatti meLavyA chatAM tamArAmAM jarA paNa abhimAna nahotuM. meM keTalAka dhArmikano DoLa ghAlanAra, nyAyano phAMko rAkhanAra bIjAne nukazAna karavAmAM sadA macyA rahetAM joyA che paNa tame tevA nahotA. tame koInuM ahita icchavuM nathI. tamArA dRSTAMta mane Adarza jevA thayA che. A ja gamAM meM puSkaLo kharAba Adarza jevA joyA che, keTalAka anyAyanA Adarza, keTalAMka krodhanA Adarza, keTalAka abhimAnInA Adarza, keTalAka vidvAnano khAlI bhabhako batAvanAra Adarza, keTalAka bahArathI dhArmikano DoLa rAkhanAra Adarza joyAM che paNa tamAro Adarza sat Adarza che. tethIja tamane sat Adarza kahuM chuM. tame Izvara parAyaNa hatA, tame upAsanA hamezAM karatA, tame ALasa e zuM te jANatA nahotA, tame mane ghaNuM zIkhavyuM che. A jagatanA ghaNAka dhArmika mANasoe je mane zIkhyuM. nathI te tame zIkhyuM che. huM kahevAtA dhArmika mANasanA kuDA AcaraNa joIne mANasa mAtrane saMdehanI AMkhathI joto hato paNa jyAre tamArUM suMdara svarUpa yAda AvatuM tyAre te saMdeha dUra thaI jato. niraMtara tame mArA dhruva tArA tarIke bIrAjatA. pU. 96 ane 92 che. A ja rIte bAbu navInacaMdranI patnI hemalatAnA Atithya, svabhAva ane snehanuM smaraNa karIne tene 'devI pratimA dharIne hRdayamAM pUjA karuM chuM.' ema kahe che. rAmajIdAsa sAtheno emano pravAsa AnaMda ane kalahanA ATApATA vacce cAlyA kare che. narasiMharAva diveTiyAe 'kusumamALAnI bIjI AvRttimAM 'pahelI AvRttinI arpaNa-patrikA' ema chApyuM te bAbata aMge baMne vacce vivAda ane manadu:kha thayAM. A prasaMgamAM nArAyaNa hemacaMdrano utAvaLe abhiprAya bAMdhavAnI maryAdA tarI Ave che. * viziSTa vyaktitvano Alekha * nArAyaNa hemacaMdranI tulanAvRtti vyakti ane sthaLa vize satata pravarte che. pitA ne nAnAbhAI para vadhu prema hato te vAta tulanA karIne batAve che. emanA mIThAI khAvAnA zokha vize ke krodhI svabhAva vize narasiMharAva diveTiyAe lakhyuM che, paraMtu e vize A AtmacaritramAM kazo ullekha nathI. bAhya nirIkSaNamAM racyApacyA rahenArA nArAyaNa hemacaMdra bhAgye ja AMtaramaMthana anubhavatA lAge che ane AMtaranirIkSaNa to karatA ja nathI. kyAMka to emanI kSatine chAvaratA hoya ema lAge che; jema ke baMkimabAbunAM pustakonuM bhASAMtara karavAnI emaNe paravAnagI levAnI jarUra lAgI nahi. teo kahe che ke baMkimabAbue emanI copaDIno gujarAtImAM tarajUmo karavA mATe paisA mAMgyA, tyAre nArAyaNa hemacaMdrae ema kahyuM, "gujarAtImAM ghaNAM ja thoDAM pustako khape che. huM to eka zokhane mATe lakhuM chuM temAM kaMI kamAI nathI." (pR. 381) Ama chatAM baMkimabAbue emane nA pADI tyAre nArAyaNa hemacaMdra bezarama banIne namaskAra karyA vinA cAlyA gayA. vaLI potAnI vAtano bacAva karatAM e lakhe che ke bIjI bhASAmAM bhASAMtara karavAthI copaDIno 'uThAva' ocho thato nathI ane tethI teo graMtha kartAnI paravAnagI mAMgatA nathI. A AtmacaritramAM bhUtakALanI smRti ane AlekhananuM satya baMne maLe che. nArAyaNa hemacaMdranI prakRti evI che ke je teo potAnA vyaktitvane rUpAMtarita karIne AlekhavAne badale potAnI jAta jevI che tevI ja dharI de che. nArAyaNa hemacaMdranA jIvanamAM Izvara zraddhA ane prArthanAbaLa kendrasthAne che. Ane kAraNe ja teo 'sAdhucarita' vizeSaNa pAmyA haze. teone Izvarano stutivAda karavAmAM AnaMdano anubhava thato ane ema mAnatA ke Izvarane yAda karavAnI sauthI suMdara jagA teNe racelI manohara prakRti che, AthI koI suMdara sthaLa jotA ke tarata ja emanuM hRdaya IzvaranA stutigAnamAM DUbI jatuM. vaLI AvA IzvarI baLane kAraNe ja teo viSayavAsanA sAme saMyamadaMDha rahI zake che, tema mAnatA hatA, teo lakhe che : mArAmAM paNa pheraphAra thayo, have huM pukha juvAna thayo chuM. mArI prakRti have baLavAna thai. viSayavAsanA kAma vagara vadhe che, evuM meM sAMbhaLyuM hatuM, te have anubhava karavA lAgyo. viSaya bhogavavAnI vRtti utpanna thaI, paNa tarata IzvarI baLa AvIne rokI. mane jyAre viSaya vAsanA 3 57 ] 0 56 ]

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* zabdasamIpa utpanna thatI tyAre tyAre ekadama IzvaranI stuti karavAnI icchA utpanna thatI. huM tarata IzvaranI pAse baLa mAgato, AthI mane baLa AvatuM, huM viSaya vAsanAthI dUra thato. [pR. 234-235/ * rAtre jhUMpaDAnA daravAje UbhelI kusumane emaNe nA kahI, tenI pAchaLa IzvarI baLano anubhava kare che : mArI to khAtarI che ke IzvaranI prArthanA A jagatamAM badhuM kare che. keTalAka nAstiko tathA saMdehavAdIo prArthanAnI jarUra mAnatA nathI paNa mArA jIvanamAM huM dareka veLAe prArthanAnuM baLa anubhavuMchuM. [pR. 206] sAdhucarita nArAyaNa hemacaMdra jIvanamAM AvelA vikAranA prasaMgonuM Alekhana kare che. teo vezyA strIonI pralobhanabharI ceSTAo chatAM pote kaI rIte zrInagaramAM avicaLa rahyA tenI vAta kare che. A AtmacaritramAM nArAyaNa hemacaMdranA vyaktitvanI keTalIka noMdhapAtra vizeSatAo pragaTa thAya che. pravAsamAM emane kyAreya Dara lAgato nahi. lAMbA aMtara sudhI cAlavAno, ekkAmAM besavAno ane pahADa caDhavAno emane bhAre zokha. cora-lUMTArA ke mRtyuno saheje bhaya nahi. IzvarazraddhA kharI, paraMtu dharmasthAnomAM cAlatAM dhatiMgo tarapha eTalo ja Akroza. AvI ja rIte aMgrejonA ke rAjAonA anyAya aMge satata virodha pragaTa kare che. rAjAonA rAjyAbhiSeka mATe thatAM kharcanI TIkA kare che. jagatanI parivartanazIlatAnI vAta vAraMvAra kare che. 'duniyA niraMtara parivartanazIla che' e vAta emaNe zahero, samAja ane sthaLanA saMdarbhamAM karI che. nArAyaNa hemacaMdrano vipula sAhityarAzi jotAM khyAla Avaze ke emaNe aneka viSayomAM potAnI kalama calAvI che. phinaoNlojI, hunnaraudyoga, dharma ane adhyAtmavidyA jevA viSaya para lakhyuM che. mastiSkazAstra, pretavAhanavidyA ane khetI jANatA hatA. emaNe bhASA ke joDaNInI lezamAtra paravA karyA vinA jJAnavRddhinI dhagazathI badhI racanA karI che. emanI bhASAnI kaDhaMgI racanAo ane zabdonI vicitratA aMge e samayanA sAhityakAroe sakhata TIkA karI hatI. narasiMharAva sAthe emano gADha paricaya hato ane ]] viziSTa vyaktitvano Alekha narasiMharAvane kAvyo lakhavAnI preraNA ApanAra nArAyaNa hemacaMdra hatA. teo narasiMharAvane vAraMvAra kahetA, "mahAzaya, kAMI kAvyo raco ne."* ene pariNAme narasiMharAve emanA kAvyapravAhane 'TokITokIne' pravAhita karanAra nArAyaNa hemacaMdrane 'sumamALA'mAM A rIte arpaNa lakhyuM-- uThI je svacchaMdA hRdayagirithI kAvya saritA. vahI cAlI mandA kAMThe, kadi kudI teNe tvaritA; pachI sukAraNye paDi sahasA sera viramI, kidhA yatno koTi tarSi laharI pAchi na ramI; bhamanto dezomAM ajaba maMda jAdUgara taha co AvI sAdhu, diThi sarita DUbI raNa mahiM, bhaNI maMtro mothA kA pathare daMDa paryo.-- ane jo ! cAlyo tmAM uchALa baLavegethI jharo; pharI cAlI pelI kavitasaritA satvara ro. hajI nA sukAi; vaDyuM vaDuM huM to dhanya tujane; tune sAdhu zo huM upakRti to ApuM badalo ? sama le A e saritalaharI artha saghaLo. [pR. 350) nArAyaNa hemacaMdrae narasiMharAva sAthe pote karelAM bhASAMtaronI ghaNI carcA karI hatI. nArAyaNa hemacaMdranA jhaDapI sAhityasarjananA prayAsane teo 'pustakonuM kArakhAnuM' kahetA ane te zabdazaH sAcuM hatuM, kAraNa ke saMkhyAbaMdha pustako pragaTa karavAnI atyaMta utAvaLa ane eka divasamAM eka 'pharamA' jeTaluM bhASAMtara karavAno emano niyama emanA bhASAdoSonI puSTi karato hato. teo joDaNInI paravA na karatA anusvAra zatru tarIke jANItA hatA. e samaye nArAyaNa hemacaMdranI gujarAtI bhASA nArAyaNI gujarAtI tarIke oLakhAtI. eno artha e ke azuddha, vyAkaraNadoSavALI, saMskRta-baMgALI doSayukta saMskRtamaya gujarAtI. nArAyaNa hemacaMdranI sAhityika pravRtti vize ahobhAvathI lakhanArA zrI * 'manomukura', pR. 273 5] *

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* zabdasamIpa * ramaNIka mahetAne nArAyaNa hemacaMdra ema kahyuM hatuM ke teo dararoja cha kalAka lakhe che. koI vAra ethI paNa vadhu vakhata sudhI lakhyA kare che. A bAbata vize narasiMharAva majAka karatAM kahetA ke jUnA vicAronAM mAbApo chokarAone vahelA paraNAvavAnI utAvaLa kare che tevI utAvaLa tame pustako chapAvavAmAM karo cho. jo ke A vAta sAMbhaLI nArAyaNa hemacaMdra uttara ApavAne badale hasatA hasatA potAno doSa kabUla rAkhatA. 'huM potemAM emaNe vyAkaraNa ke bhASAzuddhinI koI tamA rAkhI nathI; jema ke 'ThAThane badale 'ghATa' (pR. 261), 'pAlItANAne badale 'pAlItANA', 'zorabakorane badale 'zoha bakora' jevA zabdaprayoga kare che. keTalAka zabdo pracalita karatAM judA arthamAM prayojyA che; jemake 'carcA 'nA arthamAM 'takarAra', 'lakhANanA arthamAM 'lANuM' ane 2kajhakane mATe 'hAho karatA' zabda prayoje che. bIjA keTalAka noMdhapAtra zabdaprayogo joIe : 'Atithyane mATe 'paroNAcAkarI', khoTa Ave tene mATe 'bAI paData', 'samayane mATe 'vAro', 'bhAgIdAra ne mATe 'bhAgiyaNa' jevA zabdo yoje che. potAne mATe vakhatovakhata 'sevaka' zabda prayoje che. kyAMka sArI vAkyalaDhaNa paNa maLe che. jema ke 'potAnA kartAnA havAlAmAM prANa soMpyA'- pu. 31] 'A manuSya dehe tyAM paga ja mUkyo nahIM.' (pR. 49] 'navInacaMdra rAya mArA saddaguNono upAsaka devatA che.' (pR. 91] 'kaDavuM mIThuM karIne khATuM. ' (pR. 158] 'hAthI para besIne bhASaNanI jagAe ame jatA. jANe bhASaNano rAjA zahera mAMthI potAnA mahelamAM jato hoya evuM jaNAtuM.' (pR. 285) 'huM bAbu navInacaMdra rAyane tyAM rahevA lAgyo. bAbunI prIti mane AliMgana karavA lAgI.' (pR. 392) keTaleka sthaLe suMdara varNano jovA maLe che. teo je sthaLe jAya tenuM varNana Ape che. jemake dilhInA myujhiyamanAM citro vizenuM manohara varNana Alekhe che : so * viziSTa vyaktitvano Alekha * dillInA myujhIyamamAM keTalAka uttama citro che, te citromAMthI eka benuM varNana ApavuM yogya jaNAya che. A citro junAM che paNa te bahuM uttama che. te citramAM koI dezanI rAjakumArI joDe kyAMnA rAja kumArano vivAha saMbaMdha nakkI thayo che, zaheramAM pahoLA rAja mArgaparathI moTA moTA khumacAomAM vividha phaLa, miSThAna tathA navA prakAranI rAja bhogya sAmagrI laIne moTI lazkarI palaTaNa gIta vAghanI joDe te taraphanA mahela tarapha laI jAya che. sAthe lAla, sapheda, kALA tathA melakhora cAra zeDA joDelA sonAnA rathanA upara asamAnI caMdaravA nIce nobatakhAnuM che. ane AgalA bhAgamAM, ApaNA dezanI vilAsa kaLA jANe savabharSa saMpUrNa kareche evuM jaNAya che. sAraMgI tathA sitAra mAM, nUpuramAM, vaLayamAM, hAthanA cALAmAM, tathA zarIranI lIlAthI manohAriNI lAsya lIlA che. banne bAjue hAradAra sipAIo che, AsamAnI, gulAbI, sapheda, pILI, lIlA raMganA DagalA sonerI rUperI kora mUkIne paheryA che. ane mAthApara gADha! AzamAnI raMganI pAghaDI paherelI che ane hAthamAM sonAnI chaDIo lIdhelI che, ane pAnathI lAla hoTha thayAthI sacetana pada maryAdAno kaMIka hasto bhAva jaNAya che. ane A suraMjIta dekhAvanI pAchaLa nAcanArIonA pagalAM upaDatAM tathA hAvabhAva jaNAya che ane tAle tAle pharatI tathA bArIka malamalanA upara jarInI koranI karacalImAM jarA jaNAya evA vividha raMganA taMga pAyajAmAM tathA stanane DhAMkavAnI kAcalIo dekhAya che. temAM kanaka yauvana moha saMcArita thaIne jANe vasaMta madonmatta kokIlanA gIta mukharita sirAja purInI eka suMdara marIcikA racanA karI che. paraMtu nipuNa citra kara ATalIvAra sudhI phakta eka mUMgo dekhAva indrajALanI racanA karIne thAkyo nahoto tenA pratyeka naranArIja samAna sajIva sahRdaya manuSya che. ane A ghoDAnA ratha upara AvanArI cAra caraNa tADita nupura sicita lAMbI musApharI teo mUMgA tathA baherAnA jevA thaIne AvyAM nahotA, paraMtu ghaNA halakA premanI ThaThA makarIthI, apAMganA vilolakAnA kaTAkSamAM, mitahArI madhura saMbhASaNamAM tathA sarasa 2 ka 1

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* zabdasamIpa * bhASaNa prasaMgamAM eka mekanA citta vinodana karIne parizrama e kI vakhate bhUlI gayAM che. ane citramAM paNa te ati sArI rIte dekhADyuM che, jyAM eka sAmAMgI pukha meLavA vilAsinI mArganA thakAvaTathI thAkIne kapAlaparano parasevo luchavA mATe kadI ekavAra pachavADe moM pheravyuM hatuM, ane zubha avasare lAla ane nahi rokatA eka caMcaLa citta tarUNA mAvata cheTenA hAthInA uparathI vAhavA sUcaka eka sasmita salAma nivedanamAM potAnI manovedanA jaNAvI, citrakaranI dRSTi te paNa atikrama karI nathI. nobatakhAnAmAM saraNAIno avAja kADhIne anyamanA vagADanAra eka najarathI sAmenA nRtya kaLA kauzaLano upabhoga karato hato te ekAgraSTi citra kara niHzabdathI potAnA citra paTamAM haraNa karIne lAvyo che. je khaMjana nayanAnI utsuka dRSTi, koI paricita priya mukha jovAnI AzAthI cAre bAjue vAraMvAra pherave che, tenA sumAMkita kALA bhamaro manojathI kuMjana vilAsa ahiM pAchInA mohasparzathI pakaDAyA che. ane A badhAmAMja ApaNA mukhe bhAvanA nAnA prakAranA bhAva jaNAvIne citrakaLAnuM manohAripaNuM vadhAre vadhAreluM che. pU. 129thI 131] A ja rIte kAzmIra, himAlaya, mAmalezvara, gaMgA, paMDharapuranAM suMdara varNano maLe che. pahADa, astAcaLa, gADIno Dabbo ke samudranI lIlAnuM varNana paNa Alekhe che. prakRti ane Izvarano ekasAthe anubhava karatA nArAyaNa hemacaMdra lakhe che, sUrya AthamavAno dekhAva joine IzvaranI lIlA anubhavI. sUryanArayaNa asta pAmavAnI veLAe lAla kaMku kaumudInA AvakAra devA mATe A kAzamAM chAMTayo hoya evuM jaNAyuM. AkAzanA pazcimano bhAga lAla thayo. dhIre dhIre te maLI gayo, thoDIkavAre caMdrikAe prakAza Apyo. A kAzamAM tArAo khIlyA jANe AkAzarUpI hoDhaNI samudrarUpI suMdarIe hoDhI hoya tethI samudra bahu suMdara dekhAyo. A suMdaratA nirave rahI. cAMdaraNI pANImAM hasavA lAgI. (5. 305 | * viziSTa vyaktitvano Alekha * kyAMka varNana, kyAMka koI sthaLa vAcakane AMgaLI pakaDIne batAvatA hoya evI rIte paNa Alekhe che : have to pelA baMgalAkho jaNAya che. o peluM carca dekhAyuM. have aMgrejonA baMgalA AvyA. juo juo, kevA pahADanA zikhara upara ADA avaLA baMgalA bAMdhelA che. tyAM javAne ADA avaLA rastA kevA karyA che. A pelo baMgalomAM javAno rasto, te keTalo sIdho che. jatA keTalI muzkelI paDatI haze. jarA rakhAgu pAchuM calAya to kho mAM paDI javAya, tethI tene lAkaDaoNnA kaTherA banAvyA che. vAha ! pahADa pAsaposa bahu suMdara dekhAya che. cAlo, have DAga baMgALAmAM utarIe, DAga baMgALAmAMthI ahiMno bahu suMdara dRzya dekhAya che. cAlo, have bajAramAM jaie. bajAra paNa caDhaNamAM che. A juo bajAranI dukAno ' dukAnadAra kevA lenArane samajAve che. kevA bhalamanasAithI vAta kare che. (pR. 358] vezyAne tyAM laI janArA zrImaMtanA putra vize teo lakhe che ke, huM zeThanI sAthe cAlyo. kyAM cAlyo ? te to huM kAMI jANato nahoto. zeThanA putre rastAmAM kahyuM ke kAle pelI nAcanArI AvI hatI tene ghera Avazo ? tyAM jaIe. meM kahyuM ThIka che, cAlo, pachI teNe chUpI rIte meLavelo rAMDano patto batAvyo pachI ame kAMdAvADImAM zeTha varajIvanadAsa mAdhavadAsanA baMgalAnI sAmenA gharamAM gayA, tyAM be jaNI sAkSAt pratimA joI. teoe mAne pUrvaka amane AvakAra dIdho. pachI zeThanA putra totaDe avAje premano ubharo kADhyo. pachI pAna khAdhAM. te divase to jema gayA hatA tema pAchA ghera AvyA. pachI to A manuSya dehe tyAM pagaja mUkyo nahi, koNa jANe te zrImaMtanA putra keTalIvAra gayA haze ? bApa marI gayAthI ghaNuM dhana hAthamAM AvyuM, bApanI kIrtithI suMdara strI paraNyo. ghaNuM dhana chatAM zeThane coravAnI Teva paDI. keTalIka vakhata te zrImaMtano chokaro kedakhAnAmAM paDaryA ! kaMI paNa tenA bApe bhaNAvyo nahi. hIrAnI vIMTI paherAvIne teno janmAro kharAba . hAla te laMgaDA avasthAmAM zarIranA sa 62 3

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* zabdasamIpa * hADakAMnA mALA jevo eka koTaDImAM paDI rahe che. dhanya che zeThAIne ! pR. 49] 'huM pote'mAM lekhake udbodhanAtmaka zailIno bahoLo upayoga ryo che. potAnA jIvanaprasaMgomAM 'vAMcanAra' sAthe pratyakSa vAta kare che, to sthaLavarNana karatI vakhate vAcakane 'A juo' 'peluM juo' ema kahIne e sthaLono jIvaMta paricaya Ape che. A varNanomAM kyAMka punarAvartana paNa thAya che. AtmacaritramAM kyAMka kalpanAno jhabakAra jovA maLe che. revAlasara jatA hatA, tyAre aMdhArI rAtre eka bAju moTo pahADa ane bIjI bAju UMDI khINa hatI. ciMtAtura nArAyaNa hemacaMdra lakhe che ke e rAtre caMdre potAnuM auSadhinAthanuM nAma sArthaka karyuM.' jUnAgaDhanA navAbane tyAM emaNe je vilAsa joyo tenuM paNa Alekhana karyuM che. dareka sthaLanI vizeSatAo e noMdhe che; jema ke zrInagaramAM rAjyanI hadamAM TapAlamAM AvatA kAgaLa para be paisAnuM mahesUla ApIe to ja kAgaLa maLe. e rIte cAnA bagIcAnA mAliko majUro upara julama karatA hovAthI bAbu navInacaMdra rAyanAM kuTuMbIjano paikI eka rAjacaMdra cA pItA na hatA. naeNzanala kaoNMgresanA adhivezanamAM bhAga letA gujarAtIo vize teo kahe che : gUjarAtI to traNamAM ke nahi teramAM ne chapananA meLAmAM. gujarAtI to ahiM bahuja thoDA dIThA. te vaLI keTalAka amadAvAnA bhAi sAheba. amadAvAdanA bhAi sAhebane to page lAgIe. e to bhAi bolavA nahi. e to dekhAvanA che. gujarAtI varga to paDacA bicAra mananA garIba, tene to A kAyado sAro ke phalANo kharAba tene zI ApadA paDI che. te to potAnA dhaMdhA vepAramAM kuzaLa eTale paisA paisA. ane kharcavAmAM camaDI jAya paNa damaDI na jAya evA eTale paisAno ugAro to bahu thavAno ane jyAre gharamAM TANuTacaku Ave eTale phulaNajI thavAnA. je ekaThuM karyuM hoya te be traNa dahADamAM pAra thavAnuM AvA amadAvAdI hajAo che. temAM vaLI .64. viziSTa vyaktitvano Alekha keTalAMka hAla to vakIlo, bArisTo thaine AvyA che te to jANe svargamAMthI utaryA hoya te evA banyA che. bicAra bhAIsAheba eka be gaNyA gAMThyAM iDiyana nezanala koMgresamAM birAjyA hatA. tenA moM para teja nahotuM. teonuM khAvAnuM bIjuM rasoDuM nahotuM. dakSiNonI joDe khAvAnuM hatuM. kAThiyAvADa to paDyuM dezI rAjya. tyAMthI to koNa Ave ? eka to bhAvanagarano rAjabhaktano eDiTara gIrijAzaMkara ane bIjo kAThiyAvADano gAMdhI ke je jainano upadezaka thaine amerikA iMgleMDamAM phare che teo hatA. bIjA to bhAI bolo rAma. [pR. 387 . navA navA pradezo jovAnI emanI jijJAsA AtmacaritramAM satata pragaTatI rahe che. eka zaherane pharIthI jue tyAre enA parivartananI noMdha kare. rAjA rAmamohanarAyanuM 'tibeTanI musApharI'nuM pustaka vAMcyuM tethI nArAyaNa hemacaMdrane tibeTa javAnI icchA thaI hatI temaja e pachI cIna ane jApAnanI musApharInAM pustako vAMcatAM tibeTa thaIne cIna-jApAna javAno vicAra karatA hatA, joke emanI A icchA pUrNa na thaI, kAraNa ke bAbu navInacaMdrae lAhoramAM emane emanI jamIna ane gharonI rakhevALInuM kAma soMpyuM. baMgALI, hindI, marAThI ne gujarAtI pustako teo satata vAMcatA rahetA. eka aMgreja gRhastha nArAyaNa hemacaMdrane phrenca zIkhavatA hatA. aMgrejI, iTAliyana, jarmana, phrenca ane speniza bhASA zIkhyA hatA. jJAnavRddhinI emanAmAM apAra dhagaza hatI. bAbu navInacaMdra rAyanI ghaNI moTI chAyA emanA para paDI che. ghaNI vAra teo rAtre khATalA para sUtAM sUtAM nArAyaNa hemacaMdrane aMgrejI kRtinuM bhASAMtara saMbhaLAvatA ane nArAyaNa hemacaMdra te dhyAnapUrvaka sAMbhaLatA. nArAyaNa hemacaMdranAM pustakonI arpaNapatrikAo paNa noMdhapAtra che. I. sa. 1881nI pahelI mee muMbaInA orienTala presamAM chapAvIne pragaTa karelA 'jAtibheda ane bhojanavicAra' nAmanuM pustaka emaNe potAnA AryabaMdhuone arpaNa karatAM lakhyuM : ]]

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* zabdasamIpa * mArA Arya bhAIo ane beno, Arya ! bhArata jenI lIlAbhUmi, bhAratI jenI jananI, saMskRta jeno vAkyAlApa, manuM jeno pitR purU Sa, veda vighA jenuM citta prasUta, te jagadgurU Arya jAtine prAtaH smaraNIya A jAtibheda ane bhojana vicAra nAmaka laghu graMtha anurAga 2sAbhiSikta hastathI samarpita karyo che. temAM je vicAranuM uda dhATana karyuM che teno pakSapAta rahita vicAra karI jAtibheda mULathI che ke nahi ane zUdranA hAthanuM khAvuM ucita che ke nahi e niradhArita karIne te pramANe cAlavAno prayatna eka Aryo karyo to tenAthI huM samasta yatna, parizrama ane vyaya saphaLa thavA mAnIza. vinayAvata muMbaI tA. 1 lI me 1881 nArAyaNa hemacaMdra. (5.24-241) A AtmacaritramAM jIvana ane jagata vizenuM emanuM ciMtana paNa pragaTa thAya che. keLavaNI, kIrtinI lAlasA, pravAsano lAbha, ADaMbarayukta dharmotsavo, prema, dharmane nAme kamAvavAnI vRtti jevI bAbato vize teo potAnA vicAro Alekhe che. keLavaNInA be prakAra vize teo noMdhe che : keLavaNInA be prakAra che. eka copaDIo vAMcIne jJAna meLavavuM. te jJAna bIjAe meLavelA zatonano anubhava pote vAMcIne meLavavuM e che. bIjo prakAra pote vastu joIne jJAna meLavavuM te che. vastu joIne ane vastune banatI joIne, je jJAna meLavavuM te jJAna manamAM sArI peThe hase che tethI Aja kAla yuropamAM tevuM jJAna ApavAnI paddhati pasarI che. keLavaNInI kharI rIti je vastunuM varNana karavAmAM Ave te pratyakSa dekhADIne tathA banAvIne ApavAthI tenI asara vadhAre thAya che, evuM vidvAnonuM kahevuM che. jo ke pahelAM huM temAMnuM kaMI jANato nahoto paNa majhA paDavAthI huM tema karato hato eTale skulamAMthI nAsIne bIjI jAtanI keLavaNI meLavato hato. pR. 27-28] * viziSTa vyaktitvano Alekha * jyAre prArthanAsamAjanA utsava vize teoe lakhyuM, utsava AraMbha thayo. moTI dhAmadhUma thai, bahArathI ghaNuM thayuM paNa aMdara zuM thayuM haze te huM anumAna karI zakato nathI. bahArathIja loko jue che. aMdara koNa jue che ? (pR. 2 50] jyAre prema vizenI vicAradhArA pragaTa karatAM teo lakhe che : manamAM meM vicAra karyo ke prema chUTato nathI, jo prema karavAmAM Ave, to te bhUlAto nathI. jo ke huM tenA upara kevo prema rAkhato hato te hamaNAM yAda nathI paNa huM tenI joDe sArI rIte cAlato hoIza evuM anumAna karI zakuM chuM. game tema ho. (pR. 13] A rIte prakRti ane pravAsanI sAthosAtha emanI vicArazIlatA paNa AtmacaritramAM pragaTa thAya che. AmAM AlekhAyelAM zaheronAM varNanomAM eno itihAsa, enAM jovAlAyaka sthaLo, strI-puruSonI jIvanazailI, khAnapAna, kalAkArIgarI, vepAra-udyoga ane utsavonuM citra paNa Ape che. mAravADI, baMgALI, siMdhI, kAzmIrI, madrAsI, amadAvAdI ane vRMdAvananI strIonuM varNana AmAM maLe che. zrInagaranI strIonuM varNana karatAM teo lakhe che : jyAM najara pheMkato hato tyAM khUbasurata strIo AMkhane kheMcatI hatI. paNa kAnanA alaMkAro temane kadarU pA karI nAkhatA hatA. kadAca mAro A saMskAra hoya, paNa kAzmIrIonI pAse te khUbasuratamAM gaNatA hoya evuM jaNAya che. khUbasuratIno khyAla jUdA jUdA mANasomAM jUdo judo hoya che te huM kabUla karuM chuM paNa khUbasuratInA je bahAranAM lakSaNo badhA mANasomAM keTaloka meLa che. te pramANe ahiMnI strIono cahero kaMika laMbagoLa, nAka suMdara, khAMkha haraNanA jevI capaLa, zarIrano bAMdho ghaNo jADo nahi tema ghaNo pAtaLo nahi. te joyAthI manane haraNa kare evI dekhAI. je hoDImAM ame rahetA hatA. te hoDIvALAnI strI paNa suMdara hatI. jyAM strIone joto tyAM kaMika navI khubasuratI joto hato. temAM vaLI paMDitanI strIonI vAta a 67 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * pUchavIja nahi, teone khUbasuratIno namUno kahevAmAM Ave to khoTuM nahi. teonI AMkha nAka paNa suMdara hatAM. bezaka badhI strIonA vize evuM samajavuM nahi. keTalIka strIo to nIcalA pradezamAM tenA jevI maLavI durlabha che evuM jaNAyuM. pU. 362-363] somanAthanA itihAsanuM, kAzInI vizeSatAnuM ane bhUjanA rAjamahelanuM varNana dhyAnArha che. nArAyaNa hemacaMdra sthaLono itihAsa Ape che paraMtu vigatonI pUratI cakAsaNI karavAnI darakAra rAkhatA nathI, AthI ja 'AgrAnI navAIo nAmanA AtmacaritranA chavvIsamAM prakaraNamAM mogala bAdazAha zAhajahAMne badale jahAMgIre tAjamahAla baMdhAvyo ema lakhe che. e ja rIte tAjamahAla pAchaLa lagabhaga be karoDa rUpiyA kharcAyA hatA evuM temaNe lakhyuM che. hakIkatamAM tenI pAchaLa cAra karoDa rUpiyAnuM kharca thayuM hatuM. A AtmacaritranA Alekhana sAthe nArAyaNa hemacaMdranuM sudhAraka tarIkenuM vyaktitva paNa achatuM rahetuM nathI. nAtajAtanI paristhiti para, DoLaghAlu sudhArako para, mUrtio sthApIne ke anya dhArmika kriyAo dvArA peTa bharatA brAhmaNo para ke janoI-vidhinA ADaMbara para teo TIkA kare che. rAjAonI vilAsitAnI pAchaLa thatA kharcAo vize lakhe che, to potAnI pAchaLa anuyAyIonI peDhI UbhI karanAra sAdhu-saMto para kaTAkSa kare che. dharmasthAnomAM cAlatA vyabhicArane teo khullA pADe che. jemake paMDharapura vize teo lakhe che : paMDharapuramAM caMdrabhAgA nAmanI eka nAnI nadI vahe che. temAM taratanA janmelA vidhavAnA chokarAMne nAkhI de che. vidhavA strIo vyabhicAra karIne garbha dhAraNa kare che tethI teno kalaMka dUra karavAnI paMDharapura jagA che. ahiM ghaNI garbhavatI vidhavA strIo garbhano nAza karavA Ave che. tethI paMDharapuramAM jyAre lAlazaMkara umiyAzaMkara mAmalatadAra hatA. tyAre temaNe kaMi ekaThuM karIne anAthAzrama athavA chUpI rIte garbhamAMnA bUccAne jaNAvIne tenuM pAlana poSaNa karavAnuM eka mahIna karyuM che. tyAM keTalIka vidhavA strIo jaine koi na jANe sa evI rIte jaNIne pachI te chokarAMne rAkhIne potAne deza jAya che. A kAmane mATe lAlazaMkarabhAine dhanyavAda ghaTe che. anAthAzrama joyuM. bAbu navInacaMdra rAye paNa anAthAzrama kADhayuM hatuM, temAM meM bhAga lIdho hato te pahelAM jaNAvI gayo chuM. pR. 353-354) e ja rIte mathurA-vRMdAvananA ThaganArAonI vAta kare che. kacchanA mahArAva kheMgArajIne nArAyaNa hemacaMdrae keTalAMka pustako arpaNa karyAM hatAM, chatAM bhUjamAM rANIonI durdazA vize nirbhayatAthI lakhe che : meM bhujamAM sAMbhaLyuM ke rANIonI sthiti bahu kharAba che. te koine moM batAvatI nathI. koI purUSane janAnakhAnAmAM javA dIdhAmAM Avato nathI. tyAM badhI cAkaraDIo kAma kare che. eka be khojA eTale hIjaDA moTI kiMmatathI vecAtA lAvIne tathA nokara rAkhIne rANIne havAle kare che. teo koi koi vakhate rANIone mAre che. jyAre rAjA rANI eka oraDAmAM sUve che, tyAre khojo bAraNAmAM khATalo nAMkhIne Udhe che. jyAre rAjA rANI bahAra nIkaLe tyAre te khase che. AvuM pahelA ja thatuM hatuM. hAlamAM kaMika ochuM che. paNa eTaluM to kharUM che ke rANIone moM jovAnI manAi che, tethI hAlanA kAmadAro potAnI bAiDIone bIjAne moM batAvavAnI manAi kare che. paNa bairAM to aMdara khAne zuM zuM kare che te teo potAnA manamAM sArI peThe samaje che. [5. 311] nArAyaNa hemacaMdrano khyAla svabhASAmAM graMtharacanA karavAno hato. teo noMdhe che ke baMgALIoe svabhASAmAM graMtho lakhyA che ane te mAne che ke jyAM sudhI svabhASAmAM pustako lakhAze nahIM tyAM sudhI sthitimAM koI sudhAro thavAno nathI. | 'pote'mAM nArAyaNa hemacaMdra pote lakhelI kRtiono vAraMvAra ullekha kare che. emanA sAhityika sarjanamAM mukhyatve 'pAMca vArtA' (1903), 'phUladAnI ane bIjI vArtAo' (1903)mAM emaNe kathAo ApI che. 'vaidyakanyA' (1895), 'snehakuTira' (1896), 'rUpanagaranI rAja kuMvarI' | (1904) vagere emanI navalakathAo che. 'jIvanacaritra vize carcA" 0 ka9 ]

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gujarAtI gadyanuM prabhAta * zabdasamIpa * (1895), 'sAhityacarcA' (1896), 'kAlidAsa ane zeksapiyara' (1900) vagere emanAM prAraMbhika vivecanacarcAnAM pustako che. emaNe 'DaoNkTara sAmyuala jonasanuM jIvanacaritra' (1839), 'mAlatImAdhava' (1893), 'priyadarzikA' jevA anuvAdo ApyA che. emaNe baMgALImAMthI paNa aneka anuvAdo ApyA che, je paikI 'saMnyAsI' jevI kathAnA temaNe karelA anuvAda te kALe aneka sAhityarasikonuM dhyAna kheMceluM, maulikatA ke bhASAzuddhinI kazI khevanA karyA vinA emaNe sAhitya, zikSaNa, saMgIta vagere viSayo para khUba lakhyuM che. 'huM pote'mAM emaNe 129mA prakaraNamAM pote lakhelAM pustakonI yAdI paNa ApI che. emaNe 'subodhapatrikA', 'buddhiprakAza', 'nUreAlama', 'gujarAta zALApatra', 'vijJAna vilAsa', 'saurASTra darpaNa', 'AryajJAna vardhaka' jevAM sAmayikomAM lakhyuM. nArAyaNa hemacaMdranA pustakonI yAdI '8000 pustakonI yAdImAM maLe che, te uparAMta paNa emaNe ghaNuM lakhyuM che. vaLI mAtra gujarAtImAM ja nahi, paNa baMgALI, hiMdI ane aMgrejImAM paNa lakhyuM che. A AtmacaritramAM lekhakanI saMniSThA satata pragaTatI rahe che. vAcakane potAnA gamA-aNagamAM saghaLuM kahe che. kyAreka saMbodhana karIne paNa vAcakane potAnI sAthe letA hoya che. potAnA abhiprAyanA nikhAlasa kathana dvArA lekha ka ane bhAvaka vacce kyAMka AtmakathAtmaka anubaMdha saMdhAya che. Ama AtmacaritrakAranI satyaniSThA ane saziSThatA ekAda-be prasaMgone bAda karatAM satata anubhavAya che. lekhakanA svajIvananI maryAdAo pUrepUrI AlekhAI nathI, chatAM lekhakanI vAcakane jIvana-satya ApavAnI nisbata pragaTatI rahe che. A rIte A AtmacaritramAM nArAyaNa hemacaMdranA virala, viziSTa vyaktitvano Alekha maLe che. phrenca nATayakAra moliyaranuM eka pAtra tAratUpha ema kahe che ke mane to khabara ja nahIM ke Aja sudhI huM je bolato hato te gadha hatuM. narmadanA purogAmI gadyalekhako vize AvuM ja kahI zakAya. pote sAhityika lakSaNovALuM gaghalekhana karI rahyA che evI sabhAnatA emaNe sevI nahotI. gujarAtI gadyano prAraMbha svAminArAyaNanAM "vacanAmRto thI, dalapatarAmanA 'bhUtanibaMdha ' jevA nibaMdhothI ke raNachoDabhAI giradharalAlanA pustakathI thayAno ullekha karavAmAM Ave che, paNa gujarAtI gadyano kharo prAraMbha to narmadathI thayo gaNAya, gadya eTale layabaddha bhASAmAM sAhityika AkAra pAmeluM vaktavya. A prakAranuM rUDha gadha narmada ja sahuthI pahelAM ApyuM che, enI agAunA lekhe komAM koIne gadyamAM navaprasthAna karyAnuM mAna maLe tema nathI. narmade joyuM ke aMgrejI ane saMskRta kavio gadya paNa sAruM lakhI zakatA hatA; paNa 'gujarAtI kavio mAtra malina rIte kavitA bhASAmAM ja lakhI gayA che. gadyamAM to kaMI ja lakhyuM nathI. evI mAnasika noMdha laIne teNe sAhityika sugaMdhavALuM gadya lakhavAno prayatna karyo. je rIte aMgrejone anusarIne maMDaLI maLavAthI thatA lAbhanI himAyata karI; a 70 ] 1 71 ]

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* zabdasamIpa e ja rIte sTIla ane eNDisananA 'spekTeTara' jevuM gadyAtmaka lakhANa karavAnI tene hoMza hatI. 'DAMDiyo' pragaTa karIne eNe gadya vAMcavA aNuTevAyelI prajAne gadya vAMcatI karavAno upakrama rAkhyo hato. A dRSTie narmada e ApaNo pahelo gadyakAra gaNAya. senAnI narmadane enA jamAnAmAM vIra narmada ke sudhAraka narmada tarIke oLakhavAmAM Avyo ane sAhityamAM e kavi narmada tarIke jANIto thayo, paraMtu vIra narmada e jeTaluM tenA vyaktitvane anurUpa lAge che, teTaluM Aje narmadanI sAhityapravRttino samagra vicAra karatAM kavi narmada kadAca baMdhabesatuM na lAge. enA samayanA lokoe narmadane kavi tarIke bhale biradAvyo hoya, zrI vizvanAtha bhaTTe kahyuM che tema, narmada pote mahAkavino bhAre vAgho paherIne satata pharyA karato hoya tema bhale banyuM hoya, paNa enAM lakhANo parathI nakkI karavuM hoya to kavi karatAM gadyakAra narmadane UMce Asane mUkavo paDe. narmadanA AvegazIla, dezadAjhathI baLabaLatA ane 'yAhoma karIne' kazuMka navuM karI nAkhavAno utsAha dharAvatA vyaktitvane mATe gadya ja sahajasiddha vAhana banI rahe che. gadyamAM e khIle che ane emAM ja enI zaktino dhodha vahe che. vaLI cheka sattaramAM varSe eNe gadyaracanA zarU karI ane mRtyuparyaMta gadyamAM lakhyuM, jyAre enA kAvyasarjanano kALa to mAMDa agiyAra varSa jeTalo rahyo. kavitAnA kSetre anugAmI kavio mATe kAvyaprakAra, zailI, chaMda ityAdimAM navA prayogo karavA mATe teNe potAnI kAcIpAkI racanAothI dvAra kholI ApyAM. 'jaya jaya garavI gujarAta' ke 'avasAnasaMdeza' jevI thoDI premazauryanI racanAo ApI. paNa Ajeya enAM gadyalakhANo vAMcatAM eka pratibhAzALI sarjakanI chApa paDe che. enA samagra jIvanano Alekha to gadyamAMthI maLe che, paNa enA mananI chabI paNa gadyamAM ja jhilAI che. enI kAvyakRtiomAM jeTalI zuddha, sarjanAtmaka racanAo nIkaLe, tenA karatAM tenAM gadyalakhANomAMthI anekagaNI vadhAre kRtio pahelI ja najare dhyAna kheMce tevI maLaze. bIjI vAta e ke pazcimanA gadyakAronA parizIlanathI gadyatattva vize tema ja gadyaprakAro vize enA manamAM spaSTa khyAla baMdhAyelo. tethI kavitAnA namUnA uparathI kavitA racavAmAM ene saphaLatA maLI, ethI vadhu saphaLatA gadyano namUnA parathI gadya racavAmAM maLI che. 'saMpa', 'sukha', 'kAma', 'punarvivAha', 'svadezAbhimAna', 'sudhArAnuM visarjana', 'brahmatRSA', 'Aryoddhodhana', 'dharmanI agatya', 'gujarAtI bhASA', 'suratanI caDatIpaDatI', 'yuropanI traNa mahAna prajAnAM lakSaNo', ]72] * gujarAtI gadyanuM prabhAta * 'mahAbhAratanAM pAtronI samAlocanA', 'raNamAM pAchAM pagalAM na karavA vize' athavA to 'sikaMdara' ke 'nepoliyana'nuM caritrakIrtana ke 'kavicaritra vize'nuM vivecana jevAM lakhANo narmadanA gadyanA AvirbhAvanI vibhinna ane viziSTa koTio batAve che. I. sa. 1850mAM 'maMDaLI maLavAthI thatA lAbha' e narmade vAMcelo nibaMdha te enuM paheluM gadyalakhANa. pachI to eNe gadyamAM nibaMdha, caritra, itihAsa, koza, vivecana, saMzodhana, patra vagere prakAro kheDyA. e dareka prakArane viziSTa sAhityasvarUpa tarIke kheDavAno eno prayatna hato. koI paNa bhASAnA sAhityanA AraMbhakALe eka ja sarjaka ATalA badhA gadyaprakAromAM navaprasthAna kare evuM ochuM bane che. gujarAtI sAhityane mATe e AnaMdanI bInA gaNAya ke ene AraMbhakALamAM ja Avo samartha prayogazIla lekhaka maLyo. pachI thayelA vikAsanA pariprekSyamAM Aje bhale ApaNane narmadanuM gadya sthULa, aNaghaDa ke ochI guNavattAvALuM lAge, paNa aitihAsika dRSTie enuM jeTaluM mahattva AMkIe teTaluM ochuM che, kemake eNe navo cIlo pADIne anugAmIone mATe navo mArga cIMdhI Apyo, jene pariNAme ATalo vikAsa thayo. gujarAtI gadyanA grAphane jotAM ema kahI zakAya ke paMDitayuganI peDhIe je vikAsa karyo che te narmadanA khabhA para besIne karyo che. mAtra nibaMdhanA svarUpanI ja vAta karIe to narmade vyAkhyAnazailI ane ciMtanazailIno AraMbha karyo, ane tenuM ja sAtatya pachInI peDhIe vikasAvyuM che. narmada samAjathI aLago ekaDiyA mahelamAM besI sAhityika pravRtti karanAra lekhaka nahoto. e pahelo samAjasudhAraka hato, ane pachI lekhaka hato, kAraNa ke enuM mukhya kArya to potAnA jamAnAnI prajAne ajJAna ane jaDatAmAMthI jAgrata karavAnuM hatuM ane e arthe ja eNe samAjasudhArAnI pravRtti upADI hatI. sudhAraka tarIke sabhAo yojIne e jema sudhArAno pracAra karato hato, tema sudhArAnA mAdhyama tarIke eNe enAM gadyalakhANone vAhana banAvyAM hatAM. Ave samaye narmadanuM gadya lohIthI lakhAtuM gadya lAge che. 'svadezAbhimAna' nibaMdhamAM narmada kahe che. "are o bhATa cAraNo ! tamArI kaLA kyAM gumAvI nAkhI che ? rAjAone ayogya rIte zA vAste yazanA tADa upara caDAvI do cho ? nekIdAro ! tame rAjAonA durvikAro e nekI jANI pokAro cho ? nItimAna lokonA pratinidhi thaI, rAjAone cetavo ke rAjA ! ame tamArA nekIdAra kahevAyA ne tamArI n73]

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* zabdasamIpa * nekI to kaMI ja nathI, mATe badI choDI do ne amane tamArI nekIne ja pokAravA do. nahi to thoDe dahADe tamAre kaMgAla thavuM paDaze. kavio ane kArabhArIo, tamArA gajavAne na juo; dezano khajAno jAya che ema vicAro. rAjAonI sustI, teonI nAmaI, teonI avidvattA e uMpara niMdAyukta kavitA raca jethI, teo dubhAIne cAnaka rAkhIne kuLanAma boLyAM che tene tAre. rAjAo ja potAnA dravyathI zrama laI dIrdhadaSTi doDAvaze tyAre ja hiMdunuM nAma UMcuM Avaze. mahenata karatA maravAthI kema bIo cho ? o rajapUto ! 'rasva mara tuna' kammara bAMdhI dezATana karo ne tyAMthI navI yuktio lAvIne tamArA rAjyane sudhAro." A lakhatI vakhate narmadanA hRdayamAM kevo 'josso' UchaLato haze. ATalI ja tejAbI zailImAM narmade samAjamAM pravartatA daMbha, zoSaNa ane chetarapiMDIne dUra karavA prayatna karyo. AnI pAchaLa enuM utsAhathI UchaLatuM joma jeTaluM kAraNabhUta che eTalI ja enA hRdayanI saccAI paNa che. macchara karaDe to karaDavA devo ane roga Ave to osaDa na karavuM athavA to karmamAM lakhyuM haze te thaze enuM vicAranAra narmada nathI. e to mAne che ke mANasa thaIne kArya-kArya na samajIe to 'DhoramAM ne ApaNAmAM phera zo ?' vidhavAonI durdazA vize, 'punarvivAha' nibaMdhamAM pratyeka zabda narmadanI vedanAnuM AMsu TapakatuM dekhAya che. ahIMyAM enI zailI dhAradAra ane pAradarzI banI jAya che, paNa enA mULamAM to enA hRdayane zIrNa-vizIrNa karI mUkatI vedanAo che. e kahe che - "zaherezahera, gAmegAma ne gheraghera, vidhavAnAM duHkhathI thatAM pApathI loka jANItAM che. ane koI bALaka vidhavAne tenA ekAMtamAM nisAsA mUkatI jovI athavA dilagIrInA vicAramAM DUbI gayelI jovI, tene prasaMge (lagna kAryamAM vizeSa karIne) haDahaDa thatI jovI, te bIcArI para (arajJAna avasthAmAM) AvI paDelI garIbAI ane dAnAInI tasavIra jovI, tene cAramAM beThI chate potAnI ja dilagIrImAM kaNakaNo khAtI jovI, tene niraMtara zokathI sukAI jatI jovI, tene vaza utAratI vakhate TaTaLatI tathA AraDatI jovI. ne Akhare mAthuM aphALatI hajAmanI pAse zaramAtI jatI jovI, ane pAchI rUDhi vahemanA julamane sahana karatI jovI e saghaLuM zuM mANasajAtanI kumaLI chAtIne vIMdhI nAkhIne ekadama dayAno jobho ANavAne basa nathI ? paththara, loDhuM ane vaja * gujarAtI gadyanuM prabhAta * e jaDa chatAM paNa vidhavAonA sparza thakI pANI pANI thaI jAya; nathI thaI jatAM tenuM kAraNa e ke vidhavAo samajatI avasthAmAM kukarma kare che ethI te jaDa padArthamAMthI dayA khasIne temanAmAM dhikkAra pese che. re paththara palaLe to kumaLI chAtI kema na palaLe ?" narmadanA gadyanuM baLa ahIM pratIta thAya che. e jeTalA AgrahathI zerabajAra ke rovAkUTavAnI ghelachA para prahAra kare che, evo ja prahAra kazAya saMkoca vagara dhanika varga ke DoLaghAlu agraNIo para karatAM acakAto nathI. samAja nA A baDekhAMo upara e evo 'DAMDiyo " vagADe che ke bhalabhalA enAthI dhrujatA hato; nirbhayatA ane vANInI timatA e 'DAMDiyo'nAM mukhya lakSaNa gaNAya; AthI ja jeNe agAu 'DAMDiyo'ne madada karI hoya paNa e pachI enA TIkA karanArA matalabiyA mitrone paNa sAvaceta rahevAnuM kahe che. gujarAtI zeThiyA ke gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTInI TIkA karatAM 'DAMDiyo' acakAto nathI. AmAM narmadanI nirbhIkatA pragaTa thAya che. "mArI hakIkata'mAM narmade eka sthaLe noMdhyuM che ke lyuthare ema kahyuM hatuM ke moholanA jeTalAM naLiyAM che teTalA mArA dumana haze topaNa mAro mata choDIza nahi. tyAre lyutharanA A vAkyano ullekha karIne narmada kahe che ke e naLiyA bhAMgyAthI nAnI nAnI kakaDIo thAya teTalA duzamana haze topaNa huM darakAra rAkhavAno nathI. narmadanA gadyano janma potAnA jamAnAnA pratyAghAtamAMthI thayo che. AthI ja e potAnAM gadyalakhANone prasaMganA jossAonI nizAnI kahe che. narmada jussAbhera potAnA kuzaLa vaktatvathI, hAthanI judI judI ceSTAothI, bhinna bhinna Aroha-avarohathI zrotAone saMbodhatAM kahe che - "vahemI ane du:kha detA bhUta, pizAca, pitR vagerenA vicAro vize sAvadha rahetA jAo, nAtanA dora ochA karo, kavionA alaMkArone kharA na mAno. dhIme dhIme naThArI cAla kADhI nAkhatA jAo ne tene badale tamArAM vidyA, jJAna, anubhava ane buddhi jenI sUcanA kare che te vAto svIkAratA raho. hiMmata, hiMmata, hiMmata dharo. jenI pAse sAdhana na hoya tene saghaLI vAtanI vAra lAge, paNa tamArI pAse rasALa jamIna che, amulya khANo che, je joIe te tamArI pAse ja che. vidyA ane zrama e paNa tamArA ja hAthamAM che. tyAre kaho bhAI, zA mATe na maMDI paDIe ? dekhItI AMkhe, kumaLI cAmaDIe ane nAjuka dila, duHkhanA baLApA kema sahana karIe ? Avo, ApaNe raNamAM udyamabuddhithI tera vAra uchALIe. " 74 ]

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* gujarAtI gadyanuM prabhAta * "bALaka chokarAono vivAha karI teone baMdhanamAM rAkho cho - 15 varSano thaze ke gRhasthAzrama laI doDaze. have e chokarA zuM vidyAbhyAsa kare ne paisA kamAya ? zuM strIne sukhI karI pote pAme ? vighArahasya te zuM jANe ? zuM zodha kare ne zuM nAma kare ? 20 varSanI aMdara te khochAmAM ochAM be chokarAMthI vIMTaLAyelI ja hoya !" * zabdasamIpa * tenI uddhodhanAtmaka zailImAM eka prakAranuM baLa che. emAM TUMkAM TUMkA vAkyothI e baLano uchALa anubhavAya che. kyAreka to 'vahAlA dezIone 'IrSA, pAtaka ne maheNAMrUpI cAbUkanA mArathI uzkerAIne kAmakAje maMDI paDo. ne dezanuM nAma hatuM tevuM kahevaDAvo' evA AzayathI paNa dhAradAra gadha prayoje che. vartamAna samayamAM jovA maLatA kusaMpa vize hoya ke phArbase lakhelA 'rAsamALA'nA pustakanI prazaMsA karavI hoya tyAre paNa AvI ugbodhananI zailI yoje che. kyAMka 'tame " "jyAM' jevA zabdo para vAkyAraMbhe vAraMvAra bhAra mUkIne narmada potAnI baLakaTa vANImAM dezabaMdhuone jAgrata thavA ubodhe che - "o hiMduo ! tame koI divasa maMDaLImAM maLI, ekamata thavAno vicAra nathI kIdho. tame sudhArA-vadhArAnA kAmamAM AgaLa nathI paDayA, tame dezane, rojagAra kArakhAnAMoe prakhyAta karavAne svapnAmAM paNa dhAryuM nathI. tame eTake kema aTakI rahyA cho ?'ja kavitA na hoya to sadguNa, prIti, svadezAbhimAna, maitrI enI zI dazA thAta ? A suMdara ramaNIya jagatano dekhAva kevo thAta ? A duniyAnAM duHkhamAM ane motanA bhayanA vakhatamAM ApaNane dilAso kyAMthI maLata ? ane mukhya pachI ApaNe zI umeda rAkhata ? kavitAthI saghaLI vastu prItimaya thaI rahe che. " jyAM prajAmAM jAtibheda, kuLaabhimAna, ne dharmamatAbhimAna e thakI taDAM baMdhAelA - jyAM eka varga dharmane bahAne bIjAne potAnA tAbAmAM rAkhe che ne e bIjo ajANa rahI bhoLA bhAvamAM tAbe thaI rahe che ne kuLano ja udyama kare che - jyAM vargomAM paraspara khAvApIvAno ne kanyA ApavA levAno eTakAva che - jyAM dharmasaMbaMdhI matabheda ghaNA hoIne te janamAM paraspara virodha karAve che - jyAM so vartamAnanA ja lAbhane joya che, paNa bhaviSyanA jotA nathI - jyAM sau svArthabuddhinA ja dAsa thaI rahe che, paNa paramArthabuddhine anusarIne vartatA nathI - jyAM jIvatA sukha bhogavavA upara thoDI ne mue sukha bhogavavAnA bodha ApavA levAnI bahu kALajI che - jyAM garama lohIthI maLatA UcA sukhanI zubhecchA nathI, paNa ThaMDA lohInAM sukhathI saMtoSa che - tyAM aikyanI, dezadAjhanI - samaja kyAMthI jovAmAM Ave ?" AvI rIte pahelA zabda para bhAra mUkIne narmadA pravartamAna sthiti pratye dhyAna kheMce che, to ghaNI vAra satata prazno pUchIne potAnA bhAvane vedhakatAthI pragaTa karato hoya che. bALavivAha " ane "kavitA" e be bhinna viSaya para potAnA vicAro vyakta karatAM kahe che - narmadanA gadya para eNDisana ane sTIlanAM lakhANono prabhAva hato, tema kvacit saMskRtanI ziSTa chaTA paNa pragaTatI dekhAya che, paraMtu vizeSataH taLapadI bhASAbhaMgIothI teNe ApaNA gadyanI prAthamika bAMdhaNI taiyAra karI che. taLapadI bhASAno eno upayoga svAmI AnaMdanuM smaraNa karAve che. paNa svAmI AnaMdanA gadyamAM aneka bolIonA mizraNamAMthI taLapado ghATa baMdhAya che, tyAre narmadanI bhASAmAM suratI bolIno ja prayoga jovA maLe che. narmada enA purogAmI kavionAM kAvyono abhyAsI hato ane samakAlIna prajAjIvananA paNa gADha saMparkamAM hato. AthI tenI zailI lakhAvaTamAM ane sIdhI coTadAra vAkyaracanAomAM enuM zuddha gujarAtI adhyAsa dhAraNa kare che. - AkhAbolo narmada koInIya zeha rAkhyA vinA taDa ane phaDa kahI devAmAM mAnanAro che, game tevuM jokhama kheDanAra sAhasika che ane satyane khAtara game teTaluM sahana karavA taiyAra che. patrakAratvanI A UMcI nItimattA narmade sau pahelAM gujarAtI patrakAratvamAM sthApI ema kahI zakAya. 'DAMDiyo' evuM halakuM nAma rAkhIne paNa UMcuM kAma karavAnI enI nema hatI. e nemane lakSamAM na rAkhIe to ghaNAMne uchAMchaLApaNuM, uddhatAI ane aparucimAM rAce tevI vRtti enA lakhANamAM jovA maLe. paNa suratI mijAja dharAvatA narmadane enI pAse je zabdabhaMDoLa ke bhASAno khajAno hato eno ja upayoga karavAno hato. e jotAM 'DAMDiyo'nAM lakhANo ApaNA gaghanuM baliSTha kAThuM bAMdhavAmAM pAyAnI maToDInI 0 77 ] 99

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* zabdasamIpa * garaja sAre che. eNe saTTAkhorIthI kevI durdazA thAya che te darzAvatA 'TekacaMda zAhane ghera mhoMkANa' evA eka lekhamAM TekacaMda zAhanI eka ukti mUkI che te joIe - "sAlA ApaNA kadama ja bakhatAvara che ? jAhAM jAya UMko tAhAM samudara sUko ? ApaNe jAhAM jaIe chIe tAMhAM sAta'sAta ! paNa emAM mAro nahi paNa karamano vAMka. khaMkherAyA to jabarA, paNa have bahArathI DoLa rAkhavuM. lAlAjInA baLadanI peThe peTamAM khADA paNa pheMphAM karatAM cAlavuM. mIA paDe paNa TaMgaDI khaDI ema rAkhavuM, bhItaranI vAta rAmajI buje. bIjo kAMI ilAja che ? coranI mA koThImAM moho ghAlIne raDe ! mane mArI jAtane vAste thoDI phikara che paNa mAro DaphoLacaMda chokaro sADI traNa che. paththarano bhamaraDo, kALA akSarane phUTI mAre, tenI AgaLa zI vale thaze. pa Ama enAM lakhANomAM gharagaththu zabdo bahoLA pramANamAM maLe che. enI pAse gujarAtI bhASAnA rUDha prayogonuM bahoLuM zabdabhaMDoLa hatuM. gadyamAM navaprasthAna karavAnuM hatuM, sAme gujarAtI gadyanA namUnAo paNa nahotA, eTale e potAnA samayamAM prayojAtI bhASAne kAme lagADe te svAbhAvika che. eNe kahevato ane rUDhiprayogono mokaLe hAthe upayoga karyo che. kyAreka hAsya utpanna karavA e kahevatano sacoTa upayoga kare che. kyAreka tenAthI vaktavya vadhu vedhaka bane che. kyAMka kahevatano Dhaga khaDakIne potAnA vaktavyano muddo samajAve che. narmada jeTalI taLapadI uktio bhAgye ja bIjA koI lekhake prayojI haze. svAminArAyaNanAM vacanAmRtomAM taLapaduM tattva che. paNa te vAtacIta DhabanuM che. narmade A taLapadA tattvanAM baLa, ojasa ne prasAdano sAhityika ghATa ghaDyo te enI vizeSatA. ane Avo taLapadI bhASAno prayoga lakhANamAM, vAtacIta ane rojiMdA vyavahAranI bhASAnI chApa UbhI kare che. AthI kadAca ema lAge ke AmAM sAhityika tattva kayuM ? rojiMdI bhASAmAM vaparAtA zabdo kevI rIte goThavAya che ane temAMthI kevo AkAra Ubho thAya che, enA uparathI ja e gadya che, emAM sAhityika tattva che eno khyAla Ave. narmade enA vaktavyamAM eka prakArano laya siddha karyo che. je tene sAhityika ghATa ApavAmAM madadarUpa thAya che. potAnA kathananI coTa sAthe te rIte vAkyone te layabaddha voTa Apato AgaLa cAle che. A laya te narmadanA gadyano prANa che. ] 38 ] gujarAtI gadyanuM prabhAta * narmadanA gadyanuM eka bIjuM mahattvanuM lakSaNa te enI pravAhitA che. vaktavyanA dhasamasatA pUramAM e bhAvakane kheMcI jAya che. e samAjahitaciMtaka hovAne kAraNe enA vaktavyamAM vicAra hoya che. paNa e vicAramAM jusso ke lAgaNIno ukaLATa evI rIte bharelo hoya che ke sAMbhaLanArane vaktAnA hRdayadravyanI utkaTatA spardhA vinA rahe nahIM. saTTAnA vaMToLa aMge 'DAMDiyo'mAM kahe che - * "AjakAla dhanavaMto potAnA lobha, mada, mathana ane sarasAInA joramAM potAnA dhanamAna vadhAravA sAruM prathama garIbane nAkhI devA ne pachI potAne jhaMpalAvavAne ane chevaTe dezane pADavAne kharArIno khADo khode che. dhana kADhavAne khADo khode che ema dekhAya topaNa Akhare te khADAmAMthI UnI jvALA nIkaLavAnI ke jeNe karIne khADAmAM paDelA pahelA ne na paDelA pachI, vahelA moDA sarve dezIjana baLI maravAnA, a re re 2 2 ! AjakAla badhA bahAvarA bahAvarA banI rahyA che. o bhAva vadhyo, o ghaTyo ema rAtadahADo karyA kare che. - cAra mitro ekaThA maLyA to tyAM paNa te ja vAta. gharamAM rAte kuTuMba sAthe jamavA beThA, to tyAM paNa pote potAnA vicAramAM ja. hAM hAM ! AjakAla paNiyata strIpuruSanI kuLadevI jaMpa pArakA strIpuruSanI kuLadevI thaI che. sarasvatIe kuMbhakarNanI nidrA lIdhI che. akhaMDa prItajota bevacanIpaNuM tathA vizvAsaghAta enA jherI vAyuthI gherAI gaI che. mAyAvI rAkSasI lakSmInuM rAjya joI bacArI bhakti nIti khUNekhotare bharAI rahyAM che -- Izvara to buddhAvatAra ja laIne beTho che. ThIka ThIka != narmadanA gadyamAM vicAra karatAM lAgaNInI saLaMgasUtratAthI pragaTa thatI pravAhitA jovA maLe che. A dRSTie joIe to vyAkhyAnazailInA nibaMdho pUrva narmadanA vyaktitvanI viziSTa mudrA dhAraNa kare che. emAM udbodhananuM tattva paNa dhyAna kheMce che. potAnA zrotAone uddezIne, dezabaMdhuone uddezIne, pratipakSIone uddezIne e vividha bhAvakakSA (Pitch), Tona ane lahekA sAthe saMbodhana karato dekhAya che. prema, darda, paDakAra, kaTAkSa ke prahAra e saMbodhanonA lahekAdAra uccAra parathI ja samajAI jAya che. hiMduone uddezIne karelI vAta, sudhArAnA kaDakheda tarIke eNe karelAM saMbodhano ane 'DAMDiyo' tarIkenAM enAM 'sAvadha thajo'nAM uccAraNo A vAtanI sAkSI pUre che. -79

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* zabdasamIpa * vaLI te rUpakaulI prayoje che. "brahmatRSA' nibaMdhamAM tarasyA sAbaranA rUpaka dvArA brahmapAnanI icchA kevI sarasa rIte vyakta karI che ! vaktavyane rUpakamAM maDhIne mUkavAnI enI Teva che, jenA prabhAva nIce anugAmI gadyakAro paNa AvelA jovA maLaze. dA.ta., potAnA jamAnAnI bolAtI bhASA vize rUpakazailImAM kahe che - suratanI bhASA kahe kaMIka ThiMgaNI, nAjuka ne kumaLI che. amadAvAdanI kaMIka UMcI ne kaThaNa che. kAThiyAvADanI jADI che ne zabda zabda bhAra sAthe chUTI bolAya che." 'dharmanI agatya ' e nibaMdhamAM rUpakathI vAta karatAM narmada kahe che - 'vighArANI - e lokanA mana upara rAjya karavAne ane sudhAro dAkhala karavAne jAte zaktimAna che to - paNa tene be pradhAnanI jarUra che. jamaNI khurasIno besanAra pradhAna dharma ane DAbI khurasIe besanAra pradhAna rAjyasattA che. e be pradhAna ane trIjI rANI ekamata thaI kAma kare, to dezasudhAro vahelo ane pAko ane bahoLo thAya, emAM kaMI zake nahi." kyAre ka te rU5kane khUba cagAve che. 'DAMDiyo'mAM zeranA kAgaLanA kanakavA banAvavAnuM kahIne narmada lakhe che - chokarAo re, tamAre majA che - zeranAM kAgaLiyAMnA kanakavA banAvI cagAvavAnuM ThIka thaze. e kanakavA cagaze tyAre temAM phInAnaso ane beMko dekhAze ane pachI ekadama goLa khavADI tamArA moTerAone batAvajo ke tamArI phInAno ane be ko Ama ja havAmAM caDI caLa kI haze ane Ama ja pAchI nIce paDI sUI gaI haze ane pachI 'AnuM karanAra to Ama gayuM ne aMDaLamaMDaLa hAthamAM rahyuM" ema bolI haiyAzo ke hAthamAMnI dorI paNa mUkI devI paDI haze. chokarAo, have tamAro vAro che. paNa jarA sIdhA raho. dorI, mAMjo, lAhI, kAmaDI taiyAra karavA mAMDo. eTale kanakavAnA kAgaLo (zeranAM khokhAM) paNa raste kUdatAM kUdatAM tamArI pAse Avaze !" narmade Thera Thera AvI rUpakazailI prayojI che. kyAMka A rUpaka sthaLa athavA to sAtatya vinAnuM banI jAya che, tema chatAM gujarAtI gadyamAM A viziSTa nirUpaNarIti noMdhapAtra bane che. ghaNI vAra prAMtika bhASAo vize banyuM che tema rUpako dUrASTa lAge che. a 80 ] * gujarAtI gadyanuM prabhAta * narmada upamA ane dRSTAMtono paNa khUba upayoga karyo che. sajIvAropaNa vize teNe eka svataMtra lekha lakhyo che. sajIvAropaNane alaMkAra gaNato narmada saMpa vize sajIvAropaNathI vAta kare che. AvI ja rIte narmadanI zailI citrAtmaka varNano ApavAmAM khIlI UThe che. sAmAjika kurivAjonuM varNana - pachI te kusaMpa ke vidhavAnI durdazAnuM hoya, baMkabAInA vilApanuM hoya ke rovA-kUTavAnA kurivAjanuM hoya - citrAtmaka rIte tIkhA zabdo ane TADhA kaTAkSathI Ape che. narmadanA gadyamAM dalapatarAmanA gadya jeTaluM hAsya nathI, paraMtu 'DAMDiyo mAM eNe kyAMka zabdanA punarAvartanathI ke kyAMka gadyamAM prAsa mUkIne hAsya niSpanna karyuM che. jemake-- "je sudhArAvALA khArA thaIne bhASaNonA bhArA bAMdhI mahArAjane DArA detA hatA te rAMDelI dArAnAM lagna karavAnA dhArA kahADavAmAM sArA AgevAna tArA jevA gaNAtA hatA, te have parabArA naThArA thaI jaI mahoDethI kahevAtA sudhArAne choDI rAMDarAMDonI peThe kALAM hoDAM karI kyAM phare che. rasaLatI zailImAM amUrta bhAvane mUrta karavAnI enA gaghamAM zakti che. kAmane saMbodhIne eNe lakhelo nibaMdha kAmanA vazIkaraNane hUbahU darzAve che. narmada sIdho ja viSayanI vacce Ubho rahI, hAtha UMco karIne jussAbhera vaktavyano AraMbha kare che. anekavidha viSayo para lakhIne eNe vibhinna zailIprayogathI ziSTa gadyalekhananI navI navI dizAo ughADI ApI. navaprasthAnanI ane navInatAnI dizAmAM gati karavAmAM je muzkelIo Ave teno satata sAmano karyo. potAnA samayamAM upalabdha sAdhanothI gujarAtI bhASAnI joDaNI sthApavA prayAsa karyo. narmadanI dRSTimaryAdA mAtra sAMpratamAM ja sImita nahotI. enA ghaNA nibaMdho enI vyApaka ane dUragAmI dRSTino saMkta kare che. mAtra khaLabhaLATa ke prahAramAM rAcanAro nahIM, balka prajAmAnasanA samULagA parivartananI enI nema hatI. sukhasaMpattinA varasAda mATe saMpanI jarUra che ema kahIne e prazna kare che - tame varaghoDo ane nAtavarA karavAmAM hajAro rUpiyA kharcI nAkho cho tenA karatAM garIbagarabAMone kAma lagADavAmAM kema nathI nAMkhatA ? jemAM tamane ane teone bannene lAbha thAya. garIba ane tavaMgara vacce prIti vadhavA do ane pachI dhanabaLa, ughamabaLa ane buddhibaLano ekaTho saMpa thayo ane te suvicArane maLyo eTale pachI tamane tamArA manoratha pAra paDelA jovAmAM lAMbA dahADA nahi lAge." 1 81 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * 'strIkeLavaNI' vizenA nibaMdhamAM narmada kahe che - keLavaNI pAmeluM strIratna kadI potAnuM teja khotuM nathI. jema jema te vaparAya che tema tema te vadhAre prakAza Ape che." AvI ja rIte graMtha kAre TekIlA thavuM joIe e vizenI narmadanI vAta AjanA saMdarbhamAM keTalI yathArtha che ! e kahe che - dalagirInI vAta che ke Aja kAla lokamAM graMtho vAMcavAnI saktI tathA rUcI na hovAthI graMthanI chapAIno paNa kharaca nikaLato nathI. tAre zuM karavuM ? jaDa zeThiyAMonI khuzAmata karI graMtha vecavA ? nA, nA. khuzAmata karI graMtha vecavAnA karatAM graMtha lakhI rAkhI na chapAvavA e vadhAre DahApaNabhareluM che. keTalAeka svArathI graMtha kAro bAnA batAve che ke rUcI karAvavAne khuzAmata karavI joIe. hame kahie che ke khuzAmata karI rUcI karAvavAnA karatA TekamAM 2hI ghaTate sAdhane rUcI karAvavAmAM saMthakArane mAna che. * narmadanuM gadya kyAMka aNasarakhuM vahe che. kyAMka zikhAmaNanA bojavALuM, to kyAMka sughaDatAno abhAva dharAvatuM lAge che. tenI sImita kalpanAzaktine kAraNe enA gadyamAM lAlityanI kharekharI khoTa varatAya che, Ama chatAM agAunA gadya karatAM enA gadyamAM ghaNI vyavasthitatA che. utsAhI ane bhAvavAhI evuM enuM A gadya svayaMbhU pragaTeluM che. ADaMbarI saMskRta vANIne sthAne eNe rUDha, ramatiyALa ane marmALI bhASA prayojI tenA vikAsanI apAra zakyatAo darzAvI che. samartha gadyakAra tarIke, patrakAra tarIke ane prayogazIla agrayAthI (Pioneer) tarIke, sAhityamAM te ciraMjIva sthAna pAmelo che. enI vyAkhyAnazailInA nibaMdhonuM sAtatya enA samakAlIno uparAMta pachInI peDhInA maNilAla nabhubhAI ane baLavaMtarAya ThAkora sudhI vistareluM che. 'inDiyana opiniyana 'mAMnAM gAMdhIjInAM lakhANomAM paNa narmadanA gadha-saMskAra dekhAya che. emAM narmada jevI rukSatA, taLapadI bhASA ane ubodhanazailI maLe che. - narmadanA vicAraparivartananI sAthosAtha enI zailI navo vaLAMka dhAraNa kare che. ene potAnA sahakAryakartAomAM daMbha, kAyaratA ane chetarapiMDI dekhAya che ane sAthosAtha 'rAja raMga' lakhyA pachI enI jIvana vizenI dRSTi vizALa, UMDI ane tattvane sparzanArI thAya che. pazcimanuM AMdhaLuM anukaraNa karavAthI thatA a 82 ] * gujarAtI gadyanuM prabhAta * geraphAyadA ene dekhAya che. pote atyAra sudhI jene sudhAro kaheto hato, te kharo sudhAro nathI, paNa saMskRtinA punaruddhAramAM sAco sudhAro rahelo che evuM ene pratIta thAya che. e aDaga satyavIra hato, tethI potAnA navA vicAronI niMdA thaze tenI paravA karyA vagara ene AcAramAM mUkavA tatpara thayo. eNe potAnI navI nIti jAhera karI. svadharma'nuM saMrakSaNa ne nyAyabuddhinuM brAhmaNabuddhinuM mahAbhya ane mAtrabuddhinuM audArya e amAruM mata che.' ema kahIne te 'OM sAbu sadAziva' bolato nivRttidharma svIkAre che ane saMrakSa ke pakSanI sthApanA kare che. A mATenAM enA dharmavicAra "nAM lakhANomAM narmadanA gadyanI bIjI viziSTatA dekhAya che. zAMta, svastha ane pakva buddhino Tharela narmada jovA maLe che, A lakhANomAM narmadamAM zakya hoya teTalA pramANamAM pakvatA, prauDhi ane zAstrajJAnanA saMskAra jovA maLe che. AraMbhanI zailInI svAbhAvika tAjagIne badale A nibaMdhonI zailI kyAMka kRtrima ke ADaMbarI banI rahe che, paraMtu enA gadyamAM sugrathitatA, sughaDatA ane sUtrAtmakatAnI chApa UpasI Ave che. potAnA prathama nibaMdha "maMDaLI maLavAthI thatA lAbha ' (I. sa. 1850)mAM 'sabhAsada gRhasthone' udde zIne bolanAro narmada 'Ayarbodhana' (I.sa. 1882) nibaMdhamAM 'ArmabaMdhu 'one nahIM, balka 'bho Arya !'ne uddezIne kahe che "jANa, aneka niyamapAlaNamAM je A manuSya - saMsAranAM tenA karatAM paralokanAM te ja uttama che. je buddhi A saMsAranA ja arthakAmamAM magna te adhama, pachI game tevI te dekhItI baLavALI rAkSasI hoya; je buddhi A saMsthAne joI udAsI rahI Izvara bhaNI lakSa rAkhe ne saMsArI artha kAmamAM zubha niyame mAtra kartavya kare te mAdhyama, pachI game tevI nabaLI sthitimAM manuSyane dAkhave topaNa; ane je buddhi saMsArathI alaga karI IzvaraprAptinA nitya udyogamAM rAkhe te uttama che. A saMsAra adhi-upAdhie duHkha denAro, bhogane mATe lalacAvI pachI roga ANanAro evo che. vidyA paNa te ja uttama ke je IzvaraprApti karAve..." "jANa, siddhAMta ke je kaofsa tathA mati tAyaT nAcaT, je je prakAre thavAnuM che te te prakAre thaze, bIje prakAre nahi. mATe dhIro paDa ne dhIraja na rahe ane bhoganI ja icchA che to satkarmanuM anuSThAna kara; bhAgya haze to A 0 83 1.

