Saral Prakrit Vyakaran

Author(s): Rajaram Jain
Publisher: Prachya Bharati Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/020659/1

Page #1
sarala prAkRta vyAkaraNa DaoN0 rAjArAma jaina yunivarsiTI prophe0 (prAkRta) evaM adhyakSa snAtakottara-saMskRta-prAkRta vibhAga ha0 dA0 jaina kaoNleja, pArA (bihAra) (magadha vizvavidyAlaya) prAcya bhAratI prakAzana 1960 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #2
sarala prAkRta vyAkaraNa pakSa .. DaoN0 rAjArAma jaina yunivarsiTI prophe0 (prAkRta) evaM adhyakSa snAtakottara-saMskRta-prAkRta vibhAga ha0 dA0 jaina kaoNleja, mArA (bihAra) (magadha vizvavidyAlaya) prAcya bhAratI prakAzana 1960 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #3
prakAzaka:ratnAsAgara M. Sc. mahAjana TolI naM 2, ArA-802301 (bihAra) saMzodhita saMskaraNa janavarI, 1660 mUlya 15/- mAtra 14/ mudraka :manatA priMTiMga presa, aaraa| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #4
viSayAnukrama bhUmikA pahalA pATha - varNamAlA ( 12 ) dUsarA pATha - prAkRta bhASA ke sAmAnya niyama (2-13 ) w tIsarA pATha - sandhiyA~, paribhASA evaM bheda-prabheda - Adi (13 - 21) cauthA pATha - kRdanta ( 21 - 26 ) 1 vartamAna kAlika kRdanta bheda-prabheda Adi 2 bhUtakAlika kRdanta 3 bhaviSyat 4 sambandha sUcaka bhUta kRdanta. 5 hetvarthaka 6 vidhyarthaka kRdanta 7 zIladharma ( kartR ) vAcaka kRdanta pA~cavA~ pATha-taddhita - prakaraNa (30-35 ) 1 apatyArthaka 2 tulanAtmaka 3 matvarthIya 4 bhAvAtmaka 5 idamArthaka 6 sAdRzyArthaka 7 bhavArthaka 8 AvRtyArthaka 9 kAlArthaka 10 parimANArthaka 11 vibhaktyartha 12 svArthika chaThavA~ pATha - strI - pratyaya, niyama Adi ( 35-40 ) sAtavA~ pATha - kAraka evaM vibhaktiyA~, (40 - 46 ) - kAraka evaM vibhakti meM antara tathA anya niyama - kArakoM kI saMkhyA tathA sodAharaNa paribhASAe~ For Private and Personal Use Only i-iii 13 22 24 26 28 26 WWW mr m 0 30 Ov mmmmmr mr x 32 34 35 35 41 43

Page #5
(ii ) khArabela ne apane loka maMgalakArI sarvodayI Adarza vicAroM evaM prajJAoM kA pracAra-prasAra prAkRta bhASA meM kiyA / prAkRta ke janabhASAI rUpa evaM lokapriyatA ke kAraNa saMskRta ke prAyaH sabhI nATakakAroM - zUdraka, bhAsa, kAlidAsa Adi ne bhI apane saMskRta - nATakoM meM use sammAnita sthAna pradAna kiyA / prAkRta ke vyAkaraNa sambandhI siddhAntoM kI kucha carcA prAcIna Agama granthoM meM milatI hai| unameM prAkRta-vyAkaraNa ke aneka granthoM kI carcA bhI AI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki prAkRtalakSaNa (maharSi pANini ), aindra vyAkaraNa (indra), sadda - pAhuDa (ajJAta) prAkRta-vyAkaraNa ( samantabhadra ), svayambhU vyAkaraNa ( svayambhU ) prAkRta sAhitya - ratnAkara ( ajJAta ) Adi meM apane-apane DhaMga se prAkRta-vyAkaraNa sambandhI niyama likhe gae the kintu Aja ve grantha upalabdha nahIM haiM / jo upalabdha haiM unameM prAkRta - lakSaNa ( capaDa ) prAkRta - prakAza ( vararuci ) prAkRta prakAza ko manoramA TIkA ( bhAmaha) prAkRta - maMjarI ( kAtyAyana), prAkRta saMjIvanI ( vasantarAja ), subodhinI (sadAnanda), siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana (prAcArya hemacanda ) prAkRtAnuzAsana ( puruSottama ), prAkRtazabdAnuzAsana ( trivikrama ) SaDbhASA candrikA ( lakSmIdhara ) prAkRtarUpAvatAra ( siMharAja ) prAkRtakalpataru ( rAmazarmAtarka vAgIza, prAkRtakAmadhenu ( laMkezvara ) prAkRta- candrikA ( zeSakRSNa ) prAkRtAnanda ( raghunAthakavi ) prAkRta- dIpikA ( caNDIdeva zarmA ) prAkRtakalpalatikA ( RSikeza ) yadi pramukha haiM / inakA prakAzana adhunAtama vaijJAnika paddhati se ho cukA hai tathA deza-videza ke vizva vidyAlayoM meM pAThya-granthoM ke rUpa meM svIkRta haiM / prAkRta vaiyAkaraNoM ne sthAna evaM kAla bheda ke kAraNa prAkRtoM ke ardhamAgadhI, mAgadhI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI, paizAcI, For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #6
bhUmikA AcArya rudraTa kRta kAvyAlaMkAra ke suprasiddha TIkAkAra prAcArya namisAdhu ne 'prAkRta, zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue likhA hai :-prAk pUrva kRtaM prAkRtam (2/12 TIkA) arthAt 'pahale kiyA gyaa| isakA spaSTa artha yaha hai ki 'prAkRta' vaha bhASA hai, jo, mAnava-sRSTi ke prArambhika kAla se vyAkaraNa Adi saMskAroM se rahita hone para bhI svAbhAvika rUpa se sAmAnya janatA ke vicAroM ke AdAna-pradAna kA svAbhAvika mAdhyama rahatI AI ho| isI lie 'prAkRta' zabda kI vyutpatti meM 'prakRtyA svabhAvena siddha prAkRtam "tathA" prakRtInAM sAdhAraNa janAnAmidaM prAkRtam" kaha kara jana-sAmAnya kI svAbhAvika bhASA ko 'prAkRta' kahA gyaa| prAkRta kI ukta vyutpattiyoM tathA anya bhASA-vaijJAnika khojoM ke AdhAra para yaha bhI siddha ho gayA hai ki vedoM meM prayukta chAndas-bhASA se "laukika saMskRta kA vikAsa huA tathA vaidikakAlIna hI prAcyA yA pUrvadezIyA bhASA se jo 'bhASA' vikasita huI, vaha 'prAkRta' khlaaii| isa dRSTi se ukta saMskRta evaM prAkRta : bhASAoM ke vikAsa kA srota eka hI hai arthAt donoM sagI bahaneM haiN| donoM meM antara kevala yahI hai ki chAndas se vikasita bhASA ke rUpa ko cUki maharSi pANini ne vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM meM bA~dha diyA. ataH saMskAra ho jAne se vaha saMskRta kahalAI, jaba ki prAkRta kA svAbhAvika arthAt janabhASA ( prAkRta ) kA hI rUpa banA rahA, yadyapi usameM deza, kAla evaM paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa nAnA prakAra ke parivartana avazya hote rhe| prAkRta-bhASA jana-sAmAnya kI lokapriya evaM svAbhAvika bola-cAla kI bhASA hone ke kAraNa hI bihAra ke mahAn sapUta lokanAyaka mahAvIra, buddha, samrATa azoka evaM kaliMga samrATa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #7
khArabela ne apane loka maMgalakArI sarvodayI Adarza vicAroM evaM AjJAoM kA pracAra-prasAra prAkRta-bhASA meM kiyaa| prAkRta ke janabhASAI rUpa evaM lokapriyatA ke kAraNa saMskRta ke prAyaH sabhI nAMTakakAroM-zUdraka, bhAsa, kAlidAsa Adi ne bhI apane saMskRta-nATakoM meM use sammAnita sthAna pradAna kiyaa| - prAkRta ke vyAkaraNa sambandhI siddhAntoM kI kucha carcA prAcIna Agama-granthoM meM milatI hai| unameM prAkRta-vyAkaraNa ke aneka granthoM kI carcA bhI AI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki prAkRtalakSaNa (maharSi pANini), aindra vyAkaraNa(indra), sadda-pAhuDa (ajJAta) prAkRta-vyAkaraNa ( samantabhadra), svayambhU-vyAkaraNa ( svayambhU ) prAkRta-sAhitya-ratnAkara (ajJAta ) Adi meM apane-apane DhaMga se prAkRta-vyAkaraNa sambandhI niyama likhe gae the kintu Aja ve grantha upalabdha nahIM haiN| jo upalabdha haiM unameM prAkRta-lakSaNa (caNDa) prAkRta-prakAza ( vararuci ) prAkRta-prakAza ko manoramA TIkA (bhAmaha) prAkRta-maMjarI (kAtyAyana), prAkRta saMjIvanI (vasantarAja), subodhinI (sadAnanda), siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana (prAcArya hemacanda) prAkRtAnuzAsana ( puruSottama ), prAkRtazabdAnuzAsana (trivikrama) SaDbhASA-candrikA ( lakSmIdhara) prAkRtarUpAvatAra (siMharAja ) prAkRtakalpataru ( rAmazarmAtarkavAgIza, prAkRtakAmadhenu (laMkezvara) prAkRta-candrikA (zeSakRSNa) prAkRtAnanda. ( raghunAthakavi) prAkRta-dIpikA ( caNDIdeva zarmA) prAkRtakalpalatikA (RSikeza) Adi pramukha haiN| inakA prakAzana adhunAtama vaijJAnika paddhati se ho cukA hai tathA deza-videza ke vizva vidyAlayoM meM pAThya-granthoM ke rUpa meM svIkRta haiN| prAkRta-vaiyAkaraNoM ne sthAna evaM kAla-bheda ke kAraNa prAkRtoM ke ardhamAgadhI, mAgadhI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI, paizAcI, For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #8
zAkArI, DhakkI, cANDAlI, AbhIrI evaM apabhraza jaise aneka bheda kie haiM tathA bhASA-vaijJAnikoM ne Adhunika bhAratIya-bhASAoM kI use jananI kahA hai| bihAra kI magahI, maithilI evaM bhojapurI bhASAoM kA bhI inhIM prAkRtoM se janma mAnA gayA hai| jarmana, aMgrejI, gujarAtI evaM hindI meM bhI Adhunika zailI meM prAkRta-vyAkaraNa ke aneka grantha likheM gae haiM kintu viSaya kI gambhIratA, niyamoM kI bahulatA, granthoM kI vizAlatA evaM unakI kImatoM kI adhikatA ke kAraNa prArambhika kakSAoM ke chAtra-chAtrAoM tathA sAmAnya jijJAsu pAThakoM kI pahuMca se dUra hone ke kAraNa ve kevala vidvadbhogya hI bana sake, sarvabhogya nahIM bana paae| isa kAraNa prArambhika chAtroM ke sammukha bar3I kaThinAIyA~ AtI rahI haiN| isIlie usa riktatA kI pUrti hetu apane sahayogI prAdhyApakoM evaM sAhitya-premI bandhuoM kI preraNA se prastuta laghupustikA ko taiyAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM prAkRta ke prArambhika chAtroM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI kevala prArambhika, upayogI tathA Avazyaka viSayoM tathA niyamoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / vizvAsa haiM ki yaha prayAsa prAkRta ke jijJAsuoM ke jJAnasaMbarddhana meM sahAyaka hogA! ise kama samaya meM taiyAra karanA par3A hai aura sthAnIya presa meM hI mudrita karAyA gayA hai| sAvadhAnI baratane para bhI usameM aneka truTiyoM aura azuddhiyoM kI sambhAvanA hai| inake lie maiM sAdara kSamAyAcanA karate hue vidvAn pAThakoM se unakI sUcanA evaM sujhAva Amantrita karatA hU~, jisase ki agale saMskaraNa meM unakA sadupayoga kiyA jA ske| dinAMka 21-1-1960 mahAjana TolI naM0 2, pArA -rAjArAma jaina (bihAra) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #9

Page #10
pahalA pATha varNamAlA (Alphabet) kisI bhI bhASA kI mUla dhvaniyoM tathA unakI prakRtiyoM yA cinhoM ko varNaM kahate haiM aura kisI bhI zabda - gaThana yA padasaMracanA ke lie ye varNa-cinha anivArya mAne gae haiM / ina varNo ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai / Somed ka. svara-varNa isake antargata ve varNaM prAte haiM, jinake uccAraNa meM anya varNoM kI sahAyatA kI apekSA nahIM hotI / prAkRta-vyAkaraNa ke anusAra prAkRta ke svara varNa nimna prakAra haiM -- (1) hrasva svara - pra. i. u. (2) dIrgha svara pra. I. U. e. pro. dhyAtavya - prAkRta bhASA meM R, ai, auau evaM aH svara varNa nahIM pAe. jAte / kha. vyaJjana varNa prAkRta - vyAkaraNa ke niyamAnusAra vyaJjana varNa ve haiM, jinake uccAraNa meM svara-varNoM kI sahAyatA apekSita ho / ye vyaJjana varNa nimna prakAra haiM : ka varga - ka. kh g gh. ca - varga - ca. cha. j. jhu. Ta-varga-da. Th D Dh Na. ( mUrdhanya ) ( kaNThya) (tAlavya) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #11
( 2 ) ta-varga - t th d dh n. ( dantya ) paM varga - p ph b bh m. ( zroSThya) - y. r l. v. ( zrantastha ) s, ha, (USma) (anusvAra) * (anunAsika) evaM - dhyAtavya (a) prAkRta bhASA meM visarga ( : ) sthAna meM "o" svara ho jAtA hai / jaiserAmaH- rAmo / saH - so / nahIM hotA / usake (prA) sAmAnya prAkRta meM 'Ga' evaM 'na kA prayoga nahIM hotA / unake sthAna para anusvAra ( 2 ) kA prayoga hotA hai / jaise aGka - aMka, / paJca - paMca | (i) zaurasenI evaM mAgadhI prAkRta ko chor3akara sarvatra z, S evaM s ke sthAna meM 's' kA prayoga hotA hai| jaise-- vizeSa :- viseso; harivaMza :- harivaMso; eSaNA - esaNA, Adi / dUsarA pATha prAkRta bhASA ke sAmAnya niyama dhvani parivartana ( varNa-vikAra) ke sAmAnya niyama prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke anusAra ise do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai / .. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #12
1. svara-svani-parivartana- . . (1) AcArya hemacandra dvArA likhita prAkRta -vyAkaraNa ke niyamAnusAra prAkRta-bhASA meM R, ai, au, tathA aH ko chor3a kara zeSa svara vahI hote haiM, jo ki saMskRta meN| prAkRta-bhASA meM R ke sthAna para ri, a, i tathA u varNoM kA prayoga hotA hai| jaiseR = ri - RSiH . = risi, a - mRtaH = mano, miyo mRga. = miyo, mitro, mo. Rtu: = uu, = ai - kailAzaH = kailAso, , = kelAso rauravaH = rauravo, , , - gauravaH = gauravo " , - kauravaH = kauravo , o - yauvanam = jovvaNaM, (2) kahIM-kahIM zabda ke prArambha meM hrasva 'a' kA lopa ho jAtA hai / jaise - araNyam = raNNaM / idAnIm = dANiM (3) hrasva-svara, dIrgha-svaroM meM badala jAtA hai| jaise duzzAsanaH = duusaasnno| pazyati = passai prazvaH . = praaso| . varSaH = vAso siMhaH = siiho| prakaTaH = pAyaDo vizrAmaH = vIsAmo. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #13
( 4 ) (4) dI-svara, hrasva-svara meM badala jAtA hai| jaise - . cUrNaH = cunnnno| patigRhaM = paIharaM . Amra = ambN| nIlotpalam = nIluppalaM vyaJjana-parivartana-- prAkRta-bhASA meM zabda ke prArambha meM Ane vAle na, ya, za aura Sa ko chor3akara anya sabhI vyaJjanoM meM sAmAnyatayA koI parivartana nahIM hotaa| ukta 'na' Adi cAra vyaJjanoM meM nimna prakAra parivartana ho jAtA hai| yathA :--- na =Na -- nagaraM = nnyrN| nadI = Nai ,,,, - naraH = nnro| yamunA =jauNA. ja - yazaH = jsho| yatiH = jaI za=sa - zabdaH = sddo| zyAmA = sAmA ... Sa=sa - SaDjaH = sjjo| SaNDhaH = saMDho (1) zabda ke madhya athavA antameM rahane vAle svara se pare tathA anya kisI vyaJjana se saMyoga rahita k. ga. c. j. t. d, p . ya, va, kA prAyaH lopa ho jAtA hai, kintu, unake svara zeSa bace raha jAte haiM tathA lupta vyaJjana ke avaziSTa 'a' svara ke sthAna para kahIM-kahIM ya-zruti hotI hai| jaise : ka-sukhakaraH = shyro-suharo| . sakala:- sayalo-saalo ga-nagaram =Naya rN-nnprN| / sAgaraH = sAyaro-sAaro For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #14
ca-sahacaraH = sahaya ro, sharo| " vAcaNA=vAyaNA, vAraNA , vacanaM = vayaNaM, vaaNaM ja-pUjA =pUyA, puumaa| ... ,, bhujA = bhuyA, bhunaa| rAjA-rAyo, raamro| ta-pitA=piyA, piyaa| mAtA-mAyA, mAyA da-bhedaH=bheyo, bhyo| kadambaH = kayaMbo, kabo madanaH-mayaNo, mapraNo pa-ripuH =riuu| vipulam-viUlaM, ya-prayojanam = payoyaNaM, poaNaM / vAyu-vAU, va-prAvRSaH = pAuso (vrssaaRtu)| divasaH =diyahoM ,diaho apavAdayahA~ 'prAya': zabda vaikalpika haiM arthAt kahIM-kahIM lopa nahIM hotaa| jaise : sukusumaM =sukusumaM; piyagamaNaM =piyagamaNaM; sacAvaM = sacAvaM, vijaNaM = vijaNaM, atulaM = atulaM, Adaro= Adaro Adi / isI prakAra saMga mo, akko, kAlo, Adi meM bhI ukta niyama lAgU nahIM hotaa| (2) mA evaM u svaroM ke bAda Ane vAle 'pa, kA 'va' ho jAtA hai| jaise pApaM = paavN| upAya: = uvaayo| upahAsaH = uvhaaso| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #15
(3) prAkRta bhASA meM svara se pare asaMyukta tathA anAdi arthAt zabdoM ke madhya athavA anta meM Ane vAle kha, gh, th, ph, evaM bha ke sthAna meM 'ha, ho jAtA hai / jaisekha-nakham =nnhN| mukham =muhaM / . . skhii=shii| vizAkhA=visAhA / ' lekhaH = leho| mekhalA=mehalo gha-meghaH =meho| laghuH =lahU th-tathA =thaa| yathA =jahA - nAthaH =nnaaho| kathA = kahA. dhU-vadhiraH =bhiro| sAdhuH =sAhU madhu =mhu| magadhaM=magahaM. bh-prbhaa=phaa| sabhA =sahA / prAbharaNam = aahrnnN| apavAdanimnalikhita zabdoM meM yaha niyama lAgU nahIM hotAsaMkho (zaMkhaH), saMgho (saMgha,) kathA (kathA) gajjato (garjayan) adhIro (adhIraH) adhaNNo(adhanyaH) Adi. . (4) svara se pare asaMyukta evaM anAdi Ta, Tha, D, n evaM 'b ke sthAna meM nimnalikhita parivartana hote haiM / jaise : T =Da-bhaTaH = bhaDo (yoddhA, ldd'aakuu)| ghaTa:=ghaDo . Th =Dha-kamaThaH =kmddho| paThati paDhAi il-gruddH=grulo| taDAgaH talAgo n =Na-vadanam == vayaNaM / vanam = vaNaM / nagaram =NayaraM bva-sabalaH = svlo| nirbl:=nivvlo| . For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #16
apavAdayaha niyama nimna zabdoM para lAgU nahIM hotA-ghaMTA, vaikuMTho (vaikuNThaH), moMDaM (muNDam) khaTTA, ciTThai, ThAi (sthAyI), aTai (aTaMti), (5) madhya athavA antyavartI 'za' evaM 'Sa' ke sthAna meM 'sa' ho jAtA hai| jaise vizeSaH = viseso| deza: =deso kaSAyaH = ksaao| puruSaH=puriso sayukta vyaJjana parivartana: prAkRta-bhASA meM vijAtIya saMyukta-vyaMjanoM ke sthAna meM sajAtIya saMyukta-vyaJjana ho jAtA hai| (ka) vijAtIya saMyukta-vyaMjana vaha kahalAtA hai, jisameM bhinna-bhinna vargoM ke vividha varNoM ke mela se zabda banatA hai| jaise : kaSTa, vidyA, kakSA, paatr| yahA~ kaSTa meM ''-USma varNa hai evaM 'Ta' Tavarga kA varNa hai| vidyA meM 'd'-tavarga kA hai evaM 'ya' antastha varNa kA hai| kakSA (k + + A =kSA) meM 'ka'-kavarga kA evaM'Sa' -USma varNa kA hai| pAtra meM 'tra'-tavarga kA evaM 'ra'-antastha varNa kA hai| (kha) sajAtIya saMyukta-vyaMjana: vaha hai, jisameM eka hI varga ke vargoM ke milane se zabda athavA pada kA gaThana ho| yahA~ vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa hetu vijAtIya evaM saMyukta vyaMjanoM ke tulanAtmaka For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #17
/ udAharaNa prastuta kie jA rahe haiM : vijAtIya rUpa- sajAtIya rUpa vidyA-(d +y+A) - vijjaa| avadyam (d=y +a) - avajja / / kaSTa:-(S + T) - kaTTho naSTa:--(+T) - naTTho kakSA-(k ++pA=kSA) kakkhA pAtraH-(t / r +a) - patto chAtraH-(t + r : a) - chatto adya:-(d +y) . - ajjo (1) saMjJA kI pratIti karAne vAle zabdoM meM 'ka', 'ska . evaM 'kSa' ke sthAna meM 'kha' ho jAtA hai| jaise puSkaram-pokharaM athavA pokkharaM (tAlAba) niSkam-nikkha (prAcIna sikkA) skandhaH-khaMdho (kandhA) skndhaavaar:--khNdhaavaaro| kSatriya:-khattio (2) 'ica', 'tsa' evaM 'psa' ke sthAna meM 'ccha' ho jAtA hai| jaise : Azcaryam = acchariyaM, accha raM / utsAhaH = ucchaaho| apsarA = acchraa| lipsati = licchai / (3) 'STa' ke sthAna meM 'Tu' ho jAtA hai| jaise-- aSTama =attr| kaSTaM = kaTU. naSTa: = nttttho| yaSTi: = laTThI.. iSTaH = ittttho| puSTa:=puTTo. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #18
(4) samasta evaM stambha zabdoM ko chor3akara anya zabdoM ke 'sta ke sthAna meM 'ttha athavA 'ccha ho jAtA hai| jaise prazastaH =psttho| prastaraH-pattharo (patthara) matsaraH = mcchro| vatsaH=vaccho hastaH = httho| stotram =thottaM / (5) 'pa', 'spa' ke sthAna meM 'pha' athavA 'pha' ho jAtA haiN| jaise : puSpam = puppha / sparzaH = phNso| spaMdanaM = phaMdaNaM (6) 'thya' ke sthAna meM 'ccha ho jAtA hai / jaise : pathyam = paccha / mithyaa=micchaa| ... (7) 'jJa' ke sthAna meM 'Na' athavA Na ho jAtA hai| jaise- . prajJA=paNNA / sarvajJaH = savvaNNU saMjJA =saNNA / aajnyaa=aannaa| jJAnam =NANaM / vijJAnam = "viNNANaM / .. (8) 'dhya' ke sthAna meM 'jh'| yathA dhyAnam = jhaannN| upAdhyAyaH uvajjhAyo. madhyam =majjhaM / vindhyaH=vijjho. (6) 'mna' ke sthAna meM 'paNa' / yathA-.. pradya mnaH=pajjuNNo / nimnam =niNNaM. (10) 'kSa' ke sthAna meM 'kha', kkha 'cha' evaM 'jha' hote haiN| jaise : kSayaH khyo| lakSaNam =lakkhaNaM . kssmaa=khmaa| kSINam = khINaM, jhINaM kSudhA-chuhA, khuhA. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #19
(11) saMyukta 'yya', 'ya', 'dha' ke sthAna meM 'jja' hotA hai| jaise: - shyyaasejjaa| kAryam =kajjaM paryantam = pjjtN| AryA=ajjA bhAryA bhjjaa| madyam =mjj| vidyaa=vijjaa| udyAnam =ujjANaM (12) 'ina', 'Na', 'sna', 'ha', 'ha' 'kSaNa ke sthAna meM 'Nha' ho jAtA hai jaise : praznaHpaNho / kRSNaH knnho| uSNaH=uNho snAnam =NhANaM / jyotsnA=johA / vhniH-vhii| snAyu:=NhAU / pUrvAhnam = puvvnnho| aparAhnaH-avaroho / tIkSNam = tiNheM / (13) 'pa' ke sthAna meM 'ha' hotA hai| jaise : kArSApaNaH=kAhAvaNo (14) 'tma' ke sthAna meM 'ppa' ho jAtA hai| jaise : __AtmA=appA (15) 'hai', 'za', 'ba', 'ya' kI repha ke sthAna meM 'ri' ho jAtA hai| jaise :- .. garhA=garihA / prAdarzaH-Ayariso darzanam = drisnnN| varSam =varisaM aacaary:=paayriyo| sUryaH =sUrio * anya Avazyaka niyama (16) prAkRta-bhASA meM halanta zabda kA prayoga nahIM hotA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #20
( 11 ) jaise :-saMyukta 'nma' ke sthAna meM 'mm'| yathA- ... janmaH jmmo| manmathaH mmmho| (17) saMyukta zma, Sma, sma evaM hma ke sthAna meM 'mha' / yathA kaashmiirH=kmhaaro| grISmaH=gimho / asmAhazaH prmhaariso| * brhmaa=bmhaa| braahmnnH=bmhnno| (18) zIla (svabhAva, Adata) dharma (guNa) evaM sAdhu (nipuNa) artha meM jo pratyaya Ate haiM, unake sthAna meM 'ira' Adeza hotA hai| hasaNazIlaH=ha siro| lajjAzIlaH ljjiro| bhramaNazIlaH= bhmiro| (16) 'ktvA' pratyaya ke sthAna meM tum, at, tUNa evaM tuprANa - Adeza hote haiN| yathA ktvA tum-dagdhvA-daddha; muktvA = motta ktvA = at-bhramitvA-bhamitra / ktvA-tUNa-grahItvA-ghetta Na / kRtvA-kAUNa ktvA tuANa-bhuktvA-bhotta prANa. . .. (20) matup pratyaya ke sthAna meM pAlu, illa, ulla, pAla, vaMta, maMta evaM itta Adeza hote haiN| yathA : IrSyAvAn = IsAlu / nidrAvAn =NiddAlu zobhAvAn =sohillo| vikAravAn =vibhaarillo| vikAravAn = viprArullo / . rasavAn = rasAlo / jyotsnAvAn =joNhAlo / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #21
( 12) dhanavAn =dhnnvNto| punnyvaan=punnnnvNto| mAnavAn =mANavato. dharman =dhammaM / naSTam =NaTuM / dIpam = dIvaM (21) prAkRta-bhASA meM zabda ke prArambha meM prAyaH saMyukta vyaMjanoM ke prayoga nahIM milte| jaise : svbhaavH=shaavo| snehH=nneho| nyAyaH=NAyo graamH=gaamo| dAraMvAraM, dAraM / svaraH saro (22) svara-bhakti-vyaMjana ko kisI svara se vibhAjita karake jaba use svarayukta vyaMjana banA diyA jAya: tava isa prakriyA ko svara-bhakti kahate haiN| jaise : kriyaa=kiriyaa| varSaH =vriso| . . . hrssH-hriso| snehH=sinneho| . praacaaryH=paayriyo| shlokH=siloro| (23) prAkRta-bhASA meM dvivacana kA prayoga nahIM hotaa| kevala eka vacana evaM bahu vacana kA hI prayoga kiyA jAtA / dvivacana ko bahu vacana ke antargata hI mAna liyA gayA hai| (24) prAkRta-vyAkaraNa ke niyamAnusAra prAkRta-bhASA meM kevala chaha vibhaktiyA~ hI hotI haiN| kyoMki usameM caturthI evaM SaSThI vibhakti eka samAna hotI hai| ataH unheM isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai-prathamA, dvitIyA, tRtIyA, caturthI evaM SaSThI, paMcamI evaM sptmii| (25) prAkRta meM liMga tIna prakAra ke pAe jAte haiN| (ka). pulliMga (kha) strIliMga (ga) npuNsk-liNg| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #22
saralIkaraNa kI pravRti ke kAraNa napuMsaka-liMga kI saMjJAeM prAyaH pulliga athavA strIliMga meM mizrita milatI haiN| pulliMga-saMjJAe akArAnta, ikArAnta aura ukArAnta milatI haiM tathA strIliMga kI saMjJAeM akArAnta, ikArAnta, IkArAnta, ukArAnta evaM / UkArAnta milatI haiN| tIsarA pATha sandhiyA~ sandhi evaM saMyoga kI paribhASA:do varNoM ke mela se utpanna hone vAle varNa-vikAra ko sandhi kahate haiM tathA do vargoM ke binA vikRti ke hI mila jAne ko saMyoga kahate haiN| prAkRta meM sandhi kI vyavasthA vaikalpika milatI hai, ' nitya nhiiN| jaise-dadhIzvaraH zabda ko sandhi hokara dahIsaro rUpa bhI milatA hai tathA dahi-Isaro bhii| sandhi-bheda :-prAkRta-vyAkaraNa ke anusAra sandhiyA~ tIna prakAra kI haiM :-1. svara-sandhi 2. vyaMjana sandhi, evaM 3. avyaya-sandhi vizeSa :-prAkRta meM visarga kA prayoga nahIM hotaa| ataH usameM visarga sandhi nahIM hotii| (1) svara-sandhi :--do atyanta nikaTa svaroM ke milane se dhvani meM jo varNa-vikAra utpanna hotA hai, use For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #23
( 14 ) svara - sandhi kahate haiM / ise ac- sandhi athavA savarNasvara - sandhi bhI kahate haiM / isa sandhi ke 4 bheda haiM :(i) dIrgha svara - sandhi : use kahate haiM, jisameM hrasva yA dIrgha zra. i aura u svara se yadi unakA sva-savarNa svara pare (arthAt bAda meM) rahe, to donoM ke sthAna meM vikalpa se savarNa - dIrgha hotA hai / jaise : (ka) a + a = Agara + ahivA = NarAhivA, paraahivA, ( narAdhipaH ) daMDa + grahIso = daMDAhIso, daMDa = zrahIso, ( daNDAdhIzaH ) a + A = A + prAMganI = NAgao, Na - Ago - ( nAgataH ) Na + Alavai = NAlavai, Na - pralavai ( nAlapati ) A + a = zrA - ramA + prahINI = ramAhINo, ramA prahINo ( ramAdhInaH ) A + A = - ramA + ArAmo = ramArAmo, ramA ArAmo (kha) i + i = I muNi + iNo muNINo, muNi- iNo ( munInaH ) i + I = I muNi + Isaro = muNIsaro, muNi - isaro ( munIzvaraH ) I + i = I-gAmaNI + iihAso = gAmaNI ihAso, gAmaNI iihAso For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #24
I-I puhavI+ Iso puhavIso, puhavI Iso . (pRthivIzaH) u+uU-bhANu+uvajjhAno= bhANUvajjhAo, bhANu uvajjhAyo(bhAnUpAdhyAyaH) u+U=U-sAhu +Usavo sAhUsavo (sAdhUtsavaH) sAhu Usavo U+3=U-bahU + uaraMvahUaraM, vahU upara (vadhUdaraM) U+U=u-kaNerU +UsigraMkaNerUsiya, kaNerU Usidha (ii) guNa-svara-sandhi : isa sandhi ko asavarNa svara-sandhi bhI kahate haiN| isameM a aura prA ke bAda prasavarNa hrasva athavA dIrgha I aura U ho, to donoM ke sthAna meM kramazaH e aura pro guNAdeza ho jAtA hai| yaha niyama vaikalpika hai arthAt kahIM guNAdeza hotA hai aura kahIM-kahIM nahIM bhI hotA hai| jaise :(ka) a+i=e-vAsa + isIvAsesI, vAsaisI / (vyAsaRSi) prA+i=e-rAmA + iyaro= rAmearo, rAmA iaro (rAmetaraH) +I-e-diNa+Iso diNeso, diNa Iso (dinezaH) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #25
. A+Ie-jAyA + Iso jAyeso, jAyAIso (jAyezaH) a - u=o gUDha + ugraraMgUDhoaraM, gUDha uaraM (gUDhodaram) A+upro -ramA + uvaciaM= ramovacigraM, ramA-uvacigraM a+U=o-sAsa+UsAsA =sAsosAsA, sAsa-usAsA (zvAsocchvAsA) yA+U=o-vijjulA-+ Usu bhiaM= vijjulosubhinaM, vijjulA-Usu bhiaM isI prakAra :a+ee Na+eva=Naeva ( naiva ) A+e=e tahA--eva taheva ( tathaiva ) a+o=o jala ---aoho=jaloho ( jalaughaH) A+o=o pahA+oli=paholi (prabhAvalI: ) hrasva-dIrgha svara-sandhi :prAkRta-vyAkaraNa ke niyamAnusAra prAkRta ke sAmAsika padoM meM vikalpa se hrasva-svaroM kA dIrgha evaM dIrgha svaroM kA hrasva ho jAtA hai| jaise :(ka) hrasva-svara kA dIrgha-aMta+veI=aMtAveI, aMtaveI. satta+vIsA=sattAvIsA; sattavIsA.. pai+haraMpaIharaM; paiharaM. (sa) dIrgha-svara kA hrasva-maNA+silAmaNasilA; maNAsilA. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #26