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* zabdasamIpa * janma, phaLa pAmIza, ne nahi to bIje janma, paNa zubha karmanuM phaLa zubha te pAmIza ja - karma pramANe phaLa ne karma pramANe buddhi (janma janmanA saMbaMdhamAM) ema che, topaNa rUDI buddhie vicArI kriyamANa kara." yuvAna nAyakanA jussAne badale prauDha vicArakanI zAMti anubhavAya che. ciMtanAtmakatA ane paSatA e A gadyanAM mukhya lakSaNo che, jeno vikAsa narmada pachI jhAjhuM jIvyo nahIM, tethI vizeSa jovA maLato nathI, paNa e ja zailI navo unmeSa dhAraNa karIne paMDitayugamAM sArI peThe khIle che. sauthI vizeSa to vIra narmadanuM tejasvI vyaktitva, enI viziSTatAo sAthe tenA gadyamAM UtaryuM che. 'Style is the index of personality' e nyAye samartha gadyasvAmIone oLakhavAmAM Ave che. narmada enI gadyazailI parathI tarata oLakhAI jAya che. govardhanarAma, nhAnAlAla, ba. ka. ThAkora ane gAMdhIjInAM lakhANo para te darekanI viziSTa vyaktitvanI mudrA dRDha aMkita thayelI jovA maLe che. A samartha mahAnubhAvono prazasta purogAmI narmada hato e ja enuM ananya gadyasvAmitva siddha karavA pUratuM nathI zuM ? adAlatano AnaMdarasa 1. 'adAvata vinAnI adAlata" e gujarAtI sAhityano viziSTa prakArano graMtha che. candravadana mahetA naTa, nATyavi, digdarzaka, kavi, vivecaka ane nATyazAstranuM zikSaNa ApanArA zikSaka hatA. vaLI reDiyonA prasAraNa-mAdhyamamAM kAryakramanirmAtA, lekhaka ane braoNDakAsTara tarIke emano eTalo ja Agavo phALo. emaNe AkAzavANImAM paMdara varSa sudhI kAmagIrI bajAvI ane e pachI paNa A mAdhyama sAthe eka yA bIjI rIte saMkaLAyelA rahyA. 1922mAM briTanamAM briTiza brAMDa kAsTiga korporezana(bI bI.sI.)nI sthApanA thaI. tyArabAda bhAratamAM inDiyana braoNDakAsTiMga kaMpanI varSo sudhI kAryarata rahI ane aMte te saMsthA oNla inDiyA reDiyo (AkAzavANI) tarIke oLakhAI. candravadana mahetAe bI.bI.sI.nA vArtAlApa vibhAganA vaDA ane ahIMnA cIpha kanTrolara lAyonala philDana ane jhulaphrikAra bukhArI jevA niSNAtone hAthe tAlIma lIdhI hatI. eka vAra candravadana mahetA, bhAnuzaMkara vyAsa ane jyotIndra dave 'rekhA'mAM prakAzita thayelI cAlIseka miniTanI gujarAtI nATikA bhajavavAnA saMdarbhasUci 'narmadanuM maMdira', gaghavibhAga : saM. vizvanAtha bhaTTa, pR. 3 'vIra narmada', le. vizvanAtha bhaTTa, pR. 10 'mArI hakIkata', le. kavi narmadAzaMkara, 1966, prathama AvRttinuM punarmudraNa, pR. phera 'narmadanuM maMdira', gadya vibhAga : saM. vizvanAtha bhaTTa, pR. 3 'DAMDiyo', 15 jUna 1865no aMka, lakhanAra 'mitra" 'narmadanuM maMdira', gadyavibhAga - 'Aja kAla', saM. vizvanAtha bhaTTa, pR. 36pa-366 'DAMDiyo', I. sa. 1866, 15mI mArca, aMka 1, pR. 7 'DAMDiyo', 1866, 1lI me 3. 3. 8. * 'adAvata vinAnI adAlata' : lekhaka, caM. cI. mahetAnA pustakanuM saMpAdakIya saMpAdakanI prastAvanAmAMthI a 84 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * hatA. bhajavavAne divase reDiyo sTezananI ophise pahoMcyA. najIkanI resTorAMmAM cA pIne pAchA AvyA ane aDadho kalAka bAkI hato tyAre khabara paDI ke sva. jayaMti dalAlanA 'rekhA'nA aMkamAMthI je nAnakaDI nATikA pasaMda karI hatI te aMka ja nahoto. bhAnuzaMkara vyAse kahyuM ke e nATikAno aMka candravadanabhAIne Apyo che. candravadana mahetAe kahyuM ke meM to bhAnubhAIne pAcho Apyo che. ghera pAchA javAya eTalo samaya nahoto. vaLI 'rekhA'no aMka kone tyAM che tenI khabara nahotI. A samaye candravadanabhAIe najIka UbhelA sipAhI pAsethI koro phUlaskepa kAgaLa maMgAvyo ane e kAgaLa hAthamAM rAkhIne bolavAnuM nakkI karyuM. traNee judAM judAM nAma dhAraNa karyAM ane vArtAlApa zarU karyo. emAM jyotIndra dave sArI kamANI karanAra bhagavAnadAsa banyA. bhAnuzaMkara vyAsa zerabajAramAM jhaMpalAvanAra chaganalAla ane candravadana vepAra ane dalAlI karanAra maMgaLadAsa banyA. kyAreka jyotIndra dave potAnuM nAma bhagavAnadAsa bhUlI jAya, to candravadana Takora karatAM kahe, "bahu kamAyA eTale dostanA nAmamAM paNa goTALA karavA lAgyA ! kamANIno kepha caDyo lAge che." bhAnuzaMkarabhAI bhUla kare to candravadana kahetA, "are ! paisA gayA temAM bhAna paNa gumAvavAnuM ? roja sAthe pharanAra mitranuM nAma paNa bhUlI javAnuM ?" ane Ama kAryakrama cAlyo. vacce eka kAgaLanI cabarakhI para noMdhyuM ke koIe koIne nAma daIne bolAvavA nahIM. Ama saMbodhanarahita cAlIsa miniTano kAryakrama sAMgopAMga pAra paDyo. kAryakrama pUro thatAM bukhArIsAhebe enI hastaprata mAgI to sAva koro phUlaskepa kAgaLa ! emaNe AMkho pahoLI karI. bhavAM saMkocyAM. kAgaLa candravadanane pAcho soMpI detAM hetathI bheTyA. Ama candravadane potIkI pratibhAthI reDiyonA baMdhiyAra vAtAvaraNamAM paNa navAM navAM Ayojana karyAM. enA prastutIkaraNamAM emanI A pratyutpannamati dharAvatI pratibhA khIlI UThI. e samaye briTananuM bI.bI sI. Adarza prasAraNa-saMsthA gaNAtuM. bI.bI.sI.nA samAcAro ane anya kAryakramonuM sIdhuM prasAraNa thatuM. bI.bI.sI.nA kAryakramonAM taiyAra rekaoNrDiMga vArApharatI judAM judAM kendro parathI rajU thatAM. dilhInI e vakhatanI ekamAtra braoNDakAsTiMga mATenI sTApha TreniMga skUlamAM bI.bI.sI.no pratinidhi mukhya nirmAtA raheto. e aMgrejI nATakonuM nirmANa karato. pariNAma ]] adAlatano AnaMdarasa * e AvyuM ke bI.bI.sI.nA judA judA kAryakramomAMthI preraNA meLavIne prAdezika kAryakramo thatA. candravadana mahetAno A saMsthA pratyeno Adara emanA 'reDiyo gaThariyAMmAM pratibiMbita thAya che. navA navA svarUpe ane navA navA phaoNrmeTa(format)mAM kAryakramo vicAravA ane enuM nirmANa karavuM enI candravadana mahetAmAM jabarI phAvaTa hatI. e kAryakrama jhaDapathI nirmANa pAme te mATe samayanI pAbaMdI jevo ja enA tvarita nirmANa mATe Agraha sevatA. kAryakramanuM mALakhuM bhale bI.bI.sI.nA koI kAryakrama parathI meLavyuM hoya, paraMtu emanI sarjakapratibhAno evo jIvaMta sparza maLato ke e kAryakramanA mULa svarUpanI kalpanA paNa na Ave. enI evI rajUAta ane mAvajata kare ke zrotAjanone e kAryakrama saheje videzI chAMTavALo, rUpAMtarita ke AdhArita na lAge, balke enI AtmIyatAthI hRdayasparzI lAge. Ane mATe kyAreka vahIvaTanI rItarasama paNa thoDI bAjue mUkI de. candravadana ekoktimAM paNa eTalA ja khIlI UThatA. e samaye muMbaInA zaktizALI TrAnsamiTara dvArA mahArASTra ane mahAgujarAta badhe A kAryakramo zrotAo mANatA hatA. candravadane rajU karelA 'buddhivardhaka maMDaLa' ane 'caturano cotaro' e be kAryakramo khUba lokapriya banyA hatA. e pachI bI.bI.sI. parathI AvatA 'liTararI kaoNrTa mArzala' kAryakramanA AdhAre candravadanane 'phojI adAlata' kAryakrama ghaDavAno vicAra Avyo. vIsamI sadInA AraMbhamAM reDiyo mAdhyamanI vizeSatAono potAnI maulika pratibhAthI buddhiyukta viniyoga karIne emaNe eka juduM ja svarUpa nipajAvI ApyuM. gujarAtamAM A mukaddamA 'phojI adAlata'ne nAme reDiyo parathI saphaLatApUrvaka prasArita karyA. e jamAnAmAM reDiyo e lokapriya samUhamAdhyama hatuM. enA dvArA zrotAo potAnA gamatA lekhakono paricaya emanA avAja dvArA pAmatA hatA. saMsthAo ane kaoNlejomAM Avo kAryakrama yojAvA lAgyo. amadAvAdamAM pri. esa. Ara . bhaTTa ane zrI umAzaMkara jozI jevA vaktAono lAbha A kAryakramamAM maLato hato. 1941 thI 1945 sudhInA samayagALAmAM agiyAra kAryakramomAM vIsa jeTalA mahAnubhAvoe AmAM bhAga lIdho. A 'phojI adAlata'ne nAme oLakhAto reDiyo kAryakrama gujarAtI bhASAnA reDiyo kAryakramomAM to sImAcihnarUpa banI ]]

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* zabdasamIpa * rahyo, paraMtu ethIye vizeSa A kAryakrame eka navo ja mAhola sarjyo. emAM tatkAlIna lokapriya sAhityakAronA svamukhe potAnI kRtio vize bacAvanAmuM sAMbhaLavA maLe, emanI sAme ugra ane tArkika dalIlabAjIthI Aropo mUkavAmAM Ave, vaLI dareka sAhityakAranI khubIne khAmI tarIke batAvIne enA para AkSepa mUkavAmAM Ave. AkSepa mUkanAre e sAhityakAranAM sarjanono UMDo abhyAsa karelo hoya to ja A zakya bane. candravadana mahetAe A kAryakramamAM A sAhityakAronA guNadoSa barAbara pArakhIne emanI viziSTatAone emanI nabaLAI tarIke bahu caturAIpUrvaka goThavI che. emAMthI 2mUja utpanna thAya che; jema ke yugamUrti sarjaka zrI ramaNalAla vasaMtalAla desAI potAnI sAmenA candravadana mahetAe karelA AkSepono pratyuttara vALatAM kahe che, prathama to huM saumya prakRtino chuM, ema kahI virodha pakSe potAnI AkhI Aropa-imAratanA pAyA ja pAMgaLA banAvI dIdhA che. saumya hoya te sAhityakAra hoI zake kharo ? ane te paNa gujarAtamAM ? phariyAdI pote ja potAnI tarapha joze to temane A praznano uttara jaDI Avaze. Ama jo huM pahele ja pagathiye mArI saumyatAthI sAhityakAra thato aTakI jAuM to A AkhI AropAvali nirmULa banI jAya che. sAthe sAthe e paNa kahI dauM ke mArI saumyatAno mane bahu vizvAsa nathI. mATe ja tene sAcavavA mATe huM mahAprayatno karuM chuM. huM zaramALa chuM ema kahevuM e bhUlabhareluM che. aneka strIo mArI priya che. jo te sarvane huM sAkSImAM bolAvIza to A kacerInuM makAna ekadama sAMkaDuM paDaze. ane mArA dhoLA vALano ullekha karavAmAM phariyAdIe kavivara TAgora ane prAcIna RSimunionI pratiSThA upara ghA karyAnI vAta jatI karIe to paNa temaNe jagatanA eka mahAniyamanuM ajJAna ja darzAvyuM che, e AkSepano javAba ApaNI jUnI kathanImAM huM ApI dauM : pIpaLa pAna kharaMta hasatI kuMpaLiyAM, muja vItI tuja vItaze dhIrI bApuDiyAM. e samaye lokamAnasamAM kanaiyAlAla munazInI tanamana ane maMjarInAM pAtra ramatAM hatAM. candravadane A baMne pAtrone pAtrarUpe rajU karIne jIvaMtatA ane nATyAtmakatA ANI che. munazI para evo Aropa mUkyo ke svaccha ane sapheda lUgaDAMmAM sajja thaI AvelI vyakti (munazI) uparathI jeTalI mulAyama lAge che ]] adAlatano AnaMdasa - eTalI aMtarathI nathI. eNe dukhiyArI tanamana ane vilakSaNa maMjarI jevAM pAtronuM khUna karyuM che. ane navalakathAkAre lokonI dayAvRtti sateja karavA mATe AvI rIte khUna karavAM joIe nahIM evo Aropa mUkyo. e AropanI sAbitI mATe adAlatamAM tanamana ane maMjarIne rajU karavAmAM Ave che. maMjarI ane candravadana mahetAnI A mArmika dalIlo joIe - candravadana mahetA : ThIka, to tame tamArI oLakhANa Apo. maMjarI : mAruM nAma maMjarI. mArA ghaDanAre mane AvI ja ghaDI che. tophAnI, TIkhaLI, tejI, buddhizALI AryasaMskRtimAM racIpacI. mane vidyAvilAsinI banAvI, ethI to huM mArA vidhAyaka upara khUba ja prasanna hatI. paNa....paNa.... mArI aMgata vAta karuM ? candravadana mahetA : hA, hA karo ne, vinAsaMkoce kaho. maMjarI : kharA cho tame badhA. pArakAnI khAnagI vAto sAMbhaLavAno rasa hajI ahIM ocho thayo nathI. ThIka to sAMbhaLo. mAre mATe dhaNI zodhyo kAka. sAva buDathala ane buso. candravadana mahetA : tame pativratA nArI A : maMjarI : hA, hA, te pativratA nArI patine buso na kahI zake ? tameya kharA cho, cokhaliyA. pativratA hatI eTale to evA jaDasAne rasika banAvavA prayatna karyo. nahIM to kyAMka vecI AvI hota. candravadana mahetA : e kharuM, paNa tamAre kaMI phariyAda noMdhAvavAnI che ? maMjarI : tame dhIraja rAkho to huM kahuM ne. to kAka jevA aNaghaDa dhaNIne meM keLavyo, raste caDhAvyo, enI sAthe gharasaMsAra calAvyo, be suMdara saMtAnonI huM mAtA thaI ane jyAre mAre jIvanamAM sukha ane AnaMda mANavAnA divaso AvyA tyAre A mArA nirdaya sarjake mane mArI nAkhI. mArA nisAsA to evA che ane dAjha to enA para evI caDhe che... candravadana mahetA : khamo khamo satI maMjarI. kaMI zApabApa ApI na besatAM. maMjarI : e ja du:kha che ne, ke bApa jevA banI beThA che eTale to zApa nathI ApatI. candravadana mahetA : paNa have nyAya karavAne to A tamArI pAse phariyAdanAmuM noMdhAvarAvIe chIe. tamAruM aNadhAryuM mota, aNaghaDa pati sAthe tamAruM pAnuM, e uparAMta bIjuM kaMI kahevAnuM che ? : nA, mAre bIjuM kaMI kahevuM nathI. mane saMtoSa eTalo ja che ke emane hAthe huM ekalI duHkhI nathI cItarAI, A tanamana to che ja. sukanyA paNa raDe - maMjarI :

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* zabdasamIpa * che. zazIne gharaDA ghuvaDa sAthe paraNAvI te vidhavA thaIne beThI che. te tyAM raDe. suvaNanA paNa e ja hAla. strIone to emaNe ribAvI ja che. mAre AthI vadhAre kazuM kahevAnuM nathI. candravadana mahetA : tame jaI zako cho maMjarIdevI. nAmadAra ! A sAkSInI kephiyata sAMbhaLI huM gaLagaLo thaI gayo chuM. AgaLa mArAthI kazuM kahI zakAya ema nathI. A ja rIte yugamUrti vArtAkAra ramaNalAla vasaMtalAla desAI sAme AkSepo mUkavAmAM Ave che. emanI navalakathAnuM zithila vastuvidhAna, bodhAtmaka Alekhana, viSaya tarIke badhI vArtAomAM premanA AlekhanathI AvatuM ekasurIlApaNuM jevA AkSepo mukAya che. 'bhArelo agnimAM itihAsane bAjue mUkavAno Aropa mukAya che. gaNikA aMjanInuM pAtra potAnI kephiyata ApIne AkSeponI dhAra teja kare che. adAlatamAM kesa rajU karatI vakhate e sarjakanI prakRti, paheraveza ane emanI vicAradhArAno paNa mArmika ullekha maLe che. zrI vijayarAya vaidha aMge zrI 2. va. desAInI navalakathAnuM pAtra kokilA kahe che - kokilA : huM kokilA hoIza, tethI e kaMI ochA ja kokila kare che ? nahIM paraNavAnAM mAre to enI sAme aneka kAraNo che. sauthI moTuM to e che ke emane manuSyonI bhASAmAM vAtacIta karatAM ja nathI AvaDatI. bANabhaTTa ane jhonsana jevAnA samAsonI bhASAmAM e vAto kare ane taddana klisTa, na samajAya tevI zailImAM e kAgaLo lakhe to mAre to jIvatuM mota ja thaI paDe ne ? ane evI ADaMbarI zailInA A lakhanAra mArI nirADaMbarI bhASAnI AMtaravyathA to samaje paNa nahI. candravadana mahetA : e sivAya koI bIjuM kAraNa ? kokilA : meM kahyuM tema evAM to ghaNAM kAraNo che athavA to emane paraNavA mATe mArI pAse ekeya kAraNa nathI ema kahuM toya cAle. TUMkamAM, e tAmasI prakRtinA che ane krodhamAM Ave tyAre hAtha karaDavAnAM ane hAtha bALavAnAM emanAM sAhaso paNa jANItAM to che ja. hAya, hAya, huM ene paraNuM ane e krodhe bharAya to, to mane jIvatI ja bALe ane te uparAMta mArA sarjaka pitA zrI ramaNalAla desAI jevI mulAyama ane narama vyakti vijayarAya jevA jamAIne pasaMda paNa na kare. 'adAvata vinAnI adAlatamAM traNa sAhityakAronA bacAvapakSanA * adAlatano AnaMdarasa * dhArAzAstrInI kAmagIrI jyotIndra dave bajAve che ane AmAM hAsyakAra jyotIndra davenuM vyaktitva to Upase che, paraMtu enI sAthe eka uttama koTinA tarkapravINa dhArAzAstrI tarIkenI bhUmikA suMdara rIte bajAve che. khuda jyotIndra dave gunegAranA pAMjarAmAM UbhA rahe che tyAre emanuM potAnuM bacAvanAmuM rajU kare che. jyotIndra dave para Aropa mUkatAM candravadana mahetA nAmadAra nyAyamUrtio ane jyurInA sabhyone emanI sAcI oLakha ApatAM kahe che - nAmadAra ! aneka tarakIbo karI chaTakI janAra gunegArane Aje pIMjarAmAM lAvI zakAya che. eNe zuM zuM nathI karyuM ? A saLe kaDA samA mAnava, hAsyarasano dAvo karanAra jyotirdhara, jyotIndra davee - dave avaTaMka sAthe prAsa meLavavA e thayA che ema. e. - moTo guno A adAlatanuM apamAna karavAno karyo che. AjathI eka mahinA pahelAM ahIM dhrujara thavA enA para voraMTa ThThI cUkyAM hatAM, chatAM A adAlatanuM apamAna karI, kahevAya che te pramANe pUnA meca jovA cAlyA gayA hatA. nAmadAra nyAyAdhIzane mAlama thAya ke atyAra sudhI UbhA karelA AropIomAMthI A gunegAra sauthI vadhAre bhayaMkara che. ane huM enA upara tahomatanAmuM rajU karuM chuM ne mane bIka lAge che. mahamada chela jevo jAdu karIne e ahIMthI hAthatALI ApIne chaTakI to nahIM jAya ? mora saMdhavANI jevA bahAravaTiyAnI jema e aNajANI nAThAbArImAMthI chaTakI to nahIM jAya ? endrajAlikA mAyA lagADI ApaNA sarvane bhUrakI to nahIM nAkhe ? paNa ethIya vadhAre bIka to mane enI IlamI kalama karatA enI ilamI jabAnanI lAge che. je ja bAne urdU ane saMskRta ema be bhASAnA vAvA paheryA che. Aje dhrujuM chuM. mArAM gAtro DhIlAM thAya che, zarIre jheba vaLe che. tahomatanAmuM hAthamAM pakaDatAM hAthanADI vakarAya che. nAmadAra mArI to zuM - A ahIM beThelI vidvAna jyurInI to zuM, paNa khuda nyAyAdhIzanI paNa A prasaMge, kaye tabake, enI zeSanAgathI paNa bhayaMkara evI nAgaziromaNi jIbha vaDe A AropI kevI revaDI uMDAvaze e kahevuM ke kalpavuM durghaTa che. kaMI nahIM to ApaNA DagalAnI silAI, ApaNe pahereluM kApaDa, gajavAmAMnuM astara, astaranuM utpatti-zAstara, ApaNA gharano naMbara, cazmAno naMbara, ApaNA pADozIo, ApaNA rastAo, ApaNI khAsiyato, ApaNo gharakhaTalo, ApaNo mobho, ApaNAM vAhano, ApaNI AbohavA, ApaNAM bajAra, ApaNA mahemAno, ApaNA bhASaNakartAo, ApaNA pramukho, chevaTe ApaNe je kAMI che te e saunI eNe chaDecoka hAsyanA oThA heThaLa rahIne ThekaDI uDAvI che. eka nahi, be 0 91 0. 90 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * nahi, traNa nahi, cothA maMgaLa jevA cAra cAra raMgataraMgo jamAvI gurjaragirAne galIpacI karavAnA bahAne eNe gunApaccIzI kIdhI che. Ane mATe alI ane alo jevAM pAtro rajU kare che ane gurjara girAne galIpacI karavAnA bahAne karelI gunApacIsIno javAba ApatAM jyotIndra dave gunApaccIsI eTale zuM - paccIsa gunAno samAhAra ? kevaLa gudhdhApaccIsI jevA zabda parathI ja e navo zabda banAvI kADhavAmAM Avyo hoya to te huM samajI zakato nathI. paraMtu gurjaragirAne galIpacI karavAno meM kadI vicAra sevyo nathI. galIpacI vize mane kaDavo anubhava thayo che. hAsyarasa vizenA eka vidvattApracura nibaMdhamAM 'vAMdarAmAM hAsyavRtti hoya che ne vAMdarAne galIpacI karavAthI te hase che " evI matalabanuM vAMcI prayoga karavAnA irAdAthI mArA eka oLakhItA gRhastha pALelI vAMdarIne meM galIpacI karI. kAM to hAsyarasanA A vidvAna lekhakane vAMdarAono abhyAsa nahIM hoya ke kAM to ukta vAMdarInI hAsyavRtti, keTalAka manuSyonI peThe ja, vikta ke mRta thaI gayelI haze. paNa meM karelI galIpacIthI hasI paDavAne badale vAMdarIe mane jorathI lapaDAka kheMcI kADhI gabaDAvI pADyo. te divasathI galIpacI ne lapaDAka, vANIne artha peThe, mArA mAnasamAM evA saMyukta thayA che ke ekano vicAra, bIjAnA bhaya vagara, huM karI zakato ja nathI ane gurjaragirAne kadAca galIpacI karavAno koI vicAra kare to te thaI zake tema paNa nathI. enI AsapAsa zabdanA evA vAghA sajAvavAmAM AvyA che ke ene galIpacI thAya ja nahIM. A kRtimAM AvatI sarjakonI kephiyatomAM munazInI kephiyata ane rajUAta sAva judI tarI Ave che. emAM sarjakanI khumArI dekhAya che. teo mAnanIya nyAyamUrtine uddezIne kahe che - mArA dhArAzAstrIe je mAre mATe karyuM che tene mATe huM teno AbhAra mAnuM chuM, paNa emaNe to tamArI dRSTie mane binagunegAra TharAvavAno prayatna karyo. huM have mArI dRSTie mAro bacAva nahIM, mAro adhikAra rajU karuM chuM. Izvare mane kalpanA ApI, bIjAne tyAM taravarATa na thAya tyAM taravarATa anubhavavAnI mane zakti ApI ane te taravarATathI uttejita thayelI mArI kalpanAne zabda dvArA sarjana karavAnI hathoTI ApI AmAMthI koI paNa zakti ane samAje nathI ApI, pegaMbaroe nathI ApI, nItie nathI ApI ane vivecakoe paNa nathI ApI. * adAlatano AnaMdarasa * A zaktione pariNAme vyAsa ane homara, narasiMha ane mIrAMbAI, vAlmIki, kAlidAsa ane bhAgavatakAra, tulasIdAsa ane zekasapiyara, goethe, hyugo, rolI ne mA jevA sAhityasvAmI je paMthanA mahAguo che tenI kaMThI meM bAMdhI. amArA paMthane dezabheda ke raMgabheda nathI. kAlanA khaMDo amArI ekatA khaMDita karatAM nathI. kAlo hya yaM niravadhirvipulA ca pRthvI e amAro siddhAMta che. tamArA jamAnAnA Adarzo, tamArAM rAjakIya baLonAM dhoraNo, tamArA sarvasattAdhikArIonAM zAsano ane tamArA Arthika bhedonI pAzava sthalatA amane sparzatI nathI. koI paNa jamAnAnA DAhyAonuM dhoraNa ke zAsana amane bAMdhatuM nathI. amAruM dhoraNa ane amAruM dhyeya e to khaMDa khaMDe ne yuge yuge mAnavahRdayanI sanAtana tRSAmAMthI pragaTe che. huM tamArA nyAyAdhIzapaNa ke tamArA dhArAnuM prabhutva svIkArI zakato nathI. mane mApha karajo. ne huM svIkAruM to mArA dharmanA droha karuM ema mAnuM chuM. sanAtana sarasatAnI sevAmAM banI tevI sRSTio meM racI ne bhAMgI, meM pAtro sajyAM ne mAya, meM prasaMgo UbhA karyA ne toDI nAkhyA. jema mArI kalpanAe mane Adeza dIdho tema. tame ene niyamamAM lAvanAra koNa ? mApha karajo. murabbI, tamArAmAM ane niyamamAM lAvavAnI zakti nathI. tame badhAe jagatamAM pazubaLa vadhAryuM. amArA paMthe ene sauMdaryanAM darzana karAvyAM. tame mAnavI-mAnavIomAM bheda UbhA karyA. ame samAja ne rasikatA zIkhavI. yuge yuge, rASTra rASTra-rI samasta saMskArI janatAne AnaMda-samAdhino adhikArI banAvyA. tamane, mAnanIya nyAyamUrti ! mAro nyAya karavAno jarAya adhikAra nathI. mAre tamArI e karyugI dRSTinA pIMjarAmAM purAvuM nathI. huM to sanAtana sarasatAno, apurva sarasatAno parama ane anaMta evA saMvAdI AnaMdano tarasyo chuM. ne mArI tarasa chuM chipAvuM ane evA ja koIne AnaMda ApI enI tarasa chipAvI zakuM e ja mAruM kartavya, e ja mAro svadharma che ane emAM ja maraNa pAmavuM emAM ja mAro mokSa ane tyAM sudhI mAro nyAya to bhAvi manuSya karaze jo mArA sAhityamAM jIvaMta sarasatA Ize to, nahItara tame koNa mane nyAya karanAra ? svarUpanI dRSTie paNa A pustaka gujarAtI sAhityamAM judI ja bhAta pADe che. adAlatanI mukaddamo calAvavAnI paddhatie AmAM judA judA sAhityakAro vacce caturAIbharyA saMvAdonuM Ayojana karyuM che. candravadana mahetAnI gadyazailI, emanuM zabdaprabhutva, rasaLatI kathanarIti, vAcAturya, ramUjavRtti ane sauthI 0 9ra 0 93 ]

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Aphrikana parivezamAM vartamAna saMgharSa * zabdasamIpa * vizeSa to prasaMganuM nATyAtmaka Ayojana karavAnI emanI kuzaLatA pragaTa thAya che. gadyamAM evo vega che ane emanI pAse eTalI moTI zabdasamRddhi che ke bhAvaka satata enA kathanapravAhamAM taNAto rahe che. emanA zabdabhaMDoLane kazuMya aspRzya nathI. ziSTa vyavahAranA, sAmAnya vAtacItanA tatsama, tadbhava, dezya ane ochA prayojAtA taLapadA zabdo maLe che. emanA gadyamAM rahelA Arohaavaroha, enA tAla ane enI layachaTAnI sUkSma sUjha candravadananI ananukaraNIya vAkchaTA darzAve che. spoken word arthAt bolAyelA zabdanI sthaLa ane suma badhI ja khUbIonI parakha caMdravadana mahetAne hatI. emanA jamAnAmAM bIjA koIne hoya tenA karatAM vadhAre. AthI ja teo jAtajAtanA nusakhA vAparIne zrotAnA manamAM dhArI coTa UbhI kare che. bolavAmAM prayojAtA dhvaninA judA judA starono 'vAku' vize mahattvanuM pustaka ApanAra candravadanane UMDo abhyAsa hato ane emaNe karelo grIka nATaka 'mIDiyA'no anuvAda 'madIrA" vAcika abhinayanI tAlIma mATenI utkRSTa nATyakRti che. paurANika viSayathI mAMDIne taddana najIkanA vartamAnanA prasaMgone AkAzavANI para emaNe asarakAraka rIte vahetA karyA hatA. akhaMDa dhAra vaheto emane vApravAha 'adAvata vinAnI adAlatamAM yaMga, kaTAkSa ke prahAranA vAgubANanI varSA jevo paNa banI jato lAge che. oNla inDiyA reDiyonA muMbaI kendra parathI prasArita thayelI A zreNI gujarAtI prasAraNanA itihAsamAM sImAcihnarUpa che. ApaNe tyAM reDiyo para prasArita thayelAM nATako, rUpako, mulAkAto, vArtAlApo vagere pustakarUpe saMgrahAyAM che, paraMtu A prakAranA kAryakramanuM AvuM saMpUrNa lakhANa gujarAtI bhASAmAM ja nahIM paraMtu dezanI anya bhASAomAM javalle ja pragaTa thayuM haze. bI.bI.sI. AvAM lakhANone varSothI prakAzita kare che. gujarAtI sAhityanI ane reDiyoprasAraNanA itihAsanI eka viziSTa kRti lagabhaga cha dAyakA bAda graMthastha thaI 1960 ane 1970nA dAyakAnA prAraMbhakALe Aphrikana lekhanamAM pracalita evA Aphrikana kathAnakanA bhrAmaka saralIkaraNa ane amuka ja DhAMcAmAM AtmAbhivyakti karatI pAtrAlekhananI zailInA virodha rUpe saMkalpapUrvaka oNsTIna luvAngA bukanyAe A nATyaracanA karI che. 1960 ane 1970nA dAyakAmAM Aphrikana nATyasAhityamAM je rIte pAtrAnulekhana thatuM hatuM teno teo virodha karatA hatA. amuka praNAlI pratye virodha pragaTa karavA mATe bukanyAe kalAsvarUpano Azaro lIdho che. AthI ja "dha brAiDa' nATakanA prAraMbhe nATyakAra osTIna bukanyAe darzakone mATe nATyaparicaya Apyo che. sarjanAtmaka lekhana pUrve kRtinI oLakha ApavAnuM emanuM prayojana e che ke kRtimAM AlekhAyelA navA Adarzo ane AlekhananI prayogAtmaka nATyarIti darzAvavI. sarjakane evI bhIti hoya che ke temanA lekhana- prayojananI sAcI samajaNa na Ape to kadAca darzaka kRtine anyAya karI bese. A kAraNe teo bhAvakone mArgadarzanarUpa paricaya Ape che. "dha brAiDa'nuM viSayavastu pracalita kathAnaka parathI sarjake lIdhuM che. ex 5 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * A nATaka cAra dazyo(movements)mAM vaheMcAyeluM che. AmAM prathama ane bIjuM dazya e vadhu laMbANabharyuM che, ene mukAbale trIjA ane cothA dezyano nATyavega jhaDapI lAge che. prathama zyano AlbInonA rikAnA sabhyonA mukhya medAnanA vistAranA AgamanathI prAraMbha thAya che. tAjA ja sunnata thayela naranArIonuM A jUtha che. teo temanA netA, lekinDo sAme nartana kare che, je temane aTakAve che. agAunI rAtrie nRtya karanArI nAmbuA hajI AvI nathI, AthI A nRtyanI caMdArANI koNa banaze tenI carcA cAle che. puruSo nAmbuA mATe rAha jovA icche che. jyAre IrSAthI prerAIne strIo nRtyanI caMdArANInA vikalpathI nRtya karavA Atura che. nAmbuA nRtyanI caMdArANI banI zake nahIM tenuM kAraNa e che ke te paradezI che. tene potAnI uMmaranA sAthI sAthe A utsavamAM bhAga meLavavAnI nA paDAI che, kAraNa ke tenA dAdA A medAnI pradezathI ajANyA paradezI hatA. Akhare kAjIrU nAmanI yuvatI caMdArANIno pATha bhajavavA nRtyanI rANI mATe pasaMda karAI, tyAre navI caMdrikAno saMgharSa UkalI gayo. nRtyano prAraMbha thayo. yuvaka-yuvatIo parasparane uSmA ApavA lAgyAM. evAmAM nAmbuA Ave che. lekinDo pharIthI nRtya aTakAve che ane nRtyanI caMdArANI tarIke nAmbuAne goThavavA prayatna kare che. A kAraNe bhAga laI rahelI keTalIka strIo virodha rUpe sthaLa choDI jAya che. nAmbuA caMdArANI tarIke AvatAM nRtya zarU thAya che, paraMtu lAMbuM cAlatuM nathI. traNa baLavAkhora chokarIo keTalAMka vaDIlo sAthe pAchI phare che. te vakhate lekinDo ane nAmvaA maMca para nRtya karatAM hoya che. vaDIlonA ghRNApUrNa caherAo joIne nAmbuA becena banI jAya che, AthI A nRtya adhavaca baMdha thAya che. lekinDo nRtyano prAraMbha karanArA anya sahune pachIthI bIjI vakhata nRtya goThavAze tevuM vacana ApI ravAnA kare che. samAjanA yuvako para asarakartA hatA te viSe kahevA mATe ekalo rahI jAya che. lekinDo ane nAmbuA vaccenI vAtacIta daramyAna lekinDonA pitA zunDu Ave che ane te A baMnene sAthe jue che. nAmbuAnA yuvako sAthenA saMbaMdha ane khAsa karIne potAnA putra sAthenA saMbaMdha vize sAMbhaLelI vAtothI zunDu becena che. prathama dRzyanA aMtamAM pitA ane putra ekabIjA sAme kaTu vacano bole che ane chevaTe zunDu cAlyo jAya che. tene lekinDo ane nAnyuA anusare che. ]] Aphrikana parivezamAM vartamAna saMgharSa * samagra nATakamAM ghaTanAo dvArA vikasita thanArA saMgharSono sarjaka prathama dRzyamAM paricaya Ape che. sauprathama AlbInonI 'rikA'(maMDaLI)mAM saMgharSa che ane bIjo saMgharSa caMdArANI aMge strIomAM che. jUnI peDhInA pitA ane vaDIlo AlbInonA juvAniyAonI maMDaLImAM nAmbuAne sabhya tarIke mAnya gaNavI ke kema tenI carcA kare che. AmAMthI jUnI ane navI peDhInI prema ane lagnaviSayaka vicArasaraNInI bhinnatA pragaTe che. A dRzyamAM mahattvanI saMgharSabhUmi bane che raMgabhUminI madhyamAM Avelo TIMbo. enA para caMdArANI ane tenA sAthIo nRtya kare che. maMca AjubAjunI jagyA karatAM TIMbo UMcA sthAne che. nATakanI zarUAtamAM nRtyane AkAzI nRtya tarIke varNavAya che eTale ke utkarSa sUcavatuM nRtya. samAjanA A yuvAno sAmAjika utkarSa mATe laDI rahyA che, tevuM sUcavAya che. bIjuM dazya vAMgAnA maMdiramAM bhajavAya che. A dazya vAMgAmaMdiranA pUjArI leremAnI vAtathI zarU thAya che. lesIjorenA kuTuMbe vidhAtA dvArA sarjAyelI aparaMpAra Aphata sahana karI che tenA mATe prArthanA karavAnuM pUjArI leremAne kahevA Avyo che. lesIjore phariyAda kare che ke kIDAoe temanI bAjarInA pAkano nAza karyo che. tenA dIkarAne sunnata karavAnI charIthI vyathA pahoMcI che, jenAthI AkhuM kuTuMba zarama anubhave che. temanI gAyo jaMgalIo dvArA corAI gaI che ane chevaTe teonA puruSonI patnIomAMnI eka bIjI vyakti sAthe nAsI gaI che. lesIjorenI vidAya pachI leremA ane makumbu tenA vize TUMkamAM carcA kare che. baMne khuza thAya che ke chevaTe lesIore kamabhAgyano zikAra banyo kharo ! khAsa karIne makumbu lesIjArenI panotIthI vizeSa prasanna thAya che. lesIorenI kamanasIbInI carcA temane leTInI carcA tarapha dorI jAya che. leTI temano mRtyu pAmela dIkaro che. enI khoparIne teoe hajI daphanAvyA vagara maMdiramAM rAkhI che, kAraNa ke "leremA mRtyu pAmatA nathI." makumbu icche che ke leremA 'leTI' mATe patnI zodhI Ape. A carcA daramiyAna zunDu maMdiramAM dhasI Ave che ane leremA maMdiramAM eka nirNayAtmaka ane tAtkAlika sabhA bolAvavAnI mAMgaNI kare che. lokone bolAvAya che ane vaDIlo tAtkAlika un

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* zabdasamIpa * AvI pahoMce che. samAjanA yuvAno lekinTonI AgevAnI heThaLa thoDA moDA Ave che. leremA potAnI jAtane 'vAMgAmAM pherave che ane vaDIlo para Aropa mUke che ke A vistAramAM paradezIone AvavAnI temaNe chUTa ApIne sAme cAlIne sarvanAza vahoryo che. teNe sUcavyuM ke vAMgA pAse A maMdiramAM balidAna apAvuM joIe. vaDIlo yuvAnonI vartaNuka vize carcA kare che ane te nirNaya para pahoMce che ke A mATe javAbadAra evA paradezIonI katala karavI joIe. lekinTo vaDIlonA nirNaya sAme paDakAra pheMke che. yuvAnone netAgIrI pUrI pADatAM jAhera kare che ke AvI arthahIna hiMsAno teo virodha kare che ane tethI teo paradezIonI katala nahIM kare. jiMdagInI pavitratA ane salAmatI mATe potAnI dRDhatA darzAvavA teo temanA bhAlA toDI nAkhe che. zunDa eTalo badho gusse thaI jAya che ke te tyAM ne tyAM laDAI karavA taiyAra thaI jAya che. leremA tene roke che ane dhIme dhIme maMDaLI adRzya thAya che. leremA nAkhyuAnA pitA merIone dArU pIvA nimaMtraNa Ape che tyAM A dazya pUrNa thAya che. baMne nADuAnI leTI sAthenAM lagnanI zakyatA carce che ane vAMgAnI pUjAraNa banAvavAno vicAra kare che. A dazyamAM A samAjanA jIvanane tapAsavAnI nATyakAranI dRSTi che. trIjuM dRzya merIonA AMgaNAmAM bhajavAya che. lekinDo corIchUpIthI dAkhala thAya che ane nADuAne bAjarI daLatI jue che. te vasaMta mATe AmaMtraNa Ape che jyAM teNe ane bIjAoe ene 'rikAmAM svIkAravA mATenI taiyArI agAuthI karI rAkhI che. baMne sAthe nAkhyuAnI mAtA TATuM maMdira taraphathI jyAM te baLataNa vINavA gaI hatI tyAMthI pAchA phare te pahelAM, ghara choDI jAya che. merIo tenI patnI AvI te ja samaye pAcho phare che. te pUjArI leremAe nADuAne paraNAvavA mATe mUkelI darakhAstanA samAcAra Ape che. TATuM AghAta pAme che ke teno pati potAnI dIkarIne eka khoparI sAthe paraNAvavA icche che, paraMtu merIone emAM avarodharUpa banatI nathI. nADuA AlbInonI maMDaLI sAthe joDAyA pachI pAchI AvatAM gusse thayelI tenI rAha jotI mAtAne jue che. TATu tarata ja ene upAlaMbha Ape che ane leremAnA khoparIvALA putra sAthenA lagnanI darakhAsta aMge tenA para kaTAkSa kare che. thoDI vAramAM besIjore ane merIonI netAgIrI heThaLa vaDIlono eka samUha praveze che ane lagnanA AvI rahelA avasarathI uttejanA anubhavatA vaDIlo A darakhAstanA anusaMdhAnamAM temanA bhAganA 'bIyara'nI mAgaNI kare che. 0 98 ] * Aphrikana parivezamAM vartamAna saMgharSa * potAnA jUthanA sabhyone aMdara lAvavA prayatna karatA lekinDone vaDIlo tarata ja rasto Ape che. keTalAMka sabhyo paradezI nAkhyuAnuM maMdiramAM lagna thAya teno virodha karavA taiyAra thayA hatA, tyAM ja lekinDo temane kahe che ke nADuAnI darakhAstavALA lagnanI vAta teo jANe che te karatAM enI pAchaLa bIjuM kaMIka vadhAre che. Ama kahIne temane roke che. AthI nAkhyuA AropamAMthI mukta bane che ane maMDaLInAM sabhyo saMtuSTa thatAM maMdira tarapha jAya che, jyAM jUnI peDhI ane juvAniyAonI vacce aMtima khela khelAvAno che. bIjA dRzyanA aMta ane trIjA dRzyanA AraMbha vaccenA samaya daramiyAna ApaNe dhArI laIe chIe ke thoDA divaso pasAra thaI gayA haze. ApaNe e paNa mAnIe chIe ke nAkhyuAno pitA merIo maMdiramAM rahyo che ane nADu maMdiramAM bhale paraNe tevI tenI icchA che. | leremAe merIonA AMgaNAmAM kyAranoya potAno bhAlo khoyo che te teno purAvo che, eTale ke ochAmAM ochA eka ke be divasa bIjA dezya pachI pasAra thaI gayA che. to pachI zA mATe merIoe leremAnI darakhAsta vize yogya samaye vAta karI nathI ? A banAvamAM ATalI badhI utAvaLa zAnI ? lagna ane teya A prakAranAM lagnane samAjanI sAthe zuM koI nisbata nathI ? merIo potAnI putrInA lagna A mRtyu pAmelI khoparI sAthe karavA mATe utAvaLe zA mATe taiyAra thAya che ? TATu acAnaka nirNaya badalI A lagna mATe zA mATe saMmata thAya che ? gAjyA eka evA vaDIla che ke je maMdiramAM sucavAyelA A lagna sAme potAno avAja uThAve che, to bIjA vaDIlonuM zuM ? teoe acAnaka teomAMnI eka nAkhyu che tevuM jaNAvavAnuM nakkI zA mATe karyuM ? A dRzya nATyaracanA vize AvA prazno UbhA kare che. cothuM dRzya vAMgAnA maMdiranuM che. A dRzyano prAraMbha mukumbu leTIna - khoparIne - navavadhU nAkhyuAnA Agamana mATe taiyAra kare che tenAthI thAya che. nADuAne aMdara laI javAya che ane navavadhUnA khaMDamAM tene dorI javAya che. puSkaLa gIto ane nartana sAthe sAtha ApatI strIo ane AsapAsa paristhitinA saMdarbhamAM nADuA pIchehaTha kare che, jyAM teo gAvAnuM cAlu rAkhatA hoya che. va

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* zabdasamIpa * nAnI phoI sIkITu nADuA sAthe navavadhUnA khaMDamAM jAya che ane tene AzvAsana Ape che. patino prema kevI rIte jItI zakAya tenI nADuAne zIkha Ape che ane bhinna bhinna paristhitimAM pati sAme kaI rIte vartAya tenI salAha Ape che. nADuAne sIkITue ApelI salAha pachI tarata ja lekinTonI doravaNI heThaLa keTalAka sabhyo maMdiramAM dhasI Ave che. lekinDo potAnA sAthIone navavadhUnA khaMDamAMthI nAkhyu ane tenA vararAjA-khoparIne laI AvavAnuM sUcave che. samIjI ane melAnvI nAkhyuAne maMdiranI bahAra laI jAya che, jyAre kITAvI khoparI sAtheno ghaDo laI Ave che. khoparI maMdiranA AMgaNAmAM lAvI te lekinTone soMpavAmAM Ave che. makumbanI hRdayavedhaka cIsa vacce lekinDo A khoparInA cUrecUrA karI nAkhe che. | leremAM parAjita thatAM A yuvAno sAthe samAdhAna karavAnuM pasaMda kare che. Azcaryajanaka rIte e lekinDone vAMgAnA maMdiranA vArasa tarIke sthApavAnuM kahe che ane nADuA ane lekinDonAM lagnane saMmatinI mahora mAre che. nATakanA aMte lekinDo yuvAnonA AnaMda vacce Azcarya tathA mUMjhavaNa anubhavatA vaDIlo vaccethI nAkhyuAne dorI jAya che. | 'dha brAiDa'nAM pAtro mukhya traNa kakSAmAM vaheMcAyelAM che. khAsa karIne lekinTo dvArA doravAtA samAjano yuvAna varga, zunDa dvArA doravAtA vaDIlo ane nATakanA aMte maMdirano pAtrasamUha. A sivAyanAM pAtromAM merIo, tenI patnI TATu, tenI bahena sikiTu ane tenI dIkarI nAkhyuAno samAveza thAya. tAjetaramAM ja sunnata karAyelA tevA yuvAnonA jUthane "rikA oNpha AlbIno" tarIke oLakhavAmAM AvyA che. 'AlbIno' zabda gorA paradezIono saMdarbha sucave che, je loko A medAnamAM (vasAhatamAM) vasyA che ane jemaNe potAno dharma sthApyo che. puruSo rikAmAM nADuAne svIkAravA taiyAra che, jyAre strIo icchatI nathI kAraNa ke e paradezI che ane tenI sunnata jevI dhArmika vidhi karAI nathI. vAstavamAM nADuA pratyenA virodhanuM mULa kAraNa anya strIono enA taraphano dveSa che. TuTAnI uktithI e vAta pragaTa thAya che ke strIonI maMDaLImAM tenI sauthI vadhu IrSA thatI hatI. tenuM kaMI kAraNa nathI. zA mATe sunnata jevI vidhithI bAkAta evI paradezI chokarI ApaNA nRtyanI rANI banavI joIe. 100 ] * Aphrikana parivezamAM vartamAna saMgharSa * kAjIrU : kikono choDa game tyAM vAvo paNa tene phUla to lAla ja AvavAnAM, paradezInA jaMgalIpaNAno koI ilAja ja nathI. kya : rAtanA vAsI dUdha jevI enI AAMkho, tADanAM navAM pAMdaDAM sarakhI locA jevI AMgaLIo. TA ane ene tame rUpALI kaho cho ? emAM to dekhAya che nakaruM paradezIpaNuM. khare khara to strI dekhAvI joIe strI jevI koI buddeDhA nakazIkAranA mahorA jevI nahIM. nATakano bIjo saMgharSa te yuvAna ane vaDIlonI peDhI vacceno che. AvA vaDIlono agraNI zunu mAne che ke vaDIlonA DahApaNa sAme prazna karavo, te taddana khoTI rIta che. e Aropa mUke che ke paradezIo A yuvAnonA manamAM vAjhimuno vaLagADa lagADe che ane tethI yuvAno paraMparAno virodha kare che. A nATakamAM lekinDo sivAya anya yuvAnomAM vyaktigata utsAhano abhAva che. mukhya pAtra lekinTo navA suzata karAyelA yuvakonI maMDaLIno netA che. te zununo putra che. pradezanA vaDIlono agraNI zunuM nATakanA saMgharSanA kendramAM che. nADuA sAthenA premane kAraNe zundu ane lekinDo vacce saMgharSa thAya che. lekinDo ToLInA sabhyone paradezIonI katalanA hiMsaka kRtyamAM sAmela nahIM thavAnA nirNaya tarapha dorI jAya che. nATakanA anya saMgharSomAM paNa lekinDo pratyakSa rIte ke parokSapaNe sAmela che. vAstavamAM lekinTonuM pAtra parivartana mATenuM eka mAdhyama che. e enA sAthIdArone vaDIlonI icchA viruddha rikAmAM nAkhyuAne svIkAravA samajAve che, kAraNa ke nADuA ToLImAM janmI hatI ane UcharI hatI, tethI ene paradezI mAnato nathI. lekinTo duzmanonI katala karavAnA paraMparAgata nirNaya sAme paDakAra pheMke che ane jiMdagI pratye vidheyAtmaka valaNa apanAvavAnI vaDIlone hAkala kare che. e kahe che, lekinTo : nAkhyuA amArI vacce janmI che, amArI sAthe UcharIne moTI thaI che. ame tene oLakhIe chIe e ja pUratuM kahevAya. tamArI AsapAsa zvAsa letA jIvatA lokone tame juo e pahelAM tame mRtAtmAo ane devonI vAta zenI karavA mAMDo cho ? 101 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * lekinTo dhAryuM karAve che. nRtyamAM caMdArANI kone banAvavI e aMge badhAno abhiprAya le che. navI caMdArANInI nimaNUka thavI joIe ema kahe che kharo, paNa enI sAthe sAthe nRtya karanAra prathama vyakti banavAno inkAra kare che. nADuo AvI pahoMcatAM e tarata ja potAno nirNaya badalI nAkhe che ane ToLInA sabhyone ane vizeSe anya strIone nAkhyuAne nRtyanI caMgharANI tarIke svIkAravAno Agraha kare che. lekinTo : AlbInonI maMDaLInA sAthIo, yuvAnI pAmIne tamArA sauno navajanma thayo, e sAMje vule(eka vRkSonI DALIe je dorA bAMdhyA hatA tenI AmanyAnA jore, huM tamane saune nADuAno A ToLImAM svAgata - svIkAra karavAno Adeza ApuM chuM. havethI te bezaka ApaNAmAMnI ja eka gaNAze. rikAnAyaka lekinDo ToLInA sabhyo pAse potAno abhiprAya svIkArAve che. temane jANe ke bALako hoya tema samajato lAge che ! bIjI bAju te nADuAne kahe che ke ToLInA sabhyone ToLAM tarIke svIkAravA te ja barAbara che, kAraNa ke ToLAmAM vicAra karavAnI zakti hotI nathI. nADuAnI hAjarImAM zunDa sAtheno teno saMgharSa tenI ugratA darzAve che ane vaDIlo pratye mAna na hovAnI chApa UbhI kare che. cAlI AvatI lokaparaMparA sAme ane potAnA pitAnI sAme baLavo karavo te AgavI vicArazakti mAgI le tevuM pagaluM hatuM. eNe ghaNA samaya pUrve AnI yojanA ghaDI rAkhI hatI, kiMtu mAtra yogya takanI rAha joto hato. zun : lekinTo, mArA dIkarA, tane thayuM che zuM ? agAu teM kyAreya AvI rIte vAta nathI karI. lekinTo : atyAra sudhI meM bALakanI jema vAta karI che. have ApaNe be moTerAMnI jema vAta karIe. nATakanA viSayavastu parathI spaSTa thAya che ke lekinDo ToLInA sabhyono upayoga rakSaNa mATe ane nADuAnA svIkAra mATe kare che. tenA rUDhiparivartananA kAryamAM A bAbato nimitta bane che. AthI eka stare lekinDo samAjanAM pragatizIla tattvone vAcA ApIne samagra samAjanA kalyANa mATe parivartananI tarapheNa karato lAge che, tema chatAM A parivartana tene aMgata rIte lAbhadAyI che. 0 102 ] * Aphrikana parivezamAM vartamAna saMgharSa * suMdara yuvatI nAmane medAnI pradezanA vaDIlo paradezI gaNe che, kAraNa ke tenA pradA paradezI hatA, je A pradezanI strI sAthe paraNyA hatA. nAnyuA tenI suMdaratAne kAraNe puruSomAM AkarSaNanuM kendra hatI, jyAre A jAtinI anya strIo enI sAthe upekSApUrNa vyavahAra karatI hatI, kAraNa ke e strIone nADuAnI IrSA thatI hatI. vaDIlo dvArA nADuAnI thatI avahelanAnuM kAraNa e nathI ke te paradezI che, paraMtu tenI sunnata vidhi thayela nathI. zunDa: acchA ? to tamane ema lAge che ke vaDIlo A kAmamAM niSphaLa nIvaDyA ke emAM cUka karI ? to pachI, sauthI hoziyAra gaNAtA rikAnAya ke, huM paNa tane eTaluM jaNAvI dauM ke e paradezI chokarIne ame yauvanasaMskAra eTalA mATe ApyA nathI ke teno bApa merIo ApaNI vastIno nathI. koNa hatA enA pUrvajo ane emane kayAM dATelA che enI ApaNane kazI khabara nathI. e cho karInA mAthA sATe kayA pretAtmAne bolAvavA ? tenA AzIrvAda mATe kayA devane upAsavA ? makkama nAkhyuAne jAti sAthe bhaLavAnI manAI hovA chatAM te hiMmatabhera A pratibaMdhane Thokara mAre che. je dhikkArathI vaDIlo enA pratye varte che te ja rIte temanI sAthe e varte che. te vaDIlone kadarUpA ane 'prAcIna AMkhovALA' kahe che. zunDa tene gAya, gheTI, jharakha ane jaMgalanI jhADInA nirarthaka prANI tarIke oLakhAve che. ApaNane Azcarya thAya ke nADuA pratyeno ATalo dhikkAra yogya che kharo ? buddhizALI nAkhyuAnI vAta gaLe UtarI jAya tevI hoya che. A pradezanA sabhyo sAthe tene be vaDIlo nAgaveDe ane gAthenyA nRtya karatI jue che tyAre te samavayaskonI ToLInA potAnA sAthIone tenA saMtApanuM sAcuM kAraNa darzAvatI nathI, pariNAme vaDIlo ane yuvAToLI vacceno saMgharSa eTakAve che. nADuAnI mAtA sAthenI vAtacItamAM enA svabhAvanuM sAhajika citra khaDuM thAya che, paraMtu lekinTo sAthenA tenA saMbaMdho parathI khyAla Ave che ke te sAva bhoLI nathI. te kabUla paNa kare che ke te ane lekinTo vasaMta daramiyAna khAnagImAM maLatAM hatAM.

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* zabdasamIpa * cothA dazyamAM tene khyAla Ave che ke leremA sAthe paraNAvavAnI bAbatamAM tenI sAthe chetarapiMDI karavAmAM AvI che, tyAre e taddana zAMta rahe che. joke AvAM pagalAMthI ene vajAghAtano anubhava thAya che kharo ? chetarAyelI nAkhyuA prapaMcI leremAne eka vRddha jharakha ane eka nAza thAya tevA vRddha bhUta tarIke oLakhAve che. AtmasanmAna thavA mATe e potAnI jAtane sajja kare che ane AvI paristhitimAM potAnI jAtane mArI nAkhavA mATe pUratI hiMmata keLave che. pradezanI paraMparA jALavavAnI enI khevanAnI thayelI vAMcanAne kAraNe AghAta pAme che. nADuA pAse dehasauMdarya sAthe vicArasauMdarya paNa che. lekinTonA pitA zunuM eka praNAlikAgata mukhI che. te vaDIlono pratinidhi che ane eno putra lekinTo yuvAnono. pariNAme baMne vacce soharAba-rustamI thAya che. paraMparAnuM aMdha anukaraNa karanAra zundu sahu koInI pAse, potAnA putranI pAse paNa aMdha AjJApAlananI apekSA rAkhe che, paraMparAno virodha ene mATe asahya cho. te kahe che : zunha : A TekarIo ane medAno kaMI meM banAvyAM nathI. e jevAM che evAM ja meM joyAM che. mane to eTalI khabara che ke ApaNA loko emanA pUrvajonAM rUDhirivAjanuM pAlana karIne moTA thayA che ane tAre jo ugamaNI dizAmAM sUrya Athame tathA AthamaNI dizAmAM sUrya Uge evuM badhuM UMdhuMcatuM karavuM hoya to huM maruM tyAM sudhI khamI jA. mArI pAchaLa loko mane yAda kare evuM mane game. te ema mAne che ke A pradezanI paraMparA sAcavaze to tene sahu yAda karaze. e badhA pAse pUrNa AjJApAlananI apekSA rAkhe che ane vyakti vaDIla hoya ke yuvAna, paNa enI pAsethI te sanmAnanI apekSA rAkhe che. pariNAme eno putra lekinTo tenI samakakSa hoya tevI rIte vAta kare che, tyAre tene kAramo AghAta lAge che. AthI e kahe che : basa, bahu thayuM. tame bezarama banIne tamArI halakI vAsanAthI ApaNI paraMparAne lAMchana lagADavA karo. huM kAMI ahIM Akho divasa Ubho Ubho, enI sAthe tuM juvAnInA jozamAM cUMka uDADavA kare te sAMbhaLyA karavAno nathI. ane jaMgalonA badhA ja nAge emanuM tamAma jhera tArI AMkhomAM ThAlavyuM haze to tArA mATe huM paNa mArA jherano upayoga 104 ] * Aphrikana parivezamAM vartamAna saMgharSa * karIza. je gheTIne tuM hamaNAM paMpALIne ramADI rahyo to e to che paradezI ane apavitracapunI dhAre tArA zaizavanI cAmaDI utarAvyAnA divase te dhAraNa karelA vastranI jema te strI tAre mATe niSiddha che. zunuM jAheramAM potAnA putrano sAmano karavA dhasI jAya che, te enI aparipakvatA darzAve che ane enA saMvAdo yuvAno sAtheno eno meLa azakya banAve tevA che. tenA sthAnane kAraNe tenI pAse evI apekSA rahe ke te tenA putrane evI salAha Ape ke jethI teno putra tenI vayanA sAthIomAM eka dRSTAMtarUpa banI rahe. jo ke zundu pracalita paraMparAne mAne Ape che, paraMtu keTalIka paLoe A bAbatamAM tenI niSThA pratye ApaNane zaMkA jAya che. te mAna vagara maMdiramAM dhasI jato nathI ane leremAne pradezanA lokone bolAvavAnuM mAna vagara kaheto nathI. ToLInA sabhyo paDakAra rUpe bhAlAne toDI nAkhe che tyAre zunu lekinTo sAthe laDavAno prayatna kare che paNa pharIthI te leremA dvArA aTakAvAya che. spaSTa kahIe to atyaMta jhaDapathI gusse thaI jatA zunDanuM kArya koThAsUjha dharAvatA vaDIla tarIke chAjatuM nathI. vAMgA mATenA saMtApanuM kAraNa tene pUchavAmAM Ave che tyAre te yuvAno para pAgala hovAno Aropa mUke che. e aNagamo anubhave che paNa pragaTa karato nathI. zunha evI pahelI vyakti che ke je devo para Aropa mUke che ke A pradeza choDI teo cAlyA gayA che. nu : vAMgAdeva ApaNAthI nArAja che. ApaNe medAnI pradezamAM AlbIno jevA ajANyA ne raMgavihIna lokone AvakAryA te badala temaNe ApaNane Thapakoya Apyo. ane temanA kAraNe ApaNAM kALajAM paththaramAM bhaMDArAI jaze evI AgAhI paNa karatA gayA. bAbIno nAma dharAvatI maMDaLI to kharI ja paNa sAthosAtha ApaNA saunA mAthe e zApa varasAvatA gayA che. ahIM zundu avicArI ane uddhata lAge che. vAMgAnA mukhya pUjArI leremA devanA maMdiramAM tenI patnI makumba sAthe rahe che. vAMgAnA pradhAna rUpe leremAe A pradezanA lokonA AdhyAtmika kalyANa 105 ]

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* zabdasamIpa : mATe saMbhALa levAnI hoya che, paraMtu te anyanA durbhAgyamAM AnaMda anubhavato lAge che. AvA durbhAgyanA nivAraNa kAje loko Dhora ane bIjI kImatI cIjavastuo maMdirane bali rUpe samarpita kare che. lesIjorene zrImaMta banAvAnI prArthanA kare che jethI enA maMdiranI punaHmulAkAta RNabharyA samarpaNabhAva sAthe thAya. lesIjore chevaTe maMdira tyaje che, tyAre zramita leremA nisAso nAkhe che. leremA vAMgAdevane nAme kArya kare che, paNa vAMgAdevamAM te khuda zraddhAniSTha nathI. maMdiranA kAryamAM saheje AnaMda anubhavato nathI, kAraNa ke mAtra AjIvikA arthe ja e saghaLAM dhArmika kAryo kare che. ja vAMgAmAM avizvAsa dharAvato leremA spaSTa rUpe tene potAne saMtAnasukhanA AzIrvAda ApyA nahIM, te mATe doSita Therave che. 14 leremAM makumbhu, tArA dIkarA sAme ApaNA dIkarA sAme jo. vAMgAdeve ApaNane potAnA maMdiranI chatrachAyA heThaLa rAkhyA che ane te ApaNane AvuM duHkha kema Ape che ALasu, ane pazu jevA besumAra mUrkha loko DhagalAbaMdha chokarAMnI laMgAra jaNe che ne uchere che ane chokarAM joIe che ke nahIM enI emane kazI paDI paNa nathI hotI. keTalIka strIo to jaNavAnuM baMdha karavAnAM osaDiyAM zodhavA vanavagaDe bhamI vaLe che. ane ApaNe juo ! ApaNane maLI che A khoparI, ene chokaruM mAnIne ApaNe ucheravAnI. makumbu : vAMgAdeva je eka hAthe Ape che te huM be hAthe jakaDI rAkhuM chuM. huM phariyAda karatI nathI. 1 leremAM huM paNa kyAM phariyAda karuM chuM ? makumbu : tame to karo ja cho vaLI. savArathI sAMja sudhI mAre tamane keTalI vAra kahevuM paDe che ke mUrti pAchaLa ApaNo dIkaro che ja.bAre mAsa tamArI lavarI cAlu hoya che 'mAre dIkaro hota to sAruM.' vArasadAra vagaranI saMpattine leramA nirarthaka mAne che. bIjI bAju lesIjorene puSkaLa bALakonA AziSa sAMpaDe tevI vAMgAne prArthanA kare che. maMdiranI paristhiti Q 106 D Aphrikana parivezamAM vartamAna saMgharSa * para leremAnuM kazuM niyaMtraNa nathI. te makumbhuno AjJAMkita pati che, je tene leTI khoparI - mATe vicitra, hAMsIpAtra vidhi karAvavAno hukama kare che. zunDu maMdiramAM dhasI Ave che ane medAnamAM vasatI prajAne maMdiramAM bolAvavA hukama Ape che ane kAraNa jANyA vinA leremA lokone bolAve che. lokone bolAvIne pote vAMgAmAM parivartana pAmyo che, tema kahIne temane mUrkha banAve che. vAMgA tarIke e Aropa mUke che ke vaDIloe temanI vacce paradezIone rahevA daIne Aphata vahorI lIdhI che. yuvAnonA praznane ukelavAne badale te emanI pAse balidAna mAge che ane paradezIono saMhAra karavA kahe che. lekinDo ane zunDu vaccenA vikhavAdanuM kAraNa nAmbuA che, te leremA sArI peThe jANe che. tethI A paristhitino lAbha uThAvavA e merIone dArU pIvA nimaMtraNa Ape che jethI nAmvaAnAM lagnanI anumati meLavI zake. aMtima dezya daramiyAna e pratIti thAya che ke enI yojanA sAva viphaLa gaI che, tyAre luccAIthI lekinDo ne nAmbuA sAthenAM lagna mATe AzIrvAda ApI samAdhAnano mArga zodhe che. aMtima dazyamAM leremAM jhaDapathI parAjaya svIkAre che, tyAre prazna e thAya ke leremA ATalI jhaDape zA mATe tAbe thayo ? pote napuMsaka hovAthI nAmbuA pAsethI saMtAna prApta karI zake tema nathI te kAraNe ? ke pachI lekinDo ane nAmbuAno upayoga karIne muzkela saMjogomAM potAnI jAtane bacAvavA prayatna karI rahyo che ? nATyalekhaka A vicAra darzakonI kasoTI para choDI de che. nATakanI traNa strIomAMnI eka makumbu vaDIla che ane e AlbInonI maMDaLInuM sabhyapada dharAvatI nathI. bIjI be strIo TATu te merIonI patnI ane sIkITu enI bahena che. makumbu leremAnI patnI che, tethI vAMgAnI devadAsI che. nATakanAM tamAma pAtromAM e vizeSa rahasyamaya che. leremAne saMtAnasukhanI prApti mATe paraNI hatI. tene bALakanI apekSA hoya che. leremA napuMsaka hovAthI tene bALaka thayuM nahIM, jyAre enuM anaurasa bALaka mRtyu pAmyuM. makumbue e anaurasa mRta bALakanI khoparI sAcavI rAkhI hatI ane te jIvaMta hoya tema tenI sAthe vartatI hatI. makumbu kuthalIkhora hatI ane tenA patinI jema te paNa anya lokonA durbhAgyathI AnaMdita thAya che. jyAre tene khyAla Ave che ke lesIjore kamanasIbIno 109

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* zabdasamIpa * bhoga banyo che ane pariNAme tenI pAsethI baLada ane gAya vAMgAnI bheTa rUpe maLaze tyAre AnaMda anubhave che. leremA vAMgAmAM badalAya che, vAMgAnA rUpe bole che,tyAre makumbu vAMgAnI devadAsI tarIke vartana karIne judA judA pATha bhajavavAnI kalAmAM nipuNatA dAkhave che. enuM A kauzala enA patine vAMgAnuM pAtra bhajavavAmAM sahAyaka bane che. potAnA mRta putranI khoparI sAthenA tenA saMbaMdho tene eka manorugNa nArI tarIke rajU kare che je potAnI cittasmairya gumAvavAnI aNI para che, te DAkaNanI jema varte che ane te mAne che ke leTI jIvaMta che. leTInAM lagnanI gaMbhIratAthI darakhAsta kare che. hakIkata e che ke teNe khoparInAM lagnanI vidhi karavA mATe leremA para dabANa karyuM . A samaye zunDu maMdiramAM dhasI Ave che tyAre makumbu khoparI chupAvavAnuM DahApaNabharyuM kAma kare che. 'dha brAiDa'nuM viSayavastu traNa pravAhamAM vahe che. A traNa viSayavastu che manasvIpaNe karAto sAmAjika bhedabhAva, be peDhI vaccenuM aMtara ane dharmano ayogya upayoga. A viSayavastu ekbIjA sAthe AMtarika rIte gUMthAyeluM che. A bAbato A pradezanA lokonI paraMparAgata jIvanazailInA mULamAM dRDha rIte ropAyelI che. vaLI A prajA tenA kalyANa mATe vAMgAdeva para AdhAra rAkhe che. 'dha brAiDa'mAM rajU thayelo eka saMgharSa te pradezanA vaDIlo dvArA ladAyelA pratibaMdhanI AsapAsa AkAra le che. A pratibaMdha taddana pAyA vinAnI dhArmika bhAvanAnA rUpamAM zuntu ane tenA vaDIlonI TukaDI nAmbuAnA tenI vayaska yuvAno sAthenA sunnata karavAnA adhikAranA inkAra rUpe jovA maLe che. vaDIlo dAvo kare che ke potAnI nAmbuAnA mastaka para koI adhikAra dharAve tevA pretAtmAne te Ubho karI zake tema nathI, kAraNa ke teo temanA pUrvajone jANatA nathI temaja emane kyAM daphanAvyA che tenI emane khabara nathI. nAmbuAne mAnyatA ApavAno inkAra karavAnA hAMsIpAtra kAraNa tarIke Ano upayoga thAya che. hakIkatamAM to nAmbuAnA dAdA A pradezanI strIne paraNyA hatA. nAmbuAnI nAnI ane tenI mA banne A pradezanI strIo hatI. paradezI gaNIne nAmbuAne kaI rIte alaga pADI zakAya ? lekinDonI AgevAnI heThaLa yuvAna peDhI mAne che ke medAnI pradezanA samAjamAM prema ane yauvananA sahaja anubhavone mApadaMDa tarIke svIkAravA - 108 ] Aphrikana parivezamAM vartamAna saMgharSa * joIe. A dRSTie nAmbuA vayaska yuvakonI maMDaLImAM sAmela thavAnI pUrI yogyatA dharAve che. tene A yuvAno sArI rIte jANe che ane A badhAnI sAthe ja e moTI thaI che. merIo ane tenI patnI TADhu baMne A pradezamAM janmyAM ane UcharyAM hovAthI medAnI pradezanI prajA tarIke mAnyatA dharAvatAM hatAM. * bIjAM badhAM pAtro karatAM merI A pradezanI prajAnI sukhAkArI mATe vadhu kAryazIla che. TekarIonI jaMgalI prajAnA chellA AkramaNa samaye merIo A pradezanA rakSaNa mATe vyavasthA kare che, paraMtu A prajA emanA tarapha bhedabhAvanI tirADa kAyama rAkhavA cAhatI hovAthI teo merIonA prayatnone sAmAnya gaNIne utArI pADe che. nAmbuA A apamAnajanaka bhedabhAvane pragaTa karatAM kahe che : nAmbuA : paradezIo AvA premane pAtra nathI. mArA bApujI merIono dAkhalo lo. A medAnanI vastI temane apanAve e mATe temaNe zuM zuM nathI karyuM ? potAnA pitAnI jema e ahIM ja paraNyA. vAvavAnuM, laNavAnuM ke vINavAnuM - gAmanuM game te nAnuMmoTuM kAma hoya - nagArAno sAda paDaze doDI javAmAM e mokhare rahyA che. sUryAstavALI TekarIo pAchaLathI jaMgalI ToLIoe humalo karyo tyAre dareka raste cokIo mArA bApe ja UbhI karI 'tI ane chevaTe e humalAkhorone TekarIonI pAra tageDI mUkyA'tA. lekinDo : hA, paNa vastIe emanuM bahumAna paNa karyuMtuM ne ? jamIna ane makAnano haka temane maphatamAM maLyo'to. ane gArdhanyAe to potAnI eka dIkarI bIjI patnI rUpe ApavAnuM paNa kahyuM 'tuM. joke tArA bApujIe enI nA pADItI. nAmbu gAthenyAnI dIkarIne mArA bApujI patnI tarIke svIkArI zake tema natA. A dIkarInI mA eTale ke gAlenyAnI patnI mArA bApujInI mAnI bahena thAya; paNa ame rahyA paradezI, amAre evA koI niSedha hoya nahIM... lekinDo : e to zaramajanaka apamAna kahevAya. mane enI khabara nahIM. nAmbuA paNa gAthenyAe e ja karyuM; ane emAM koI irAdo na hato evuM Q 109 -

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* zabdasamIpa * nathI. mArA bApujInA vijayano AnaMda osare te pahelAM ja e buDhAe mArA bApujInuM apamAna karyuM. teNe kahyuM ke eka jaMgalI jabIjA jaMgalIne tageDI mUkI zake. mArA bApujInI yuktione teNe coranI yuktio tarIke oLakhAvI, kAraNa ke badhA paradezIo cora hoya che. medAnI pradezanA vaDIlo phakta kRtaghnI ja nathI, paraMtu krUra vartAva karanArA paNa che. gAghenyA potAnI dIkarI merIone bheTa tarIke dhare che, jeNe jaMgalIo sAthenA chellA yuddha daramiyAna mahattvano bhAga bhajavyo hato. paNa te sArI rIte jANatA hatA ke merIo A chokarIne paraNavAnuM svIkArI na zake, kAraNa ke gAghenyAnI patnI nAmbuAnI dAdInI bahena hatI. Aphrikana paraMparAgata samAjamAM AvA nikaTanA saMbaMdhI sAthenA lagnano niSedha che, AthI pote paradezI hovA chatAM A darakhAstano asvIkAra karIne prajAnI paraMparA mATeno Adara pragaTa kare che. nAmbuA kahe che ke jyAre medAnamAM jAhera kAryakrama hoya ane khAsa karIne maMdiramAM hoya tyAre merIo A kAryakramamAM hAjarI ApanAra sauprathama vyakti hoya che. zunDu leremAne maMdiramAM prajAne bolAvavAnuM kahe che tyAre sauprathama AvanArAomAM merIo hoya che. merIo ATalI AjJAMkita ane kabIlAnI paraMparAne Adara Apato hovA chatAM zA mATe tenA kuTuMba pratye bhedabhAva dAkhavavAmAM Ave che ? A bheda kapolakalpita dhAraNAo para AdhArita hoya che. merIonI niSThAmAM zaMkA prere tevI vAto ane aphavAo cagAvavAmAM AvI che. udAharaNa rUpe kahIe to tenA para evo Aropa mukAya che ke te rAtrinA aMdhakAramAM lokonA gharamAMthI gheTAM corI jAya che, paNa A mATe koI purAvA apAtA nathI. vaLI merIo sAmeno bhedabhAva paristhiti pramANe badalAto rahe che. AvI ja rIte vAMgAno pratinidhirUpa leremA yuvAnone bahekAvanAra tarIke AlbInone oLakhAve che, paNa e aMge koI sAbitI Apato nathI. balke eTaluM ja tAraNa Ape che ke AlbInone mArI nAkhavA joIe. Ama AlbInonA saMhAra ke merIo pratyenA bhedabhAvanI bAbatamAM koI tarka ke niyama nihita nathI. nATakano bIjo saMgharSa te yuvA-vaDIlonI peDhI vacceno saMgharSa che. vaDIlonA - 110 ] Aphrikana parivezamAM vartamAna saMgharSa * agraNI zunDu ane yuvA peDhInA netA lekinDo vaccenA saMgharSamAM te pragaTa thAya che. lekinDo enA samAjane nakArAtmaka ane nirdayI tattvomAMthI mukta karavAnI laDatamAM AgevAnI le che. AmAM paradezIo viruddha rakhAtA bheda ane pratibaMdhano paNa samAveza thAya che. paDozI jAti sAme vinA kAraNe binajarUrI yuddha vahorI levAnI vRtti ke jhanUnano paNa virodha kare che. kabIlAnA sabhyo nRtya kare che te sthaLa eka mahattvanuM milanasthaLa hoya che. AphrikAnI paraMparA mujaba A sthaLe mahattvanA nirNayo levAtA hoya che. tema chatAM lekinDo A pradezane nirarthaka sthAna kahe che, kAraNa ke AgaLa jatAM lekinDo vaDIlone charIono bhAro kahe che. zunDu 52dezI AlbInone yuvAnonA manamAM vAjhima (zetAna) ghusADanAra gaNe che. yuvAno dvArA thato vaDIlazAhIno virodha ene Avo AkSepa karavA prere che. yuvAnonA vartanamAM ane khAsa karIne lekinDonA vartanamAM evuM kazuMya nathI ke je zunyune AvA nirNaya para lAvI de ! juo lesIjore AlbIno para Aropa mUke che H lesIjore : vaDIlo, tamArI avasthAmAMthI mane thoDAM varSo uchInA levA do. jethI mAro vAro nathI chatAM mArI vAta kahI lauM, kAraNa ke A trAsadAyaka satya meM mArI AMkhe joyuM che ane mArA kAne sAMbhaLyuM che. AlbInonI hatyA karo. AlbInono vadha karavo ja joIe. A medAnomAM A ajANyA paradezIone ApaNe AvakAryA tyAre ApaNane ema hatuM ke e loko mAtra AvajA kare che. ane pagano thAka utAravA sudhI ja ApaNI joDe rahIne emano pachIno paMtha kApavA mAMDaze. paNa A to juo. A loko to rahI paDyA ane ahIM aDDo jamAvI dIdho. RtuonA pitA vAMgAdeve hamaNAM ja ApaNane cetavI dIdhA che ke e loko A medAnone paththaromAM bhaMDArI deze ane e devanI sUrya-caMdranI AMkho badhuM ja joI zake che. e kyAreya ApaNane chetaratA nathI. AlbInoe jemAM paDAva nAkhyo che te TekarI pariyA guphAno paMthaka banI gayo che. jIve nAmanA tarasa prANInI pavitra TekarI paNa - 111 D

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zabdasamIpa * temaNe toDI pADI che ane e TukaDAmAMthI temanAM apavitra raheThANa bAMdhyAM che. vaLI AlbInoe potAnA deva mATe paththaranuM maMdira paNa UbhuM karyuM che, ane ApaNAM chokarAM hAthamAM AvI jAya to temane tyAM laI jAya che ane temane evA pATha bhaNAve che ke vAMgamAM koI deva nathI, paNa kevaLa bhaDakI tathA mRtyuthI bhareluM juThThANuM che. pitRdevanA vAjabI kopane temanA lohI vinA zAMti vaLavAnI nathI. have to mAro, mArI ne mAro. AlbIno lAMbA samaya sudhI A pradezamAM sakriya rahyA haze, ema lAge che. AthI teoe A pradezamAM kAyamI devaLa banAvavAnI vyavasthA karI che. nATakamAM A pradezanA vaDIlone svArthaparAyaNa, pachAta mAnasa dharAvatA ane kRtaghnI darzAvAyA che. merIo taraphanA temanA vartanane katanI kahyuM che. A vaDIlo maMdira tarapha gheTAMnI jema doravAI jAya che ane pharIthI tyAM teo baMne pakSane sAMbhaLIne vivekapUrNa rIte teonA matabhedonI carcA karavAmAM niSphaLa nIvaDe che. praNAlikAgata rIte A vistAranA lokone mATe A eka vicAraNAnuM agatyanuM sthaLa che. vaDIlo yuvAnonI vartaNUkanI bAbatane zA mATe cheka maMdira sudhI laI jAya che ? A darzAve che ke teo parasparanA saMvAdathI samasyAnuM samAdhAna sAdhavA samartha nathI ane A praznonA ukela mATe vAMgA para AdhAra rAkhe che. Ama A viSayamAM vaDIlo temanI vaicArika pakvatA dAkhavavAmAM niSphaLa nIvaDe che. zunDathI doravAIne teo mAne che ke yuvako samAja aMge nirNaya levAnI prakriyAmAM bhAga bhajavI zake teTalA paripakva nathI, paNa samaya jatAM e puravAra thAya che ke vaDIlo karatAM yuvAno vadhu prauDha vicArazakti dAkhave che. maMdiramAM vaDIlo khacakATa ane mUMjhavaNa anubhave che, jyAre yuvAno AlbInonI katala karavAnA hukamane paDakAre che. A samaye vaDIlone e khyAla nathI Avato ke have teoe A paDakAra sAme kevA prakAranI pratikriyA karavI joIe. bIjI bAju yuvAno lohIno chaMTakAva na thAya tema potAnA nirNayane dRDha rIte vaLagI rahe che ane potAnA nirNayanI dRDhatA darzAvavA potAnA bhAlAne toDI nAkhe che. nATyakAra osTIna luvAngA bukanyAe peDhI-peDhI vaccenuM aMtara darzAvavA 112 ] * Aphrikana parivezamAM vartamAna saMgharSa * pAtrone yuvAna ane vaDIlo ema be jUtha dvArA alaga pADyAM che. vRddha pAtro rUDhicusta, svArthI, jiddI ane jiMdagI vize atArkika abhigama dharAvanArAM che. tenI sAme yuvAno ekabIjA mATe pragaTa rUpe IrSA darzAve che ane Adarza aMge muktapaNe vicAryA vinA lekinDone anusare che. temano sauthI mahattvano muddo e che ke teo katala nahIM kare, kAraNa ke temane vAMgAe jiMdagI mATe saryA che. vAMgAno mukhya pUjArI leremA nAkhyuA ane lekinDone AzIrvAda Ape che. nADuA eka paradezI strI hovA chatAM "tame pasaMdagInAM lagnane Ujavo" tema kahe che. AphrikAnI medAnI pradezanI A jAtimAM dhArmika mAnyatAo kendrasthAne hoya che. emanuM maMdira e emanA Izvara vAMgAnuM daihika AviSkaraNa gaNAya che. durbhAgya mAthA para jhaLuMbatAM ja samRddha amIka lesIjore vAMgAnA maMdiramAM Ave che. pUjArI leremAM mAraphate vAMgAnI pAse potAnuM dhana ane Arogya punaH prApta karavA koziza kare che. zunDa ane tenA putra lekinDo vacce matabheda sarjAya che, tyAre zundu maMdire jaIne vaDIlone bolAve che jethI A samasyAno ukela Ave. Ane sAmAjika samasyA gaNato hovAthI zundu maMdiramAM jAya che. A Aphrikana jAtimAM dharma kendrabhUta hovAthI emanI mAnyatAo ane IzvaranI temanI pAsenI apekSAo mahattvanI bAbata gaNAya che. vAMgAdevanI icchAnuM vaDIlonI purANI peDhI khoTuM arthaghaTana kare che ane tene pariNAme yuvAno maMdira dvArA prabodhAtI jIvanarItino virodha kare che. nADuAne tenA vayaskonI maMDaLImAM mAnyatA ApavAnI vaDIlonI nAmaMjUrInuM kAraNa zunDanI samajUtI pramANe dhArmika che. jyAre yuvAnonA Akroza aMge vAMgAno saMparka sAdhavAmAM Ave che, tyAre vAMgA AlbInone medAnI pradezamAM dAkhala karavA mATe vaDIlono vAMka darzAve che. emAMthI vaDIlo AlbInono saMhAra karavAnuM tAraNa kADhe che ! pUjArI leremA ane tenI manoruSNa patnI makumbanI vartaNUka A jAtine mATe dharmanI TIkA karavAnuM kAraNa bane che. pUjArI leremA dharmane dukAna banAvIne enA dvArA zakya teTaluM dravyopArjana kare che. lokonI dharmabhAvanAno khoTo 1 113 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * geralAbha uThAve che. leremA vAMgAne nAme potAno svArtha sAdhe che, paNa sAthosAtha potAne vAMjhiyo rAkhavA mATe vAMgAne maheNAM mAravAnuM cUkato nathI. zunuM ane nAkhyuAnI mAtA TATune vAMgAmAM saheje zraddhA nathI. rojiMdI sAmAjika ane dhArmika bAbatomAM vAMgAnI salAha letI hovA chatAM A jAtine vAMgA mATe vizeSa Adara nathI. vAMgAnI sevA mATe A jAti kevI vyaktinI pasaMdagI kare che, tenA parathI AnI jhAMkhI thaze. pUjArI leremAM napuMsaka che ane tenI patnI makbu maMdiramAM anaurasa putrane laIne Ave che. vAMgA pratyeno abhAva anyatra paNa sUcavAyo che. jyAre TATune khyAla Ave che ke nADuA lekinTo sAthe bahAra jAya che tyAre tene bhIti lAge che ke tenI dIkarI have kumArikA rahI nathI. AthI TATu tatkALa nAkhyuAnAM lagna maMdiramAM karavAnuM nakkI kare che, kAraNa ke yuvAna chokarI khoTA raste doravAya temAM vAMgA madadarUpa thatA hoya che. | bIjI bAju nATakamAM paradezIonA dharma vize mAtra eTaluM ja kahevAmAM Ave che ke teo devaLa bAMdhe che. emanI dharmabhAvanA vize kazuM kahevAyuM nathI. pAtranI bhASA dvArA te pAtranA AMtarika valaNano paricaya Ape che. 'dha brAiDa'nAM moTA bhAganAM pAtro Aphri kane jAtimAM UcI gaNAtI pratIkAtmaka bhASA prayoje che. vibhinna prakAranI kalpanAmAM nATayalekhakanuM bhASAkauzala jovA maLe che. yuvAno ane vRddho samAne bhASAno upayoga karIne nATakamAM eka vAtAvaraNa race che ane ethI ja lekinDo ane enA pitAnI bhASAmAM abhivyaktinI dRSTie kazo bheda nathI. bukanyAe yuvAno ane vaDIlo vacceno bhASAbheda bane teTalo gALI nAkhyo che. pariNAme badhAM pAtronI bhASAmAM sAmya dRSTigocara thAya che. 'Aphrikananesa'no Agraha sevatA nATyasarjaka bukanyAe lekinTo ane enA pitAnA vivAdane kAvyAtmaka abhivyaktimAM Alekhyo che. vAstavamAM AvuM kAvyAtmaka zailIyuddha hotuM nathI. paristhiti mujaba lekinDo enA pitA karatAM judI be bolato hota to Aphrikana pariveza vadhu sArI rIte jaLavAyo hota. nATyalekhakanI kAvyAtmaka zailIne kAraNe pitA-putra vacceno vaicArika saMgharSa Upasato nathI. A saMgharSanA AlekhanamAM sauMdaryamaDhI abhivyakti che, paNa bhAvanI oTa nathI. 114 ] * Aphrikana parivezamAM vartamAna saMgharSa * zunuM ; lekinTo. mANasonI jIbha ghaNI vAra juThuM bole che. mane hatuM ke bIjA divasonI jema meM Aje paNa jUThANuM ja sAMbhaLyuM haze. AnA karatAM to ahIMthI vahelAM jatA rahevuM tuM ne, jethI mAre A badhuM joIne AMkho bALavAno vAro AvatA nahIM. lekinDo : tamArI AMkhone haju ghaNuM jovAnuM bAkI che ane tamArA kAna mATe tAjA samAcAra paNa che : ahIM UbhI che te merIonI dIkarI nAkhyu-Ane AlbInonI maMDaLImAM dIkSA ApI che. zunuM ; dIkSA ApI che e vAta mArA mATe kaMI samAcAra jevI nathI : AkhA gAmamAM e vAta carcAya che. lekinDo, mAre je jANavuM che te e che ke ene dIkSA ApI che koNe ? lekinDo : ame ApI che. zu : ane AvI sattA dharAvanAra tame cho koNa ?tame pote to haju hamaNAM ja zaizavanA kocalAmAMthI bahAra nIkaLyA cho ane lokone maMDaLImAM praveza ApavAnI hiMmata karo cho ? lekinTo : A medAnanI vastImAM zaizavanI kAMcaLI ame utArI nAkhI che. ane amane have jovanAInA vaDa para bhale nAnI to nAnI paNa zANapaNanI DALIo phUTI cUkI che. amArA vaDIlo je kAMI karavAnuM cUkI gayA te badhuM ame ja pAra pADIzuM. ahIM saMvAdo TUMkA ane mArmika hoya te jarUrI hatuM. pitA-putra vaccenA vaicArika saMgharSamAM saMvAdonI AvI paTAbAjI bahu anurUpa lAgatI nathI. nADuAe Aphrikana lokasAhityanAM ati saraLa ane apratyakSa nirUpaNono virodha karyo che, paNa teo khuda eno bhoga banyA che. nATakamAM prayojAyelA rUDhiprayogo ane abhivyaktinI tAjagI noMdhapAtra che ane te nATakanA hetune pragaTa karavAmAM sahAyaka bane che. nATakanA zIrSakamAM ane maMdiranI khoparImAM nATakanI mULabhUta pratIkAtmaktA pragaTa thAya che. medAnI pradezanA lokonI AdhyAtmikatAne pragaTa karatA maMdiramAM 3 15 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * khoparInI hAjarI te maMdiranA asAmarthyane pragaTa karavA mATe pUratI che. jAtinI kalyANavAMchAne pUrNa karavAmAM vAMgA niSphaLa gayA che. khoparInA thayelA TukaDA dvArA tenI viphaLatA batAve che. sarjaka maMdiramAM punaHcaitanya lAvavAnuM sUcave che. nATyAMte A maMdira jIvana ane ullAsa bhaNI jaze, tevo AzAvAda kanyA nAmbuAnA pAtramAM maLe che. nATyakAra bukenyA A nATakamAM saMgIta, nRtya ane 'improvAijhDa'saMvAdono samucita upayoga karIne nATakane mAtra ucca saMvAdomAM sImita banatuM aTakAve che. nATakano prAraMbha prekSakonuM dhyAna AkarSavA mATe kavitAthI thAya che. bhukenyAe nATakanI prabhAvakatA jALavIne emAM gIta ane nRtya dvArA nATakamAM jIvaMtatA ANI che. nATakano prAraMbha yuvAnonA caMdArANInI pasaMdagInA vivAdathI darzAvIne nAmbuAnA maMDaLI sAthenA saMbaMdho ane tene mAnyatA ApavI ke nahIM te samasyAne uThAva Ape che. eka ja seTa para eka ja samaye be judA judA sthaLe thatI ghaTanA darzAvIne 'dazya' badalavAnI sthiti UbhI thavA dIdhI nathI. AphrikAmAM philmo, reDiyo, Telivijhana ane nATakomAM phyuTano vyApaka rUpe upayoga thAya che. emAMya nATakamAM prekSakane praNayadazyo mATe saMketa ApavA phyuTano upayoga thAya che. 'dha brAiDa'mAM paNa lekinDo ane nAmbuAnA praNayasaMbaMdhane darzAvavA mATe teno upayoga karyo che. A prakAranA saMgItane kAraNe prekSako tarata ja baMne pAtronA praNayasaMbaMdhane pAmI jAya che. nATakanA aMtima dRzyamAM paNa lagnotsavane upasAvavA mATe saMgIta prayojyuM che. AvA samaye aupacArika saMvAdo arthahIna banI jAya che. A uparAMta nAghenyAnA gItamAM ane lenDionA zAMtigAnamAM kAvyano upayoga karyo che. nAghenyAnA gItamAM AlbInono saMhAra karavA zastro uThAvI hatyA karavAnuM AhvAna che, to AnA pratibhAvamAM yuvAno arthahIna hatyA nahIM kare tevuM lekinDonuM gAna nATyasthitine upasAve che. Ama A nATaka Aphrikana parivezamAM vartamAna saMgharSane AlekhatA nATaka tarIke viziSTa banyuM che. Q 116 D 7 brAMDavenI sRSTi* nyUyaoNrka zaheranI raMgabhUmino paryAya eTale braoNDave. Ama to nyUyaoNrka zaheranI A sTrITa. bAuliMga grInathI zarU thatI A sTrITa loara braoNDavethI yuniyana skvera thaIne TAimsa skveramAM pUrI thAya. nyUyaoNrkanA prAraMbhanA divasomAM A brAMDave vistAramAM ane enI AsapAsa nATyagRho thayAM. samaya jatAM A sthaLa vyavasAyI nATyagRhonuM mukhya mathaka banyuM. vIsamI sadInA prAraMbhe TAimsa skveranAM nATyagRhomAM mukhyatve bhajavaNI thatI paraMtu 1930mAM maMdInuM mojuM AvyuM temaja philma mAdhyamano prAraMbha thayo eTale thiyeTara baMdhAtAM aTa* yAM ane 42mI sTrITanAM badhAM ja sattAvAra nATyagRho sinemAgRhomAM parivartita thayAM. 1950mAM bAkI bacelAM nATyagRho TI.vI.nAM prasAraNa kendro banI gayAM. nATyamaMDaLIo potAnAM nATako deza-dezAvaramAM bhajavatI tyAre enI vyavasAyI utkRSTatA darzAvavA mATe DAyare* Ta phraoNma braoNDave' evA zabdo prayojatA hatA. A brAMDavee aneka lIlI sUkI joI. amerikana patrakAra ane *eka divasanI mahArANI' : Demona raniyananI caMdravadana mahetAe anuvAdita karelI vArtAonA saMgrahanI bhUmikA -117

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* brAMDavenI sRSTi * bhAge kharIdanAra paNa nirArA thAya, kAraNa AvI vAta karanArA ghaNAkharA A prakAranA ja hoya che : "hA re jI ! gaI kAlanA chApAmAM meM tAro phoTo joyo ne, jarA * bho rahe, - meM bI parama divase...' tyAM bIjo TApazI pUre : nA, nA. traNa divasa pahelAM...' ane pahelo pAcho kahe : "nA, cokkasa gaI kAle ja.' Ama satya parathI saMzaya ane saMzaya uparathI Akhare satyanA khokhAmAM lapase, hakIkate vAtane pAyo ja na hoya, tyAM satyanI te zI carcA karavI ? * zabdasamIpa * vArtAlekhaka Demona raniyana ApaNane enI A navalikAo dvArA enA samayanI braoNDavenI sRSTino paricaya karAve che. braoNDave e amerikA ke nyUyorkanI koI ronaka nathI, paraMtu enI potIkI suSTi che. enI minI resTorAMmAM kaoNphI pIvA mATe bhAtabhAtanA loko Ave. dukAnadAra, gaThiyAo, pheriyAo, zeThiyAo - e badhAthI brAMDavenI A duniyA bharelI che. Demona raniyana brAMDavenI aMdhArI Alamano pUro jANakAra che. raniyanane vArtAkAra tarIke mopAsAM ke cekhova jeTalI nAmanA maLI nahi, paraMtu enI zailIno evo prabhAva paDyo, ke tene kAraNe e 'raniyanijhama' nAmano vAda sarjI gayo. eka divasanI mahArANI' ane anya navalikAonI kathAbhUmi che brAMDano vistAra, e braoNDavenA vistAramAM mAnavasvabhAvanAM je zveta ane zyAmaraMgI citro jovA maLyAM tene tAdRza citro sarjatI zailIthI e vistAra sAthe ane e vya itao sAthe sarjaka ApaNo gharobo bAMdhI Ape che. braoNDavemAM brAMDamAinDeDa mANaso che ane e ja rIte premamAM ghavAyelA evA gamagIna mANaso che ke emanAM AMsu ekaThAM karIe to keTalAya sAgara chalakAya. TAImsa vera para jAmatA gaThiyA, mAphiyA ane jugArIonA aDDAnI duniyA AmAM pratyakSa thAya che. A pustakanI 'eka divasanI mahArANI' navalikAmAM mAdAma lA gibsanuM citra philma ane raMgabhUminA kalAkArane AkarSe tevuM che. vizeSa to raniyananI (ane caMdravadana mahetAnI paNa eTalI ja) tAdRza zailImAM A citra AlekhAyuM che : have mAdAma A gimya e to nAma ja moTuM; bA kI darzana karo to badhuM ja khoTuM. vyati , ghareNAM, zarIra badhuM ja takalAdI. Aja paMdara varSathI A bAIne huM brAMDave para joto Avyo chuM. eka vAra juo to cALIsakano aDasaTTo kaho ne bIjI vAra juo to pacAsano paNa karI nAkho. kadIka chApAM vece, kadI ke phUlo vece. paNa enAM chApAM koNa eno bApa kharIde ? kAraNa, moTe bhAge e gaI kAlanAM jUnAM chApAM ja laIne phare; ane phUla koInI ThAThaDI uparathI e kaThAM karelAM. eTale aradhAM to tyAM ja marelAM - karamAyelAM hoya. koI vaLI kharIdavA paisA Ape, paNa phUla haMgAthe na le. ane chApAmAM to Agale divase sAMje ke rAte koIne potAnA vize kaMI AvyuM che. ke potAno chabo chapAyo che, evI bAtamI maLe to te vAsI chApuM kharIde. moTe have, bhAI, koIe to mane ema paNa kahyuM ke mAMdAma asala to aspAniyAmAM phakkaDa nAcanArI hatI. hAthamAM lAkaDAnI patAkaDI kaDaDa kaDaDa bolAvatI, baMne hAthano uparanIce Thumako karatI, minArata jevo moTo aMboDo bAMdhatI, ane khaMbhe pArasilenAborasilonAnI zAla paNa vIMTALatI. paNa 'ekasarakhA divasa koInA sukhamAM jAtA nathI.' ema enuM paNa banyuM. vAjuM vagaDavuM tyAM sudhI sAruM gADuM bagaDyuM tyAre gabaDavuM dharApATa ! koI kahe che ke ene * yAMka akasmAta thayelo eTale pagamAM jarA laMgaDAza AvI gayelI, ene premamAM tANo kaMIka vadhAre kheMcAI gayo eTale tAMtaNo tUTI javAthI jiMdagImAM paNa kaDavAza vadhI gaI. e kaDavAza nivAravA mAdAma jinamAM lAima ke lAimamAM jina bheLavIne pItI. pachI to ekaluM jina pIvAmAM ja e macI rahetI. enA koThAne to jina, 2ma biskI, badhuM ja sarakhuM hatuM." braoNDavenI duniyAnA 'dostImAM IDa ane benInI paMdara varSanI pAkI dostInI vAta che. brAMDavemAM benI benI dha blAinDa'nA nAme oLakhAya che. aMdha benInI jagata jovAnI AMkha che IDa. IDa je kaMI jue enuM varNana benIne saMbhaLAve . ghoDAdoDanI zarata cAlatI hoya, phUTabaoNlanI maeNca ramAtI hoya ke "reDa haoNTa lava' nATakanI rajUAta thatI hoya - A jugalajoDI tyAM pahoMcI jAya. pachI ene IDa jue ane varNave. A benIne pacIseka varSanI merI mArabala sAthe prema thAya che. IDa paNa ene cAhato hoya che. IDa benIne pANImAM DubADavAnI koziza kare che. ane pachI pANImAM DUbatA benIe 'guDa bAya IDa" kahyuM tyAre IDa ene bacAvavA kudyo ane pachI baMne mitro potAno hisAba cokhkho kare che. benI A ghaTanA bhUlI jaIne navesarathI vAta karavAnuM kahe che. IDa pUche che, kharekhara, benI ! tuM A ghaTanA bhUlI javA mAge che ? tane mArA upara roSa ke rIsa kazuM kahevA... 119 ] 3 118 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * paNa turata benIe IDano hAtha zodhI laIne pakaDI lIdho ane ene cUpa karatAM kahyuM : "jo IDa. tuM mane eTalo vahAlo che ke huM tAre khAtara pharI marI javA taiyAra chuM. mArI kahevAnI matalaba eTalI ja ke pANImAM gUMgaLAIne DUbI maravuM mane have nahi game, paNa bIjI koI rIta hoya to te tAre khAtara hajI mane mAnya che. kahe IDa, huM * yAre ane kaI rIte vidAya lauM ? "basa, benI ! have hisAba cokho thaI jAya che. sAMbha, jo tuM mAre khAtara marI javA taiyAra ho to huM misa merI mArabalane have tuM ja paraNe e vAta svIkAravA taiyAra chuM. tuM jiMdagIno bhoga ApavA taiyAra to ATalo mAro bhoga. ane benI, ame rahyA jyu. A merIne paraNuM to kadI ka amArA gharamAM takarAra paNa thAya. eTale have tuM ja ene paraNa. tamane baMnene bhAre lAgaNI paNa che, ane e tArI dekhasaMbhALa paNa sArI rAkhaze. mArA tane aMtaranA AzIrvAda.' ane pachI misa merI mArabala misisa benI banI.'' saMgrahanI keTalIka vArtAonI jema 'blaDaprezara' vArtA paNa huM dvArA kahevAI che. emAM rasTI cArlI sAthe nAthAnano aDDI, bohemiyana * laba ane misisa tustrInA methIpAkano anubhava AlekhAyAM che. vArtAno nAyaka AraMbhe ane aMte DaoN. brenanane maLe che. A huM eka pachI eka aDDAmAM jAya che. judA judA anubhavo meLavato rahe che, paNa sAthosAtha sAhajika vaLAMko letI vArtAmAM enI blaDaprezaranI vAta satata paDaghAyA kare che. vArtAno pravAha ane enI gUMthaNI baMne vAcakanA cittane harI le tevAM che. 'eka premakahANI'mAM brAMDavenI duniyAnA mAholanI vacce TobiyAsa zvinI ane DeborAnI addabhuta praNayakathA che. DeborAno anAdara. vinInI za itane paDakAre che. ane ene pariNAme vizvanI mazahUra ganamena bane che. eka samaye zvinIno anAdara karanArI DeborA enI AgaLa premanI AjIjI kare che. lekhaka kahe che. AvA laukika, dhAMdhaliyA. philmI uzkerATanA layamAM chelle je pariNAmo Ave te paNa AvyAM haze, baMne paraNI paNa gayAM haze.'' Ameya A kathA evI rIte AlekhAI che ke jANe praNayaraMgI philmakathAnuM eka pachI eka dRzya pasAra thatuM na hoya ! 'eka prAmANika puruSano prema' navalikAmAM lekhake pagiyo sAmanuM yAdagAra citra Ape che. 1 120 ] * brAMDavenI sRSTi * "have e oLakhAya. pahoLA pagiyo sAma, pahaubA pagiyo - kAraNa, paganI baMne pAnIe bho rahe tyAre eka horijhonTala jamaNI dizAmAM ane bIjI horijhonTala DAbI dizAmAM - baMne 150 DigrImAM nahi, deza daza choDI do, eTalo 150 DigrIno bukso paDe, 130 DigrIno ke evo lagabhaga, paNa ApaNI kathAmAM enA A khuNA sAthe ApaNane khapa nahi paDe. sAma, prAmANika, paisA Ape, apAve. le emAM tArIkhavArano pharaka nahi, koI pAse daza hajAra DaoNlara paNa laI Ave. enI tArIkha pramANe e pahoMcADe, enA oLakhItA badhA enI zAkha pramANe, ane A Apa-le, lenAdenAmAM enI dalAlI e kasarakhI nahi. * jyAMthI hoya, eka to mudata upara AdhAra, dhIrANanA vyAja upara AdhAra, ane vaLI jene dhIravAmAM Ave enI, AbarU para AdhAra. lAMbA gALAno A dhaMdho nahi, paNa enI ADIavaLI AMTIghUMTImAM mane bahu rasa nahi, ane mane bahu samajaNa paNa nahi. paNa nANAbajAramAM zerabajAramAM, phugArakhAnAmAM, gharUnA pIThAmAM, darA-paMdara mahinAmAsanI levaDadevaDamAM A pharatA rAmanI AbarUne, ane taDAkAmAM ene koI nahi pahoMce." A pagiyo sAme potAnI premikA horarnarsane mATe potAnI khoparI vecavA paNa taiyAra thAya che. horaneTsane cAhato DaoN* Tara e khoparI kharIdavA mAge che ane aMte horaneTsane sAcI vAtanI jANa thatAM prAmANika puruSanA premano sukhada aMta Ave che . 'DuMkha' vArtAnA AraMbhe sarjaka ja potAnI aTapaTI vArtAnI oLakha ApatAM kahe che, " khIlI, caTakIlI, rAjakAraNe rasIlI, sAmasAmA be dukAnadArone kAraNe kudaratI rIte * paselI.* yAMthI AraMbhAyelI ane Akhare aNadhArI ghaTanAmAM pariNamelI ane thoDI gammata thakIye bharelI evI, eTale aTapaTI chatAM vAMcavI game evI A ghaTanA che." kajkha'mAM rUpanI jiMdagImAM AvatI AzA-nirAzA ane nokarI gumAvavAnI ghaTanA AlekhAI che. A navalikAmAM lekhake nyUyaoNrkanA kolaMbasa skaveranuM suMdara citra ApyuM che. "duniyAmAM be mazahUra kSetro che : eka laMDananA hAiDa pArka ane bIjuM nyUyaoNrkano kolaMbasa pharvara. e kAda Tebala, khurazI ke bAMkaDo bhADe nahi to maphata paNa maLe. 121 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * ahIM e Tu jheDa - athI sa sudhI koI paNa viSaya para bhASAnA gauravanI ciMtA rAkhyA vinA, jANatA ke navA upajAvelA ziSTa ke aziSTa zaoNthI bharelAM sIdhAM ke aTapaTAM vA* yo sAthe nyAya-anyAya, aMdhera kArabhAra, sAmAjika bhedabhAva, bogasa maMDaLo, phaMDaphALAnA goTALA, dhArmika dhatiMgo, lebhAgu kaMpanIo ane vepAra, zera bajAra, keLavaNI, devaLonA vahIvaTa, rAjakAja vagere badhAMmAM vyApelI badIo ne truTIo upara, jenAmAM bolavAnI zakita hoya te tyAM * bho thaI phAve tema bolebhAMDe. mananA * bharo ThAlave ke bhalabhalA sikaMdaronI chAla utArI zake. ahIM ene kazI rokaToka nahi. AvA dasa-bAra- paMdareka aDiMgA to ahIM kAyama sAMje khoDAyA ja hoya, ene sAMbhaLanArA navarA mANasoye maLI rahe. A rojiMdA vAkuMvyApAranA vikhyAta mathaka A nyUyorkanA kolaMbasa huveramAM ApaNA A kaoNlbIzAha ane rUparTarbhayA AvI caDyA. polIsane ApaNe bhale game teTalI gALo daIe, paNa kolaMbasa kvera ane hAiDa pArka, A be dharmakSetre game teTalI gALAgALI karIe, game tevAM vAkyuddha calAvIe toye ahIM polIsa yogezvara jema zAMta. tikrodha banI, jo rAkhI hoya to muchamAM hasatA, nahi to hoTha malakAvatA sthitaprajJa citte badhI raMgata jue. jue paNa tenI noMdha na le, ane ahIM AraDatA unmAda rogIonA othAra, vamanaprakriyA vagere mATe, samAjanI A eka durasta vyavasthA che. ema mAnI tene zamavA-osaravA de. AmAM * yAMka hAthApAya jAmI jAya to vacce paDe kharA. paraMtu A be kSetromAM evI paristhiti pratye arTInA navarA-caudaziyA pUratA sajAga rahe che. eTale polIsanA aphasarone to A eka maphatanuM manoraMjana ane eka alAyadA prakAranuM zikSaNa ja maLe che." samayanI pAbaMda minie potAnA be premI kaoNlvina ane rUparTane maLavA mATenuM muhUrta ApyuM hatuM. e muhUrta je barAbara pALe ene paraNavuM. rUparTa moDo paDyo ane pagarakhAMnI dukAnethI DaMkha paDe tevAM pagarakhAM ApavAnA Aropa mATe nokarI gumAvanAro aMte joDAnA DaMkhane kAraNe vAgdattAe Apelo samaya sAcavI za yonahi. bhuTTo bharADI' ane 'artha veka' vArtA braoNDa paranA tophAnI gaThiyAnI viziSTatA samajavA mATe vAMcavA jevI che. emAM paNa 'artha* veka'mAM dharatIkaMpa 0 122 ] * brAMDavenI sRSTi * thatAM asAdhAraNa parAkrama karIne artha* veka motane bheTe che tenI vIrakathA kahevAI che. "ghaNuM jIvo rAjA'mAM bALarAjAnA pAtranuM suMdara Alekhana che. rAjAne mAravA AvelA loko bALarAjAnI jijJAsA joIne enA para phidA thaI jAya che ane hatyA karavAnuM mAMDI vALe che. akkalano iskotara Akhare pahoMce che ghera' e vArtAmAM brAMDave paranI jANItI vya ita dha breina arthAtu buddhidhana yA budhiyAnI vAta che. gaThiyA homara viMga, mitra biga niga, vakIla vAijha bargara tathA breinanI priyatamAonI vAta karI che. A vArtA eka arthamAM dha breinanuM rekhAcitra kahI zakAya. 'mIThAInA eka TukaDo' minDI resTorAMnI AsapAsa racAtI kathA che ane eka anokho lagnasamAraMbha'mAM pariNita vAlDo pharI lagna karavA koziza kare che. Deva lagnanuM Ayojana kare che. tyAre vAlDonI patnI lIlA polA AvI caDe che ane e pachInI jhaDapI ghaTanAonuM citra AlekhatA A pahelavAna malla jevI sapolA jAhera kare che : - lIlA sapolA. mAruM nAma na sAMbhaLyuM hoya to jANI lo. IsTa kosTamAM nArIdaMgala eTale strIonI kustI, ane evI bIjI ghaNI ramatomAM aneka cAMda jItanArI. mi. Deva, mArA hAthanI A vAnagI pahelAM to tame ja cAkhI lo.' ane ATaluM kahetAMmAM to Deva dhaDaDanA rasALa peTamAM eNe eka aMdha maNiyo gubbo phaTakArI dIdho. "mArA A kAyadesaranA vara vAlDone upADI lAvI A magatarI sAthe paraNAvI devAnAM kAvatarAM karo cho ? tamArA A paitarA mATe prathama to huM tamane polIsane soMpI tamArA para kAyadesara kAma calAvavA mAguM chuM. samajyA ?" ane pachI copAsa najara pheravatAM kahe, " mAM che mAro vAlDo ?' ane vAlDo para najara paDatAM, "oho !. varalADA tame ahIM cho ?" kahetI vAlDo tarapha dhasI gaI ane baMne bAvaDethI * cakI ene jANe rUno kothaLo hoya tema eka jhATake potAnI khAMdha upara aradho laTakAvI, jeTalI jhaDapathI AvI hatI tethI bevaDI jhaDape maMDapanI bahAra nIkaLI gaI. tyAM khaDI karelI gADImAM ane jhIMkI dIdho ane pote sTIyariMga vhIlanI pAchaLa goThavAI jaIne pharI hAMrnanI ramajhaTa bolAvatI, gADIne baMka karI ghaDInA chaThThA bhAgamAM susavATAbhera * paDI gaI." A pachI to bilI perI juThThA vAlDone paraNavAne badale DevanI sAthe lagna kare che. 0 123 ]

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zrI sisTarsa'nA sarjakanI kalA * zabdasamIpa * Demona raniyananI A kRtiomAM braoNDavenI duniyAnI eka chabI jovA maLe che. eno mAnavasvabhAvano talasparzI abhyAsa ane e svabhAvanA pratyeka maroDane pragaTa karatI tAdeza, vartamAnakALamAM cAlatI lekhanazailI vAcaka samakSa jiMdagInA judAM judAM pAsAMo upasAve che. citra khaDuM karavA mATe zabdo enI pAse hAthavagA che. navA zabdo ane navA samAso yojavAnI enI sUjha enI rajUAtamAM jovA maLe che. Demona reniyana jevA lekhaka nyUyaoNrkanA braoNDavenI AsapAsanI sRSTinuM talasparzI citra enI taLapadI bhASAmAM Alekhe tyAre enuM rUpAMtara e keTalo moTo paDakAra gaNAya ! paraMtu raniyana ane candravadanamAM ghaNuM sAmya che. jANe baMne samAnazIla mitro hoya tevuM A anuvAdo vAMcatA lAge che. A anuvAdomAM jema raniyanane zabdakoza kAma na lAgyo e ja rIte candravadana mahetAe paNa navA zabdo-samAso prayojIne brAMDavenI duniyAnI sAMketika, mArmika bhASA paNa barAbara upasAvI che. kathananI ta chaTA, barachaTa bhASA ane mojIlo tora asala candravadananI gaThariyAMnI yAda Ape che. citro upajAvavAmAM, navA vicitra prayogo karavAmAM A be zabdanA baMdAo vacce ghaNuM maLatApaNuM lAge. 'poTTI', 'chIcharavo', 'gajavAmyAna', "koThAM', 'aDoLaphaDoLa' (DaphoLanA arthamAM, 'ThabokiyAM' (hathiyAranA arthamAM), 'dAgIno' (mANasanA arthamAM) jevA zabdo prayojyA che. 'me bI' zabdajoDakAno vilakSaNa prayoga kare che. 'me bI aphINa, me bI hazIza, me bI enIthiMga' jevA prayogo maLe che. raniyananI vArtAono vA ye vA yano A anuvAda nathI, paNa mULa lekhakanA va* tene potAnI bhASAmAM mu tapaNe atyaMta svAbhAvika chaTAthI rajU kare che. Demona raniyana ane candravadana mahetA - baMnene vAMcavAnI vAcakane majA Ave evo dviguNita vArtArasa - sAhityarasa pIrasatI A racanAo che. nAdurasta tabiyate paNa sAkhAlIna TApu para sevA kAje janAra dAktara cekhova jeTalI ja mAnava pratyenI apAra sahAnubhUti sarjaka cekhovamAM pratIta thAya che. A kalAkAra mAnavahRdayanA tala sudhI pahoMcI, mAnavajIvanane phoTogrAphInI peThe mAtra hUbahU rajU na karatAM ene kalAtmakatAthI Alekhe che. enuM kAraNa e che ke cekhovanA rUMverUMve sarjakatA vaselI che. enI pAse sarjakamAM anivArya evuM hRdayanuM agAdha kAruNya ane saMsAranA tAre tArI sAthe ekarUpa citta che. samAjanI ekeeka vyakti ane vAtAvaraNanA ekeeka aMza sAthe samabhAva dharAvatA A sarjakane kazuM aLakhAmaNuM ke ajANyuM nathI. vicitra, behUdI, kaMTALAjanaka ane prAkRta vastune sAMgopAMga anubhavavAnI kSamatA ane sahAnubhUti ane vizvano eka virala kalAkAra banAve che. mAnava taraphanA apAra samabhAvamAM enI sAthe eka zeksapiyara yAda Ave che. cekhovanA sauthI vadhu karuNagarbha nATaka 'zrI sisTarsane AdhAre enI nATyakalAnI khUbIo pArakhIe to jaNAze ke jIvanamAMthI nATyakSama vastu khoLavAnI ke jIvananI koI viziSTa paLane ja nATyarUpa ApavAnI ene jarUra | 125 0. 0 124 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * nathI. saMkula jIvanano badho asabAba dharAvanAra A nATakakAra mATe AkhuM jIvana e ja nATaka che. ApaNI AsapAsa hAlatA-cAlatA, jhaghaDatA, icchA ne AzAo sevatA, niSphaLatA ne niHsAratA anubhavatA, kaMIka jhaMkhatA ne te meLavavA udhamAta karatA mAnavIo ane emanI behudI vartaNUka, vicitra Tevo, asaMskAritA, prAkRtatA ane asaMbaddha vAtone kazAya opa ke DoLa vinA yathAtatha te Alekhe che. ane emAMthI manohara nATyakRti UgI nIkaLe che. yathArthatAne kalAnuM jIvAtubhUta tatva ke eno prANa kahevAmAM Ave che. cekhova kazIya DImaDIma vagADyA vagara ene Alekhe che. enA jeTalI sUkSmatAthI ane spaSTatAthI jIvananI karuNatA ane nazvaratAne bhAgye ja koI nATayakAra samajI zakyo haze. madhyamavarganA jIvananI hatAzA ane karuNatAnuM eNe hRdayavidAraka citra ApyuM che. jIvananI najIvI bAbatone mahattvapUrNa kalAmAM palaTAvIne jIva ApavAnI AvaDatamAM ja enI vizeSatA che. kaMTALAjanaka ane zuSka raziyana jIvanamAM e aneka suMdara rasasthAno joI zake che. AnuM kAraNa e che ke ApaNA atyaMta sAmAnya jIvana pAchaLa chupAyelI saMkulatA ane kadaryatAnI pAchaLa rahelI karuNatAno cekhove sAhajikatAthI tAga meLavyo che. vastunI peThe vastuvikAsa paratve paNa A sarjaka koI yojanA pramANe ke pUrva-Alekhita nakazA mujaba cAlatA jaNAtA nathI. cekhovanI pahelAM TUMkI vArtAne nizcita Adi, madhya ke aMta hovA joIe ema mAnavAmAM AvatuM. cekhove Ane asvIkAra karyo ne kahyuM ke jIvanamAM AvuM nizcitapaNe kyAM kaMI hoya che ? AthI AvA koI cokaThAmAM rahyA vinA e svAbhAvika rIte ja AgaLa vadhe che. 'zrI sisTarsa 'nA cAre aMko koI nizcita AdithI AraMbhAtA ke madhya vA aMta prati gati karatA nathI. eka vAra rezamI vastromAM sajja traNa strIo rAja kAraNamAM rasa dekhADavAnA DoLathI grIka loko jItaze ke turka loko jItaze, te vize cekhovane prazno pUchavA lAgI. cekhove dhIme rahIne pUchyuM, 'mane to phaLano khImo bahu game. tamane ?" ane pachI to "moTI vAto" karavAno nakAmo boja UtarI jatAM phaLaphaLAdinA khImA vize aneka vAto cAlI. aMte traNa sannArIo sAnaMda vidAya thaI tyAre cekhove kahyuM, 'dare ke potAnI bolImAM ja vAtacIta karavI joIe.' AvI ja rIte cekhovanuM dareka pAtra potAnI lAgaNIo, bhAvanAo, vedanAo ane icchAone vaphAdAra hoya che. kyAreya te AtmavaMcanA karatuM nathI. satyanI sAthe samAdhAna karavAmAM koI mAnatuM nathI. n126 ] * "zrI sisTarsa'nA sarjakanI kalA * cekhovanAM pAtro vartamAna paristhitine tiraskAre che, paNa ibsananAM pAtronI mAphaka paristhitino sAmano karavAnI tAkAta dharAvatAM nathI. mAtra e uccatara jIvananI AkAMkSAvALAM zodhaka ke svapnazIla pAtro tatkAlIna saMjogo ne samAjanI lakSmaNarekhAmAMthI chUTavA mathAmaNa karatAM najare paDe che. pAtranA manamAM evI koI vicitratA vaselI che ke potAnI sauthI najIkanI ane sauthI priya vyaktithI ene juduM pADe che. kadAca AnuM kAraNa cekhovanI e mAnyatA paNa hoya ke mULabhUta rIte to dareka mANasa ekalo ja che, moTI saMkhyAmAM mitro dharAvanAra cekhovanI eka phariyAda che ke - "As I shall lie alone in the grave, so, indeed, do I live alone.' pAtramAnasamAM UMDo Utarato cekhova pAtranuM ghaDatara, enI copAsanI paristhiti ane bhUta tathA vartamAna sAtheno saMbaMdha eTalo spaSTa karI Ape che ke A sthitimAM A pAtra Ama ja kare ema lAge che, emAM AvatI sthAnika vigato pAtranA viziSTa dimAgane chato kare che. emanA rojiMdA jIvanamAM vyakta thatA mAnavasauMdaryane asarakAraka rIte rajU karI emanI rojabarojanI muzkelImAM ApaNane rasa letA karI mUke che. emanI asaMbaddha vAto pAchaLa eka atUTa saMvAda rahelo hoya che. A rIte veravikhera lAgatAM pAtro ane emanA saMvAdo hetu ane asaranI bAbatamAM eka mudrA UbhI kare che. 'zrI sisTarsa mAM traNa baheno jIvananI asAratAthI pIDAya che. traNenA hRdayamAM agni bhArelo che, ane chelle sudhI prazna e rahe che ke A bahenonAM jIvanamAM amRtanuM amI paDaze ke nahIM ? emanA para hRdaya cIrI nAkhe tevI ApattionI paraMparA gujarI che. jIvanamAM kazuM zeSa rahyuM nathI. AzA vinAnI ekatAnatAnA gherA dhummasamAM aTavAtAM ne athaDAtAM enAM pAtro suMdara ane uccatara jIvananI jhaMkhanA rAkhe che, paraMtu emanA kSullaka, nirarthaka ane asAra jIvana tathA manohara jIvananI AkAMkSA vaccenI khAI vaNa-purAyelI ja rahe che. emanAM manohara svapno mAnasamAM janmatAM sAthe ja mRtyu pAmavA sarjAyelAM che. dareka pAtra potapotAnI duniyAmAM ramamANa che. eka pAtra bIjA pAtrane samajavA paNa cAhatuM nathI. pAtra bhinnabhinna hovA chatAM - vAghanA taMtuo bhinnabhinna hovA chatAM - badhAmAMthI aMte sUra to eka niHsAratAno ja nIkaLe che. 0 27 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * moTI bahena olgAnA jIvanamAM prema pahoMcI zake tema nathI. premane mATe valakhAM mAravAM e ene anucita lAge che. vaceTa bahena mAzA nAnI uMmare eka zikSakane catura samajI paraNI, paNa teno bhrama bhAMgI paDe che. karuNatA to tyAM che ke eno pati kuligina enA vize vAraMvAra *I am content, content, content !' kahyA kare che, tyAre mAMzA enA pati vize 'Bored, bored, bored" kahyA kare che. mAzAno premI velzinina eka viSAdapUrNa premI che. e kahe che : "ApaNe sukhI nathI ane sukhI thaIzuM paNa nahIM. ApaNe to enI jhaMkhanA ja karavAnI che.' A viSAda kadAca vezininanA aMgata jIvanamAMthI paNa Avyo hoya. e evI patnIne paraNyo che ke jene mATe jhera khAvuM e ja ekamAtra AnaMdano viSaya che. verzininane du:kha e che ke pote potAnAM bALakone taMdurasta mAtA na ApI zakyo. umadA vicAro dharAvatA A mAnavInA jIvanamAM badhuM UNuM che. traNaso varSa pachI AvanArI jiMdagInAM sukhamaya svapnAM nihALato verzinina potAnI copAsa TukaDeTukaDA thaI jatA jIvanane joto nathI. sauthI vadhu vedanAboja sahetI irinAne jIvana kIDAe korI khAdhelA choDa samuM lAge che. ene eno vyavasAya pasaMda nathI ane cIsa pADI UThe che ke enAthI enI buddhi maMda paDatI jAya che. irinA baLe bene tujhenabAcane cAhavA jAya che, paNa cAhI zakatI nathI. mAtra mosko javAnI AzAe enI sAthe lagna karavAnI hoya che ane lagnane Agale divase tujhenabAca mATe ghAtaka nIvaDanAra dvayuddha thAya che. vaMdvayuddhamAM jatAM pahelAM irinA pAse tujhenabAca Ave che tyAre irinA kahe che : 'huM mArI jiMdagImAM kyAreya premamAM na hatI. oha ! have to premanAM svapnAM sevuM chuM. ghaNA vakhatathI rAta-divasa premanAM svapnamAM rAcuM chuM. paNa mAro AtmA, jenI cAvI khovAI gaI che evA baMdha piyAnA jevo che !' vidAyaveLAnI AvI gUMgaLAmaNabharI paristhiti cekhova ja AlekhI zake. tujhenabAca dhvaMdvayuddhamAM jatAM pahelAM irinA pAse kaoNphI pIvAnI icchA vyakta kare che, paNa enI AvI mAmUlI icchA tha saMtoSAtI nathI. irinA kahe che ke pAnakhara ja che ne ziyALo Avaze. e vasaMtanI to vAta ja karatI nathI ! A pAnakhara gAmaDAmAM nathI, jenuM badhuM AgamAM homAI gayuM che temane tyAM nathI, paraMtu e to irinAnA hRdayamAM che. maoNsko yunivarsiTInA vidvAna prophesara thavAnuM svapna sevato traNe bahenono 0 128 ] * "zrI sisTarsa'nA sarjakanI kalA * bhAI Aje jugArI banI, ghara gIre mukIne mAtra DisTrikTa-kAunsilanA sabhya banavAmAM saMtoSa mAne che. cothA aMkamAM enI bahena mAzA ene vize sAMpaDelI nirAzA darzAvatAM kahe che, 'hajAro mAnavIonA athAga yatna ane dhanane pariNAme eka ghaMTa banAvyo hoya ane te ekAeka, kazA ya kAraNa vinA paDIne cUrecUrA thaI jAya tevuM A vize banyuM che.' sATha varSano dAktara zaibhutikina nakAmA chApAmAMthI noMdha TapakAve che. A kAmamAM e enuM thoDuMghaNuM vaidaka paNa bhUlI jAya che. A bahenonI mAtAne cAhanAro zaibhutikina sauthI nAnI bahena irinA mATe paNa AvI lAgaNI dharAve che ! zaMbhutikinane to pote hAthapaga calAvato hovA chatAM jIvato hoya tema lAgatuM nathI. rUDha arthamAM khalapAtra ke kuTila pAtra cekhovanA nATaka ke navalikAmAM maLatAM nathI. paraMtu sAhaji ka pAtracitraNamAM ja kuTilatAnuM nirUpaNa maLe che. A nATakamAM natAzA e prakAranuM pAtra che. nokaro para ciDAtI tathA samAraMbhanA AnaMdano nAza karanArI A nArImAM prAkRtatA, svakendritatA ane asaMskAritA dekhAya che. projhorova kuTuMbane eka oraDAmAMthI bIjA oraDAmAM dhakelatI natAzA aMte AkhA kuTuMbane bahAra kADhI mUke che. bIjA aMkamAM potAnA bALaka bobikane sAro oraDo maLe, te mATe irinAne oNlgAnA oraDAmAM pheravavAnI yojanA kare che. lAgaNIne neve mUkIne mAtra svArthanI dRSTie tola karatI natAzA trIjA aMkamAM nakAmI thaI gayelI gharaDI nokaraDI anaphIsAne kADhI mUkavAnI vAta kare che. A ja aMkamAM nATyakAra cekhova eka anokhuM dRzya Ape che. natAzA mINabattI laIne kazuM ja bolyA vagara pasAra thaI jAya che. A samaye mAzA kahe. che : "e evI rIte jAya che ke jANe eNe ja Aga cAMpI hoya !' A vAta keTalI sUcaka che ! natAzAe gAmanAM gharomAM nahIM, paNa A projhorova kuTuMbanI nAnI malIne to lAhya lagADI ja che. chellA aMkamAM oNlgA ane anaphIsA sarakArI makAnamAM rahevA javAnI taiyArI karatAM dekhAya che. irinAne rAcaracIlAnA oraDAmAM rAkhavAmAM Ave che. potAnI sophI mATe e Andrano khaMDa badalavA cAhe che. A sophI e kadAca proTopopovanuM bALaka hovAthI AkhAya projhorova kuTuMbane hAMkI kADhavAnuM natAzAnuM kAma pUruM thAya che. nATakanA aMtamAM gharanI bahAra bagIcAmAM banne bAbAgADImAM bALakane pheravato hoya che. natAzA ghara 0 129 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * bahAranAM vRkSo ane choDIne kApI nAMkhavA cAhe che. traNa aMkonI kAryabhUmi gharamAM rAkhIne chello cotho aMka gharanI bahAra yojavAmAM cekhovanI sUkSma kalAsujha pragaTa thAya che. aMte thato natAzAno vijaya e duritano vijaya che ema svIkAravuM paDaze. A AkhAya nATakano dhvani che : "It's all the same.' potAnI AzA saphaLa na thAya, tyAre pAtro Ama kahIne mane vALI le che. AzAno jvALAmukhI para vAraMvAra paga mUkIne uThAvI letA lAge che. zaibutikina mAne che ke pote pAcho Ave to ya ThIka ane na Ave to ya ThIka. zikSaka kuligina mAne che ke mUcha hoya to ya ThIka ane na hoya to ya ThIka, mosko javAnI tIvra jhaMkhanA dharAvatI oNlgA aMte maoNsko javAnuM pasaMda karatI nathI. nATyAMte 'ApaNe jIvavuM joIe? evo AzAno sUra uccArAya che, tyAre zaibhutikina "It's all the same thI javAba vALe che. ahIM praNayanI jhaMkhanA che, paNa irinA ane tujhenabAca ene zabdomAM paNa mUkI zakatAM nathI. lagna ane milananI lezamAtra AzA vinA vikhUTAM paDavAnuM che. bhaMgAra banI jatI AzAo ane vaNachIpI lAlasAo bhAvakanA citta para viSAdanI gherI chApa pADe che. AmAM ya nATakanuM sauthI vadhu karuNa dRzya to nATakano aMta che. traNe bahenonAM jIvananI ekalatAne ochI karanArA lazkaranA mANaso gAmaDuM choDIne jaI rahyA che ane pharI emanAM jIvanamAM sarvatra riktatA vyApI rahI che. maoNskono sUryaprakAza pAmavAnI AzA vadhu ne vadhu dUra gaI che. gUgalanA avAja sAthe lazkara prayANa Adare che. tujhenabAcanA mRtyunA hRdayabhedaka samAcAra maLe che. svapnazIla verzinina kazuM karma karato nathI. karmazIla tujhenabAca haNAya che. zaibutikinane to pote jIve che ke kema te ja prazna che. oNlgA saMgItamAM jIvana jIvavAnI jhaMkhanA jue che : saheja vadhAre saMgItanI choLa UDe to ApaNe kema jIvIe chIe te samajI zakAya ? mAthAnA jIvanane kaMIka zAMti ApanAra verzinina vikhUTo paDI rahyo che ane ene pharI kuligina sAthe A karuM jIvana gALavAnuM che. e kahe che ke ApaNe jIvavuM ja joIe. jyAre irinA kahe che : 'ApaNe kAma karavuM joIe, mAtra kAma !' irinA nizALamAM zikSikA tarIke javAnI vAta kare che. paNa e sAthe ema thAya che ke zuM e ya lgAnI jema _ 130 . * "zrI sisTarsa'nA sarjakanI kalA * kaMTALI to nahIM jAya ne ? A rIte saMgItanA vilayanI sAthosAtha bahenonI AzAno vilaya thato lAge che. A bahenone mATe AvI riktatA mRtyu karatAM ochI duHkhakara nathI. kalA e koI dharmapuruSa ke karmapuruSanI peThe nahIM paNa potAnI satyamayatAthI AzvAsana Ape che. ahIM koI ekAdA gauravazALI pAtranA patananI karuNatA AlekhI nathI, paNa samagra mAnavajIvananI karuNa gAthA AlekhI che. mAtra traNa bahenonI ja TrejeDI nathI. Andra, berana tujhenabAca ane vezininanI paNa e TrejeDI gaNAya. praNayane kendramAM rAkhIne ya judI judI TrejeDI sarjAya che. tujhenabAca tatkAlIna paristhiti vize je kahe che te A TrejeDIne barAbara lAgu paDe che. e kahe che : "To-day there are no torture chambers, no executions, no invasions and yet, how much suffering ! A nATakamAM karuNatA ane vidhinI vakratA sAthosAtha AlekhAya che. ekamAtra tujhenabAca sivAya koInuM mRtyu thatuM na hovAthI nATaka rUDha arthamAM TUMje DI nathI. paNa ahIM AlekhAyeluM ekalavAyuM, asAra ane viSAdapUrNa jIvana e mRtyu karatAM ya kAramuM che. AjanAM aMbsarDa nATakonI peThe cekhova jIvanane sAva vAhiyAta hovAnuM mAnato nathI. e AzAno gokIro karato nathI, paNa jIvananI asAratA ane mRgajaLa samI AzAo batAvatAM ya dUra dUra kSitijamAM AzAno uSa:prakAza batAve che. aneka vyarthatA vacce paNa jIvana to che ja. jIvanane niHsAra mAnatI olgAne aMte jIvananA jayano Acho vijayanAda karatI bharatInA avAjo saMbhaLAya che. vaizininane traNaso varSa pachI sukhamaya bananArI duniyAnAM svapnAM Ave che, to berana tujhenabAca gAma baLI jatAM iMTavADAmAM jaIne kAma karavAnI icchA vyakta kare che. iMTavADo e navasarjananuM pratIka che. A karmazIla mAnavI dvayuddhamAM jatAM pahelAM irinAne kahe che 'mane ema lAge che ke huM marI jaIza pachI eka yA bIjI rIte jIvanamAM bhAga bhajavato rahIza.' baMne karmayoganI bhAvanA dharAve che ane te paNa bIjAne mATenA karmayoganI, tujhenabAcanA karmayogano pavitra nyAsa irinAmAM saMkrAnta ni 131 ]

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* zabdasamIpa thAya che. irinAne jIvavAnuM preraka kAraNa maLI rahe che. nATakane aMte e kAma karavA mAge che ane te paNa jarUriyAtavALA mATe. A avAja khokharA AzAvAdano nathI. mAnavIne AdhAra ApanArI badhI bAbato tUTI paDe, to jIvanano taMtu mAnavInI cetanA sAthe atUTapaNe gUMthAyelo rahe, tyAre e mAnavI hArI khAto nathI. cekhove ja kahyuM che - 'My holy of holies are the human body, health, intelligence, talent, inspiration, love and the most absolute freedom-freedom from despotism and lies.' jiMdagInI nirAzA ane ribAmaNano anubhava karatI A traNe baheno 'ApaNI pachI AvanArA'nA sukhane icche che. A samaya daramiyAna teoe mAtra kAma ja karavAnuM che. bIjuM kazuM ya nahIM ne kAma ! kazI ya AzA vinA kAma ! emano Avo prayatna eTale ja jIvana. mAtra ATalA ja AzAvAdane kAraNe A nATakane maryAdita arthamAM TraeNjI-kaoNmeDI kahI zakAya. Avo AzAno camakAro nATakanA viSAdamaya vAtAvaraNamAM kSaNavAra ja camakI jato lAge che. vaLI karuNanI asara vadhAre gADha e mATe bane che ke ahIM jhaLAMhaLAM vyaktitvono AzAbhaMga thato nathI, paNa sAmAnya mAnavIonI sAmAnya icchAono nAza thAya che. cekhovanI kharI khUbI vAtAvaraNa khaDuM karavAmAM che. AzA ane nirAzA, AMsu ane AnaMda evI vividha chAyAo nATakamAM vArevAre AvyA kare che. pariNAme aMte eka vAtAvaraNa vAcakanA mana para chavAI rahe che. bAkInuM kAma enI gaMbhIra mAnavatA ane kAvyamayatA pUruM karI de che. jIvananI vedanA e sUcano ane hakIkatothI batAve che. jIvananI nAnI nAnI vastu ane sAmAnya ghaTanA parathI nATaka racato cekhova nATakanA plot dATI deto lAge che. ahIM sthULa kAryano mahimA nathI. bhayaMkara kRtyo ane lAgaNIonI parAkASThA takhtAnI bahAra ke aMkonI vacce banI jAya che. A nATakamAM Aga ane tujhenabAcanuM mRtyu e be akasmAta Ave che. paNa zuM vAstava-jIvanamAM AvA akasmAta banatA nathI ? vadhu to AvA akasmAtathI nATakanA kAryane dhakko mAravAmAM Avato nathI. AgathI A traNe bahenone kazuM bhautika nukasAna thatuM nathI. 7132] * 'zrI sisTarsa'nA sarjakanI kalA AganuM vizeSa to pratIka lekhe mahattva che; jyAre tujhenabAcanuM mRtyu takhtA para batAvavAmAM AvatuM nathI. mAtra enA samAcAra ja maLe che. vaLI AvA dvaMdvayuddhanA banAvo e vakhate banatA hatA. [mahAna raziyana kavi puzkina AvA ja eka dvaMdvayuddhamAM mAryo gayo hato.] nATakanA agatyanA banAvone chupAvavAnI cekhovanI kaLA anerI che. meloDrAmeTika krAisisane A rIte nivArIne e AMtarika mathAmaNanuM satata nirUpaNa karato jAya che. sAmAnya nATakakAra to natAzAne khalapAtra banAvIne AndrenA jIvananI TrejeDI nirUpata ! Ama A nATaka meloDrAmA bane tevI pUrI zakyatA che, chatAM kyAMya meloDrAmA banatuM nathI. AnuM kAraNa e ke cekhova AMtarakAryanuM gaurava kare che. zeksapiyara kyAreka bolakaNo lAge che, jyAre cekhova eTalo bolo nathI. e zabdo, dhvani, sAmAnya vigato, pratIka, paristhiti ane vAtAvaraNanI sahAya vaDe ghaNuM pragaTa kare che. e paristhiti para koI vivecana Apato nathI. pAtro vaDe paristhiti jAte ja potAnA para vivecana kare evI racanA kare che. Adhunika nATakonA sthApaka ibsananI mAphaka cekhova enI nATyakRtiomAM pratIkono bahoLo upayoga kare che. je sarjakane pUrepUro AtmavizvAsa hoya ane te sAthe pote mUkelI vAtane vAcaka samajI zakaze evo AtmavizvAsa hoya teo ja Ano samartha rIte upayoga karI zake che. cekhove 'zrI sisTarsa' lakhyuM tyAre e rogathI pIDAto krimiyAmAM vasato hato. raziyanone maoNskonuM aneruM AkarSaNa hoya che. cekhovanA 'dha leDI vitha dha DAMgamAM maoNskonA AkarSaNanI ane 'vAnyA'mAM vAnyAnI vatana javAnI niSphaLa gayelI AzAnI vAta che. A nATakamAM traNa baheno koI paNa rIte maoNsko javA cAhe che. irinA eka sthaLe kahe che : 'ahIMnuM ghara vecI, badhI bAbatono aMta ANI maoNsko javuM che.' ahIM maoNskonA pratIka dvArA eka saMskArI samAjamAM javAnI bhAvanA vyakta thAya che. potAnI bAlyAvasthAno e pradeza, agiyAra varSa pahelAM choDeluM e maoNsko A baheno mATe gumAveluM svarga-Lost Paradise- che. paraMtu nATakane aMte to bahenonI maoNsko pahoMcavAnI AzA vadhu jhAMkhI bane che." *. I. sa. 1941nI ekavIsamI jUne cekhovanuM A nATaka 'maoNsko ArTa thiyeTaramAM bhajavAyuM, bIje ja divase hiTalare raziyA para AkramaNa karyuM. ene paNa traNa bahenonI peThe maoNsko pahoMcavAnuM agharuM ja lAgyuM ! * ] 133]

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* "zrI sisTarsa'nA sarjakanI kalA * lAge che. vartamAnane ke vAstavane mopAsAM ke phlaoNberanI mAphaka buddhithI rajU na karatAM sIdhuM hRdayamAMthI Alekhe che. A nATako koI prAdezika jIvananI kathanI che kharAM, paNa aMte to koI pradezanI viziSTa ke AgavI nahi paNa "mAnava'nI vAta kare che. cekhovanI vizeSane vizvajanIna tattvothI bharI devAnI khUbI ja anokhI * zabdasamIpa * traNe bahenonI saMskAritA A gAmaDAmAM sukAya che. emanuM jJAna ajAgalastana jevuM nakAmuM banI jAya che. gAmaDuM e mAnavane prANI banAvI detI asaronuM pratIka che. Andra tenuM bhayaMkara varNana Ape che. zaibutikina eno namUno che. e potAnuM vaidika vIsarI jAya che ane ene potAnA astitva vize zaMkA jAge che. saMskAritAno upAsaka cekhova gAmaDAnA nirUpaNathI ane natAzAnA pAtrathI asaMskAritA khullI pADe che. AnI sAme mosko e ukhAM, sughaDatA, saMskAritA ane saMvedanazIlatAnuM pratIka banI rahe che. nATakamAM Avato Agano prasaMga cekhovanI samartha pratIkazaktinuM jvalaMta udAharaNa banI rahe che. AganI cetavaNInI ghaMTaDI oNlgAnA jIvanamAM ane AkhA projhorAva kuTuMbanA jIvanamAM lAganArI AganuM pratIka banI rahe che. eka Aga dUra lAgI che ane bIjI Aga A bahenonA gharamAM ane hRdayamAM lAgI che, jemAM emanI badhI AzAo homAI jAya che. A veLA natAzA enAM be bALakone mUkI proToporova sAthe slAva gADImAM pharavA nIkaLe che. ahIM AndranA jIvanamAM lAgelI AganuM sUcana maLe che. Aga jevuM ja bIjuM pratIka che saMgItanuM. saMgIta saheja vadhu cAle to A jIvananuM rahasya samajAya. jIvananuM rahasya sauMdaryAnubhavathI pamAya che, ema sarjaka sUcavato hoya tema lAge che. eka bAju bahenonI hRdayavidAraka vedanA ane bIjI bAju ullAsapUrvaka jatA lazkaranA gUgalanA avAjo A be virodhI bAbato vAtAvaraNane khubIthI khaDuM karI de che. eka evo prazna uThAvavAmAM Ave che ke kalAkAra cekhova raziyAmAM ja janmI zake, bIje kyAMya nahIM. AnuM eka kAraNa ene jovA maLelo krAMti pahelAMno ALasu ane kacaDAyelo samAja che. bIjuM ene maLelI raziyAnA vAstavavAdI lekhakonI praNAlikA che. cekhovanI kRtimAM kazuM bIjI rIte athavA hoya tenAthI ghero raMga pUrIne rajU karavAmAM AvatuM nathI. badhuM taMtotaMta satyamayatAthI AlekhAyuM che. kaTutA vinA, koI vAdanA TekA vinA ane lAgaNIveDAmAM sarI gayA vinA jevuM che tevuM jIvana Alekhe jAya che. uccAzayanI moTI moTI vAto karavAnuM ene pasaMda nathI. ene potAne asatya sAme dhikkAra hovAthI khoTI zA ke bhavya svapnAMo sevato nathI. vAstavane neve mUkanArA Adarzo Apato nathI; e to vAstavane AlekhatAM enI ja AlocanA karI vidrohanI vAta karato 1 134 ] eNrisToTala nAyaka udAtta hovAnI vAta kare che, paNa ahIM nATakano nAyaka che koNa ? Andra e madhyavartI pAtra che, paNa unheroic che. e eTalo pAmara ane niSkriya che ke ene nAyaka gaNI zakAya ema nathI. to zuM traNa baheno nAyaka che ? eka to nAyaka nArI hoya nahIM ane vaLI emAM paNa traNa nArI ! kharekhara to cekhove takhtA para ekacakI ANa vartAvatA pAtrane khaseDIne mAnavasamUhanI samagra asara UbhI karI. A pAtromAM ibsananI mAphaka nATakanA prAraMbha pahelAM ke bhUtakALamAM koI Trejika doSa hovAnuM paNa batAvAyuM nathI. pAtro kazAya doSa vinA jIvana parathI kAbU gumAve che. A pAtrono paraspara saMbaMdha spaSTa hovAthI element of surprise jatuM rahe che. nATeka pAtrano koI kAryane vikasAvatuM nathI, mAtra eno gahana abhyAsa karIne emanA saMbaMdhane vadhu UMDANathI Alekhe che. pariNAme pAtro bahAra niSkriya dekhAya, paNa badhAM saMkula AMtarika sakriyatAthI bharelAM che. A nATakamAM koI pAtra nAyakapade birAje tema nathI. kadAca vAtAvaraNane pradhAne mAnIe to nATakanA nAyakanuM pada viSAdane ApI zakAya kharuM ! cekhovanA nATakanuM vastu ke viSaya jUja lITImAM kahI zakAya. AthI 'zrI sisTarsane kuzaLatAthI bhajavanAra "maoNsko ArTa thiyeTaranA kalAkArone prAraMbhamAM A saMpUrNa nATaka karatAM nATakanI rUparekhA che" ema lAgyuM hatuM. anya nATakamAMthI koI prasaMga kADhI laIe to enI AkhI imArata kaDaDabhUsa karatI tuTI paDe. ahIM koI paNa prasaMga kADhI nAkhIe to ya kazo taphAvata paDato nathI. Agano prasaMga kADhI nAkhIye tema chatAM nATakanI AkhI vastu imArata tUTI paDatI nathI. Aga e vAstavikatAnA eka aMza rUpe AvelI che. jiMdagInA bahAra verAyelA AvA TukaDA nIce eka AMtarika ekatA vahe che. bhAvakane enI saMkalanA mATe sakriya kArya karavAnuM rahe che. banAvonA bhUkhyA ane kAryanI dhamAla cAhanArA 0 13pa 1

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rAjA" |kiMga oNpha dha DArka caeNmbara * zabdasamIpa * prekSakane ahIM nirAza thavuM ja paDaze. cekhova takhtA para koI ja vastu "mAunTa' karIne mUkato nathI. enAM nATakone saraLatAthI rajU karanAra adAkAra ane digdarzaka eNnistAvaskI A vize kahe che : "nATyakRtimAM cekhove AMtarika ane bAhya baMne satya vize pUrNa prabhutva meLaveluM che. A suMdara, kalAtmaka, buddhigrAhya satya AlekhIne teNe raMgabhUminA AMtarika ane bAhya DoLane toDI nAkhyo. e ApaNI sauthI gADha prakRtine oLakhe che. e ApaNA hRdayanA sauthI vadhu gupta khUNAne sparze che. cekhovanA nATakane bhajavavAno DoLa karavA prayatna kare che te bhUla kare che. dare ke enA nATakanA bhAgarUpa banI javuM joIe. emAM ekarUpa banavuM joIe, rudhirAbhisaraNamAM bane che tema sUkSma kaLA ane chupAyelA bhAvane anusaravuM joIe."* cekhovanI raMgabhUmi e enuM AgavuM kalAsarjana hatuM. enA "sI-gala' nATakamAM sorinane javAba ApatAM trepalipha kahe che, 'Let us have new forms, or else nothing at all. iskilasa, sophoklIsa, zeksapiyara, moliyera, zilara ane ibsananI peThe kalAkAra cekhova potAnI viziSTa chApavALI raMgabhUmi race che. eNe raziyAnA realistic dramamAM gatizIlatA ANI. raMgabhUmine nATakI tattvathI mukta (detheatralise) karavA badhuM ja karyuM ! uzkerATabharI nATyAtmaka paristhitithI aLago rahyo. emAMnuM badhuM 'bhavya' dUra karyuM. kRtrimatAno tyAga karyo. nATakane vilakSaNa rIte vyaMjanApUrNa banAvyuM. enA AMtarika kAryane samajavA mATe bhAvake nATakanI sapATI bhedIne nIce najara karavAnI rahe che. cekhove thoDAM nATako racyAM hovA chatAM A kalAsvarUpamAM mAnava-AtmAnI abhivyaktinI navI zakyatAo pragaTAvIne nATyasAhityamAM AgavuM sthAna meLavyuM che. kavivara ravIndranAtha ThAkure emanAM vicAra, bhAvanA, anubhava ane ethI ya vizeSa philasUphInA nUtana vizvane nATakanA kalAsvarUpamAM AkArabaddha karavA prayatna karyo.. takhtAne gAjato rAkhe tevA nATyavastuvALI athavA pratApI pAtronAM karuNa-bhavya cittaghamasANane nirUpatI pazcimanAM nATakonI asaravALI baMgALI raMgabhUmi para ravIndranAthanI pratibhA sAva navI ja dizAmAM prayANa Adare che. emaNe prekSakagaNane rIjhavavA nATakonI racanA karI nahIM, paNa AvAM nATakothI rijhAya evo sajja prekSakavarga taiyAra karyo. A nATaka bhajavanArane paNa ravIndranAthanI philasUphI temaja saMgIta, nRtya ane anya kalAomAMthI emane sAMpaDelI preraNA pArakhavAnI anivArya jarUra rahe che, saraLa vyaktitvamAM vahetA gahana arthane samajavo paDe che. vIsa varSanI vaye ravIndranAthe 'vAlmIki-pratibhA'no oNperA lakhyo. thoDA mahinA pachI "rudra caMDa' nAmanuM moTA phalakavALuM nATaka racyuM ane e pachI jIvananA aMta lagI nATyalekhana ane bhajavaNI te karatA rahyA. cALIsathI paNa vadhAre 'Chekhov Plays', Tr. Elastaveta Fen. 0 136 ] In 137 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * nATako lakhanAra ravIndranAthanAM badhAM nATako 'nATaka'nI pracalita vibhAvanAmAM besatAM nathI; Ama chatAM A badhAM vaividhya ane guNavattAnI dRSTie ravIndranAtha ThAkurane eka agraNI nATyakAra Therave tevAM che kharAM. kavivare potAnI jIvana-philasUphI rUpakAtmaka nATakanA ghATamAM utArI che. A prakAranAM nATako lakhanAra koI purogAmI, sAhityajagatamAM zodhyo jaDato nathI. ravIndranAthanAM rUpakAtmaka nATakomAM 'rAjA ' e atyaMta sUkSma ane eTaluM ja AkarSaka nATaka che. 'kuzajAtaka' nAmanA bauddha jAtakanI kathA-mATImAMthI ravIndranAthe manorama vastu-mUrti ghaDI che; eka sAmAnya kathAne gUDha, AdhyAtmika dhvani dharAvatI, sugrathita kathAmAM palaTI nAkhI che. 'rAjA'nA kathAvastu sAthe, 2-2 de l 'The Confessions', Stre-ul 'The Vita Nuova', viliyama blekanA 'The Marriage of Heaven and Hell' athavA phrAMsisa thaoNpsananA 'The flound of leaven' sAthe thoDuM sAmya che, paNa 'rAjA'nA kathAvastu para e keno kazo prabhAva nathI. kavivaranAM A prakAranAM nATakonI meTaralikanAM static theatrenA khyAlane vyakta karatAM pratIkAtmaka nATakonI sAthe sarakhAmaNI karavAmAM Ave che. khuda ravIndranAthe paNa A nATyasarjakanI asara taLe A nATako racAyAnI vAta karI che. 'rAjA' ane 'DAkaghara' karatAM ravIndranAthanAM bIjAM nATako meTaralikanI vadhu najIka lAge che. paraMtu meTaraliMkamAM nATyavastu e mAtra vicAranI bhUmikA upara rahe che; jyAre ravIndranAtha ThAkura nATyavastune vicAranI sAthosAtha kriyAnI bhUmikA para - dynamic level para - lAvIne mUke che. meTaralike prayojeluM rUpaka ghaNI vAra koI saMvedanazIla bALakanA taraMga jevuM lAge che temaja eNe AlekheluM rahasya kRtimAMthI svayaMbhUpaNe pragaTa thatuM nathI, jyAre ravIndranAthanuM nATaka vAstavika jIvana sAthe gADha anusaMdhAna dharAve che. kavino eka paga dharatI para che ane ethI ja philosophical abstractionne vAstavika jIvana sAthe teo sAMdhI de che. 'rAjA'mAM dharatI ane svarga joDAya che. kAlidAse 'zAkuMtala'mAM judI rIte ane vadhu kalAtmakatAthI dharatI ane svarganuM milana sAdhyuM che. 0 138 ] * rAjA [kiMga oNpha dha DArka caeNmbara] * ravIndranAtha ThAkuranAM nATakomAM emanI 'jIvanadevatA' vizenI philasUphInuM ja praphullana jovA maLe che.* kavivaranI satyanA AviSkAranI paddhati apUrva che, teTalI ja sahaja ane manohara paNa che. kavitAnI kamanIyatA ane prakRtidarzanano akhUTa asabAba emanA A sarjanamAM savizeSa pratIta thAya che. AtmA-paramAtmA ke mAnava-IzvaranA gUDha ane amUrta saMbaMdhane lagatI gaMbhIra paryuSaNA prema, milana, yauvana ke iMdriyAnaMda jevI ullAsasabhara mAnavIya lAgaNIonA saMpuTamAM goThavAIne Ave che. ajavALAmAM potAnA svAmInA rUpane nIrakhavAnI AturatA ('rAjA') athavA to bArIethI jagatane jotA bALaka'DAkaghara ')nI sAhajikasAmAnya vAtamAM kavi gUDha rahasyane chupAvI daI zake che, kavinI vizeSatA e che ke AmAMnA koI eka pAtrane potAnA darzananuM vAhana banAvyA vagara nATakanA UghaDavA ane khIlavAnI sAthe-divasanI sAthe sUrya prakAzanI jema-pAtrone sahajapaNe pragaTa karatA rahe che. 'rAjA' nATakanA mukhya pAtra rAjAnuM atyaMta saMkula ane rUpakAtmaka pAtra samajavA mATe ravIndranAthanI philasUphI samajavI jarUrI banaze. ravIndranAthe baMgALanA madhyakALanA vaiSNava UrmikavionI kavitAnuM A kaMTha pAna karyuM hatuM. e madhura ane samarpaNanI bhAvanA dharAvatAM gItomAM vyakta thayelA vaiSNava matanI sAthe ravIndranAthanI zivanI kalpanA bhaLe che. vaiSNavo kRSNane kahyuM che tema ravIndranAtha vairAgI zivane gopALa mAne che. kALanA DaMkha samA divasonAM ToLAMne hAMkanAra A mahAkAla komaLamAM komaLa che ane kaThoramAM kaThora paNa che. e * 'mArAM sArAM-narasAM, anukUla-pratikUla upakaraNathI jIvanane raye ja nAra e kavine ja meM mArA kAvyamAM 'jI vanadevatA' nAma ApyuM che. e mAtra mArA ahaM jIvananA samasta khaMDone e katA arpIne vizvanI sAthe enuM sAmaMjasya sthApI Ape che eTaluM ja nathI; huM jANuM chuM ke anAdi kALathI anekavidha vistRta avasthAmAM thaIne eNe mArI A vartamAna abhivyakti sudhI mane lAvI mUkyo che - e vizvamAM thaIne vahetI astitvanI dhArAnI bRhat smRti enuM avalaMbana laIne. mArAthI agocare, mArAmAM rahI che. tethI ja jagatanAM tarulatA pazu-pakSI sAthe huM eka prakAranuM purAtana aikya anubhavI zakuM chuM. tethI ja to ATaluM moTuM rahasyamaya virATa jagata mane anAtmIya ke bhISaNa lAgatuM nathI.' - ravIndranAtha ThAkura 139 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * mahAkAla ke zAzvata tattva mAtra madhura nathI, karAla paNa che. emanAM kAvyomAM Izvara vizenA A ja bhAvanuM guMjana TheraThera jovA maLe che - 'eka hIte Ara kRpALu Ache Are eka hIte hAra. o je bhege che tore dvAra." *enA eka hAthamAM talavAra che ne bIjA hAthamAM hAra che. eNe tAruM bAraNuM bhAMgI nAkhyuM che.' AthI aMdhArA oraDAnA rAjAnA dhvajamAM padmaphUlanI vacce va AlekhAyuM che. jIvane mATe A ziva rAjA aMdhArA oraDAmAM saMtADelo che. e badhe ja che, chatAM je ene pArakhI zakatA nathI enA mATe kyAMya nathI. A vizvano rAjA daSTigocara thato nathI, ema sAcI zraddhA dharAvanAra mATe e dRSTi-atIta paNa nathI. jagatanA aNue aNumAM eno aNasAra che, paNa je carmacakSuthI ene pakhavAnI icchA rAkhe che tene pAra vinAnI vibhrAMti ane viDaMbanAmAMthI pasAra thavuM paDe che. je narI AMkhe" jovAnI bAbata na hatI ene narI AMkhe jovA jatAM rANI sudarzanAe aparaMpAra Apattio UbhI karI. paramAtmAnA apAra aizvaryane 'hupada" rAkhIne mAnavI pAmI zakato nathI. jyAre e zarata tanmathI "mavet - zara jema lakSyamAM bilakula lIna thaI jAya tema paramAtmAmAM lIna bane che ke ApoApa paramAtmAnA aDhaLaka sauMdaryanI pratIti kare che. rANI sudarzanAne aMdhArA oraDAmAM maLatA rAjAnA je rUpane jovAnI utkaTa kAmanA che te koI batAvatuM nathI. sahu koI adRzya rahelA rAjAnI vibhUti vize ahobhAva pragaTa kare che. rANI sudarzanA aMdhArA oraDAnI sevikA dAsI suraMgamAne potAnA rAjAnA rUpa vize pUche che, to suraMgamAM kahe che. "jyAre bApanI pAsethI vachoDIne mane temanI pAse laI gayA tyAre mane kevA bhayAnaka lAgyA hatA ! mAruM AkhuM mana evuM vimukha thaI gayuM ke ADI najare paNa temanA tarapha jovAnuM mana thatuM nahIM. tyAra pachI atyAre evuM thayuM che ke jyAre savAranA pahoramAM temane praNAma karuM chuM tyAre temanA paga taLenI bhoMya tarapha ja joI rahuM chuM, ane manamAM thAya che ke mAre ATaluM basa che, mArI AMkha sArthaka thaI gaI. je rANI sudarzanAe enI mAtAne pUchyuM, to e kahe ke jozIoe kahyuM che ke e advitIya che, paNa ghUmaTAmAMthI emane barAbara jovA ja pAmI nathI. pachI rAjAnA rUpa vize zuM kahI zake ? 0 140 ] * rAjA kiMga oNpha dha DArka caeNmbara * sAmAnya nArInI jema ja zaMkA, roSa, AnaMda, Avega ke ullAsa dharAvatI rANI sudarzanAnI jijJAsA vadhu utkaTa bane che. potAnA rAjAnA rUpa vize keTalIya chAnI-chAnI madhura kalpanAo teNe ghaDI kADhI che. A kalpanA UrmikavinuM hRdaya pragaTa kare che. sAthe je manamAM eka che, paNa bahAra asaMkhyarUpe anubhavAya che tevA rAjAnA aspRzya ane apAra rUpano paNa khyAla Ape che. rANI sudarzanA rAjAnA rUpa vize kahe che 'e kaMI eka prakAranuM rUpa nathI ! navavarSAnA divasomAM jalabharyA madhathI AkAzane chevADe vananI rekhA jyAre nibiDa banI jAya che, tyAre huM beThI beThI manamAM vicAra karuM chuM ke mArA rAjAnuM rUpa kadAca AvuM haze-AvuM jhUkI AveluM, AvuM DhAMkI denAruM, AvuM AMkha ThAranAruM, AvuM hradaya bharanAruM, AMkhanuM popacuM AvuM ja chAyAmaya, mukhanuM hAsya AvuM ja gaMbhIratAmAM DUbeluM. vaLI, zaradaRtumAM AkAzano paDado jyAre dUra UDIne cAlyo jAya che tyAre ema thAya che ke tame snAna karIne tamAre zephAlivanane mArge thaIne jaI rahyA cho, tamArA gaLAmAM kuMda phUlanI mALA che, tamArI chAtI upara zveta caMdananI chApa che, tamAre mAthe bArIka sapheda vastrono pheMTo che, tamArI AMkhanI dRSTi digaMta upara jaDAyelI che tyAre mane ema thAya che ke tame mArA pathika mitra cho.... ane vasaMtaRtu mAM jyAre A AkhuM vana raMge raMge raMgAyuM che tyAre atyAre huM tamane jouM chuM to kAne kuMDaLa, hAthe aMgada, zarIre vAsaMtI raMganuM uttarIya, hAthamAM azokanI maMjarI, tAre tAne tamArI vINAnA badhA sonAnA tAro jhaNajhaNI UThazA che.' paNa rANIne A vividha ane suMdara rUpo karatAM potAnA rAjAnA ramaNIya dehane nIrakhavAnuM kutUhala che. nirAkAra Izvara carmacakSuthI jovAya kevI rIte ? dAsI suraMgamAM yogya ja kahe che ke tame jovAnI AturatA choDI dezo eTale tarata rAjA dekhAze. paNa rANInI jijJAsA adamya hatI. e to kutuhala zamAvyuM ja chUTako kare tema hatI. Akhare rANIne rAjAnuM rUpa jovA maLe che. Aga vakhate rU5-ghelI rANI rAjAnuM bihAmaNuM kALuM rUpa joIne kaMpI UThe che. rAjAne tajIne e pitRgRhe cAlI jAya che. sudarzanAnA pitA pratiSThAbhraSTa putrIne svIkAravA taiyAra nathI.. patikulano saMbaMdha choDIne AvelI sudarzanAnA hAtha mATe kAMcI, kaliMga, vidarbha, 1 141 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * kozala vagere dezanA rAjAo Ave che. A samaye rAjA enI khabara levA ya AvatA nathI. sudarzanA enI dAsI suraMgamAne enA rAjAnI kaThoratA vize kaThora zabdomAM saMbhaLAve che. vipattine samaye pArthiva rAjAonI mAphaka ene sadehe bacAvavA nahIM AvanAra rAjA vizenI enI zraddhA DagI jAya che. chevaTe bIjA rAjAone harAvIne cAlyA janArA A rAjAne sudarzanA 'vIratvano DoLa karanAra' kahe che. azraddhAthI bharelI rANInuM mAnasa kasoTImAM tavAIne parivartana pAme che. sudarzanAno AtmA zAzvata sauMdaryane 'najare " nIrakhavA mATe nahIM, paNa ene pAmavA, mANavA ke emAM lIna thavA mATe kAMcanazuddhinI prakriyAmAMthI pasAra thAya che. yAtanA ane paritApane pariNAme ja zAzvata sauMdarya pamAya che. kALAza joIne DaranArI sudarzanAne kALAzanA rUpanI khabara paDe che. rAjAnI vATa jotAM jotAM mRtyune bheTavA taiyAra thayelI sudarzanA kahe che- 'bhale mRtyu AvatuM, AvavA do - te tamArA jevuM ja kALuM che, tamArA jevuM ja suMdara che, tamArI peThe ja tene paNa mana harI letAM AvaDe che. te tame ja cho, tame ja cho.' suvarNanA banAvaTI rUpano khyAla AvatAM sudarzanA enI AMkhe bAjhelI rUpanI kALapa rAjAnA kALA rUpamAM DubADIne dhovA cAhe che. enuM 'huM " marI jAya che. rANIno mahimA enA manamAMthI sarI jAya che. e dAsI pAse AzIrvAda mAge che ane have icche che - * rAjA kukiMga opha dha DArka caeNmbara) * mahimA agAu keTalI ya vAra gAtI hatI te - choDAvIne dAsIno pozAka paherAvI haLavI phUla jevI banAvI te mATe rAjA tarapha kRtajJatA vyakta kare che. have to e anubhave che - 'Ami tomAra premera patnI ei to AmAra mAna.' 'huM tamArI premapAtra patnI chuM, e ja mAruM mAna che." garvanuM AvaraNa dUra thatAM sudarzanAnuM Aja lagI DhAMkyuM raheluM anokhuM rUpa pragaTa thAya che. rAjAne e sAce rUpe oLakhe che. sudarzanA kahe che'sudarzanA : mArA pramodavanamAM, mArA rANInA khaMDamAM meM tamane jovAnI IcchA karI hatI eTale ja tame mane AvA virUpa lAgyA hatA tyAM tamArA dAsano adhama dAsa paNa tamArA karatAM AMkhane vadhAre suMdara lAge che. tamane e rIte jovAnI icchA have lagAre rahI nathI, tame suMdara nathI, prabhu, suMdara nathI; anupama cho. have jIvAtmA ane paramAtmA nokhA rahyA nathI, mAnava khAtmA ane zAzvata para mAtmAnuM milana 2cAyuM che ane te ya kevuM bhavya milana ! rAjA : tArAmAM ja mArI upamA rahelI che. sudarzanA : jo hoya to te paNa anupama che. mArAmAM tamAro prema che, te premamAM ja tamArI chAyA paDe che, temAM ja tame tamAruM potAnuM rUpa pote jovA pAmo cho. emAM mAruM kazuM nathI, e tamAruM ja che. rAjA : Aje A aMdhArA oraDAnAM dvAra tadana kholI nAkhuM chuM. ahIMnI lIlA pUrI thaI. khAva, have mArI sAthe khAva, bahAra cAla - prakAzamAM. sudarzanA : jatA pahelAM mArA aMdhakAranA prabhune, mArA niSpharane, mArA bhayAnakane praNAma karI lauM.' A milana aMdhArA oraDAmAM ja thAya che. mAnavaAtmA enA aMtarAtmAmAM ja -aMdhArA oraDAmAM - Izvarane pekhI zake che, pAmI zake che. aMdhAro oraDo ane enA prabhunuM kALuM sauMdarya mAtra jIvanarahasya ja gopavIne beThuM nathI. A 0 143 ] 'pelA aMdhArA oraDAmAMnI icachA-jovAnI nahIM, nIra khavAnI nahIM, mAtra gaMbhIramAM potAne choDI devAnI icchA ! suraMgamA, tuM evo AzIrvAda Apa jethI...' rAjAnI rAha jotI sudarzanA AkhI rAta bArI pAsenI dhULamAM ALoTatI ALoTatI 2DI. madane ogALI nAkhatA vINAnA sUrane sAMbhaLI rANI vicAre che ke je niSphara hoya enA kaThora hAthe Avo kAlAvAlAbharyo svara vAge kharo ? rANI rathamAM besIne rAjA pAse pAchI pharavA mAgatI nathI. je mArge thaIne rAjAthI dUra AvI te mArganI badhI dhULa pote khuMdI vaLaze tyAre ja potAnuM prayANa sArthaka gaNAze, ema ene lAge che. potAne rANIno pozAka - jeno 142 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * aMdhakAra pAse to vara-vadhUnA milanane yogya bhUmikA racavAnuM sAmarthya che. yAtanA ane paritApa anubhavIne pArthiva maryAdAone pAra karI gayelo sudarzanAno mAnavaAtmA prabhumilana - IzvarasvarUpa pAme che. A nibiDa aMdhakAramAM IzvaranI hAjarI 'narI AMkhe' nihALAtI nathI, paNa anubhavAya che. vAjAM, ghoMghATa, ADaMbara, mahimA, dhAmadhUma ke dhULa uDADatI savArI vinAno A rAjA hRdayanI UMDI guhAmAM ja pAmI zakAya. yamevava vRttute tena namya: - e kahenAra upaniSadanA RSinI ja vAta eka rIte ravIndranAthe karI nathI ? vaLI ravIndranAtha ThAkura mAne che ke prakAza ane aMdhakAra, 2maNIya ane bhayAvaha vacce mULagata virodha nathI. A badhAM gatizIla jIvanamAM pragaTatI vividha sUrAvalio jevAM che. AvuM virodhI dekhAtAM tattvomAM eka sanAtana saMvAda vahI rahyo che. milana thayA pachI khuda rAjA - Izvara - ja, aMdhArA oraDAnI lIlA pUrI thaI, ema kahIne rANIne potAnI sAthe bahAra prakAzamAM laI jAya che. duniyAmAM to ajavALuM che, paraMtu jyAM sudhI hRdayamAM prakAza thato nathI tyAM sudhI duniyAnuM ajavALuM dekhAtuM nathI. A bhAvanAnA manohara paDaghA ApaNA kavi raNachoDanA eka bhajanamAM anubhavAya che-- jaDI kUMcI ne UpaDyu tALu thayuM. bhomaMDaLamAM ajavALu re, dilamAM dIvo karo, re dIvo karo.' iMdriyagrAhya sauMdarya ane AtmasauMdarya e sAva nokhI bAbato che. iMdriyagrAhya sauMdaryanuM pratIka daMbhI suvarNamAM jovA maLe che. A rAjyamAM koI rAjA nathI, mATe suvarNa rAjaveza dhAraNa kare che. paraMtu rAjavezano aMcaLo ene ja bhAre paDI jAya che. AmAMthI bahAra nIkaLavA suvarNa prayatna kare che, paNa pote khodelA khADAmAMthI bahAra nIkaLI zakato nathI, rUpe sohAmaNA suvarNamAM harine mAraga cAlavAnI zUravIratAno sarvathA abhAva che. sarvavyApI rAjAno anubhava A suvarNane thAya che. 'paNa'thI Izvarane oLakhato suvarNa kahe che ke e 'paNa' dekhAtuM nathI, paraMtu enI AgaLathI salAmata rIte bhAgI chUTavAnI jagyA jagatamAM kyAMya nathI. Akhare banAvaTI, rAjavezadhArI suvarNa - iMdriyagrAhya sauMdarya - zUnyamAM laya pAme che. kAMcIno rAjA adRzya rAjAnA astitvano inkAra kare che, paNa suvarNa jevo daMbhI nathI. mAtra adRzya dRzya na thAya tyAM sudhI ene svIkAravA -144. * rAjA [kiMga oNpha dha DArka caeNmbara] * e taiyAra nathI. enI mahAnatAno anubhava thatAM ja kAMcIno rAjavI enuM zaraNa le che. banAvaTI suvarNa nAza pAme che, jyAre kAMcIno rAjA Izvarano Adara pAme che. A rUpakAtmaka nATakamAM vaparAyelAM rUpako e dharma-rUpako che. dAsya, sakhya ane madhura rasathI thatI Izvara-sAdhanAne anukrame dAsI suraMgamA, ThAkuradA ane rANI sudarzanAthI pragaTa karI che. mAnavamanamAM paLavAra azraddhA jAge, cheka Izvarano anAdara ane inkAra karavA sudhI pahoMcI jAya, tevI sthiti A traNee anubhavI hatI. madhura rasanI sAdhanA sauthI kaThina hovAnA pratIkarUpa sudarzanA sauthI vadhu kaSTa sahana kare che. suraMgamAnA dArUDiyA ane jugArI bApane rAjAe dezanikAlanI sajA karI tyAre suraMgamAnA mananI evI bhAvanA jAgI hatI ke A rAjAne koI mArI nAkhe to sAruM. e ja dAsI ahaMbhAva gALIne adbhuta ane Azcaryamaya evA rAjAnI sevA karavAno adhikAra meLave che. ThAkuradAnA eka pachI eka pAMce dIkarA marI gayA ane rAjAne bAraNe Akho divasa mahenata karavA chatAM be paisAnuM ya inAma maLatuM nathI, topaNa ThAkuradA rAjAne potAno mitra mAnIne gaurava anubhave che. kare samaye Izvara ja mAnavaAtmAne madada kare che. rANI sudarzanAnA mAnavaAtmAne AgamAMthI ugAravAnuM kAma rAjavezI suvarNa nahIM, paNa sAco rAjA ja kare che. dAsI suraMgamA kahe che ke vipatti veLAe A sAco rAjA sadA pAse ja rahe che. Aga veLAe anya mAnavIo ane prANIo bAgamAMthI bahAra nIkaLI jAya che, tenI pAchaLanuM sAcuM preraNAbaLa sAco rAjA ja che. pitAne tyAM vaselI sudarzanAne enI bArI bahArathI evuM ja saMgIta saMbhaLAya che ke je bhUtakALamAM aMdhArA oraDAmAM rAjAnI rAha jotI veLA saMbhaLAtuM hatuM ! rAjAo paNa sajA bhogavatA pahelAM AvuM ja saMgIta sAMbhaLe che ! sarvatra phelAyelI sAcA rAjA-Izvara--nI vibhUtino A sAkSAtkAra che. sthULa kriyAmAM rAcatAM sAmAnya nATakonA karatAM judI ja koTInuM A nATaka che. emAM kriyA aMtargata rahasyane oLaMgIne nATakanI jamAvaTa karatI nathI, paNa aMtargata sUkSma vicAra kriyAmAM palaTAIne nATakanA AkAranI AchI paNa ramaNIya rekhAone upasAvI Ape che. AthI kriyAno vega vicAra ke .145]