( 17 ) , NaI+sotta=NaisottaM; NaIsottaM. ... gorI+haraMgoriharaM; gorIharaM. jaU~DA+yaDaM=jaU~NayaDaM; jaNAyaDaM. (iv) prakRtibhAva athavA sandhi-niSedha svara-sandhi : sandhi kA niSedha honA arthAt sandhi kA nahIM honA hI prakRtibhAva kahalAtA hai| isameM do svaroM kA mela nahIM hotaa| yaha prakRtibhAva saMskRta kI apekSA prAkRta meM pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hotA hai| udAharaNArtha :-- (ka) i evaM u kI vijAtIya-svara ke sAtha sandhi nahIM hotI / jese : i+apahAvali+aruNopahAvali aruNo. . vi+avin| jAi + aMdhojAi aMdho u+a-bahu +avaUDho=bahu-avaUDho (kha) e aura pro ke prAge yadi koI svara-varNa ho to unameM sandhi nahIM hotii| jaise :-- e+a-vaNe --aDaivaNe aDai... pro+prA-rukkhAdo+Apro= rukkhAdo prAao. o+e-egro+ettha =epro-ettha. o+a-aho+acchariaM=aho acchariaM (ga) udvatta svara kI kisI bhI svara ke sAtha sandhi nahIM hotii| jaise :nisA+aro-nisAro (nizAcaraH) gaMdha + uDigaMdhauDi (gandhakuTim) rayaNI+arorayaNIaro (rajanIkaraH) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #27
( 18 ) (gha) svara-varNa ke pare rahane para usake pahale ke svara kA vikalpa se lopa ho jAtA hai| jaise :- . rAma+ulaMrAulaM rAaulaM ( rAjakulam ), nIsAsa-+-UsAsA=nIsAsUsAsA, nIsAsaUsAsA. nara+idonariMdo, naraido (narendra:). mahA+ido mahiMdo, mahAi do . ukta udAharaNoM meM sarvatra vijAtIya svaroM meM pArasparika sandhi na hone se prakRti-bhAva spaSTa rUpa se dekhane ko milatA hai, kintu kahIM-kahIM apavAda bhI pAe jAte haiM aura sandhi ke vaikalpika athavA nitya rUpa bhI milate haiN| jaise :(ka) vaikalpika sandhi : anA =kubha+Aro=kubhAro; kubhanAro. loha+Aro=lohAro; lohAro. a+Itiyasa+IsotiyasIso; tiyasaIso. u+usu + uriso=sUriso;suuriso. (kha) nitya sandhi : . a+prA=cakka+prAro-cakkAo (cakravAkaH). saal+paahnno=saalaahnno| (2) vyaJjana-sandhi : vyaJjana-varNa ke sAtha vyaJjana athavA svara ke mela se jo vikAra utpanna hotA hai, use vyaJjana-sandhi kahate haiN| jaise dhanaM+eva dhaNameva / kintu prAkRta ke vaiyAkaraNoM ne vyajaMna-sandhi kA vizeSa vicAra nahIM kiyaa| kyoMki prAkRta meM prAyaH vyaJjanoM meM sandhi nahIM hotii| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #28
( 16 ) vyajanoM kA lopa hone para jo svara zeSa raha jAte haiM, unameM svara-sandhi ke samAna hI sandhi-kArya hotA hai| phira bhI, usake kucha niyama isa prakAra batalAe / gae haiM : hrasva 'a' ke bAda Ae hue visarga ke sthAna meM usa pUrva ___ ke 'a' ke sAtha 'yo ho jAtA hai| jaise : agrtH=aggo| purataH=puro / bhvtH=bhvno| kha) zabda yA pada ke anta meM rahane vAle 'ma' ke sthAna meM anusvAra ho jAtA hai| jaise : devam =devaM / girim =giri. (ga) 'ma' ke bAda meM Ane vAle svara ke rahane para usa 'ma' ke sthAna para vikalpa se anusvAra ho jAtA hai| jaise: yam +pAhu=yamAhu, yaM Ahu; dhanam + eva=dhaNameva; dhaNaM eva / (gha) jahA~ Adi-svara vAle do pada eka sAtha AveM, vahA~ una donoM padoM ke madhya meM vikalpa se 'm' ho jAtA hai / jaiseH ekka+ekka=ekkamekkaM; ekkekkaM / ekka+ekkeNa=ekkamekkeNa; ekkekkeNa / (ca) zabda yA pada ke bIca meM Ane vAle D, a Na, evaM na ke sthAna meM anusvAra ho jAtA hai| jaise : parAGa mukhaH prNmuho| kaJcukaH=kaMcupro. ssnnmukhH=chmuho| prArambhaHprAraMbho, apavAda :kahIM kahIM antyavartI vyaJjana kA lopa na hokara paravartI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #29
/ 20 ) svara ke sAtha usakI sandhi ho jAtI hai| jaise : kim + ihN=kimihN| punar + api-puNaravi / prAkRta-vyAkaraNa ke niyamAnusAra prAyaH anusvAra kA lopa bhI ho jAtA hai| jaise :- sNskaarH=skkaaro| saMskRtaM sakkayaM / visti=viisaa| triNsht=tiisaa| (ja) kahIM kahIM prathama, dvitIya evaM tRtIya varNa para anusvAra kA Agama ho jAtA hai| jaise :-- vakram =baMkaM / darzanam =dasaNaM / ih=ihN| mnsvii=mnnNsii| upri=uri| sammukhamasammuhaM / (jha) ktvA pratyaya ke prAkRta ke tUNa, tuprANa, UNa evaM uprANa ke 'Na' para anusvAra ho jAtA hai| jaise : kAuNa=kAUNaM / kAupANa=kAuANaM / isI prakAra tRtIyA ekavacana, SaSThI bahuvacana ke 'Na' para tathA saptamI bahuvacana ke 'su' para bhI anusvAra ho jAtA hai| jaise :- . teNa tennN| kAleNa=kAleNaM / vcchesu=vcchesu| (3) avyaya sandhi : -. avyaya-padoM meM paraspara meM sandhi ho jAne ko avyayasandhi kahate haiN| yadyapi yaha sandhi bhI svara-sandhi ke antargata AtI hai tathApi avyaya-sandhi ke viSaya meM kucha vizeSa vicAra karane kI dRSTi se yahA~ kucha niyamoM kA vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai : For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #30
( 21 ) (a) pUrva - pada ke bAda Ae hue svara kA vikalpa se lopa ho :-- jAtA hai tathA 'pa' ke sthAna meM 'va' ho jAtA hai / jaise : kena + api = keNavi; keNAvi. ko + api = kovi; ko avi. tam + api = taMvi; tamavi. kim + api = kivi; kimaMdi. (prA) antima pada ke Adya 'i' kA vikalpa se lopa tathA pada ke antake 'ta' kA dvitva ho jAtA hai / jaise :dIsai + iti = dIsaitti; dIsai iti. tahA + iti = tahatti, tahA iti jai + imA = jaimA; jai imA. (i) yadi 'iti' zabda avyaya-pada ke prArambha meM Ave to usake sthAna meM 'ina' hogA | jaise :iti vindhyaguphAmadhye = ina vijjhaguhAmajjhe kA prayoga ho to usake jaise gehaM + iva gehUM va. - (I) yadi anusvAra ke bAda 'iva' sthAna meM 'va' ho jAtA hai| ( u ) yadi svara ke bAda 'iva' kA prayoga ho taba usake sthAna meM 'vva' ho jAtA hai / jaise- caMdo iva= caMdo vva. cauthA pATha kRdanta kRta pratyaya :- dhAtutroM se saMjJA-vizeSaNa avyaya Adi banAne ke lie jina pratyayoM ko dhAtuoM ke sAtha jor3A jAtA hai, unheM kRt-pratyaya kahate haiM aura una pratyayoM ke For Private and Personal Use Only 3

Page #31
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra dhAtu. has dhAtu - se haMsane artha meM ( 22 ) jur3ane se jo saMjJA, vizeSaNa prAdi rUpa banate haiM, unheM hI kRdanta kahA gayA hai / prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke niyamAnusAra ina kRdantoM kA nimna prakAra vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| (1) vartamAnakAlika kRdanta : -- isa kRdanta meM kisI kArya ke lagAtAra hote rahane kI sUcanA milatI hai| jaise :hasato = ha~satA huA, calaMto = calatA huA / isa artha meM dhAtu ke sAtha (i) nta (zartR) (ii) mANa ( zAnac ), evaM (iii) I pratyaya jor3a jAte haiM / prathama do pratyaya puliMga evaM napuMsaka liMga meM tathA tIsarA pratyaya strIliMga kA sUcaka hotA hai / isameM 'I' ke sthAna meM kahIM kahIM 'ntI' evaM 'mANi' kA prayoga bhI pAyA jAtA hai / nta, mANa evaM I pratyaya ke pUrva meM Ane vAle 'a' svara ke sthAna meM vikalpa se 'e' ho jAtA hai / saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke niyamAnusAra parasmaipadI dhAtUmoM meM zaTa pratyaya evaM prAtmanepadI dhAtuoM tathA karmaNi prayoga meM zAnaca ( yAna athavA mAna ) prapyayoM kA vidhAna hai / lekina prAkRta vyApAra meM vaha niyama lAgU nahIM hotA / isake udAharaNArtha kucha kRdanta rUpa yahAM prastuta kie jA rahe haiM : --- pratyaya (nta) (zata) (mANa ( zAnac ) www.kobatirth.org - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir pulliMga hasaMto, hato napuMsakaliMga hasaMtaM, haseMtaM, hasamANoH hasamANaM hasemANo hamA For Private and Personal Use Only strIliMga - (I) hasaMtI, hasaMtI (I) hasamANI, (I) hasamANI, -

Page #32
( 23 ) bhU>ho= nta (zata) hoto, hotaM (I) hogaI, hone ke hoeMto hoeMtaM hoei artha meM mANa (zAnac) hopramANo, hopramANaM hopramANI, hoemANo hoemANaM hoemANI isI prakAra gam (gacchaMto), pA (pAaMto) cala (calaMto) dA (daMto) Adi kRdanta rUpa bhI jAnanA caahie| vartamAnakAlika kRdanta kA vargIkaraNa nimna prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai :(ka) karmaNi vartamAna kRdanta :-isa kRdanta meM dhAtu meM karmavAcya ke pratyaya (Ia, ijja) jIr3akara usI ke sAtha nta, mANa evaM I pratyaya jor3a dete haiM / jaise :-has dhAtu se hasa + Ia+nta +o hsiiaNto| has + Ia+mANa + pro=hsiiprmaanno| hasa + ijja+nta -- o= hasijjato. hasijjamANo aadi| (kha) mAvi vartamAna kRdanta :-isameM bhAvi pratyaya (Ina, ijja) jor3akara usI ke sAtha nta, mANa pratyaya jor3e jAte haiN| jaise :-bhaN (kahanA) dhAtu se 'bhaN + Ina + nta = bhaNIaMtaM, bhaNIpramANaM / bhaNa+ ijja+nta = bhaNijjaMtaM, bhnnijjmaannN| . (ga) preraka kartari vartamAna kRvanta :-isameM dhAtu ke preraka (a, e, pAva, Ave pratyayAnta) rUpa meM nta, mANa aura I pratyaya jor3ane para kartRvAcya meM preraNArthaka vartamAna kRdanta ke rUpa bana jAte haiN| jaise has dhAtu For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #33
( 24 ) se.hAsaMto, hAseto; hAsamANo, hAsemANo, hasAvaMto, hasAveto, hasAvamANo, hasAvemANo Adi / isI prakAra kR dhAtu (kara) ke kAraMto, kArato, karAvaMto Adi rUpa bhI banate haiN| (gha) preraka karmaNi vartamAna kRdanta :-isameM dhAtu meM preraka pratyaya (a, e, pAva, Ave) jor3akara usake sAtha karma-pratyaya (Ia, ijja ) jodd'eN| usake bAda nta, mANa aura I pratyaya jor3ane se ukta kRdanta ke rUpa bana jAte haiN| jaise :-has dhAtu se (has + aM+ Ina +nta = ) haasiiaNto| isI prakAra hAsIpramANo, hAsijjamANo, hasAvIaMto, hasIvIpramANo, hasA vijjato, hsaavijjmaanno| 2. bhUtakAlika kRdanta : prastuta kRdanta meM kisI kArya ke samApta ho jAne kI sacanA dene ke lie "a" kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| saMskRta-bhASA meM isake lie kta (t) evaM ktavatu (tavat ) pratyayoM ke prayoga milate haiN| isameM kucha prayoga aise milate haiM, jo saMskRta se dhvani-parivartana ke niyamoM se banAe gae haiN| usameM 'a' ko kahIM-kahIM 'da' aura 'ta' bhI ho jAtA hai| ataH prastuta kRdanta meM a, da athavA ta pratyayoM ke jur3ane se dhAtu ke anta ke 'a' ke sthAna meM 'i' ho jAtA hai| jaise :dhAtu . 'a' pratyaya 'da' pratyaya 'ta' pratyaya saMskRta rUpa paTh (paDha) paDhio paDhido paDhito paThitaH / paDhA) gam (gama) gamiyo gamido gamito gataH (gayA) kR (kara) kariyo karido karito kRtaH (kiyA) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #34
( 25 ) anya niyama (1) bhUta kRdanta ke kartRvAcya evaM karmavAcya meM koI vizeSa bheda nahIM pAyA jAtA / kintu kahIM-kahIM saMskRta ke karmaNi bhUtakRdanta meM 'va' jor3akara use pradarzita kiyA jAtA hai / jaise :- kR dhAtu se kaya + vaM = kayavaM ( kRtavAn ) / spRSTa dhAtu se puTTha + vaM puTuvaM ( spRSTavAn ) Adi / (2) preraNArthaka bhUta - kRdanta meM Avi aura i ( 'i' pratyaya hone para usake upAntya meM 'pra' ko 'A' hotA hai) pratyaya ke jor3ane ke bAda bhUta - kRdanta ke pratyaya dhAtu meM jor3ane se preraNArthaka bhUta - kRdanta ke rUpa banate haiM / jaise :- kR dhAtu se kara + Avi + a = karAvi ( karavAyA ) / has dhAtu se hasAvitraM ( haMsavAyA yA hasAyA ) / kara + i = kAriaM ( karAyA) Adi / (3) saMmbandha sUcaka bhUtakRdanta: isameM 'kara' athavA 'karake' isa artha meM athavA jaba eka kartA kI aneka kriyAeM hotI haiM, taba pUrvakAlika - kriyA-bodhaka dhAtusroM ke sAtha tu ( u ) evaM tUNa (UNa) Adi pratyaya jor3a die jAte haiM / tuprANa (utrANa), ittA, ittANa, Aya aura pratyayoM kA prayoga prAyaH ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM milatA haiM / ( 4 ) isameM yaha bhI dhyAtavya hai ki pratyayoM (Aya evaM Ae ko chor3akara) ke pUrva meM Ane vAle 'a' ko 'i' aura 'e' Adeza hote haiN| jaise :- has dhAtu se - For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #35
( 26 ) hasa+tu =hasitu, haseu (ha~sakara) hasa+ahasina, hasesa, (ha~sakara) hasa + tUNa-hasiUNa, hasiUNaM, haseUNaM _ (ha~sakara) hasa + tuprANa=hasiuprANa, NaM, haseuprANa, NaM gaha dhAtu se--gaha- Aya=gahAya (grahaNakara) 3. bhaviSya kRdanta : bhaviSya meM kisI kArya ke hote rahane kI sUcanA dene ke lie dhAtu meM 'issaMta,' 'issamANa' aura 'issaI' pratyaya jor3a die jAte haiN| inameM se issaI kevala strIliMga meM jor3A jAtA hai| yathArthataH vartamAna kAla ke pratyayoM meM bhaviSyat-kAla kA bodhaka 'issa' jor3ane se hI bhaviSyatkAlika pratyaya bana jAte haiN| jaise : has dhAtu se pulliga meM hasa+issaMta / yo hasissaMto hasa-+ issamANa+o hasissamANo tathA strIliMga meM hasa + issaI hasissaI rUpa banate haiN| 4. sambandha sUcaka bhUta-kRdanta : jaba kisI eka kartA kI aneka kriyAe~ hoM to pUrvakAlika kriyA kA bodha karAne vAlI dhAtu ke sAtha tu (u) tUNa (UNa Adi pratyaya jor3a die jAte haiN| jaisA ki pUrva meM kahA jA cukA hai ki tugrANa (uprANa, ittA, ittANa, Aya, tathA pAe pratyayoM kA prayoga ardhamAgadhI prAkRtAgamoM meM milate haiN| isake vividha rUpa banAne ke lie prAkRta-vaiyA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #36
( 27 ) karaNoM ne nimna niyama nirdhArita kie haiM :(ka) 'Aya' evaM 'Ae' ko chor3akara sambandha sUcaka bhUta kRdanta ke pratyayoM ke pUrva meM Ane vAle 'a' ko 'i' athavA 'e' Adeza hote haiN| jaise :- has+a+tu=hasiu, haseu has +a+a =hasina, hase. (kha) tUNa, tuANa aura ittANa pratyayoM ke 'Na' para vikalpa se anusAra hotA hai| jaise :hasa+tUNa=hasiUNaM, hasiUNa, haseUNaM, haseUNa.. hasa + tuANa=hasiupANaM, hasiuANa. hasa ---ittA hasittA, hasettA.. hasa + ittANa= hasittANaM, hasittANa, hasettANaM, hasettANa. isI prakAra anya dhAtuoM-jaise ho (hou, hoUNaM hoUNa) tathA bhaNa, nama, dA, kara, par3ha, ThA, aAdi ke bhI isI prakAra ke rUpa banate haiN| (ga) dhvaniyoM meM parivartana ho jAne se bhI zabda rUpa bana jAte haiN| jaise : vnditvaa-vNdittaa.| gatvA-gaccA, gattA. jJAtvA-NaccA / suptvA-suttA. (gha) preraNArthaka sambandha sucaka rUpa banAne ke lie preraNArthaka pratyaya jor3ane ke bAda tu, tUNa Adi pratyaya jor3e jAte haiN| jaise : For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #37
'( 28 ) kara + prAvi=karAvi+tUNa=karAviUNa (kArayitvA-karavAkara) 5. hetvarthaka athavA nimittArthaka kRdanta : jaba koI kriyA kisI anya kriyA ke nimita se ki jAtI hai, taba use ukta hetvarthaka athavA nimitArthaka kRdanta kahA jAtA haiN| isameM dhAtu ke sAtha "tu" ( uM) "du" evaM "ttae" pratyaya juTate haiN| inameM 'ttae' pratyaya kA prayoga ardhamAgadhI meM tathA 'du' pratyaya kA prayoga zaurasenI prAkRta meM pracuratA se milatA hai| isake sAmAnya niyama isa prakAra (ka) hetvarthaka kRt pratyayoM ke jur3ane para pUrva meM Ane vAle .. 'a' ke sthAna para 'i, aura 'e' Adeza ho jAte haiN| . jaise :- hasa dhAtu se - hasa+tu ( uM) = hasiuM, ... haseuM ( ha~sane ke lie)| hasa+du = hasidu, hsedu| hasa+ttaehasittae, hasettae (kha) preraNArthaka hetvarthaka kRdanta banAne ke lie preraNArthaka pratyaya ke sAtha hetvarthaka pratyaya jor3e jAte haiN| jaise :- hasa+prAvi+tu = hasAvitraM, 6. vidhyarthaka athavA kRtya pratyaya kRdanta : . 'cAhie' 'yogyatA' athavA 'vidhi' Adi arthoM meM tavva (avva ) aNijja aura prANI pratyaya hote haiM / saMskRta meM yahI pratyaya tavyat, anIyara Adi (tavya, kelimara, yat, kyap aura Nyat ) nAmoM se jAne jAte haiM / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #38
( 26 ) prAkRta meM vidhyarthaka pradhAna pratyaya 'aNijja' hai aura 'aNIa' kA prayoga mAgadhI, ardhamAgadhI evaM zaurasenI prAkRta meM bahulatA se milatA hai / . (ka) isameM yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki jaba dhAtu meM 'tavva' evaM 'davva' pratyaya jor3e jAte haiM, taba usake sAtha 'i' evaM 'e' Adeza ho jAte haiN| tathA 'ya' pratyaya ke sthAna para 'jja' ho jAtA hai| jaise :dhAtu tavva (avva)- aNijja- aNIyapratyaya pratyaya pratyaya zru dhAtu =suNa-suNaavvaM suNijjaM suNaNIgraM suNeavvaM jJA dhAtu =jANa-jANiavvaM jANaNija jANaNIaM jANeavvaM, dhR dhAtu =dhara- dharizravvaM dharaNijjaM dharaNIgraM dhareavvaM (kha) preraka vidhyarthaka kRdanta meM dhAtu meM preraka pratyaya ke sAtha vidhyartha pratyaya jor3A jAtA hai| jaise :- hasa + prAvi +tavva = hasAviavvaM / 7. zIladharma vAcaka (kartRvAcaka) kRdanta : zIladharma ( svabhAva ) sUcaka artha meM dhAtu ke sAtha 'ira' pratyaya lagatA hai| jaise :-hasa dhAtu se-hasa + ire-hasiro ( haMsane kI svabhAva vAlA) hasa+ira+pA -hasirA ( haMsane kI svabhAva vAlI),Adi For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #39
pA~cavA~ pATha taddhita-pratyaya-prakaraNa artha-vizeSa ko prakaTa karane ke lie jina pratyayoM ko saMjJA Adi zabdoM meM jor3A jAtA hai, unheM taddhita-pratyaya kahate haiN| ye taddhita-pratyaya sAmAnyatayA 10 prakAra ke mAne gae haiM, jo nimna prakAra haiM :1. apatyArthaka :- apatya (santAna-putra-putrI) artha ke prasaMga meM a, I, prAyaNa, eya, INa Adi pratyaya jor3e jAte hai| kisI vaMza athavA gotra meM utpanna pautra Adi ke lie bhI ina pratyayoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| jaise :a-vasudeva - a-vasudevassa ' apatta =vAsudevo ( vasudeva kA putra) I-dazaraha +I-dasa rahassa apatta =dAsa rahI ( dazaratha kA putra) prAyaNa-naDa-+-pAyaNa-naDassa apattaM =nADAyaNo ( naTa kA putra) ey-kulddaa| eya-kulaDAe apatta kolaDeyA ( kulaTA kA putra) INa-mahAula -- iNa---mahAulassa apatta = mahAulINo(mahAkula kA putra) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #40
2. tulanAtmaka-atizayArthaka: jaba kinhIM do kI tulanA meM kisI eka kA utkarSa athavA apakarSa dikhAyA jAtA hai, taba vizeSaNa-vAcaka zabda meM 'ara', tathA 'Iasa', evaM jaba do se adhika kI tulanA meM kisI eka kA utkarSa yA apakarpa pradarzita kiyA jAtA hai, taba 'ama' evaM 'iTTha' pratyaya kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| jaise :vizeSaNa ara ama pitra ( priya )- piapara - piagrama khudda (kSudra )- khuddAra - khuddaprama appa (alpa)- appara appaprama ahiya (adhika) ahiyaara ahiyaama vizeSaNaappa ( alpa) dhammI (dharmI) guru - Isa kaNIsa dhammIprasa garIprasa kaNi dhammiTTha gariTTha 3. matvarthIya: kisI vastu ke adhikArI kI (athati 'vAn' yA 'vAlA') sUcanA dene ke lie illa, Ulla, pAla, Alu, ira, vaMta, maMta, itta, maNa Adi pratyayoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| ina pratyayoM kA artha do prakAra se kiyA jAtA hai-(ka) "isake pAsa hai" ( tadasya asti) tathA (kha) "isameM hai" (tadasmin asti ) jaise : For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #41
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 4. illa - guNa + illa sohA + illa ulla - viyAra + ulla ira vaMta - maMta ( 32 ) Ala rasa + AAla = Alu - dayA + prolu = rasAlo dayAlU lajjA + Alu = lajjAlu gavva + ira= gavviro dhaNa + vaMta: dhaNavaMto 5. idamArthaka : + puNNamaMto puNNa + maMta: siri+maMta = sirimaMto kavva + itto = kavvaitto sohA + maNa sohAmaNo ( guNavAn ) guNillo sohillo ( zobhAvAn ) viyAllo ( vicAravAn / = imA - puppha + imA: laghu + imA taNa - phala - ttaNaM : mANusa + taNaM. : = itta maNa bhAvArthaka : bhAva vAcaka saMjJA banAne ke lie 'imA' aura 'ttaNa' pratyaya jor3e jAte haiM / 'imA' pratyaya strIliMga evaM 'taNa' pratyaya pulliMga evaM napuMsaka liMga meM prayukta hote haiM / jaise : ( rasavAn ) ( dayAvAn ) (lajjAvAn ) (garvavAn, ahaMkArI) ( dhanavAn ) ( puNyavAn ) ( zrImAn ) pupphimA laghimA phalattaNaM mANusattaNaM ( kAvyavAn ) ( zobhAvAn ) For Private and Personal Use Only ( puSpatvam ) ( laghutvam ( phalatvam ) ( manuSyatvam ) "yaha isakA hai" isa prakAra kA sambandha batalAne ke lie 'kera' evaM 'eccaya' pratyaya jor3e jAte haiM / jaise :

Page #42
kera- para+kera = parakeraM (dUsare kA) amha+keraM= . amhakeraM / (hamArA) . rAya / keraM = rAyakeraM (rAjA kA) eccaya-amha+ eccayaM = amheccayaM (hamArA) tumha+ eccayaM = tumheccayaM (tumhArI) 6. sAdRzyArthaka :- . "yaha isake samAna hai" yaha artha vyakta karane ke lie "va" pratyaya jor3A jAtA hai| jaise : caMda+vva = caMdavva (candramA ke samAna ) mahu +vva =mahuvva (madhu ke samAna ) 7. bhavArthaka : "hone" sambandhI artha batalAne ke lie athavA kisI vastu meM anya kisI dUsarI vastu ke hone kI sUcanA dene hetu 'illa' evaM 'ulla' pratyaya jor3e jAte haiN| jaise :pratyaya pulliga strIliMga . illa- gAma+illa =gAmillo gAmillI (grAma meM hai) heTa+ illa=heDhillo heDillI ulla- nayara + ullaM=nayarullaM nayarullI taru+ullaM tarullaM tarullI 8. AvatvArthaka : "do bAra" "tIna bAra" Adi kriyA kI gaNanA karane ke lie saMkhyAvAcI zabdoM ke sAtha "hutta" evaM 'khutta' pratyaya lagAe jAte haiN| jaise : For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #43
. . ( 34 ) hutta- eya+huttaM = eyattaM, eyakhutaM (eka bAra) du+huttaM =duhuttaM, dukhutaM (do bAra) saya +huttaM = sayahuttaM, sayakhutaM sau bAra) 6. kAlArthaka : "jisa samaya,". "usa samaya" Adi kAla-bodha karAne vAle 'ekka', 'savva' Adi zabdoM ke sAtha "si" sigraM, evaM 'iyA' pratyaya lagAe jAte haiN| jaise : ekka+si - ekkasi (eka samaya) ekka -1 simaM = ekka sidhe / ) ekka +iyA =ekkaiyA = (eka samaya) savva+si = savvasi = (sabhI samaya) savva-+sigraM = savvasiaM= ( ) savva + imA=savvA = ( , ) 10. parimANArthaka : mAtrA athavA parimANa vyakta karane ke lie ittima, etti, ettila evaM edaha pratyayoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| jaise : ja+ittiaM=jittiaM (yAvat ) ja+ettiaMjettinaM (yAvat ) ja+ettilaM =jettilaM (yAvat ) ja=edaha -jeddahaM (yAvat / 11. vibhaktyarthaka kriyA-vizeSaNa : paMcamI evaM saptamI vibhakti meM kramaza: tto, do (paMcamI) evaM . hi, ha evaM ttha (saptamI) pratyaya jar3ate haiN| jaise : tto-savva+tto=savvatto = (paMcamI) dAdA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #44
do-savva + do = savvado = (paMcamI) __ hi-ta+hi =tahi = (saptamI) ha-ta+ha taha = ttha-ta+ttha = tattha = 12. svArthika : saMskRta ke svArthika 'ka' pratyaya ke sthAna para prAkRta meM vikalpa se a, illa, ulla, la evaM lla Adi Adeza hote haiN| jaise : a-caMda - a = caMdano, caMdo. illa-pallava+ illa-pallavillo, pallavo. ulla-hattha+ ulla = hatthallo, hattho la -patta+la . = pattalaM. lla ---nava+lla = navallo eka+lla = ekallo . chaThavA~ pATha strI pratyaya kisI bhI vyAkaraNa ke niyama ke anusAra strIliMga zabda do prakAra ke mAne gae haiM--(1) mUla strIliMga zabda arthAt jina zabdoM kA mUla artha strIliMga sUcaka hai| jaiselacchI (lakSmI) mAlA, ladA (latA), jaDA (jaTA) Adi / (2) ve strIliMga zabda, jo pratyaya jor3akara banAe jAte haiN| isa niyama ke anusAra pulliga zabdoM meM strI-vAcaka pratyaya jor3a dene se ve strIliMga sUcaka zabda bana jAte haiN| jaise : For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #45
( 36 ) Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir rAyA (rAjA) zabda se I pratyaya jor3akara (rAyA + I) rANI baMbhaNa = ( brAhmaNa + ) = baMbhaNI Adi / ( saMskRta - vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se strI pratyaya ATha prakAra ke haiM : - ( 1 ) TAp (2) DApa (3) cAp ( 4 ) GAp (grA) (5) GIS (6) GIn (I) (7) UGa (U), 8 ) ti / kintu cU~ki prAkRta bhASA kI saralIkaraNa kI pravRtti hai, ataH usameM kevala tIna prakAra ke hI strI-pratyaya milate haiN| (1) A, (2) I, (3) U / inake niyama nimna prakAra haiM: 1. prAyaH prakArAnta zabdoM ko strI - vAcaka banAne ke lie " " pratyaya jor3A jAtA hai / jaise *-*-* bAla + A = bAlA ( kanyA) / vaccha + zrA = vacchA (vatsA) poDa + A = poDhA (prauDhA) 2. saMskRta bhASA ke nakArAnta ( zabda ke anta meM 'na' Ane vAle) takArAnta ( zabda ke anta meM 'ta' Ane vAle) evaM rakArAnta zabdAM ko strI-vAcaka banAne ke lie 'I' pratyaya jor3A jAtA hai / jaise (ka) n - mAlina + I = mAliNI (mAlinI) (rAnI) (brAhmaNI) ( putravatI ) rAyA + I = rANI baMbhaNa + I = baMbhaNI t - puttavapra + I = puttavaI dhaNava + I = ghaNavaI ( dhanavatI ) sirima + i = sirimaI (zrImatI) iku bhAra + I = kuMbhArI, (kumhArI) suvaNAra + I = suvaNNadhArI ( sunArina) kumAra + I = kumArI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #46
( 37 ) (kha) nartaka, khanaka pathika, gaura, matsya, manuSya, hariNa . Adi zabdoM ko strIliMga banAne hetu "I" pratyaya lagAyA jAtA hai| jaise :NaTTA --I=NaTTaI (nartakI) gora+IgorI, khaNa+IkhaNaI (khanakI), mANusa + I-mANusI hariNa+I-hariNI Na+I=NaI (nadI) ga) akArAnta jAtivAcaka zabdoM ko strI-vAcaka banAne ke lie bhI 'I' pratyaya jor3A jAtA hai| jaise : vaggha + I= bagghI (vyAghrI) sIha+IsIhI ( siMhanI) haMsa + I haMsI sUara-+i=sUaro ( zUkarI) rakkhasa naI rakkhasI (rAkSasI) (gha) saMskRta-bhaSA ke indra, varuNa, bhava, zarva, mRDa, hima ( mahat artha meM ) araNya ( mahat parva meM ), yava ( duSTa artha meM ) yavan (lipi artha meM) mAtula Adi zabdoM ko strI-vAcI banAne ke lie 'I' pratyaya tathA usake pUrva "prANa" jor3a diyA jAtA hai| jaise :iMda+ANa+I = iMdANI; bhava+pANa+I = bhavANI (pArvatI). varuNa + pANa+I =varuNANI; savva-+ANa+I-savvANI. isI prakAra ruddANI, miDANI, himANI araNNANI, yavANI, yavaNANI, mAulANI zabda banate haiN| . . (Ga) upAdhyAya evaM prAcArya kI sUcanA dene ke lie 'I' For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #47