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* zabdasamIpa * rahasyathI bhinna varatAto nathI; nATaka kavitAnI amUrta ke bhAvanAtmaka koTI tajIne dhIme dhIme svakIya ghanatA prApta kare che. A nATakanA pAtro ane prasaMgone A hakIkatanA saMdarbhamAM mUlavavAM joIe. ravIndranAthanAM bIjAM nATako karatAM 'DAkaghara' ane "rAjA 'nI vizeSatA e che ke emAM sauMdaryAtmaka asaranI sAthe kRtinI nATyAtmaka asara paNa adhikArI bhAvaka avazya anubhave che. kavivara 'rAjA'mAM sUcano dvArA rahasyano anubhava karAve che. rUpakane pAmI gayelA bhAvakanA citta para 'avyakta'ne khoLavAno vyaktano ramaNIya puruSArtha UMDI chApa pADI jAya che. eka sAthe be kriyA - eka sapATI paranI ane bIjI aMtargata - bhAvakacittamAM cAle che. takhtA upara rAjAnuM rUpa pAmavA mATeno rANIno talasATa dekhAya che tyAre ApaNAM netra A lIlA nIrakhe che ane citta mAnavaAtmAnI IzvaranuM rUpa pAmavAnI jhaMkhanA anubhave che. sudarzanAnA manamAM cAlatA bhAvasaMgharSane pariNAme nATakamAM eka prakAranuM action anubhavAya che. sudarzana ane suraMgamAnA saMvAdamAM athavA rAjAne virUpa dhArIne eno rANI tyAga kare che te veLAnA rAjA ane rANInA saMvAdamAM nATyAtmakatA che. nATakano prAraMbha rahasyapUrNa ane coTadAra che. keTalIka ghaTanAo ApaNI AturatA ane jijJAsAne utteje tevI che. Literature that walks and talksnA nATaka vizenA pracalita khyAlanA bIbAmAM na AvatA 'rAjA'mAM noMdhapAtra takhtAlAyakI che. baMgALI raMgamaMca upara A nATaka saphaLatAthI bhajavAyuM che. videzamAM sAro Adara pAmela A nATakanI phrAnsa ane jarmanImAM bhajavaNI thaI che. khUbInI vAta e che ke nATakano nAyaka takhtA upara Avato ja nathI. mAtra teno avAja ja saMbhaLAya che. Ama chatAM AkhA ya nATakamAM satata bhAvaka enuM svarUpa pAme che. jagatanAyakanI peThe ane enA jevA ja A nATakanA nAyakane chupAvI rAkhavAmAM - aMdhArA oraDAmAM - nATyakAranI saphaLatA chupAyelI che. A nATakanA saMvAdo zabdALu che ema kahevAyuM che. eka Urmikavie AmAM chUTe hAthe kalpanAo verI che. vaLI atyaMta mArmika ane hAthamAMthI chaTakI jAya tevI 2hasya-sabhara ane vyApaka saMvedanAne - jene meTaraliMka intuitions" kahe che - philasUpha saghana gaghamAM rajU karI zake, kavi TUMkI, sAragarbha paMktionA saMpuTamAM mUkI Ape, paNa nATakakAra mATe pratyakSa kriyArUpe darzana karAvavAnuM 189 * rAjA kiMga oNpha dha DArka caeNmbara) * hovAthI AvI saMvedanAne sAkAra karavI agharI bane che. ene vividha kriyAmAM rajU karavA mATe navAM rUpako ane kalpanAono Azraya levo paDe che. AthI kyAMka zabdALutA lAge, paNa zabdono ghaTATopa kyAMya nathI, kRtrimatA paNa kyAMya nathI. satata eka AphlAdajanaka AsvAda emAMthI maLe che. eDavarDa thomsane ThAkuradAnA pAtra vize sakhata TIkA karI che. teoe ravIndranAthanI philasUphIne lakSamAM rAkhI hota to kadAca AvI TIkA karI na hota. nATakamAM ThAkura dA e sakhyabhaktinuM jIvaMta udAharaNa che. nATakamAM be prakAre vastupravAha vahe che. ekamAM rANI sudarzanAnuM maMthana AlekhAyuM che ane tene enI ghasI IzvarI saMketa samajAve che. evI ja rIte bIjI eka kathA nagarajano ane rAjAonI adRzya rAjAnI zodhanI kathA che. ThAkuradA e janasamAja temaja pArthiva rAjAone sAcA rAjA IzvaranA sAmarthyano khyAla Ape che. keTalAka vivecakone nATakamAM gIto bhArarUpa lAgyAM che. nATakamAM gIto cheka ja nakAmAM che ema to na ja mAnI zakAya. grIka nATako ane zeksapiyaranAM nATakomAM gIto maLe che. AthI te keTalA pramANamAM ane kayA saMdarbhamAM rajU thAya che te cakAsavuM joIe. nATakamAM je gUDha rahasyane vAcA ApavI che, je jhaMkhanA ane Arata vyakta karavI che te mATe gIto upayogI che, e gIto ApaNane eka anokhA vAtAvaraNamAM laI jAya che. gItomAM nirUpita prakRtinAM aMgo AdhyAtmika rahasyanuM sUcana kare che. kavivara ravIndranAtha ThAkure potAnuM darzana vyakta karavA mATe koI pracalita nATyasvarUpanuM cokaThuM svIkAravAnuM pasaMda karyuM nathI. potAnAM preraNA, darzana ane pratibhAne vaphAdAra rahIne mAnava ane IzvaranA gUDha ane amUrta-abstractsaMbaMdhane 'nATyakSama' banAvavA temaNe hAma bhIDI che. 'rAjA' nATakamAM aMtargata rahasya jema IzvaranI vibhutAno aNasAra Ape che tema sAhitya-kalAnI vizALa vibhutAno paNa tRptikara anubhava karAve che. e kAraNe tene ravIndranAthanI pratibhAnuM apratima saMtAna gaNavuM joIe. jagatasAhityamAM A prakAranAM je thoDAMka nATyasarjano thayAM che temAM tene mAnabharyuM sthAna maLyuM che. 0 147 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * pAdaTIpa 1. 'gItavitAna', pR. 482 2. 'ravIndranAthanAM nATako' khaM. 1, pR. 71. prastuta lekhamAM zrI nagInadAsa pArekhe karelA 'rAjA' nATakanA gujarAtI anuvAdano upayoga karyo che. 3. eDavarDa thomsana ahIM prajAsattAkano aNasAra jue che ane samakAlIna rAjakIya pravAhothI alipta rahenArA ravIndranAthanI pratibhAnuM krAMtadarzana jue che, paNa AvA Alekhana pAchaLa ravIndranAthano rAjakIya karatAM AdhyAtmika rahasyapUrNa hetu vadhAre lAge che. 4. 'mAnava satya' nAmanA nibaMdhamAM ravIndranAtha lakhe che : "jIvanadevatAthI jIvanane alaga karIne joIe eTale duHkha, jIvanadevatA sAthe jIvanane eka karIne joIe eTale mukti.' 5. AvA chaTakI jAya tevA rahasyavALA pratIkAtmaka nATaka vizenA meTaraliMkanA udgAro juo : "Those intuitions, grasps of guess which pull the more into the less, making the finite comprehend infinity." 6. "As it is Thakurdada'-- with much assistance, able though superflours spoils everything... Grandfather is just a nuisance""Rabindranath Tagore." by Edward Thompson, p. 219 -148] 10 prayogazIla sarjaka phirAka eka aMdhArI rAta bALaka raghupatinI jiMdagImAM navI rozanI phelAvI gaI. dasa varSanA raghupatino deha tAvathI taraphaDato hato. meleriyAnI ThaMDIthI zarIra tharathara kAMpatuM hatuM, tyAre raghupatinI mAtA AkhI rAta potAnA bALakane godamAM laIne beThI. ene kema zAtA rahe, enI rAtabhara koziza karatI rahI. dasa varSano bImAra bALaka mAtAnI A zuzruSAne joto hato. enI buddhimAM ekAeka eka vicAra jhabakI UThyo ke kazIya AnAkAnI ke avarodha vinA ATalI hiphAjata karavAnI tAkAta mAtAmAM kyAMthI AvatI haze ? AvA anaMta vAtsalya pAchaLa kaI zaktinuM baLa raheluM haze ? A zaktino vicAra e ja raghupatinI sAhityakhojano pradhAna vicAra banI gayo. A bALaka raghupati sahAya Adhunika urdU sAhityanA utkRSTa zAyara 'phirAka' gorakhapurI tarIke prasiddha thayA, paraMtu emanuM kalAbIja to bALapaNamAM pelA sAva sAmAnya prasaMgamAM paDeluM che. emaNe kavi tarIke evo prayatna karyo ke emanI kAvyadhArAmAMthI mAtA jevI hUMpha ane dhabakatI AsAeza pragaTe. AkhIya mahephila jhUmI jhUmIne vAha vAha pokArI UThe evI uparachallI janamanaraMjanI -149

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* zabdasamIpa * 'phirAkamAM nahIM maLe, balake enI pAsethI to sadAya tasallI ja maLatI rahe che. 'phirAka' kahe che : karate nahIM kucha to kAma karanA kyA Aye jIte jI jo se gujaranA kyA jAye ro ro ke mata mAMganevAloM ko jInA nahIM A sakA to maranA kyA Ave. | phirAkano janma dharmaparAyaNa hindu kuTuMbamAM thayo hato. emanA gharamAM 'sUrasAgara ' ane 'rAmAyaNano niyamita pATha thato hato. khuda phirAka kahe che ke A abhyAsane kAraNe ja urdU kavitAmAM je bhAvasRSTi ajANI rahI hatI ene teo pragaTa karI zakyA, 'phirAka'nA pitA munzI gorakhaprasAda 'ibaratanA upanAmathI zAyarI karatA. AthI 'phirAkane gaLathuthImAM zAyarI maLI hatI, ema rUDhigata rIte kahevAmAM Ave. A vize 'phirAka' kahe che ke, teo pote pitAnI pAsethI kAvya sAMbhaLatA hatA, paraMtu bALapaNathI ja zAyarInA saMskAra maLyA hatA evA bayAnAta sAthe saMmata nathI. temanA pitA munzI gorakhaprasAda avasAna pAmyA tyAre trIsa hajAranuM devuM hatuM, paraMtu e badhuM devuM 'phirAke' bharapAI karyuM, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa baMne bhAIone bhaNAvIne sArI rIte taiyAra karyA. takadIranI sAthe 'phirAka 'ne khUba jhajhUmavuM paDyuM che ane ethI ja zAyara enI eka gajhalamAM AvI khumArI pragaTa karatAM kahe che : nasIbe khuphatA ke " zAne * jhiMjhoDa sakatA huM, tilasma* gaphalateja kornana" toDa sakatA huM, na pUcha hai merI majabUriyoM meM kyA kasabala ? musIbatoM kI kalAI maroDa sakatA huM. ubala paDe abhI AbehayAta ke came 19 zarAro'' saMgako'aisA nicoDa sakatA huM, emanA saMgharSamaya jIvananI parAkASThA to tyAre AvI ke mAtra cha-sAta mahinAnA alpakALamAM ja emanuM dAMpatyajIvana naMdavAI gayuM. jIvanano A abhAva emanI kavitAnA prAraMbhakALamAM jovA maLe che, paraMtu 'phirAka' emAMthI tarata bahAra AvyA ane pharI sauMdaryakhojanI rAha para cAlavA lAgyA. 1. sUtelA nasIbane, 2, khabho, 3. DhaMDhoLavuM, 4. jAduI, 5. pramAda, 6. baMne loka - A loka ane paraloka, 7. zakti, 8. phUTI nIkaLaze, 9, amRtajaLanAM, 10. jharaNAMo, 11. cinagArI, 12. paththarane 0 150 ] * prayogazIla sarjaka phirAka * alhAbAdanI myora senTrala kaoNlejamAM bI.e. thayA pachI aMgreja sarakAre emane DepyuTI kalekTarano hodo Apyo, paraMtu eno asvIkAra karIne 'phirAka' rASTrIya koMgresamAM joDAyA. emaNe kArAvAsa paNa svIkAryo, paraMtu kArAvAsa emane mATe kAvyazALAmAM palaTAI gayo. ahIM samartha sAhityasvAmIo sAthe paricaya thayo ja, paraMtu maulAnA mohammada alI, maulAnA 'hasarata' mohAnI ane maulAnA abdula-kalAma 'AjhAda' sAthe rahevAnI taka maLI ane AthI ja vikharAyelI jiMdagI gumarAha thavAne badale eka suMdara ghATa pAmI. 'phirAka' eka ze'ramAM kahe che : ahale-jindA kI ye majalisa hai subUta isakA 'phirAka ' ke khabara kara bhI ye zIrAjA'* parezAM** na huA. I. sa. 1927mAM kArAvAsamAMthI mukta thayA bAda teoe urdU sAhityanA adhyApaka tarIke kAmagIrI bajAvI. AnI sAthosAtha ema. e. thayA ane alhAbAda yunivarsiTImAM I. sa. 1930mAM aMgrejInA adhyApaka tarIke joDAyA, jyAM teoe nivRttiparyaMta kAma karyuM. 'phirAka' gorakhapurIne alahAbAdamAM pro. nAsarI sAthe saMbaMdha thayo ane enAthI emanI sAhityika gatividhi vegIlI banI, phirAkane bALapaNamAM bhAratIya saMtavANInA saMskAro maLyA. e pachI emaNe gAliba, mIra, momIna ane musahaphI jevA sarjakonA sarjanano gADha sahavAsa sevyo, gAliba pAsethI jIvananuM nItaryuM darzana pAmyA. vedanAnA lAvArasano dhagadhagato anubhava mIranI pAsethI maLyo, jyAre Urmino UchaLato Avega musahaphI pAsethI pAmyA. pAzcAtya sAhityano UMDo abhyAsa karyo. Ama 'phirAka'nA sarja kacittamAM samRddha sAhityadhArAono triveNIsaMgama racAyo. ATalI vizALa sAhitya-upAsanAne kAraNe ja 'phirAka'nuM sarja kacitta urdU sAhityakAromAM nokhuM tarI Ave che. 'phirAka'nA Agamana pahelAM urdU kavitA praNayanA lAgaNIveDAthI nItaratI hatI ane jIvananI nakkara vAstavikatAthI ghaNI vegaLI hatI. AMsuthI kharaDAyelA pocaTa praNayanA cIle cAlatI urdU kavitA ekasurIlI ane baMdhiyAra banI gaI hatI. mAtra zarAba ane zabAbanA sAMkaDA viSayavartuLamAM ghUmatI hatI. Ave samaye urdU kavitAmAM navIna vicAra, nokhI vibhAvanA ane navA navA prayogothI 13. jelanivAsI, 14. silAI (pustakanI), 15. vikharAI a 151

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* zabdasamIpa * cIlo cAtaravAnuM kAma phirAka gorakhapurIe karyuM. zAyarIne teo vyaktigata jIvananI DAyarI mAnatA nathI. bhAvanI ekAdI avasthAnuM tIvratAthI gAna karavAthI zAyarInuM kAma saratuM nathI. 'phirAka'nA mate to zAyarImAM ApaNe zuM chIe te nahIM paNa ApaNe zuM thavA mAgIe chIe te pragaTa thavuM joIe. mAtra huna ane izkamAM jIvananI paryApti nathI. vyaktigata bhAvanAonuM manohara varNana karavA mAtrathI kavitA banatI nathI. e bhAvanAo vyaktigata hovAnI sAthosAtha samaSTi sAthe anusaMdhAna sAdhatI hovI joIe. AthI ja 'phirAka'nI kavitA svakIya dardanI vedanAbharI abhivyaktine badale samaSTinA sauMdaryanI khojano avirata prayAsa banI rahI. jiMdagIne sarvAMgI rIte joto A kavi kahe che : e jindagI-e-gama terI vahezata dekhI terI naraMgI e-tabIyata dekhI; khulate nahIM tere bheda, mane tujha meM haMsa ne kI rote-rote Adata dekhI. jhiMdAdila zAyara jiMdagInI vedanAne jue che. jIvanamAM Dagale ne pagale eno anubhava thayo che. kyAreka teo cIsa pADIne kahe che : khAMte huM agara jAna to kho lene ke jo aMsameM ho jAye vo hI lene de; ika aa paDI ha sabhya bhI kara laMga isa vakta to ja bhara ke ro lene de. kavi mAne che ke hastInI A rAta pasAra karavAnI ja che. jiMdagI e mahephila nathI, paNa ujjaDa ke verAna che. mAtra vedanAnI abhivyakti para ja 'phirAka' aTakatA nathI. jIvananAM sukha-duHkhanAM jhAMjhavAMnI pele pAra AvelA AtmavizvAsane oLakhIne kahe che : kaida kyA, rihAI kyA, hai hImeM hara Alama cala paDe to saharA hai, rUka gaye to jindAM hai. 'phirAka' gorakhapurIe AraMbhamAM urdU kavitA vAMcI, to enAthI tRpti ochI maLI, asaMtoSa vadhu thayo. jUja mAnavIonA muzAyarAmAM vAha vAha mATe jabAnanI sastI toDa-maroDa ke halakI izkiyA zAyarI sAme napharata pedA thaI. 16. gabharAmaNa, 17. vicitra Q 152] prayogazIla sarjaka phirAka atizaya zRMgAra Alekhato 'dAga' 'phirAka'ne gamyo nahIM, eka kALe 'phAnI' badAyUnI darda ane duHkhano sahuthI moTo zAyara kahevAto, paNa emAM rovuM ane taDapavuM vizeSa hatuM. mAtra izka ane huznanI nAjuka bayAnI karatI urdU kavitAne joIne eka vAra to 'phirAka' bolI UThyA ke urdU kavitAmAM zarAba che, zarabata che, paNa amRta nathI. ene a-mRta tattva tarapha vALavAno 'phirAke' prayAsa karyo. urdU zAyarInI preyasI hatI bevaphA vezyA. 'phirAke' ene koThA parathI nIce utArI. enA Azikane rAta-divasanI vedanA, viraha, talasATa ane AMsumAMthI bahAra kADhyo. 'phirAka'nA sauMdarya-AlekhanamAM saMskRta ane hiMdI sAhityano prabhAva hato. 'phirAka'no Azika phariyAda kare che, paNa potAnuM gaurava jALavIne. agAuno kavi preyasI mATe taDapato hato, paNa enI sAthe kazuM tAdAtmya sAdhyuM nahotuM. enI priyatamA potAnA priyatama pratye berukhI(upekSA)no bhAva dAkhavatI hatI. Azika mAzUkAnI eka najara mATe taDapato hato, paNa eNe potAnI priyatamAne najIkathI nihALI nahotI, hRdayathI jANI nahotI, buddhithI nANI nahotI. 'phirAka' priyatamA sAthenA tAdAtmyanuM manabhara gAna kare che, e ene nihALato ja nathI, balke sparze che. AthI ema kahevAya che ke 'phirAke' Adhunika urdU gajhalane navI mAzUkA ApI. enI mAzUkAnuM Alekhana kRtrima nahIM, paNa kalAtmaka che. niSThANa nahIM, balke jIvaMta che. 'phirAka' praNayane jiMdagInI nakkara vAstavikatA ane vaizvika saMdarbhamAM rajU kare che. AmAM koI zikavA ke zikAyata nathI : saMyoga viyoga kI kahAnI na uThA pAnI meM bhigate kevala ko dekhA; bItI koMgI suhAga rAteM kitanI lekina huM Aja taka kavArA nAtA. phirAka tu hI musAphira hai tuM hI maMjhila bhI kidhara calA hai mohabbata kI coTa khAye hue. 'phirAka'nA kahevA pramANe praNayanI zAyarI racavA mATe bhAvukatA, hRdayanI komaLatA ke Azika athavA zAyara thavuM ja pUratuM nathI, balke praNayanI uttama zAyarI mATe svayaMbhU preraNA, vyApaka jIvanadarzana ane saMskRtithI ghaDAyelAM dila ane dimAga hovAM joIe. Q 153]

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* prayogazIla sarjaka phirAka * potAnI vibhAvanA kAvyasarjana mAraphate satata pragaTa karatA rahyA. 'phirAkanA kahevA pramANe emaNe Alekhelo praNaya e pleTonika ke bhautika praNaya nathI, emAM zArIrika tattva paNa che. kyAMka 'phirAka' praNayanuM vyaMjanArahita sIdhe sIdhuM Alekhana kare che. teo kahe che : yaha bhIgI masa rU pakI ja gamagAha Te yaha mahe kI huM I ra sa masI 21 muka rAha 8, tujhe bharata 22 vakata nAju ke badana pare vAM huM ku cha jAma namaka7 * sara sara & Te **; thase MiAba 2 pa paNa huM e ke aAzika se unA 6 le ke sAdA joDe kI vahe malaja gAha Ta . * zabdasamIpa * A jIvaMta preyasInA nakha, keza, svabhAva ane premanuM 'phirAka' sajIva citraNa kare che. teo kahe che : rasa meM DUbA huM A laherAtA badana kyA kahanA | karavaTe letI huM I subahecamana* kyA kahanA // madabharI AMkhoM kI alasAI najara pichalI rAta | niMda meM DUbI huM I candrakirana kyA kahanA // dila ke AIne meM Isa taraha utaratI hai nigAha } jaise pAnI meM lacaka jAye kirana kyA kahanA // terI AvAja saverA terI bAte taDa kA'= | AMkheM khUla jAtI hai ejAjesa khuna kyA kahanA // 'phirAka'nA prAraMbhika kAvyasarjana para keTalAka kaviono prabhAva jovA maLe che. 'AsI' gAjIpUrInI rubAIothI prabhAvita thaIne rubAIdhyAta lakhavA lAgyA. tyArabAda 'joza' malihAbAdI ane mominanA sarjanano raMga emanI kRtiomAM jovA maLato, paraMtu e pachI emanI kAvyapratibhAe AgavuM ja rUpa dhAraNa karyuM ane ethI 'phirAka' Aje paNa u sAhityamAM emanA AgavA sarjI kamAnasathI anokhuM sthAna dharAve che. pharamAyazI lakhANa lakhavAnA teo virodhI che. hRdayamAM jAgelo UrmidhabakAra zabdadeha dhAraNa karyA vinA rahI zake nahIM tyAre ja teo lekhinI calAve che. emaNe eka patramAM niyojane lakhyuM ke, jema rudana karavAthI koI phAyado nathI, tema chatAM AMkhamAM AMsu UmaTI Ave che, tevI ja rIte majabUrI ane mAyusI(nirAzA)ne kAraNe gajhala racAI jAya che. | 'phirAka" gorakhapurIe emanI gajhala, rubAIo ane najamomAM navAnavA zabdo ApyA, anokhI upamAo ApI ane mugdha kare tevI kalpanAnI raMgalIlA AlekhI. AthI ja emanI kavitA para mohamila(arthahIna durbodhatA)no Aropa mUkavAmAM Avyo. urdU sAhityamAM praNaya vize ziSTa ane saMketanI bhASAmAM vAta thatI. saMskRta sAhityanuM AkaMTha pAna karanAra 'phirAka'nuM zRMgAra-nirUpaNa urdU sAhityamAM taddana juduM paDe che. keTalAke AmAM kalAmayatA joI, to koIne vAstava-Alekhanano hiMmatabharyo prayAsa dekhAyo. 'phirAkanI AvI kavitA para azlIlatAno Aropa mUkavAmAM Avyo. Ama chatAM 'phirAka' praNaya vizenI 18. bAganI savAra, 19. bapora, 20. camatkAranI vAta 0 154 ] yahe vastakA huM karizmA ki huna jAga uThA, tere badanakI koI aba khu da Aga hI de khe; jarA visAla ke = bAda AInA to dekho e dosta tere ja mAlaka? dozIja gI* nikhara AI. 'phirAka kalA khAtara kalAmAM mAnanArA kavi che. jenuM aMtaraMga ane bahiraMga suMdara hoya te kavitA, ema mAne che. vaLI A bhAvuka prakRtino kavi kyAreka praNayanA AvegathI dhasamasatI gajhala kahe che, to kvacit copAsanA jIvanathI prabhAvita thaIne ekAeka inkalAbI najama kahevA mAMDe che. vaLI evAmAM priyatamA yAda AvI jAya to premanI saravANI phUTI nIkaLe che. 'phirAka gorakhapurIe agaNita kavitAo, gajhala, rubAI ane muktako (kataAta) lakhyAM che. teo ucca koTinA samIkSaka paNa che, chatAM vizeSa to gajhalamAM ane temAM paNa gajhalanA zeramAM emanuM pradAna amITa che. temanA zeranI saMkhyA seMkaDo sudhI pahoMce che ane tenI sAhityika guNavattA ghaNI UMcI che. AvA keTalAka ze'ra joIe : zAma bhI thI dhUo - dhUo, huMphana bhI thA udAsa - udAsa; dila kI kaI kahAniyAM yAda sI Akara raha gaI ! 21. rasabharI, 22. AliMgana, 23. narama vastro, 24. susavATo, 25. UMdhyA pachI, 26. paDakhAM, 27. dhavAyelAM, 28 milana, 29. milana pachI, 30. sauMdaryanuM, 31. kaumArya 0 1papa ]

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* zabdasamIpa * meM dera taka tujhe khuda hI na rokatA lekina, tuM jisa adA se uThA hai usI adA kA ronA hai ! ke le kauna AsamAnoM rahA nIMda hai AtI aMgaDAI hai ! ko sakA hamase tumane kyA to ho khera muhabbata bevaphAI meM kI ? ! mujhe khabara nahIM hai e hamadamo, sunA ye hai, ki dera-dera taka aba meM udAsa rahatA ! banAkara hamako miTa jAte hai gama bhI zAdamAnI 32 bhI, hayAte-caMda-rojA ke hai hakIkata* bhI kahAnI bhI ! * prayogazIla sarjaka phirAka * 'phirAkanA praNaya-AlekhananI mAphaka enA prakRti-AlekhanamAM AgavI vizeSatA jovA maLe che. vegIlI kalpanA dvArA e kudaratano dhabakAra jhIle che. bhAratIya vAtAvaraNanA parivezamAM emanuM prakRti-Alekhana jovA maLe che, AthI emanI upamA ane kalpanA urdU sAhityamAM AgavI sRSTi sarjI jAya che. puruSa ane prakRti emanA sarjanamAM vegaLAM rahetAM nathI. balka puruSa enA lohImAM prakRtino dhabakAra anubhave che. emanI praNayavibhAvanA, AsapAsanI prakRti sAtheno gADha saMbaMdha, saMskRta tema ja hiMdI sAhityano sahavAsa tathA sUkSma avalokanazakti ane vedhaka sauMdaryadRSTine kAraNe emanuM kAvyasarjana AgavI bhAta pADe che. emAM bhAvaka bhAratIya tattvanA spaMdane satata anubhavato rahe che. vizvanuM akhilAIthI darzana karatA 'phirAka' iSTanI sAthe aniSTane paNa joI zake che. mAnavI e teja-aMdhAranuM pUtaLuM che. enAmAM Izvara ane zetAna baMne vaselA che. 'phirAka' jeTalI utkaTatAthI kAvyamAM AnaMdanuM gAna kare che eTalI ja utkaTatAthI viSAdanuM Alekhana kare che, paraMtu emano viSAda koI vyaktigata vedanAno sUra banavAne badale samaSTigata bhAva sAthe anusaMdhAna sAdhe che. AthI emanAM kAvyo mAtra AtmalakSI nahIM banatAM, paralakSI paNa banyAM che. ane emanuM praNayAlekhana vyaktigata vedanAnI vAtane badale samaSTi sAthe dora sAMdhe che. 'phirAka' gorakhapurIne Adhunika urdU sAhityanA sauthI samartha 'gajhalago "zAyara' mAnavAmAM Ave che. manobhAvanuM vedhaka Alekhana, vegIlI kalpanA, bhAratIya bhASAonI chAMTa dharAvatI alaMkArasamRddhi, hindI ane urdU rUpono samanvaya tema ja prema ane sauMdaryanI manovaijJAnika sUkSmatA 'phirAka" jevI urdU sAhityamAM anyatra kvacit ja maLe che. sarjakanI bhAvukatA sAthe ciMtanano sumeLa sAdhIne teo mAtra prabhAvika baLa ja banI rahyA nathI, paraMtu potAnI sAhityika vibhAvanAne kalAkRtimAM saphaLa rIte sAkAra karI zakyA che. prayogazIla phirAka gorakhapurIe je navuM kalAjagata ApyuM temAM keTalAkane sAhityika baLavAnI gaMdha paNa AvI. 'asara' lakhanavI jevA paraMparAgata zAyarI sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvanArA zAyarone to 'phirAkanI zAyarI aparicita ane asaMbaddha lAge che. emaNe 'phirAka'nA ze'rane 'kANA, lulA ane laMgaDA munAsabata bhI hai kucha gama se mujha ko e dosta bahuta dinoM se tujhe maherabaoN nahIM pAyA ! na koI vAdA, na koI yaka, na koI umIda, magara hameM to terA intijAra karanA thA ! 'phirAke' gajhalanA hArdane jALavIne prayogo karyA vikhyAta zAyara 'jigara' murAdAbAdIe eka vAra ema kahyuM ke, A kavinA ekeeka kAvyamAM enI zailI badalAI jAya che, tyAre 'phirAke' uttara Apyo ke mahAna kavio vaividhya dharAvatA hoya che. emanI kavitA para kharabacaDI abhivyakti ane bhASAvaicitryano Aropa mukAyo che, paraMtu 'phirAkanA kahevA pramANe emano bhAva eTalo sUkSma ane chaTakaNo hoya che ke te koI daDha sImAmAM ke paraMparAgata cIle pragaTa thaI zakato nathI, teo bhAvakane kRtinI AkRtinI paLojaNamAM paDavAne badale tenA aMta:tattvane cakAsavAnuM kahe che. 32. harSa, 33. cAra divasanuM jIvana, 34. vAstavikatA 156 ]. 35. kahenAro 0 157 ]

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aba TUTa gireMgI khaMjIrve * zabdasamIpa * ze'ra' siddha karavAnA prayatno karyA to koIe chaMdane nahIM gAMThatA A kavi para, zithila chaMdaracanA, bhASAnuM kaDhaMgApaNuM ane zikhAu jevI zailIno AkSepa karyo. eka bAju 'phirAka'nI AvI TIkA thatI hatI, to bIjI bAju enI sAhityika pratibhAno Adara karanAro varga paNa Ubho thayo. khuda 'phirAka' AmAM jhukAvIne AvA vivAdomAM sakriya rIte bhAga levA mAMDyA. teo evI dRDha mAnyatA dharAve che ke kalAkAre enI sAhityika rUcinI oLakha mATe enI sarjanAtmakatAne anukuLa vAtAvaraNa sarjavAne mATe AvA vivAdomAM jAte ja jhukAvavuM joIe. pAkistAnamAM islAmI ane ruhAnI (AdhyAtmika) sAhityano jorazorathI nAro pokAravAmAM Avyo, tyAre emaNe potAno abhiprAya spaSTa rIte pragaTa karyo. 'phirAka'nI gaNanA sAmyavAdamAM vizvAsa dharAvanArA pragatizIla sAhityakAromAM thatI hatI, paraMtu jyAre emaNe joyuM ke pragatizIla sAhityakAra saMkucitatAno zikAra bane che ane samRddha prAcIna vArasAnI upekSA kare che tyAre temaNe cetavaNI ApatAM kahyuM ke, vizvanA sauthI prAcIna pustaka RgvadathI mAMDIne Tenisana, svinabarna, TaoNlsTaoNya, TAgora, gAliba ane ikabAlanA sAhityamAM je kalAtmaka camatkAra che, enAthI pragatizIla sAhityakAra vimukha raheze to te mAtra pragatizIlatAnA uddezane AdhAre mahAna sAhityanuM sarjana karI zakaze nahIM. prAcIna sAhityanA AtmAne emaNe AtmasAt karavo joIe. mAtra prAcIna sAhityanA adhyayanathI A prApta thaze nahIM, balake A mATe enA AtmA sudhI pahoMcavuM paDaze. temaNe kahyuM ke jo prAcIna sAhityanA hArdana pAmI zakIzuM nahIM to ApaNuM sAhitya pragatizIla hovA chatAM kapAyelA pataMga jevuM dizAzUnya banI raheze. - urdU sAhitya para 'phirAka'no eTalo prabhAva paDyo ke keTalAka enA sarjanakALane 'phirAka yuga' tarIke oLakhAve che. urdU gajhalamAM teo navuM ja rUpa laI AvyA. urdU sAhityamAM 'phirAka'nA pradAnane enA ja eka ze'rathI joIe to - hajAra bAra jamAnA Idhara se gujarA hai naI-naI sI hai kucha terI rahagujara phira bhI ! pAkistAnanA phaijha ahamada phaijha ane bhAratanA phirAka gorakhapurI e ogaNIsamI sadInA be mahAna urdu kavi thaI gayA. 1971mAM bhArata ane pAkistAna vacce yuddha cAlatuM hatuM. phirAka gorakhapurI potAnA mitro sAthe besIne reDiyo parathI yuddhanA chellA ahevAlo sAMbhaLatA hatA. emaNe sAMbhaLyuM ke bhAratIya senA AgaLa vadhI rahI che. tyAre phirAkanuM dezapremI dila ekAeka pokArI UThavuM, "basa, A ja kharo moko che. bhArate pAkistAnanAM zahero para baoNmbamAra zarU karI devo joIe." phirAkanA eka mitre jarA vedanAthI kahyuM, "phirAkasAheba, bombamAro thAya, paNa eka baoNmba phaijha para paDe to ? baoNmbanuM saranAmuM hotuM nathI ane e koIne apavAda gaNato nathI." A sAMbhaLatAM ja phirAka gorakhapurI becena banI gayA. potAnI jAtane niSphara banIne Thapako ApavA lAgyA, "are, A huM zuM bolyo ? mAre AvuM bolavuM joItuM nahotuM. yuddha vinAza vere che. saMskRtino nAza kare che." ane pachI phirAka lAMbA samaya sudhI parezAna rahyA. emane emanA dosta phaijha ahamada phaijhanI yAda satAvavA lAgI. phaijha ahamada phaijhanI vidAye urdU kavitAne ghaNI 159 ] B 158 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * gamagIna banAvI dIdhI. phejha urdU sAhityanI mahAna hastI hatA. cAra-cAra dAyakA sudhI urdUnI pragatizIla kavitAnA e agraNI rahyA. ikabAla urdU zAyarIne vIsamI sadInA vartamAna phalaka para lAvyA to phaijhe tene eka kadama AgaLa dhapAvI. ikabAla, hasarata ane bIjA urdU kavioe rAja kIya viSaya mATe urdUnI viziSTa kalpanAsRSTino upayoga karyo, paraMtu phejhe teno samAjavAdI ane rASTravAdI viSayomAM viniyoga karIne urdU sAhityane vartamAna jagatanI vedanA, jhaMkhanA ane ajaMpA sAthe sAMkaLI dIdhuM. jiMdagInA AkharI zvAsa sudhI teo samAjavAdanA cAhaka rahyA. ane garIbo, zoSito tathA kacaDAyelA mAnavIono avAja banI rahyA. phajhe jIvanabhara julma ane anyAyano sAmano karyo. kyAre ka siddhAMtanI bAbatamAM koI samAdhAna na karyuM. anyAyanA pratikAra mATe emaNe mAtra kalama ja calAvI nathI, paraMtu 1930thI 1940 sudhI TreDa yuniyanamAM kAmagIrI paNa bajAvI. pAkistAnanI sarakAre emane rAvaLapiMDI payaMtra kesamAM bheLavIne kavino avAja damanathI kharIdavAno prayAsa karyo .1951nI eprilathI 1955 sudhI emane sukara, karAMcI ane lAhoranI jelamAM kArAvAsamAM rAkhavAmAM AvyA. sAme phAMsIno phaMdo laTakato hato tyAre phajhe jelanI ekalatA, potAnI sAme karAyelA AroponI pokaLatA ane rAja kIya hetu mATe UbhA karAyelA banAvaTI payaMtra vize kAvyo lakhyAM, ahIM emane kurAna sivAya koI kitAba ApavAmAM AvatI nahotI. akhabAra, sAmayika ke koI pustako to zuM, paraMtu lakhavAnI kalama paNa ApavAmAM AvatI nahotI. pote kazuM lakhI zaktA nahIM ane bahArathI koIno patra ke saMdezo emanI pAse AvI zakato nahIM. A sthitinI vedanA pragaTa karatAM kavie lakhyuM che - matA e lauha o kalama" china gaI to kyA gama hai, ki khUne dila meM Dubo lI & kaMgaliyA~ maine ! bAM pe mukSara lagI hai to kyA; ki 2 kha dI haiM hareka halakae jhaMjIra meM jubAM maina ! * aba TUTa gireMgI jhaMjIraeN * phrajha para dezadrohano Aropa mUkavAmAM Avyo. roja spezyala Tribyunala sAme hAjara thavuM paDe. atyaMta kharAba bhojana maLe, Ama chatAM A krAMtikArI kavino AtmA damana, ekalatA ke pralobhana AgaLa namyo nahIM. eNe jelamAM beThA beThA ekalatA vize kAvyo lakhyAM. urdU sAhityamAM tanhAInuM Alekhana to Thera Thera maLe che, paraMtu phejhanI kavitAmAM tanhAI koI juduM ja rUpa dhAraNa kare che. ekalatA akaLAvanArI hoya tyAre phejhane e ekalatA preyasInA mulAyama sparzanI yAda Ape che ane AkAzamAM cAMdanI vakratA joIne preyasI na hovA chatAM enA gaLAmAM hAtha vIMTALI devAnuM kavine mana thAya che. 'ta hAI meM kyA kyA na tujhe yAda kiyA hai kyA kyA ne dile jAra ne TUMDI thaI panAheM ! AMkhoM se lagAyA hai kabhI dasta sabA ko DAlI hai kabhI gardane mahatAba meM* bAheM !' phejhanI ekalatAmAM sauMdarya che, to enA sauMdaryadarzanamAM mAnava-abhIpsA che. emanI kavitAmAM praNayanI lAlI ane krAMtino lAla raMga eka banI jAya che. kavi baMne manobhAvane sAhajikatAthI ane AgavI chaTAthI nirUpe che. emanI krAMtinI Aga praNayanA lAvAmAM rUpAMtara pAmI che. eka bAju UrmikavinI vedanA ane vyathA che, to bIjI bAju krAMtikArIno pokAra ane paDakAra che. praNayanuM emanuM Alekhana ghaNuM najAkatabharyuM che. emanI uttama kakSAnI romaeNnTika kavitAne maheMdI hasanano surIlo avAja maLatAM badhe ja phelAI gaI. teo urdUnI klAsikala imagerynA cAhaka hatA. emanI kavitAmAM emaNe urdU kavitAnI paraMparA ane bhASAsRSTine AtmasAt karI che. gAliba ane ikabAlanI bhASAno samRddha vAraso phaijhe sAcavyo che. phejhanI bhASA e hiMdustAnI nathI, balka urdUnA arabI-phArasI sAthenA anusaMdhAnane pragaTa karatI bhASA che. kavinI praNayanI abhivyakti urdU sAhityanI paraMparAnI yAda Ape tevI che. teo kahe che - 'sArI duniyA se dUra ho jAye jo ja rA tere pAsa ho baThe ; na gaI terI berU khI na gaI hama terI ArajhU bhI kho baiThe.' 3. ThaMDI havAnA hAthanuM 4. caMdramAnI DokamAM n131 ] 1. kalama ane takhtI (kAgaLarUpI nidhi) 2, je jIranI pratyeka kaDImAM 160 ]

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zabdasamIpa * AvI ja rIte premikAnI yAdano emano eka ze'ra kevo lAkSaNika che ! rAta cUM dila meM tirI khoI huI yAda AI jaise vIrAne meM cupake se bahAra A jAye; jaise saherA meM hale se cale bAde-nasIma jaise bImAra ko be vajaha karAra A jAye. priyatamAnI yAda kaI rIte Ave che tene darzAvavA mATe phrajhanI kalpanA kevI marmavedhaka che ! phaijhanI kAvyabhASAnI vizeSatA ja e che ke enA kAvyamAM bhAva ane bhASA baMne saraLatAthI gati karatAM hoya che. phejhamAM kyAMya kliSTatA ke durbodhatA jovA nahIM maLe. AnuM kAraNa e ke phaijhane prajAjIvana sAthe sIdho saMbaMdha hato. janatAnI jabAnanA teo pUrA jANakAra hatA. phaijha kAzmIra gayA. enuM sauMdarya joyuM, paNa emane kudaratanA sauMdarya karatAM mAnavasauMdarya vadhu AkarSaka lAgyuM. phaija mAnatA hatA ke aphATa sAgara ke verAna raNa ke prakRtinAM anya tattvomAM saMdarya che, paraMtu evuM ja sadarya, zaheranAM galImahollAmAM paNa che. mAtra ene jovA mATe viziSTa dRSTi joIe. AthI praNayakavitAmAM romenTika udraka dAkhavanAra kavi praNayamAM ja puruSArthanI samApti mAnatA nathI. praNaya karatAM paNa bIjAM kartavyo UMce sthAne mUke che. AthI ja phaijha kahe che, "mujhase pahalI sI muhobbata mirI mahabUba na mAMga' ane A kAvyamAM kavi kahe che ke emaNe to preyasImAM ja badhuM joyuM hatuM. jIvanano prakAza enAmAM joyo. jagatanA AnaMdanuM sthAyitva tenAmAM nIrakhyuM. enI AMkhomAM ja AkhuM vizva lAdhyuM. tuM maLI jAya to badhuM ja maLI jAya ema mAnyuM hatuM, paNa pachI khyAla Ave che ke, 'ra bhI du:kha he jamAne meM muhabbata ke sivA'. A kAvyamAM phaijhe "pahelI sI' zabda para bhAra mUkyo che. kavinI najara praNayanI aMgata lAgaNIo parathI jagatanI vedanA para Thare che. phejhe eka mitra samakSa potAno manobhAva vyakta karatAM kahyuM hatuM ke emaNe rU5, javAnI, hoTha ane AMkho para prema karyo paraMtu e pachI emanI najara samAjanI sAcI vAstavikatA tarapha vaLI, julma, atyAcAra ane garIbI joI. mRtyuthI paNa badatara jIvana jIvanArA hajAro mAnavIo joyA ane e samaye emane evo 0 162 ] * aba TUTa reiMgI gaMjIr * anubhava thayo ke mAtra huzana sAthe ja prema karavAno nathI, paraMtu A dalita ane patItane cAhavAnA che ane emanAM gIta gAvAnAM che. phejhe emanI zAyarImAM eziyAI mAnavInA sauMdaryanuM Alekhana karyuM. phaijha eka evo mAnavI hato ke jenA hRdaya para sitArAnI mAphaka hajAro jakhya camakI rahyA hatA. rAvaLapiMDInI jelamAM emaNe lakhyuM - 'laMbI che gamakI zAma, magara zAma hI to hai" phaijhanI khoja mukta mAnavanI hatI. emaNe mAnavInA zoSaNa ane vedanAno upAya samAjavAdI vicArasaraNImAM joyo, paraMtu paraMparAnI bhUmimAM A sarjakanAM mULiyAM eTalAM UMDAM gayAM hatAM ke koI rAjakIya pavana emane halAvI ke lalacAvI zakyo nahIM. phaMjhanI kavitAe urdU sAhityamAM moTuM parivartana ANyuM. phajha eka bAju Urmikavi tarIke ghaNuM UMcuM sthAna meLave che to bIjI bAju emaNe mAnavIya mUlyonI pratiSThA karI. mAnavI para thatA dareka prakAranA julma, zoSaNa, anyAya, atyAcAra, johukamI ane saramukhatyArI sAme phajhe jIvanabhara saMgharSa kheDyo, mAzukAnA ikamAM sarvasva samarpaNa karanAra AzikanI mAphaka samAjavAdanI mAzukAnI teoe zabdarUpe ekaniSTha upAsanA karI. kyAre ke vedanAthI, kyAreka chaTAthI, to kvacit kaThora vANImAM phejha kahe che - bAma e sara vata ke khuzanazInAM se ajha mate came nama kI bAta karo ! jAna jAyeMge jAnanevAle 'phaijha ' pharahAda A jama kI bAta karo ! aizvaryanI uttuMga aTTAlikAomAM prasanna AvAsa karavAvALAonI AgaLa AMsubharI AMkhonA gauravanI garimAno prasaMga 2co. samaja dAra samajI jaze phejha, jarA pharahAda jevA majUra ane jamazeda jevA bAdazAhanI carcA karo arthAtu pharahAdano prema Aje paNa amara che jyAre jamazedanI bAdazAhatanuM nAmanizAna maLatuM nathI.] phaijha sAhityakArane samAjanI sAthe be rIte joDAyelo mAnatA hatA. eka vyakti tarIke ane bIjo sAhityakAra tarIke. samAjanA koI paNa nAgarika 0 133 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * jevI javAbadArI to sAhityakAre adA karavAnI che, paNa bIjI viziSTa javAbadArI paNa sAhityakAre bajAvavAnI che je sAhityakAranI kalA sAthe saMbaMdhita che. Ama sAhityakArane mAthe bevaDI javAbadArI che. A baMne saMbaMdho ekabIjA sAthe gUMthAyelA che ane tethI koI sAhityakAra ema kahe ke mAruM kAma to mAtra sAhitya-saudaryanAM mUlyonuM jatana karavAnuM ja che ane pravartamAna samAja sAthe mAre koI saMbaMdha nathI to e mAnyatAno phaijha virodha kare che. sAhityakAre vyakti tarIke samAjanA vikAsa ane parivartananI khevanA karavAnI hoya che ane koI paNa prakAranuM 'poeTika lAyasansa AmAMthI sAhityakArane bAkAta rAkhI zake nahIM. phejha e bAbatamAM spaSTa hatA ke kavie enA ekadaMDiyA mahelamAMthI bahAra AvIne AsapAsanI mAnavayAtanAno khyAla karavo joIe. joke teo mAnatA hatA ke kavitAe enA sauMdarya ane kalAne jALavavAnAM hoya che. pracAra ke evI bIjI paLojaNathI eNe dUra rahevuM joIe. A UrmikavinI kavitAmAM maMtramugdha karI denArI saMgItamayatA che. phejhanI kavitAmAM urdUnI paraMparAgata praNayakavitAmAM 'rakIba'ne khalanAyaka tarIke rajU karavAmAM Avato hato. e rakIba pratye krodha, tiraskAra, dhRNA jevA bhAvo kavi pragaTa karato, paraMtu phaijhe 'rakIba se' nAmanA kAvyamAM eka navo ja pragatizIla dRSTikoNa Apyo. jemAM kavi rakIbane kahe che. A premathI ApaNe baMne zuM zuM zIkhyA ane zuM zuM pAmyA ? - AjajhI sIkhI, garIboM kI himAyata sIkhI / yAso hiramAna ke, dukha darda ke mAnI sIkhe // jera dasto ke masAyaba ko samajhanA sIkhA | saI AhoM ke, rukhe jaI ke mAnI sIkhe phaijha urdUnI klAsikala kavitAno badho ja asabAba apanAve che. krUjha izkane paNa be arthamAM prayoje che. emanI kavitA 'do izka'mAM prAraMbhamAM izkane vicAradhArA ke saMgharSanA prema sAthe joDe che ane pachI mahabUbAnA izka sAthe joDe che. Ama eka pratIka paraMparAgata arthamAM Ave che, jyAre bIjuM pratIka navIna sAmAjika saMdarbhane rajU kare che. phaijha enI kavitAmAM AvAM paraMparAvAdI pratIkone * aba TUTa gireMgI jhaMjIrve * kalAmayatAthI sAmAjika ke rAjakIya pratIka tarIke prayojyAM che. enI zailImAM komaLa, maMda gati che. enuM zabdonuM cayana sUjhabharyuM che. kavinI zraddhA samAjavAdamAM hatI, paraMtu sarjana samaye to teo pragatizIla kavi lAgavAne badale gAliba ane ikabAlanI ucca kAvyapraNAlIne najaramAM rAkhIne gahana tattvaciMtanamAM khyA hoya tevA kavi lAge che. phejhanI kavitAmAM mystic tattva paNa jovA maLe che. Ama eka bAju vyaktigata Arajhuno taraphaDATa che. to bIjI bAju samAjanA besahArA lokonI vedanA che. eka tarapha mAnavIya bhAvonI raMgalIlA che, to bIjI tarapha samAjavAdI vicArasaraNInI prabhAvakatA che. praNayakavitA ane kAvyabhASAmAM phaijha klAsikala lAge che to enA kAvyaviSaya paratve Adhunika jaNAya che. Ama be taddana virodhI dhruva phaijhamAM ekasAthe ane kyAMka lagolaga lAge che. AthI ja phaijhane lyrisist revolutionary jevA virodhI zabdothI oLakhavAmAM AvyA haze. phaijhano avAja e mAnavajAtino avAja banI rahyo. emanI A vizvajanInatAne lIdhe mAtra pAkistAna ke bhAratamAM ja nahIM, balka raziyA, amerikA, briTana ane phrAMsamAM paNa samAna lokacAhanA pAmyA. thoDo samaya pAkistAnamAM saramukhatyArothI kaMTALIne teo bairutamAM rahevA gayA hatA. batano saMhAra phaijhanA hRdayane hacamacAvI gayo, ane emaNe e samaye lakheluM kAvya "philIstInI bacce ke liye lorI' atyaMta hRdayadrAvaka kAvya che. eka rIte joIe to phaijhe ikabAlanI ojasvI kalpanAne AtmasAt karI ane e evA laya ane raMgamAM rajU karI jethI jagatanI vyApaka vedanA emAM samAveza pAmI zake. jhamAM izka ane insAniyatano sumeLa che. enI gajhalo bhAvakane enI sRSTimAM lIna karI de tevI rasasaMtarpaka che to enI najama (kAvya) urdUnI sarvottama najamanI haroLamAM UbhI rahe tevI che. AthI e gajhala lakhavA jAya che tyAre emanI najamanI vizeSatA gajhalamAM suMdara kAvyarUpa dhAraNa kare che. phejhe urdU sAhityane ciMtana ane bhAvAbhivyaktinI navI Tekanika ApI, je yuganA yathArthane pragaTa karavA mATe kAragata nIvaDI. krUjhanA kAvyasaMgraho 'nakeze-phariyAdI' (1941), 'da-sabA' (1952), ' jindAMnAmA' (1959), 'dasta-tahe-saMga' 164 ] [] 135 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * (1964), 'sare-vAdiya-sInA' (1971), 'zAme-zahere-yArAM'(1978), 'sAre sukhuna hamAre' (1982) ane 'natA hai vaphA'(1984) maLe che. phaijha vicArottejaka nibaMdhakAra paNa hatA. emaNe sAhitya, saMskRti ane rAjakAraNanA AMtarasaMbaMdho vize mArmika vizleSaNa karyuM che tema ja yuddha ane zAMtinI samasyAo para gaMbhIra paryeSaNAo karI che. 'mIjhAna' (1963) e emano lekhasaMgraha che, to 'salIbeM mere darIce meM' (1971) e emanI patnI elisa phaijhane lakhelA patrono saMgraha che. 'pAkistAna TAimsa' ane 'imarojha' dvArA gaMbhIra patrakAratva ane ucca kakSAnuM saMpAdanakArya karyuM. vizvabaMdhutvanI bhAvanAne dRDha karavA ane zAMtiprayAsone vegavAna banAvavA mATe emaNe aneka dezonI yAtrA karI. agaNita mAnavonA hRdayamAM dharabAyelI vedanAne vAcA ApatA A kavi krAMtinuM elAna kare che. jyAM sudhI pRthvI para anyAya ane AtaMka pravarte che tyAM sudhI phaijhano akSaradeha marajIvAone krAMti ane vidrohanI preraNA pUrI pADaze. 16] 12 anokhI AtmakathA* maNilAla nabhubhAI dvivedInA AtmavRttAntanuM prakAzana 1979nA varSanI eka mahattvanI sAhityika ghaTanA che. ATha dAyakAthI dabAI rahelo eka agraNI sAhityakAre lakhelo dastAveja sauprathama pUrNa svarUpamAM prakAzamAM Ave che. tenI aMdara mUkelI hakIkata vize bhutakALamAM khUba UhApoha thayo, temAMthI sAmagrI vize ugra carcA cAlelI te keTale aMze vAjabI hatI, ne tenA lekhakane abhipreta hatuM tema, AjanI peDhI tenI phariyAdo sAMbhaLIne zo cukAdo Ape che te jANavAnuM prApta thaze. gujarAtI AtmacaritrasAhityanI e eka AgavI kRti to banI raheze, paraMtu temAM ethI ya kaMIka vizeSa sAmagrI paDelI che. maNilAla nabhubhAIno hetu to kAgaLiyAM para aMtarano Akroza ane akaLAmaNa utAravAno hato. potAnA jIvanamAM banI te hakIkato lakhavI joIe tema mAnIne, emaNe A Atmacaritra lakhyuM che. paraMtu e lakhatI vakhate * mazilAla nabhubhAI dvivedInuM AtmavRttAMta', saMpAdaka : DaoN. dhIrubhAI ThAkare; prakAzaka : navabhArata sAhitya maMdira, muMbaI ane amadAvAda: 1979; kiMmata rU. 21: pRSThasaMkhyA 245116: pArka pUMThuM. - 117 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * teo taTasthatA jALavI zakatA nathI. potAnA pUrvagraho ane rAgadveSone eTalA ne eTalA ja sajIva rAkhIne anubhavanuM kathana kare che. patnI ke pratipakSI vize to ThIka, paraMtu pitA ane mAtA vize paNa emanA ALA hRdayane thayelAM cakAmAM batAve che. mAnavInA manamAM kSaNika bhabhUkI UThatA rAgadveSa yA to kAmakrodhanuM ahIM Alekhana thayeluM che. vRttinA tAmasI jhaMjhAvAto jevA manamAM jAge che, evA ja ene Alekhe che. eka vAra je dalAbhAIne teo paropakArI kahe che, te ja dalAbhAI saMjogavazAt emanuM kAma nathI karatA to tarata ja ene vize halako abhiprAya ApI de che. potAno jUno abhiprAya ke lAMbA gADha saMbaMdha sAva bhUlI jAya che. prema ane tiraskAra e eka sikkAnI be bAju che. e hakIkata maNilAla ane tribhuvanadAsa gajjara vaccenI maitrIgAMThamAM jovA maLe che. bannenA vicAro ghaNA judA hatA. zrI tribhuvanadAsa gajjara buddhipUta vicArone mAnanArA hatA, jyAre maNilAlane dharma ane purANamAM zraddhA hatI. baMnenI maitrI paNa eTalI ja vilakSaNa rahI. maNilAlano tiraskAra karatA hovA chatAM zrI tribhuvanadAsa gajjara Agraha rAkhatA ke maNilAla muMbaI Ave tyAre emane tyAM ja Utare ! paraMtu e pachI baMne vacce caDabhaDa thatI ane ekabIjAno tiraskAra karatA. eka vAra to maNilAla gussAmAM potAno sAmAna laIne cAlavA mAMDe che. maNilAlane rahevAno zrI tribhuvanadAsa gajjara Agraha kare kharA, paNa emanI thALI judI rAkhe. Ama prema ane tiraskAranI sAva virodhI raMgachAyA dharAvato A maitrIsaMbaMdha vilakSaNa hato. maNilAla nabhubhAIe A AtmakathAmAM potAnA gupta AcAra athavA to strIo sAthenA anAcArabharyA saMbaMdhonuM nikhAlasabhAve satyakathana karyuM che, paNa ghaNI sthULa rIte. khANamAMthI sIdhesIdhuM sonuM kADhayuM hoya ane enA para mATInA aneka thara jAmelA hoya tevuM A satyakathana lAge che, jyAre gAMdhIjInI AtmakathAmAM e anubhavonuM bayAna tapAveluM sonuM hoya ema lAge che. maNilAla ane gAMdhIjI baMnee nikhAlasabhAve Atmakathana karyuM che, paraMtu gAMdhIjI enuM Alekhana anutApapUrvaka kare che; evuM maNilAlamAM bhAgye ja jovA maLe che. 0 168 ] * anokhI AtmakathA * maNilAlanA sAhityasarjana sAthe emanA jIvanamAM dekhAtI kurUpatAno meLa besADavAnI eka cAvI 'sudarzana gadyAvali'mAM maLe che. teo kahe che ke ApaNI AcAra che, te ApaNA maryatvano aMza che, jyAre ApaNA vicAre che, te aizvaryano aMza che. vicAra ane AcAra baMne ucca hoya te uttama vastu; paraMtu mAnavInA AcAra bhulAI jAya che, enA vicAra ja pAchaLa rahI jAya che. AthI mAnavInuM sAcuM mUlyAMkana enA AcAra parathI nahIM paNa vicAra parathI thavuM joIe. saMpAdake sUcavyuM che tema maNilAla nabhubhAIe anya saMdarbhamAM rajU karelo A vicAra emanA jIvananA mUlyAMkananA saMdarbhamAM vicAravA jevo gaNAya. gAMdhIjI jIvatA hatA tyAre emanA AcAra para paNa sahunI najara rahetI. gAMdhIjInA gayA pachI e AcAra adRzya thayA che; mAtra emanA vicAro ja emanI pAse rahyA che. AcAra e zarIranI kriyAmAMthI Ubho thato AkAra che. vicAra to mAnavIya cetanAno aMza hovAthI a-kSara che. maNilAlamAM AcAra dUSita ane vicAra tarkazuddha ane vizuddha, evo dekhAI Ave tevo virodha hovAthI emanA jIvana para vadhu paDato bhAra mukavAmAM Ave che. pratyeka vyaktinA jIvanamAM AcAra ane vicAranuM thoDuM daita to hoya che ja. dareka vyaktinA AcAra enA vicAranI koTi sudhI pahoMcI zakatA nathI. keTalAkamAM e visaMvAda ghero dekhAto nathI, jyAre maNilAlanA dAkhalAmAM ApaNane te vadhu paDato ghero dekhAya che. vaLI mAnavI cArebAju viSamatAthI gherAyo hoya tyAre e viSamatAthI enAmAM kevI mAnasika ane zArIrika nabaLAI Ave eno to je anubhava kare ene ja khyAla Ave. patnI, mitro, sobata ane zerInuM vAtAvaraNa - e badhAMmAMthI maLelA kusaMskAro te kaI rIte bhUlI zake ? 'smaraNayAtrA'mAM bAlyakALane AlekhatAM kAkAsAhebe kahyuM che ke e umare to smaraNo zilAlekha jevA banI jAya che, maNilAlanA uchere emanI saMskArasaMpatti para gherI asara pADI che. A AtmavRttAMtamAM maNilAlanuM chellAM traNa varSanuM AtmavRttAMta maLatuM nathI. maNilAla pAchaLanAM varSomAM yoganI sAdhanA karatA hatA. ApaNA kavicitrakAra phUlacaMda zAhe paNa enI noMdha lIdhI che. chellAM traNa varSanuM e AtmavRttAMta 0 169 ]

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* zabdasamIpa maLyuM hoya to maNilAlanuM kharuM svarUpa athavA to emanAmAM AveluM parivartana kadAca jovA maLata. * AcAra ane vicAranuM dvaita e kadAca emanA jamAnAnuM paNa lakSaNa hoI zake. vikToriyana yugamAM bAhya ane AMtarajIvana parasparathI sAva bhinna hoya tevuM banatuM; kAraNa ke e yugamAM daMbha ane DhAMkapichoDAthI potAnA sAcA vyaktitvane chupAvavAno moTA mANaso prayatna karatA hatA. maNilAlanI eTalI vizeSatA kharI ke emaNe potAnA badhA doSone kAgaLa para mUkIne AcArya AnaMdazaMkara dhruve kahyuM che tema aghamarSaNa karI dIdhuM che. mAtra emanuM aizvarya eTale ke vicArasaMpatti ane sAhityasaMpatti ja ApaNI pAse rahe che. Ama AtmavRttAMtanI eka khUbI e gaNI zakAya ke AmAM kyAMka potAnA mahattAnAM guNagAna, baDAza ke AtmaprazaMsA jovA maLatAM nathI. zrI munazI ane evA bIjA ghaNA ApaNA AtmacaritrakAro AmAMthI bacI zakyA nathI. tenAthI maNilAla mukta rahI zakyA che. narmada 'mArI hakIkata'mAM je na karI zakyo, te maNilAle karI batAvyuM che. ghaNI vAra AtmacaritrakAra amuka nakazAne sAme rAkhIne potAnuM Atmacaritra lakhato hoya che. potAnA vartamAnanA saMdarbhamAM bhUtakALane mUlavavAno prayAsa kare che. bhUtakALanuM sAtatya vartamAnamAM batAvavA koziza kare che. mahAna vyakti pote mahAna banI tenA kAraNarUpe bALapaNathI ja mahAnatAnAM bIja enAmAM rahelAM hatAM ema batAve evuM paNa bane che. jyAre ahIM vartamAna bhUtakALa karatAM taddana viparIta hovA chatAM, jevo che tevo potAno bhUtakALa Apyo che. mANasanI kalpanA jyAM na pahoMce, tyAM satya pahoMce che, eno uttama dAkhalo maNilAlanuM A AtmavRttAMta che. AvI vyakti taddana nimnakakSAnI strI sAthe vyabhicAra kare tenI kalpanA paNa thaI zakatI nathI. jenI kalpanA paNa na karIe, tevA vaLAMko maNilAlanA jIvanamAM jovA maLe che. A AtmakathAmAM maNilAlanuM nikhAlasa kathana maLe che. bIjAne vize nikhAlasa thavuM saraLa che, kiMtu potAnA vize nikhAlasa thavuM agharuM kAma che. paNa AthI mAtra Ane aitihAsika mUlya dharAvatuM AtmavRttAMta kahIne aTakIzuM nahIM. - 170] anokhI AtmakathA - AmAM eka prakArano AMtarasaMgharSa jovA maLe che. e AMtarasaMgharSa AtmasaMzodhanamAM pariNamato nathI e sAcuM, paraMtu e AMtarasaMgharSa potAne je kakSAe thayo hoya te kakSAe rahIne, jevo thayo hoya tevo Alekhyo che. A AMtarasaMgharSanuM Alekhana karIne maNilAla gUMgaLAmaNano chuTakAro anubhave che. A AtmavRttAMtamAM Atmadarzanano koI hetu che ja nahi. mAtra pachI AvanArA jamAnA AgaLa potAnI phariyAda rajU karavAno uddeza che. . ahIM potAnI pratiSThAne bhoge nikhAlasa kathanano prayoga thayo che. gAMdhIjInI AtmakathAmAM samakAlIna vyaktionAM rekhAcitro maLe che, temAM gAMdhIjIe ghaNI takedArI rAkhI che. ghaNI vAra teo nAma ApyA vagara lakhe che. koI paNa vyaktinA cAritryane DAgha lAge nahi tenI sAvadhAnI rAkhe che. maNilAla gAMdhIjI jeTalI ahiMsAnI paravA karatA nathI. mAtra satya para ja emanI najara ane nema TharelI che. A satya haMmezAM suMdara hoya tevo emano Agraha nathI. satyanuM eka lakSaNa emAM raheluM agnitattva che. je ene sparze te dAjhe evuM AmAM aneka sthAne jovA maLe che. maNilAlanI bhASAzailI paNa dhyAna kheMce che. A AtmavRttAMta e khAnagI vizraMbhakathA che. eTale emAM bhASAnI ziSTatAne opa na hoya e svAbhAvika che. maNilAla pAse je bhASAprabhutva hatuM te jotAM to ema kahI zakAya ke A AtmavRttAMta te vadhu sArI bhASAmAM lakhI zakyA hota, paraMtu khAnagI vAtacItamAM bhASAnuM je prAkRta svarUpa pragaTa thAya che, e svarUpa emaNe yathAvat rAkhyuM che. vedAMtanI carcA karanAra ane tarkazuddha vicAro rajU karanAra maNilAla potAnA AcaraNano bacAva karavA 'abhedamAM zarIrasaMbaMdha pApakartA nathI' evo upadeza Ape che, temAM emanuM vikRta mAnasa jovA maLe che. vivekAnaMda jevA jene mAna Ape, videzamAM vyAkhyAnomAM jemane nimaMtraNa maLe, meksamUlara jevAno je prativAda kare evI vyakti eka bAju bauddhika stara para UMDu ciMtana kare ane bIjI bAju enA zarIranI bhUkha evI ke je ene prAkRtatAnI UMDI gartAmAM utArI de che ! samAjazAstrI, mAnasazAstrI ane seksolaoNjisTa mATe maNilAlanuM AtmavRttAMta saMzodhananI moTI sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. paraMtu ethIya vadhu to A AtmavRttAMta e ApaNA navalakathAkAro ane nATyakAro mATe paDakArarUpa che. Q 171]

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'dhUmaketu'no sthira prakAza * zabdasamIpa * gujarAtamAM TrejeDInuM vastu nathI ema kahevAya che, paNa AnAthI vadhu TrejeDInI sAmagrI bhAgye ja bIjuM koI sthaLethI maLI zake ! maNilAla para divALIbAIe lakhelA premapatro uparanI vAtanA samarthanamAM jovA jevo che. eka strI sAthe premasaMbaMdha bAMdhyo. tenI bevaphAIno anubhava thatAM koI strI sAthe evo saMbaMdha nahIM bAMdhavAno nirNaya kare che e ja vakhate divALIbAInA premapatro Ave che. maNilAla tenAthI vimukha rahevAno prayatna kare che tema te strIno prema temanA para vadhu ne vadhu DhaLato jAya che ! chevaTe tene premanI philasUphI samajAve che ane teno aMgIkAra kare te pahelAM to te strI piyuvirahamAM mRtyu pAme che ! jene potAnuM mAnyuM te potAnuM thayuM nahIM ane jenAthI dUra rahevA gayA te niHsvArtha prema dAkhavIne svArpaNa karI gayuM ! tene pote oLakhI zakyA nahIM eno UMDo ghA maNilAlanA hRdayamAM lAgyo. AnA jevI bIjI TrejeDI kaI hoI zake ? vaLI A premapatronI bhASAmAM rasikatA, komaLatA ne sacoTatA che te sAhityika dRSTie noMdhapAtra che. gujarAtI sAhityamAM premapatro, navalakathAnAM pAtroe lakhelA hoya tene bAda karIe to, vAstavika svarUpamAM bhAgye ja jovA maLaze. ( kalApI paranA haju pragaTa thayelo nathI.) A saMjogomAM divALIbAInA patronuM ApaNA sAhityamAM AgavuM sthAna gaNAvuM joIe. A graMthano e eka kImatI aMza che. chevaTe mUkelAM TippaNo abhyAsIone upayogI sucano, TIkAo ne saMdarbho pUrAM pADe che. saMpAdake AnI pahelAM maNilAlanI gadyapadya kRtionAM aneka saMpAdano upalabdha karI ApyAM che. A kRtinuM saMpAdana te saunA ziramora jevuM che. I. sa. 1926mAM 'taNakhA maMDaLa-1' pragaTa thatAM gujarAtI navalikA vicAra, viSaya, lAgaNI ane sahaanubhUtinA navA phalaka para prayANa Adare che. agAunI bhadra ane sukhI samAja AsapAsa vIMTaLAyelI, dAgI-takiye besIne vicAratA praznone carcatI ke vAgoLatI tema ja samAjasudhArAnA samarthanAthe ke kyAreka pracArArthe prayojAtI navalikAnI trijyA dhUmaketunA A vArtAsaMgrahathI vistare che. aitihAsika dRSTie joIe to gujarAtI navalikAmAM malayAnila'nI 'govAlaNI" jevI eka-be vArtAo maLatI hatI ane jyAre kanaiyAlAla munazI, dhanasukhalAla mahetA kAcI-pAkI TUMkI vArtAono phAla ApatA hatA tyAre dhUmaktae emanI navalikAmAM dhvanitattvanI mAvajata, pramANabhAne, pAtranAM vartano vaccenI susaMgatatA vize sau prathama sabhAnatA dAkhavI. romenTika zailI dharAvatA A bhAvanAzALI sarjaka pAtro ane paristhitinI eka navI ja mugdhatAbharI raMgIna sRSTino paricaya karAvyo. sarjakanI saMvedanAnI vizALa vyAptine kAraNe ja nAnIzI kaDI samo A sAhityakAra eka moTA mArganuM rUpa dhAraNa kare che. lekhakanA gahana ane vyApaka samabhAvane kAraNe ja nimna ke sAmAnya gaNAtA mAnavInI jhaLahaLatI cittasamRddhi AlekhAI che. sAva nIcalA tharanA mAnavIonI vyathA, D 173 ] 172