( 38 ) pratyaya ke pUrva 'prANa' jor3A jAtA hai| jaise : Airiya + ANa+I-AyariyA (prAcAryANI) uvajjhAya+pANa+I =uvajjhAyANI (upAdhyAyAnI) kintu jaba koI mahilA svayaM hI upAdhyAya athavA prAcArya (Teacher) ho taba usameM 'mA' pratyaya hotA hai| jaise :-uvajjhAya + A-uvajjhAyA Ayariya+pApAyariyA (ca) Arya evaM kSatriya zabdoM ko strI vAcI banAne meM 'I' pratyaya evaM 'prANa' vikalpa se hote haiN| jaise : - ayyA-ayyANI; khattiyA-khattiyANI, (cha) zArIrika avayavoM-mukha, keza, nAsikA, udara, jaMghA, danta, karNa, zRga, nakha, meM 'I' pratyaya vikalpa se jur3atA hai| jaba vaha nahIM jur3egA taba 'A' pratyaya jttegaa| jaise :caMdamuhI-caMdamuhA; suesA-suesI, tugasAsii-tuganAsiyA, dIhoarI-dIhoparA, vajjajaMghii-vajjajaMghiyA, vajjadaMtii-vajjadaMtiyA, dIghakaNNii-dIhakaNNiA , laMvasiMgai-laMbasiMgiyA, vajjaNahI-vajjaNahA, aadi| . ajAtivAcaka zabdoM meM akArAnta pulliga zabdoM ko strI-vAcaka banAne ke lie vikalpa se 'i' pratyaya juTatA hai| jaise :nIlI-nIlA, kAlI-kAlA, hasamANI-hasamANA, imINaM imANaM Adi / (jha) dharma-vidhi se vivAhita mahilA ke lie pANigrahaNa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #48
zabda se 'I' pratyaya jur3akara pANiggahIdi, tathA dharma rahita vivAhita mahilA ke lie ('A' pratyaya jor3akara ) pANiggahIdA, zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| (ja) saMskRta bhASA ke jAnapada, kuDa, goNa, sthala, bhAga, nAga, kuza, kAmuka Adi zabdoM ko strI vAcaka banAne ke lie vikalpa se 'I' pratyaya juTatA hai| jaise :jAnapada+I = jANavaI - jANavA, kuMDI-kuDA, goNI goNA, thalI-thalA, bhAgI-bhAgA, nAgI-nAgA, kusI-kusA, kAmuI-kAmumA, Adi / 3. 'U' pratyaya ke prayoga nagaNya hI milate haiN| jaise ajja + u=ajju, ajjayA (AryA) kucha vizeSa smaraNIya zabda : . pulliga strIliMga.. gihavai ( gRhapati ) -- gihavaNNI ( gRhapatnI) viuso (vidvAn ) - viusI (viduSI ) mANuso (manuSya) mANusI (manuSyanI) sahA ( sakhA ) . - sahI . ( sakhI) muNi (muni) muNI (muni) sAhu ( sAdhu ) sAhU (sAdhu ) juvA (yuvaka) juvaI (yuvatI) suddo (zUdraH) suddA, suddI ( zUdrA, zudrI) taruNo taruNI mahiso mahisI niuNo (nipuNa) - niuNA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #49
bIyo (dUsarA) - vIyA seTTi (seTha ) - seTinI ( seThAnI) pai (pati) - bhajjA ( bhAryA, patnI) pino (pitA) - mAyA ( mAtA) puriso (puruSa) - itthI (strI) rAyA (rAjA) - raNNI (rAnI) bhAyA (bhrAtA) - bahiNI ( bahina ) sAtavA~ pATha krAraka evaM vibhaktiyA~ :kArakaprAkRta-vyAkaraNa ke AcArya hemacandra ne kAraka kI paribhASA batalAte hue kahA hai ki-"kriyAnvayi kArakam" arthAt kAraka use kahate haiM, jisakA sambandha kriyA ( Verb) ke sAtha ho| puna: unhoMne kahA hai ki "kriyAhetu : kArakam" arthAt kriyA ( Verb ) kI utpatti meM jo sahAyaka ho, use kAraka kahate haiN| vibhaktivibhakti kI paribhASA ke prasaMga meM eka vAkya bahuta hI prasiddha hai-"saMkhyAkArakabodhayitrI vibhaktiH" arthAt saMkhyA evaM kAraka kA jo bodha (jJAna) karAve use "vibhakti" kahate haiN| jaise :-'purisANaM' se aneka puruSoM kA jJAna to hotA hai aura usameM SaSThI vibhakti bhI hai, kintu vaha kAraka nhiiN| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #50
( 41 ) kAraka aura vibhakti meM antarayadyapi vyAkaraNa kA yaha niyama hai ki katA meM prathamA vibhakti aura karma meM dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai, jaise :-- rAmo gAma gacchairAma grAma ko jAtA haiN| kintu kAraka evaM vibhakti kI paribhASAoM kA adhyayana karane se yaha spaSTa hai ki donoM meM bahuta antara hai| saba se pahalA antara to yaha hai ki eka hI vAkya meM kAraka kucha hotA hai aura vibhakti dUsarI hI hotI hai, jaise- kaMso kiNheNa ho (kaMsa kRSNa ke dvArA mArA gyaa)| ukta vAkya meM mAraNa-kriyA kA kartA (karane vAlA) kRSNa hai kintu usakI vibhakti prathamA na hokara tRtIyAvibhakti hai| isI prakAra mAraNa-kriyA kA asalI karma kaMsa hai, usameM dvitIyA vibhakti na hokara use prathamA vibhakti meM rakhA gayA hai| prAkRta bhASA meM kAraka evaM vibhaktiyoM se sambandhita niyama saMskRta ke samAna hI haiM, phira bhI unake vyavahAra meM kahIM-kahIM antara bhI pAyA jAtA hai| jaise :(1) jahA~ saMskRta meM 7 vibhaktiyA~ hotI haiM, vahIM prAkRta meM 6 vibhaktiyA~ hotI haiN| kyoMki isameM caturthI evaM SaSThI vibhakti eka samAna hotI hai| jaise :-Namo devassa (namaH devAya) =devatA ke lie namaskAra ho| muNINa deI (munibhyo dadAti)= muniyoM ke lie detA hai| 2. dvitIyA, tRtIyA, paMcamI evaM saptamI vibhaktiyoM ke sthAna para SaSThI vibhakti hotI hai| jaise : For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #51
( 42 ) -dvitIyA meM paSThI vi0-sImaMdharassa vaMde = (sImaMbara kI vandanA karatA hU~) -tRtIyA se SaSThI vi-cirassa mukkA=(cirakAla se - mukta huI) -paMcamI se SaSThI vi0-corassa dohei = ( cora se . DaratA hai) -saptamI se SaSThI vi0-piTThIe kesabhAro= ( pITha para kezoM kA bhAra hai ) 3. dvitIyA evaM tRtIyA vibhakti ke sthAna para saptamI vibhakti ke prayoga milate hai| jaise-Nayare Na jAmi (=nagara ko nahIM jAtA huuN| tisu tesu alaMkiyA puhavI (= una tInoM ke dvArA pRthvI alaMkRta haiM ) / 4. paMcamI vibhakti ke sthAna para kabhI tRtIyA evaM kabhI saptamI vibhakti ke prayoga milate haiN| jaise :coreNa-vIhei (=cora se DaratA hai)| -vijjAlayammi paDhiu Ago bAlo (=vidyAlaya se .. par3hakara bAlaka A gayA hai)| ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM saptamI ke sthAna meM tRtIyA vibhakti ke prayoga milate haiN| jaise-- teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM-(usa kAla meM, usa samaya meN)| kArakoM kI saMkhyA:pUrva meM kahA jA cukA hai ki prAkRta meM 6 kAraka evaM 6 vibhaktiyA~ mAnI gaI haiN| sambodhana pRthak vibhakti nahIM mAnI gaI hai| kyoMki vaha prathamA vibhakti hI hai| SaSThI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #52
( 43 ) evaM caturthI vibhakti ko bhI eka samAna mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra kAraka nimna prakAra prApta hote haiM :(1) kartA kAraka : vaha hai, jo kriyA kA pradhAna kAraka arthAt karane vAlA ho / dUsare zabdoM meM yaha kaha sakate haiM ki kriyA ke karane meM jo svatantra ho, use kartA-kAraka kahate haiN| jaise :-sAmo gacchai (= zyAma jAtA hai) isameM "gacchaI" kriyA kA pradhAna kartA zyAma hai| ataH zyAma kartA kAraka hai| (2) karma kAraka : kriyA ke vyApAra kA phala sUcita karane vAlI saMjJA ke rUpa ko karmakAraka kahate haiN| athavA kartRvAcya ke anukta kama meM (arthAt kartA ko jo abhISTa ho, usameM) karma kAraka hotA hai| jaise :--payeNa oyaNaM bhujai ( =dUdha se cA~vala khAtA hai) isameM kartA ko yadyapi dUdha evaM cA~vala donoM abhISTa haiM, phira bhI abhISTatama (sarvAdhika icchita) cA~vala hI hai, dUdha to usameM kevala sahAyaka padArtha hai, na ki pramukha / ataH proyaNaM ( cA~bala) meM hI karma saMjJA huI hai, na ki paya (dUdha ) meN| anya niyama(ka) dvikarmaka dhAtuoM kA prayoga hone para gauNa-karma (akathita) meM apAdAna kAraka meM bhI dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai| jaise :-mANavayaM pahaM pucchai (bAlaka se mArga ko pUchatA hai)| yahA~ para pahaM ( patha mArga) hI kartA kA mukhya abhISTa hai aura mANavaka (bAlaka) to apAdAna-kAraka For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #53
( 44 ) (mANavaka se) hone ke kAraNa gauNa hai| ataH pahaM meM dvitIyA vibhakti hogii| (kha) abhipro (donoM ora), parigro (cAroM aura), samaya (samIpa), nikahA (samIpa), hA (khada), paDi (ora, tarapha), savvagro (sabhI ora), dhima (dhika) upari-uvari (Upara) samayA, (samIpa) ina zabdoM ke yoga meM inakA jinase saMyoga ho, unameM karma kAraka dvitIyA-vibhakti hotI hai| jaise :ahiyo kisaNaM (kRSNa ke donoM ora), parimo rAma (rAma ke cAroM ora) gAma samayA (gA~va ke samIpa), nikahA laka (laMkA ke samIpa) aadi| (3) karaNa kAraka -- jo kriyA kI siddhi meM kartA ke lie sabase adhika sahAyaka ho| athavA, apane abhISTa-kArya kI saphalatA ke lie kartA jisakI sarvAdhika sahAyatA le| usa sthiti meM karaNa kAraka hotA hai| jaise :-kaNheNa bANeNa ho kaso (=kRSNa ne bANa ke dvArA kaMsa ko maaraa)| prastuta udAharaNa meM kartA kRSNa ne kaMsa ko mArane meM sabase adhika sahAyatA bANa se lI, isIlie bANa meM tRtIya vibhakti huii| yadyapi kaMsa-vadha meM kRSNa ke hAtha evaM dhanuSa bhI sahAyaka haiM, kintu ve pramukha nahIM haiM, isalie unameM karaNa-kAraka nahIM huaa| anya niyama(ka) saha-sAtha sUcaka zabda-saha samaM, sAgraM evaM saddha ke yoga meM tRtIyA-vibhakti hotI hai jaise :putteNa saha prAyo piyA-piyA (=putra ke sAtha pitA pAyA) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #54
( 45 ) lakkhaNo rAmeNa samaM gacchai (lakSmaNa rAma ke sAtha jAtA hai) " , sAaM , ( , , , ,) / (kha) jisa vikRta aMga ke dvArA aMgI meM vikAra jJAta ho, usa aMga meM tRtIyA vibhakti hotI hai jaise :__ pAeNa khaMjo (=para se lNgdd'aa)| kaNNeNa bahiro (=kAna se bahirA) (ga) jisa hetu (prayojana) se koI kArya jAnA jAya, usameM tRtIyA vibhakti hotI hai| jaise : daMDeNa ghaDo jAgo (=DaMDe ke kAraNa ghar3A utpanna huaa)| (4) sampradAna-sambandha kAraka kisI ke lie kriyA kI jAya yA vastu ke dAna dene ke kAraNa kartA jise santuSTa karatA hai, use sampradAna-sambandha kAraka kahate haiN| isameM caturthI athavA SaSThI vibhakti hotI hai| jaise:-vippAya vippassa vA gAvaM deibrAhmaNa ke lie gAya dAna meM detA hai| anya niyama (ka) ruci artha meN| jaise :- hariNo royai bhakti= hari ke lie bhakti acchI lagatI hai| (kha) 'karja lenA' dhAtu ke yoga meM RNa dene vAle meM / jaise-bhattAya bhattassa vA dharai mokkhaM hari-hari bhakta ke lie mokSa dhAraNa karatA hai| (ga) krodha evaM IrSyA ke artha meM, jaise : hariNo kujjhai=hari ke Upara krodha karatA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #55
( 46 ) hariNo dohada hari ke Upara droha karatA hai / (gha) namaskAra artha meM, jaise :hariNo Namo - hari ke lie namaskAra / (5) apAdAna kAraka - jisameM kisI vastu ke alagAva kI sUcanA mile usameM paMcamI vibhakti hotI hai / jaise-- dhAvatto prassattI paDai = daur3ate hue ghor3e se giratA hai / anya niyama - 1 ( ka ) ghRNA, pramAda Adi ke artha meM / jaise - pAvato dugucchai viramai = pApa se ghRNA karatA hai / dhammatto pamAyai = dharma se pramAda karatA hai / (kha) asahya parAjaya ke artha meM, jaise :- prajjhayaNattoparAjayai = adhyayana ko asahya mAnakara bhAgatA hai / (ga) hetu (kAraNa) ke artha meM, jaise : aNNassa ussa vasai = anna - prApti ke prayojana se rahatA hai / (6) adhikaraNa kAraka kisI bhI kriyA ke AdhAra ko adhikaraNa kAraka kahate haiM / jaise mokkhe icchA pratthi = mokSa prApta karane kI icchA hai / tilesu tailaM = tila meM tela hai / yahA~ mokSa evaM tela kriyA ke pramukha AdhAra hone se adhikaraNa kAraka hai / inameM saptamI vibhakti kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #56
AThavA~ pATha samAsa paribhASA-- 'samAsa' kA zAbdika artha 'saMkSepa' hotA haiN| vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se samAsa use kahate haiM. jaba do yA. do se adhika subanta-padoM arthAt zabdoM ko paraspara meM isa prakAra se jor3A jAya ki jisase zabda kA AkAra choTA ho jAne para bhI usakA artha jyoM kA tyoM banA rahe / jaise :dhammassa puttoM=dhammaputto (dhrmputr:)| yahA~ para pUrva-padadhammassa meM dhamma ke sAtha jur3I huI sambandha-kAraka "ssa" vibhakti kA samAsa ho jAne ke kAraNa lopa ho gayA tathA vaha saMkSipta hokara "dhammaputto" raha gayA aura usake artha meM koI parivartana nahIM huaa| sAmAsika athavA samasta pada-jaisA ki Upara batAyA gayA thA ki samAsa meM prAyaH pUrva-pada athavA zabda kI vibhakti kA lopa ho jAtA hai, isIlie samAsa se siddha hone vAle pada ko sAmAsika-pada athavA samasta-pada kahate haiN| jaise-dhammassa +putto, ye do pada haiM, kintu jaba samAsa hokara yaha "dhammaputto" ho gayA, taba ise sAmAsikapada athavA samastapada kahA jaaygaa| vigraha- sAmAsika pada meM vibhakti-cinha jor3akara jaba use alaga-alaga padoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai, taba isa kriyA ko "vigraha" kahate haiN| jaise :-dhammaputto kA For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #57
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 1 www.kobatirth.org ( 48 ) vigraha karate samaya usake pUrvapada meM "ssa" vibhakti jor3ane se usakA rUpa isa prakAra ho jAyagA -dhammassa puttI - dhammaputtI / kalAsu kusalo - kalAkusalo / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir samAsa evaM vigraha meM antara - jaba sAmAsika - pada ke zabdoM meM vibhakti - cinha jor3akara use pRthak-pRthak rUpa meM batAyA jAtA hai, taba use vigraha kahate haiM / aura isake viparIta jaba vibhakti kA lopa karake do yA do se adhika padoM ko jor3a diyA jAtA hai, taba use samAsa kahate haiM, donoM meM yahI antara hai / samAsa ke bheda: - - prAkRta-vyAkaraNa ke anusAra samAsa ke pramukha rUpa se cAra bheda mAne gae haiM : 1 avvai - bhAva samAsa (avyayIbhAva samAsa) ( tatpuruSa samAsa ) 2 tappurisa - samAsa 3 bahubbIhi samAsa 4 daMda-samAsa avvai-bhAva- samAsa avyayIbhAva kA artha yaha hai vaha bhI avyaya ho jAtA hai / kI pradhAnatA hone ke kAraNa pUrva pada kA samasta pada avyaya ho jAtA hai / isa samAsa kA prayoga nimnalikhita 11 prakAra ke prasaMgoM meM hotA hai : (1) vibhakti ke artha meM, jaise : ( bahubrIhi samAsa ) ( dvandva samAsa ) (2) samIpa artha meM, jaise ki pahale jo avyaya nahIM thA, prastuta samAsa meM 'avyaya' harimmi ii = ahihari ( hari ke viSaya meM ) rAiNo samIvaM = uvarAya ( rAjA ke samIpa ) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #58
( 46 ) (3) samRddhi-artha meM, jaise maddANaM samiddhi =sumadda ( madra-deza kI samRddhi ) . (4) abhAva-artha meM, jaise__ macchimANaM ahAvo =NimmacchigraM ( makkhiyoM kA abhAva) (5) atyaya ( vinAza )-artha meM, jaise-......... himassa accamo-aihimaM ( jAr3e kI samApti ) . (6) asamprati ( anaucitya ) artha meM, jaiseNiddA saMpai Na jujjai=aiNiI (nidrA ke anupayukta kAla meM). (7) pazcAt artha meM, jaise bhoyaNassa pacchA=aNubhoyaNaM (bhojana ke bAda) . (8) yathAbhAva artha meM, ( = yogyatA, anatikramya evaM vIpsA arthAt dvirukti ke artha meM ) jaise :(ka) yogyatA artha meM-rUvassa joggaM aNujoggaM (rUpa ke yogya) (kha) anatikramya artha meM-satti aNakkamiUNa jahAsatti (zakti ke anusAra) (ga) dvirukti artha meM--diNaM diNaM pai-paidiNaM (pratidina) (6) AnupUrvya (krama) artha meM, jaise jeTThassa aNupubveNa-aNuje? (jyeSTha ke krama meM) (10) yaugapadya (eka sAtha) artha meM, jaise ... cakkeNa jugavaM sacakka (cakra ke sAtha-sAtha) (11) sampatti ke artha meM, jaise chattANaM saMpaisachAM (kSatriyoM kI sampatti) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #59
( 50 ) 2 tappurisa samAsa-isa samAsa meM uttarapada pradhAna hotA hai| isakA pUrvapada prAyaH vizeSaNa evaM uttarapada prAyaH vizeSya hotA haiN| kintu isake liMga evaM vacana uttarapada ke anusAra hote haiN| jaise-rAiNo puriso meM uttarapada puriso kI pradhAnatA hai| isakA rUpa bnegaa-raaypuriso| tatpuruSa samAsa do prakAra kA hai :-(1) bahikaraNa (=vyadhikaraNa) tatpuruSa-samAsa evaM (2) samANAhikaraNa (=samAnAdhikaraNa) tatpuruSa-samAsa / (1) bahikaraNa tatpuruSa samAsa-isa samAsa ko sAmAnya tatpuruSa samAsa bhI kahA jAtA hai| isameM donoM pada vibhinna vibhaktiyoM vAle hote haiN| isameM pUrvapada dvitIyA, tRtIyA Adi vibhaktiyoM vAlA hotA hai aura uttarapada prathamA-vibhakti vAlA hotA hai| - pUrvapada kI vibhinna vibhaktiyoM ke AdhAra para isa samAsa ko 6 bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai :... (pra) boyA ( dvitIyA ) tatpuruSa (arthAta dvitIyAnta evaM prathamAnta)-samAsa-isameM sipa, atIa, paDia, ga, patta evaM prAvaNNa zabdoM ke prasaMga meM dvitIyA vibhakti ke rahane ke kAraNa dvitIyA tatpuruSa-samAsa hotA hai / jaise :kisaNaM sio= kisaNasiyo / kRSNa ke sahAre ); AsAM atIyopAsAsIo (AzA se adhika); aggi paDipro= aggiDiao ( agni meM girA huA ), divaM go=divagayo ( mRtyu ko prApta ), suhaM pattosuhapatto (sukha-prApta) kaTTha prAvaNNo = kaTThAvaNNo ( kaSTa ko prApta ) / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #60
( 51 ) (a) taiA-tRtIyA tatpuruSa (tRtIyAnta evaM prathamAntasamAsa)-isameM prathama pada tRtIyA-vibhakti kA tathA antima pada prathamA-vibhakti kA hotA hai| jaise :-- dayAe jutto = dayAjutto ( dayA se yukta);" paMkeNa litto = paMkalitto (kIcar3a se lipt)| ... (i) caturthI evaM SaSThI tatpuruSa (caturthyanta athavA SaThyanta evaM prathamAnta) samAsa-isameM prathama, pada meM caturthI yA SaSThI vibhakti evaM antima pada meM prathamA vibhakti hotI hai| jaise :-mokkhAya NANaM = mokkhaNANaM ( mokSa ke lie jJAna), loyAya hiro=loyahiyo (loka ke lie hitkaarii)| ___cUki caturthI evaM SaSThI vibhakti samAna hotI haiM, ataH SaSThI ke udAharaNa nimna prakAra die jA sakate haiN| jaise:pisuNassa vayaNaM =piya vaaNaM ( cugalakhora kA kathana)), devassa pujjo devapujjano (devatA kA pujaarii)| ___ (I) paMcamI tatpuruSa (paMcamyanta evaM prathamAnta ) samAsa-jaise :-saMsArApo bhIo=saMsArabhItro (saMsAra se bhayabhIta), theNApro bhImotheNabhImo (cora se bhaya) (u) saptamI tatpuruSa (saptamyanta evaM prathamAnta) samAsa - jaise :-sahAe paMDiao sahApaMDiao ( sabhA meM paNDita ), Naresu seTTho=NaraseMTTho (naroM meM shresstth)| (2) samANAhikaraNa (samAnAdhikaraNa ) tatpuruSa-samAsa-isa samAsa kA dUsarA nAma karmadhAraya-samAsa bhI hai| isameM donoM pada prathamA vibhakti ke hote haiN| jaise-kaNhaM taM vatthaMkaNhavatthaM ( kRSNa-vastra) yahA~ donoM pada prathamA vibhakti vAle haiN| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #61
( 52 ) isI karmadhAraya-samAsa kA pUrvapada jaba saMkhyAvAcI hotA hai, taba use dvigu-samAsa kahA jAtA hai| jaise :tiNNi loyA=tiloyA (tInoM lok)| isameM pUrvapada saMkhyA- .. vAcI hai tathA donoM para prathamAnta haiN| ataH yahA~ dvigu-samAsa hai| (isa dvigu samAsa kI carcA Age kI jaayegii)| . karmadhAraya athavA samAnAdhikaraNa tatpuruSa samAsa nimnalikhita 5 prakAra kA hotA hai / . (ka) vizaSaNa-pada (arthAt vizeSaNa evaM vizeSya)jaise :pIaM ca taM vatyaM capIavatthaM (pIlA kpdd'aa)| yahA~ para pUrvapada arthAta pInaM (pIlA) vatthaM (vastra) kA vizeSaNa hai aura donoM pada prathamA-vikti ke bhI haiN| ata: yahAM samAnAdhikaraNa tatpuruSa athavA karmadhAraya samAsa hai| isI prakAra ratto ya eso ghaDo rattaghaDo Adi jAnanA caahie| . (kha) vizeSaNobhaya pada (vizeSaNa+vizeSaNa) jaise :sIaM ca taM uNhaM ya jelaMsIuNhaM jalaM (zItala evaM uSNa jl)| ' (ga) upamAna-pUrvapada arthAta upmaan-saadhaarnndhrm)| jaise :-ghaNo iva sAmoghaNasAmo ( megha ke samAna zyAma varNa), mitro iva cavalA=micavalo (mRga ke samAna capala) (gha) upameyottarapada (arthAt upamAna + upameya )jaise :-caMdo iva muhaM caMdamuhaM ( candramA ke samAna mukha ) vajjo iva deho vajjadeho (bajra ke samAna deha ) / Ga) upamAnottara pada (arthAt upameya +upamAna).jaise :-puriso vaggho bva-purisavagyo ( vyAghra ke samAna For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #62
( 53 ) puruSa ) / pariso eva vagghopurisavagyo (puruSa hI vyAghra haiM ) / saMjamo evaM dhaNaM-saMjamadhaNaM (saMyama rUpI dhana ) / (3) dvigu samAsa-jaisA ki pUrva meM (de0 niyama saM0 2) batalAyA gayA thA ki karmadhAraya-samAsa meM jaba pUrvapada saMkhyAvAcI ho aura uttarapada saMjJAvAcI ho, taba vahA~ dvigusamAsa hotA hai| jaise :-tiNhaM loyANaM samUho-tiloyaM (tInoM-loka ) isameM prathama pada tiNhaM (tIna) saMkhyAvAcI hai tathA uttarapada loyANaM ( =loka ) saMjJAvAcI hai| isameM donoM pada prathamAnta bhI haiN| ataH yahA~ dvigu-samAsa hai| isI prakAra navaNhaM tattANaM samUho-navatatta ( navatattvam ), cauro disAyo caudisA (cAroM dizAe ) Adi bhI jAnanA caahie| tatpuruSa samAsa ke anya bheda-isa samAsa ke anya do prakAra ke bheda aura bhI pAe jAte haiM (1) -tappurisa (naja tatpuruSa )-samAsa- isa samAsa meM prathama zabda nakArAtmaka (arthAt niSedhArthaka) tathA dUsarA pada saMjJA athavA vizeSaNa hotA hai| isa samAsa meM yaha niyama dhyAna meM rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki isameM vyaMjana se pahale Ane vAle "Na" ke sthAna meM 'a' tathA svara ke pahale 'a' ke hone para usake sthAna meM 'aNa' ho jAtA hai / jaise : Na =a- logo =alopo (aloka :) - Na diTTa = adiTTha' (adRSTam ) *NapraNa-Na Iso=NIso (anIza :) Na AyAro-praNAyAro (anAcAra :) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #63
( 54 ) (2)-pAdi tappurisa (prAdi tatpuruSa) samAsa-tatpuruSa samAsa meM java prathama pada 'pa' (pra) Adi upasarga-sahita ho, taba vahA~ prAdi tatpuruSa samAsa hotA hai| jaise :-pagato Ayariyo=pAyariyo ( prAcArya :) 3 bahumvIhI (bahuvrIhi )-samAsa :-jaba sabhI pada kisI anya padArtha ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM AveM, tava vahA~ bahubrohi- samAsa hotA hai| isa samAsa ko samajhAne ke lie nimna niyamoM para dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai - - (ka) isake samasta pada vizeSaNa hote haiM / ata: unake liMga, vacana Adi apane vizeSya ke anusAra hote haiN| (kha) isakA vigraha ( padaccheda ) karate samaya 'ja' (yat) zabda athavA usake anya kisI rUpa kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, jisase usake padoM ko anya padoM ke sAtha sambandha kI jAnakArI milatI hai| * bahubrIhi samAsa do prakAra kA hai-(1) samAnAdhikaraNa (arthAt samAna-vibhaktika) aura (2) vyadhikaraNa (arthAt asamAna vibhaktika) / (1) samAnAdhikaraNa bahuvrIhi (prathamAnta + prathamAnta) samAsa-vigraha (padaccheda) meM vyavahAra meM Ane vAle ,'ja" (tat) zabda kI dvitIyA Adi vibhakti ke bheda se yaha samAsa 5 prakAra kA hai| jaise :-AruDho vANaro jaM (rukkha) soArUDhavANarorukkho (aisA vRkSa, jisa para bandara baiThA hai)| isI prakAra pattaNANaM ja sopattaNANI-muNo (jJAna-prApta muni) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #64
( 55 ) (kha) tRtIyA-jaise:-jiANi iMdiyANi jeNa so =jiiMdiyo muNi (jitendriya muni ) (ga) caturthI evaM SaSThI-jaise:-diNaM dhaNaM jassa so =diNNadhaNo baMbhaNo ( dattadhanaH braahmnnH)| pIaM aMbaraM jassa sopIaMbaro kaNho ( pitAmbaraH kRSNaH) NIlo kaMTho jassa so=NIlakaMTho ( mayUraH ) (gha) paMcamI-jaise:-NaTTo moho jAmo so=NaTThamohomuNo ( naSTamohaH muniH), bhaTTho AyAro jAno so= bhaTTAyAro jaNo (bhRSTAcAraH janaH), (Ga) saptamI-jaise :-vIrA NarA jammi gAme so= vIraNaro gAmo (aisA grAma, jahA~ vIra puruSa rahate hoN)| (2) vyadhikaraNa bahuvrIhi (prathamAnta + SaSThayanta athavA saptamyanta ) samAsa-jaise :-cakkaM pANimmi jassa so= cakkapANI (cakra hai hAtha meM jisake, aisA viSNu ), caMdo seharammi jassa socaMda seharo (ziva :) bahuvrIhi samAsa ke anya bheda (ka) upamAna pUrvapada bahuvrIhi samAsa-jisakA prathama pada upamAna ho / yathA : haMsagamaNaM iva gamaNaM jAe so= hNs-gmnnaa| gajANaNa iva ANaNo jassa so gajANaNo (gnneshH)| (kha) niSedhArthaka athavA nA-bahubrIhi samAsa-jaise:Na=-Na asthi NAho jassa so praNAho (amAthaH) Na =aNaNatthi ujjamo jassa so=aNujjamoM puriso (anudyamaH puruSaH) For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #65
. (ga) sahapUrvapada bahubrohi-jisake pUrvapada meM 'saha' avyaya aave| isa "saha" kA tRtIyAnta pada ke sAtha samAsa hotA hai / isa 'saha' ke sthAna meM 'sa' ho jAtA hai| jaiseH-putteNa saha =sputto| phaleNa saha sahalaM (saphalaM) mUleNa saha = samUlaM / (ga) prAdi bahubrIhi-pra (pa) ni (Ni) Adi upasarga ke sAtha bahubrIhi samAsa-jaise :-pagiTTha puNNaM jassa so= papuNNo jaNo (prapuNyo janaH' niggayA lajjA jassa so= jillajjo Naro (nirlajjo naraH) . 4. daMda-dvandva-samAsa :-prastuta samAsa meM sabhI pada pradhAna hote haiN| isake vigraha meM do yA do se adhika saMjJAeM 'ca', 'ya' athavA 'a' zabda se jor3I jAtI haiN| yaha samAsa 3 prakAra kA hai :-- .: (a) itaretarayoga dvandva samAsa-isameM samasta pada meM bahuvacana kA prayoga hotA hai tathA isake samasta pada pradhAna hote haiN| jaise :-surA yA asurA ya = surAsurA (sura evaM asura sabhI deva), moro ahaMso avANaro amorhNsvaannraa| puNNaM ya pAvaM ya = punnnnaapaavaaii| .. ... (A) samAhAra dvandva samAsa-prastuta samAsa meM prayukta samasta padoM se samUha kA bodha hotA hai / isI kAraNa samasta pada meM napusaka ekavacana kA prayoga hotA hai| jaise :-tavo ya saMz2amo ya eesiM samAhArotavasaMjamaNANaM ya daMsaNaM ya . carita ya eesi smaahaaro=nnaanndsnncritt| i) ekazeSa dvandva-samAsa-jaba samasta padoM meM se For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #66