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* zabdasamIpa * vedanA, mUMjhavaNa, AghAta, mAnasika saMgharSa ane emanA thatA zoSaNane abhivyakta kare che. lekhakanI najara mAtra sabhyatAnA sImADAnI bahAranA gaNAtA evA upekSita samAja pUratI ja maryAdita rahI nathI, paraMtu zrImaMtonA ke rAjavIonA jIvanane paNa AvarI le che. tAjanI AsapAsanA raMgIna, ramaNIya ane mulAyama vAtAvaraNanI sAthe sAthe traNa daravAjAnI AsapAsa haratIpharatI kaMgAliyata paNa ahIM rajU thaI che. emanI najara posTa ophisa, zAka mArakITa ane relave kaoNliMganI jhUMpaDIthI vaizAlInagarInI AmrapAlInA vaibhavI AvAsa sudhI pahoMce che. naMdAgiri, vArANasI ane pRthvI para svarga samAM prakAzatA satalaja kinArAnA pradezathI mAMDIne cheka vezyAgRha vArtApravAhanA vahananI bhUmi bane che. dhUmaketunA AgamanathI gujarAtI navalikAmAM sthaLa ane kALanuM mAtabara vaividhya Ave che. emanAM sthaLavarNano navalikAnuM eka abhinna aMga banI jAya che. 'kalpanAnI mUrtio' ke 'pRthvI ane svargamAMthI varNano gALI nAkhIe to navalikAnuM nIrasa hADapiMjara ja maLe. kALanA vaividhyane joIe to pRthvI ane svargamAM jagatanI bAlyAvasthAno ramaNIya kALa, 'AtmAnAM AMsu mAM vaizAlInA lokataMtrano samaya, 'kesarI vAghA' ke 'tAraNahAra mAM madhyakALanI rajapUtI vIratA, ane ' govidanuM khetara mAM gAmaDAMonI zahera bhaNI doTano samaya AlekhAyo che. dhUmaketunI vArtAsRSTimAM AlekhAyelo samAja paNa vaividhyasabhara che. emanI vAstava dRSTi ane romenTika vyaktitvamAMthI jAgelI bhAvanAo tathA kalpanAnA baLe teo vaividhyasabhara pAtro Ape che. emanI 'goviMdanuM khetara' e pAchaLathI ghUghavatA pUra samA banelA grAmajIvanaviSayaka kavanonI prAraMbhakRti gaNAya. sarjakanuM bhAvuka hRdaya 'kalpanAnI mUrtio', 'sonerI paMkhI' ke 'pRthvI ane svarga 'nA viSayo zodhI lAve che to emanI vAstava dRSTi bhIkhuM, govida, bhaiyAdAdA, alI kocamena, vAghajI mocI, jumo bhistI jevAM pAtro sarje che. A navalikAomAM udAra, vyApaka ane mAnavatAthI dhabakatI praNayabhAvanAo Alekhe che. emanI navalikAo kalAprIti, kudarataprIti, bhUmiprIti, prANIprIti ane mAnavaprItinA judA judA vivartAnI sAttvika prabhA pragaTAve che. tyAga, balidAna, samarpaNa, vaphAdArI ane prAyazcitta jevI bhAvanAonuM asAdhAraNa UmimayatAthI evuM to svAgata kare che ke A navalikAomAM koI purogAmI vArtAkAramAM na anubhavAyo hoya evo karuNarasa anubhavAya che. Ama aitihAsika dRSTie joIe to dhUmaketunuM Agamana navalikAkSetre keTalIya navI dizA ane zakyatAone ughADI Ape che ane emanI navalikAomAM Agavo cIlo pADavAnuM sAmarthya paNa che. 0 174 ] * 'dhUmaketu'no sthira prakAza * dhUmaketu pahelAM zrI kanaiyAlAla munazI jevA samartha sarjake "mArI kamalA ne bIjI vAto' jevo navalikAsaMgraha Apyo hato, paNa munazI jevA saraLa kathanarIti dharAvanAra vArtAkAra pAse paNa TUMkIvArtA kaLAnuM rUpa pAmatI nathI. munazIe 'zAmaLazAno vivAha' jevI vArtAo dvArA kaTAkSa, vakrokti ane vyaMgano Azaro laIne sAmAjika sudhAraNAno saMdeza Apyo. munazInuM dhyAna mAtra kathana para che, jyAre dhUmaketunI najara saMyojana para che. munazI zAmaLazAnA varaghoDAnuM ke junavANI nIti-rItimAM mAnatA gomatIdAdAnuM ThaThThAcitra Ape che, paNa dhUmakta ethI vadhu suma vArtAba dharAve che. posTa ophisanI vAta kare to alIDosAnA pAtrane kendramAM rAkhIne enI cetanA UpasI Ave te rIte ghaTanAnuM nirUpaNa kare che. ApaNe tyAM satata evuM sAmya batAvAyuM che ke gAMdhIyugano vizALa samabhAva jema 2. va. desAIe navalakathAmAM jhIlyo, e ja rIte, TUMkIvArtAmAM dhUmaketue jhIlI batAvyo che. paraMtu 2. va. desAI ane dhUmaketuno grAmajIvana taraphano abhigama sAva nokho che. 2. va. desAIe "grAmalakSmI mAM gAmaDAnI Arthika sthiti, khetI, ijanerIthI pANI laI javuM jevI Arthika uddhAranI vAta karI che. mahAtmA gAMdhIjInI grAmoddhAranI bhAvanAnI vadhu najIka 2. va. desAI che. jyAre dhUmatu grAmajIvana tarapha judo abhigama dharAve che. eka prakAranuM romenTika lekhakane chAje tevuM mugdhatAsabhara 'imozanala eTaMcamenTa' dharAve che. AthI ja lekhakane muMbaInAM saMtarAM ane mosaMbI rogiSTha lAge che ane gAmaDAmAM maLatAM chAza ane dUdha indrane paNa durlabha lAge che. hakIkatamAM udyogIkaraNane pariNAme zaheranuM AkarSaNa vadhyuM ane zaheranI juddha ja prakAranI samasyAoe zaheravirodhI lAgaNI janmAvI. AthI dhUmaketue emanI navalikAomAM gAmaDAM sArAM, khetI sArI ane gAmaDAnA loko paNa eTalA ja sArA. jyAre zahera naThArAM, nokarI kharAba ane zaherIo svArthI evA amuka samAjamAM pracalita khyAlanuM pakSapAta sAthe Alekhana karyuM che. mahAtmA gAMdhIjI gAmaDAmAM je che te badhuM ja sAruM che tema mAnatA nahotA. paraMtu sAmAjika ane Arthika parivartana karIne grAmoddhAra karavA mAgatA hatA. dhUmaketue gAmaDAnI mAtra 'hyumana sAiDa' ja joI che, 'soziyala sAIDa' nahIM. gAmaDAmAM kurUDhi hoya, aMdhazraddhA hoya ke strIone trAsa thato hoya evuM nirUpaNa dhUmaketunI navalikAomAM javalle ja jovA maLe che. e jovAnuM emanuM prayojana paNa nathI. e ja rIte niraMjana bhagatanAM 'pravAladvIpa' kAvyomAM je nagarasaMskRtinuM Alekhana che eno AraMbha ghaNAne dhUmaketumAM jaNAya che. dhUmaketu evA pahelA 15 |

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* zabdasamIpa * sarjaka che, jemaNe nagarasaMskRtinI yAMtrikatA ane enA mAnavatAvihoNA vartananI vAta karI. 2. va. desAIe grAmajIvana ane nagarajIvananI AvI tulanA karI nathI, jyAre dhUmaketu kyAMka gherA raMgathI paNa nagarasaMskRtinI viSamatA darzAve che. harizcaMdra bhaTTa ke prahlAda pArekhanAM kAvyomAM kvacit ane niraMjana bhagatanA 'pravAladvIpa'nAM kAvyomAM vizeSa AvI paristhitinuM mArmika Alekhana che, paNa dhUmaketunuM nagara ane niraMjana bhagatanuM nagara juduM che. niraMjana bhagata to nagara karatAM vizeSe mahAnagaranI saMskRtinuM Alekhana kare che, jyAre dhUmaketuno gAmaDAM pratyeno pakSapAta nagarasaMskRti taraphanA pUrvagrahamAM pariName che. dhUmaketune ApaNe bhAvanAzALI sarjaka kahIne emanI priya bhAvanAno mahimA ghaNo gAyo che. ghaNI vAra kaeNlenDara enuM e rahe ane tArIkha badalAtI jAya ema dhUmaketumAM bhAva, vicAra, lAgaNI ane kayitavya eka ja hoya che. mAtra nAma, prasaMga ke pAtra badalAtAM hoya che. jema ke sthaLapremane AlekhatI 'bhaiyAdAdA' ane 'janmabhUmino tyAga' ke kalAprema ke mAnavapremanuM dvaMdva nirUpatI 'kalpanAnI mUrtio' ane 'mazahUra gavaiyo' athavA to atRpta vAsanAne viSaya karatI 'akhaMDa jyota' ane 'kesarI vAghA' - A vArtAonA vAghA judA che, paNa AtmA eka ja che. AthI dhUmaketunI vArtAomAM najare paDatuM vaividhya uparachalluM che, aMdaranuM nathI. dhUmaketunAM pAtro potAnI koI ne koI dhUnamAM racyAMpacyAM hoya che. e dhUna, e Teka ke e Adarzano bhaMga sevavAne badale A pAtro prANatyAga karavo bahetara mAne che. bhaiyAdAdA, indramaNi ke vidhuzekhara potAnI bhAvanA ke Adarzane tyajavAne badale jIvanano aMta ANI de che. Ama chatAM ahIM paNa lekhakanA darzananI ekAgratA pragaTa thAya che. kalA, bhUmi ke prANIne mATe bhoga ApanArAM pAtro dhUmaketumAM maLaze, paraMtu bauddhika mUlyane khAtara bhoga ApanArA mAnavInI samarpaNagAthA dhUmaketumAM jaDaze nahIM. prema, tyAga, pazcAttApa, samarpaNa jevA bhAvone pragaTa karatAM jIvananAM rAgAvegapUrNa citro ahIM maLe che. paNa viSayo amuka kuMDALAmAM ja rahyA hovAthI jIvananI bIjI ghaNI bAjuo vaNasparzAyelI rahe che. jIvana pratye bhAvanAprerita abhigama hovAthI vAstavika viSaya hoya topaNa enuM Alekhana dhUmaketunI kalame bhAvanAlakSI banI jAya che. emano vizeSa rasa vyaktinuM jIvana AlekhavAmAM che. AthI ja emanAM pAtromAM jIvana - 176] 'dhUmaketu'no sthira prakAza * taraphanA AdarzavAdI dRSTikoNanI sAthe lAgaNIno Avega ane bhAvanAono dhasamasATa che. paraMtu pAtra koI Adarza mATe maMthana anubhavatuM nathI. e ja rIte Adarza siddha karavA jIvana sAme jhajhUmavA ke bAkhaDavAne badale e samarpaNano mArga vadhu pasaMda kare che. A pAtro kharekhara to Adarzane svIkRta gaNIne ja enA tarapha gati kare che. jIvananI beDoLatA ke kadarUpApaNuM dhUmaketue joyuM haze paraMtu emanI jIvanadRSTine anurUpa hoya teTaluM ja le che. pariNAme dhUmaketumAM amuka prakAranuM AghAtajanaka vastu, ghaTanA, pAtra ke aMta maLatAM nathI. dhUmaketunI bhAvanAzIlatA ghaNI kRtiomAM tATasthyane hAni pahoMcADe che. lAgaNInI parAkASThA AlekhavA jatAM kyAreka emAM ghelachA AlekhAI jAya che. nensI heIle dha riyAliTIjha oNpha phikzana'mAM noMdhyuM che ke sarjakanA AMtarika taraMgavyApAra ke kalpanAvyApAranuM ghaNuM mahattva che. A kalpanAvyApArane teo vArtAnA viSayavastuo mATenuM garbhasthAna lekhe che. paraMtu kevaLa kalpanAvyApArathI vArtAnuM ghaDatara thavuM joIe ema e sUcavavA mAgatA nathI. emanI dRSTie to vArtAnA viSayavastu bAhya vAstavikatA ane AMtarika taraMgasRSTinA AtmalagnanA pariNAmarUpa hoya che. e baMnenuM yogya pramANamAM saMyojana karavAnI vAta nensI heIla kare che. AvA saMyojananA abhAve dhUmaketunI keTalIka vArtAonI bhAvanApradhAna lAgaNImayatA surucivALA bhAvakane kaThe che. alI kocamena, sAvitrI, pyAremohana, vAghajI mocI, vidhuzekhara, indramaNi ke jumo bhistI AnAM udAharaNa che. 'posTa oNphisa'mAM patra na AvavAnuM kAraNa keTaluM dhUMdhaLuM che ! dhUmaketunI keTalIka vArtAonuM prayojana barAbara spaSTa thatuM nathI. 'janmabhUmino tyAga' navalikAnuM zIrSaka, AraMbha ane aMta jotAM ema lAge ke lekhaka bhUmipremanI kathA kahevA cAhe che, paraMtu vArtAnI vacce AvatI bIjI ghaTanAo Arthika ane sAmAjika bAbato tarapha lakSa dore che. AnAthI vAtAvaraNanA karuNane vadhu uThAva maLe che. paNa AmAMnI koI bAbata bhUmiprema batAvavA upakAraka banatI nathI. ekasAthe be vArtA cAlatI hoya tevuM lAgavAthI nalikA pAchaLano hetu taravarato rahevAne badale bIjI vAta nIce dabAI jAya che. dhUmaketunAM keTalAMka pAtro eTalAM badhAM baLavAna che ke ApaNA mAnasapaTa para ciraMjIva chApa mUkI jAya che. bhaiyAdAdA, AnaMdamohana, jumo bhistI, sumeru ane bhIkhu jevAM pAtro emanA svabhAvanI lAkSaNika chaTAne kAraNe baLavAna banyAM che. kyAreka pAtranuM pratIkAtmaka vartana enA svabhAvavizeSane khUbIthI pragaTa kare che. 'bhaiyAdAdA'mAM netaranI soTIthI kAMkarI uDADato adhikArI athavA Q 177 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * potAnA bhAMDuone khAtara jUThuM bolato bhIkhu AnAM dRSTAMto che. 'hRdayapalaTomAM 'AlukA zAka'nI vAta atyaMta hRdayasparzI banI che. kyAreka nAyaka sivAyanAM pAtro vAtAvaraNa jamAvavAmAM sakriya madadarUpa banyAM che. 'bhaiyAdAdAmAM panI ane bilADInAM baccAM vAtAvaraNanA mArdavamAM vadhAro kare che. to 'jumo bhistImAM abola veNu pADo ane 'akhaMDa jyota "mAM zAstrI gaMgAprasAda potAnA AgavA vyaktitvanI lakIra mUkI jAya che. dhUmaketunAM pAtromAM bhAgye ja koI pAtranA svabhAvanI vidhavidha chaTAo ane lAkSaNikatAo AlekhAI che. 'dha zaoNrTa sTorI'mAM zaoN oN' phlaoN (Sean 0' Faolain) sarjakanA vyaktitvane vArtAsarjananA kendramAM mUke che. mANasa lakhe che te viSayane nahi, paNa potAne evuM vidhAna paNa zaoN oN' phlaoN kare che. zaoN oN' phlaoN jAdugara sAthe vArtAkArane sarakhAvIne potAno muddo spaSTa karatAM kahe che ke jAdugarano jAdu e hoya che ke e lokone adRSTa thatAM dekhADe che. vArtAkArano jAdu e hoya che ke e lokone duSTa kare che, eTale ke pote lokonI vArtA kahe che ema e dekhADe paNa hakIkatamAM potAnA vyaktitvanuM e saMgopana karato hoya che. dhUmaketunI vArtAmAM AvuM vyaktitvanuM nigaraNa jovA maLatuM nathI, ba9 navalikAnA kalevarane hAni pahoMcADe tevI rIte emanI mAnyatAo, Agraho ane ardhasatya AvyAM che. lekhakane jUnavaTa mATeno Adara vadhu to navAM vaheNonA tiraskAra dvArA pragaTa thAya che. 'goviMdanuM khetara mAM bhAgIrathInA mukhe lekhakanuM manogata phuTa rIte vyakta thAya che. bhAgIrathI kahe che, "beTA ! o prakRtinuM sauMdarya, khetaranI svAdhInatA, lIlI vADI ne jiMdagInI tAjagI khoI, yaMtronA moha mAM zaheramAM ApaghAta karavAno pATha koNa ApI rahyuM che ? zuM gAmaDAM bhikhArI thaze, ne zahero gulAma thaze e A saMskRtinuM dhyeya che ?" | 'jumo bhistI mAM paNa lekhake zaherI juvAnane jhapaTamAM laIne zaherI saMskRtinI TIkA karavAnI eka taka cUkatA nathI. ghaNI vAra to dhUmaketunI upamAo paNa emanA Agrahane pragaTa karI detI hoya che. 'bhaiyAdAdAne aMte Avato yaMtrasaMskRti taraphano emano roSa to vArtAnA ghATane roLI nAkhe che. eka evI mAnyatA sAmAnyapaNe pravarte che ke dhUmaketunuM jIvanadarzana pokaLa che, khoTuM che. koI paNa sarjakanA jIvanadarzanane ke enA idealismne khoTuM kahI na zakAya. pratyeka idealism nokhuM nokhuM hoya ane enI sAme koI vAMdho na 78 ] * 'dhUmaketu'no cira prakAza * laI zake. kharekhara to dhUmaketu jIvanadarzana ke idealismnI tAravaNI mATe sAcA prameyo racavAmAM 'goviMdanuM khetara' ke "pRthvI ane svarga' jevI navalikAomAM niSphaLa gayA che, ema kahevuM joIe. sarjakanuM idealism ke jIvanadarzana ane dictate kare tyAre kalAkRtine hAni thAya che. AthI bhAvake to idealism vArtA dvArA kalAtmaka rIte phulita thAya che ke nahIM, te ja jovAnuM rahyuM. saMgItamAM AtmAne jagADavAnI tAkAta jotI, karNATakanI mUrtimAna sarasvatI jevI tArA iMdramaNinA saMgIta para ovArI jaIne enI jIvanasAthI bane che ane pachI munImanI vAtone mAnI le tathA sAraMgIne potAnI zaoNkya mAnavA lAge, evuM pAchale page cAlatuM parivartana zakya che kharuM ? AmrapAlIno strItvano khyAla , enI zarato, eno dezaprema, biMbisAra sAtheno saMbaMdha ane putratyAga saheje meLa dharAvatAM nathI. dhUmaketune bhAvanA, prasaMga ke lAgaNImAM jeTalo rasa che eTalo e dvArA pragaTa thatA jIvananAM balAbalomAM nathI. AthI emanAM pAtro type banI gayAM che. pAtramAnasanAM staro ukheDavAne badale ke enA vyaktitvamAM avagAhana karAvavAne badale bhAvakanA hAthamAM mAtra prasaMga rahI jAya che. 'tAraNahAra ' ane 'kesarI vAghA" jevI vArtAomAM tema ja dolatanA pAtrane anuSaMge prasaMga vadhu UpasyA che ane pAtra jhAMkhAM paDI gayAM che. keTalAMka pAtronuM mAnasaparivartana kamika rIte nahIM, paNa nikaTanA snehInA viyoga ke mRtyuthI thAya che. putrIviyogathI alI ane mAtApitAnA mRtyuthI AnaMdamohanamAM parivartana Ave che. AvI haiyApalaTAnI kathAmAM garviSTha dulArI ane vezyA banelI kuMtInA parivartananI kathA nokhI bhAta pADe che. mAtRpremanI AcIse jAgrata banelI tInI vAtsalyadhArA tamAma avarodhane vaTAvIne codhAra vahe che. vArtAnA ghATano vicAra karIe to 'jumo bhistI', 'bhIkhu', 'ratano DholI' ane aMtane bAda karatAM 'bhaiyAdAdA' suzliSTa racanA gaNI zakAya. TenikanI vizeSatAnI dRSTie 'arIso' navalikA vilakSaNa gaNAya, jemAM nAkho kathApravAha arIsA para ja vahe che. 'tAraNahAra', 'madabhara nainA', 'AtmAnAM AMsu', 'kesarI vAghA' ane 'sonerI paMkhI' jevI navalikAomAMthI thoDuM gALI nAkhyuM hota to enA kalAghATanI surekhatA ora vadhI gaI hota. 'bhaiyAdhadAmAM bhaiyAnI parokSa upasthitithI thato vArtAprAraMbha noMdhapAtra gaNAya. dhUmaketunA purogAmIo ane samakAlIno navalikAmAM pratyeka vigata eTalI 179 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * mUrta banAvIne mUkatA ke vAcakane kazuM vicAravAnuM rahetuM ja nahIM. sarjaka bhAvakanI AMgaLI jhAlIne ene vArtA pradezamAM dorato. AthI sahRdayanI zaktine paDakAra ke AhvAna thatuM nahIM, paNa dhUmaketunI navalikA vizenI vibhAvanA A viSayamAM sArI evI sujha dharAvanArI che. teo kahe che : "navalakathA je kahevAnuM hoya te kahI nAkhe che. TUMkIvArtA kalpanA ane lAgaNIo jugAvIne je kahevAnuM hoya teno mAtra dhvani ja - taNakho ja - mUke che." paraMtu dhUmaketunuM sarjana emanI A vibhAvanAne kyAMka cAtarI jAya che. lalitamohana ane sukezI jevAM pAtronI sUtrAtmaka uktimAMthI navalikAnuM rahasyodghATana thaI jAya che. 'akhaMDa jyota' ke 'goviMdanuM khetara' jevI vArtAo to rahasyanI khIMTI para TAMgelA DagalA jevI banI gaI che. TUMkIvArtAe to dhvani ja - taNakho ja - mUkavAno, evI samaja dharAvanArA sarjaka dhUmaketu vAcakane saheje AyAsa ke zrama na karavo paDe eTalI hade kethayitavyane pragaTa kema karatA haze ? zuM bhAvaka vizenI emanI zraddhA ochI haze ? AmAM bhAvakanI zaktinA apamAnanI sAthesAthe sarjakane khuda potAnAmAM ocho vizvAsa lAge che. e game te hoya, paNa bhAvakano 'avyakta madhura' khoLavAno AnaMda to harI ja le che ! 'taNakhA maMDaLa 4'nI prastAvanAmAM dhUmaketu lakhe che ke keTalIka vakhata navalikAnuM saudaryadarzana eka ja vAkyamAM thatuM hoya che. dhUmaketunI vArtAomAMthI A 'eka ja vAkya" lekhaka pote bolIne vArtAnA hArdane anAvRtta karI de che. kyAreka vArtAnA aMte lAMbA gadyakhaMDa paNa AvI rIte ja laTakAvelA hoya che. A samaye jayaMti dalAlanI eka vAta yAda Ave che. teoe kahyuM hatuM ke dhUmaketue kumAra kAryAlayamAM 'taNakhA maMDaLa 1" chapAvavA ApyuM tyAre temAMthI dareka vArtAne aMte emAMthI nIkaLato sAra lakhyo hato. zrI bacubhAI rAvate enuM saMpAdana karatI veLAe Avo sAra kADhI nAkhyo hato. dhUmaketunA gadya aMge navesarathI vicAra karavAnI jarUra che. dhUmaketunA gadyamAM laya, coTa, utkaTatA ane citrAtmaktA che ane chatAMya durbodhatA nathI. saLaMga vahetA jharaNA jevuM emanuM gadya che. emAM tarka karatAM UrminuM baLa vizeSa pragaTa thAya che. kazIya vAgmitAno Azraya lIdhA vinA dhUmaketunuM gadya sUtrAtmaka ane kAvyamaya banI zake che. kavivara ravIndranAtha TAgora, khalila jibrAna ane umara khayyAmanA raMgadarzI adhyAtmano emAM aNasAra jovA maLe che. gujarAtI gadyane sarjanAtmaka chaTA ane apUrva layavAhitAthI dhUmaketue prayojyuM che. emanI varNanakalA paNa eTalI ja mohaka che. AnaMdapuranA eka khUNAnuM, naMdagirinuM, 0 180 ] * 'dhUmaketu'no sthira prakAza * bhaiyAdAdAnI oraDInuM ke daravezanI jhuMpaDInuM tema ja, 'posTa oNphisamAM AvatuM pAchalI rAtanuM ane 'bhIkhu mAM prAraMbhanuM varNana vArtAne uThAva Ape che. amuka manodazA ke paristhiti AlekhatAM A varNano bhAvone sAkAra karavAnI sAthe citrAtmakatA lAve che. prAkRtika jIvananI samRddhine chalakAvatAM 'pRthvI ane svarga nAM varNano mulAyama vAtAvaraNa sarje che. 'goviMdanuM khetara' jevI navalikAomAM varNana khuda 'romenTika' bane che, to vaLI dhUmaketunI navalikAomAM varNana idealized thaI jAya che. vAMcyuM rAkhavAnuM mana thAya evAM keTalAMya varNano 'taNakhA maMDaLa 1'mAMthI maLI Ave. dhUmaketunI varNanakalAnI Aja sudhI ghaNI prazaMsA thaI che. paNa e saMdarbhamAM vicArAyuM nathI ke A varNano vArtAno khare khara upakAraka che ke nahi ? A saMdarbhamAM ema kahevuM joIe ke keTaleka sthaLe varNanonI nAnImoTI vigato sAthe banIne kathayitavya tarapha dorI jatI nathI. A varNano badhe arthapUrNa - TUMkIvArtAnI apekSAe - banatAM nathI. TUMkIvArtAmAM to ene upakAraka na hoya e badhuM ja enuM mAraka bane che. keTaleka sthaLe to dhUmaketune je vastu rajU karavI che, te mATe varNanano Azaro lIdhA vinA cAle tema nathI. navalikAno bhAvapariveza ja AnI mAgaNI kare che. 'kalpanAnI mUrtio' ke 'sonerI paMkhI mAMthI varNano kADhI nAkhIe to kazuM bace kharuM ? dhUmaketunI navalikAomAM Thera Thera sacoTa ane hRdayasparzI ciMtanakaNo maLe che. lekhakanI romaeNnTika tAsIramAMthI AvAM ciMtana kaNo ke sUtro UpasI Ave che. 'raja kaNa'mAM potAnA jIvananI vAta kahetA hoya e rIte dhUmatu lakhe che : cAMdanI jevI kIrti Ave ke aMdhArA jevo ayaza Ave, mitro nide ke mUrkha vakhANe, kaMI phikara nathI; jyAM sudhI kalAnAnI rANI haze; che tyAM sudhI mAruM pyAluM chalochala bhareluM che." dhUmaketunAM AvAM ciMtanakaNo para ravIndranAtha TAgora, khalila jibrAna ane umara khayyAmano ghaNo prabhAva che. khalila jibrAne enA vikhyAta sarjana dha propheTa' vize potAnI mAnasika dazAnuM pRthakkaraNa karatAM lakhyuM, 'While I was writing the Prophet, the Prophet was writing me.' khalila jibrAnanuM A vAkya dhUmaketunuM priya vAkya hatuM ane e ja emanI romenTika prakRti vize ghaNuM badhuM kahI jAya che. 181 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * aitihAsika dRSTie dhUmaketue navalikAnuM kalAsvarUpa ghaDI ApyuM. emaNe gujarAtI navalikAmAM ghaNI kSitijo ughADI ApI. enA bhAvanAzIla AdarzapremI pAtro AvatI kAlanI vadhu vAstavalakSI ane upayogitAlakSI duniyAnI paristhitimAM vadhu AkarSaNa kare to navAI pAmavA jevuM nathI. gujarAtI navalikAne enA ugamakALe ja AvA sarjaka maLyA te enuM mahAbhAgya kahevAya. vaLI ciMtana ane sarjananI abhivyaktimAM dhUmaketunuM gadya eka navo ja unmeSa pragaTa kare che. emanI vArtAomAM evuM kaMIka che ke jemAM ApaNane rasa paDe ane je ApaNane kheMcI rAkhe. TUMkIvArtAnA vastumAMthI mAnavatattva pakaDIne tene zabdabaddha karavAnI kaLA dhUmaketue batAvI che. jene vAMcIne AsvAdavAnuM mana thAya tevI TUMkIvArtA ApI che. dhUmaketunI navalikAonI ghaTanAmAM vizeSa baLa nathI. emanI vadhu kuzaLatA to ghaTanAmAMthI vistaratAM mAnavatattvone pakaDIne tenuM nirUpaNa karavAmAM Ave che. dhUmaketu pote potAnA sarjananI vivecakanI adAthI punaHtapAsaNI karatA hatA tevI noMdha dhUmaktanA putra dakSiNakumAra jozIe 'dhUmaketunI sarjanaprakriyAnI bhItaranI jhalaka' ApatAM karI che. dhUmaketu pote sarjanane pharI pharI cakAsavuM joIe ane tenA para raMdho pheravatA rahevuM joIe ema mAnatA hatA. dhUmaketunuM navalikAsarjana jotAM prazna e thAya che ke I. sa. 1926mAM 'taNakhA maMDaLa 1' pragaTa thayuM. e pachI emanA avasAna paryata eTale ke 1995 sudhI emanuM navalikAlekhana cAlu rahyuM. covIsa vArtAsaMgraha, 492 vArtAo ane Azare trepanaso pAnAMmAM A sAmagrI sacavAyelI che. 'taNakhA maMDaLa 1' pachI dhUmaketu pAsethI 'ratano DholI' jevI keTalIka noMdhapAtra vArtAo maLI, dhUmaketue navalikAmAM eka navo AraMbha karI Apyo chatAM cheka sudhI AraMbhamAM je rItanI navalikA lakhI te ja rIte lakhavAnuM cAlu rAkhyuM. eka savAla evo thAya ke 'taNakhA maMDaLa 1' pachI dhUmaketunI TUMkIvArtAono vikAsa kema na thayo ? bIjI bAju 'dvirepha' satata prayogo karatA rahIne Avo vikAsa sAdhe che. Aje madhu rAya paNa A ja rIte navA navA prayogo satata karatA rahe che. e prayoga saphaLa thAya ke niSphaLa jAya e vAta judI che. dhUmaketue 'taNakhA maMDaLa 1' pragaTa karyuM e pachI 39 varSa sudhI navalikAlekhana satata cAlu rAkhyuM. Ama chatAM 'dvirepha'nI mAphaka viSaya ke TenikanA navA paDakArane jhIlavAno prayAsa emaNe karyo nathI. 'dvirepha'mAM Psychological theme maLe che. e samaye A prakAranA viSayavastu para navalikAnI racanA karavAnuM 'dvirepha'ne ja sUjhe. navalikAnA 'thIma'no je paDakAra 'dvirepha' ke jayaMti dalAla jhIle che te 182 ] * 'dhUmaketu'no cira prakAza * dhUmaketumAM dekhAto nathI. 'taNakhA maMDaLa 1" pachInI vArtAomAM kyAMka seTiMgsa badale che, paNa cetanAnA navA navA pradezo khUMdI vaLavAnuM sAhasa dhUmaketu karatA nathI. AnuM eka kAraNa e paNa hoI zake ke pote racelI eka Idealised sRSTimAM rahenAra sarjakane mATe A kAma muzkela hatuM. vaLI emanA pratyakSa paricayane kAraNe bIjuM kAraNa paNa kahI zakuM ane te che atilekhana. roja eka pharmA jeTaluM lakhANa lakhAvuM ja joIe evo niyama teo rAkhatA hatA. dhUmaketumAM Urmitattva ane dvirephamAM buddhinuM tattva pradhAna che e vAta sAcI. paNa ekalI buddhinI ramata vArtAne Tucako banAvI de che. ene atyaMta sthaLa evuM parimANa Ape che. TUMkIvArtAmAM to buddhi ane Urmi baMne joIe. buddhino UrminA aMkuza tarIke upayoga thato hoya tyAM uttama pariNAma Ave. dhUmaketu ane dvirephanI uttama vArtAomAM AvuM saMyojana jovA maLe che. 'mukuMdarAya' ke "khemI' jevI vArtAomAM Urmitattva na hoya to tenI asara thaze kharI ? kAkAsAhebe eka sthaLe noMdhyuM che ke "khemI" ane "mukuMdarAya'nI nIce rA. vi. pAThakanI sahI na hoya to e vArtA dhumaketunI ja lAge. paNa jyAM kevaLa buddhinI ja ramata hoya tyAM e navalikA banatI nathI. jemake 'dvirepha'nI 'eka prazna' e vArtA banatI nathI. enI sAme dhUmaketunI 'jumo bhistI' jevI nAnI vArtA joI zakAya. manuSyacitta ane manuSyahRdaya A baMnemAM caitanya che. e cetanAne vArtAmAM goThavatAM Urmi ane buddhinuM saMyojana thavuM joIe. navalikAmAM 'dvirepha' judI judI Tenika ajamAve che. judA judA prayogo kare che, je e pachInA jayaMti dalAla jevA lekhako mATe preraNArUpa banyA. jyAre dhUmaketunI navalikAonA cIle cAlIne bhavAnIzaMkara vyAse 'padadhvani" vArtAsaMgraha Apyo. kizanasiMha cAvaDAmAM dhUmaketunI lAgaNImayatAno paDagho saMbhaLAya che, paraMtu e mArge pachInI gujarAtI navalikA cAlI nathI. jyAre dvirephano phALo vizeSa che. evuM paNa hoya ke dhUmaketunuM anusaraNa karavuM pachInA lekhakone mATe muzkela banyuM hoya, A prakAranI navalikAmAM UrminuM stara na jaLavAya to te UmimAMghamAM ja sarI paDe. dhUmaketunI jema ApaNA Urmikavi nhAnAlAlanuM paNa anusaraNa ochuM thayuM che. tarkathI navalikAnI racanA karavI saraLa che, paNa Urmitattvane avalaMbIne vArtAnI racanA karavI agharI che. A aMge gulAbadAsa brokarano pratibhAva jovA jevo che. potAnA vArtAsarjananA AraMbhanA samaya vize lakhatAM teo kahe che ke - 183 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * tyAre paNa manamAM eka bhAva to spaSTa che - vArtA lakhIza to dhUmaketu jevI to nathI ja lakhavI." Avo bhAva sevavAmAM dhUmaketunI zaktinI avahelanA nathI. enuM bahumAna che. manamAM khAtarI ja che ke uparathI nIce pachaDAu toye temanI bhASA, temanuM kAvya, temanuM kauvata mArA lakhANamAM Ave nahIM. to pachI zA mATe azakyane zakya banAvavAnI mahenata karavI ? ApaNane AvaDe ane ApaNane phAve evo ApaNo ja mArga ApaNe na zodhI levo ?" bIjo eka prazna e che ke dhUmaketunI badhI vArtAo ekasAthe vAMcI zakAya kharI ? emanA pahelA navalikAsaMgraha 'taNakhA maMDaLa 1thI mAMDIne emanA chellA navalikAsaMgraha 'chello jhabakAro' sudhInI kula 492 vArtAo to ekasAthe na vAMcI zakAya. taNakhA maMDaLanA cAra bhAga vAMcatAM emAM ekaraMgI punarAvartana ane ekavidhatA lAge che, jyAre 'dvirepha'mAM satata tAja gIno anubhava thAya che. Ama dhUmaketunI navalikAomAM sarca kacittane thayelo sauMdaryAbhimukhatA ane vAstavikatAno sparza anubhavAya che. jIvaMta pAtracitraNa ane sarjanAtmaka chaTAvALI gadyazailI AkarSaka bane che. sarjanavyApAranA sAcA phaLa jevI A navalikAo tIvra UrmikSobhane kAraNe sarjAyelI che ane tethI ja amuka maryAdA chatAM dhUmaketunI navalikAo sAhityanA paTa para sthira teje prakAzyA karaze emAM zaMkA nathI. caritranibaMdha ane pravAsanibaMdha G aMgata nibaMdha ke sarjanAtmaka nibaMdhanI jikara karavAmAM Ave che tyAre emAMthI UpasatI sarjakanI vyaktitvanI mudrA para bhAra mUkavAmAM Ave che. emAM sarja kanI kalpanAzIlatA ane enI sarjakatAno vaibhava jovA maLe che, paraMtu Ano artha evo nathI ke pravAsa ane caritranibaMdhamAM sarjakatA ke aMgatatattva AvatuM nathI. hakIkatamAM to sAhityasvarUpa tarIke sarjakatAnA sparza vagara AtmartapadI kalAprakAra nibaMdha sarjAya ja nahIM, pachI bhale teno viSaya game te hoya. mahattvanI vAta to lekhakanA svarUpanuM prAgaTya che. lalita ane lalitetara ema be vibhAga pADIne joIe to lalitetara nibaMdha ciMtanAtmaka (Reflective) ane mAhitI pradhAna (Informative) hoya che. AthI pravAsa ke caritranibaMdha kevaLa mAhitI ke ciMtana mATe lakhAyo hoya to te lalita nibaMdhanI trijyAmAM AvI zake nahIM. pravAsa ane caritraviSayaka nibaMdhonA lalita svarUpane joIe to jaNAze ke A nibaMdhomAM sarjakatA hoya che, paraMtu te sarjakatAnuM pragaTIkaraNa sarjanAtmaka nibaMdha karatAM nokhI rIte thAya che. aMgata ke sarjanAtmaka (Creative) nibaMdhamAM kevaLa sarjakanA yacchA vihArarUpe 185 ] 84 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * enuM vyaktitva vilasatuM hoya che. viSayanA kazAya baMdhana vinA nibaMdhapaNe e vahe che, jyAre pravAsa ane caritranibaMdhamAM viSaya kendramAM hovAthI e amuka viSayanI khIMTInI AsapAsa ja sarjakane vasavuM paDe che. enI kharI khUbI to pote anubhavelA, avalokelA ke mANelA sthaLa ke dRzyanuM varNana karavAmAM, enA nirUpaNamAM hoya che. nibaMdhakAra tarIkenI enI vizeSatA aneka rIte pravarte che. ane avalokanomAM asAdhAraNa tattva hoya che. enA ciMtanamAM, abhiprAyamAM, vicAra ke pratibhAvamAM enuM kavitva, nAvInya ane asAmAnyatA DokAyA vinA rahetAM nathI. kAkAsAheba kAlelakaranA nibaMdho AnuM moTuM dRSTAMta che. e ja rIte zrI bhoLAbhAI paTelanA pravAsanibaMdhomAM paNa emanA rucira ane saMskArI pratibhAvo daSTigocara thAya che. pravAsa ane caritranibaMdhamAM viSaya kendramAM hovAne lIdhe nibaMdhano baMdha vadhAre sudaDha bane che. aMgata nibaMdha amUrta ke DaoN. honasana kahe che tema Loose sally of mind kahevAya. jyAre pravAsanibaMdhamAM enA vastune kAraNe nibaMdhanA AkArane-svarUpane dRDha baMdha prApta thAya che. Ane kAraNe evuM paNa bane che ke nibaMdhakArane sthaLa hakIkato ane vigatomAM javuM paDe che. kyAMthI pravAsano prAraMbha karyo, kaI rIte pravAsa karyo, kyAM kyAM gayA - A badhI vigato ene ApavI paDe che. zuddha vyaktitvaniSTha sarjanAtmaka nibaMdha(personal essay)nuM svarUpa vAyavya che. pravAsa ane caritranibaMdhanA svarUpanuM hADa ja vAstavika hakIkatothI baMdhAyeluM che. A prakAranA nibaMdhomAM sthULa vigatone kAraNe ghaNI vAra rasavikSepa lAge paNa kharo. badhA ja sAhityasvarUpanI jema nibaMdhanuM lakSya paNa AnaMda che, rasabodha che ane pravAsanibaMdhano lekhaka jarUra pUratI mAhitI ke vigato ApIne emAMthI potAne prApta thayelo AnaMda Alekhe che. kyAMka e romAMcano anubhava to kyAMka e saMgharSano anubhava paNa Alekhato hoya che. AmAM pote pravAsa karyo, pote kevo bhAgyazALI che ane vAcaka vaMcita rahyo tevo bhAva nahi paraMtu vAcaka paNa sahapravAsI che ane nibaMdhakAra enI sAthe janAntike vAto karato hoya che ane nibaMdha rasAvaha bane che. vAcakanI creativityne, enI bhramaNavRttine, enI wonder lustne ke enAmAM rahelA rakhaDune jAgrata kare che ane te lekhaka sAthe sahapravAsI banI jAya che. Ama bhramaNanibaMdha vAcakamAM sarjanAtmaka pratibhAva jagADe che. 'devonI ghATI'mAM zrI bhoLAbhAI paTele kareluM pahADI sUryodayanA anupama dRzyanuM varNana kevo romAMca jagADe che ! 0 186 ] * caritranibaMdha ane pravAsanibaMdha * kevI adbhuta kSaNa ! pUrvA parvatanI dhAre sUrajanI kora dekhAI ane lAMbA prakAzanA stabha racAyA. e prakAzastambha mArI AMkhe aDakatA hovAno ahesAsa thayo. meM mArA bhaNI joyuM. kumaLo taDako lakSita thayo, pachI pahADa bhaNI joyuM. Akho sUraja zikhara para Ubho. taDako sarvatra vistarI gayo. A ja samaya hato ahIM AvavA mATeno - ema A sUrajanA AvirbhAvanI kSaNonA sAkSI banavAnuM maLatAM thayuM. huM gAyatrI maMtra boluM chuM. 3OM bhUrbhuvaH sva. Ama pravAsanibaMdhano lekhaka kathaka (narrator) hovo joIe ane e bhAvakane navalakathA jevo, balka ethIye vizeSa AnaMda pravAsanibaMdha dvArA nipajAvI zake. AmAM sarjakanuM vyaktitva enA kathanamAM pragaTa thAya che. ane e vyaktitvanA AsvAdamAMthI AnaMda prApta thAya che. zrI candravadana mahetAnI 'gaThariyAMmAM chUTaka nibaMdha jevA anubhavomAMthI emanA vyaktitvano saMsparza thAya che. raMgabhUmi, parvatArohaNa, bhUgoLa, itihAsa - e badhuM emanI anubhavasamRddhimAMthI pragaTa thAya che. judI judI vyakti sAtheno emano saMparka ane emanI sAthe potAnuM hRdaya dhabakatuM hoya tevI rItanuM emanuM varNana athavA to emanI sAtheno vinoda - e badhuM ja zrI candravadana mahetAnA vyaktitvanI nijI mudrA laIne UpasI Ave che. 'suMdarama'nI sauMdaryasabhara nibaMdharacanA 'dakSiNAyanane teo "mArA jIvanano ja eka TukaDo " ane "anAyAse lakhAI gayelI eka nAnakaDI saMvedana kathA" kahe che to umAzaMkaranI "IzAna bhArata ane AMdAmAnamAM Tahukyo mora "nuM paNa smaraNa thAya. ghaNI vAra viSaya eka ja hoya chatAM dareka pravAsalekhaka ene judI judI rIte Alekhato hoya che. lekhakanA nijI vyaktitvanI bhinnatAne kAraNe e je jhIle che te saMvedanataMtra paNa bhinna prakAranuM che. pratyeka sarjakanuM saMvedanavizva bhinna hoya che. kAkAsAheba kAlelakara ane svAmI AnaMda baMnee I. sa. 1912nA me mahinAmAM himAlayano pravAsa karyo. savAI gujarAtI evA kAkAsAhebanI mAtRbhASA marAThI hatI. temaNe gujarAtImAM pustaka lakhyuM ane temanA saha-pravAsI evA svAmI AnaMda - ke jemanI mAtRbhASA gujarAtI hatI temaNe - marAThImAM 'himAlayanAM tIrthasthAno' nAmanI lekhamALA lakhI. baMnee saha-pravAsa karyo hovA chatAM kAkAsAheba ane svAmI AnaMdano abhigama judo che. 'himAlayano pravAsamAM 'bAdanuM gAma' prakaraNamAM bAdanA vyaktitvano mAtra ullekha maLe che. jyAre svAmI AnaMde 'himAlayanAM tIrthasthAnomAM bAdaranA manobhAvone, 1 183

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* zabdasamIpa * enI vAtacItane ane enA vyaktitvane khIlavyAM che. emanI pAse pAtrane AtmasAt karavAnI ane bolatI bhAvanAne jhIlavAnI je kaLA hatI te bAdanA varNanamAM dekhAya che. Ama kAkAsAheba ane svAmI AnaMde ekasAthe pravAsa karyo hato, eka ja vyaktine maLyA hatA, paNa emanuM Alekhana taddana bhinna che. 'rakhaDavAno AnaMda', 'jIvanano AnaMda', 'jIvanalIlA' jevAM pravAsavarNanomAM lekhake prakRtinA AnaMdane jIvaMta rUpe nirUpyo che. emanI zizusahaja mugdhatA, abhijAta vinoda, prAkRtika sauMdaryano asabAba, pAsAdAra gadya ane madhuraprasanna zailI emanA pravAsamAM bhAvakane sahaja rIte sAmela karI de che. pravAsa e mANasanI samagra cetanA para asara pADanAra anubhava che. eTale ke hRdaya, buddhi ane AtmA - e traNeno pratibhAva amuka amuka kSaNoe pravAsalekhaka anubhave che ane tene potAnI AgavI Dhabe varNavato hoya che. koI bauddhika mAtra buddhithI pRthakkaraNa karIne aTakI jAya. kalpanAvihArI hoya to AkAzamAM UDe. ciMtanazIla mAnavI koI UMDA ciMtanamAM sarI paDe, paNa sAhityakAra A traNe vastuonuM AgavuM saMmizraNa karIne potAnA pravAsanuM varNana kare che ane tethI ja teno anubhava vAcakane samagratayA sparze che. sAmAnya rIte lalitetara pravAsasAhityamAM pravAsalekhana karanAra pravAsanuM je pAse potAnI rucine sparzatuM hoya te ja pAsAne sparzIne itizrI mAne che. koI vepArI pravAse gayo hoya to vepArInI dRSTie nirIkSaNa karaze. koI vaijJAnika gayo hoya to vijJAnanI daSTie e ja gata joze. saMvedanazIla sAhityakAra jyAre pravAsa karato hoya to tenAM bAhya upakaraNonI sAthe enuM aMtaHkaraNa paNa vividha pratibhAvo jhIle che ane tethI sthULa ane sUkSma baMne prakArano citAra sAMpaDe che. Ane mATe eNe vastunA hArda sudhI pahoMcavuM paDe che. sAco pravAsI eka vizvajanIna (universal) mAnavasaMvedanAne sparzI jAya che ane e rIte pravAsanibaMdhamAM kuzaLa sarjakanI kRtimAM je baLa hoya, tevuM baLa lAvavAnI zakyatA rahelI che. mATe pravAsanibaMdhanA lekhakane mATe citrAtmaktA ane varNana karavAnI kalA e mULabhUta jarUriyAta che. e uparAMta bhASAprabhutva, kalpakatA, saMvedanazIlatA, avalokanazakti, pRthakkaraNazakti ane sauthI vizeSa to samagranA saMdarbhamAM nijI anubhavane mUkavAnI kuzaLatA hovI joIe. pravAsanibaMdhamAM ramaNalAla cI. zAha, guNavaMta zAha ane prIti senaguptAnuM pradAna AgavuM gaNAya. 0 188 ] * caritranibaMdha ane pravAsanibaMdha * evo paNa bhrama pravarte che ke aMgata nibaMdha eTale uttama ane pravAsa ke caritranibaMdha enAthI UtaratI koTino gaNAya. kharI rIte to A kalA e pratyAyana(kamyunikezana)nI kalA che. pratyAyana saphaLa rIte thayuM ke nA thayuM, sacoTa thayuM ke na thayuM athavA to emAMthI kaMI 'zrIla', 'romAMca' Ubho thayo ke na thayo - A bAbata ja nibaMdhanI saphaLatAmAM mahattvano bhAga bhajave che. aMgata nibaMdhano lekhaka kvacit AnaMda ApavAnI bAbatamAM enA lekhaka ane thoDA maryAdita vAca ko pUrato sImita rahe che. ghaNI vAra to aMgata nibaMdhamAM te evI amUrta ane durvAhya vibhAvanAomAM rAcato hoya che ke sAmAnya vAcakane mATe ene pAmavo muzkela bane che. vijayarAya vaidyanA nibaMdhasaMgraha 'nAju ke savArInA nibaMdho e aMgata nibaMdho che. cArlsa laeNmbanA nibaMdhone anusaravAno vijayarAye prayAsa karyo, paraMtu emanI atyaMta kliSTa zailIne kAraNe e nibaMdhamAM vinoda paNa kRtrima banI gayo. vaLI A nibaMdhono zleSa je samaje e ja vAcaka ene mANI zake. 'nAjuka savArI'mAM 'ajJAnuM parama sukham' nibaMdhitAmAM teo lakhe che : "jJAnAsura AvI ghaNI ghaNI rIte ApaNA jIvanamAMnI kavitAne khAI jato hovA chatAM, ApaNI zAntine ane majAone harI jato hovA chatAM, kavitA zAMti ane zuddha majAnA upAsaka evA kavio zuM joIne jJAna-tArIpha karavA maMDatA haze tenI samaja paDatI nathI. jJAna evI rIte kavitAnuM hADaverI hovA chatAM vajhavartha jevo janmasiddha kavi paNa, jANe kUramAM krUra kaTAkSa karato hoya tema siddhAMta sthApe che ke "poeTrI ijha dha phAinara spiriTa oNpha oNla naoNleja." ane evA avaLA siddhAMta vinA jANe gujarAta garIba rahI javAnuM hoya tema, kavivacano TAMkavA pAchaLa gAMDAtUra banela govardhanarAma paNa uccarI gayA che : 'jJAne e kavitAno AtmA che.' emanA manathI kadAca AtmAne ne AtmahatyArA e be zabdo paryAyarUpa haze, evI mAnyatA kadAca emanI agamya lakyAlakSya philasUphInuM ja eka aMga haze. emanA sarakhA abhadadarzIne e baMne vastuo je uparanAM dRSTAMto ne anubhavakathano pramANe to nisargabhijJAspada che te - ekarUpa dekhAI haze. evuM dekhanAra 'lakSyadraSTAApaNe badhA pAmara draSTAonI dRSTithI ane anubhavathI viruddha paDIne, jJAnane kavitAno AtmA kahevA nIkaLe e svAbhAvika paNa lAge che." AmAM vajhavarthanI kAvyavibhAvanAne jANanAra athavA to govardhanarAmanA lakSyAlayarahasyavivaraNam e 'sarasvatIcaMdra'nA prakaraNane vAMcanAra ja Ane 0 189 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * samajI zake. Ama aMgata nibaMdhanuM lebala lAgyuM eTale e pravAsa nibaMdha karatAM caDiyAto evuM mAnavAnI jarUra nathI. - gujarAtI sAhityano AThamo ane navamo dAyako nibaMdhanA dAyakA tarIke oLakhAya eTalA badhA lekhako pragaTyA che. emAM paNa vizeSa aMgata nibaMdhono yuga che tema kahevAya che. keTalAya lekhako potapotAnI rIte aMgata nibaMdho lakhe che, paraMtu A aMgata nibaMdhomAM sarvasAmAnya (universal) anubhavano sAkSAtkAra karatA hoya tevA vyApaka ukhAvALA nibaMdho keTalA ? patrakAratvane kAraNe AvA nibaMdhonuM vizeSa kheDANa thAya che, paraMtu emAMthI sAhityika AnaMda ApanArA nibaMdho ghaNA ochA che. cArlsa laeNmba ke umAzaMkara jozInA aMgata nibaMdho vAMcIe to nAnI vAtamAMthI paNa samRddha ane vyApaka anubhava maLe che tevA nibaMdho Aje keTalA maLe che ? pravAsanibaMdhamAM candravadana mahetA jevuM gadya hajI sudhI bIjuM maLyuM nathI. keTalI badhI judI chaTAo emanA gadyamAM ekasAthe jovA maLe che ! emAM vAtacItanI rIta che, to nATakIya chaTA che. kyAMka citrAtmaka to kyAMka kAvyAtmaka abhivyakti che. vyaktinI abhivyaktinI mudrAo candravadananA gadyamAM jeTaluM vaividhya sAdhe che eTaluM bhAgye ja anya koI nibaMdhakAranA gadyamAM haze. kAkAsAheba kAlelakara ane candravadana mahetAe pravAsanibaMdhane sarjanAtmaka nibaMdha tarIke sthApita karyo. sAhityasvarUpa tarIke pravAsanibaMdha mArjInamAM hatuM - hAMsiyAmAM hatuM - tene ziSTa sAhityanI koTie pahoMcADIne pratiSThA ApI. caritrAtmaka nibaMdhano pAyo paNa jIvaMta vyaktine lagatI hakIkatono hoya che, paNa e vyaktinA jIvananI sthULa hakIkato ke mAtra vyaktiparicaya e caritranibaMdha banato nathI. vyaktinA caritra nibaMdhakAranA mAnasa para paDelI chApane zabdadeha maLe tyAre e caritranibaMdha bane che. AmAM caritranAyakanuM AMtara svarUpa ane bAhya svarUpa baMnenuM Alekhana hoya. keTalAMka caritramAM mAtra bAhya ke kevaLa AMtara svarUpa pratinI gati jovA maLe che. kvacit AMtara svarUpamAMthI bAhya svarUpanI paNa vAta kare che. raghuvIra caudharInuM 'saharAnI bhavyatA' A dRSTie vicAravuM joIe. emAM atyaMta mArmika rIte vividha sAhityakAronA vyaktitvanuM citraNa karavA prayAsa karyo che ane emAM emaNe vyaktinA guNadoSa jhIlyA che. vinoda bhaTTanuM 'vinodanI najare' paNa sAhityakAronI 0 190 ] * caritranibaMdha ane pravAsanibaMdha * lAkSaNika bAju pragaTa kare che. puSTimArga saMpradAyanA sthApaka 'vallabhAcArya nAmanA nibaMdhamAM svAmI AnaMda emanA caritrane taTastha ane samatola rIte mUlavatAM noMdhe che - vallabhAcAryanA zikSaNano anartha karI saMpradAyamAM anAcAranA saDA dAkhala karanAra ane asaMkhya zraddhAparAyaNa anuyAyIonAM jIvana bhraSTa ane veravikhera karI nAkhanAra gurugosAMIonI niSphara vasamI -relentless TIkA karavI paDe; balka dezaduniyAnA dharma ke saMpradAya saMsthApako, pegaMbaro, AcAryo temaja mahApuruSonI haroLamAM mUkIne vabhAcAryamAM kAryane mUlavavA jatAM emanAmAM dUrano bhaviSya sudhI joI zakavAnI zakti - krAMtadarzana (vision) nahotI ema kahevAnuM anivArya thaI paDe. jIvanacaritramAM satya vagaranuM lakhANa e dhULa paranA lIMpaNa jevuM che. dhaMdhAdArI rIte lakhatA caritranibaMdho, mitrabhAve lakhAtA caritranibaMdha, pharamAzu caritranibaMdho, pILA patrakAratvanI rIte sanasanATI phelAvavA lakhAtA ke vera vALavA lakhAtA caritranibaMdhothI A caritranibaMdha alaga che. emAM deza nathI, narI prazaMsA ke narI TIkA nathI. ApavaDAI nathI. spaSTadarzana hoya che. vivekadharmI caritrakArano Adarza dAkhalo svAmI AnaMdanAM lakhANomAM maLe che. caritranA nibaMdhamAM lekhakanI satyaniSThA e pAyAno guNa gaNAvo joIe. koIno stutivacanothI alaMkRta paricayalekha e caritranibaMdha nathI, balake eka cetanA bIjI cetanAnA saMsargamAM AvatA eno je urdaka thAya temAMthI caritranibaMdha nIpaje che. ahIM umAzaMkara jozInuM 'hRdayamAM paDelI chabIonuM (khaMDa 1-2), smaraNa thAya che. 'hRdayamAM paDelI chabIo ane enuM Alekhana e ja caritranibaMdha. jIvanacaritrakAra, caritranAyakanuM taTastha, tathyamUlaka Alekhana karato hoya che. nibaMdhamAM vyaktitvano eka aMza hoya che. lekhakane sparzelo aMza hoya, tAraNya na hoya ane rAgAtmakatA paNa pragaTa thAya. jyAre jIvanacaritramAM lekhaka kyAMya dekhAto nathI. eka samaye 'vasaMtamAM AnaMdazaMkara dhruva 'hRdayano haka' e zIrSakathI videha thatA sAkSaro ke mahAnubhAvonA vyaktitvanAM UjaLAM pAsAMne uThAva ApIne Ardra kalamathI caritra-noMdha lakhatA hatA. jyAre 'hRdayamAM paDelI chabIo mAM mArmika rIte vyaktinA guNanuM darzana karAvavAnI sAthosAtha vizALa phalaka para emanI sevAono ullekha karIne aMjali ApavAno upakrama rAkhyo che. A 0 191 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * nibaMdhanI khAsiyata che madhuratA. emanI smRti eTalI sajIva hatI ke jhAkirahusena, lAlabahAdura zAstrI athavA to nAnAbhAI bhaTTa game tenI vAta hoya paNa temAM marma hoya. nAnI nAnI vAtane paNa tAttvika tathya hoya e rIte rajU kare. Ama vyaktinA lakSaNadeha para dRSTi ekAgra thaIne yathArtha rIte ane aucityapura:sara vyaktinAM AkarSaka lakSaNo emanA zabdacitramAM khIle che. amAsanA tArA'mAM kizanasiMha cAvaDA mArmika ane rasaprada zailImAM jIvananA koIka marmane uThAva Ape tevI ghaTanAo ane caritra Ape che. 'jisInA upanAmathI AkarSaka rekhAcitro lakhavAnI zarUAta karanAra zrI kizanasiMha cAvaDA emanA caritrAtmaka nibaMdhomAM AtmasAt karelI sRSTine kAvyamaya gadyamAM avatAra che. ustAda phaiyAjhakhAnuM A jIvaMta zabdacitra avismaraNIya che. eka sUramAMthI bIjA sUramAM teo kaI rIte jAya che e vize kizanasiMha lakhe che, eTale pachI jyAre ApaNe darabArIne soMpyo tyAre to sUrAvali malakI rahI. ghamAranA AlApathI je vAtAvaraNa baMdhAI gayuM hatuM temAM dhyAnanI ekAgratA umerAI. jANe koI moTo jogaMdara zivanI ArAdhanA karI rahyo che. enA aMtarapa%nI badhI pAMkhaDIo UghaDIne devane AvAhana karI rahI che. A AvAhanamAM dhIre dhIre Aratano Ataza umerAto gayo. saMgItanI sarahadono subo taMbUro sAvadhAna hato. sAraMgI AjJAMkita dAsInI jema pAchaLa sUrAvali laIne cAlatI hatI. jarAya AMcako ne lAge ema darabArInI pAlakhI upADIne tabalAMno tAla cAlato hato. dhIre dhIre sUrano dhodha zamyo." caritrAtmaka nibaMdhamAM prasiddha vyaktionA ja caritranuM Alekhana thAya tevo koI niyama nathI. taddana ajJAta ke sAmAnya kakSAnI vyaktinAM citro paNa nibaMdhakAra AlekhI zake che. svAmI AnaMde 'ajANyAM UMcANo' (bhAga-1-2)mAM svAtaMtryasaMgrAma ane gAMdhIpravRttie ajANyA mANaso pAse kevAM bhagIratha kAryo karAvyAM tenAM caritro ApyAM che. cInA bAganA gharaDA ghoDA 'morU "nuM caritra ke muMbaInA prakhyAta dUdha vecanArA 'dAdo gavaLI 'nuM caritra AnAM udAharaNe gaNAya. aniruddha brahmabhaTTanA 'nAmarUpamAM A prakAranAM caritro maLe che ane kyAMka kyAMka to enI narrative style TUMkI vArtAnuM smaraNa karAve che. kalAkAranI eka prAthamika AvazyaktA che tAdhabhya ane taTasthatA. caritrAtmaka 192 ] * caritranibaMdha ane pravAsanibaMdha * nibaMdhanA lekhake samabhAvapUrvaka vyaktinA jIvananuM darzana ane mUlyAMkana karavuM joIe ane tenI AchI rekhAo (caritranibaMdha e vistRta caritra nathI) upasAvavI joIe. - svAmI AnaMde 'jasTisa caMdAvarakara' nAmano eka caritranibaMdha lakhyo che e apragaTa kRtimAM teo hAikorTa jaDajanA hodde pahoMcelA jasTisa caMdAvarakarane emanAM patnI hUMDI lakSmIkAkIe zAka levA mokalyA hatA teno rasaprada kisso AlekhatAM svAmI AnaMda lakhe che : eka vAra savAranA pahoramAM sara sAheba pharavA javAnI taiyArI kare. kAkI kahe, 'pharavA jAo cho to vaLatAM zAka letA Avajo.' 'mane na AvaDe." 'emAM ? AvaDA moTA jaja bAlisTara thayA ne eTaluM nA AvaDe ?, emAM kyAM veda bhaNavAnA hatA ?" gayA. pharIne vaLatAM zAkavALI bAIo TopalA mAMDI beThI hatI tyAM gayA. pAMca rUpiyAnI noTa zAkavALInA hAthamAM mUkI kahe, 'vAjabI bhAva laIne zAka toLI Apa. devAcI zapatha Ahe tulA." zAkavALIe noTa guNiyAnA paDa heThaLa dabAvIne zAka toLI rUmAlamAM bAMdhI ApyuM. bAkInA paisA kazA na Apyo. ghera AvIne rUmAla choDIne bhoMya para zAkanI DhagalI karI. kAkI kahe, 'zAka keTalAnuM lAvyA ?" 'pAMca rUpiyAnI noTa zAkavALIne dIdhI ane devAcI zapatha dhAtalI hotI tilA kI vAjabI asatIla tevaTe ca paize dhe mahaSNuna. e pramANe eNe ApyuM ne huM laI Avyo.' 'paNa bAkInA paisA ?" 'zenA paisA ? meM kahyuM nahi ke 'mi tIlA devAcI zapatha dhAtalI hotI harna ?" 193 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * kAkI dhUMApUMA. 'moTA paMDita cho joyA hoya to. kayA otharIme tamane moTI hAI kaoNraTanA jaja banAvyA.' AchI rekhAomAMthI caritraviSayaka vyaktinuM samagra vyaktitva ApaNe joI zakIe chIe. samabhAva e caritrAtmaka nibaMdhamAM vizeSa dhyAna kheMce tevo hovo joIe. manasukhalAla jhaverInAM zabdacitromAM nibaMdhakArano pUrvagraha dekhAI Ave che. 'smaraNamukura'mAM narasiMharAvanAM lakhANomAM emano aham eTalo badho UchaLe che ke moTA mANaso karatAM paNa pote moTA che tevo emano bhAva pragaTa thAya che. raNachoDabhAIne raNachoDa raheMTiyo, mahipatarAmane vilAyatI vAMdaruM, naMdazaMkarane pADIzaMkara ane durgArAmane sUko khAkharo kahe che. 'sva. nArAyaNacaMdra, sva. nalinakAnta tathA sva. sau. UrmilA' temaja guru aMbAlAla sAkaralAla ane rAmakRSNa bhAMDArakaranAM caritro ArTa ane saMvedanazIla kalame karanAra narasiMharAva kyAMka svIkAra-tyAganuM aucitya dAkhavatA nathI. keTaleka ThekANe to A aham surucino bhaMga kare eTalI hade pahoMcI jAya che. pote govardhanarAmanI bhASAnI bhUlo kevI rIte sudhArI temaja govardhanarAmane joDaNI aMge karelA praznono 'uttara govardhanarAmabhAIe thIMgaDAmAru ja Apelo' tema kahe che. ethI ye vadhu emano aham tyAM sudhI jAya che ke 'nyAyatulA sAcavanArA govardhanabhAI paNa tulAnI dAMDI ayogya rIte namAvatA hatA kharA.' AmAM lekhakanA gamA-aNagamA pragaTa thAya che ane emAMthI aMte to narasiMharAvanuM vyaktitva pragaTa thAya che. ('smaraNamukura' pAnA naM. 247). bIjI bAju nhAnAlAla 'ApaNAM sAkSararatno' bhAga 1-2 ane 'citradarzanomAM caritrone cAra cAsaNIe caDAvIne lakhe che. emanAM A caritro jayaMtInA prasaMge ApelAM vyAkhyAno hovAthI emanI zailI vyAkhyAnanI che. kavinI itihAsadRSTi paNa noMdhapAtra kharI. emanuM gadya utkRSTa kAvyatattvathI bhArobhAra bhareluM ane sutrAtmaka che. jema ke 'lalita eTale lagarIka, 'paDhiyArajI eTale svarganA ijAradAra'. joke dalapatarAma aMgenA lakhANamAM kavi nhAnAlAla pramANabhAna cUkI gayA che ane teo dalapatarAmane traNa patnI hovAthI temanI rAjA dazarathe sAthe sarakhAmaNI kare che. | sarjanAtmaka ke aMgata nibaMdhamAM nibaMdhakArano 'huM" AlAdaka ane AnaMdadAyaka hoya che, kAraNa ke emAMthI 'huM'no DaMkha ane viSa kADhI nAkhyuM hoya che. eno ] 194 ] * caritranibaMdha ane pravAsanibaMdha * huM" potAne bhoge paNa pravartato hoya che, jyAre caritramAM vidravatA ke saMskAranuM abhimAna paNa rasavikSepa Ubho kare che. caritranibaMdhamAM mahAdeva desAInuM 'be khudAI khidamatagAromAM emanI citrAtmaka zailI ane sAttvika abhigamano paricaya maLe che. vyaktinuM AMtaravizva ke AMtarasvarUpa che ene batAvavAno emaNe prayAsa karyo che. mahAdevabhAI desAIe lakheluM 'be khudAI khidamatagAra mAM DaoN. khAnasAheba ane abdula gaphArakhAnanAM caritro ema be caritro AlekhyAM che. emaNe batAvelI bahAdurI, vaphAdArI, satyaniSThA ane satyAgrahamAM vIratA - e badhAM emanA vyaktitvanAM pAsAMone mahAdevabhAIe ghaTanAo mUkIne prAsAdika bhASAmAM upasAvyAM che. caritranAyakane pUro nyAya karavo ane atizayoktimAM UtaravuM nahi e jema A be caritrAtmaka nibaMdhono guNa che e ja rIte lekhakanI thoDA zabdomAM vyaktitva upasAvavAnI zakti paNa dekhAI Ave che. lIlAvatI munazInAM 'rekhAcitromAM vyaktinA vyaktitvane sacoTa gadyazailImAM uThAva ApavAno prayatna karyo che. emAM nirUpaNe para bhAra vadhAre che. AmAM lekhikAe e vyaktionI potAnA citta para kevI chApa paDI te upasAvIne AtmalakSI Dhabe Alekhana karyuM che. teo rekhAcitromAM kanaiyAlAla munazInA vyaktitvane A rIte Alekhe che - buddhinA zikhara parathI e birAjatA jagata para najara kare che. koIe emanAM pAtromAM akkaDatA bahu che ema kahyuM che. emane vize paNa ema kahI zakAya. vijJAnazAstrI mAphaka janatA sAthe e bhaLe che te pRthakkaraNa karavA mATe. svabhAvanAM badhAM tattvo e jue che; dayAhIna rIte enuM vargIkaraNa kare che, ane huM e karI zakuM chuM ema e samajI zake che. AvA manuSyanI buddhine jagata narma, paNa cAhI na zake, AtmasanmAna vadhAre. bIjI tarapha tiraskArapUrvaka jovAnI vRtti paNa keka kharI. rItabhAta sabhya ane sArI. chaTA paNa che.... paNa kadAca e dekhItI buddhinI kaThaNa sapATI nIce hRdayanA kRpamAM UrmionAM mIThAM vAri UbharAtAM haze. koIe e jala pIdhAM haze, paNa e jarA durlabha to kharAM ja. hRdayanI to vApare ja kiMmata vadhe che." 0 15 ]

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* zabdasamIpa caritrAtmaka nibaMdha ane rekhAcitra vacce bahu bhedarekhA rahI nathI. kyAMka vivecanAtmaka nibaMdho paNa caritrAtmaka nibaMdhamAM gaNAI jAya che. jema ke caritrAtmaka nibaMdhanI pahela karanAra narmadanA 'kavicaritra'mAM eno hetu kaviono paricaya ApavAno ane ethIye vizeSa kavionuM mUlyAMkana karavAno che. dayArAmanA nibaMdhamAM e navI mAhitI laI Ave che, paraMtu dayArAmanuM vyaktitva upasAvavAno eno upakrama nathI. * caritranibaMdha ane rekhAcitra vacce pAyAno bheda e che ke caritranibaMdhamAM eka thIma hoya che. jema ke dayArAmano mojIlo svabhAva ke rasikatA darzAvavA mATe enA jIvanano amuka khaMDa upasAvIne mUkavAmAM Ave. joke Aje rekhAcitra ane caritranibaMdha baMne svarUpo ekabIjAthI judAM rahyAM nathI. ApaNe tyAM narasiMharAva diveTiyA, kizanasiMha cAvaDA ke 'caMdananA vRkSa'mAM pravINa darajIe potAnA paricayamAM AvelI vividha vyaktinAM emanI smRtimAM UpaselAM citro doryAM che. kharI rIte rekhAcitro e paNa smRticitro ja che. emAM koI maoNDelane sAme besADIne lekhaka lakhato nathI. caritranibaMdhanI saphaLatAnI kharI kasoTI gadyanI rasArdratA ane sacoTatA che. dareka nibaMdhakAranuM gadya alaga hoya che. jeTalA nibaMdhakAra eTalI gadyanI judI judI bhAta paDe. caritrAtmaka nibaMdhaomAM umAzaMkara jozI, kizanasiMha cAvaDA, aniruddha brahmabhaTTa ke raghuvIra caudharIe mahattvanuM pradAna karyuM che. A prasaMge liTana TraeNcI yAda Ave che. enA caritrAtmaka nibaMdho vyaktinA vyaktitvane samagrapaNe uThAva Ape che. eka samaye savAla hato ke caritrane kalA kahevI ke itihAsa tyAre caritranuM kalA taraphanuM pAsuM vadhu namatuM karI ApyuM, Eminent VictoriansthI liTana sTrecIe. ApaNe tyAM caritranibaMdhano lekhaka mAtra caritranAyakanA amuka prophAila - pAsAM ja le che. enAM eka ke be aMza athavA to amuka lakSaNo para ja dRSTipAta kare che. Ama pravAsanibaMdha hoya ke caritranibaMdha - Akhare to emAM lakhanAranuM vyaktitva jeTaluM pragaTa thAya teTalI enI sarjanAtmakatAno unmeSa jovA maLe che. 196) (1997) 15 sAhityika patrakAratva vize thoDuMka sAhityika patrakAratvanI ApaNe carcA karIe chIe, enI vartamAna sthiti vize duHkha anubhavIe chIe, paNa kharekhara je 'vasaMta', 'kaumudI', 'prasthAna' vagerenI je vAta karIe chIe temAM rahelI 'sAhityika' sAmagrInI paNa ApaNe khevanA karI che kharI ? jema itihAsa jivAtA jIvananI sAmagrI Ape che te ja rIte sAhityika patrakAratva sAhityanA vikAsanI sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. A arthamAM sAhityika patrakAratva khAtaranuM kAma kare che. keTalAka sarjako ane vivecako bhegA thaIne khabara na paDe tema sAhityano eka paTa vaNatA hoya che. A paTa kevI rIte vaNAyo teno khyAla to paMdara-vIsa varSa bAda 'kaumudI', 'vasaMta' ke 'samAlocaka'nI phAIla joIe tyAre Ave. sAhityanA aneka koyaDAno ukela sAhityika patrakAratvamAMthI maLe evuM bane che. rAmanArAyaNa pAThakanA 'prasthAna'mAM AvA sAhityika praznonI carcA cAlatI, je pachInI peDhIne e praznonA ukelanI dizAmAM mArgadarzana Ape tevI che. sAhityanI dRSTie keTalAka aitihAsika banAvonuM nimitta paNa sAhityika patrakAratva bane che. 'bhadraMbhadra'nI utpattinuM sAdhana 'jJAnasudhA' banyuM. 'kavitA ane sAhitya' ke jemAM ramaNabhAInI kavitA-siddhAMta maLe che te paNa - 197]