kevala eka pada hI zeSa rahe, taba use ekazeSadvandva-samAsa kahate haiN| isameM lupta hue pada kA bodha usameM prayukta vacana saMkhyA se hotA hai| jaise : sAsU yA sasuro ya tti sasurA ( zvazurau) mAyA ya piyA ya tti=piparA (pitarau) nauvA~ pATha zabda rupa . zabda kI paribhASA :-jaba vividha vargoM ke mela se kisI nAma athavA vastu kA saMketa milatA hai, use ''zabda" kahate haiM aura inhIM sArthaka zabdoM ke mela se vAkya banatA hai, jo kisI bhI bhASA kA mUla AdhAra hotA hai| ___ inhIM sArthaka zabdoM ko pada bhI kahA jAtA hai| ye sArthaka zabda athavA pada do prakAra ke hote haiM : 1. svAbhAvika athavA avikArI-isa zreNI meM ve sArthaka zabda Ate haiM, jinakA rUpa liMga, vacana, kAraka, kAla Adi ke anusAra parivartita nahIM hotaa| isIlie ina zabdoM ko avyaya bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra ke avikArI zabdoM meM kriyA - vizeSaNa, vismayAdibodhaka, samuccaya-bodhaka evaM sambandhabodhaka zabda Ate haiN| .. 2. vikArI athavA kRtrima zabda-ve kahalAte haiM, jinakA rUpa liMga, vacana, kAraka, kAla evaM puruSa ke AdhAra para parivartita ho jAtA hai| isa koTi meM saMjJA, sarvanAma, vizeSaNa evaM kriyA zabda Ate haiN| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #67
( 58 ) prAkRta-zabda rUpoM kI pramakha vizeSatAe~(1) prAkRta-vyAkaraNa ke anusAra prAkRta meM dvivacana nahIM hotaa| ataH samasta zabda-rUpa ekavacana evaM bahuvacana meM hI calAe jAte haiN| caturthI evaM SaSThI vibhakti ke zabda rUpa eka samAna pAe jAte haiN| ataH prAkRta meM 6 kAraka hI mAne gae haiN| sambodhana ko bhI prathamA vibhakti ke antargata mAnA gayA hai| (3) RkArAnta (R) ekArAnta (e) aikArAnta (ai) okArAnta (pro) evaM praukArAnta (au) zabda prAkRta meM nahIM pAe jAte / (4) prAkRta meM saMskRta ke samAna hI tIna hI puruSa hote haiM (1) prathama puruSa, (2) madhyama puruSa evaM (3) uttama puruSa (5) isameM chaha prakAra ke zabda pAe jAte haiM : (ka) akArAnta ( 'a' se anta hone vAle zabda ) (kha) prAkArAnta ('A' , (ga) ikArAnta ( "i" , , , , ) (gha) IkArAnta ("I" , , , , (Ga) ukArAnta ( "u" " " " " ) (ca) UkArAnta ( "U" , , , , ) vizeSa-dhyAtavya :--yahA~ yaha jAna lenA Avazyaka hai ki prAkRta ke 'janabhASA' hone ke kAraNa kSetrIya bhASAoM ke prabhAva se prAkRta-bhASA ke vaikalpika zabda rUpa bhI bahulatA se milate haiM kintu prArambhika chAtroM kI suvidhA kI dRSTi se unake 1-1 sarala zabda-rUpa hI yahA~ prastuta kie jAvege / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #68
( 56 ) vibhakti-cinha-jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki "vibhakti" vaha hai, jisake dvArA gaNanA, athavA saMkhyA aura kAraka kA bodha ho| inakI sUcanA dene vAle saMketoM ko vibhakti-cinha kahate haiN| jaise :-paDhamA (prathamA), . vIyA (dvitIyA), o, ssa, mmi aadi| zabda rUpa :--akArAnta pulliga zabda-rUpoM ke kAraka evaM vibhakti-cinha nimna prakAra hote haiMvibhaktiyA~ ekavacana bahuvacana paDhamA ( prathamA )- pro - grA vIyA (dvitIyA )- aM prA taiyA ( tRtIyA )- Na, (eNa) - hi, (ehi) cautthI evaM chaTThI - ssa - Na, NaM (ANa, ANaM) paMcamI - to, hito, suto (hito, Asuto) sattamI (saptamI) - mmi- su ! esu) saMvohaNa (sambodhana)-o A ina vibhakti-cinhoM kA prAyogika rUpa isa prakAra hogAHvibhaktiyA~ ekavacana . bahavacana paDhamA - deva + pro = devo deva+prA=devA vIyA - deva+ =devaM deva+pA=devA taiyA - deva / eNa=deveNa deva+ehi devehi cautthI, chaTThI- deva+ssa=devassa deva + pANaM =devANaM paMcamI - deva +tto =devatto deva+pAsuto devAhito * deva+Asuto-devAsuto For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #69
- - - salvA ( 60 ) sattamI - deva+mmi=devammi deva + esu=devesu saMvohaNa - he deva+ohe devo he deva+pA=he devA / ThIka isI prakAra nimna zabda rUpa bhI jAnanA caahie| jaise: __akArAnta pulliga "sava" zabda vibhaktiyA~ ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 savvo bI0 - savvaM savvA ta0 - savveNa savvehiM ca0, cha0- savvassa - savvANaM paM0 - savvatto -savvAhito, savvAsuto sa0 - samvammi - sabbesu vIra-zabda vibhaktiyA~ ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 bIro vIrA bI0 - vIraM vIreNa - vIrehi ca0, cha0- vIrassa vIrANaM pa0 - vIratto - vIrAhito, vIrAsuto sa0 - vIra mmi - vIresu . saMvo - he vIro - he vIrA vaccha ( vRkSa ) zabda vibhaktiyA~ ekavacana bahuvacana vaccho vacchA vaccha vacchA ta0 vaccheNa - vacchehi - - - - vIrA 0 - pa0 bI0 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #70
saMbo . ( 61 ) ca0, cha0 ---- vacchassa - vacchANaM - vacchatto -vacchAhito, vacchAsuto sa0 . .- vacchammi - vacchesu he vaccho - he vacchA dhamma zabda vibhakyiA~ ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 dhammo dhammA bI - dhamma - dhammeNa - dhammehiM dhammassa - dhammANaM paM. - dhammatto - dhammAhito, dhammAsuto dhammammi - dhammasu saMbo - he dhammo - he dhammA / __ isI prakAra narida, baMbhaNa sevA, caMda daMDa meha, gaya ka, sa, ja. esa ima Adi ke zabda-rUpa bhI cleNge| _ 'rAya' zabda saMskRta ke rAjan zabda se banA hai| usake zabda-rUpoM meM ekAdha sthAna para kucha antara ho jAtA hai| jaise rAya' zabda vibhaktiyA~ ekavacana pa. rAyA rAyA, rAiNare / bI0 - rAyaM rAyA rAeNa rAehiM ca0, cha0- rAyassa ...bahuvacana - - ta0 rAINaM For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #71
sa0 saMvo0 - - vibhaktiyA~ ( 62 ) rAyatto - rAyAhito, rAyAsuto rAyammi rAesu he rAyA - he rAyA appA (AtmA) ekavacana bahuvacana appA appA appaM appeNa - appehi appassa - appANaM appatto -appAhiMto, appAsuto appammi - appesu he appA - he appA pa0 . vI0 - - ta0 ca0, cha0paM0 saMvo - ikArAnta evaM ukArAnta puliMga zabda prAkRta meM ikArAnta evaM ukArAnta puliMga zabdoM ke vibhakti-cinha prAyaH eka samAna hote haiN| jaise : ikArAnta-ukArAnta-ikArAnta-ukArAnta vibhaktiyA~ ekavacana bahuvacana pa0- I - U - I - U vI0- aM OM - I - U ta0 - NA - NA - hiM - hiM ca0, cha0-ssa- ssa - NaM - NaM paM0 - tto - to -hito, suto-hito, suto sa0 --mmi-mmi .- su - su saMvo-i - u For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #72
- - pa0 muNi / / / / / / / isake prayoga isa prakAra kie jA sakate haiM : ikArAnta muni zabda vibhaktiyA~ ekavacana bahuvacana muNI - muNI vI0 - ta0 - muNiNA -. muNIhi ca0 sa0 - muNissa - muNIhiM muNitto -muNIhito, muNIsuto muNimmi - muNIsu saMvo - he muNi - he muNI hari zabda vibhaktiyA~ ekavacana bahuvacana harI / - vI0 - hari - harI ta0 - hariNA - harIhiM ca0,cha0 - harissa - paM0 haritto - harIhito, harIsuto sa0 harimmi - harIsu savo - he hari - he harI isI ( RSi ) zabda vibhaktiyA~ ekavacana bahuvacana - . isI vI0 - isiM isI isiNA - isIhi - pa0 harI / / / / / harINaM - pa. isI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #73
paM0 - pa0 / / / / / / 0 0 0 ( 64 ) ca0,cha0 isissa - isINaM isitto -isIhito, isIsuto isimmi - isIsu saMbo - he isi - he isI aggi ( agni ) zabda vibhaktiyA~ . ekavacana . bahuvacana pa0 - aggI aggI bI0 - aggi - aggI __aggiNA - aggIhiM agssi - aggINaM paM0 - aggitto - aggihito, aggisuto sa0 - aggimmi - aggisu / saMvo he aggi - he aggI isI prakAra bhUvai (bhUpati) kari ari, giri, gahavai, Na ravai, ravi Adi ke zabda rUpa bhI cleNge| ___ ukArAnta puliMga bhANu ( sUrya zabda ) vibhaktiyA~ ekavacana bahuvacana pa. vA0 - bhANu ta0 - bhANuNA bhANuhi ca,0cha0 - bhANussa bhANUNaM bhANutto -bhANuhito, bhANusuto bhANummi - bhANusu saMvo0 - he bhANu - he bhANU 0 bhANU - bhANU paM0 sa0 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #74
- __ vAu (vAyu ) zabda vibhaktiyA~ ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 vAU vAU vI0 - vAuM vAuNA - vAUhiM ca0,cha. vAussa - vAUNaM paM0 - vAutto -vAhito, vAUsuto sa0 - vAummi - vAUsu saMvo0 - he vAu - he vAU isI prakAra guru, sAhu, ghaNu, sayaMbhu, meru, savvaNNu, Adi zabda rUpa bhI cleNge| prAkRta meM jisa prakAra ikArAnta evaM ukArAnta pulliga ke zabda rUpa calate haiM, usI prakAra usake IkArAnta evaM UkArAnta zabda rUpa calate haiN| strIliMga ke AkArAnta, ikArAnta, IkArAnta ukArAnta evaM UkArAnta zabda-rUpa nimna prakAra caleMge AkArAnta zabdoM ke vibhakti cinha vibhaktiyA~ ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 vI0 xx ta0 ca0, cha0 paM0 hito, suto sa0 saMvo X For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #75
- mAlA ta. paM0 sa0 . ( 66 ) ukta vibhakti-cinhoM ke prayoga isa prakAra kie jaayeNge| jaise :... AkArAnta strIliMga mAlA "zabda" vibhaktiyA~ ekavacana bahuvacana mAlA bI mAlaM mAlA mAlA - mAlAhiM . ca0 cha0 mAlANaM .. -mAlAhito, mAlAsuto - mAlAsu saMvo0 - he mAlA -. he mAlA ladA (latA) zabda .: vibhaktiyA~ . ekavacana vahuvacana ladA - vI0 -. ladaM ladA ta0 - ladAna ladAhiM ca0 cha0 ladANaM paM0 - / -ladAhiMto, ladAsuto sa0 - ladAsu saMbo - he ladA - he ladA isI prakAra sA savvA, jA, kA, esA, imA, kamalA, kaNNA, accharA, bhajjA, NisA, disA, vijjA Adi ke zabda rUpa bhI cleNge| - ladA - For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #76
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra vibhaktiyA~ ta 0 ( 67 ) strIliMga ikArAnta, IkArAnta, ukArAnta, UkArAnta zabdoM ke vibhakti-cinha ( eka samAna ) ekavacana pa0 e bI0 ca, cha0 sa0 saMbo --- pa0 vI ---- ikArAnta-ukArAnta IkArAnta - UkArAnta *(**) a sa0 savo 0 ta0 ca0, cha0 paM0. zd www.kobatirth.org " 17 X a .93 " 71 ukta cinhoM kA prayoga nimna prakAra kiyA jAyagA ikArAnta strIliMga "rAI" (rAtri) zabda vibhaktiyA~ ekavacana rAI rAI rAI 17 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 19 bahuvacana ikArAnta - ukArAnta IkArAnta ukArAnta e X hiM NaM hiMno, suto, hito, suto su su }1 he rAi X For Private and Personal Use Only hi NaM bahuvacana rAI " rAIha rAI -rAIhito, rAIsuto rAIsu he rAI

Page #77
- maI maiM. maINaM / / / / / / ( 68 ) mA ( mati) zabda vibhaktiyA~ ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 maI - vI0 - maI - maIhiM . ca0, cha0paM0 - , -maIhito, maIsuto sa0 , - maIsu saMvo0- - he mai - he maI IkArAnta strIliMga lacchI ( lakSmI ) zabda vibhaktiyA~ ekavacana - bahuvacana pa0 - lacchI lacchI vI0 . -- .. lacchi ta0 - . lacchIma -- lacchIhi ca0,cha0 lacchINaM ____ lacchIhito, lacchIsuto , - lacchIsu saMvo . - . he lacchi - . he lacchI ukArAnta strIliMga rajju (rassI) zabda vibhaktiyA~ ekavacana bahuvacana . . pa0 rajjU rajjU rajju ta0 rajjUa - rajjUhi ca0, cha0 rajjUNaM paM0 - sa0 - vI. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #78
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra paM0 sa 0. saMbo ( 66 ) rajjU - rajjU hito, rajjU suto rajjU su he rajjU isI prakAra gheNu (gAya) taNa, Adi ke bhI zabda rUpa caleMge / www.kobatirth.org pa0 bI ta0 ca0, cha0 paM0 - dz akArAnta strIliMga 'sAsU' (sAsa) zabda vibhaktiyA~ ekavacana rajjuM sAsU sAsu sAsUna vaNaM dhaNaM phalaM " Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 17 17 sAsusu sa0 he sAsu he sAsU saMvo0 isI prakAra bahU, camU (senA), Adi ke bhI zabda rUpa caleMge / prAkRta meM napuMsaka liMga rUpa prAyaH nahIM milte| kahIMkahIM yadi milate bhI haiM, to unake rUpo meM prathamA vibhakti ke ekavacana meM anusvAra evaM bahuvacana meM iM jor3a diyA jAtA hai, bAkI ke zabda - rUpa pulliMga athavA strIliMga ke samAna hI calate haiM / jaise :- varNa Adi zabdoM ke rUpa / yathA: I vibhaktiyA~ paDhamA ekavacana bahuvacana vAi~ dhaNAIM phalAI bahuvacana " sAmUhi sAsUNaM - sAsUhito, sAsUsuto sAsU For Private and Personal Use Only zeSa zabda rUpa pulliMga: ke samAna

Page #79
amhe ( 70 ) ..dahiM .- dhiiii| vAri - vaariiii| mahu~ - mhuii| "hama" "tuma" ke prAkRta zabda rUpa sabhI liMgoM meM eka samAna calate haiN| unake aneka vaikalpika rUpa hote haiM / kintu prArambhika chAtroM kI suvidhA hetu yahA~ kevala 1-1 sarala rUpa hI diyA jA rahA hai : "hama" ( asmad )-zabda ke rUpa vibhaktiyA~ ekavacana bahavacana pa0 - ahaM - tI. mae - amhehi ca0,cha0 amhe -- pramhANaM 0... -- amhatto - amhAhito, amhAsuto sa0 - amhammi- amhesu . ___ "tuma'' (yuSmad) zabda vibhaktiyA~ ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 tuma - tumhe pI0 - tumae - tumhehiM ca0,cha. tumheM . - . tumhANaM - - tumhatto -tumhAhiMto, tumhAsuto 'sa.. - tumhIMmma - tumhesu - ta0 paM0 . For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #80
( 71 ) saMkhyAvAcI pulliga "eka" zabda ke rUpa ekavacana bahuvacana / pa0 -ego - egA | bAkI ke zabda-rUpa 'savva' vI0 -egaM - , zabda ke samAna cleNge| - isI prakAra strIliMga kA egA (=eka) zabda latA ke samAna aura napuMsaka liMga kA ega (eka) zabda vaNaM (vana) ke samAna cleNge| . . jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki prAkRta meM "eka" ko chor3a kara anya samI kI gaNanA bahuvacana meM hotI hai| ataH 'eka' ko chor3akara bAkI ke saMkhyAvAcI zabdoM ke zabda-rUpa sabhI liMgoM meM samAna hote haiM tathA kevala bahuvacana meM hI calate haiN| jaise :-- . be (do) zabda viM0 . bahu0 vi0 bahu pa0 - be, dube vI0 - be, dube 0 - dohi ca0,cha0- doNhaM paM0 - dohito sa0 - dosu ti (tIna) zabda vi0 bahu0 . vi0 bahu pa0 - tiNNi vI0 - tiNNi ta0 - tIhi ca0 cha0-- tINhaM paM0 - tIhito ... sa0 - tIsu For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #81
bahuvacana - ( 72 ) car3a ( cAra ) zabda vibhaktiyA~ pa0 cauro bI0 ta caUhi ca0, cha. cauNhaM paM0 caUhito, caUsuto caUsu isI prakAra paMca, cha, satta, aTTa, Nava, daha, teraha Adi ke zabda rUpa bhI jAnanA caahie| dasavA~ pATha . dhAtu rUpa paribhASA-jisa mUla-zabda se kriyA kA artha nikalatA ho, use dhAtu kahate haiM aura jisa zabda se kisI kArya kA karanA athavA prakaTa hone kA bodha ho, use kriyA kahate haiN| jaise:--paDha+ i kriyA meM mUla zabda "paDha" dhAtu hai, usameM "i" pratyaya jor3akara use "par3hai" kriyA banAyA, jisakA artha huaA-- "par3hatA haiN"| tAtparya yaha ki kriyA ke mUla-rUpa ko dhAtu kahate haiM : prAkRta ke dhAtu-rUpoM kI pramukha vizeSatAe~ nimna prakAra haiM : --- (1) prAkRta ke dhAtu-rUpoM meM ekavacana evaM bahuvacana hI hotA hai / usameM dvivacana nahIM hotaa| . For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #82
( 73 ) ( 2 ) puruSa tInoM hote haiM- prathama puruSa, madhyama puruSa evaM uttama. puruSa / (3) vyaJjanAnta dhAtutroM meM 'pra' vikaraNa jor3akara unheM svarAnta banA diyA jAtA hai / (4) kartRvAcya evaM karmavAcya prAyaH eka samAna hote haiM / (5) Atmanepada kA prAyaH lopa evaM parasmaipada rUpoM kI pradhAnatA milatI hai / (6) vartamAna, bhUta, bhaviSyat prAjJArthaka, vidhyarthaka evaM kriyAtipatti ina chaha kAloM kI pradhAnatA milatI hai / , (7) prAjJArthaka evaM vidhyarthaka tathA bhUta-kAla evaM kriyAtipatti ke rUpoM meM prAyaH samAnatA dRSTigocara hotI haiM / (8) dhAtu rUpoM meM svAdigaNa kI pradhAnatA milatI hai / ( 8 ) as dhAtu ke vartamAna, bhaviSyat, vidhi, evaM AjJA ke sabhI vacanoM evaM puruSoM meM eka samAna rUpa milate haiM / (ka) vartamAna kAla ke pratyaya-cinha puruSa paDhabho purisAM majjhima puriso uttima pUrito mo mu ina pratyaya - cinhoM kA prayoga isa prakAra kiyA jAyagA : ekavacana i, e si, se mi (1) ho ( hone artha meM bhU-) dhAtu ke rUpa puruSa pa0 pu0 ekavacana hoi bahuvacana nti, te itthA, ha bahuvacana hoMti For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #83
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra ma0 pu0 hosi u0 pu0 homi (2) paDha ( paDhane artha meM paTh) dhAtu puruSa ekavacana pa0 pu0 ma0 pu0 u0 pu0. (3) has (ha~sane artha meM- has- ) dhAtu puruSa ekavacana paM0 pu0 ma0 pu0 u0 pu0 G paM0 pu0 ma0 pu0, u0 pu0 hasai hasasi hAmi (4) gaccha (jAne artha meM ) dhAtu puruSa ekavacana pa0 pu0 gacchai ma0 pu0 u0 pu0 gacchasiM gacchAmi (5) Nha ( snAna karane ke artha meM) dhAtu puruSa ekavacana Sim www.kobatirth.org wi ( 74 ) HONEY P paDhai paDhasi paThAmi vhAi hAsi hAmi Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - For Private and Personal Use Only hoitthA, hoha homo bahubacana paDhaMti paDhisthA, paDhaha paDhimo bahubaccana hati hasitthA hasimo bahubaccana gacchati gacchatthA, gaccha macchimo bahuvacana hAMti hAitthA, vhAi vhAmo

Page #84
( 75 ) haNaMti (6) haNa (mArane artha meM) dhAtu puruSa ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 pU0 - haNai - ma0 pu0 - haNasi haNitthA, haNaha u0 pu0 - haNAmi haNimo (7) kara (karane artha meM-kR--) dhAtu puruSa . ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 pu0 - karai - karaMti ma. pu0 - karasi karitthA, karaha u0 pu0 - karAmi karimo (8) pA (pIne ke artha meM) dhAtu . puruSa ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 pu0 - pAi ma. pu0 - pAsi pAitthA, pAha u0 pu0 - pAmi pAmo (6) as (hai, "thA" ke artha meM) dhAtu ekavacana vahuvacana pa0 pu0 - atthi - asthi ma0 pu0 - atthi, asi- atthi u. pu0 - atthi, amhi- , atthi, amho vizeSa :-as dhAtu para pUrvokta niyama pUrNa rUpa se lAgU nahIM hote| dhyAtavya-dhAtu-rUpoM kA yahI krama Age ke bhUta, bhaviSyat prAdi kAloM meM bhI rakhA jaaygaa| pAMti puruSa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #85
( 76 ) (kha) bhUtakAla ke pratyaya ( vinha ) vizeSa--dhyAtavya--(a) bhUtakAla meM akArAnta ( arthAt saMskRta meM vyaMjanAnta ) dhAtuoM meM sabhI puruSoM evaM vacanoM meM "I" pratyaya lagatA hai| (A) anya prAkArAnta ekArAnta evaM prokArAnta dhAtuoM meM sabhI puruSoM evaM sabhI vacanoM meM 'hI," "hI," "sI," pratyaya juTate haiM , udAharaNArtha __ puruSa ekavacana bahuvacana paDhamo puriso Ia. I| vyaMjanAnta majjhimo puriso , ,, | dhAtuoM . uttima puriso ,, ke lie puruSa ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 pu0-hIa, hI, sI hI, hI, sI | svarAnta - ma0 pu0-" , , , , " dhAtupro u0 pu0-, , , , , , ke lie - dhAtu rUpoM meM inake prayoga isa prakAra kie jAveMge :(1) ho ( hone artha meM bhU ) dhAtu . . ___ puruSa ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 pu0 - hohIa, hohI, hosI-hohIa, hohI, hosI ma0 pu0 - " . , , -- " , / u0 pu0 - " " " " " (2) paDha ( paDhane artha meM paTh ) dhAtu ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 pu0 - paDhihIa, paDhiya paDhihIya, paDhiya paDhihI, paDhisI paDhihI, paDhisI - - puruSa - For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #86
paDhihI, paDhisI " " . ma0 pu0 - . paDhihI, paDhisI u0 pu0 - " . , (3) has ( haMsane artha meM ) dhAtu purupa ekavacana 50 pu0 - hasIna bahubacana hasIna ma0 pu0 - puruSa u0 pu0 - (4) gaccha ( jAne ke artha meM ) dhAtu ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 pu0 gacchI gacchI ma0 e0 - u0 pu0 - (5) Nha ( snAna karane ke artha meM) dhAtu puruSa ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 pu0-hAhI hAhI, hAsI-hAhIna, hAhI, hAsI ma0 pu0- , " - " " " u0 pa0- ,, , , - . , " (6) haNa ( mArane artha meM ) dhAtu ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 pu0 haNI haNI ma0 pu0 u0 pu. puruSa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #87
--- (7) kara ( karane artha meM kR ) dhAtu puruSa ekavacana pa0 pu0 karIa ma0 pu0 uM0 pu0 "" (8) pA (pIne artha meM ) dhAtu puruSa ( puruSa paDhamo puriso 78 ) " pa0 pu0 ma0 pu0 u0 pu0 ( 8 ) as ( "hai" "thA" artha meM ) dhAtu puruSa ekavacana Asi hesi pa0 pu0 ma0 pu0 "" " u0 pu0 (ga) bhaviSyatkAla ke pratyaya - cinha ekavacana "" ekavacana 7 bahuvacana pAhI pAhI, pAsI pAhIna, pAhI, pAsI 19 17 "Y ssa, hii ssasi, hisi - svAmi, hAmi - (1) ho ( hone ke artha meM bhU ) dhAtu ekavacana hossara, hohii " For Private and Personal Use Only bahubacana karIa " "} .. 17 " puruSa pa0 pu0 ma0 pu0 u0 pu0 ina pratyayoM kA prayoga isa prakAra kiyA jAyagA : , 39 bahuvacana Asi, hesi 17 "1 " 97 bahuvacana svaMti hii saha. hiha, hitthA sAmo, hAmo bahuvacana hossaMti hohiti

Page #88
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra ( 76 ) majjhimo puriso - hossasi, hohisi - hossaha, hohityA - hossAmi, hohAmi :- hossAmo, hohAmo -- uttimo puriso (2) paDha ( paDhane ke artha meM paTh ) dhAtu puruSa ekavacana bahuvacana ba0 pu0 paDhisai, pahira - paDhissaMti, paDhihiti paDhissasi, paDhihisi - paDhissaha, paDhihitthA ma0 pu0 u0 pu0 - paDhissAmi, paDhihimi - paDhissAmo, paDhihimo (3) hasa ( ha~sane ke artha meM ) dhAtu puruSa ekavacana - pa0 pu0 ma0 pu0 u0 pu0. (4) gaccha dhAtu puruSa ekabacana bahuvacana Sa0 pu0 - gacchassai gaMcchihii - gacchissaMti gacchihiti ma0 pu0 - gacchassa si, gacchi hisi - gacchassaha, gacchihitthA u0 pu0 - gacchassAmi, gacchihimi - gacchassAmo, gacchi himo (5) vaha dhAtu puruSa -- bahuvacana hasissai, hasihii - hasissaMti, hasihiti hasissasi, hasihisi -- hasissaha, harihitthA hasissAmi, hasi himi - hasissAmo, hasiMhimo -- ekavacana pa0 pu0 hAi, mahAi hAssaMti, pahAhiMti ma0 pu0 hAssasi, hAhisi - vhA hissaha, mahAhityA u0 pu0 vhAssAmi mahAhimi - vhAssAmo, hAhimo bahuvacana For Private and Personal Use Only -

Page #89
( 80 ). (6) haNa dhAtupuruSa ekavaMcana bahuvacana pa0 pu0 ~~ haNissai, haNihii - haNissaMti, haNihiti ma0 pu0 - haNissasi, haNihisi - haNissaha, haNihitthA u0 pu0 - haNissAmi, haNihimi- haNissAmo, haNihimo (7) kara dhAtu-. puruSa ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 pu0 - karissai, karihii - karispati, karihiti ma0 pu0 - karissasi, karihisi - karissaha, karihitthA u0 pu0 - karissAmi, karihi mi- karissAmo, karihimo (8) pA dhAtu puruSa ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 pu0 -- pAssai, pAhii - pAssaMti, pAhiti ma0 pu0 pAssasi, pAhisi - pAssaha, pAhitthA u0 pU0 -pAssAmi, pAhimi -- pAssAmo, pAhimo - - (8) asa dhAtupuruSa pa0 pu0 - ma0 pu0 u0 pu0 ekavacana asthi bahuvacana atthi For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #90
- - - - (81 ) (gha) vidhi evaM AjJArthaka-pratyaya puruSa ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 pu0 - u vartamAna kAla ke "i" ma0 pu0 - su, hi - ha pratyaya ko prAyaH "u" u0 pu0 - mu - pratyaya meM badala dene se isake rUpa bana jAte haiN| ina pratyayoM kA prayoga nimna prakAra kiyA jAyagA :(1) ho dhAtu puruSa ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 pu0 - hou hontu ma0 pu0 - hosu, hohi - . hoha u. pu. homa homo (2) paDha dhAtu ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 pu0 - paDhau paDhaMtu ma0 10 - paDhasu, paDhahi - paDhaha u. pU0 - paDham (3) hama dhAtu puruSa ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 pu0 - hasau - hsNtu| isameM vikalpa se ma0 pu0 - hasasU, hasahi- hasaha ekAra bhI hotA u0 pu0 -- hasimu -- hasimo hai| ataH haseu, haseMtu Adi rUpa | bhI banate haiN| puruSa - paDhamo For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #91
( 82 ) - (4) gaccha dhAtu puruSa ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 pu -- gandara gandaMtu ma0 pu0 -- gacchasu gacchaha u0 pu0 -- . gacchama ___ --- gacchamo (5) eha dhAtu puruSa ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 pu0 ~~ hAu gRhAMntu ma0 pu0 - hAsu hAhi - hAha u0 pu0 - hAma hAmo haNa dhAtu puruSa ekavacana bahavacana pa0 pu0 - haNaja ma0 pu0 - haNasu, haNa hi - haNaha u0 pu0 - haNamu haNamo (7) kara dhAtu puruSa ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 pa0 - karau karantu ma0 pu0 - karasu, karahi - karaha u0 pu0 - karamu . karimo (8) pA dhAtu puruSa ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 pu0 - pAu pAntu haNaMtu - - For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #92
( 83 ) ma0 pu0 - pAsu, pAhi -- pAha u0 pu0 - pAmu - pAmo (6) as dhAtu isake dhAtu rUpa bhabiSyata kAla ke samAna hote haiM / (Ga) kriyAtipatti ke pratyaya-cinha puruSa ekavacana bahuvacana pa0 pu0 -- jja, jjA, nta, mANa-jja, jjA, nta, mANa ma0 pu0 - " " , " -" " " u0 pu0 - " " " " --" , " " ukta pratyayoM ke prayoga sabhI vacanoM evaM sabhI puruSoM meM eka samAna cleNge| jaise : . (1) ho vAtu-hojja, hojjA, hoto, homaanno|.. (2) paDha dhAtu-pADhejja, paDhejjA, paDhaMto, paDhamANo / (3) hasa dhAtu-hasejja, hasejjA, hasaMto, hsmaanno| . (4) gaccha dhAtu gachejja, gacchejjA, gacchaMto, gcchmaanno| (5) eha dhAtu - hejja, NhejjA, Nhato, prahamANo : (6) haN dhAtu-haNejja, haNejjA, haNato, hnnmaanno| (7) kara dhAtu - karejja, karejjA, karaMto, karamANo / (8) pA dhAtu-pAjja, pAjjA, pAMto, paamaanno| For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #93
prAkRta-bhASA evaM kAvya kA mahatva pAiyakavvassa namo pAiyakavvaM ca nimmiyaM jeNa / tAhaM ciya paNamAmo paDhiUNa ya je vi yANaMti // 1 // prAkRta kAvya ko namaskAra, prAkRta-kAvya kI racanA karane vAloM ko namaskAra aura unheM par3hakara jo unakA gUDhArtha samajha lete haiM, unheM bhI nmskaar| gAhANa rasA mahilANa vibhamA kaijaNANa ullaavaa| kassa na haraMti hiyayaM bAlANa ya mammaNullAvA // 2 // prAkRta-bhASAoM ke rasa, mahilAoM ke vibhrama ( hAva-bhAva ) kaviyoM kI uktiyA~ aura bAlakoM ko totalI bolI kisake mana ko AkarSita nahIM karatI? gAhA ruai varAI sikkhijati gavAraloehiM / kIrai lucapalucA jaha gAI maMda dohehiM // 3 // jaba ga~vAra ( arasika ) jana prAkRta-kAvya saMkhane lagate haiM, taba prAkRta-gAthA becArI ro par3atI hai kyoMki ve loga use usI prakAra noMca-saroMca DAlate haiM, jisa prakAra koI anAr3I duhane vAlA gAya ke thana ko noMca-kharoMca DAlatA hai| sayalAo imaM vAyA visaMti eto ya Neti vaayaao| e'ti samuddacciya Neti sAyarAo cciya jalAiM // 4 // ___sabhI bhASAe~ usI prakAra isa prAkRta-bhASA meM vilIna ho jAtI haiM aura isI prAkRta-bhASA se nikalatI haiM, jisa prakAra samasta jala samudra meM vilIna ho jAtA hai aura samudra se hI nikalatA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #94
300625N. kobA, Serving JinShasan 138843 gyanmandini kobatirth.org For Private and Personal Use Only