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zabdasamIpa * 'jJAnasudhA'mAM lekhamALArUpe prakAzita thayela. jo 'prasthAna na hota to rAmanArAyaNa pAThaka pAsethI TUMkI vArtA ane haLavA lekho maLyA hota ke kema e savAla che. A sAhityika patrakAratvamAMthI sAhityamAM cAlatA AMtarapravAhano paNa khyAla maLe che. AnuM eka udAharaNa joIe. maNilAla nabhubhAInA 'siddhAMtasora 'nuM prakaraNavAra avalokana 'jJAnasudhA'mAM kavi kAnta karatA hatA. AmAM maNilAla nabhubhAInI vicArasaraNInI sakhata TIkA hatI. vaLI A vivAda 'kAntanA kAntA paranA patrarUpe cAlato hato. maNilAla nabhubhAInA 'siddhAMtasAra'nI TIkA karatA AvA ATha patro chapAyA. emAM maNilAlane sanAtanI, jaDa dRSTivALA vedAMtI tarIke batAvavAmAM AvyA. evAmAM vaDodarAmAM pahelI ja vAra kavi kAnta ane maNilAla maLe che ane maNilAlanI vicArasaraNIthI kAnta prabhAvita thAya che. agAunA ATha patro kAnta kAntAne lakhyA hatA, paNa "jJAnasudhA'mAM navamo patra kAntAno kAnta paranA patrarUpe pragaTa thAya che. A patramAM emaNe maNilAla nabhubhAInI prazaMsA karatAM kahyuM ke maNilAle ApaNA lokone pazcimamAMthI pUrva tarapha jotA karyA. A bAbata patranA taMtrI ane custa samAjasudhAraka ramaNalAlane akaLAvanArI banI. khAnagI patravyavahAramAM ramaNabhAI kAntano vAMka kADhe che tyAre kAnta kahe che : 'bUro dekhana meM calo bUro na mIliyo koI, jo dekhuM dila khojake to mAMse buro na koya.' AvA aneka AMtarapravAhono khyAla abhyAsIone sAhityika patrakAratva Ape che. sAhityika patrakAratvamAM je vivAdo jovA maLe che te sAmagrInI Aja sudhI upekSA thaI che. 1863-64mAM "buddhiprakAza'mAM premAnaMda caDhe ke zAmaLa e vize dalapatarAma ane mahipatarAmano vivAda cAle che. narmada ane dalapatano jANIto vivAda 'gujarAtI' ane 'buddhiprakAza'mAM cAlyo hato. satata ATha varSa sudhI sAhitya, samAjasudhAro ane dharmacarcA vizeno maNilAla nabhubhAI ane ramaNabhAI nIlakaMTha vacceno vivAda eka bAju 'priyaMvadA' ane 'sudarzana' ane bIjI bAju "jJAnasudhA'mAM maLe che. premAnaMdanAM nATakonAM kartutva vizeno vivAda 'gujarAtI ane 'samAlocaka'mAM cAle che. 'kaumudI'mAM maNilAlanA AtmavRttAMta vizeno vivAda AnaMdazaMkara dhruva ane aMbAlAla purANI vacce thAya che. 'samAlocakamAM govardhanarAma ane narasiMharAva vacce bhASAviSayaka vivAda maLe che to ramaNabhAI ane AnaMdazaMkara vacce dharmasiddhAMtono vivAda 'jJAnasudhA'mAM 0 198 ] * sAhityika patrakAratva vize thoDuMka * maLe che. kalAne khAtara kalA aMgeno munazI ane mahAtmA gAMdhI vacceno vivAda 'gujarAtI', 'kaumudI' ane 'navajIvanamAM maLe che. nhAnAlAlanA kAvya "suratAnI vADInA mIThA moralAnA arthaghaTana vize 'prasthAnamAM rA. vi. pAThaka ane baLavaMtarAya vacceno vivAda maLe che. e ja rIte baLavaMtarAyanI ageya arthapradhAna kavitAnI vibhAvanA sAme kavi khabaradArano virodha eka vivAda sarje che je prasthAna' ane 'mAdhurI 'mAM maLe che. kalApI ane saMcitane lagatA vivAda ApaNA be Adhunika vivecako jayanta koThArI ane rameza zukla vacce cAlyo che. cheka Aja sudhI "sAhityika patrakAratvamAM AvA vivAdo cAlatA rahyA che. A vivAdo mAtra aMgata pUrvagrahathI gherAyelA nahotA. emAMthI sAhityatattva sAMpaDe tevI carcA anusyuta hoya che. bhaviSyane mATe mArgadarzana pUruM pADe che, AvA vivAdo vartamAnapatramAM cAlI zakatA nathI ane cAle to tenuM sAhityika pota jaLavAya nahIM. sAhityika patrakAratva ja ene prANavAyu pUro pADI zake." AvA sAhityika patrakAratvathI keTalIka vAra abhivyaktinAM navAM svarUpo (dA. ta. pAtrarUpa avalokana prayojavAno) ane vividharaMgI gadya chaTA khIlavavAno avakAza maLe che. ghaNI vAra sAhityanA vikAsanI sAthosAtha te navI tAjagIbharI sarjakapratibhAnA nATyAtmaka pravezanI bhUmikA paNa racI Ape che. kavi nhAnAlAlanI prathama racanA "jJAnasudhAmAM pragaTa thaI. 'jJAnasudhA' e sudhAraka ramaNabhAInuM patra. emAM custa, dharmiSTha dalapatabhAInA dIkarAne kyAMthI sthAna maLe ? AthI hAnAlAle potAnA nAmane badale 'premabhakti' upanAmathI kAvya lakhyuM ane saranAmuM na lakhyuM. ramaNabhAIne kAvya gamyuM paNa pAkuM nAma-saranAmuM meLavavA mATe ramaNabhAIe "jJAnasudhA'nA pUMThA para lakhyuM ke 'premabhaktinuM kAvya maLyuM che, paNa kavi potAnuM nAma nahIM mokale tyAM sudhI ame te chApIzuM nahIM. nhAnAlAle nAma na ja mokalyuM. aMte ramaNabhAIe kAvya pragaTa karyuM. dalapatarAmanI chellI avasthA hatI tyAre TapAlamAM A 'jJAnasudhA' AvyuM ane pro. narabherAma davee to vAMcI saMbhaLAvyuM. A sAMbhaLIne kavi dalapatarAme kahyuM hatuM ke prAsa meLavatAM AvaDatuM nathI ane kAvya lakhe che. hAnAlAlanA 'vasaMtotsava' kAvyanuM prathama prAgaTya paNa "jJAnasudhA'mAM thayuM. vasaMtotsavamAM mULa pATha, pachI pustakarUpe pragaTa thayelI e racanA sAthe sarakhAvavAnI taka abhyAsIne maLe che. sAhityika patrakAratvamAM kAcA sonA jevI AvI ghaNI sAmagrI upalabdha hoya che. emAM eka ja lekhaka judA judA takhallusathI lakhatA hoya tevuM jovA maLe che. jema ke "bhramara', 'zAradvata', 'pathika', 'jJAnabALA', ane 'x' e konuM 0 199 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * takhallusa che te jANo cho ? narasiMharAva diveTiyAnuM. jhINAbhAI desAI 'sneharazmi'e prAraMbhanAM sarjanomAM kayuM nAma rAkhyuM hatuM ? e nAma hatuM 'dilIpa". purANAnaMda', 'akkalAnaMda', 'vAzAstrI', 'makaraMda' ane 'kautuka' evAM nAma ramaNabhAI nIlakaMThanAM takhallusa che. jema ramaNabhAIe haLavA lekho lakhyA e rIte bahu ochAne khyAla haze ke vidyAgaurI nIlakaMTha paNa haLavA lekho lakhyA hatA. vaLI eka ke be nahIM, paraMtu cha takhalluso rAkhIne. vidyAgaurI nIlakaMThanAM takhalluso hatAM : eka amadAvAda, suratI, oziMgaNa, kokilA urpha koyala urpha parabhUtikA, jagatanI sAmAnya koTimAM AvanAra, dezanuM hita jANanAra tathA nacita jevAM emanAM takhalluso maLe che. 'dhUmaketu' zarUAtamAM 'eka gujarAtI 'nA nAme lakhatA hatA. kyAreka sAhityika vivAdamAM potAnI jAta oLakhAya nahIM te mATe paNa AvAM takhallusono upayoga karAto hato. jo enI spaSTatA na thAya to e kAyamane mATe saMdigdha rahI jAya. jema ke hari harSada dhruvanA putra narasiMha dhruve judAM judAM pAMca takhallusothI mArmika ane coTadAra haLavA lekho temaja carcApatro lakhyAM hatAM. A lakhANa emaNe narahari dhruva, anila, nizamaNi, abhinava ane araviMdanAM takhallusathI lakhyAM hatAM. ramaNabhAI nIlakaMThe emanI mRtyunoMdha na lakhI hota to A takhallusonuM rahasya aMdhArAmAM ja rahyuM hota. atyAre sAhityika patrakAratvanI sthiti saheje utsAhapreraka nathI. sAhityika sAmayiko baMdha thatAM jAya che ane je che tenuM kada kRza thatuM jAya che. ane e rIte ApaNI agAunI sAhityika samRddhinI yogya jALavaNInI bAbatamAM paNa sthiti eTalI ja nirAzA preranArI che. govardhanarAma tripAThI , nAnAlAla ane ramaNabhAI nIlakaMTha jevAnA ghaNA lekho asaMkalita svarUpamAM graMthastha thayA vinAnA maLe che. ramaNabhAI nIlakaMThanA 'kavitA ane sAhityanA cAra bhAga pragaTa thayA che ane hajI pAMcamo bhAga pragaTa thAya teTalAM emanAM lakhANo maLe che. sAhityika lekho uparAMta bIjI ghaNI sAmagrI ApaNA sAhityika patrakAratvamAM paDelI che. govardhanarAmanuM caritra AlekhanAra zrI kAMtilAla chaganalAla paMDyA kemesTrInA adhyApaka hatA. emaNe 'samAlocakamAM potAnA videzapravAsanI rasaprada lekhamALA lakhelI che. Aje to A jUnI sAmagrI ochI thatI jAya che. graMthAlayomAM enI jatanabharI jALavaNI paNa thatI nathI. sAhityika patrakAratvano saLaMga itihAsa paNa nathI. AnaMdanI vAta che ke zrI kRSNavIra dIkSita Ano saLaMga itihAsa lakhI rahyA che. Ave samaye AmAM AvelI mahattvanI sAmagrIne graMthastha karIne kAyamane mATe upayogamAM levAya tema karavuM joIe. abhyAsIone saMzodhana ane a 200 0. * sAhityika patrakAratva vize thoDuMka * tAraNo mATe sAmagrI sulabha thavI joIe. mAtra sUci nahIM paNa svAdhyAya sAthe ane emAMthI tAravelI mahattvanI lekhasAmagrI sahita A sAmagrI pragaTa thAya to ja ApaNe ApaNA vArasAnuM jatana karyuM kahevAze. sAhityika patra-saMpAdananI samasyAo : dareka sAhityika patrano uddeza judo judo hoya che. jema ke 'graMthano' hetu pustakonuM avalokana ApavAno hato. 'paraba'no Azaya zuddha, sAhityika sAmagrI ApavAno gaNAya. 'kumAra' e kizoro mATe pragaTa thAya. Ama A sAhityika patrone cokkasa uddeza hoya che. joke e badhAnI pAchaLa sAhitya to hoya ja , paraMtu enA saMpAdakanI sauthI moTI samasyA e patranA uddeza pramANenuM lakhANa meLavavAnI che. 'saMskRti'no uddeza vyApaka hato paraMtu ghaNI vAra enI taMtrInI noMdha bAda karatAM sAhitya sivAyanI anya sAmagrI bahu ochI maLatI hatI. A saMpAdanamAM saMpAdakanI ruci keTalI saMskArAyelI che e paNa jovA maLe. zrI umAzaMkara jozI vAraMvAra kahetA ke vasaMtamAM zrI AnaMdazaMkarabhAI dhruvanI nIti evI hatI ke labdhapratiSTha lekhakanI kRtine bahu cakAsavI nahIM kAraNa ke emAM kRti nabaLI sAbita thAya to lekhakanI pratiSThA ochI thAya. joke A vAta sAthe saMmata thavAya tevuM nathI kAraNa ke labdhapratiSTha lekhakanI nabaLI kRtithI mAtra lekhakanI ja pratiSThA ochI nathI paraMtu sAmayikamAM ene sthAna ApanAra saMpAdakanI pratiSThA paNa ochI thAya che. e ja rIte keTalAka saMpAdakonuM mAnavuM che ke navA lekhako pAsethI to uttama kRti ja meLavavI joIe, kAraNa ke ene pratiSThA bAMdhavA mATe sakhata mahenata karavAnI hoya che. hakIkatamAM A baMne bAbata AtyaMtika che. saMpAdake potAnA baranI kRti pasaMda karavI joIe. emAM potAnA vicAro, pUrvagraha ke priya evAM lakhANo mUkavAM te sAhityika patrakAratvanI kamajorI che. AvA patrakAratvathI evuM paNa bane ke amuka patra amuka jUthanuM banI rahe - jUthavAda Ubho thAya. jema ke 'prasthAna' rAmanArAyaNa vizvanAtha pAThakanA jUthanuM hatuM ane kolakanuM 'mAdhurI' kavi khabaradAranA jUthanuM gaNAtuM hatuM. Ama 'prasthAna'mAM eka vAta kavizrI suMdaram lakhe ke tarata ja kolake eno javAba lakhatA hatA. AmAM kyAre ke vyaktigata badaboI AvI jatI. avalokanomAM paNa evA ja pUrvagraho jovA [] 201 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * maLe che. lekhanI cakAsaNI saMpAdaka bahuzruta hoya ane jAgrata hoya to ja thaI zake. kyAreka saMpAdaka mAtra AvelA lekhane sIdhesIdho kampojhamAM mUkI de che. emAM kyAMya enuM saMpAdana dekhAze nahIM. - vartamAnapatranA saMpAdanamAM ane sAhityika patrasaMpAdanamAM eka bheda che. AjanuM chApuM AvatIkAle bhulAI jAya che. ene mukAbale sAhityika patramAM AvatA lekho sthAyI mUlya dharAvatA hoya che. narasiMharAva, vijayarAya vaidya, govardhanarAma, ramaNabhAI nIlakaMTha jevAnAM sAmayikomAM pragaTa thayelA lekho pharI pharI vAMcavAnuM mana thAya che. emAMthI uttama koTinI sarjanakRti bhAvakone maLI rahe che. AthI sAhityika patranA saMpAdanamAM vadhu cIvaTa ane cokasAI paNa apekSita hoya che. zrI umAzaMkara jozI saMskRtinuM chellAmAM chelluM prUpha mazInapUpha jovAno Agraha sevatA hatA enI pAchaLa emano mukhya Azaya to sAhityika patramAM eka paNa bhUla AvavI joIe nahIM te hato. sAhityika patranI sAmagrInI pasaMdagImAM saMpAdaka dekhAvo joIe. saMskRtimAM zrI umAzaMkara jozI dekhAyA vinA rahe nahIM. saMskRtinI rocaka sAdAI ane sughaDatA jotAM ja eno anubhava thAya. e ja rIte 'kumAra 'mAM cIvaTa, rucinI sughaDatA ane chapAInI sughaDatA jovA maLe. enA saMpAdanamAM kyAMya lagharApaNuM dekhAya nahIM. AjanA saMpAdananI eka samasyA e che ke A saMpAdakomAMthI bahu ochAne navI kalamano upayoga karatA AvaDe che. hAjI mahaMmada jevA saMpAdaka lekhakanI suSupta zaktine oLakhI zakyA hatA. AthI munazI jevAne oraDImAM pUrIne lakhavAnI pharaja pADatA hatA. A ja sAhityika patroe dhUmaketu, jhaveracaMda meghANI, guNavaMtarAya AcArya jevA sarjako ApyA. sAhityika patromAM navI kRtio pragaTa thavA dIdhI. sAhityika patronuM saMpAdana evuM hoya ke sAhityano utkarSa emAMthI dekhAto hoya. sAhityika patrano saMpAdaka sAhitya pratye uttaradAyitva dharAve che. jema patrakAra samAja nA praznone pakaDIne ghaTanAone Alekhe che e ja rIte sAhityanI gatividhi jANavAnI ane teno ukela lAvavAnI zakti saMpAdakamAM hovI joIe. AvA sAhityika patro dvArA sAhityanA kUTa praznonI carcA thavI joIe. A carcA saMpAdaka pote kare athavA to e viSayanA tajjJone meLavIne emanA abhiprAyo dvArA karAve. sAhityika patrasaMpAdanamAM bhASAzuddhi, vyavasthita rajUAta, sAhityika zista, ruci, vaividhya, taTasthatA e badhuM to hoya ja, paraMtu A badhuM zene mATe 202 ] * sAhityika patrakAratva vize thoDuMka * che te enI najara sAme satata rahevuM joIe. keTalAM lavAjama bharAyAM te mahattvanuM nathI balka sAhityane upakAraka evI keTalI sAmagrI rajU thaI te mahattvanuM che. sAhityika patranA saMpAdanamAM khuvAra thavAnI taiyArI hovI joIe. vIsamI sadInA hAjI mahaMmada ke "navacetana'nA cAMpazIbhAI Ave samaye yAda Ave. vijayarAya vaidyane dara cAra mahine "mAnasI" mATe Tahela nAkhavAno vAro Avato. paraMtu A badhA potAne game evuM sAhityanuM sAmayika kADhIne khuvAra thanArA hatA. vaLI e samayano saMpAdaka e kAgaLa paNa kharIdavA jato, prinTarane tyAM paNa jato. enI jIvanadRSTi judI hatI. jarUriyAta ochI hatI. enAmAM khumArI hatI. emAM naphAnI koI AzA rAkhatA nahIM. cAMpazIbhAI jo sAmayikamAMthI vadhAre paisA maLe to vAcakone ekAda bheTa pustaka ApI detA. e saMpAdako kRtine tapAsIne ane enuM mUlyAMkana karyA bAda rajU karatA hatA. A badhuM ja svAMta: sukhAya cAlatuM hatuM. e sAmayikonA uddezo paNa spaSTa hatA. jemake "kumAra" ane 'navacetana' - baMne kizoro ke yuvAnane mATe sAmagrI ApavAno prayAsa karatA paNa eno abhigama ne AlekhanarIti judAM hatAM. kumAramAM sAhityika kRti pragaTa thatI paraMtu e vyApaka arthamAM caritra, citra, zilpa, vizenA lekho paNa ApatuM. Ama prajAnI saMskAritA para enI najara hatI. jyAre navacetana AnAthI juduM paDatuM. koI yuvAna kAvya ke TUMkI vArtA lakhe, paNa jyAM sudhI e pragaTa na thAya tyAM sudhI ene rekagnizana kaI rIte maLe ? jo sAmayika jANItA lekhakonI ja kRtio pragaTa kare to navoditonuM zuM ? A arthamAM navacetane mALInuM kAma karyuM. navA lekhakone prekTisa karavAnI taka ApI. AnI sAme sAmayike patranA vecANamAM muzkelI paDe kAraNa ke nabaLI kRti Ave athavA to ajANyA lekhakanI kRti Ave enuM vecANa ochuM thAya te svAbhAvika che. Aje AvuM mALInuM kAma karatuM koI sAhityika patra dekhAtuM nathI. AjanA sAhityika patrone eka bIjA paDakArano sAmano paNa karavo paDe che. eka samaye gujarAtamAM pustakanI ghaNI pratiSThA hatI. pustako ochAM pragaTa thatAM ane sAhityika patramAM sAhityanAM judAM judAM svarUpo AvatAM. Aje vArtAo mATe dainiko che tevuM e samaye nahotuM. 2. va. desAInI navalakathA sayAjI vijayamAM pragaTa thatI hoya. gokuladAsa rAyacurA ane maMttamayUranI kRtio UrmimAM pragaTa thatI hoya. have mAtra sAhityika patro ja kAvyo ke kRtio chApe tevuM rahyuM nathI. bIjI bAju vArtAnAM sAmayiko eTalAM badhAM nIkaLyAM ke savAla e Ubho thAya ke ene mATe sattvazIla vArtAo kyAMthI meLavavI ? 203n

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gujarAtI bALasAhitya : navI kSitijo * zabdasamIpa * AjanA patrakAratvamAM e ke zabda prayojAya che - "jarnAlisTika enTaraTeinamenTa' - A jarnAlisTika enTaraTeinamenTamAM nATanuM avalokana Ave, vArtA Ave, navalakathA Ave - A badhuM sAhityanI thoDIghaNI chApa dharAvatuM hoya paNa emAM manoraMjana mukhya banI jAya che. vaLI A dainiko aThavADiko ne mAsiko kADhe che. raMgataraMga jevAM DAijesTa paNa kADhe che. sAhityika patranA saMpAdakane eka bIjo paNa paDakAra Ubho thayo che. eka samaye sAhityika patra sAthe amuka lekhaka joDAyelo raheto. karasanadAsa mANekanI kRti vAMcavI hoya to Urmi jovuM paDe. umAzaMkaranA vicAro jANavA hoya to saMskRti vAMcavuM paDe. Aje zrI bhoLAbhAI paTelanuM pravAsavarNana vAMcavA parabanI jarUra na rahe, saMdezamAM e maLI jAya. bakula tripAThI, harIndra dave ane lagabhaga moTAbhAganA lekhako vize Ama kahI zakAya. eka samaye sAmayika pAse je viziSTa lekhakavarga hato tevuM Arja nathI. dainiko sAthenI spardhAmAM enI harIphAI kare eTalA lekhako paNa sAhityika patro pAse nathI. bIjI rIte kahIe to lekhakavarga vaheMcAI gayo che. AthI evuM banyuM che ke je lekha saMzodhanAtmaka hoya, dainika nahIM paNa vArSika aMkamAM ya sthAna pAme nahIM evA lekho sAhityika patromAM Ave che. Aje sAhityika patranI AbohavA jovA maLatI nathI enAM aneka kAraNo gaNI zakAya. dainikonI harIphAI, uttama sAhityanuM sarjana karavAnI kSamatA ane vRttimAM AvatI oTa, saMpAdaka pAse vidvattA uparAMta thoDA tyAgabhAvanI jarU2, zuddha sAhityanA ochA thatA vAMcako - vaLI saMpAdakamAM potAnAmAM kasa hovo joIe. kRtine maThAravI paDe. enuM mUlyAMkana karavuM paDe. mAtra AvelI kRtine emane ema mUkI devAno koI artha nathI. A sthiti badalAvAnI nathI. saMpAdanano tarIko badalavo paDaze. ekalA sAhityika patronI ja A hAlata thaI nathI, saMskArajIvanane lagatA badhA ja patronI A sthiti thaI che. strI-viSayaka mAsiko keTalAM cAle che ? vyApArapradhAna samAja , daivatavALA lakhANanI ochapa ane manoraMjanapriya vAcaka - e traNa sauthI moTA paDakArono AjanA sAhityika patranA saMpAdake sAmano karavAno gujarAtI bALasAhitye ekavIsamI sadImAM kaI navI kSitijo ughADavAnI che ? atyAra sudhI vaNakheDAyelA kayAM navAM kSetro para eNe prayANa AdaravAnuM che ? Aje vIsamI sadInI vidAyaveLAe gujarAtI bALasAhitya sAme anekavidha paDakAra che. TekanaoNlojImAM thatAM navAM zodhasaMzodhana sAthe pracaMDa kALapravAhamAM ApaNe icchAanicchAe paNa vahI rahyA chIe, teve samaye A pravAhamAM taravA mATe ane tarIne iSTa mukAme pahoMcavA mATenI puruSArthavRtti jAge te mATe bALasAhityanuM sarjana anivArya che. cotarapha vadhatI jatI hiMsA ane mAnavajAti mATe toLAtA pradUSaNanA saMkaTa vacce eka vidhAyaka paribaLa tarIke AvatI sadInA bALasAhityano vicAra karavo joIe. Aje ApaNI pAse je jJAna-vijJAna, kalpanA, zabdakaLA, - je kaMI uttama che te ApIne AvatI sadInA bALakane AnaMdathI tarabatara karI zakIzuM ? bALasAhitya lakhavA mATe lekhake bALakAyApraveza karavo paDe che ane A kArya samartha lekhakane paNa paDakArarUpa banatuM hoya che. AthI ja TaoNlsTaoNye kahyuM ke moTI navalakathA lakhavI sahelI, paNa parIkathA ke hAlaraDuM lakhavuM agharuM. ApaNI bhASA keTalI nasIbadAra ke ene gijubhAI jevA moTA gajAnA 205 ] che. a 204 ]

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zabdasamIpa sarjaka maLyA . e sarjake bALakonI bhASA, emanA jagata ane emanI anubhUtimAM pravezIne ApaNA sahumAM vasatA 'bALizazu'ne tAla sAthe DolAvyo ane gAna sAthe nacAvyo. gijubhAInI sAhityika pravRttinA kendramAM bALaka hatuM. durbhAgye Aje sarjAtA bALasAhityanA kendramAM mahad aMze bajAra che. pariNAme bALakonI cetanA saMkoravAno bALasAhityakArano prayAsa ane pravRtti kSINa thayAM ane pharamAizathI lakhAtuM thokabaMdha bALasAhitya pragaTa thavA lAgyuM. sarakAra amuka varSanI ujavaNI kare eTale ene lagatuM bALasAhitya pragaTa karavAmAM Ave. eka samaye gujarAtamAM AvI rIte thobaMdha krAMtivIronuM sAhitya pragaTa thayuM hatuM. sarjaka preraNAne vaza vartIne lakhe, maulika saMvedanane pragaTa karavA mathe ane zizunI sRSTimAM taraboLa bane, tevuM ochuM thatAM tAjagIbharI racanAo kvacit ja sAMpaDe che. bALasAhityanA sarjanano vicAra karIe tyAre bALakanAM vaya ane stara baMneno vicAra karavo joIe. AdivAsI bALaka ane zaherI bALakanuM mAnasavizva ghaNuM bhinna hoya che. vaLI bALasAhityamAM sarjana, viSaya ane sacitratA - e traNa bAbato para lekhake vizeSa lakSa kendrita karavuM joIe. gijubhAI maLyA e pachI bALasAhityanI pravRtti vikasI, paraMtu chellA keTalAka samayathI bALasAhitya ane tene pUraka evI pravRttionA vikAsano UMco Alekha ApI zakAya tema nathI. bALazabdakoza, bALavizvakoza, bALagraMthAlaya, bALasAmayika uparAMta bALasAhityanI sUci, bALasAhityanuM vivecana, bALaraMgabhUmi jevI ghaNI bAbatomAM gujarAte hajI pA pA pagalI paNa bharI che. bALazabdakoza vize ghaNuM kAma bAkI che ane bRhad bALazabdakoza 21mI sadImAM maLe evI apekSA rAkhI zakAya. gujarAtImAM bALako mATe vistRta evo bALavizvakoza upalabdha thayo nathI. vizvanA prAraMbhakALathI joIe to mAtA-pitA ane kuTuMba bALakanI ciMtA sevatAM rahyAM che. ghaNI bAbatamAM ApaNe rAha joI zakIe, paNa bALaka rAha nahIM jue. e jANavA mAge che ke hRdaya zA mATe dhabake che ? sUrya pRthvIthI keTalo dUra che ? avakAzayAna AkAzamAM kaI rIte UDe che ane sabamarIna pANImAM kaI Q 206 ] gujarAtI bALasAhitya : navI kSitijo * rIte cAle che ? bIjI badhI bAbatane mATe AvatI kAla hoI zake, kiMtu AjanuM ja bIjuM nAma bALaka che. bALakonA vizvakozanI lakhAvaTa judA prakAranI hoya che; jema ke, caMdra vizenuM 'gujarAtI vizvakoza'nuM adhikaraNa joIe to eno prAraMbha A rIte thAya che : "pRthvIno kudaratI upagraha. vAyurUpa dravyanA svataMtra ghanIbhavanathI caMdranI utpatti thaI hoya tevo eka mata che ane pachIthI pRthvI vaDe pragrahaNa pAmyo hoya. pRthvI sAthe ja dravyanuM ghanIbhavana thayuM hoya ane pachI vibhAjanane kAraNe caMdra pRthvImAMthI chUTo paDyo hoya tevo bIjo mata che. ghaNA lAMbA samayathI caMdra upara thatI bhUstarIya prakriyAo aTakI gaI hovAthI tenI sapATI prAcIna tattvo, padArtho ane ghaTanAono bhaMDAra gaNI zakAya." jyAre caMdra vizenuM bALavizvakozanuM adhikaraNa A pramANe haze : "avakAzamAM ApaNo sauthI vadhu najIkano paDozI caMdra che, paNa e caMdra para pRthvInI mAphaka satata uSNatAmAna jaLavAya evuM koI vAtAvaraNa nathI. caMdra para pANI nathI ane tethI pazuo ke choDa tyAM hotAM nathI." vagere.... eka samaye gujarAta pAse potIko vizvakoza nahoto. Aje gujarAtI vizvakozanI pravRtti e UNapa pUrI rahI che, paraMtu gujarAta pAse bALavizvakoza to nathI ja. 1942mAM gaNeza bhiDee marAThI bALakoza bahAra pADyo. 1984mAM asamiyA bhASAmAM 'zizujJAnakoza' pragaTa thayo. e pachI 1975thI 1978 vacce baMgALI bhASAmAM 'choTeThera vizvakoza' prakAzita thayo. 1976mAM malayALama bhASAmAM 'bALavijJAnakoza' pragaTa thayo. UMDiyAmAM vizvakozanA bhekhadhArI vinoda kAnUnagoe 'zizu jJAnamaMDaLa' nAmano bALavizvakoza 1988mAM Apyo. telugu bhASAmAM paNa bI. subbAraoNye I. sa. 1990mAM 'bALavijJAnasarvasva' pragaTa karyo. gujarAtI bhASAmAM Avo bALavizvakoza AvatI kAlanI sauthI moTI jarUriyAta haze. have to kampyUTara AvatAM A bALavizvakoza kampyUTara para joI-vAMcI zakAze. eka ja udAharaNa joIe to 200 varSathI kAryarata ensAiklopIDiyA briTAnikAnA Encarta '99mAM sI.DI. raoNmamAM 65,000 viSayo, 10,000 citro ane koThAo, cAra lAkha saMdarbho tathA 44 karoDa zabdono DeTAbejha samAvavAmAM Avyo che. A ja rIte judA judA viSayone - 207 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * anulakSIne paNa bALako mATe vizvakoza taiyAra thAya che ane te sI.DI. raoNma para upalabdha thAya che. pustakAkAre rahelA vizvakozamAM citronI maryAdA Ave che ane dhvaninI koI sagavaDa hotI nathI. jyAre sI.DI. raoNmamAM citro uparAMta e vyaktino avAja, saMgIta, eNnimezana paNa ApI zakAya che. gujarAtImAM bALasAhityano sI .DI. raoNma taiyAra thAya e to dUranI vAta rahI, paNa ene mATe sAmagrIrUpa evo prathama to bALakono vizvakoza joIe. bALakanA citta para graMtha rUpe pragaTa thayelo vizva koza vadhu prabhAvaka banaze. AvatI sadInA bALagraMthAlayanI vAta karIe tyAre emAM AvanArA parivartanano vicAra karavo joIe. amerikAnA nyU jarsI zaheramAM eka nava varSanA bALake kahyuM ke A kevI addabhuta bAbata gaNAya ! mArA homa peja para eka prazna pUchuM ane deza- dezanA keTalAya loko tamane enA javAba Ape. e sAcuM che ke kayUTare AjanA bALakanI sRSTi para ghaNo moTo prabhAva pADyo che. hakIkatamAM audyogika krAMti pachI ilekTronika krAMtinI vAta karavAmAM Ave che, paNa ApaNAM graMthAlayomAM to bevaDI krAMti AvI rahI che. eka che intellectual revolution ane bIjI che technological revolution, AmAM tame mAtra TekanaoNlojIno ja upayoga nahIM karo, paraMtu bauddhika bAbato aMge paNa tamane vicAravAno khorAka maLaze. evI ja rIte zabdo ane 'imeja' kamyuTaranA skrIna para jhaDapathI pasAra thaze ane tame iccho te pramANe ene goThavI zakazo athavA to judAM pADI zakazo. A rIte graMthAlayonA mULabhUta svarUpamAM ja parivartana Avaze . library zabda laeNTina zabda liber parathI Avyo jeno artha thAya che pustako; paNa Aje graMthAlayo mAtra graMthothI pUraka jJAna ja ApatAM nathI. pahelAM lAibrerI 'saplimenTa' (supplement) hatI, have ene * kaoNmplimenTa' (complement) banAvavAmAM AvI che. A rIte lAibrerImAM pustaka vAMcavAnuM nahIM Ave, paNa tamAre surf karavAnuM Avaze. vaLI have graMthAlayanuM kArya vistRta banIne te mAhitI, zikSaNa ane manoraMjana ApavAnuM kAma paNa kare che. lAibrerImAM 'reka' para mUkelAM pustako have adRzya thatAM jAya che. videzanI keTalIka lAibrerImAM mAtra kamyuTara ane sAme besavAnI khurasI eTaluM ja hoya che. A graMthAlayanI vistaratI kSitijomAM aneka bAbatono samAveza thAya che. dainika, sAmayika, Diska, kaeNseTa, Tepare kaoNrDiMga, philma, viDiyo, a 208 ] * gujarAtI bALasAhitya : navI kSitijo * phoTogrApha, mAikroriproDakzana, kamyuTarAijhaDa DeTAbejha, nakazAo, breilalipi ane pustako AmAM samAveza pAme che. A rIte kRSividyAno abhyAsa karato vidyArthI pAka kaI rIte vadhu laI zakAya tenI jANakArI philma ke viDiyothI meLavaze. e ja rIte khyAtanAma saMgItakAronAM pustako sAthe e saMgItakAronA saMgItanI kaeNseTa sAMbhaLI zakAze. akhabAra ane sAmayika dvArA e adyatana vigata meLavaze, paNa ethIye vadhu kamyuTarAijhaDa nyUjha sarvisa, viDiyo TesTa ke vebasAiTano upayoga karaze. eka evI kalpanA karavAmAM Ave che ke lekhaka pote graMthAlayamAM jaIne vArtA kaheze. saMgIta sAthe e vArtA rajU karaze ane e dvArA e bALakone vArtAkAranI vArtAnuM pustaka vAMcavAnI preraNA Apaze. videzanAM keTalAMka bALagraMthAlayomAM prAthamika zALAnA ane mAdhyamika zALAnA vidyArthIo mATe judAM bALagraMthAlayo hoya che. mAtA-pitA paNa bALakane enAM manapasaMda ramakaDAM, gamatAM kapaDAMnI sAthosAtha ene priya pustako ApatAM hoya che. phrAMsa, jarmanI, greTa briTana ane oNnDineviyana dezomAM pratyeka nizALamAM bALagraMthAlaya hoya che ane Aje bALagraMthAlayonuM maMDaLa sAmayika pragaTa kare che. A tabakke bALako mATe beMgloramAM taiyAra thaI rahelA kamyuTeriyama vize vicAravuM joIe. pleneTeriyamanI mApha ka A kamyuTeriyama bALakane prayoga ane anubhava karavAnI taka Apaze. ahIM bALaka kayUTara dvArA sabamarInano ke AkAzI uzyanano anubhava meLavI zakaze. vebasAiTa dvArA bALaka ane e udyoga vacce joDANa karavAmAM Avaze ane bALaka A kamyuTara mAtra enI AMkho, dADhI ke koNI halAvIne calAvI zakaze. aDhAra mahinAnI vaya dharAvatuM bALaka paNa enuM moDiphAiDa kI-baoNrDa vAparI zakaze. AmAM sAibara zaoNpa ane oNDiTa riyama haze. DijiTala ArTa progrAma haze. ane A rIte kamyuTara dvArA bALakane adbhuta vizvanI yAtrA karAvavAmAM Avaze. beMgloramAM thatA kamyuTeriyamamAM bALako mATenuM graMthAlaya, inTaraneTa temaja viDiyo kaoNnpharansa karavAnI suvidhA paNa goThavI che. sAmAnya rIte videzamAM vijJAnanAM myujhiyamomAM A prakAranA kayUTarano upayoga thAya che. sI.DI. raoNmamAM khAsa bALako mATenAM saoNphTavera taiyAra thaI rahyAM che, jemAM citro, zabdo , saMgItamaya kathAnaka ane kayUTaranA paDadA para malTimIDiyA mAsTarapIsa rajU thaI rahyAM che. bALake pakSIonI oLakha kaI rIte meLavavI ke a 209 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * AkAzanA tArAono abhyAsa kaI rIte karavo evI bAbata sI.DI. raoNma samajAvaze. vijJAna, aMgrejI ane sAmAjika zAstrone paNa gIto, ramato, pravRttio, rhymes ane kathAo dvArA darzAvaze. gaNita jevo viSaya paNa judAM judAM eNnimezanathI zIkhavavAmAM Ave che. gaNita zIkhavatA eka kalAkanA sI.DI. raoNmamAM bALakane jANe evo anubhava thayo ke ene agharuM gaNita bhaNavuM paDatuM nathI, balake ramata ramavI paDe che. hakIkatamAM zIghra javAba ApanAra bALake eka kalAkamAM 70 thI 100 jeTalA gaNitanA dAkhalAo ukelyA hatA. vargamAM thatA abhyAsamAM pUraka sAmagrI rUpe A sI.DI. raoNma AvI rahyAM che, jemAM sUryazaktithI mAMDIne mAnavazarIra sudhI ane prANIjagatathI mAMDIne jagatanA samudronA paricaya ApavAmAM AvyA che. A rIte sI. DI. raoNma bALakone zikSaNa, mUlyo ane manoraMjana e traNeya ekasAthe Apaze. bALakone AkarSaka abhivyakti, netradIpaka raMgo vagerethI A saoNphTavera AkarSatuM raheze. A badhI thaI AvatI sadImAM AvanArI vastuonI vAto, paraMtu gujarAtamAM sama khAvA mATe paNa bALagraMthAlaya nathI. kyAMka moTA pustakAlayanA vibhAga rUpe te pravRtta che. paraMtu bALako mATe jema 'phana varlDa' thAya che te rIte adyatana suvidhAothI susajja bALapustakAlaya karavAnuM koI vicAraze kharA ? A bALapustakAlayamAM judI judI kalAono saMgama hoya ane e adyatana upakaraNo dvArA bALakane AjanA vizva sAthe joDI ApatuM hoya. e hakIkata che ke bALaka hAthamAM pustaka rAkhe to vadhu AsAnIthI enuM citta emAM ekAgra karI zake che. ene vize vicAravAnI ane vAgoLavAnI ene kSaNo maLe che. temaja te jANavA ane samajavA mATe jeTalo samaya joIe teTalo meLavI zake che. jyAre kampyUTaranA skrIna para vAMcatA bALakane judA ja anubhavamAMthI pasAra thavuM paDe che. vaLI e skrIna para AvatI viSayasAmagrIne UMDANathI vAMcavA mATe paNa eNe ghaNI mahenata karavI paDe che. eka zabda, paMkti ke pRSTha para ekAgratA sAdhavI e mATe muzkela bane che ke e tarata ja bIjA pAnA para doDI javAnI utAvaLa karato hoya che. AthI A mAdhyama eTaluM pravAhI, tarala ane volatile che ke je vicAra karavA aMgenA prayatnane jhAjhuM protsAhita karatuM nathI. Humanities e mULabhUta rIte mAnavIya sAhasa sAthe saMkaLAyelI bAbata che ane graMthAlayomAM pustaka rUpe enI noMdha thayelI hoya che. e pustakamAMthI ja ] 210] * gujarAtI bALasAhitya : navI kSitijo * ApaNe satyanI khoja karIe chIe, jJAnanI zodha AdarIe chIe ane wisdom pAmavAno prayAsa karIe chIe. savAla e che ke A bAbata 21mI sadInA navIna krAMtipravAhamAM keTalI jaLavAze ? gujarAtI bALasAmayikonI sthiti atyaMta du:khada che. 1862mAM khristI mizanarIoe nAnAM bALako mATe 'satyodaya' nAmanuM bALasAmayika dharmaprasAranA hetuthI gujarAtImAM pragaTa karyuM. gujarAtane sAcA arthamAM bALasAmayika ApavAnuM zreya pArasIone jAya che. I. sa. 1877nA sapTembaramAM 'muMbaI samAcAra'nA chApakhAnAmAM chapAyeluM pArasI bolInI chAMTavALuM 'bALodaya' nAmanuM bAra pAnAMnuM mAsika maLyuM. e pachInI bALasAmayikonI yAtrAmAM bharatI AvI, paNa chellA doDheka dAyakAthI emAM oTa vartAya che. Arthika muzkelIo sAme jhajhUmanAra bALasAmayikone paNa aMte niSphaLatA maLI. bALakonI badalAyelI ruci pramANe sAmayikanuM kalevara, viSayavastu ane bhASA badalAtAM hovAM joIe. te sAthe gujarAtI bALasAyiko tAlase kadama milAvI zakyAM nahIM. moTuM mUDIrokANa, kAgaLa, chApakAmanA vadhelA bhAvo tathA vecANataMtranA abhAvane kAraNe 21mI sadImAM UjaLI AzA Ape evuM gujarAtI sAmayika Aje dekhAtuM nathI. 21mI sadInAM bALasAmayikone ghaNA paDakAro jhIlavAnA che. e paDakAro jhIlIne koI bALasAmayikanuM prAgaTya thAya. 21mI sadImAM bALako mATeno zabdakoza, vizvakoza, graMthAlaya ane raMgabhUmi aMge saMniSTha prayAsa thAya. bALasAhityanI sUcinuM kAma hAtha para levAya ane bALasAhityanuM vivecana thatuM rahe tevI apekSA asthAne nathI. (21mI sadInuM bALasAhitya : parisaMvAdanuM adhyakSIya vaktavya) 211]

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bALavizvakoza | 'divAsvapna' pustakamAM bALazikSaNanA ArSadraSTA gijubhAIe zikSaka tarIkeno svAnubhavano arka ApIne teno ucca Adarza samajAvyo che. gujarAtI bALasAhityamAM mahattvanuM pradAna karanAra gijubhAIe bIjuM kazuM lakhyuM na hota ane e kaluM 'divAsvapna' lakhyuM hota to paNa zikSaNa ane sAhityanA kSetramAM temanI kIrti A pustakathI cirasthAyI rahI hote, zikSaNanA ArSadraSTA gijubhAInuM bhAvavizva AmAM bhAvi darzanarUpe pragaTyuM che. bALazikSaNanAM teo be aMtima lakSyabiMdu darzAve che. prathama teo bALavizvavidyAlaya(Children's University)nI ji kara kare che. vartamAna samayanA yunivarsiTInA khyAlathI emano khyAla taddana bhinna che. Aje to yunivarsiTI padavI pradAna kare che, jyAre gijubhAInuM bALa-vizvavidyAlaya eTale bALakonA tamAma prazanono jemAM ukela maLe temaja bALako sarvAgI vikAsa sAdhI zake tevuM kendra, A bALa-vizvavidyAlaya e zikSaNanuM sIdhuM kendra bane. gijubhAIe bIjo krAMtikArI vicAra Apyo bALa-vizva kozano. e samaye samagra dezamAM bALazikSaNanA kSetre AvA krAMtikArI vicAro rajU karanAra gijubhAI prathama ja haze. bALakane vAMcavAnI jijJAsA 0 212 ] * bALavizvakoza * jagADe ane tRpta kare tathA ene kazuMka jAte karavAno utsAha jagADe tevA bALavizvakozanI emaNe kalpanA karI hatI. gijubhAInI janmazatAbdinI ApaNe ujavaNI karI cUkyA chIe, paraMtu emanI bALavizvakozanI kalpanA koI sAkAra karI zakyuM nathI. zuM samAjaghaDataranA pAyAnAM aMga samAM bALako mATe AvA mahattvanA jJAnasAdhanano abhAva du:khadAyaka lAgato nathI ? prajAnI pragati, samRddhi ane saMskRtinuM mApa tenI jJAnasajjatA ane jJAnasAdhanonI vipulatA parathI nIkaLe che. jJAna-vijJAnanI tamAma zAkhAonI mAhitI koI eka ja sAdhanamAM ekatrita svarUpe mAtra vizvakozamAM prApta thAya. che. vizvakoza eTale vizvavidyAno koza. videzamAM vizvakoza(ensAiklopIDiyA)nI sAthosAtha bALavizvakozanI pravRtti paNa cAlatI rahI che. phrAMsamAM jhona vAgusele I. sa. 1995mAM bALavizvakozanI prathama racanA karI. 1835mAM losa vee 'smaoNla cilDransa ensAiklopIDiyA' prakAzita karyo, paraMtu bALavizvakozanA jagatamAM sImAstaMbharUpa to I. sa. 1910mAM pragaTa thayelo Arthara mIno 'cilDrana ensAiklopIDiyA' che. e pachI be varSa bAda seMkaDo citro sAthe 'The Book of Knowledge' prakAzita thaI. 1934mAM briTAnikAno 'briTAnikA juniyara ensAiklopIDiyA' taiyAra karavAmAM Avyo. 1963mAM 'ensAiklopIDiyA briTAnikA'e bAra varSathI nAnI vayanAM bALako mATe vaLI bIjo ja 'briTAnikA juniyara ensAiklopIDiyA' taiyAra karyo. amerikAmAM 1894mAM phrenka krompaTane TuDanTsa ensAiklopIDiyA taiyAra karyo ane eNe ghera ghera jaIne enuM vecANa karyuM. e pachI krompaTane citramaya vizvakoza Apyo ane enuM A kArya bALavizvakozanI duniyAmAM eka krAMtikArI kadama banI rahyuM. jemaNe hamaNAM ja vAMcavAnI zarUAta karI che evAM bALako mATe "ensAiklopIDiyA briTAnikAe navA prakArano vizvakoza rajU karyo. krompaTanano 'yaMga cilDransa ensAiklopIDiyA' thoDI vigata ane aneka citro sAthe bAra bhAgamAM prasiddha thayo. chellA traNa dAyakAmAM aMgrejI traNathI ATha varSanAM ane AThathI tera varSanI uMmaranAM bALakone mATe ghaNA bALavizvakoza pragaTa thaI rahyA che. enI rajUAtanI 213 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * zailI eTalI badhI rasaprada rAkhavAmAM Ave che ke e bALakone satata AkarSatI rahe che. 'odhAma' ane 'hemalina' jevI saMsthAoe pragaTa karelA bALavizvakozamAM viSayavastunI sAmagrI praznottarInA rUpamAM AlekhavAmAM AvI che. AmAM prazna evI rIte rajU karavAmAM Ave ke jethI bALakonI jJAna meLavavAnI jijJAsA jAgrata thAya ane pachI uttarathI yogya rIte saMtoSa pAme. jemake - (1) khurazIno zodhaka koNa che ? (2) ApaNe zA mATe janmadivasa UjavIe chIe ? (3) sUrya keTalo garama che ? (4) pRthvInA peTALamAM zuM che ? A rIte AThathI tera varSanAM bALakone kalA ane vijJAnanA viSayone AvarI letI praznottarI dvArA jJAnasaMcaya ApavAno prayatna thayo. AvI ja rIte 'Tell me why, More tell me Why' ane 'Still more tell me why' jevI zreNI dvArA bALako samakSa vizvanI mAhitIno bhaMDAra rajU karavAmAM Avyo che. traNathI ATha varSanAM bALako mATe 1965mAM nyUyaoNrkanA golDana prese pragaTa karelo 'My First Golden Encyclopaedea' 1500 citro ane 350 pAnAMno eka mahattvano bALavizvakoza che. bhAratanI anya bhASAomAM bALavizvakoza mATe sabaLa prayAsa thayA che. I. sa. 1942mAM vyavahArika jJAnakoza maMDaLa dvArA gaNeza bhIMDee marAThImAM bALakoza lakhyo. malayALama bhASAmAM I. sa. 1958mAM payamayallIla pillAe bALavizvakozanI racanA karI. I. sa. 1963mAM telugu ane I. sa. 1964mAM timiLa bhASAmAM anukrame pI. ena. devadAsa ane vI. tillAnAyakame A kArya karyuM. I. sa. 1965mAM banI bAsue baMgALImAM Avo prayAsa karyo. bhAratanI anya bhASAomAM A pravRttino prAraMbha thayAne traNa ke cAra dAyakA thayA che. marAThI, malayALama ane baMgALI bhASAmAM to bALako mATe vijJAnakoza ane caritrakoza paNa taiyAra thayA che tyAre ApaNe AmAM pahelI nAnI pagalI paNa pADI nathI. sAmAnya (General) ensAiklopIDiyAmAM sAcI ane pramANabhUta vigato joIe, paraMtu bALavizvakozamAM mAtra ahIMthI ja aTakI javAnuM nathI. emAM to bALako samajI zake tevI bhASAmAM A lekho lakhAyelA hovA joIe. pariNAme ] 214] bALavizvakoza Aje videzamAM AnA saMpAdako pahelA skUlamAM enA lekho mokale che, zikSako pAsethI sUcano maMgAve che ane pachI emAM jarUrI sudhArA-vadhArA karI ene prakAzita kare che. sAthosAtha emanA zaikSaNika salAhakAro paNa lekho cakAse che ane pachI e sAmagrI prakAzanArthe mokalAya che. bALavizvakozanuM bIjuM mahattvanuM pAsuM e enI UDIne AMkhe vaLage tevI sacitratA che. zabdonI mAphaka citro paNa bolatAM hovA joIe. temaja tasavIro, nakazA, citro, koThAo vagerethI enI sacitratA vizeSa samRddha banavI joIe. kemesTrImAM AvatA 'vaoNlyuma' zabdane janarala ensAiklopIDiyA sIdhesIdho samajAvaze, paraMtu bALakone enI samaja ApavI hoya to te kriyA dvArA ApavI joIe. eka nAno phuggo batAvo ane pachI havA bharelo bIjo phuggo batAvIne havA bharI mATe kada vadhyuM te samajAvavuM joIe. bALavizvakozano saMpAdaka bALamAnasano ane bALazikSaNano jJAtA hovo joIe. bALavizvakozamAM jijJAsApreraka ane kriyApreraka rajUAta dvArA bALakone jJAtamAMthI ajJAta (KnownmAMthI Unknown) tarapha laI javA joIe. e ATaluM jANe che, bALakane ATalI jANakArI ApI che ane temAMthI ene vadhu jANavAnI icchA thAya tevo Ano krama rahevo joIe. bALavizvakozanA saMpAdakane sauthI moTo paDakAra bhASAno hoya che. bALakonI kakSAne anurUpa evI saraLa ane rasaprada rajUAta te AnI mukhya bAbata che. kyAreka bALakone vArtA kahIne (ane te paNa hakIkatane saheje vikRta karyA vinA) A prakAranuM lakhANa ApavAmAM Ave che. vArtA e bALakanI sAhajika jijJAsAne saMtoSe che te sAcuM, paraMtu e jijJAsAnI paritRpti thatAM tyAM ja enuM pUrNavirAma Ave che. bALavizvakozano hetu to vijJAna, kalA ane bIjI zAkhAono paricaya ApavAno to che ja. paraMtu ethI ya vizeSa bALakomAM vadhu jANavAnI jijJAsA uttejavAno che ane AthI ja Aje ghaNA bALavizvakoza prazna ane uttaranA rUpamAM sAMpaDe che. gujarAtanA AjanA bALakanI rucine tRpta kare evo bALavizvakoza ApaNI pAyAnI jarUriyAta che. Aje bALakanA jIvanamAM Telivijhana, TeparekaoNrDara, reDiyo, Teliskopa ke eNnTibAyaoNTika davAo enA jIvananA bhAgarUpa banI gaI che. D215]

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'ugatI juvAnInI apragaTa mudraNaprata * zabdasamIpa * potAnA pitA, bhAI ane bahena je kaMI kare che tevuM athavA tenAthI vadhu AgaLa javuM te Adhunika bALakanA svabhAvano eka aMza che. jo te A na karI zake to ene eka prakAranI hatAzAno anubhava thAya che. atisaMkula vizvamAM Ajano bALaka AtmavizvAsathI Ubho rahevA mAge che ane tene mATe bALavizvakoza jANavAnuM ane zIkhavAnuM mahattvanuM sAdhana banI rahe che. gujarAtI bhASAmAM bALasAhityanuM mAtabara sarjana thayuM che, paraMtu bALavizvakozanI dizAmAM hajI koI prayatna thayo nathI. kAvyo, vArtA, nATaka, vijJAna ke ramatagamata vize traNa varSathI ATha varSanA bALaka mATe ane ATha varSathI tera varSanA bALaka mATe sacitra pustako maLyAM che, paraMtu AvA jJAnavijJAnanuM eke sacitra pustaka ApaNane sAMpaDyuM nathI. kizoro mATe zrI rajanI vyAsano vizvajJAnakoza maLe che. gujarAta zALA pAThyapustaka maMDaLa paNa kizora mATe Avo prayAsa karI rahyuM che. gujarAta vizvakoza TrasTa dvArA DaoN. dhIrubhAI ThAkaranA mArgadarzana ane saMpAdanathI gujarAtI vizvakozanI vIsa graMthonI zreNInI mahAyojanA cAle che je have kadAca, pacIsa graMtho sudhI pahoMce tevI paristhiti thaI che. te anvaye paMdara graMtho prakAzita thaI cUkyo che. A saMsthAe bhAratanA bALavizvakozanA niSNAtone nimaMtraNa ApIne 'cilDrana ensAiklopIDiyA vize parisaMvAda paNa yojyo hato. AvI pravRtti cAlatI hovA chatAM bALavizvakoza kyAMya dekhAto nathI. gijubhAInuM e svapna Aje ya gujarAtI prajA, bhASA ane saMskRtine mATe paDakArarUpa che. pro. baLavaMtarAya ThAkora emanI navIna krAMtikAraka kavitAne lIdhe kavi tarIke hajI pUrI pratiSThA pAmyA na hatA, e arasAmAM I. sa. 1932mAM emaNe 'ugatI juvAnI' nAmanA vAstavanA jhokavALA maulika nATakanuM sarjana karyuM. A pachI pro. ThAkore 'lagnamAM brahmacarya athavA saMyoge viyoga' ane 'soviyeTa navajuvAnI' (raziyana prahasanano gujarAtI anuvAda) jevAM nATako lakhyAM, paNa A sarjanomAM nATakakAra tarIke emanI pratibhA khIlI zakI nathI. 'ugatI juvAnI 'nI prathama AvRtti I. sa. 1923mAM pragaTa thaI. e vakhate A nATakanI eka hajAra prata chApavAmAM AvI hatI. thoDAM varSo bAda A nATaka aprApya banI gayuM. AthI I. sa. 1949mAM pro. ThAkore bIjA mudraNa mATe nATakanI 'DamI' sudhArAvadhArA sAthe taiyAra karI. nATakanAM AgaLanAM pAnAM judA kAgaLamAM pharI taiyAra karyA. pro. ThAkoranI e lAkSaNikatA hatI ke teo arpaNa , prastAvanA, TippaNa ane mathALAM - e badhuM jhINavaTathI, cIvaTathI ane viziSTa rIte mUkatA e sAthe pratyeka AvRttimAM satata pheraphAra karatA rahetA. lekhakanI maThAratA rahevAnI Teva 'UgatI juvAnInA bIjA mudraNa mATe taiyAra karelI pratamAM paNa dekhAya che. 0 217 ] 216 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * bIjA mudraNa samayanI lekhakanI pratanAM AgaLanAM pAnAM (pR. 1thI 56 ane pR. 91-62) maLatAM nathI. jyAre pR. 57thI 60 ane pR. 63thI AkhI kRti, lekhakanA svahastAkSara karelA sudhArAvALI maLe che. 'DamI'nA prAraMbhe pro. ThAkore potAnA pustakanI joDaNI aMgenI sUcanA lAla pensilathI lakhelI che. pustakanuM prathama pRSTha, arpaNapatrikA ane bIjI AvRtti vakhatanuM nivedana judA kAgaLomAM maLe che. prathama AvRtti pachI chavvIsa varSa bAda I. sa. 1949nA eprilamAM pro. ThAkore dvitIya mudraNanI prata taiyAra karIpaNa emanA avasAnasamaya sudhImAM (tA. 2-1-52) e pragaTa thaI nathI. lekhake taiyAra karelA nATakanA prathama pRSThanI vizeSatA joIe to agAu nATakanA zIrSaka heThaLa 'sAMsArika nATaka, bhajavAya evuM" ema lakhyuM hatuM. bIjA mudraNa vakhate mAtra "sAMsArika nATaka' e zabdo rAkhIne 'bhajavAya evuM" e kADhI nAkhe che. chatAM bIjA mudraNa samayanA nivedanamAM pro. ThAkore laMbANathI nATakanI takhtAlAyakI vize lakhyuM che. lekhake pote ja prathama AvRttinA prathama pravezamAM 'nATaka bhajavavAnI jarUriyAtone AdithI aMta sudhI pUrepUrI lakSamAM rAkhIne ja dareka praveza racavAmAM Avyo che" ema kahyuM che. joke e svIkAravuM paDaze ke Akhare to A nATaka pAkyanATaka ja banyuM che. prathama AvRttimAM kartA tarIke 'baLavaMtarAya kalyANarAya ThAkora bI.e., AI.I.esa.' lakhyuM che, jyAre chavvIsa varSanA gALA bAda teo bI.e.nI upAdhi kADhI nAkhIne 'AI.I.esa. (nivRtta) dIvAna bahAdura' lakhe che. prathama AvRttimAM emanA nAma para kartA ja lakhyuM che, bIjI AvRtti vakhate 'kartA ane prakAzaka' bane che. pro. ThAkore dhi. bI. sehanI prakAzana birAdarI limiTeDa nAmanI prakAzanasaMsthA potAnI ane bIjI vINelI copaDIonuM ziSTa prakAzana thAya te mATe sthApI hatI. paNa A saMsthA I. sa. 1951mAM sthapAI ane te vizeno koI ullekha paNa mudraNapratamAM maLato nathI. Ama chatAM mukhapRSThane pAchale pAne karelI noMdha 'kartA ane prakAzake A copaDI 34, copATI roDa, muMbaI 7, e potAnA nivAsasthAne prakaTa karI. I. 1949, saM. 2005 parathI khyAla Ave che ke A pustakanuM prakAzana emaNe pote ja karavA dhAryuM hatuM. lekhake navI AvRtti mATe taiyAra kareluM arpaNapatra joIe. zrI maNizaMkara ratnajI bhaTTa 'kAntane prathama AvRtti vakhate karelA arpaNapatramAM najIvA pheraphAra karIne, paMktio goThavIne mUke che. bIjI AvRttinuM arpaNapatra A pramANe che : 218 rU. * 'ugatI juvAnI'nI apragaTa mudraNaprata * arpaNapatra rA. rA. maNizaMkara ratnajI bhaTTa, bhAvanagara - gadyapadyamapriya 'kAnta' AtmIyama,' 'sakhe, ' 'ura ' e badhAM saMbodhana tyaji, sarala manabhara 'bhAI' zabda A kRti sAthe hane johuM chuM. ' bhAI, mare che te divasa yavanataNA jyAM ApaNe kAlAMdadhimAM uMDI Du ba kI daIne itihAsanA ethansaspoTamAM ja jANe viharatA, e nATa ko e kAvyabhASaNamUrtisaMvAdo vize e jaganmohaka amara khaMDero thakI vismita thatA, - e opatI janatA pharI jovA pharIthI viracavA e noMju vAnInIkhumArI bharyA mathatA hatA ke ahA, e zo rasabhIno kALa ! are e sahazikSaNa zAM rasALa pachI to bhAI, jhiMdagI AvI ApaNI judAI jene bhAvI; tuM asala gujarAte rahyo, huM garavi gujarAte vahyo. e ApaNA saha vAsa samaye huM 11 mAMhi ja kaMI uMgama thayalo, je jarA vikasyoya che A te taNuM ke Aje khileluMja kusuma tuMne mokaluM chuM, - jANuM chuM ke rU pare gasu gaMdhamRdutA mAMhi e evU' ja che, paNa, bhAI hAro prema paNa jANuM chuM, tuM to ehane mahArUM ja joze : tuM nirakhaze ehane premI daMge: - sAmAnyane paNa divya kiraNe rasI le che20 te dege ! prathama AvRttimAM A pramANe zabdo che : 1. huM 2. navarSAvanataNA 3. khAIne 4. kAvyabhASaNamUrtisaMvAde ane pa. juvAnInI 6. matta bAlizatA bharyA mathatA hatA 7. 2 8, tuM 9. huM 10. garavI. 11. huM 12. thayelo 13. taNuM 14. khileluM 15. tuMne mokaluM chuM 16. zuM 17. evuM 18. jANuM chuM tuM 19. tuM 20. divya dekhe. 0 219 ]

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* zabdasamIpa arpaNakAvyane aMte pro. ThAkoranI viziSTa sahI che. nATakanI prathama AvRttimAM kartAnuM koI nivedana maLatuM nathI, jyAre bIjI AvRttimAM 'A bIjA mudraNa vakhate nivedana' maLe che, je A pramANe che "praveza 8mAne uttarArdha kaMcanarAye pitA AgaLa karI dIdhelI kabUlAtanuM, enA prAyazcitta ('ripenTansa')rUpa nirUpaNa takhtAlAyakInI dRSTie ati lAMbuM hatuM te TuMkAvyuM che, jo ke A nave rUpe ya te keTalAka vAcakane lAMbuM paDe to navAI nahIM. sthaLe sthaLe bolI komI, prAMtika Adino prayoga mULe Acho haLavo rAkhelo hato, te A mudraNa vakhate vadhAre Acho haLavo karyo che. bIjA pheraphAra koIka ja, mAtra zAbdika, ane najevA che. "pustakarUpe pragaTa thatAM sAhityamAM 'bolIo'no prayoga I. 1923 lagI to lagabhaga najeno thato hato. te Aja lagImAM ghaNo vadhI gayo che. lekhakone vAstavikatA, zraddheyatA ane navataratAnuM vAtAvaraNa jamAvavAmAM A yukti sahelI paDe e dekhItuM che, ane temaNe eno prayoga vadhArI dIdho che. A bAbatamAM hAruM mata prathamathI ja AvuM che ke bolI ke pArasI prayojavI ucita hoya tyAM paNa tene gauNa ane AchIpAtaLI ja rAkhavI joIe; A to pArasInI bolI che, amuka nAta ke komanI calaNI bolI che, amuka pradezanI DAyalekTa' che, 'jipsI' ke 'Thago' jevI amuka ToLakInI gupta ane sAMketika 'pArasI' che, te spaSTa thaI javA pUratI ja e bolI pArasInI chAMTa lekhake prayojavI. je bolI pArasI prayojavI te pUrepUrI vaphAdArIthI prayojavI joIe, e kasoTI ahIM lAgu pADavAnI nathI; hoya ja nahIM, kemake jema kartA e vaphAdArInI jamAvaTa sovasA karavAne mathe, tema tenuM lakhANa sAmAnya sAhityabhogIo je sa2la paNa saMskArInI sAthe rUDha thayela 'ziSTa gujarAtI'nI apekSA rAkhe tenAthI e enuM lakhANa vadhAre ne vadhAre AghuM nIkaLI jAya che ane zrI meghANInI zailInuM eka biMdu UchInuM laIne kahuM, to evA bolIpracura lakhANanI durbodhatA ane arucikaratA 'are rATa' (?) vadhI paDe che. AzA rAkhuM chuM ke ApaNA ucharatA ane AzAspada sarjako A dRSTibiMdu dhyAnamAM leze ane hAla pragaTa thatI navalikAo navalo AdimAM prAMtika ane komI vicitratAonuM pramANa vadhatuM ja jAya che, te pAchuM tene samucita gauNatAthI ja saMtoSa mAnaze. 2203 * 'ugatI juvAnI'nI apragaTa mudraNaprata "eTale, sAmAjika krAMtine samabhAve nirUpavA mathatI nATikA prathama prakaTa thatAM zrI khAnabahAdUra saMjANA jevA samartha bhASApaMDite enI TIkA karatAM lakheluM je emAM AvatI (u.ta.) rustama ane mojhAMbI nAme pAtranI bolImAM pArasIonI bolInI zuddhi jaLavAyelI nathI, te emanI TIkA jAte ja emanI dizAbhUla hatI. pArasIonI bolIne vaphAdArI rAkhavAnI, e bolIno yAMtrika 'rekarDa' upajAvavAnI lekhakanI nema ja nhotI. "bIjA eka navajuvAna vivecaka copaDI vAMcatAM ja AnaMdAzcarya bolI uThelA ke lekhaka vilAyata jaI Avela hoya ema to jANyuM nathI, to paNa yuropa-amerikAnI raMgabhUmi para cheka A ghaDI lagInA praveza pAmela nUtanatAo('nyuansIsa')thI paNa sArI rIte paricita dekhAya che, ane temane saphaLatAthI potAnA rasika sarjanamAM utArI zakela che. e utsAhI baMdhunuM AvuM pramANapatra mane kudaratI rIte mIThuM lAgeluM, kemake teo AvI bAbata upara supramANa gaNAya evuM mata uMcaravAnA adhikArI hatA. pote tAjA ja vilAyatathI pAchA svadeza AvI gayela, paNa emaNe vilAyatamAM traNa varSa gALela te arasAmAM pote je abhyAsanA mukhya AzayathI tyAM gayela te sArI rIte siddha karavA uparAMta tyAMnI nATakI Alama sAthe paNa ghaNo sAro paricaya keLavelo hato; eTale sudhI ke ahIM pAchA pharavAne badale teo vilAyatanivAsI banyA hota to teo tyAM iMgrejIbhASAnA eka sArA nATakakAra lekhe paNa AgaLa AvI javAnI zaktio dharAvatA hatA, ema emanA vize sau snehIsaMbaMdhIone sArI AzA baMdhAvA pAmelI hatI. "ane e paNa 'ugatI juvAnI' prakaTa thayuM te pahelAMthI ja huM sArI rIte jANato hato ke lagabhaga dareka praveza bhinnabhinna ane vaLI kharcALa 'sInasInarI'mAM 'mUDI DUbADavA'nI jANe ke pharaja pADe evI nATyaracanAne koI paNa dhaMdhAdArI naTacamuM raMgabhUmi para ANavAnuM sAhasa kheDI zake nahIM. chatAM meM e prakaTa karyuM kemake sAmAjika krAMtine samabhAvI nATakone 'pAThya nATako' lekhe paNa sAhityamAM sthAyitA maLe che, te ya huM jANuM : ane mtane eTalAthI paNa saMtoSa hato. 'aphalAtUnI saMvAda'nI sAhityajAtimAM takhtAlAyakI muddala nA hoya te jANatAM chatAM paNa evo eka saMvAda - tenAM lAMbA bhASaNo sAthe - meM AmAM gUMthyo te .21.

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* zabdasamIpa * ja batAvI Ape che ke A nATaka bhajavAze - bhajavavAne koI paNa pasaMda karaze - ema huM pote hoto AzA rAkhato. ane te paNa sAmAjika krAMti sAthe samabhAvanuM AkarSaNa eTaluM moTuM che, khAsa karIne vicArazIla kizorakizorI yuvakayuvatI vargane, ke AmAMnA be-traNa nehAnA pravezo amadAvAda ane muMbaInI kaoNlejo ane hAIskUlonAM nATya kalAzokhI kizorakizorIo yuvaka yuvatIoe-- copaDI prakaTa thayA pachInA pahelAM varSomAM mhArI rajA meLavIne - potAnA snehasaMmelanAdi ramatagamata-vinodanonA samAraMbhomAM bhajavelA hatA. e utsAhI, hane nAme tema dIThe ajJAta rahela - bhAIbahenone A bIjA mudraNa prasaMge saMbhAravA ane temano Ama jAhera upakAra mAnavo e hArI pharaja che. * "A nATikAne takhtA upara ANavAnI zI zI muzkelI che te upara jaNAvAyuM. te pachI paNa chevaTa umeravAnuM rahe ja ke je naTonI ToLI sInasInarI to zrotAprekSakonI kalpanAne soMpI devAya ane aphalAtUnI saMvAdanAM bhASaNo tattva samAlIne TuMkAvAya emAM zI moTI muzIbata che ema Ane takhtA upara ANavAnuM sAhasa kare ja, to e sAhasika naTonI kAbeliyata pramANe AmAMnA dareka dezyamAM takhtAlAyakInAM judAM judAM svarUpa prakaTaze ja evI paNa hArI zraddhA che. muMbAI, I. 1949, saM. 2005" pustakanA 'DamI'nA prathama pAnA para pro. baLavaMtarAya ThAkore "hArI joDaNI mATe mukhya sUcanA' e mathALuM karIne pAMca mukhya sUcanAo lakhI che I hakAra (1) moTI moTI moTuMmAM nahIM. (2) amane, amAruM, ame, amArAthI, amArAmAM - e bahuvacanomAM nahIM (3) paNa hamane, hamAruM, hame, hamArAmAM, hamArAthI, vahema, vahevuM, kahevuM, hevuM, AvuM, ema bIje badhe kharo; jo ke nA hoya to paNa bhUla na gaNavI. kema ke hakArano vApara vikalpa optional evo mhAro niyama che. * haveno bhAga pustaka chapAvavA mokalAvatA agAu kartAe pensilathI lakhelo che. 222 ] * 'ugatI juvAnI'nI apragaTa mudraNaprata * vize 'viSe' nahIM. | II mahAre joIe che -Iwant, thavuM joIe ought to be vageremAM Ie paraMtu jovuM dhAtu(to see)nAM rUpomAM joIye. dAkhalo-dALa zAkamAM mIThuM joIe, have A chabI joIye. badhAM kriyApada rUpomAM kariye jaIye apanAviye ema IyethI ja joDaNI karavI. upara joIe apavAda ja che. kema ke e dhAtunAM tamAma rUpo thatAM nathI. TV saMskRta zabdonI joDaNI saMskRta pramANe ja . V paNa saMskRta nahIM, prAkRta ane dezya zabdonI joDaNImAM i, I, u, U, vikalpa jyAM je ThIka lAge che ane kavitAmAM to chaMdobaMdha je sthAne je gurulaghu mAge te pramANe . nATakanA sattAvanamAM pAnAthI (pR. 61, 62 sivAya) bAkInuM AkhuM nATaka temaja TippaNanI saMpUrNa 'DamI' maLe che. AmAM pro. ThAkore sudhArAvadhArA karyA che, jemAMnA ullekhanIya sudhArAo nIce pramANe che : pR. 74 paranI gajhalamAM prathama AvRttimAM eka keDI A pramANe che 'jigarane kyAM, he prabho, cheDA paNa sahevA prabho. ' gajhalanI bhASAne joIne nIce pramANe ucita sudhAro karatA lAge che- 'jigara te kyAM, he khudA ! che 31 jI vananI mu dA. ' cothA pravezane aMte lAvaNImAM gavAtI kavitA sAthe pAMca yugala nAce che. 'tAblo' race che. ahIM pravezane aMte lekhaka umere che : vansamora 'no hukama mAnavo ja paDe eTalA jorazorathI thAya to upalI ja kaDIne badale te pachInI bIjI kaDI prayojI zakAya mATe nATakane aMte pariziSTa lekhe chApI che." * A kavitA "asalaneranAM nUra ' e zIrSaka heThaLa 'bhaNakAra (1951)mAM gucha-2, kAvya-2, pR. 32) thoDA pheraphAra sAthe maLe che. ahIM nATakamAM AvatI ane te sAthe TippaNamAM maLatI vadhArAnI kaDIo bhegI karIne kavitA ApavAmAM AvI che.

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* zabdasamIpa * navAInI bAbata e che ke A nATakanI AgavI vizeSatA tarapha prastAvanAmAM aMgulinirdeza karatAM sUtradhAra kahe che - (nirAzAno DaoNLa karato) prekSakonI sahAnubhUti ye mAphakasara ja na koI amuka pAtra joIne vivala, na 'vansa mora (once more)'nI garjanAo, Ama 'vansa moranI garjanAo' karAvavAno nATakakAre hetu rAkhyo ja nathI, chatAM kavitA aMge 'vansa morane na chUTake mAna ApavuM paDe to uparanI kaDIne badale bIjI kaI kaDI prayojavI, te pariziSTamAM ApavAnI vAta karI che. AvuM pariziSTa nATakano bhAga chapAyA pachI lakhavAno irAdo hato, paNa te bara Avyo lAgato nathI. Ama chatAM cothA pravezane aMte AvatI kavitAnI eka vadhu kaDI prathama AvRttinA TippaNamAM ApI che. paNa ahIM to nAcane vadhu samaya ApI zakAya tema hoya to te mATe bIjI kaDI ApI che, nahIM to 'vansa mora 'nA hukamane mAna ApavA mATe. bIjI AvRttimAM A ja kaDIo mUkavAno lekhake vicAra rAkhyo hoya, te zakyatA nakArI zakAya tema nathI. bIjA mudraNa samayanA nivedanamAM kaMcanarAyanI enA pitA AgaLanI kabUlAta ane prAyazcittanuM nirUpaNa TUMkAvyAnuM lekhaka kahe che. pR. 115 paranA A prAyazcittanA AlekhanamAM keTaleka sthaLe zabdo badalyA che athavA kADhI nAkhyA che. jyAre nIcenAM vAkyo ja kADhI nAkhyAM che 'mahArI jAtane rokI ja zakato nathI..... huM cheka pAmara chuM.... ane pataMgiyuM battImAM paDe tema yAhoma karIne tUTI paDuM chuM. pariNAma je AvavAnuM hoya te Avo .... hArI buddhi ATalI pariNAmAnya kema ? ... je kahezo te karIza, paNa mahane pariNAmadaSTi ane te mujaba vRttine ugatI ja rokI, dAbI, masaLI nAkhavAnI zakti Apo.' pR. 137ne aMte AvatI ramaNabhAInI uktimAM umere che : 'je anubhave anubhave vadhatI ja jAya che.' pR. 168 para baherAmanI uktimAM "..... zIrIna kaMcananI pAchaLa vilAyata jaIne udyoga hunnaromAMthI betraNano 'kemisTa' banIza." ema Ave che, tyAM lekhaka umere che : "ane jo khodA meharabAna, to sassA bI helavAna !" 1 224 ] * 'ugatI juvAnI'nI apragaTa mudraNaprata * pR. 169 para prathama AvRttimAM maNibhAInI ukti o pramANe che ' nA, jI. dArU upara kharo vijaya jema te pIvAnI dareka anukUlatA hoya chatAM na piye, agara koI vAra tevI sajjanonI sobatamAM lijhUjhata khAtara jarA piye paNa, temAM che, kevala niSedhamAM nathI; tema kharuM brahmacarya emanA manathI gRhasthAzramanA sahadharmacAramAM che..." AmAM nIce mujaba sudhAro kare che- strI yA puruSanA ekala jIvanane ramaNa adhUruM adhuM jIvana ja mAne che; saMpUrNa ane kudaratI rIte khIlatuM mAnavajIvana e ekapatnIvrata gRhasthAzramanA sahadharmacAramAM ja juve che..' nATakane aMte nIcenI traNa paMkti pro. ThAkora umere che. A paMkti lavajI bole che "dhama dhama dhama dhodhavA para dhodhavA relachela karI mukase ! vAha re vAha khodA ! hArI maherathI ja lIlAlahera !' nATakanA chellA pravezano - praveza 12mo - ahIM paDado paDe che. uparyukta traNa paMktinA umerA nIce lekhake 16-4-49 e tArIkha nAkhelI che. A divasa nATakanA saMmArjananA kAryanI pUrNAhuti sUcave che. 'DamInA TippaNanI AgaLa lekhakanI noMdha maLe che 'TippaNa AkhuM navesara lakhavuM che te hame phermA chapAI jAya tema tema mokalazo eTale lakhAze . TippaNa ja bAkI rahe, ema AkhI copaDI chapAI jatAM A nakale pAchI mokalazo, eTale A jUnuM TippaNe joI joIne navuM lakhAze. bIjI nakala mhArI ne nathI. amadAvAda 16-4-49.' | nATakanI dRSTie joIe to 'ugatI juvAnImAM pro. baLavaMtarAya ThAkora koI atikAya mAnavInA utthAna-patananA saMgharSaNane AlekhavAne badale sahune ati vahAluM, nijanuM ja lAge evuM nATaka racavAno uddeza dharAve che; paNa nATaka kaThora-naThora vAstavanA vartuLamAM ja pheraphudaraDI pharIne aTakI jAya che. jIvananI 0 225 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * sAdAI ane vAstavikatAnI paDache chupAyelA sanAtana mAnava-bhAvone sparzatuM nathI, lagnaprathA, maghaniSedha ane ucca keLavaNInA sahu koIne sparzatA praznone viSaya banAvyA che, paNa enuM nATyarUpAMtara barAbara thayuM nathI. jIvananI visaMvAditA pAtranA maMthanamAMthI, vedanA-cIsamAMthI ke prasaMgamAMthI pragaTa thavAne badale moTe bhAge pAtronI 'vAtothI rajU thAya che. Drama is intense actionnI dRSTie excitementnA abhAvavALuM A nATaka moLuM paNa lAge. nATakanI sapATI para lekhakano vicAra ja taryA kare che. Ama chatAM pro. ThAkoranI prayogazIla pratibhA achatI rahetI nathI. teo saMskRta nATyapraNAlIthI judA phaMTAya che. vAstava-Alekhana, samagra nATaka para jhaLuMbatuM ullAsanuM vAtAvaraNa, navIna arpaNapatrikA, nAnI bahenanuM dRzya, pAtronA saMbaMdhanI noMdha temaja pAtrocita bhASA prayojavAno nATakakArano prayatna avazya prazaMsanIya che ane te rIte nATaka noMdhapAtra Thare che. vyaktitva ane vADmaya 227 ] 2 227 ]

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gujarAtI asmitAno draSTA raNajitarAma vAvAbhAInI pratibhA ekAMgI nahIM balka bahuAyAmI hatI. sAhitya, saMskRti, itihAsa, keLavaNI, samAjavidyA ane kaMThastha sAhitya sudhI emanI abhyAsavRtti EarnestnessthI - kharApaNAthI - narmada mATe raNajitarAme vAparelo zabda. pharI vaLI hatI ane emaNe e viSayonuM UMDuM avagAhana karyuM hatuM. raNajitarAmamAM dRSTigocara thatI vizALatAnuM eka kAraNa e che ke teo e samayanA vikhyAta vijJAnI tribhuvanadAsa gajjara ane prabhAzaMkara paTTaNI jevA mahAnubhAvonA sekreTarI tarIke kAryarata hatA. tribhuvanadAsa gajjaranI vidvattA, bhavya kalpanAone mUrta svarUpa ApavAno asAdhAraNa khaMta raNajitarAmane preraka banyo. ethIye vizeSa tribhuvanadAsa gajjaranI udAratA ane tyAgavRtti sparzI gaI. teo emanA sekreTarI hatA tema chatAM gIragAma javA-AvavAnI muzkelIne kAraNe tribhuvanadAse vAlakezvaramAM potAnI sAthe rAkhyA. raNajitarAmanA vyaktitvamAM eka AkarSaNa hatuM. anekane potAnI pratibhAthI AkarSanArA zrI kanaiyAlAla munazI raNajitarAmanI mitrono vizvAsa AkarSavAnI ane mitra sAthenA vyavahArane mAnasika sahajIvananI bhUmikA para laI javAnI kuzaLatA noMdhe che. teo noMdhe che ke 0 230 ] 229 ]

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* zabdasamIpa 'svabhAva ane dRSTibiMdunI bhinnatAthI kadI eka Are pANI pI zaktA nahIM te emanI maitrIthI rAcatA .' maNizaMkara ratnajI bhaTTa 'kAnta', govardhanarAma, nhAnAlAla ane e samayanA anya sahu sAkSarono prema raNajitarAme saMpAdita karyo hato. tribhuvanadAsa gajja2nI prakRti lAkSaNika hatI. rAtanA be vAgye koI vicAra Ave eTale raNajitarAmane uThADIne enI noMdha karAve. raNajitarAma jIvanabhara tribhuvanadAsa gajjarano RNasvIkAra karatA rahyA. raNajitarAmanA jIvanaghaDataramAM emanA pitA vAvAbhAIno mahattvano phALo che. vAvAbhAIno svabhAva ghaNo kaDaka hato. teo gharamAM bahu ochuM bole. moTe bhAge vAMcavAmAM ja tallIna hoya. emAM paNa raNajitarAma sauthI moTA putra hovAthI maryAdA naDatI hatI. pitAnI sarakArI revanyu khAtAnI nokarIne kAraNe bharuca ane surata jillAnAM gAmaDAMomAM bALapaNa gALavAnuM banyuM. aMgrejI chaThThA dhoraNamAM hatA tyAre raNajitarAma kusaMgatathI bIDI-sigAra pIvA lAgyA. kAyastha jJAtimAM bIDI pIvAmAM dhArmika bAdha ADe Avato nahoto, paraMtu raNajitarAmanuM kuTuMba vaiSNava dharma pALatuM hovAthI bIDI pivAtI nahIM. eka divasa raNajitarAmanA koTanA khissAmAMthI sigAra hAtha lAgatAM vAvAbhAIe sakhata zikSA karI. e samayathI emaNe sigAra-bIDI ja nahIM, balke kusaMgata paNa choDI dIdhI. raNijatarAmanuM zarIra ekavaDA bAMdhAnuM, nAjuka ane nirbaLa hatuM ane ethI ja emanA mitro majAkamAM ema kahetA paNa kharA ke raNajitarAma sAhityathI jIve che. raNajitarAmanA akSara motInA dANA jevA hatA. sAhityakAro sAthenA patravyavahAramAM emanA akSaro tarata ja sparzI jatA. gujarAtanA sAkSaro sAthenA emanA saMparke emanA sAhityapremane pAMgaravAnI mokaLAza ApI. raNajitarAmane mana sAhitya te evI nikaSazilA che ke je prajAnuM vicArajIvana utkRSTa che ke nikRSTa te darzAve che. temane mate prajAnA uDDayana, vAMchanA, uccagrAho Adi sAhityamAM AvirbhAva pAme che ane sAhityathI e badhAMne uttejana ane unnati sAMpaDe che. sAhitya vizenI emanI A bhAvanAe ja emane sAkSaronI pariSada mATe preraNA ApI. emaNe joyuM ke e samaye gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTI mAtra graMthaprasiddhinuM ja kArya karatI hatI. vaLI Q 231] * gujarAtI asmitAno draSTA * emAM koI paNa vyakti sabhAsada thaI zake tema hovAthI mAtra gujarAtanA sAkSaro ja temAM hoya tevuM nahotuM. yuvAna raNajitarAmanI najara to phreMca ekaeNDemI, baMgIya sAhitya pariSada, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA jevAM maMDaLo para hatI. AvuM maMDaLa gujarAtamAM thAya tene mATe emaNe gujarAta sAhitya sabhAnI sthApanA karI. raNajitarAma mAnatA hatA ke prajAnA samagra jIvanane bhAvanAthI raMganAra sAhitya che. A mATe vidvAno, sAkSaro ane paMDito bhegA thAya to ja kArya siddha thAya. AthI gujarAta sAhitya sabhA dvArA amadAvAdamAM raNajitarAme pahelI sAhitya pariSada bharavAnuM bIDuM jhaDapyuM. AvI sAkSaronI sAhitya pariSada pAchaLa bhAvanAzALI raNajitarAmano Azaya zo hato ? "enA dvArA gujarAtI bhASAmAM pAMDitya ane rasikatA khIle, navIna zodhakhoLa mATe utkaMThA tIvra thAya ane vidyAmAM samAyelA sarva viSayonuM sAhitya ApaNI bhASAmAM racAya." gujarAtanI rASTrIya asmitAnA A svapnasevI lekho, saMsthAo ane sarjakonA sAthathI tene sAkAra karavAno puruSArtha karatA hatA. Ano artha e ke sAhityamAM raNajitarAme itihAsa, dharma, tattvajJAna - e badhAMne AvarI lIdhA hatA. AnI pAchaLa be Azaya mukhyatve hatA : pUrvajonI jJAnasamRddhino upayoga karavo ane pAzcAtya udyAnanAM kusumo lAvI emane khIlavavAM. potAno Azaya mahattvAkAMkSI che ema samajatA hatA, paNa sAthosAtha mUMjhAIne paga vALIne besanArA nahotA. emanA manamAM hatuM ke jo Aje sphuliMga pragaTaze to bhaviSyamAM vizvane ajavALato sUryanArAyaNa janmaze. teo kahetA ke himAlayanA uttuMga zikhara para caDavAnI abhilASA haze to ghoDAsaranA TekarA caDAze. prathama sAhitya pariSadanA Ayojana mATe raNajitarAma vAvAbhAI jyAre AnaMdazaMkara dhruvane maLavA gayA tyAre emane prazna pUchyo, "pariSadamAM zenI carcA karazo ? joDaNInI ?" ane hakIktamAM e pariSadamAM narasiMharAva diveTiyAe joDaNI vize vistRta nibaMdha vAMcyo. pro. AnaMdazaMkara dhruve paNa A viSaya para nibaMdha vAMcyo. sva. kezavalAla dhruve vAcyApAra para nibaMdha vAMcyo, jemAM gujarAtI vyAkaraNanI vigate vAta karyA bAda joDaNInA praznanI chaNAvaTa karI hatI ane prathama sAhitya pariSadanA pramukha zrI govardhanarAma tripAThIe potAnA upasaMhAramAM joDaNI vize maMtavya pragaTa karyuM. joDaNI ane lipi vize Aje paNa carcA cAle che, eno prAraMbha pahelI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadamAMthI thayo gaNAya. 232]

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* zabdasamIpa * A sAhitya pariSadamAM raNajitarAme kaMThastha sAhityanA saMgrahanI vAta karI. emaNe kahyuM ke prAcIna kAvyanA saMgraha jeTalo ja mahattvano A viSaya che. lokagItano uSaHkALa e sAhityano uSa:kALa che ema kahIne emaNe enuM vargIkaraNa ApyuM hatuM. AmAM khojAonA bhajanamAMthI udAharaNo TAMkIne emaNe darzAvyuM hatuM ke talavAra karatAM upadezathI ghaNA hiMduone maulavIoe musalamAna banAvyA hatA. A maulavIo paradharmanI TIkA karavAne badale baMne dharmanA siddhAMtonI samAnatA darzAvatA hatA ane e rIte bhajano dvArA hiMdu ane musalamAna vacce saMparka ane saMsarga thato rahyo. raNajitarAme darzAvyuM ke bhATa, cAraNe, vahIvaMcA ane gaDhavI vagerenA duhA, rAsAnA saMzodhananI dizAmAM ghaNuM karavAnuM che. lokagItamAM sneha, svayaMvara, sAsu, naNaMda, jeThANI vagerenAM lokagItonI emaNe noMdha karI che. A lokagItonI paMktionA govardhanarAma ke nhAnAlAle karelA upayoganI ji kara paNa karI che. sAhityanI vAta karatAM raNajitarAma ghaNI vAra saMgItanI vAta kare che. pachI bhale te lokagItanA saMgItanI vAta hoya ke sAhitya pariSadanI carcAnA viSayonI vAta hoya. 'IzunuM varSa 1908'mAM teo noMdhe che, "ApaNe sAhityane poSavA, ucheravA mazagUla chIe paraMtu saMgIta Adi sAhityanA sahodaro pratye lakSa nathI." raNajitarAma vAvAbhAIe karelI sAhitya pariSadanI pravRttie sAhitya ane itihAsanAM aneka aMgo tarapha sahunuM dhyAna kheMcyuM. amadAvAda, muMbaI, rAja koTa, vaDodarA ane surata jevAM nagaromAM A pravRtti vikasI. raNajitarAmanI icchA to naDiyAda, godharA, navasArI, bharuca, viramagAma, vaDhavANa ane goMDala jevAM nAnAM zaheromAM A pravRttino vikAsa karavAno hato. prathama sAhitya pariSada bharavAnA kAryamAM raNajitarAmane saphaLatA maLI. raNajitarAmane vasavaso hato ke emanA samayamAM gujarAtI bhASAnuM jeTaluM sevana thatuM hatuM ke gujarAtanI prajAnI pragati mATe bahu ochuM thatuM hatuM. teo sAhityaprasArane prajAnI pragati sAthe joDavA icchatA hatA. raNajitarAma vAvAbhAI mahetAnA keLavaNIviSayaka vicAro noMdhapAtra che. emaNe keLavaNI vize TUMkA TippaNa lakhyA che jemAM prAthamika zALAmAM apAtuM aMgrejInuM zikSaNa ane saMskRta pAThazALAonI keLavaNI vize vAta karI che. raNajitarAma noMdhe che - 233 ] * gujarAtI asmitAno draSTA * jagatanA itihAsamAM koI divasa na banelo banAva ApaNA dezamAM bane che. ApaNe ApaNuM zikSaNa janmabhASA dvArA nahIM paNa parabhASA dvArA laIe chIe. A parabhASA ApaNI bhASA sAthe bilakula sagapaNavALI nathI." A rIte cheka 1916nA okTobara mahinAmAM emanA lekhamAM teo janmabhASAnI durdazAnI vAta kare che. e samaye 'samAlocaka'nA eka lekhamAM ema lakhyuM hatuM ke 'karaNaghelo'nI lokapriyatAmAM haju sudhI koIe bhAga paDAvyo nathI." AnI pAchaLano uddeza 'karaNaghelAnI atiprazasti ane vizeSa "sarasvatIcaMdra'nI avagaNanAno hato. e samaye 'karaNaghelo' vize ema kahevAtuM ke gujarAtI bhASA bolanArI prajAmAM 'karaNaghelo'e digaMta DaMko vagADI temane Adhunika aitihAsika navalakathAnuM kIrtivaMta pada ApyuM che. raNajitarAma A vidhAna aMge lakhe che ke "A khoTuM che. 'sarasvatIcaMdra'nI kIrti AgaLa 'karaNaghelo'nI kIrti jhAMkhI che." e pachI potAnI vAtane vizeSa spaSTa karatAM raNajitarAma kahe che, "karaNaghelAnI kIrti varNana paratve che. vastugUMphana che paNa bahu UMcA prakAranuM nathI, pAtrAlekhana to bahu nikRSTa pratinuM che." raNajitarAma kAThiyAvADanA sAhitya vize paNa noMdhe che ke prajAomAM cetana ja gADanAra sAmagrIomAM itihAsanuM UjaLuM sthAna che. kAThiyAvADano itihAsa jevotevo nathI. teo kahe che ke enI daMtakathAo, vArtAo, dohA, soraThA, bhajano vagere bhUtakALanuM rasika citra UbhuM karatI sAmagrIno saMgraha thavo joIe. paraMtu enI sAthosAtha A sAhitya aMge bhaviSyanuM darzana karanArA raNajitarAma kahe che, pA. 122 (1). AvI ja rIte dolatarAma kRpArAma paMDyAnA 'amarasatra' nATakamAM nirmANazaktinI kevI UNapa che te raNajitarAma darzAve che. A nATakane teo nirmAlya kahe che ane noMdhe che ke saMskRta niyamAnusAra nATaka lakhavA beThA paraMtu nirmANazaktinI UNapa hovAthI emanuM nibaMdhana nikRSTa paMktimAM AvI gayuM che. raNajitarAmanA dIrghadarzanano anubhava to itihAsa ke vijJAnazAstranA koI viSaya para navalakathA lakhAvI joIe evI jikaramAM jovA maLe che. 1 234 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * raNajitarAmanAM avalokanomAM spaSTatA ane pAradarzitA che. emanI ghaDAyelI sAhityika ruci kRtinA sArA-narasA pAsAno viveka karI Ape che. emaNe AlekhelAM vyakticitromAM sAkSaro sAthenA emanA gADha saMparkanuM pratibiMba jovA maLe che. narmada, naMdazaMkara, DAhyAbhAI dhoLazAjI, govardhanarAma jevAnAM vyakticitromAM emanI vizeSatA pragaTa karI che. doSadarzanamAM raNajitarAmane rasa nathI. muMbaI karatAM bhAvanagaramAM emanuM zArIrika svAsthya sudharyuM. sAva pAtaLuM zarIra majabUta banyuM. mAIlonA mAIlo sudhI teo saheja paNa thAkyA vinA pharI zakatA hatA. ahIM kavi tribhovana premazaMkara ane haragoviMda premazaMkara sAtheno saMbaMdha thayo. itihAsa ane jUnI vArtAonA zokhIna devazaMkara bhaTTa sAthe dostI thaI. mAnazaMkara mahetA jevA lekhaka ane abhyAsInI oLakha thaI. raNajitarAmanI vizeSatA e hatI ke potAnA saMparkamAM AvelI vyakti je viSayamAM niSNAta hoya te viSayamAM e lakhe tevI ene preraNA ApatA. sahuthI vizeSa to bhAvanagaranI samRddha bArTana lAyabrerIno saMgraha hAtha lAdhyo. vaLI prabhAzaMkara paTTaNIe eTalI mokaLAza ApelI ke raNajitarAma emane pasaMda paDe te navIna pustaka ke sAmayika maMgAvI zakatA. pariNAme citrakalA, sAhitya ane anya viSayonAM pustako emane maLyAM. e samaye kahevAtuM ke, "hAla sAkSaromAM raNajitarAma jevo vartamAna sAhityano sarvadezI vAcaka ke abhyAsaka koI nathI." bhAvanagaramAM pro. nRsiMhaprasAda kAlidAsano meLApa thatAM keLavaNIviSayaka vicAronI carcA thaI. ahIM sthapAyelA dakSiNAmUrti vidyAbhavanamAM raNajitarAme itihAsa zIkhavavAnuM svIkAryuM hatuM. raNajitarAmano A anubhava dakSiNAmUrti vidyAbhavananA emanA keLavaNIviSayaka lekhomAM pragaTa thAya che. e sAmAnya baoNrDiMgamAMthI vikAsa sAdhIne moTI saMsthA bane evuM raNajitarAmanuM svapna hatuM. emanA jIvanakALamAM e siddha na thayuM paraMtu e pachI A saMsthAe sAro evo vikAsa sAdhyo. bhAvanagara choDIne paTTaNIsAheba 1912nA DisembaramAM muMbaI gayA enI sAthe raNajitarAme paNa bhAvanagara choDyuM. Ama chatAM raNijatarAma bhAvanagaranAM sukhada smaraNo vAgoLatA rahyA hatA. raNajitarAmanuM ghara sAhityakAro ane zikSaNavidonuM vizrAmasthaLa hatuM. rAtre cAMdanImAM sarovaranA kinArA para ke vizALa bAgamAM mitro sAthe besIne raNajitarAma sAhityapravRttinI, samAjasudhAraNAnI ane zikSaNapaddhati ke dezI rAjyonI sthiti vize vAto karatA hoya. joke e carcAmAM mukhya vaktA to raNijatarAma ja hoya. kavi D235na * gujarAtI asmitAno draSTA * nAnAlAla bhAvanagara Ave tyAre Akho divasa raNajitarAma sAthe ja gALe. nAnAlAlanA 'vasaMtotsava' para paheluM vivecana lakhanAra raNijatarAma hatA. nAnAlAla paNa potAnI kRti raNijatarAmane jovA-sudhAravA mokalI ApatA. baMne vacce eTalo gADha saMbaMdha hato. nAnAlAlano svabhAva taDa ne phaDa kahI denAro hato. raNajitarAma dhImethI, hasIne, virodhI vicAra mUkatA. raNajitarAma pahelAM dhIrajathI sAMbhaLe. kahenArane paNa saMbhaLAvavuM game ! pachI potAnI vAta karatA. kyAreka bhAvanagaramAM kavinI hAjarImAM emanI kavitAo para carcA thatI tyAre koI emanI kSati batAve to kavi nAnAlAla hasatA hasatA kahetA, 'tyAre ema mAno.' sarjaka para varasI paDavAne badale enA vikAsamAM sahayogI thatA. prabhAzaMkara paTTaNIe bhAvanagara choDyuM ane muMbaInA gavarnaranI kArobArI kAunsilamAM nimAyA tyAre vidAyanI AgalI rAte paTTaNIsAhebe raNajitarAmane sAthe AvavA kahyuM. raNajitarAme bIje divase emanI sAthe bhAvanagara choDyuM ane muMbaI AvyA. mana lalacAya tevI, mahattvAkAMkSA jagADe tevI nokarI, paNa raNajitarAmano saMkalpa ke saMskArI ne sIdhuM kAma hoya, sAhityano zokha keLavI zakAya tevI nokarI ja svIkAravI. kaoNlejamAM hatA tyAre dha sozyala eNnDa liTararI sabhA' calAvatA. 'saMsAra sudhArA samAja'nI amadAvAdamAM sthApanA karI. gUrjara sAkSara jayantInI yojanA banAvI. sAhitya pariSadanA kArya mATe raNajitarAme enA maMtrI tarIke athAga prayatna karyo. raNajitarAmanuM A svapna hatuM ane enI siddhi mATe emaNe tanatoDa mahenata karI. e saMsthAnA AtmA jevA banI jatA. raNajitarAmanI icchA to vArtA ane navalakathA lakhavAnI hatI. 'sAhebarAma' nAmanI navalakathA emaNe pUnAmAM lakhavAnI zarU karI paraMtu te adhUrI rahI. A 'sAhebarAma' kathAvastu badalavAnuM zrI caMdrazekhara paMDyAe kahyuM, paraMtu sahaja rIte lakhAI gayelI A kathAmAM kazuM pheravavuM nathI tevI raNajitarAmanI icchA hatI. AmAM emanA jIvanamAM maLelI vyaktionuM pratibiMba dekhAya che. jemake 'sAhebarAmamAM AvatA bhairavanAtha zeThanuM pAtra gajjarasAheba parathI ane sahiyaromAM pro. naranArAyaNanuM pAtra nRsiMhaprasAda bhaTTa parathI emaNe AlekhyuM che. navalakthAnuM graMthana nabaLuM lAge. kyAMka sudhArakano abhiniveza pragaTa thAya che. pariNAme vAstavanuM nirUpaNa pAMkhuM rahyuM che. gujarAtano itihAsa lakhavAnuM svapna sevyuM hatuM, paNa paripUrNa na thayuM. nibaMdha sarjaka tarIke jIvana ane kaLAnI bhAvanA pragaTa thatI, paNa sarjakatA pAMkhI lAge. zuddha ane saMskArI zailI, paNa emAM .236)

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pAragAmI vidvattA * zabdasamIpa * prabhAva ke chaTA nahIM. sauthI noMdhapAtra pradAna gaNIe to TUMkI vArtA kahI zakAya. e kalAvidhAnamAM caDiyAtI lAge che. munazIne emanI navalikA 'hIrA' pasaMda paDI hatI. vadhu jIvyA hota to vizeSa kRtio maLI hota. emanI pAse vizALa zabdabhaMDoLa hato. kaccha, kAThiyAvADI, gujarAtI, phArasI, saMskRta ane aMgrejI bhASAmAMthI zabdonI pasaMdagI karatA. vaLI saMskRta zabdono atibhAra jovA na maLe. | muMbaImAM kanaiyAlAla munazI, indulAla yAjJika vagereno paricaya thayo. prathama pAMca sAhitya pariSadamAM raNajitarAma saMkaLAyelA rahyA. AmAM emane ghaNI vAra TIkAonA bhoga paNa banavuM paDayuM. trIjI pariSadanA pramukha tarIke narasiMharAva diveTiyAnI pasaMdagI thavI joIe evA emanA vidhAnathI virodhano vaMToLa jAgyo hato. suratanI pAMcamI pariSada sudhI raNajitarAme ghaNuM kAma karyuM. suratanI pariSada saphaLa thAya e mATe emaNe eka mahinAnI rajA lIdhI hatI. AvA raNajitarAma svapnadraSTA hatA, svapnasRSTA hatA. zarIre nirbaLa paNa svabhAve sAhasika hatA. AvuM eka sAhasa ja raNajitarAmanA avasAnanuM kAraNa banyuM. juhunA dariyAkinAre taravAnuM zIkhavA gayelA raNajitarAma 1917nI pamI jUna, somavAre 35 varSanI vaye dariyAmAM taNAI javAthI avasAna pAmyAM. raNajitarAma vAvAbhAIne aMjali ApatAM zrI kanaiyAlAla munazIe lakhyuM: "raNajitarAma mANasa nahotA - eka bhAvanA hatA. gujarAtanI rASTrIya asmitA(Self Consciousness)nA e avatAra hatA. tene ja mATe te jIvatA, tene ja mATe teNe tyAgavRtti dhArI, tene ja mATe te navA navA mANasonA saMsargamAM AvavA jhaMkhatA, tene ja mATe game te veThI e badhAne e bhAvanAe preravA mathatA. tenA hRdayamAM eka ja vicAra hato; baMgALanI mAphaka ApaNuM sAhitya kyAre samRddhivAna thAya - ApaNI kaLA kyAre vyaktitva pAme - ApaNo itihAsa kyAre sajIvana thAya - ApaNI rASTrIya ane sAmAjika anukuLatA kyAre saMdhAya - ApaNI saMskRti kyAre vijaya pAme ane A badhAMne pariNAme navIna gujarAta kyAre avatare. emanI najara AgaLa navIna gujarAta svanuM nahotuM. jIvaMta vyakti hatI. e badhAne preratA to eka lakSa taraphe - gujarAtanAM gaurava, ekatAnatA, asmitA, vividhatAthI bharapUra gAmegAmanA lekhakonAM, e - A bhAvanAnA avatAra - kendrasthAne hatA. A bhAvanA prasarAvI e ja eno jIvanamaMtra hato." Agama prabhAkara munizrI puNyavijayajI mahArAja eka AtmasAdhaka saMta hatA. potAnA AtmabhAvanI kyAreka upekSA na thaI jAya ke saMsAranI vRddhi kare evI AtmavirodhI pravRttimAM jarAya na aTavAI javAya enI teoe satata jAgRti rAkhI ane apramattapaNe potAnI sAdhanAne AgaLa vadhAratA rahyA. Ama chatAM emanuM jIvanakArya to vividha rIte jJAnano uddhAra karavAnuM ja rahyuM. temaNe jIvananA aMta sudhI evI ja niSThA, evI ja phUrti ane evI ja tatparatAthI jJAnopAsanA karI. jANe ema lAge ke A kArya karatAM na to teo vayanI maryAdAne ke na to zakti-azaktine pichAnatA. thoDIka prAcIna hastaprato emanI AgaLa mUkI daIe athavA to ekAda hastalikhita bhaMDAranI vacce teone besADI daIe, to teo AhAra, ArAma ane UMghane vIsarIne emAM khUba tanmaya banI jatA. potAnA guru munizrI caturavijayajInA pagale pagale mahArAja zrIe paNa eka samartha saMzodhaka tarIkenI khyAti prApta karI hatI. emanAM saMpAdanonI sagaparipUrNatA joIne paradezanA vaijJAnika saMzodhana vidvAno paNa DolI UThyA. teozrIne hAthe agharA ane kaThina graMtho aNIzuddha banIne navajIvana pAmyA. 0 238 ] 237

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* zabdasamIpa * graMthasaMpAdananA kAryamAM teone varelI asAdhAraNa siddhinAM kAraNo aneka che. teo zAstranA viSayathI ane graMthamAM AvatA itara sAhityanA saMdarbhothI suparicita rahetA ane je bAbata teonI samajamAM AvatI na hoya te bAbata vize athAga prayatna karIne khulAso meLavIne ja AgaLa vadhatA. akSaronA vividha maroDo chatAM judA judA saikAnI lipine ukelavAmAM teo siddhahasta hatA ane ethI ya vizeSa to zAstronA saMzodhananI bAbatamAM emanI dhIraja ane khaMta sAcA arthamAM apAra hatAM. satyanI ekAda hIrAkaNI mATe paNa teo divasarAta mathAmaNa karyA karatA ane ATaluM badhuM karavA chatAM tenA bhArathI mukta banIne sadA prasanna rahetA. AvA Adarza saMzodhanagraMthonA aneka nAma lekhAvI zakAya; paNa enI yAdI ApavAnuM A sthAna nathI. teoe AgamasaMzodhananuM je mahAna kArya AraMbhya hatuM te to emanA jJAnamaya vyaktitvanA sArarUpa ane paMdaraso varSa pahelAM mahAna AgamaprabhAkara zrI devardhigaNikSamAzramaNe kareluM Agama saMkalana jevuM zakavartI ane sudIrgha kAla sudhI upakAraka kArya hatuM. prAcIna jIrNazIrNa hastaprato to jANe puNyavijayajI mahArAjanA hAthamAM AvatAM ja potAnI ApavItI kahevA lAgatI ! * pAragAmI vidvattA * temAMye jesalameranA bhaMDAronI sAcavaNI mATe soLa soLa mahinA sudhI teoe je tapa karyuM che eno itihAsa to jevo preraka che evo ja romAMcaka che. vi. saM. 206nA kArataka vada sAtame zrI puNyavijayajI mahArAje jesalamera mATe vihAra karyo. A vakhate zrI kasturabhAI lAlabhAI mahArAja zrIne sAbaramatImAM maLyA hatA. te pachI mahArAja zrI jesalameramAM kAma karatA hatA tyAre teo jesalamera jaIne cAreka divasa tyAM rokAyA hatA ane zrI puNyavijayajI mahArAja dvArA thaI rahela kAmane pratyaya joyuM uparAMta kyAreka teone pATaNa javAnuM thatAM tyAMnA zrI hemacaMdrAcArya jaina jJAnamaMdiranuM emaNe nirIkSaNa karyuM. A badhAMne lIdhe emanA manamAM jJAnabhaMDAronA rakSaNa ane bhAratIya saMskRti tathA jainasaMskRtinA adhyayana mATe kaMIka nakkara kAma karavAnI bhAvanAnAM bIja ropAyAM. enuM pariNAma aMte amadAvAdamAM lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdiranI sthApanAmAM AvyuM. muni puNyavijayajIe potAnA hastalikhita ane mudrita hajAro graMthono amUlya khajAno e saMsthAne bheTa ApI dIdho. jesalameranA vihAra mATe zrI puNyavijayajI mahArAja amadAvAda thaIne pATaNa jaI rahyA hatA. eka divasa vahelI savAre raNuMja thI teoe relanA pATe pATe vihAra zarU karyo. pUrA prakAzanA abhAve emaNe garanALAne nuM joyuM ane garanALAthI 15-17 phITa nIce paDI gayA, paNa je zaktie bacapaNamAM AgathI ane moTI uMmare saMgrahaNInA vyAdhimAMthI teone bacAvI lIdhA hatA teNe ja A vakhate paNa emane AbAda bacAvI lIdhA, ATale UMcethI paDavA chatAM emane khAsa kaMI vAgyuM nahIM, ane te pachI teoe tereka mAIlano vihAra karyo ! jesalameranA bhaMDAronA uddhAra daramyAna rASTrapati bAbu rAjendraprasAdanuM dhyAna AvI amUla sAhityasamRddhi tarapha ane khAsa karIne ahiMsAnA pravartaka vIranI dharmavANI je bhASAmAM sacavAI che te, prAkRta bhASAnA graMtho pragaTa karavA tarapha gayuM. ene lIdhe chevaTe prokta TesTa sosAyaTInI sthApanA karavAnuM zakya banyuM. A prAcIna graMtho ane enA bhaMDAronI jALavaNI kevI rIte karavI e bAbatamAM puNyavijayajI mahArAja niSNAta hovAthI emanA hAthe je je bhaMDArono uddhAra thAya te cirakALa mATe surakSita banI jatA. AvA bhaMDArono vidvAno sahelAIthI upayoga karI zake evI goThavaNa paNa jyAM zakya hoya tyAM karavAnuM teo cUkatA nahIM. e emanA jJAnabhaMDAronA uddhAranI bIjI viziSTatA hatI. 0 240 ] prAcIna graMthonA ekasarakhA mApanAM bheLaseLa thaI gayelAM pAnAMomAMthI tema ja tADapatrIya graMthonA TukaDAomAMthI AkhA ke adhUrA graMthone taiyAra karI ApavAnI teonI sUjha ane nipuNatA Azcaryacakita kare evI hatI. coMTIne roTalo thaI gayelI kaMIka prato emanA hAthe navajIvana pAmI. muni puNyavijayajI tathA emanA guru zrI caturavijayajI mahArAja ane pravartaka zrI kAMtivijayajI mahArAje maLIne lIMbaDI, pATaNa, khaMbhAta, vaDodarA, bhAvanagara, pAlitANA, amadAvAda, jesalamera, bIkAnera, jodhapura uparAMta gujarAta-saurASTra ane rAjasthAnanA saMkhyAbaMdha graMthabhaMDArone tapAsI emane suvyavasthita karI, keTalAkanI yAdIo taiyAra karI ApI ane keTalAkanI savistara sUcione mudrita karI ApI; vaLI kyAMka reparo, baMdhano, dAbaDA ke peTIo ane kabATa sudhdhAMnI vyavasthA karAvI. keTalAya prAcIna graMthabhaMDArone nAmazeSa thatA bacAvI lIdhA. A mATe temaNe je jahemata uThAvI che, ane je kaSTasAdhya vihAro karyA che te bInA zrutarakSAnA itihAsamAM sonerI akSare aMkita thaI rahe evI che. 239 ]

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bhulAyelo bhekhadhArI * zabdasamIpa * pATaNamAM zrI hemacaMdrAcArya jaina jJAnamaMdira nAme graMthabhaMDAranI sthApanA thaI jenuM udghATana vi. saM. 1995mAM zrI kanaiyAlAla mANekalAla munazInA haste thayuM. vidvAno ane abhyAsIo mATe pATaNamAM eka vidyAnI paraba zarU thaI. prAcIna prato ane graMthabhaMDAronA saMrakSaNanI kalAnI viziSTa jANakArInI sAthosAthe pratone ane graMthastha temaja anya citrasAmagrI ke prAcIna kaLAmaya vastuone pArakhavAnI mahArAja zrInI zakti paNa abhuta hatI. uparAMta kaI pratanuM kaI dRSTie zuM mUlyAMkana karI zakAya enI paNa teo spaSTa samaja dharAvatA hatA. A badhA uparAMta puNyavijayajI mahArAjanI sauthI caDiyAtI ane virala kahI zakAya tevI viziSTatA hatI vidvAno ane saMzodhakone jarUrI badhI sahAya ApavAnI tatparatA. jJAnoddhAramAM ane jJAnaprasAramAM teone evo jIvaMta rasa hato ke e kAma teo pote kare ke bIjA kare e emane mana sarakhuM hatuM. ane bIjAne enI jJAnopAsanAmAM badhI sagavaDa maLI rahe enI teo pUrI citA rAkhatA. pote game tevA gaMbhIra kAmamAM ekAgra thayA hoya paNa koI jijJAsu Ave to teo leza paNa kRpaNatA karyA vagara pUrepUro samaya ApatA ane emane koI bAbatamAM jarAka prazna pUchIe to emanI zatamukhe pAMgarelI vidyApratibhAnAM tarata ja darzana thatAM ane emanuM bahuzrutapaNuM ke zAstrapAragAmIpaNuM joIne Azcaryamugdha thaI javAtuM. mahArAja zrI aneka viSayonA pAragAmI vidvAna hovA chatAM teo kyAreka potAnI paMDitAI ke vAcAturIthI AMjI nAkhavAno prayatna karatA nahIM. aMtaramAMthI vahetI emanI sahaja saraLa vANI jANe sAmI vyaktine vaza karI letI. dharma ane zAstra baMnenA zikhare birAjelA eka pAvanakArI vyaktitve vidAya lIdhI vi. saM. 2017nA jeTha vadi kane tA. 14-6-71nA divase. jJAnasAdhanA ane tapobaLanA AvA virala sumeLe vidAya lIdhI. madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanA abhyAsIne zrI mohanalAla desAInA 'jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa' ane 'jaina gurjara kavio 'no AdhAra lIdhA vinA bhAgye ja cAle, paNa prAcIna gujarAtI sAhitya mATe bhekha dhAraNa karanArA A vidvAna ghaNA lAMbA samaya sudhI abhyAsIothI ajANa rahyA. jemane AdhAre madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanAM prakaraNo racAya che tenuM nAmeya ApaNA sAhityanA itihAsamAM jaDatuM nathI. gujarAtanA saMzodhaka ane madhyakAlIna sAhityanA abhyAsI zrI jayaMta koThArIe 'jaina gurjara kavio'nA graMtho upalabdha karAvIne gujarAtI sAhityane bhulAyelA e bhekhadhArInI yAda ApI che. zrI mohanalAla desAI bhaNelA to hatA vakIlAtanuM. bI.e., elaela.bI. thayelA ne vyavasAya paNa vakIlAtano. muMbaI hAIkaoNrTamAM eNDavokeTa hatA. emane A sAhitya ane itihAsanI sevAno nAda kyAMthI lAgyo e koyaDo che. paccIsI vaTAvI na vaTAvI tyAM prAcIna sAhityanI sAmagrI ekaThI karavAnI dhUna emane vaLagI paDe che, je jIvananA aMta sudhI emano keDo mUkatI nathI. e dhUna emane cittabhramanI avasthA sudhI paNa kheMcI jAya che. n 241 ] 242

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* zabdasamIpa * AjathI 75 varSa pahelAMnA samayanI kalpanA karo. gujarAta-rAjasthAnamAM aneka nAnAM-moTAM gAmomAM vikharAyelA jJAnabhaMDAra, emAM sacavAyelI prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityanI asaMkhya hastaprato. enI pUjA thAya paNa ene ughADIne jue koNa ? enI azAtanA na thAya mATe ene jApatAmAM rAkhavAnI kanyAnI jema koInI najare paNa nahIM caDavA devAnI, mohanabhAI A badhAM gAmomAM kevI rIte pharI vaLyA haze. kevo vizvAsa jagAvIne jJAnamaMdironAM tALAM ughaDAvyAM haze, kevI dhUNI dhakhAvIne beThA haze ne asaMkhya pothIomAMthI potAnA graMthomAM utArelI pracura mAhitI noMdhI haze ane e jamAnAnI keTalI agavaDo-sagavaDo veThI haze enI ApaNe kalpanA ja karavAnI rahe che. sutAranuM mana bAvaLiye. pothI joI nathI ane mohanabhAI kAgaLa-kalama laIne besI gayA nathI. sAhitya pariSadanA saMmelanamAM hastapratonuM pradarzana thAya toye mohanabhAI emAMthI gujarAtI kRtionI mAhitI utArI le. AgrA gayA hoya to tyAMnA hastaprata bhaMDAra zodhe, kalakattA gayA hoya to tyAMnA keTalAMga uthalAve ane rAjasthAnanA koI gAmamAM gayA hoya to peTIpaTArA ughaDAve. aneka munimahArAjo , zrAvako, zreSThione abhyAsIono paNa saMparka kare. emanI niSThAne sAhityaprIti evI ke sau emane premapUrvaka potAnI pAsenI sAmagrI Ape. ane A rIte mohanabhAIe aneka sadIonA ApaNA sAhityanI aMdhArI guphAmAM mazAla pragaTAvavAnuM kArya karyuM. seMkaDo kaviratnone, emanI asaMkhya kAvyakRtione emaNe prakAzamAM ANyAM. - 1926mAM 'jaina gUrjara kavio'no prathama bhAga bahAra pADyo tyAre mohanabhAInuM dIrghakALathI seveluM svapna sAkAra thayuM ane gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsane eka navuM parimANa maLyuM. muni jinavijayajIe lakhyuM : "je vakhate amane kalameya jhAlatAM nahotI AvaDatI te vakhatanA e jaina itihAsa ane jaina sAhityanA vicAraghelA ane ananya Azaka banelA che. koI 20-22 varSathI je eka potAnA priya vicArarUpa suputranI e pratipAlanA karatA AvyA che tenA lagnotsava samAna saubhAgyabharelA suprasaMga jevo, A graMthane prakAzamAM mUkavAno temanA mATe suavasara gaNAya.... 1 243 ] * bhulAyelo bhekhadhArI * kyAM vakIlAtano vaheto dhaMdho ane kyAM A akhaMDa sAhityasevA !... kevaLa sAhityapravRtti e ja jemanA jIvananirvAhano khAsa upAya ane e ja jAtanuM jIvana jIvavA mATe jeo sarajAyA hoya tevA puruSo paNa, je kArya mohanabhAIe karI batAvyuM che te karI batAvavA bhAgye ja bhAgyazALI nIvaDe che. mohanabhAI jo na janmyA hota to kadAca jaina kavionI jhAMkhI karavA jagatane 21mI sadInI vATa jovI paData." paNa A to mohanabhAInA sAhityayajJanuM prathama pagaraNa hatuM. 1944 sudhI A sAhityayajJa avirata cAlu rahe che ane 'jaina gUrjara kavio'nA 4000 uparAMta pAnAMnA kula traNa bhAgo (ane cAra graMtho) pragaTa thAya che. 'jaina gurjara kavio' che to eka sUcigraMtha, paNa mahAbhArata mahAmUlo sUcigraMtha, emAM bAramIthI vIsamI sadI sudhInA 1000 jeTalA jaina kavione emanI rapa00 jeTalI lAMbI kRtio(laghu kRtio judI)nI mAhitI samAviSTa che. A mAhitI ApaNane ApaNA sAhityavArasAno romAMcaka paricaya karAve che. e sAhityavArasAmAM kavionuM pAMDitya che, dharmaprIti che, rasajJatA che. chaMdakauzala che ne bhASAprabhutva che; vArtAno adbhuta khajAno che. paurANika caritro che, itihAsa che, samAjadarzana che, tattvajJAna che ne dharmabodha che. - mohanabhAIe aneka puraka sAmagrIthI potAnI A graMthazreNIne vadhAre samRddha karI che. emAM emaNe jaina kathAnAe koza, dezIonI sUci, guru paTTAvalIone gujarAtInI pUrvaparaMparAno itihAsa evuM ghaNuMbadhuM joDavuM che. jaina sAhitya ane itihAsano jANe eka jJAnakoza. kharekhara to mohanabhAI pote ja eka haratA-pharatA, jIvatA-jAgatA jJAnakoza. samA hatA. emanA magajamAM eTalI badhI mAhitI UbharAyA karatI ke e TUMkuM to kadI lakhI zakatA ja nahIM. 'jaina gurjara kavio'nA pahelA bhAgamAM emaNe prastAvanA rUpe gujarAtInI pUrvaparaMparAno itihAsa joDyo ane e thaI gayo 2300 uparAMta pAnAno ! bIjA bhAgamAM emaNe prastAvanA rUpe jaina sAhityano itihAsa cheka AgamakALathI ApavAnuM dhAryuM ane lekha eTalo vistarato gayo ke aMte eno svataMtra graMtha ja thayo. 'jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa' nAma che 'saMkSipta', paNa 1000 uparAMta pAnAMno e graMtha che ane pAne pAne mAhitIthI bharacaka che. 1 244 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * mohanabhAIe kaoNrTanAM vekezano A sAhityasaMzodhana pAchaLa kharcyA. te uparAMta rAtre moDe sudhI emanI A kAmagIrI cAlatI. emAM vakIlAtano bhoga paNa levAyo haze. paraMtu muMbaInI kholImAM ekale hAthe AvA Akara graMthonA nirmANanuM kArya kevI rIte thayuM haze te kautukano viSaya che. AvAM kAma karatA vidvAnonI phoja dharAvatI yunivarsiTI jevI saMsthAo paNa hAMphI jatI hoya che. asAdhAraNa smRtizakti vinA, magaja kompyUTara jevuM banAvyA vagara AvAM kAma ekale hAthe na bane. ane mohanabhAIe potAnA magajane AvuM banAvyuM hatuM enI sAkSI emano ekeeka lekha pUre che. devacaMdrajI vize e lakhavA bese tyAre ene anuSaMge je-je vyaktione kRtino nirdeza karavAno Ave enA vizeSe pUratI mAhitI ThAlavyA vinA emane cena paDe nahIM. mohanabhAIe sAhityasevAno sAco - pUro aMdAja meLavavo ghaNo agharo che. emaNe pAMca varSa jainayuga' nAmanuM mAsika calAvyuM che. e pAMca varSamAM emano phALo 800-900 pAnAMno che ! mohanabhAInAM lakhANono upayoga karIne ghaNA loko vidvAna tarIke prasiddhi pAmI gayA paNa mohanabhAI pote aMdhakAranA AvaraNamAM DhaMkAtA gayA. jainane nimitte emaNe karI sAhityasevA, paNa e jANe saMpradAyasevAmAM khapI. mohanabhAIne sAhityasevAno nAda lAgyo enA karatAMye vizeSa camatkArika vastu to emaNe prApta karelI sajjatA che. jUnI gujarAtI uparAMta saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMzamAM paNa emano praveza che. A jJAna emaNe kyAMthI lIdhuM ? koI pAThazALAmAM ke koI munimahArAja pAsethI emaNe zikSaNa lIdhAnuM jANavAmAM AvatuM nathI. uparAMta emanAM sarva lakhANomAM - 'jaina gUrjara kavio' jevA graMthamAM khAsa apUrva zAstrIya zista ane vaijJAnika rajUAta dekhAya che. emanI vistRta zabdasUcio juo, paeNregrApho ne kavio-kRtione kramAMko ApavAnI emanI rIta juo, cheka sudhI zuddhivRddhi karatA javAnI emanI cIvaTa juo, sarva AdhAro ne dastAvejI mAhitI noMdhI levAnI emanI dIrghadraSTi juo-- gujarAtI sAhityanA kSetre to A ghaTanA to ghaNI virala jaNAze. AnI tAlIma emaNe kyAMthI lIdhI ? potAne madada karanAra aneka vyaktionA nAmollekha karanAra mohanabhAI A vize kazuM kahetA nathI tethI samajAya che ke e ApaghaDyA Q 245 D bhulAyelo bhekhadhArI - vidvAna hatA. selphameiDa mena hatA eNe AjubAju joyuM haze, yuropIya vidvAnonAM kAryono paricaya karyo haze paNa taiyAra thayA che jAte. * mohanabhAI mAtra sAhitya ne itihAsanA dhULadhoyA nahotA. emaNe dharma, tattvajJAna ane jIvananItinA lekho paNa lakhyA che. emAM emanI dRSTi vizALa che, navA yuganI che ne rASTrabhAvanAthI raMgAyelI che. e pote prakRtie dhArmika, sarala, sevAbhAvI ne niHspRhI hatA. sAhityasevAno emano sarva zrama prItiparizrama hato. rAjakoTamAM mAmA prANajIvana morArajI zAha pAse e UcharyA ne emanI pAsethI sAdAInA, dhArmikatAnA, dezasevAnA pATha e bhaNyA. nAnAmAM nAnA mANasamAM e rasa letA ane enI sAthe rastAmAM be-aDhI-traNa kalAka UbhA rahIne paNa enA jIvananI jhINAmAM jhINI mAhitI meLavatA. pote ghasAIne upayogI thavA prayatna karatA. koIne madadanI jarUra hoya tyAre evo saMkalpa karatA ke Aje sAMje 4 thI 8 ke 5 thI 7 daramiyAna dhaMdhAnI je rokaDa Avaka thaze te huM A mATe ApI daIza. mohanabhAIno 1885mAM vAMkAnera tAlukAnA luNasara gAme janma. avasAna 1945mAM rAjakoTamAM. emanuM rAjakoTamAM sanmAna goThavAyuM hatuM. emane thelI arpaNa thavAnI hatI. muMbaIthI jaina samAjanA agraNIo e mATe AvavAnA hatA, paNa enA becAra divasa pahelAM ja e avasAna pAmyA. mAmA kahe - ApaNAthI paisA na rakhAya ane 50-60 hajAranI zailI kazuMka umerIne parata karI. gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa A saMzodhakanI kAmagIrInI noMdha vinA adhUro gaNAya. 246)

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bahuzruta vidvAna ane saMzodhaka ajJAta hastaprato ane kaThina graMtho para navIna prakAza pADanAra saMzodhakanuM jIvana kvacit ajANyuM rahetuM hoya che. dhULadhoyAnI niSThA, cokasAIbharyo abhyAsa ane sarasvatInI ekaniSTha upAsanA dharAvatuM saMzodhakanuM jIvana kharekhara sarasa hoya che. saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza ane madhyakAlIna gujarAtanA bhASA ane sAhitya, tema ja itihAsa ane saMskRtinA vyutpanna vidvAna zrI bhogIlAla sAMDesarAnA saMzodhanakArya jeTaluM ja emanuM jIvana samRddha hatuM. emano janma I. sa. 1917mAM pATaNamAM eka parama vaiSNava ane dhArmika kuTuMbamAM thayo, emanA pitAzrI jayacaMdabhAI IzvaradAsa sAMDesarA amadAvAdamAM vepAra kheDatA hatA. e samaye amadAvAda zahera sUtara, rezama ane kasaba ema traNa tAra para jIvatuM kahevAtuM. zrI jayacaMdabhAI amadAvAdamAM rezamano vepAra karatA hatA. emanAM patnI mahAlakSmIbahena gharanI pUrI saMbhALa rAkhatAM hatAM, AthI zrI bhogIlAlabhAInA abhyAsano prAraMbha amadAvAdamAM thayo. bALapothIthI bIjI gujarAtI sudhIno abhyAsa emaNe amadAvAdamAM karyo. hajI mAtra ATha varSanI uMmara hatI tyAre bhogIlAla 1 247 ] * bahuzrata vidvAna ane saMzodhaka : bhAIe jIvananI zILI chatrachAyA gumAvI. emanA pitAnuM avasAna thayuM. gharano vahIvaTa ane vyavasthA emanAM phoIbA kAzIbahene saMbhALyAM. temane tathA nAnA bhAI upendrabhAIne pitAnI khoTa sAlavA dIdhI nahi. kuTuMba vatana pATaNamAM rahevA AvyuM. emano abhyAsa aviratapaNe cAlu rahyo. pATaNamAM pahelAM sarakArI nizALamAM bhaNyA. pachI pATaNa hAIskUlamAM abhyAsa karyo. zrI bhogIlAlabhAInA jIvanamAM nizALanA abhyAsa samaye eka moTI ghaTanA banI. I. sa. 1931mAM pATaNamAM muni jinavijayajI AvyA. teo siMdhI graMthamALAnI sAmagrI ekatrita karavA mATe pATaNa AvyA hatA ane jaina baoNrDiMgamAM UtaryA hatA. A samaye navamA dhoraNamAM bhaNatA zrI bhogIlAlabhAI muni jinavijayajIne maLyA ane potAne AvaDe evA savAlo karyA. meLApane aMte muni jinavijayajIe kahyuM ke tame kAle Avajo. huM puNyavijayajI pAse tamane laI jaIza, bIje divase munijI emane puNyavijayajI pAse laI gayA ane kahyuM ke tamane eka vidyArthInI soMpaNI karavA Avyo chuM. pUjya puNyavijayajI ane muni jinavijayajInI gujarAtanI sAhityika samRddhi jANavAnI tamannA zrI bhogIlAlabhAIne sparzI gaI. ane munizrI puNyavijayajInA mArgadarzana heThaLa pATaNanA prAcIna graMthabhaMDAronA avalokana ane upayoganI pUrI anukuLatA prApta thaI. eno yogya uchera kare tevA prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityanA abhyAsI ane saMzodhaka zrI rAmalAla cunIlAla modIno meLApa thayo. e samaye zrI rAmalAlabhAI pATaNa hAIskUlamAM zikSaka hatA. zrI rAmalAlabhAI sara kArI taMtramAM eka meTrikyuleTa zikSaka tarIkenI nAnI nokarI karatA hatA. A nokarI aMge saMzodhananAM sAdhano ke jarUrI pustako maLe nahi evAM nAnAM gAmomAM varSo sudhI rahevuM paDyuM. Arthika muzkelIo paNa eTalI ja . paraMtu A badhI AphatonI sAme koI pUrvavAsanAthI prerAIne kArya karatA hoya tema emaNe gujarAtanA itihAsa-purAtattva ane bhASAsAhityamAM uttama saMzodhana karyuM. zrI rAmalAlabhAInI vaijJAnika dRSTi, maulika sAmagrInA anveSaNanI sUjha, vastuo ane vicAronA AMtarasaMbaMdho samajavAnI ane samajAvavAnI kalpanAzakti tema ja aneka vidyAomAM viharatI emanI zAstravyutpatti zrI bhogIlAlabhAIne sparzI gayAM. pATaNa hAIskUlanA heDamAstara zrI kalyANarAya nathubhAI jozI pAsethI preraNA maLI. kizora bhogIlAlabhAIne saMzodhanamAM rasa paDavA mAMDyo. 1 248 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * A samaye emano abhyAsa to AgaLa cAlu ja hato. meTrikamAM AvyA. badhA viSayamAM pAraMgata, paNa eka gaNitano viSaya saheje na phAve, vAMcana ane saMzodhana eTaluM badhuM cAlatuM ke gaNita para satata dhyAna ApI zakAtuM nahi. I. sa. 1933mAM muMbaI yunivarsiTInI meTrikanI parIkSAmAM beThA, paNa gaNitamAM nApAsa thayA, pharI vAra I. sa. 1934mAM meTrikanI parIkSAmAM beThA, paNa pariNAma e ja AvyuM. zrI bhogIlAlabhAIe mAnyuM ke have kaoNlejanA daravAjA potAne mATe baMdha thaI cUkyA che. 1934mAM amadAvAda AvyA. emanA mitra zrI yazavaMta zukla meTrikanI parIkSAmAM besavA mATe ghaNo Agraha karyo. nyU hAIskUlamAMthI teo meTrikanI parIkSA ApavA beThA. e varSe evo sukhada akasmAta banyo ke parIkSake eka dAkhalo khoTo pULyo hato. surata ane anya zaheromAMthI A aMge parIkSA pachI virodha jAgyo. pariNAme meTrikanI parIkSAmAM beThelA tamAma vidyArthIone cha guNa vadhArI ApavAnuM nakkI karavAmAM AvyuM. zrI bhogIlAlabhAIne uttIrNa thavA mATe gaNitamAM mAtra cAra ja guNa khUTatA hatA. pariNAme teo meTrikamAM uttIrNa thayA. saMzodhanano nAda to kyArano ya lAgI cUkyo hato. meTrikamAM abhyAsa karatA hatA tyAre I. sa. 1934mAM muMbaInI phArbasa sabhAe 'rUpasuMdarakathA' nAmanuM emanuM saMpAdita pustaka pragaTa karyuM. mAdhava kavie saM. 1706mAM A vRttabaddha gujarAtI kAvya raceluM che. jUnA gujarAtI sAhityamAM vRttabaddha racanAo thatI nahotI evI zrI narasiMharAva diveTiyAnI mAnyatA enA prakAzanathI nirmaLa TharI. navAInI vAta e che ke zrI bhogIlAlabhAIe meTrikamAM je pustaka saMpAdita karyuM hatuM te emane 1943mAM ema.e.mAM hatA tyAre abhyAsamAM e pustaka bhaNavAnuM AvyuM. meTrika pachI be varSa - 1975thI 1937 - 'gujarAta samAcAra " ane "prajAbaMdhu'nA taMtrI khAtAmAM kAma karyuM. e samaye teo 'gujarAta samAcAra 'nA agralekho lakhatA ane pIDha patrakAra ane lekhaka zrI cunIlAla vardhamAna zAhanA gADha saMparkamAM AvyA. eka sukhada akasmAtathI meTrikamAM pAsa thayA, to e ja rIte kaoNleja praveza vakhate paNa eka vilakSaNa yogAnuyoga thayo. e samaye kaoNlejanA prathama varSamAM bhautikazAstra ane gaNita e baMne pharajiyAta viSayo hatA. paNa zrI bhogIlAlabhAI 0 249 ] * bahuzruta vidvAna ane saMzodhaka : jyAre 1937mAM gujarAta kaoNlejamAM dAkhala thayA, e varSe ja viSayonI judI vaheMcaNI muMbaI yunivarsiTIe karI hatI. pariNAme gaNitane badale emaNe baso guNano vizva-itihAsano viSaya lIdho. kaoNlejanA pahelA varSanI kaoNleja-parIkSAnuM pariNAma AvyuM tyAre ekamAtra bhogIlAlabhAIne ja prathama varga maLyo. gaNita jevA viSaya karatAM paNa emaNe vizva-itihAsanA viSayamAM vadhu guNa meLavyA hatA ! kolejanA abhyAsakALa daramyAna temane gujarAtanA khyAtanAma vivecaka zrI anaMtarAya rAvaLa pAsethI ziSTa graMtho zIkhavA maLyA. I. sa. 1941mAM gujarAtI (mukhya) ane saMskRta (aicchika) viSayo sAthe zrI bhogIlAlabhAIe bI.e.nI parIkSA prathama vargamAM pasAra karI. teo gujarAta kaoNlejamAM dakSiNA phelo nimAyA. 1943mAM e ja viSayo sAthe ema.e.nI parIkSAmAM prathama vargamAM uttIrNa thayA. gujarAtInA viSayamAM muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM prathama AvavA mATe dI, ba. kezavalAla dhruva suvarNacaMdraka meLavyo. teo uttIrNa thayA pachI paMdara divasamAM ja gujarAta vidyAsabhAnA anusnAtaka vargomAM prAdhyApaka tarIke temanI nimaNUka thaI. A samaye yuvAna bhogIlAlabhAIne mAthe anusnAtaka zikSaNanI ghaNI moTI javAbadArI AvI hatI. I. sa. 1943 thI I. sa. 1951 sudhI gujarAta vidyAsabhAmAM zrI bhogIlAlabhAIe adhyayana ane adhyApananuM kArya karyuM. A samaya e emanA vyaktitva-ghaDataramAM ghaNo mahattvano samaya gaNAya. saMzodhakonI hUMpha sAMpaDI. kAma karavAnI suMdara taka maLI. zrI rasikalAla parIkha jevA vidvAna pAsethI vidyA ane sneha baMne sAMpaDyAM. emaNe 'mahAmAtya vastupALanuM sAhityamaMDaLa tathA saMskRta sAhityamAM teno phALo' e viSaya upara aMgrejImAM zodhaprabaMdha lakhI pIeca.DI.nI upAdhi prApta karI. mULa aMgrejI graMtha siMghI jaina graMthamALAmAM ane eno gujarAtI anuvAda gujarAta vidyAsabhA taraphathI pragaTa thayo che. enA hindI ane telugu anuvAdo paNa thayA che. A samaye 'jaina Agama sAhityamAM gujarAta" nAmanuM pustaka taiyAra karyuM. I. sa. 1948mAM zrI bhogIlAlabhAInI saMzodhanapravRttinA navA sImAcihna samo paMcataMtra' graMtha pragaTa thayo. mUla 'paMcataMtra' vidyamAna nathI ane ethI 'paMcataMtra'nI vividha pAThaparaMparA (Versions) maLe che. Aje jene 'paMcataMtra' 0 rapa0

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* zabdasamIpa * tarIke sAmAnya rIte oLakhavAmAM Ave che te mULa 'paMcataMtra'nI pazcima bhAratIya pAThaparaMparA che. AthI zrI bhogIlAlabhAIe paMcataMtra kathAgraMthano zAstrIya anuvAda ane Avazyaka hoya tyAM pAThAMtara AdinI carcA to karI ja, paraMtu ethI ya vizeSa A viSayono samagra dRSTie avalokavA mATe pazcima bhAratIya 'paMcataMtra' uparAMta 'paMcataMtra'nI bIjI prAcIna pAThaparaMparAono tulanAtmaka abhyAsa ane enA bheda-prabhedonI noMdha karavAnuM bhagIratha kArya karyuM. A pustakanA 'purovacana'mAM vivecaka zrI rAmanArAyaNa vi. pAThaka A saMzodhanagraMthanI vizeSatA darzAvatAM lakhe che : " kahevAnI bhAgye ja jarUra hoya ke pro. bhogIlAla sAMDesarAne hAthe A pustakane pUrNa nyAya maLyo che. bhASAMtara sAdhAraNa bhaNela paNa vAMcIne samajI zake evuM thayuM che, ane vidvAno paNa Adara kare evI vidvattA enA saMpAdanamAM, TippaNomAM ane enA upoddhAtamAM AvatI carcAmAM rahelI che. temaNe upalabdha eTalAM badhAM paMcataMtronI vArtAo AmAM saMgrahI che. pATha nakkI karavAmAM eka prAcIna saMzodhakanI kuzaLatA darzAvI che, paMcataMtranI paraMparAno itihAsa eka purAtattvavidanI rIte Alekhyo che ane eka vivecakanI dRSTie paMcataMtranuM sAhityika mahattva darzAvyuM che. hiMdamAM saMskRtamAMthI vyutpanna thatI bhASAomAM, ATalI zAstrIya ane vizAla dRSTithI paMcataMtranuM A paheluM ja saMpAdana thAya che." yuvAna bhogIlAlabhAI AgamanuM bhASAMtara kare, prabaMdhonuM saMzodhana kare. barAbara A ja samaye mahAtmA gAMdhIjInI pravRttiothI deza navacetana anubhavato hato. aneka yuvAno emanI ahiMsaka laDatamAM jhaMpalAvatA hatA. hastaprato, zAstro ane itihAsagraMthonI anveSaNA karatA bhogIlAlabhAImAM AsapAsanI paristhitino pratibhAva anubhavatA hatA. kyAreka mana thaI Ave ke A badhuM choDIne gAMdhIjInI laDatamAM joDAI jAuM. eka vAra gujarAta vidyAsabhAmAM zrI ravizaMkara mahArAja AvyA. yuvAna bhogIlAlabhAIe potAnA hRdayanI vyathA pragaTa karatAM kahyuM, "mane bhAre muMjhavaNa thAya che. Aje dezane ghaNo yuvAnonI jarUra che, tyAre huM A pustakonA gaMja vacce beTho chuM. mArAthI kazuM racanAtmaka kAma thatuM nathI. zuM huM mArI A pravRtti choDIne dezasevAnA kAmamAM lAgI jAuM ? mAre tamAruM mArgadarzana joIe che." 251 ] * bahuzruta vidvAna ane saMzodhaka : pUjya ravizaMkara mahArAje lAkSaNika rIte javAba Apyo : "tamAre mATe A ja dezasevA che." I. sa. 1949mAM vaDodarAmAM ma. sa. vizvavidyAlayanI sthApanA thaI. 1951mAM tyAM zrI bhogIlAlabhAInI gujarAtInA prAdhyApaka (prophesara) tarIke nimaNuka thaI. gujarAtanI yunivarsiTIomAM pahelI ja vAra prAdhyApakanI nimaNuka karavAmAM AvI ane te paNa gujarAtI viSayamAM. 34 varSanA zrI bhogIlAlabhAIne mAthe moTI kAmagIrI AvI paDI. pote ATalA UMcA sthAnanI javAbadArIthI vAkepha hatA ane ethI thoDo saMkoca anubhavatA hatA. paraMtu A samaye zrI ravizaMkara mahArAjanI salAha letAM emaNe kahyuM, "tamAre jarAya saMkoca rAkhavAnI jarUra nathI. Izvara dareka mANasa para eTalo ja bojo mUke che, jeTalo e upADI zake che." emaNe sAkSara zrI rAmanArAyaNa pAThakane A kaparI kAmagIrI aMge sUcano pUchaDyAM, tyAre pAThaka sAhebe javAba vALyo, 'I have no advice to give you. I am sure that you will rise to the occasion.' munizrI puNyavijayajI, munizrI jinavijayajI tathA zrI rasikalAla cho. parIkha jevA prakAMDa vidvAno pAse dIkSA pAmelA A tejasvI sArasvatanI vizeSatA e hatI ke jevuM temanuM vidyApa hatuM tevI ja emanI zIlanI ArAdhanA paNa utkaTa hatI. gujarAtI, saMskRta, prAkRta Adi bhASAo, itihAsa saMskRta ane jainadarzana Adi aneka pradezomAM emanI vidvattA ghUmI vaLI eTaluM ja nahIM, aneka graMthorUpe ene vAcA maLI. 'itihAsanI keDI', 'saMzodhananI keDI', 'itihAsa ane sAhitya tathA "anveSaNA" jevA emanA aneka graMtho che. temaNe kuDIbaMdha saMskRta, prApta ane gujarAtI prAcIna kRtionuM saMzodhana ane zAstrIya saMpAdana karyuM che. prAcIna gurjara graMthamAlA' ane 'pro. ba. ka. ThAkora prakAzanamALAmAM tathA vikhyAta gAyakavADa oriyenTala sirijhamAM bahusaMkhya graMtho emanA samartha mArgadarzana heThaLa pragaTa thayA. 1 2para

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* zabdasamIpa * 'jarnala oNpha dhI oriyenTala insTiTyUTa" tathA "svAdhyAya 'nA saMpAdaka tarIke saMzodhanapravRttinA vikAsamAM temaNe mUlyavAna pradAna karyuM che. nyUyaoNrkanA rokaphelara phAunDezananA speziyala phelo tarIke 1956-57mAM temaNe pazcima ane pUrvanA dezonI vighAyAtrA karI che tathA enA anubhavo 'pradakSiNA' pustakarUpe pragaTa karyo. I. sa. 1952mAM muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM temaNe 'zabda ane artha' e viSe suprasiddha Thakkara vasanajI mAdhavajI vyAkhyAnamALAnAM pAMca vyAkhyAno ApyAM. gujarAtImAM zabdArthazAstra (semantics) viSe e prAya: pahelo ja graMtha che. 1953mAM temane uttama saMzodhana ane saMpAdanakArya mATe gujarAta sAhitya sabhAe raNajitarAma suvarNacaMdraka enAyata karyo. 1955mAM naDiyAda khAte gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA ogaNIsamA adhivezanamAM itihAsa-purAtatva vibhAganA pramukha tarIke zrI bhogIlAlabhAInI pasaMdagI thaI. 1959mAM bhuvanezvara (orisA) khAte maLela akhila bhArata prAcya vidyA pariSadanA vIsamA adhivezananA prAkRta bhASAo ane jaina dharma vibhAganA pramukha tarIke temanI varaNI thaI hatI ane Progress of Prakrit and Jain Studies e zIrSaka nIcenuM emanuM adhyakSIya vyAkhyAna banArasa yuni.nA jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maMDaLa taraphathI prasiddha thayuM che. 1961mAM saNosarA khAte gujarAtInA adhyApakasaMghanA pramukhapadethI temaNe 'gujarAtI koza' viSe vyAkhyAna ApyuM hatuM. emAM gujarAtImAM kozaracanA-pravRttinuM avalokana karIne, aitihAsika siddhAMta anusAra racAvA joItA kozanI rUparekhA ApI hatI. I. sa. 1962mAM mahAmAtya vastupAlanA sAhityamaMDaLa viSenA graMtha mATe suratanI narmada sAhityasabhAe temane narmada suvarNacaMdraka arpaNa karyo. 1962thI 1964 sudhI be varSa teo gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanA pramukha hatA. 1969mAM vallabhavidyAnagara khAte gujarAta saMzodhaka pariSadanA pAMcamA adhivezanamAM itihAsa ane saMskRti vibhAganA pramukha tarIke temanI varaNI thaI hatI. 1977mAM temaNe bho. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAdanA nimaMtraNathI bhAratIya saMskRti vyAkhyAnamALAmAM prabaMdhAdimAM aitihAsika ane sAmAjika vastu' e viSe vyAkhyAno ApyAM, pustako ane saMpAdano uparAMta temanA pAMcaso karatA vadhu lekho gujarAtI ane aMgrejImAM pragaTa thayA. 1 253 ] * bahuzruta vidvAna ane saMzodhaka : zrI bhogIlAlabhAInA snehImaMDaLano Alekha emanA graMthonI arpaNapatrikAmAMthI maLe che. emaNe potAnuM 'itihAsanI keDI' e pustaka emanA phoIbAne arpaNa karyuM che, jemaNe emane bALapaNamAM saMskAradIkSA ApI. vaLI 'paMcataMtra' vizenI saMzodhanakRti pUjya munizrI puNyavijayajIne, 'saMzodhananI keDI' zrI rasikalAla cho. parIkhane, 'itihAsa ane sAhitya' zrI anaMtarAya rAvaLane, 'anveSaNA' zrI yazavaMta zukla ane zrI caMpakalAla zukla e mitraddhayIne 'Laxicographical Studies in Jain Sanskrit' munizrI jinavijayajIne tathA 'anusmRti' potAnA paramaguru prajJAcakSu paM. sukhalAlajIne arpaNa karela che. muni jinavijayajI : jIvana ane kArya' e pustakanuM samarpaNa 'vizvAtmakatA" pAmelA e prakAMDa saMzodhane saMskRta zlokomAM thayuM che. - I. sa. 1951thI 1975 sudhI zrI bhogIlAlabhAIe ma. sa. vizvavidyAlayanA gujarAtI vibhAganA prophesara ane adhyakSa tarIke ekadhArI 25 varSa sudhI kAmagIrI bajAvI. e pachI I. sa. 1958thI 1975 sudhI AMtararASTrIya khyAti pAmelI vaDodarAnI vikhyAta saMzodhana-saMsthA prApya vidyAmaMdiranA niyAmaka tarIke 17 varSa sudhI kAmagIrI bajAvI. e samaya daramyAna gujarAtI vibhAganA adhyakSa tarIke paNa teo cAlu rahyA. sane 1951thI. 1975 satata pacIsa varSa temaNe vaDodarA yuni.nI seneTanA sabhya tarIke tathA cha varSa sudhI sinDikeTanA sabhya tarIke kAma karyuM hatuM. 197panI pAMcamI eprilanA roja teo nivRtta thayA. emanA mitro, vidyArthIo ane prazaMsakoe nivRtti samaye vaDodarA yunivarsiTInAM prathama vAisa cAnselara zrImatI haMsAbahena mahetAnA pramukhapade emane ekavIsa hajAra rUpiyAnI thelI arpaNa karI che, jemAMthI premAnaMda sAhitya sabhA ane vaDodarA yunivarsiTInA saMyukta upakrame "DaoN. bI. je . sAMDesarA vyAkhyAnamALA'nI AyojanA thaI che tathA e anvaye A pahelAM zrI anaMtarAya rAvaLa ane zrI manasukhalAla jhaverIe vyAkhyAno ApyAM che. nivRtti pachI paNa emanAM saMzodhanakAryanI pravRtti eTalI ja vegIlI rahI hatI. A samaye teo hasatA hasatA kahe che ke pahelAM sarasvatIno pagAradAra pUjArI hato, have mAnad pUjArI banyo chuM. 'svadharma' bajAvyAno saMtoSa sAthe 1995nI aDhAramI jAnyuArIe A bahuzruta vidvAna ane saMzodhake vidAya lIdhI.

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lokasAhityano Azaka eka bAju ghUghavato mahAsAgara, to bIjI bAju kacchanuM verAna dhagadhagatuM raNa. arabI samudranAM UchaLatAM mojAM ane lAMbA aphATa raNa vacce Ubhelo A pradeza. ekAMtamAM, ekalA-aTUlA paNa gauravathI yogasAdhanA karatA yogI samo khaDo che ! AvaLa, bAvaLa ane boDInI jhADImAMthI susavATA mArato A chaDAno pavana ! khamIrabharI dharatIno e khyAla Ape, to khaDatala mAnavInA jozo-kharozane satata jAgatA rAkhe ! A kacchI mADuno paheraveza ju do. enA jevo pAghaDIno peca kyAMya dITho na maLe, enI bhASA judI, to eka jamAnAnA enA pAMciyA, korI, Dhabu, DhIMgalA ane trAMbiyA jevA sikkA ya anokhA. A sUkI ane khaDatala dharA para tapa, tyAga ane AtmasamarpaNanI aneka kathAo dharabAyelI paDI hatI. mahenatakaza mAnavInI dilAvarInI ghaNI-ghaNI gAthAo salokAonI jIbhane Terave ramatI hatI. enA duhA, kissA, lokagIto, kahevato, pirolI (ukhANAM) ane joDakaNAM lokajIvanane lIluMchama banAve jatAM hatAM. A khajAnAnI zodhamAM eka juvAna kyAreka UMTa para, to kyAreka ghoDA para besIne Thera-Thera dhUmato, kadI rapapa ] * lokasAhityano Azake * gADAmAM besIne gAme-gAma khUMdato, to kadI pagapALA cAlIne verAna khaMDeromAM pharato. enA dilamAM eka darada UpaDyuM hatuM. e ene palAMThI vALIne besavA de tevuM na hatuM. darada hatuM lokasAhityanuM. e mAnavI enI pAchaLa dIvAno banyo hato. khovAyelI kathAonI gota karavA e satata bhaTake ja jato. jyAM jAya tyAM pALiyAnI tapAsa kare. enA paranA jhAMkhA lekha ukele, AsapAsanAM gharaDerAM pAsethI enI kathAo meLave, pALiyAnA paththarane e bolato karI deto ! vaNalakhyA lokasAhityano A Azaka gAma ne goMdarA, khetara ne pAdarA ghUmato cAlyo jAya, eka 'di e kacchanA raNane kinAre AvIne Ubho. geDIthI belA javAne raste AvelA vrajavANI gAme Avyo. ahIM sarovaranI bAjumAM eka vizALa medAnamAM keTalAya UMcA UMcA pALiyAo. emAMya vacceno pALiyo to sahuthI UMco ! lokasAhityanA AzakanI AMkho ghUmavA lAgI. paththaranA mUMgA bola ukelavA mathavA lAgyo. UMTavALAne pAse besADIne premathI pUchyuM, eNe kahyuM ke A sthaLa DholItharanA nAme oLakhAya che. Azaka to acaraja mAM DUbI gayo. pALiyAnI lAMbI hAra vacceno pALiyo enI AturatAmAM anekagaNo vadhAro karI gayo. e pALiyo koI zuravIrano nahoto, e pALiyo pati pAchaLa satI thanArI nArIno nahoto, dIkarA pAchaLa deha pADanArI jananIno nahoto, e vaccenA pALiyA para DholanuM nizAna hatuM ! kyAMya Avo DholIno pALiyo dITho hato ! e pALiyA para saMvata 1511nA vaizAkha suda cothanI miti lakhI hatI. DholInA pALiyAnI AsapAsa keTalAya pALiyA hatA. lokasAhityanA zodhake bhUtakALanI bhulAyelI kathAnAM paDa eka pachI eka ukelavA mAMDyAM. eka anerI ane ajAyaba ghaTanA ane hAtha lAgI, kathA AvI maLI. eka veLA vrajavANI gAmanI AhIrANIo DholInA Dhola para ghelI banI. akSayatRtIyAne divase utsavanA AnaMdamAM DholInA Dhola pAchaLa rAsa letI AhIrANIo duniyAdArInuM bhAna bhUlI gaI. hAthIdAMtanA jADA cUDalAvALA emanA hAthanI tALIo DholanA avAja sAthe ramajhaTa macAvatI dUra dUra sudhI saMbhaLAtI, page paherelA kAMbI-kaDalAMno mITho raNakAra vAtAvaraNamAM navo ja jhaNajhaNATa bharI deto. jADAM paNa sughaDa vastromAM bharelI tArATapakIo vAtAvaraNa bharI detI hatI. sAMja paDI. AhIro ghera pahoMcI gayA. paNa rAsa 2manArI... _256 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * rAsaramaNIonI duniyA judI hatI. sUraja AthamI gayo. vaizAkhI tRtIyAnI vaMkaDI caMdrarekhA AkAzane ovAre camakIne cAlatI paNa thaI. AhIro AhIrANIone bolAvavA gayA. paNa DholInA Dhola para DolI rahelI AhIrANIo koIne dAda Ape tema na hatI. savAra paDavAne bahu vAra na hatI. AhIronI dhIraja khUTI. gAyo-bheMsone dohI levAno vakhata thayo. Dhora barADe, vAcharaDAM raDe, mAtAne sAda karIne raDatA-raDatA UMghI gayelA chokarA pharI raDavA lAgyA. AhIronI dhIraja khUTI. gharanA trAse gussAnuM svarUpa lIdhuM. sahue DholIne raheMsI nAkhI kaTakA karavAno nirNaya karyo. rAsamAM ramamANa DholI para AhIra yuvAnoe ghA karyo. mAthuM uDAvI dIdhuM, chatAM thoDI vAra DholInA hAtha paranI dAMDI Dhola para paDatI rahI. DholI paDyo ! AkAzamAMthI jANe vIjaLI paDI ! AhIrANIonA jIvanano AnaMda DholInA Dhola vagara zunya thaI gayo. jIvanabharanA pavitra mitra DholI pAchaLa sAta vIsuM eTale ke ekaso cAlIsa AhIra suMdarIoe agniranAna karyuM. - lokasAhityanA bhekhadhArI zrI dulerAya kArANIe zodhelI A kathA lokasAhityanI eka lAjavAba kathA che. kalA pAchaLanA AtmasamarpaNanI AvI kathA bIje kyAMya jovA maLatI nathI. Aje paNa e pALiyAo koI bhasmIbhUta banelA snehasadananI yAda Ape che. zrI dulerAya kArANIe kacchanI visarAyelI dharatInI kathAone kalamadeha Apyo. raNavAsI, pahADavAsI, sAgaravAsI, sAhasazurI prajAnA jIvananI pahecAna enA dilamAM UtarIne AlekhI, zrI jhaveracaMda meghANIe saurASTranA lokasAhityane vismRtinA aMdhakAramAMthI bahAra kADhIne lokabhogya banAvyuM. evI ja rIte zrI dulerAya kArANIe ekalA-aTUlA kacchanA lokasAhityane rajU karyuM. zrI meghANI jevo sabhAkhaMDane rasataraboLa karI deto avAja emanI pAse che. kavitA, daSTAMto ane kathAo emanI jIbhe ramatAM ja rahe che. emaNe koI banAvaTI prANavAyu phUMkIne nahIM, paraMtu asala vatanapremanI cetanA phaMkIne kacchI bolI, kacchI prajA ane kacchI jIvanane prANavaMta karI dIdhAM. lokasAhitya ekaThuM karatAM karatAM duhA, chaMda, kAvyo, kathAo ane kacchI bhASAmAM nATako paNa lakhyAM. bhUtakALanA gauravanA gAyaka vartamAnanI pukArane bhUlI zakyA nathI. gAMdhIjI ane dayAnaMda sarasvatI para kalama calAvI che to harijanonA uddhArane AlekhatI 'harijana batrIsI " paNa kacchI bhASAmAM lakhI che. mulAyama dilanA A sAhityapremIe potAnI jIvanayAtrAno AraMbha muMdrAnI 257 ] * lokasAhityano Azaka * sarakArI zALAmAM madadanIza zikSaka tarIke karyo. nAgapuramAM emanA bhAIe traNa dukAno karI ane teo dulerAyane zikSakano dhaMdho choDAvI vepArI banAvavA nAgapura kheMcI lAgyA. paraMtu kavitA ane vyApArano meLa kyAMthI bese ? cha mahinAmAM nAgapuranI itavArI bajAranI dukAnane salAma karI vaLI pAchA dulerAya kArANI potAnI zikSakanI jagAe AvI gayA. thoDA samaya bAda nAgapuranI vepArI peDhI AphatamAM AvI. enuM daseka hajAra rUpiyAnuM karaja bharavAnuM dulerAya kArANIne mAthe AvyuM. kavijIvane A karaja parezAna karavA lAgyuM. ghareNAM ane dAgInA vecI nAkhyAM. mana vyathita banI gayuM. e mAnasika vyathAmAMthI ekAeka kavitA janmI ! pariNAme kacchI sAhityano khajAno emane hAtha lAgyo. saMvata 1996nA bhayaMkara duSkALe kaccha-saurASTra ne gujarAta para jIvaleNa ghero ghAlyo hato. motanA mukhamAM khaDakAtA kacchanA pazudhananAM bhISaNa dRzya joIne A kavihRdaya sAda pADI UThayuM - hADakAM kerAM pIMjarAM e to UThI UbhAM nava thAya, gIdhaDAM bhUkhyAM gAya garIbaDI, jIvatAM phADI khAya; AMkho enI kAgaDA kADhe, parANe svarge pahoMcADe, cha suDe chetarI mAya, dohe lA dina dekhADacA, mAMDavI tAlukAnA guMdiyALI gAmamAM rahetA dulerAya kArANIne maratI gAyone bacAvavAnI azaktie vivaLa karI dIdhA. emanAM patnI roja pAMca mAIla dUra AvelA mAMDavI jAya ane mAthA para gAyo mATe khANa-bheMsAnI bhArI lAve. kavijIe to dUdha, dahIM, ghI ane mAkhaNa nahIM khAvAno nirNaya karyo hato. gharanI gAyone jivADI to kharI, paNa enA gharanI mUDI hatI te sApha thaI gaI. paraMtu AvA dohyalA divaso daramyAna kArANIe 'gAMdhIbAvanI' ane 'dayAnaMda bAvanInI racanA karI ! kazAya TekA vagara ke koInA ya pIThabaLa vagara ekalA hAthe aTUlA kacchanA itihAsane khojavAnuM, lokasAhityane zodhavAnuM ane kacchI bhASA tathA kacchI kavitAne cetanavaMta karavAnuM dohyaluM kAma dulerAya kArANIe karyuM. 1989nI 26mI phebruArIe 'kacchanA meghANI' tarIke sukhyAta dulerAya kArANI avasAna pAmyA. 0 rapa8 ]

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jJAnopAsaka ane jIvanasAdhaka prajJAcakSu paMDita varya zrI sukhalAlajI saMghavInuM jIvana ane kArya eTale aMdhapaNAnI lAcArI sAme puruSArthanA, musIbatonI sAme AtmavizvAsanA ane virodhanA jhaMjhAvAtanI sAme dRDha manobaLanA prazAMta vijayanI amara zauryakathA. e mUka vijayanAM emanAM ahiMsaka astra-zastro hatAM, sphaTika samuM niSkalaMka zIla; marmagrAhI, sarvagrAhI ane sAragrAhI prajJA; satyane jIvI jANavAnI samarpaNabhAvano; kaparAmAM kaparA saMjogomAM paNa dInatAnA bhoga nahIM banavAnI aNanama vRtti ane game tevI moTI javAbadArI ke Apatti AvI paDe tyAre ya palAyanapIchehaTha karavAne badale, ene vadhAvI levAnI AMtarika asIma tAkAta. paNa Avo vijaya meLavavAnI pAchaLa ane AvAM amogha ane anokhAM astra-zastronI siddhi meLavavA mATe emaNe jIvanabhara satata jAgRtipUrvaka, kevuM kaparuM, jJAnatA ane caritratapa karyuM hatuM ! raNazUrA yoddhAnI jema teo, A mATe , AjIvana jhajhUmatA ja rahyA hatA, ane potAnI 98 varSa jeTalI suvistRta jiMdagIne kRtArthatAnuM amRtapAna karAvIne mahAyAtrAe saMcarI gayA ! 0 rapa9 ] * jJAnopAsaka ane jIvanasAdhaka * e mahApuruSanI thoDIka jIvanakathA jANIe. saurASTranA jhAlAvADa jillAnuM nAnuM sarakhuM lImalI gAma teonuM vatana. pitAnuM nAma saMghajIbhAI. jaina kuTuMbamAM tA. 8-12-1880nA roja emano janma. kumAra avasthA pUrI thaI ane yauvananuM paroDha khIlavA lAgyuM. sukhalAle potAnA gAmanI nizALamAM sAta dhoraNano abhyAsa pUro karyo ane 14-15 varSanI uMmare vANiyAno dIkaro dukAne besIne vepAra-vaNajamAM potAnI akkala ane hoziyArIno upayoga karavA lAgyo. enA hAthamAM evI yazarekhA aMkita thayelI hatI ke, e je kAma hAtha dhare emAM enA pAsA pobAra thatA ! emanuM sagapaNe paNa A arasAmAM thaI gayuM hatuM. ane have to lagnanI vAto paNa thavA lAgI hatI. tyAre 1pa-16 varSanI uMmara lagna mATe paripakva vaya lekhAtI. paNa kudaratano saMketa kaMIka judo ja hato. Avo khamIradAra tejasvI ane cetanavaMta yuvAna ekAda kuTuMba, gAma ke jillAnuM dhana banI rahe e jANe kudaratane maMjUra na hatuM. soLa varSanI umare sukhalAlane baLiyAno bhayaMkara upadrava thaI Avyo. e upadrava emanA mATe jIvaleNa to na banyo, paNa eNe emanI AMkhonA prakAzano sadAne mATe bhoga laI lIdho ! kuTuMbanI badhI AzAo asta thaI gaI ane e samaye to sukhalAlane paNa potAnuM jIvana hatAza, lAcAra ane aMdhakAragheryuM banI gayeluM lAgyuM. AvI asAdhAraNa Apatti vakhate aMtara sAthe ekarUpa banela hIra sukhalAlanI sahAye AvyuM ane thoDAka mahinAomAM ja A mahAna AghAtanI emane kaLA vaLI gaI. ane eka maMgaLa coghaDiye sukhalAle potAnuM jIvana sarva kalyANakArI mAtA sarasvatInI upAsanA mATe samarpita karavAno daDha saMkalpa karyo. A zubha saMkalpano ja e pratApa hato ke sukhalAlajI lImalI, jhAlAvADa, saurASTra, gujarAtanA maTIne bhAratanI eka virala vidyAvibhUti tarIkenuM gaurava pAmyA, ane bhAratIya vidyA ane bhAratIya darzanonI vividha zAkhAonA nipuNa ane adhikRta paMDita tarIke emanI khyAti videzamAM paNa vistarI. AMkhonuM teja khoyA pachI sukhalAle potAnA gAmamAM AvatAM sAdhu-saMto ane mahAsatIo pAsethI khUba khaMta, utsAha ane rasapUrvaka dharmazAstronI jANakArI ] 260 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * meLavavA mAMDI, emanI smaraNazakti eTalI teja hatI ke je kaMI jANavA maLatuM te jANe sadAne mATe hRdayamAM saMgharAI jatuM ! chaeka varSa sArI rIte pasAra thayAM enI sAthe sAthe emanI tattvajijJAsA vadhu ne vadhu tIvra thatI gaI. ene saMtoSavA teo thoDoka vakhata mahesANAmAM rahyA ane, pachI to, bhAratanA vikhyAta dhAma cheka kAzI sudhI jaI pahoMcyA. ane eTalAthI saMtoSa na thayo to pahoMcI gayA himAcala pradezanA darabhaMgA vagere sthAnomAM. AMkhonA prakAzanA avarodhanI ane Arthika agavaDanIya avagaNanA karIne AvA lAMbA lAMbA pravAso kheDavAnuM sAhasa karanAra paMDitajInI jJAnapipAsA keTalI utkaTa haze eno jAte A bolato purAvo ja che ! AmAMthI paMDita sukhalAlajI jevI vibhUtinI bhAratane prApti thaI hatI ema kahevuM joIe. pachI to paMDitajIe gujarAta vidyApITha, zAMtiniketana, banArasa hiMdu yunivarsiTI, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, gujarAta vidyAsabhA jevI nAmAMkti saMsthAomAM rahIne adhyApana-saMzodhananuM kAma karyuM. aneka prAcIna kaThina graMthonuM saMpAdanasaMzodhana tathA bhASAMtara karyuM, keTalAMka svataMtra pustako lakhyAM tathA aneka vidvAno paNa taiyAra karyA. A to paMDitajInI ativirala vidyAsiddhinI thoDIka vAta thaI paNa emanA virATa ane vizeSa kalyANakara vyaktitvanAM yathArtha darzana to emanI vyApaka ane AtmalakSI jIvanasAdhanAmAM thAya che. emanA nikaTanA paricayamAM AvanArane kyAreka evo madhura savAla thaI Avavo svAbhAvika hato ke teonI jJAnopAsanA vadhe ke jIvanasAdhanA ? paMDitajInI prajJA eTalI vyApaka ane sarvasparzI hatI ke teo dharma, samAja ane rASTranA jIvana sAthe temaja zikSaNa, sAhitya ke saMskRtinAM kSetra sAthe saMkaLAyela badhI bAbatonuM mahattva pichAnI zakatA hatA, mUlyAMkana karI zakatA hatA ane pragatirodhaka tattvone pArakhI jaIne enI sAme jAgrata rahevAnuM samAjane nirbhayapaNe kahetA rahetA hatA. Ama karavA jatAM kyAreka janasamUhanI itarAjI ke kanaDagata veThavAno vakhata Avato to paNa teo jarAya vicalita thayA vagara, potAnAM siddhAMta ane kAryane makkamatApUrvaka vaLagI rahetA hatA. * jJAnopAsake ane jIvanasAdhaka * A dRSTie teo mahAtmA gAMdhIjInA jIvana ane kAryathI khuba prabhAvita thayA hatA. eTaluM ja nahIM, enA lIdhe paMDitajInI dIna-duHkhI janatAnA kalyANanI bhAvanA tathA rASTrIyatA dRDha banI hatI ane racanAtmaka kArya ane vicAranuM mahattva teo vizeSa rUpe samajI zakyA hatA. sAthe sAthe gAMdhIjI paNa paMDitajInI satyaparAyaNa ane sevAparAyaNa vidvattAnuM mahattva samajI zakyA hatA. ane tethI ja teoe gujarAta vidyApIThamAM paMDitajInI darzanonA adhyApaka tarIke nimaNuka karI hatI. paMDitajInI AvI ucca koTInI ane Adarza jIvanasAdhanAne samajavAno namra prayAsa karIe. ema lAge che ke aMdhapaNAnA avarodhanI sAme jhajhUmIne jIvana vikAsanA navA navA sImADA sara karavAnuM baLa je vidyAprItie paMDitajIne pUruM pADyuM hatuM, e vidyAsAdhanA karatAM karatAM teone satyano mahimAM vadhu ne vadhu samajAto gayo haze ane kyAreka kyAreka satyane pAmyAnI apUrva AnaMda-anubhUti paNa teone thaI haze. pariNAme satyanI zodhanI jhaMkhanA, satyano game te bhoge svIkAra karavAnI tatparatA ane satyane jIvI jANavAnI tAlAvelI emanAmAM uttarottara vadhu ne vadhu sakriya thatI gaI. Ane lIdhe teo kevaLa dharmazAstronA niSNAta paMDita banavA uparAMta dharmamaya AcaraNathI potAnAM jIvana ane vyavahArane nirmaLa, nikhAlasa ane pramANika banAvavAno puruSArtha karanAra sAcA paMDita tarIkenuM gaurava pAmyo hato. A rIte teonuM jIvana satya ane dharmanI jIvaMta bhAvanAthI vizeSa unnata ane punita banyuM hatuM. paNa satyanI AvI ArAdhanA karavI e kaMI sahelI vAta nathI. e kAma to talavAranI dhAra upara cAlavA jevuM kaparuM che. e mATe keTalIya jUnI nakAmI rUDhe mAnyatAo ane pravRttione tajI devAnI ane lokopakAraka ane pragatipreraka navI vicArasaraNI ane kAryavAhIne AvakAravAnI sAdhake taiyArI rAkhavI joIe. ane A kAma tyAre ja thaI zake jyAre sAdhakanA hRdayamAM samatA, sahanazIlatA ane samanvayaSTinuM gajavela bhareluM hoya, paMDitajInuM jIvana kahe che ke teo A badhI kasoTIe satyanA sAcA upAsaka puravAra thayA hatA. ane asatya, adharma, anAcAra, atyAcAra ke anItinI sAme emaNe kyAreya namatuM toLyuM na hatuM ke 0 212 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * aniSTa vicAra ke kArya sAthe kyAreya samAdhAna karyuM na hatuM. A rIte teoe eka sAcA AtmasAdhaka dharmAtmA jevuM satata jAgrata ane apramatta jIvana jIvI batAvyuM hatuM, ane syAdvAda ke anekAMtavAdanuM racanAtmaka rUpa kevuM hoI zake enuM uttama udAharaNa pUruM pADyuM hatuM. - paMDitanI AvI jIvanasparzI dharmaparAyaNatA, emanA vizva sAthenA vyavahAramAM, ahiMsA, karuNA ane vAtsalya - e traNe rUpe jovA maLatI hatI. mAnava mAtranI samAnatA, na koI UMca ke na koI nIca, strI-puruSonI samAnatA, aMdhapaNA jevI parAdhIna sthitimAM paNa bIjAnI ochAmAM ochI sahAya levI paDe ane bIjAne ochAmAM ochI takalIpha ApavI paDe e rIte khumArIbharyuM jIvana jIvavAnI kaLA vagere dvArA teoe ahiMsAnI bhAvanAne jIvI batAvI hatI. paMDitajInI karuNAnI vAta karIe to dIna-duHkhiyArI bahenone sukhI ane pagabhara banAvavA mATe, asahAya vidyArthIonA zikSaNa ane rakSaNa mATe temaja anya saMkaTagrasta vyaktionA saMkaTanivAraNa mATe teo potAnI maryAdita AvakamAMthI paNa avAranavAra, sAva guptapaNe sahAya ApatA rahetA hatA. temaja AvI baheno tathA vidyArthIo sArI rIte AgaLa vadhe e mATe hamezAM salAha ane mArgadarzana ApyA karatA hatA. AvI sahAya ApavA jatAM potAnI ochAmAM ochI jarUriyAta upara paNa kApa mUkatAM teo saMkoca anubhavatA nahIM. karakasara e to paMDitajIno sahaja guNa hato, ane jarUra lAge tyAre potAnA mATe kharca karavAmAM teo lobha paNa karatA, paNa potAnA paricArako ane sAthIonI saMbhALa rAkhavA mATe pUrI udAratA dAkhavatA. vaLI jANyeajANe potAthI koInuM dila dubhAI na jAya enI satata sAvacetI rAkhatA ane jyAre paNa AvI bhUla thaI gayAno emane khyAla Avato tyAre mAphI mAgavAmAM nAnapa na mAnatA. vAtsalyano to paMDitajI jANe vizALa vaDalo ja hatA. nAnuM-moTuM je koI emanI pAse jatuM ane teo heta-prItathI AvakAratA ane evI mamato darzAvatA ke jethI sAmI vyaktinA aMtaranAM kamADa ApoApa UghaDI jatAM ane AzvAsananuM amUlya bhAtuM jANe ene maLI jatuM. 3 233 ] * jJAnopAsake ane jIvanasAdhaka * jIvana sAthe ekarUpa banelAM ahiMsA, karuNA ane vAtsalyane lIdhe paMDitajI keTalI badhI vyaktionA hRdayamAM zirachatra, vaDIla ke pitA jevuM AdarabhaktibharyuM sthAna meLavI zakyA hatA. anyAya, adharma ke atyAcAra sAmeno emano puNyaprakopa jANIto hato, chatAM e prakopa rAga-dveSa ke krodha-klezano poSaka na bane enI teo satata sAvacetI rAkhatA. vaLI niMdA ane khuzAmata jevA durguNothI satyanuM vrata khaMDita thayA vagara nathI rahetuM, e teo barAbara samajatA hatA ane ethI sadA aLagA ja rahetA hatA. mana, vacana ane kAyAnI vRttio ane pravRttiomAM ekarUpatA ane mulAyamatA sAdhIne paMDitajIe potAnI vidvattA ane dharmazIlatAne vizeSa caritArtha karI hatI ane jIvanamAM buddhi ane hRdayano arthAt tarka ane sadbhAvanAno samAna vikAsa sAdhI jANyo hato. saMsArane asAra gaNIne enI nirarthaka vagovaNI karavAnuM emane bilakula pasaMda na hatuM. anAsakti ke nirmohavRtti keLavI jANIe to saMsAramAMthI sAra jarUra pAmI zakIe, kAraNa ke jIvanane amRtamaya banAvavAno puruSArtha saMsAramAM rahIne ja thaI zake che. vaLI AvA moTA jJAnopAsaka ane jIvanasAdhaka puruSa je vyavahAradakSatA ane kAryasUjha dharAvatA hatA te kharekhara, ativirala, AzcaryakAraka ane emanA pratyenA AdarabhAvamAM vadhAro kare evI hatI. AMkhonA aMdhakAra upara jJAnanI jyotithI vijaya meLavIne aMtarane prakAzamaya ane AtmamaMthana dvArA jIvanane amRtamaya banAvavAno parama puruSArtha karIne potAnA jIvatarane kRtArtha karyuM hatuM. 1 264 ]

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25 lIlIchama kALo varSo vItyA chatAM kizoravaye mANelI e DAyarAnI kSaNo cittamAM Aje ya eTalI ja jIvaMta ane lIlIchama che. amadAvAdanA pAnakora nAkA pAse 'zAradA mudraNAlaya'mAM A DAyaro yojAto. emAM 'dhUmaketu'no vinoda sAMbhaLavA maLe, guNavaMtarAya AcArya vipula anubhavanidhimAMthI jAtajAtanI romAMcapUrNa kathAo malAvIne kahetA hoya. 'jayabhikhkhu' gvAliyara pAsenA zivapurInAM jaMgalomAM vitAvelA pUrvajIvananI ghaTanA varNavatA hoya. citrakAra kanu desAI calacitra jagatanI koI preraka, rasabharI vAta karatA hoya. DaoN. dhIrubhAI ThAkara sAhityanI koI ghaTanA ke vAta varNavatA hoya. manubhAI jodhANI ane gUrjara graMtharatna kAryAlayanA goviMdabhAI ane zaMbhubhAInI saumya, vidyApriya upasthiti hoya. DAyarAnuM saMcAlana 'jayabhikhkhu' kare. A DAyarAmAM AvavAno sahu koIne adhikAra caMdravilAsano nAsto Ave ane sAthe cA-ukALo 'miksa' badhAne pIvA maLe. A DAyarAmAM be bAbata sAva nokhI tarI Ave. ahIM sahu potapotAnI vAta kare, paNa anyanI kazI TIkA-TippaNa nahIM. sAhitya vize mokaLe mane vAta thAya, D 265 D * lIlIchama kSaNo paNa sarjako pratyenA rAgadveSane koI sthAna nahIM. bIjI bAbata e ke sahajabhAve ekabIjAne madada kare ke hUMpha Ape, paNa ekatrita thaIne koI sAhityika jUtha UbhuM karavAno Azaya nahIM. nirvyAja snehathI mana bharIne maLavuM ane bhinna bhinna vAto e ja mukhya uddeza. DAyarAmAM beThelA guNavaMtarAya AcAryanI chabI jovA jevI. cAno bIjo ke trIjo kapa pItA hoya, kahe ke tamAre cA kapamAM joIe, mAre tapelAmAM joIe. bIDIno saTa lagAvatA hoya ane emanA vipula anubhava-bhaMDAramAMthI eka-eka kathA nIkaLatI hoya. e itihAsakathA hoya, rajavADAnuM koI dRSTAMta hoya ke dariyAmAM doTa mUkanAranI sAhasagAthA hoya. emano paDachaMda deha judo tarI Ave ane jussAdAra avAja DAyarA para chavAI jato. lAMbI lAMbI AMgaLIo para vIMTI camakatI hoya. vAta jamAve tyAre cUTakI bajAvatA jAya. AvA guNavaMtarAya AcArye keTalAya jIvanasaMgharSo jhIlyA, paraMtu A alagArI sarjakone jIvanasaMgharSono kazo thAka ke Arthika ciMtAno kazo boja jaNAto nahIM. sAhityarasiko pAsethI sAMpaDatI apAra cAhanAnA gaLADUba AnaMdasukhamAM magna rahetA ane lekhananA dhodhanI mastImAM vyavahAra-jIvananAM duHkho kadI avarodharUpa banatA nahIM. hakIkatamAM e mardanI jema jIvatA ane jIvananI e mardAnagImAM bhaLato utsAha anerA raMge emanAM sarjanomAM dhabakAra leto. garIbI ane daridratA vacce moTo bheda che. A sarjako saheje daridra nahotA. mAna, sanmAnano koI abharakho emane sparzato nahIM. nijAnaMdamAM masta rahevuM e ja jIvana. dariyAmAM sAhasa karanArane jema sAgara-sAhaso duHkhamaya lAgatA nathI, tema masta ane alagArI sarjaka guNavaMtarAya AcAryane jotAM ke sAMbhaLatAM koI duHkhI ke ciMtAgrasta vyaktino nahIM, balke koI jiMdAdila sarjakano satata anubhava thato. AvA nijAnaMdamAM masta guNavaMtarAya AcAryano janma soraTha prAMtanA jetalasara(kaeNmpa)mAM I. sa. 1900nA sapTembara mAsanI navamI tArIkhe thayo hato. temanA mAtAnuM nAma jamanAbAI hatuM. teo vaDanagarA nAgara hatA. temanA pitA popaTabhAI AcArye ghaNI garIba sthitimAMthI svAzraye abhyAsa karIne rasoiyAnI nokarI karatAM-karatAM vakIlAtanI parIkSA pasAra karI hatI. -216]

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* zabdasamIpa * teo morabI rAjyamAM nyAyAdhIza tarIke nimAyela ane tyArapachI mAMgaroLa, jUnAgaDha, porabaMdara, jAmanagara vagere sthaLoe polIsa-uparI tarIke nokarI karI. AvA samayamAM ane khAsa karIne bahAravaTiyAo sAthenA dhIMgANAnA samayamAM emanA pitAne vAraMvAra gocara-agocara sthaLoe rAtavAso karavA paDatA, tyAre rAtrI samaye mIro, vAghero, bAroTo AvIne emanI pAse AvIne vArtAo kahetA. guNavaMtarAya AvA haMgAmAmAM pitA sAthe bALapaNathI ja pharatA. aitihAsika vArtAo ane dariyAI kathAo sAthe emane A rIte prathama paricaya ane prema thayo. pitAnA avasAna pachI pitAnI uttarakriyAnA saMbaMdhe matabheda thatAM sattara varSanI vaye ghara choDIne nIkaLI gayA. muMbaImAM phUTapAtho para ghUmI-ghUmIne paNa abhyAsa cAlu rAkhyo, paraMtu kamAvAnI javAbadArIne kAraNe inTaramAMthI abhyAsa adhUro choDavo paDyo. muMbaInA akhabArI jagate A yuvAnamAM tejasvitA joI. nokarI to pUpharIDaranI maLI, paraMtu dhIre dhIre kalama calAvavA mAMDI. rANapurathI pragaTa thatA 'saurASTra' patranA taMtrI zrI amRtalAla zeThe rajavADAM sAme jehAda AdarI hatI. guNavaMtarAya AcArya 'saurASTra'nA lekhakamaMDaLamAM joDAyA ane dIrgha samayaparyata tyAM kAma karyuM. A 'saurASTra' patre ghaNI taDakIchAMyaDI joI. guNavaMtarAya AcArya enA sAkSI banyA. "rozanI' ane 'phUlachAba' jevAM patromAM saMcAlanakArya paNa karyuM. urdU ane hiMdI bhASAnA niSNAta evA kaMDalAnivAsI zrI maNizaMkara zAmajI trivedIe guNavaMtarAya AcAryane lekhanapravRtti tarapha doryA. e pachI 'bahurUpI nA taMtrI caMdulAla jeThAlAla vyAsano meLApa thayo. rANapuramAM zeThanA DahelAmAMthI 'bahurUpI' sAptAhika pragaTa thatuM. e samaye enI ardhA lAkha nakala vecAtI hatI. emAM guNavaMtarAya AcAryanI rahasyakathAe vAcako para aneruM kAmaNa karyuM hatuM. e rahasyakathAmAM bAhoza DiTekTiva vakIla citragupta enI 'sapheda parI' moTara laIne marinaDrAiva parathI pasAra thato - evuM Alekhana AvatuM. A rahasyakathAne eTalI badhI lokacAhanA maLelI ke koIne koI vAcako marinaDrAiva para jaIne enA rastA parathI 'sapheda parI' nIkaLe enI rAha jotA, caMdulAla vyAsane vipula sarjana kare evA lekhakanI jarUra hatI ane nasIbajoge * lIlIchama kSaNo : guNavaMtarAya AcArya maLI gayA. A caMdulAla vyAse lokaprakAzana limiTeDanA patra 'prajAbaMdhu'nA taMtrI zrI cunIlAla vardhamAna zAha sAthe guNavaMtarAya AcAryano meLApa karI Apyo. e samaye 'prajAbaMdhu'nA vAcakone bheTapustaka ApavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. cunIlAla vardhamAna zAhe A navodita lekhakane bheTapustaka lakhavA kahyuM. guNavaMtarAya AcArye 'prajAbaMdhu' taraphathI "pIramano pAdazAha" nAmanuM paheluM bheTapustaka lakhyuM. e ja "prajAbaMdhu'nA bheTapustaka tarIke emaNe lakhelI 'dariyAlAla' navalakathAe guNavaMtarAya AcAryane uttama navalakathAkAranI khyAti sAthe raNajitarAma suvarNacaMdraka apAvyo. guNavaMtarAya AcAryanI kalama saDasaDATa vaNathaMbhI cAlatI. eka vAra eka rAtamAM AkhuM pustaka lakhI nAkheluM. 1937nA varSamAM eka rAte dasa vAge kalama laIne beThA ane 'korI kitAba' nAmanI 256 pAnAMnI sAmAjika navalakathA lakhI nAkhI. te khuba jhaDapathI lakhI zakatA. traNa traNa kampojhiTara UbhA UbhA bIbAM goThavatA hoya ane bAjunA Tebala para guNavaMtarAya lakhIlakhIne pAnAM ApatA hoya. kyAreka to kampojhiTara ane lekhakanI harIphAI jovA maLatI. A lekhake kampojhiTarane harIphAImAM pAchA pADI detA. emanA tvarita lekhana aMge eka rasaprada kisso yAda Ave che. rAjakoTathI eka bhAIe sAptAhika prakAzita karavAnuM nakkI karyuM. A aMge guNavaMtarAya AcAryane maLavA AvyA ane emanA sAtha-sahayoganI mAgaNI karI. guNavaMtarAye kahyuM ke tamane jarU2 protsAhana ApIza. taMtrIe kahyuM ke jo ApanI navalakathA maLe to mArA sAptAhikane prAraMbhe ja ghaNI lokacAhanA sAMpaDe. guNavaMtarAya A vAtano svIkAra karyo. thoDA divasa bAda e taMtrI guNavaMtarAyane maLavA muMbaI AvyA ane kahyuM ke sAptAhikanI badhI ja sAmagrI taiyAra thaI gaI che. mAtra ApanI navalakathAnA prakaraNanI rAha jovAya che. guNavaMtarAya AcAryane ApeluM vacana yAda AvyuM. emaNe taMtrIzrIne kahyuM, 'tame jarA cA-nAsto karo, eTalI vAramAM huM AvuM chuM.' thoDI vAramAM guNavaMtarAya pAchA AvyA ane hAthamAM navalakathAnuM paheluM prakaraNa hatuM. vaccenA samayagALAmAM emaNe e lakhI nAMkhyuM ! kahyuM ke "A tuM laI jA. bIjuM meTara pachI mokalIza." e samaye 'gujarAta samAcAramAM dhArAvAhI navalakathAmAM be lekhako vizeSa cAhanA pAmyo hato : guNavaMtarAya AcArya ane zivakumAra jozI, eka lekhakanI navalakathA pUrNa thAya, eTale tarata ja bIjA lekhakanI dhArAvAhI navalakathAno prAraMbha thato.

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* zabdasamIpa * guNavaMtarAya AcArye rANapuramAM husenaalI vorA nAmanA prakAzakane 'soraThI samazera" nAmanI navalakathA lakhIne ApI. A emanI pahelI navalakathA hatI. e samaye emane mukhyatve itihAsa para vizeSa ruci hatI hatI. dariyAI zreNI ane vijayanagara zreNI emanI prakhyAta navalakathAo. A uparAMta sAmAjika navalakathAo, rahasyakathAo, navalikAsaMgraho, caritro, bALasAhitya ane nATako paNa temaNe lakhyAM che. 'dariyAI sAhasa zreNI' ane 'allAbelI' nATaka e guNavaMtarAyanuM gujarAtI sAhityane ciraMtana arpaNa. vegavaMta ane prANavAna navalakathAonA A lekhaka pravAhI ane baliSTha gadyazailIne kAraNe sAhityarasikonA hRdayamAM sadAne mATe sthAna pAmyA che. potAnA dilamAM dariyAdilI rAkhIne teo jiMdAdilIbharyuM jIvana jIvyA. vANI ke vartanamAM kyAMya dveSa jovA na maLe. utsAhano phuvAro ane aneka dezIya bahuzrutatA dharAvanArA akhUTa jharA jevA hatA. guNavaMtarAya AcArya sAthe eka vAra kaeNmerA vize vAta nIkaLI. kaeNmerA kaI kaI jAtanA, enA kayA bhAga banAvavA muzkela - jevI bAbata para emaNe ardho kalAka sudhI vigato ApI. emanI vigata rajU karavAnI zailI evI ke zrotA saheje khase nahIM. koI paNa samakAlIna banAva mATenuM yogya dRSTAMta emanI pAse hAjarAhajUra rahetuM. vaLI kathanazailI evI tAjagIbharI ke zrotA samaya ane sthaLa bhUlI jatA. sAhitya ane patrakAratvanA kSetre emaNe niSkAma puruSArtha karyo. vivecako ke carcAkAronI paravA karyA vinA potAne priya lAge tevuM sAhitya te sarjatA rahyA hatA. sabhA ane maMDaLothI guNavaMtarAya AcArya dUra rahetA. mAna-sanmAnanI bahu cAhanA nahIM. 1947nI bIjI mArce amadAvAdamAM emane raNajitarAma suvarNacaMdraka maLyo tyAre temaNe AtmaprazaMsA ke lekhananI kephiyata rajU karavAne badale zUravIranA khamIranI ane svAtaMtranI vAto karI hatI. jIvananI vipadA sAme emaNe kadI phariyAda karI nathI ane potAnA sAhityanI samIkSA thAya te mATe kadI koIne kazuM sUcana karyuM nathI. gujarAtI sAhityanA samartha sarjaka 'dhUmaketunuM avasAna thatAM emanI guptayuganI navalanagraMthAvalimAM 'dhruvadevI' navalakathA apUrNa rahI. guNavaMtarAya potAnA mitranI e navalakathAnuM adhUruM pustaka pUrNa karavAnI vAta karI. 199panI In 269 ] * lIlIchama kSaNo * cothI DisembarathI 'dhruvadevI'nAM bAkInAM prakaraNo maLatAM raheze evo guNavaMtarAya vAyado Apyo. paNa e vAyado ja rahyo ! temane ociMtuM AgamanuM teDuM AvyuM. chelle chelle eka brAhmaNanI adAthI patnI nIlAbahena sAthe badrikedAranI yAtrA karIne AvyA hatA, enA himakhaMDonI vAta emaNe karI hatI. temaNe lakhelAM keTalAMka nATako bhajavAyAM ane enuM philmarUpAMtara paNa thayuM. emanI eka navalakathA parathI taiyAra thayelI philma khUba prasiddhi pAmI, paNa e philma-nirmAtAe A kathAnakano upayoga karavA mATe guNavaMtarAya AcAryanI maMjUrI sudhdhAM mAgI na hatI. philmakSetramAM paNa lekhaka tarIke emaNe sArI evI nAmanA meLavI hatI. guNavaMtarAye 1965nI 24mI navembara budhavAre savAre 'gujarAta samAcAra'nA ravivAranA aMka mATe 'dharAgurjarI" kaoNlama lakhyuM. emAM vAcALa zrotAo aMgenI vartamAna paristhiti para TIkA karatAM lakhyuM, bhASaNakhorono yuga pUro thayo che. have to vyavahAradakSatAno yuga besavo joIe...... paMkhIonI duniyAmAM vAcALamAM vAcALa prANI popaTa che ne kamajoramAM kamajora UDI zakanAruM prANI paNa e ja che." e divase sAMje sAteka vAgye guNavaMtarAya AcArye emanI navalakathA 'saramata saMghAra'nuM chelluM prakaraNa pUrNa karyuM. navalakathA pUrNa thatAM emaNe emanAM patnI nIlAbahenane kahyuM, nIlu, A pustaka tane arpaNa karavAnI icchA hatI, paNa atyAra sudhImAM tane ghaNAM pustako arpaNa karyA che ane A pustaka mAbhomanI rakSA karI rahelA naravIra javAnone arpaNa karavAnuM che !" Ama patnInI saMmatithI chelluM pustaka bhAratIya javAnone arpaNa karyuM. jemanA sAhityanA zabdezabdamAM khamIranAM darzana thatAM hoya, te vidAyaveLAe khamIranuM ja smaraNa kare ne ! 1 270

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virala vidyApuruSa paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyAne jIvananA prAraMbhakALe apAra saMkaTo veThavA paDyA. eka samaye sAta varSa sudhI anAthAzramamAM rahevuM paDyuM. paraMtu A AkarI vidyAsAdhanAe vidyArthI dalasukhabhAIne vidvAna banAvyA. A abhyAsakALa daramiyAna ja, 1932mAM bAvIsa varSanI uMmare dalasukhabhAInAM lagna dhrAMgadhrAnAM zrImatI mathurAbahena (mathurAgaurI) sAthe thaI cUkyAM hatAM. eTale have potAnI manamoja khAtara vadhu abhyAsamAM samaya vitAvato e pharajanI upekSA karavA jevuM ke manovilAsamAM rAcavA jevuM hatuM. have to kamANI e ja mukhya dhyeya banAvavAnI jarUra hatI eTale TreniMga kaoNlejanA niyama pramANe, mAsika rU. 4)nA pagArathI sthAnakavAsI jaina kaoNnpharansanA mukhapatra "jaina-prakAza''nI oNphisamAM muMbaImAM zrI dalasukhabhAI nokarImAM joDAI gayA. emanuM lagnajIvana sAduM ane sukhI hatuM. mathurAbahena paNa dalasukhabhAInI jema zAMta svabhAvanA, sAdAM, ekAMtapriya ane ochAbolAM hatAM. kamanasIbe emane DAyAbITisano vyAdhi lAgu paDyo ane I. sa. 1965nA * virala vidyApuruSa * jAnyuArInI 24mI tArIkhe muMbaImAM emanuM akALa avasAna thayuM ! zrI dalasukhabhAInA sukhI jIvana upara A eka prakArano vajaghAta hato ! garavI, zAMta ane svastha prakRtinA zrI dalasukhabhAI A asAdhAraNa Apattine zAMti, svasthatA ane samabhAvapUrvaka baradAsta karI. eno chUpo jakhama emanA aMtara upara kevo ghero paDyo hato, te emanI eka prasaMge vahelI mitAkSarI dardabharI vANImAM jovA maLe che. mathurAbahenanA avasAna pachI ekAda varSe dalasukhabhAInuM ''Agama yugakA jainadarzana'' nAme pustaka AgrAnA sanmati jJAnapITha taraphathI pragaTa thayuM hatuM. e pustaka mathurAbahenane arpaNa karatAM emaNe koI karuNa rasanA kavinI jema lakhyuM cheH ''priya patnI mathurA gaurIkI, jinhoMne liyA kucha nahIM, diyA hI diyA hai.' 'jainaprakAza''nA cAlIsa rUpiyA uparAMta be TyUzano karIne bIjA cAlIsa rUpiyA teo raLI letA. soMghavArInA e samayamAM ATalI kamANI sArI gaNAtI. paNa ahIM moTe bhAge emane kArakunInuM kAma karavuM paDatuM, ane vidyApravRtti karavAno khAsa koI avasara na maLato. zikSaka tarIkenuM kAma karavAthI ke ""jainaprakAza' mATe ekAda lekha lakhavAthI emanA vidyAraMgI cittane saMtoSa vaLe ema na hatuM, eTale emanuM mana vidyAvRddhi tarapha dorI jAya evI koI managamatI pravRttio mATe jhaMkhyA karatuM hatuM. | dilanI adamya ane nirmaLa jhaMkhanAne kyAreka to saphaLatAno upAya maLI Ave che. dalasukhabhAIne A mATe vadhAre rAha jovI nA paDI. muMbaImAM, I. sa. 1934nA DisembaramAM, emano pUjya paMDita zrIsukhalAlajIno vizeSa paricaya thayo. paMDitajIe emanuM hIra pArakhI lIdhuM. prajJAcakSu paMDita sukhalAlajI e vakhate banArasa hiMdu yunivarsiTInI jaina ceranA adhyApaka hatA. emaNe dalasukhabhAIne potAnA vAcaka tarIke banArasa AvavA kahyuM. pagAra mAsika pAMtrIsa rUpiyA. ghara ane kuTuMba mATe paisAnI kaMI ochI jarUra na hatI, ane banArasa javAmAM to mahinAnA eMsI rUpiyAnI kamANI choDIne mAtra pAMtrIsa rUpiyAthI ja calAvavAnuM hatuM. paNa dalasukhabhAInuM dhyAna Arthika bhIMsamAM paNa dhana karatAM jJAna tarapha vizeSa kheMcAyeluM rahetuM. tethI emaNe paMDita sukhalAlajIno mAgaNI svIkArI lIdhI ane 1935nA phebruArImAM banArasa gayA. A nirNaya subhaga dizApalaTA jevo bhAre mahattvano nirNaya hato, ane emAM, dharatImAM chupAyelA bIjanI jema, vikAsagAmI bhavitavyatAno yoga chUpAyo hato. 271 ] 1 272 ]

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* * zabdasamIpa chatAM, Arthika dRSTie to, dalasukhabhAIne mATe e eka sAhasa ja hatuM. paMDita sukhalAlajInI mAnavIne ane khAsa karIne vidyAsAdhakane pArakhavAnI kasoTI bahu AkarI hatIH pUrvagraha, kadAgraha, sAMpradAyika kaTTaratA, pAMthika aMdhazraddhA ke buddhinI saMkucitatAthI jenuM mana gherAyeluM hoya, e to emanI pAse TakI ja na zake. emanI pAse rahenAre to kevaLa nirbheLa satyanA zodhaka ane khapI thaIne, kaTu ke aNagamatA satyano svIkAra karavA ane potAnA manamAM pavitrarUpe vasI gayelI mAnyatA paNa, jo e nirAdhAra hoya to, eno tyAga karavA taiyAra rahevuM joIe. zAstronA abhyAsa pAchaLa paNa junavANIpaNAnA samarthananI nahIM, paNa satyanI zodhanI ja dRSTi hovI joIe. paMDita dalasukhabhAI paMDita sukhalAlajInI e kasoTImAM soe so TakA pAra UtaryA. pachI to yogya gurune yogya ziSya maLe enA jevo bIjo koI lAbha nathI hoto. tarata ja paMDitajInI amIdraSTi dalasukhabhAI upara varasavA lAgI. teo paMDitajInA ziSya uparAMta mitra ane sAthI paNa banI gayA. pitAputranI jema banne snehataMtue baMdhAIne ekarasa banI gayA ! paMDita sukhalAlajI bhAratIya tattvajJAnanI cAvIrUpa keTalAka graMtho dalasukhabhAIne bhaNAvyA. zarUAtamAM to gharaAMgaNe paMDitajInA vAcaka tarIke kAma karavAnI sAthe sAthe teo adhyayana paNa karatA rahyA. tema ja paMDitanA vargono lAbha paNa letA rahyA. paNa pachI to, dalasukhabhAInI yogyatA joIne, paMDitajI emane potAnI vargo levAnI kAmagIrI soMpatA gayA tema ja potAnA graMtha-saMzodhananA kAmamAM paNa emano upayoga karavA lAgyA. paMDita sukhalAlajI potAnI jAta pUratA to bhAre karakasarathI kAma levA TevAyA hatA, paNa potAnA sAthIne koI jAtanI muzkelI na paDe e mATe teo pUrepUrA udAra hatA. dalasukhabhAInI arthaciMtA e emanI potAnI ciMtA banI gaI. banArasa gayA pachI thoDA ja vakhate, e ja varSanI unALAnI rajAomAM 'pramANamImAMsA'nA saMzodhana mATe paMDitajIne pUjya pravartaka zrI kAMtivijayajI tathA pUjya AgamaprabhAkara munivarya zrI puNyavijayajI pAse pATaNa javAnuM thayuM. dalasukhabhAI emanI sAthe ja hatA. samatA ane jJAnanA sAgara samA A munimahArAjo sAthe zrI dalasukhabhAIne navo paricaya thayo, je kAyamane mATe moTo lAbhakAraka banI rahyo. jaina ceranA adhyApaka tarIke paMDita sukhalAlajIne yunivarsiTI taraphathI mAsika Q 273] * * virala vidyApuruSa * doDhaso rUpiyAno pagAra maLato. bIjA prophesaronI sarakhAmaNImAM to A vetana ghaNuM ochuM hatuM ja. sAthe sAthe, paMDitajIne kAyamane mATe eka vAcaka rAkhavAnuM kharca paNa karavuM paDatuM hatuM, eTale, jarUriyAtanI dRSTie paNa, doDhaso rUpiyA jeTalI rakama ochI paDe evI hatI tethI kaoNnpharansanA zANA saMcAlakoe, dara mahine, bIjA doDhaso rUpiyA khAnagI rIte paMDitajIne ApavAnuM nakkI karyuM. paMDitajIe thoDAka mahinA to A rakama lIdhI. paNa pachI, teo ochAmAM ochI jarUriyAtathI nirvAha karavAne TevAyela hovAthI, emane lAgyuM ke e rakama vagara paNa kAma ThIka rIte cAlI zake ema che, eTale emaNe e rakama levI baMdha karI. paMDitajInI AvI nirlobhavRttithI dalasukhabhAI khUba prabhAvita thayA - jANe jIvanano eka bahumUlo pATha maLyo. banArasamAM paMDita dalasukhabhAIe paMDitajInI graMthasaMzodhanamAM asAdhAraNa sahAya karI, temaja svataMtra graMthasaMpAdana paNa karyuM. ucca koTInA vidvAnono paNa emane saMsarga thayo. A rIte vidyAvRddhimAM AgaLa vadhatAM vadhatAM, sane 1944mAM, paMDitajI nivRtta thayA tyAre, emane sthAne dalasukhabhAI jaina ceranA prophesara banyA. te vakhatanA upakulapati DaoN. rAdhAkRSNane dalasukhabhAI jevA yuvAna vidvAnane saharSa vadhAvI lIdhA. adhyApaka tarIke teo vidyArthIo ane saMzodhaka tarIke vidvAnomAM khUba prItipAtra banyA hatA. jApAnanA prophesara ane barmAnA bauddha bhikSuo paNa emanI vidvattAno lAbha levA AvatA, eTaluM ja nahIM, emanA saujanyasabhara talasparzI pAMDitye vayovRddha, jJAnavRddha ane adhikAravRddhone paNa eka prakAranuM kAmaNa karyuM hatuM. e sau emanI pAse vinA saMkoce AvatA ane saMtoSa pAmIne jatA. vidyAvRddhi mATe, dalasukhabhAIne to nAnA bALaka pAse javAmAM paNa saMkoca na hato. ane have to mAtA sarasvatInA A lADakavAyA upara lakSmIdevI paNa kRpA varasAvavA lAgyAM hatAM. ane chatAM dalasukhabhAInuM jIvana to evuM ja karakasarabharyuM, saraLa ane sAduM hatuM - ratnAkara sAgara kyAreya na chalakAya! zrI dalasukhabhAI banArasamAM hatA te daramyAna, pUjya puNyavijayajI mahArAjanI bhalAmaNa ane rASTrapati DaoN. rAjendrabAbunA prayAsathI I. sa. 1952mAM, prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTInI dilhImAM sthApanA thaI hatI. bIjI bAju AgamaprabhAkara . 274.

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* zabdasamIpa * pUjya puNyavijayajI mahArAjanI preraNA ane zeTha zrI kasturabhAI lAlabhAInI udAra sakhAvatathI, I. sa. 1957mAM amadAvAdamAM lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdiranI sthApanA thaI. zeTha zrI kasturabhAI prAkRta TekSa sosAyaTInA sthApanA samayathI ja enI kAryavAhaka samitimAM hatA. samaya jatAM zrI dalasukhabhAI prApta TesTa sosAyaTInA mAnada maMtrI banyA. te pachI sosAyaTInA kAma aMge emanI ane zeThazrI kasturabhAI vacce je patravyavahAra thayo ene lIdhe zrI kasturabhAI zeThanA mana upara, zrI dalasukhabhAInI vidvattA, niSThA ane kAryadakSatA saMbaMdhamAM, kaMIka evI chApa paDI ke emaNe zrI dalasukhabhAIne emanI A navI saMsthAnuM DirekTara pada saMbhALavA sUcavyuM. dalasukhabhAIe e sUcanano svIkAra karyo ane I. sa. 1959nA DisembaramAM lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdiranA DirekTara banIne teo amadAvAda AvyA. I. sa. 1976 sudhI, chellAM sattara varSa daramyAna satata kAma karIne dalasukhabhAIe vidyAmaMdiranI pratiSThA khUba vadhArI ane vidvAnonI puSkaLa sahAnubhUti paNa meLavI, eTaluM ja nahIM, enI nAmanAno paradeza sudhI vistAra karyo, tethI A vidyAtIrthano lAbha levA paradezanA vidvAno paNa avAranavAra AvavA lAgyA. Ama thavAmAM jema saMsthAmAM ekatrita thayela sAmagrIno tema zrI dalasukhabhAInI nirbheLa ane saujanyapUrNa vidvattAno paNa mahattvano phALo che. uparAMta, AvI moTI saMsthAno saphaLa vahIvaTa karavAnI emanI kuzaLatAno paricaya paNa saune maLI rahyo. eka divasa kaeNneDAnI ToronTo yunivarsiTI taraphathI zrI dalasukhabhAIne aNadhAryo patra maLyo. tA. 9-4-1967no e patra ToronTo yunivarsiTInA saMskRta vibhAganA prophesara ane DipArTamenTa oNpha IsTa eziyana sTeDijha (pUrva eziyAne lagatI vidyAonA vibhAga)nA adhyakSa prophesara e. ke. vADara lakhyo hato. emAM emaNe lakhyuM hatuM ke, | 'amAre tyAM cAlatA A vibhAgamAM bhAratIya tattvajJAnanA adhyApanane mATe tame ToronTo Avo evI koI zakyatA che ke kema te jANavA mATe huM A patra lakhuM chuM. tamane anukULa hoya e pramANe, kAyamane mATe ke mulAkAtI adhyApaka (vijhiTiMga prophesara) tarIke eka varSa mATe, ame tamArI nimaNUka karI zakIe ema chIe. evuM paNa thaI zake ke, zarUAtamAM eka varSa mATe mulAkAtI adhyApaka tarIke ane te bAda, keneDAmAM rahevuM tamane pasaMda paDe to, kAyamane mATe tamArI nimaNUka karavAmAM Ave. * virala vidhApuruSa * A mATe pagAra tarIke tamane vArSika tera hajAra DaoNlara ApavAmAM Avaze. (pachIthI paMdara hajAra DaoNlara ApavAmAM AvyA hatA.) uparAMta tamAruM ahIM AvavA-javAnuM pravAsakharca paNa ApavAmAM Avaze.' - A rIte ToronTo yunivarsiTImAM joDAvAnuM sIdhesIdhuM AmaMtraNa ApyA bAda, e mATe zrI dalasukhabhAInI pasaMdagI karavAnuM kAraNa darzAvatAM prophesara vADare lakhyuM hatuM ke - 'bhAratanAM vizvatattvanuM vizleSaNa karatAM darzanonI anya zAkhAo temaja bauddha darzananA pramANavAda saMbaMdhI khulAso ane samajUtI ApI zake evA sAva gaNyAgAMThyA vidvAnomAMnA eka tarIke huM tamArAM kAmone ghaNA vakhatathI pichAnuM chuM, tethI ja mAruM dhyAna tamArA tarapha gayuM che.'' zrI dalasukhabhAInI jaina Agamo ane bhAratIya darzanonI vyApaka tathA marmasparzI vidvattA temaja nirbheLa vidyAniSThAnuM mUlyAMkana ApaNA dezanA temaja videzanA paNa keTalAka prAcyavidyA ane tattvajJAnanA vidvAnoe, ghaNAM varSa pUrve, ThIka ThIka pramANamAM karIne emanuM e rIte bahumAna paNa karyuM ja che. Ama chatAM jyAre emanI vidvattAne A rIte paradezamAMthI biradAvavAmAM AvI ane emanI vidvattAno lAbha levAnI jhaMkhanA vyakta karavAmAM AvI tyAre zrI dalasukhabhAIne temaja emanA paricita sau koIne Azcarya sAthe vizeSa AnaMda thAya e svAbhAvika hatuM. zrI dalasukhabhAInI satyazodhaka, sAragrAhI ane sarvasparzI vidvattA tathA akhaMDa ane dhyeyaniSTha sarasvatI upAsanAnA zikhara upara A prasaMge jANe suvarNa kaLaza caDAvyo hoya ema lAgatuM hatuM. bAkI to, e hema ja hatuM ane hema che enI A prasaMgathI ApaNane enI vizeSa pratIti thavA pAmI hatI. eTaluM ja ! potAnI kAmagIrIne saphaLatApUrvaka pUrI karIne, bhArata pAchA AvyA pachI paNa, kaeNneDA sarakAra taraphathI emane kAyamane mATe amuka DaoNlaranuM mAsika penzana maLatuM hatuM temaja temanI vidvattAno lAbha levA prophesara vArpara kyAreka emanI pAse AvIne paNa rahetA hatA. nAmanAnI emane jarAya jhaMkhanA nahotI, paiso emane lobhAvI zakto nahIM ane prakhara pAMDityane emaNe evuM pacAvI jANyuM ke emane paMDita tarIke saMbodhatAM paNa saMkoca thAya. emanA nama, nikhAlasa ane nirmaLa mananA kAraNe pAMDityanuM Adhipatya kyAreya jovA maLatuM nahIM, tethI ja teo sadA svastha ane prasanna rahI zakatA hatA. 0 23pa ] 1 276 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * aviveka karavo nahIM ane koIno Dara rAkhavo nahIM e emanI vidyopAsanAnI vizeSatA hatI. pUjya paMDita sukhalAlajI ane emanI vacce kAyA ane chAyA jevo ekarUpa saMbaMdha hato, chatAM koI zAstrIya ke bIjI bAbatamAM potAnuM maMtavya juduM hoya to te teo vinA saMkoce rajU karatA satyane vaphAdAra rahevAnI paMDitajInI Teva dalasukhabhAIe apanAvI jANI hatI. zrI dalasukhabhAInuM nirvyAja jIvana joIne kyAreka mIThI mUMjhavaNabharyo evo ramUjI savAla paNa thato ke, emanuM pAMDitya vadhe ke emanuM saujanya vadhe? emanI ochAbolI chatAM mULa sudhI pahoMcanArI agAdha vidvattA ApaNane emanA pAMDityanI prazaMsA karavA prere che, to emanI sahaja saraLatA, nirabhimAnavRtti, samatA, anAsakti, sahRdayatA, tana-mana-dhananA bhoge paNa koInuM kAma karI chUTavAnI paragajuvRtti, vivekazIlatA, anAgraha dRSTi, vera-virodha ke rAga-dveSanI kaThora lAgaNIno abhAva vagere guNo emanA roma romamAM dhabakatA saujanyanI zAkha pUratA hatA. emanuM pAMDitya emanA saujanyathI ane emanuM saujanya emanA pAMDityathI zobhatuM ane e bannenA virala sumeLathI zobhatuM hatuM emanuM jIvana. emanA avasAnane pariNAme gujarAtanA vidyAjagatamAM vaNapurAya evI khoTa paDI che. 273] 27 jIvanopAsanAnuM amRta samagra dezamAM gujarAta vizeSa samRddha che, enA hastapratomAM sacavAyelA vipula jJAnarAzithI. samasta dezamAM gujarAta sauthI beMka che, eNe karelI e vipula sAhityasamRddhinI upekSAthI. ApaNA hastapratabhaMDAromAM paDelI hajAro hastaprato abhyAsI saMzodhakanI rAha joIne beThI che. AvI hastaprato jJAnabhaMDAranI dIvAlomAMthI bahAra Ave ane gujarAtano jJAnaprakAza graMtharUpe pragaTa thAya te mATe AjIvana ciMtA sevanAra zrI harivallabha bhAyANInI vidAyathI gujarAtamAM koI rIte na purAya tevo zUnyAvakAza sarjAyo che. vidyAjagatamAM teo 'bhAyANIsAheba'ne nAme vizeSa jANItA, paNa e mAtra jJAnopAsanAnA ja mArgadarzaka tarIke nahIM, ekaniSTha saMzodhaka ke nIvaDelA sarjakane jIvanopAsanAnuM amRta ApanArA hatA. madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanA abhyAsa ane saMzodhana mATe emaNe avirata puruSArtha karyo. A sAhitya saMzodhita thaIne prakAzita pAme tene mATe satata prayAsa karatA. navA navA yuvAnone saMzodhana-kAryamAM preravA barAbara jotaratA. ane vakhatovakhata protsAhana ApavuM te emanuM B 278 ]

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* zabdasamIpa kAma. kyAreka vidyArthI pramAdavaza kAma na karato hoya to mIThI Takora karIne vidyArthIne pharI AgaLa vadhAratA. gujarAtanA aneka saMzodhakone bhAyANIsAhebanuM mArgadarzana maLyuM che. emanA avasAnathI gujarAtanI sAhitya-saMzodhana pravRttine kaLa na vaLe tevo AMcako lAgyo che. gujarAtanA A vidyA-tapasvIe anekavidha vidyAzAkhAomAM samRddha pradAna karyuM che. bhASAvijJAnanuM kSetra hoya ke prAkRta-apabhraMza sAhitya hoya, vivecana hoya ke saMpAdana hoya, paNa je viSayamAM bhAyANIsAhebanI pratibhAno sparza thato, tyAM UMDANa ane utkRSTatA ekasAthe saMvAda sAdhatAM. mULa teo saMskRtanA vidyArthI. saMskRtamAM ane ardhamAgadhI viSaya sAthe ema.e. thayA hatA, paNa emanI vidyAono vyApa satata vadhato gayo. prAkRta ane apabhraMza bhASAonA tajjJa banyA. navamI zatAbdinA kavi svayaMbhUdeva-racita apabhraMza bhASAnA rAmAyaNaviSayaka mahAkAvya 'paumacariya' para mahAnibaMdha lakhIne DaoNkTareTanI padavI meLavI. e pachI A kSetranAM emanAM saMpAdano AMtararASTriya khyAti to pAmyAM, kiMtu tethIya vizeSa navI dizAdRSTi ApavAmAM sahAyaka banyAM. 'apabhraMza vyAkaraNa', 'vyutpatti vicAra' ane 'thoDoka vyAkaraNavicAra' jevA graMthomAM bhASAvijJAnI tarIkenI emanI pratibhAnAM darzana thAya che. 'kamaLanA taMtu' ke 'taraMgavatI' jevI madhyakAlIna gujarAtI kRtionAM saMpAdanamAM emano saMzodhaka tarIkeno navonmeSa pragaTa thAya che. gujarAtI vivecananA kSetrane aneka pustakothI emaNe samRddha karyuM. prAcIna sAhityathI mAMDIne Adhunika sAhityanI chellAmAM chellI gatividhi sAthe emano paricaya hoya. emanI prajJAno Avo akhaMDa vistAra joIe tyAre Azcarya thAya. pAzcAtya vivecananA adyatana pravAhono UMDo abhyAsa dharAvatA ane chellAmAM chellA upalabdha graMtho ke lekho vize lakhatA rahetA. apabhraMzanA duhAthI mAMDIne posTamorDanijhama ane sTrakcarAlijhama vize lekho lakhatA hoya. kaThina vyAkaraNagraMthothI mAMDIne zRMgArarasika muktakono anuvAda paNa bhAyANIsAheba pAsethI maLyo che. bauddha jAtaka kathAonA anuvAdano graMtha 'kamaLanA taMtu' maLe che. bhAyANIsAheba jarmana, marAThI, baMgALI, tamiLa bhASAo jANatA hatA. prAraMbhamAM teo aMgrejImAM lakhatA hatA. lokasAhityamAM paNa emane UMDo rasa. 'loksAhitya : saMpAdana ane saMzodhana' -279 * jIvanopAsanAnuM amRta * nAmanA zAstrIya pustake lokasAhityanA abhyAsIone navI dizA ApI che. saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMza muktakonA amara sAhitya vArasAne emaNe 'gAthAmAdhurI', 'muktakamAdhurI' jevAM pustakomAM saMgrahita karyo che. 1940mAM 'prasthAna'mAM emano prathama lekha chapAyo tyArathI mAMDI A varSanA navembara mahinA sudhI emanI vidyAyAtrA cAlu rahI. gujarAtImAM lakhIne mAtRbhASAne nyAla karI. bhAyANIsAheba pAse jeTalI UMDI sAhityacarcA thaI zake eTalI ja sAhijakatAthI temanA janmasthaLa mahuvAnI, apabhraMza bhASAnA duhAnI ke e pachI prAkRta-saMskRta muktakonI carcA thaI zake. AvA bhAyANIsAhebane raNajitarAma suvarNacaMdraka, dilhIno sAhitya akAdamIno evaoNrDa, premAnaMda sAhityasabhAno caMdraka, gujarAta sAhitya akAdamIno evaoNrDa vagere aneka evaoNrDathI navAjavAmAM AvyA hatA. joke hakIkatamAM to bhAyANIsAhebane maLelA evaoNrDathI vAstavamAM evaoNrDane sanmAna hAMsala thayuM che ! prakAMDa pAMDitya hovA chatAM paMDitAIno lezamAtra bhAra nahIM. koIpaNa viSaya ke graMtha paratve gahana vicAra karanArA emanA caherA para sadAya gulAbI hAsya pharakatuM hoya ! A sarasvatIputrano vidyAprema eTalo ke koI vidyArthI mArgadarzana mATe Ave to potAne game tevuM jarUrI kAma bAjue mUkIne ene bhaNAvavA lAgI jAya. nAnakaDI jijJAsA laIne janAra navAsavA vidyArthIne e premathI AvakAra ApatA, pAse besADatA. emanAM patnI caMdrakalAbahena emanuM Atithya karatA ane pustakonI duniyA vacce beThelA bhAyANIsAheba enA muddAne pakaDIne sAMgopAMga carcA karatA. rAta-divasa emane satata eka ja ciMtA gherAyelI rahetI ke ApaNA bhASA-vArasAnuM zuM thaze ? A hastapratonAM jJAnanuM zuM thaze ? prAcInanI upekSA ane saMzodhananA khaMtano abhAva emane korI raheto hato. emanI A vedanA jyAre pragaTa thatI, tyAre bhAyANIsAhebanA avAjamAM judo raNako saMbhaLAto. emanI nikhAlasa vedanA hRdayane tatkALa sparzI jatI. prAkRta-apabhraMza sAhityanA vijJAna ane prakAMDa paMDita bhAyANIsAhebanI vidAya pachI Aje bhASA-sAhitya ane saMzodhananA kSetrane AvarI le tevI .2803

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zabdasamIpa * pratibhA dekhAtI nathI. vidyAkSetre rAMka gujarAta emanI vidAyathI raMka banI gayuM. abhyAsIo ane vidvAno sAthe carcA cAlatI hoya tyAre bhAyANIsAheba ekAeka UbhA thaIne e viSayamAM pragaTa thayeluM koI viziSTa ke adyatana pustaka laI Ave. enAM pRSTho kholIne emAMthI samajAve. vaLI e saMzodhakane upayogI hoya to jarUrI lAgatI jherokSa paNa temaNe karAvI rAkhI hoya. Avo hato emano vidyAprema. laMDana ke perisanI yunivarsiTImAM tame bhAratIya bhASAnA abhyAsIne maLavA jAva to teo gujarAtamAM vasatI be vyaktinI pRcchA kare. eka te zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ane bIjA zrI harivallabha bhAyANI. laMDanamAM tame vidvAna prA. rAiTane maLatA ho athavA paeNrisamAM DaoN. mAdAma kAyA ke DaoN. nalinI balabIrane maLatA ho to e badhA potAnA hRdayamAM sthApelA guru sama bhAyANIsAhebanuM smaraNa kare. emanuM pradAna AMtararASTrIya khyAti pAmyuM hatuM. laMDananI yunivarsiTInI 'skUla oNpha orienTala enDa Aphrikana sTaDijha' taraphathI temane mAnAI evA phelopadathI sanmAnita karavAmAM AvyA hatA. bhAyANIsAheba pAse evuM hRdayavijayI hAsya hatuM. emanuM khaDakhaDATa hAsya vAtAvaraNamAM guMjatuM rahetuM. kyAreka eTaluM badhuM hase ke emano cahero lAlaghUma banI jato, paNa A hAsyarasAyaNathI bhAyANIsAheba sahunA priya banatA. e hAsyane kAraNe koI samartha vidvAnane maLI rahyAno sAmI vyaktino bhaya ke Dara jato. A mahAna bhASAvidane satata evI icchA rahetI ke gujarAtamAM prAkRtaapabhraMza bhASAnI akAdamI sthapAya. gujarAtI bhASA jemAMthI UtarI AvI tevI A be bhASAonI ghaNI sAhityika samRddhi upekSita rahI che. emAMya apabhraMza bhASAno abhyAsa gujarAtamAM avazya thavo ja joIe. Ane mATe emaNe prayAsa paNa karyA hatA. paraMtu avidyAnA araNyamAM vidyAnI AvI sUkama paNa mahattvanI vAta kyAMthI saMbhaLAya ? vidyArthI jue eTale bhAyANIsAhebane vahAla phUTe. teo enA abhyAsanI 0 281 ] * jIvanopAsanAnuM amRta * ciMtA kare. vidyAbhyAsa vadhAravAmAM Arthika muMjhavaNa hoya to ene mATe Arthika vyavasthA paNa karI Ape. pariNAme A vidyApuruSe vidyAnA keTalAya dIvaDAomAM tela sIMcyuM che. emanI A vidyopAsanAne kAraNe teono vidvAna jaina AcAryo sAthe gADha saMparka raheto. jaina AcAryo paNa AvA jJAnI puruSa sAthe jJAnacarcA karatA. keTalAka jaina AcAryo sAthe to emane hRdayano saMbaMdha. AcAryazrI vijayapradyumnasUrIzvarajI ane A. zrI vijayazIlacaMdrasUrIzvarajI sAthe teonI vidyAkIya pravRttio cAlatI ja hoya. 'anusaMdhAna' nAmanuM saMzodhanalekho dharAvatuM eka utkRSTa tramAsika A. zrI zIlacaMdrasUrIzvarajI sAthe rahIne saMpAdita karatA hatA ane gujarAtamAM zAstrIya saMzodhanone prakAzamAM lAvatA hatA. koIno patra Ave to ene tarata posTakArDathI pratyuttara pAThave. vaLI eka posTakArDamAM vAta adhUrI rahe to e anusaMdhAnamAM bIjuM posTakArDa ane jarUra hoya to trIjuM posTakArDa paNa lakhe. 'emanuM ghara eTale abhyAsIonuM tIrtha." 'eka ja kSaNe e guru ane guNAm guru hoI zake che.' emanAmAM vidvattAnI bhArobhAra saujanya hatuM. jIvananA aMta sudhI e kAryarata rahyA. chelle muMbaInI nANAvaTI haoNspiTalanA bichAnethI paNa lakhatA hatA ! 'vAgyApAra', 'zodha ane svAdhyAya', 'zabdakathA', 'anuzIlano', 'kAvyamAM zabda', 'vyutpattivicAra', 'racanA ane saMracanA' jevA vidvattAsabhara graMthonA saMzodhaka tarIke smaraNIya raheze. emanI cha dAyakAnI vidyAyAtrAno virAma e vighApravRttionA bhAvi sAme praznArtharUpa banI jaze to ? te 282 2

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saMskRtipuruSanI vidAya gujarAtanA ciMtaka, sarjaka, keLavaNIkAra, svAtaMtryanA laDavaiyA, lokasevaka, saMsthAsarjaka ane rAja kIya kSetre padArpaNa karanAra manubhAI paMcoLI 'darzaka'nuM 29 ogasTa 2001nA roja avasAna thayuM. sityAsI varSano 'darzaka'no jIvanakALa, paNa pratibhA evI ke je kSetramAM jAya tyAM emanI maulikatAthI AgavI bhAta pADe ane utkRSTa zaktithI e kSetrane nyAla karI de. darzakano janma 15 oNkTobara 1914nA roja surendranagara jillAnA paMcAsiyA gAmamAM thayo. pitA prAthamika zALAnA zikSaka hatA. prAthamika-mAdhyamika zikSaNa tithavA, luNasara ane vAMkAneramAM lIdheluM. pachI gAMdhI prerita rASTrIya AMdolanamAM joDAvA mATe navamAM dhoraNathI abhyAsa choDI dIdho hato. vIramagAma sainika chAvaNImAM satyAgrahI tarIkenI tAlIma daramiyAna nAnAbhAI bhaTTanA saMparkamAM AvyA. e saMparke emanA jIvanamAM moTI krAnti karI. 1936mAM dakSiNAmUrtimAM gRhapati thayA. te sAthe grAmotthAnanI kaparI kAmagIrI jAnanA jokhame hAtha dharI ane noMdhapAtra saphaLatA meLavI. 1938mAM AMbalAmAM grAmadakSiNAmUrti lokazALAmAM gRhapati-zikSaka tarIke joDAyA ane 1953thI saNosarAmAM lokabhAratI grAmavidyApIThamAM [] 283 ] * saMskRtipuruSanI vidAya * nAnAbhAI bhaTTanI paDakhe rahI lokazikSaNanuM - navI peDhInA sarvAgINa ghaDataranuM pAyAnuM kArya karatA rahyA. thoDo vakhata teo zikSaNapradhAna paNa thayA hatA. temane temanA saMgIna sAhityakArya mATe 1964no raNajitarAma suvarNacaMdraka, 'saoNkreTIsa" navalakathA mATe dilhI sAhitya akAdamIno puraskAra (1975) tathA gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadane pramukha (1982) tarIke ane gujarAtI sAhitya akAdamIne adhyakSa (1992-1997) tarIke emanI sevAo sAMpaDelI. sAhityasarjana darzaka mATe cittane nirmaLa, udyata ane ujvaLa karanArI upAsanA samAna hatuM. 'darzaka'nA sarjanakAryano prAraMbha nATakathI thayo, paraMtu navalakathA e emano prathama prema. emanI 'baMdIghara' navalakathAmAM svAtaMtranI laData mATe baMdIgharamAM rahIne pArAvAra yAtanAo sahana karatA kedIonuM citraNa maLyuM. 'baMdIghara thI zarU thayelI emanI navalakathAyAtrAno eka mukAma che. 'dIpanirvANa'. 'dIpanirvANa'mAM gaNarAjyonI prajAsattAkanI khevanA darzAvI che. e pachI 'darzaka' pAsethI gujarAtane maLI 'jhera to pIdhAM che jANI jANI' navalakathI. eno prathama bhAga bhAratanI uttama navalakathAonI haroLamAM Ubho rahe tevo che. enA bIjA bhAgamAM lekhakanI ghaNI noMdho pravezI gaI, paNa trIjo bhAga prathama bhAganI joDAjoDa rahe eTalo utkRSTa banI rahyo. A navalakathAnuM gopALabApAnuM pAtra jIvaMta banI jAya che. AmAM maLatuM pAtromAM AMtara vizvanuM pragaTIkaraNa bhAvakane AkarSe che. 'darzaka' gAMdhIyugamAM thayA, paraMtu 'jhera to pIdhAM che jANI jANI'nA satyakAma ane rohiNI jevAM pAtro govardhanarAmanA sarasvatIcaMdra ane kumudasuMdarInA pAtranI vadhu nikaTa lAge che. "sarasvatIcaMdra' ane 'jhera to pIdhAM che jANI jANI'mAM samakAlIna samAjanA mahApraznone ukelavAno prayatna thayo che. baMne sarjaka bhUtakALanA vArasAnI sAthe vartamAnamAM UbhA rahIne bhaviSya para mITa mAMDe che. govardhanarAma ane 'darzaka' baMne ciMtana ane kalpanAno samanvaya dharAve che. baMnene samAjanA zIla sAthe bhAvi saMskRti mATe nisbata che. 19mI sadInI samApti 'sarasvatIcaMdra' navalakathAthI thaI, to vIsamI sadInI samAptimAM 'darzaka'nuM 'kurukSetra' maLyuM. 'darzaka' bhUtakALane vartamAna sAthe joDIne navIna tattvadRSTino anubhava karAvyo. 'jhera to pIdhAM che jANI jANI'no kathApaTa gAmaDAMthI mAMDIne deza-videza sudhI vistaryo. e pachI 'saoNkreTIsa' navalakathA 0 284 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * dvArA 'darzake " grIka parivezamAM bhAratIya sahiSNutAno paricaya Apyo che. vizeSa to sokreTIsa dvArA lokazAhInA saMdarbhamAM sAMskRtika mUlyo upasAvavAno prayAsa karyo. 'kurukSetramAM zrIkRSNanA vyaktitvanuM eka navuM ja darzana ApyuM ane kurukSetranA yuddhanI kathA sAthe praNayanA tANAvANA evA gUMthyA che ke emAM 'darzaka'nI sarjanAtmaka ciMtanazakti pragaTa thaI che. 'kurukSetra' mATe maLelA 'sarasvatI sanmAna'ne svIkAratI vakhate gujarAtI kRtine maLelA sanmAna badala AnaMda pragaTa karyo hato. darzaka itihAsanA tathyane sAcavIne tenuM vartamAnane preraka nIvaDe tevuM arthaghaTana kare che, pachI te 'saoNkreTIsa' hoya ke 'kurukSetra' ke 'jhera to pIdhAM che jANI jANI' hoya. aitihAsika ghaTanAnI pAchaLa rahelI saMskRti ane philaoNsophIne upasAvatA javAnI darzakanI rIti munazIthI bhinna che. prabhAvaka pAtrAlekhana, prakRtinAM ramaNIya dRzyo ane temanI sAthe maLI jatAM mAnavasaMvedano nirUpatI asarakAraka varNanazailI tathA bhUtakALane vartamAna sAthe joDI detI vyApaka tattvaSTi darzakanI aitihAsika navalakathAonI viziSTatA che. gAMdhIyuganA A navala kathAkAranAM satyakAma ane rohiNI ramaNalAla desAInAM nAyaka-nAyikA karatAM sarasvatIcaMdra ane kumudanI vadhu najIka che. navalakathAkAra. darzaka saoNkreTIsane bolato rAkhIne potAnA jamAnAne gAMdhIno avAja saMbhaLAvavAno prayatna karatA jaNAya che. bhUtakAlIna ghaTanAone vartamAnamAM pratyakSa karatAM teo temAMthI sAcI lokazAhI ane mAnavatAnAM mUlyone udAtta pAtracitraNa ne utkRSTa kathArasa dvArA phalita karI batAve che. 'darzaka' amerikAnA pravAsa daramyAna satata sarjana karatA rahetA. emanA snehIo-cAhakono Agraha raheto ke 'darzaka' emane tyAM Ave ane nirAMte lekhana kArya kare. eka vAra nyUjarsImAM rahetA gujarAtI sAhityanA UMDA abhyAsI zrI madhusUdana kApaDiyAne tyAM rahyA hatA. bhojanano samaya thayo. darzakane bolAvyA, paNa AvyA nahIM. bIjI vAra bolAvyA. na AvyA. trIjI vAra bolAvyA ane 'darzaka' AvyA, tyAre emanI AMkhamAMthI AMsunI dhArA vahetI hatI. A joI badhA DaghAI gayA. ekAeka thayuM zuM ? 'darzaka' kAraNa darzAvatA kahyuM, "abhimanyunuM mRtyu thayuM". Ama potAnA sarjanamAM 'darzaka' keTalA ekarUpa thaI jatA, eno A dakhalo che. 'darzaka' upanAma aMge teo kahetA ke sakaLa sRSTimAM je kaMI bane che, enuM mAtra huM darzana 285 ] * saMskRtipuruSanI vidAya * karuM chuM ane sAkSIbhAva tarIke 'darzaka' upanAma rAkhavAnI preraNA maLI che. paraMtu sAkSIbhAva dharAvatA manubhAI darzaka nahIM, paNa sarjaka tarIke gADha tAdAtmabhAva dharAvatA hatA. sarjana pUrve e viSayanAM prApya pustako vAMcatA. pravAsa karatA. e mATe judI judI vyaktione maLatA paNa kharA. 'darzake' lekhanano prAraMbha to nATyaracanAthI karyo. rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhAratanA A marmadraSTAe potAnI rIte A kRtione joI, emaNe ekAMkIo lakhyAM. 'paritrANa'mAM mahAbhAratanuM kathAvastu ane 'aMtima adhyAya'mAM hiTalaranA AtmahatyA pUrvenA divasonuM darzaka nirUpaNa karyuM. sarja ka 'darzaka'nA AMtaravyaktitvanI chabI emanA 'sabhi: saMga:' ane cetIvistAranI yAtrA'mAM manorama jhIlAI che. 'sarbhi: saMga:'mAM AlekhAyelI emanI jIvanayAtrA e A mahApuruSanA jIvanasaMgharSanI anupama kathA che, 'darzaka'nA sAhityasarjanamAM itihAsa, vivecana, caritra ane dharmatattvadarzanane AlekhatAM pustako maLe che. gujarAtanA samartha sAkSara raghuvIra caudharI kahe che tema emanA ciMtanAtmaka gadyamAM paNa sauMdaryamaMDita rasavRtti pragaTa thAya che. gAMdhIjIno vicArabodha ane ravIndranAtha TAgorano sauMdaryabodha 'darzaka'mAM samanvaya sAdhe che. kALI prajAnA hakka mATe avirata jaMga khelanAra abrAhama liMkananA jIvananuM 'darzaka'ne AkarSaNa hatuM. gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA sAmayika 'paraba 'mAM 'mukti maMgalA" nAme enAM pAMceka prakaraNo paNa pragaTa thayAM. paNa e navalakathA adhUrI rahI. 'darzaka' kahetA ke teoe jIvananuM sittera TakA kAma grAmapunarutthAnanuM karyuM che. trIsa TakA ja sarjana kArya karyuM che. sarjaka 'darzaka' emanI sarjanAtmakatAthI navI bhAta pADatA to manubhAI paMcaLI tarIke e ja vyakti gAmaDAomAM lokeLavaNInI dhUNI dhakhAvIne beThI hatI. gAMdhIjInA racanAtmaka kAryakramono jIvana ane tenI AmUla keLavaNI sAthe aucityapUrNa anubaMdha racIne buniyAdI zikSaNano prayoga karyA karatA hatA. 'dakSiNAmUrtimAM nAnAbhAI bhaTTa sAthe gRhapati tarIke kAma karIne Ano prAraMbha karyo. e pachI AMbalA, saNosarA ane maNAramAM rahIne saMniSTha ane bahuzruta zikSaka manubhAIe zikSaNano mahAna prayoga kya. e prayogane pariNAme grAma keLavaNIne ajavALatA keTalAya tejasvI ziSyonuM emaNe ghaDatara karyuM. 1 287 ]

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* zabdasamIpa * manubhAI paMcoLI eka evA sarjaka hatA ke jemaNe gAMdhIjInA racanAtmaka kAryane kriyAmAM rUpAMtarita karI ApyuM. gAMdhIvicAramAM emanI dRDhatA evI hatI ke samAja ke rAja kAraNanA koI paNa aniSTa sAme avirata jaMga calAvatA. kaTokaTI samaye tAmrapatra pAchuM vALyuM hatuM. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa vinobA bhAvene vicArasvAtaMtranA AgrahI 'darzaka' ni:saMkoca lakhyuM : mAnI laIe ke Apane je. pI. AMdolana vize matabheda hoya, mAnI laIe ke Apa iMdirAjInAM pagalAMne Teko ApavAnA abhiprAyanA ho, topaNa vicArazAsanane vistRta karavA mathatA mahAna manISI tarIke, ahiMsAnI maryAdAmAM rahIne, lokasaMgraha arthe jo ahiMsaka rIte vicAra, pracAra ke saMgaThita AMdolana calAvavAM hoya temane paNa tevo adhikAra che ane temAM ADe AvanArAM AjanAM kaTokaTI, kAnUna ke niyamano anucita che tevuM Apa kema kahetA nathI ?' potAnI vAta dRDhatAthI kahetA 'darzaka' sAhitya ane kalAnI mAphaka samAja ane rAja kAraNa emanA vicAro sahu AdarapUrvaka sAMbhaLatA. emano satyano raNako sahu koIne sparzI jato. gAMdhIjInI preraNAthI emaNe AMbalAmAM nizALa zarU karI tyAre emanI sAme aneka prazno hatA. gAmaDAM bhAMgI zahero baMdhAya tevI keLavaNI adhUrI che, e vicArathI vidyArthI gAmaDAMmAM rahevA, gAmaDAMne sudhAravA ane gAmaDAMnI vakIlAta karavA prerAya tevI keLavaNI ApavI joIe tema 'darzaka' mAnatA hatA. gAmaDAMne mATe vidyArthIomAM prema ane gaurava jAge ane gAmaDAMne dhovAtA aTakAvavA mATe jarUrI yuyutsavRtti keLavAya te Avazyaka hatuM. e samayanI paristhiti aMge 'darzaka' lakhe che : koI vAra bhaNanAra bALakonA vAlIo mane pUchatA, "mArA chokarAne nokarI maLaze ?' huM kaheto, 'maLe paNa kharI, na paNa maLe; paNa ame nokarI mATe bhaNAvatA nathI.' 'to pachI e zuM kAma bhaNe ! khetI to amAre ghera rahIne ya jotAM jotAM zIkhI jAya.' 'nA bApA, navI khetInI tamane khabara nathI. e navI khetI zIkhaze." * saMskRtipuruSanI vidAya * 'navI ke jUnI bhAI, amAre to chokaro dhaMdhe caDe evuM joIe.' 'te thaI jaze, tamAre mAthe e nahi paDe. potAno rasto karI leze." 'paNa tame bIjuM zuM zIkhavo cho ? khetI to ThIka mArA bhAI, ahIM DhephAM bhAMgyAM ke ghera, badhuM ya sarakhuM che.' 'jo bApA, ame zuM zIkhavIe chIe te kahuM ?" pachI tevAnI sAme AMkha noMdhI huM kaheto, 'zIMgaDA mAMDatAM zIkhavIe chIe." ane pachI pelA bakarAnA baccAnI vAta kaheto ke e bacuM brahmA pAse jaIne potAne kUtarAM, nAra, mAtAjI badhAM khAI jAya che, temAMthI bacavuM kema te aMge kAkalUdI karavA lAgyuM - te vAta kaheto ane brahmAe ApelA javAbathI tenA kAna bharAI jAya tema kaheto. | 'bApA," brahmAe tene kahyuM, 'huM to tAro dAdo ne ? e chatAMya tAruM A kuNuM kUNuM rAMkaDuM moTuM joIne mane ya tane eka baTakuM bharI levAnuM mana thAya che. jarA zIMgaDAM mAMDatAM zIkhya, tane meM zIMgaDAM zA sAru ApyAM che ? bApA, ame zIMgaDAM mAMDatAM zIkhavavAnA chIe." 'darzaka' karamazI makavANA, dulerAya mATaliyA, savazIbhAI makavANA, maganalAla jozI jevA keTalAya tejasvI zikSako taiyAra karyA, jemaNe darzakanI nayI tAlImanI jyota gAmegAma ja gADI, nayI tAlIma e 'darzaka'no AtmA hatI. Aje darzaka deharUpe nathI, tyAre bhraSTa rAja kAraNa ane naSTa zikSaNa vacce nayI tAlImano prakAza rUMdhavAnA thatA prayAsa aTakAvAya to ya ghaNuM. naguNuM gujarAta enA saMskRtipuruSane mATe ATaluM karI zakaze kharuM ? 287 ] 0 288 ]

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paramatattvanI samIpe 'nidrAno sAco kImiyo zodhI rahyo chuM huM, A zuM ke roja suIne hararoja jAgavuM ?" harIndrabhAInI potAnA priya viSaya mRtyu paranI A sauthI vadhu priya paMktio 'hararoja jAgavAnI' paLojaNamAMthI emaNe meLavelI mukti samaye smaraNapaTa para taravare che. jIvana ane dharmanuM sAcuM rahasya ke paramatattvanI gahanatA mRtyunI oLakhathI hastagata thAya che ane e mRtyunI khoja te harIndrabhAInI satata zodhano viSaya banI rahyo. teo vAraMvAra icchatA ane kahetA paNa kharA ke mArA hAthamAM nathI evA mRtyuno anubhava karavA mATe huM talasuM chuM. aMtima be mahinAnA vyAdhigrasta kALamAM vakhatovakhata A anubhavanI sAva samIpa AvIne UbhelA A sarjaka hAthathI kalama pakaDIne lakhI zake tema nahotA, paraMtu jIvaleNe mAMdagInA bichAnAmAMthI sarI paDelA mRtyunA marmALA anubhavane sAMbhaLIne snehIjanoe emanI sUcanAne kAraNe zabdabaddha karavA koziza karI. mRtyu pratye Agavo anurAga dharAvatA harIndrabhAIe saMskRtimAM 'sarjakanI kephiyata' vize aMtima zabdo lakhyA * paramatattvanI samIpe * "A kSaNe paNa mane praphullita, prasanna jiMdagI ane prasanna mRtyunI vaccethI pasaMdagI karavAnI Ave to huM prasanna mRtyu pasaMda karuM." kavinA A zabdo emanI AMtarapratItimAMthI nIkaLyA hatA. kAraNa ke AMtaraDAMnA kaeNnsaranA oNparezana pachI paNa mRtyunI tamAma zakyatA joI harIndrabhAI bhAre svasthatAthI potAnA roganI cikitsAnI ane bhAvi bhayanI vAta karatA hatA, kensaranuM nAma paDatAM mAnavI mUMjhAI jAya tyAre teo oNparezana pachI A kensara phelAya to zuM thaI zake teno nirAMte 'khyAla' ApatA hatA ! emanA caherA parathI jIvanabhara je ekadhArI prasannatA pragaTa thatI hatI, e ja prasannatA mRtyunI lagolaga beThA hatA tyAre paNa eTalA ja mAdhurya sAthe pamAtI hatI. kyAreka kahetA ke, "rAtre AMkha mIMcuM ane savAre jAguM nahIM evI madhura kalpanA mane thAya che." kavinI kalpanA bhale sAkAra thaI, paraMtu gujarAte eka muThThI UMcero mAnavI, satyaniSTha sAhityakAra ane nirbhIka patrakAra gumAvyo che. sAcadila mAnavatAno duSkALa, anubhavavimukha ane mAdhyamothI kSINa thatuM sAhitya temaja prazaMsA ane pracArathI gherAyeluM patrakAratva - A badhAM vacce saumya vIratAthI jhajhUmato dIvo olavAyo che ! harIndrabhAI avAranavAra dezanA agraNI rAjapuruSone maLatA, dezanA variSTha patrakAronI paMgatamAM besatA, sAhityanI sabhAmAM sarjakatAnAM spaMdano ane avAjamAdhuryathI DolAyamAna karatA, e ja harIndrabhAI potAnA sAmAnyamAM sAmAnya dostane maLavAnuM paNa cUkatA nahIM. amadAvAda Ave tyAre game tyAMthI samaya kADhIne e potAnA mitrane maLavA jAya, kuTuMbIjano sAthe snehathI vAtacIta kare. pramANamAM sAmAnya sthiti dharAvatA mitranuM bhADAnuM ghara khAlI karAvavA mATe keTalAke baLano Azaro lIdhelo to harIndrabhAI tene mATe ghA khAvA paNa taiyAra rahyA. bahu ochA sarjakomAM je jhiMdAdilI jovA maLe che te jhiMdAdilI harIndrabhAImAM hatI. 'mArI kavitAthI mAMDIne kRSNa : AjanA saMdarbhamAM' ke 'bhagavAna mahAvIra" para bhASaNa ApavAnuM hoya to te mATe khUba pUrvataiyArI kare. keTalAMya pustako vAMce. judI judI noMdha taiyAra kare ane pachI pUrI taiyArI sAthe ane chatAM 0 289 ] 0 ra90 ]

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* zabdasamIpa bhArobhAra namratA sAthe vaktavya Ape. kyAreka to eka vaktavya mATe Akho divasa judo phALavI rAkhe. je zaheramAM pravacana ApavAnuM hoya te zaheramAM agAuthI rAtre pahoMcI jAya. sarkiTa hAusamAM rahe ane koIne kazI jANa karyA vinA abhyAsa kare. * muMbaImAM AvI rIte svAminArAyaNa maMdiranA atithigRhamAM 15-20 divasa sthAyI atithi banI jAya ! oNphisamAM paNa koIne kazI jANa na hoya ! ane e rIte sarjanakrama jALavI rAkhe. patrakAratvamAM paNa eTalI ja saccAI. kaTokaTI samaye temaNe indirAjInI nItirItino virodha karyo. e pachI janatA pakSanA zAsana samaye keTalAka patrakAroe e virodhanuM vaLatara meLavyuM, tyAre harIndrabhAIe mAtra saMniSTha patrakArano dharma bajAvyAno ja AtmasaMtoSa vyakta karyo. emanA patrakAratvanA dIrgha jIvanano sauthI sukhada anubhava teo 1977mAM mAnava-adhikAranA prazne laDAyelI cUMTaNImAM janatA pakSane maLelA vijayane mAnatA hatA. teo kahetA ke, "janatA pakSano vijaya bhale kSaNajIvI nIvaDyo hoya, paNa prajAnI saramukhatyArazAhI sAmeno avAja spaSTa rIte sAMbhaLavA maLyo." patrakAratvanA kAraNe vaicArika vyApa visyAno teo svIkAra karatA. mAtra kyAreka vahIvaTI kAmomAM patrakAratvanuM lakhANa lakhavAno samaya pUrato maLato nathI evo vasavaso rahyA karato. 'gAMdhInI kAvaDa' ane 'yuge yuge' jevI kRtio pote patrakAratvamAM na hota to lakhAta nahIM tema mAnatA hatA. kRSNa vizenI kavitA hoya, ke 'mAdhava kyAMya nathI' evI kRSNa vizenI lirikala novela hoya ke pachI 'kRSNa ane mAnavasaMbaMdho' jevo graMtha hoya, e badhAmAM maLatA kRSNa sAthe harIndrabhAI jIvanabhara pratyakSa vAta ane vyavahAra karatA rahyA. kRSNa saMge evA jIvaMta ane sAhijakatAthI bhAvaspaMdano anubhavatA ke kyAreka teo kahetA ke jema huM tamArI sAthe vAta karuM chuM, ema kRSNa sAthe vAta karuM chuM ! pariNAme kRSNa vize pote kavitA lakhI che ema mAnatA nahIM, paraMtu kRSNa svayaM emanI kavitAmAM pravezyA che tema kahetA, AthI ja emaNe eka gIta lakhyuM che ke, 21] paramatattvanI samIpe "mane mArage maLyA'tA zyAma koNa mAnaze ? mane mITamAM maLyAtA zyAma koNa mAnaze ?" chellAM varSomAM sarjaka harIndrabhAInI eka icchA hatI ke moTA gajAnI kRtinI racanA karavI. emaNe moTA gajAnI kavitA lakhavAno khyAla rAkhyo hato emanA manamAM, paraMtu savAla jAgato ke ATha-dasa hajAra paMkti sudhI cAle evo kavitAno UMDo zvAsa huM laI zakuM kharo ? e pachI kyAreka vicAratA ke pahelI pasaMdarUpa kavitA na lakhAya to navalakathA lakhuM. paraMtu patrakAratvanI javAbadArI, lAgaNIzIla paragaju svabhAva ane tabiyatanI pratikULatAe e mahAnavala ke mahAkavitA sarjavAnI mokaLAza ApI nahIM. emane bALapaNanuM bahu jhAMkhuM smaraNa hatuM. pitAnA mRtyunA AghAtanI kSaNo sivAya bahu ochI kSaNo manamAM hatI. pitAnI sAhityika abhiruci ane emanI pAsethI vArasAmAM maLelA nAnakaDA graMthAlayanI keTalIka amUlya kRtio emane mATe preraNArUpa banI rahI. sAta-ATha varSanI vayathI kazuMka sarjananuM vismaya rahyA karatuM hatuM. chaMdo ane laya sahaja rIte ja manamAM udaya pAmatA hatA. ane tethI kavitA zuM che e samajatA pUrve emane chaMdomAM lakhatAM AvaDI gayuM hatuM ! skUla ane kaoNlejanA abhyAsakALa daramyAna gurujanonA kAraNe emanI sAhityika ruci khIlatI rahI. emaNe kavitAmAM badhA prakAranA chaMdo para hathoTI batAvI. saMskRta chaMdomAM suMdara kAvyo lakhyAM ane achAMdasa kavitA racI. kalpanAvAda ke bIjA vAdonAM vAvAjhoDAM AvyAM; chatAM harIndra davenI kavitA potIkI cAle gati karatI rahI. comera AdhunikatAnI vAta gAI-bajAvIne thatI, tyAre te AdhunikatAno artha e karatA ke je sarjaka ke kavi kyAreya junavANI thato nathI - te Adhunika che. huM Aje lakhuM mATe te ati Adhunika - evI vayamAMDaNI paranI AdhunikatA emane maMjUra nahotI. kAlidAsa ke zeksapiyara jevA sarjakone teo Aje paNa yugathI AgaLa mAnatA hatA. TI. esa. eliyaTe bhale 19mI sadInA pahelA caraNamAM kAma karyuM, chatAM ya Aje te vadhu Adhunika che. navalakathAsarjanamAM 'mAdhava kyAMya nathI' jevI navalakathAmAM 'mitha'no judI D2923

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* zabdasamIpa * rIte upayoga karyo che. 'saMga-asaMga'mAM sAdhu samAjanI sAdhanApaddhatinI vAta karI che, to 'anAgatamAM olavAtAM gAmaDAMnI vAta karI che. 'mAdhava kyAMya nathI' ane 'saMga-asaMga'ne navalakathA tarIke khyAti maLI. paraMtu harIndrabhAIne to emanI 'paLanAM pratibiMba ' ane 'anAgata' e kRtio savizeSa pasaMda hatI. AjanA TIvI ane viDiyonA prasAraNanA samaye paNa lakhAtA sAhityanI jarUra haMmezAM mANasane rahevAnI evuM mAnanArA A sarjanuM priya pustaka hatuM 'mahAbhArata" ane priya sarjako hatA nityo, hITamena, rilka ane TI. esa. eliyaTa. vAraMvAra kavivara ravIndranAtha TAgoranI paMktionuM raTaNa karanArA harIndra davene ema pUchavAnuM mana thAya che ke teoe ravIndranAthanA dIrghajIvananuM rahasya nAnI vaye emaNe sarjelAM mRtyunAM kAvyomAM dIThuM hatuM ? harIndrabhAI, ame ya tamArAmAM e dIrghajIvana zodhatAM hatAM ! ane tame paramatattvanI hastI ke hayAtInI tamArI pratItinA mArge gati karI gayA ! 293 ]