Arhat Vachan 2007 07

Author(s): Anupam Jain
Publisher: Kundkund Gyanpith Indore
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/526575/1

Page #1
ahaMta vacana mA ARHAT VACANA varSa-19, aMka 3 Vol.-19, Issue 3 julAI-sitambara 2007 July - September 2007 SAGanApadapUna jAnakArajara salAma siddhakSetra siddhavarakUTa meM virAjita bhagavAna maSabhadeva kI prAcIna pratimA (napATha kundakunda jJAnapITha,indaura KUNDAKUNDA JNANAPITHA, INDORE

Page #2
ma.pra. ke rAjyapAla mahAmahima zrI balarAma jAkhar3ajI dinAMka 23.08.07 ko prasiddha samAjasevI evaM kundakunda jJAnapITha ke koSAdhyakSa/TrasTI DaoN. ajitakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla kA abhinandana karate hue| madhya meM DaoN. ema.sI. nAhaTA ospel Rei esus Relevant "RGHESE AL Mov tulanAtmaka dhArmika adhyayana ko protsAhita karane ke krama meM Fr.Alengaden Varghese dvArA likhita pustaka God in Flesh & Blood ke vimocana avasara para phAdara vargIsa kA prazasti patra pradAna kara abhinandana karate pro. e.e. abbAsI (nidezaka - kundakunda jJAnapITha) Janum LIDERMILCIT DIVILCISORCIUSSUMIN www HTCDIGINAUNS

Page #3
I.S.S.N. -0971-9024 varSa 19 aMka 3 * Volume 19, Issue 3 kundakunda jJAnapITha (devI ahilyA vizvavidyAlaya, indaura dvArA mAnyatA prApta zodha saMsthAna), indaura prakAzita zodha traimAsikI Quarterly Research Journal of Kundakunda Jnanapitha, INDORE (Recognised by Devi Ahilya University, Indore) mAnada sampAdaka DaoN. anupama jaina prAdhyApaka gaNita zAsakIya holakara svazAsI vijJAna mahAvidyAlaya, indaura - 452017 bhArata 0731-2797790, 2545421 arhat vacana ARHAT VACANA - prakAzaka devakumAra siMha kAsalIvAla adhyakSa kundakunda jJAnapITha, 584. mahAtmA gAMdhI mArga, tukogaMja, indaura 452001 (ma.pra) R.N.I. No. 50199/88 julAI sitambara 2007 July-September 2007 - HONY. EDITOR DR. ANUPAM JAIN Professor of Mathematics Govt. Holkar Autonomous Science College, INDORE - 452017 INDIA e.mail : anupamjain3@rediffmail.com PUBLISHER DEOKUMAR SINGH KASLIWAL President Kundakunda Jaanapitha 584, M.G. Road, Tukoganj, INDORE 452 001 (M.P.) INDIA (0731) 2545744, 2545421 (0) 24347 18, 2539081, 2454987 (R) svAmI zrI digambara jaina udAsIna Azrama TrasTa, kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura kI ora se devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla dvArA 584, mahAtmA gAMdhI mArga, indaura se prakAzita evaM sugana grAphiksa, LG 11, TreDa senTara, sAUtha tukogaMja, indaura se mudrita phona 4065518 sampAdaka : DaoN. anupama jaina, indaura

Page #4
arhat vacana sampAdaka maMDala / Arhat Vacana Editorial Board, 2007 & 08 zrI narendraprakAza jaina (adhyakSa) sevAnivRtta prAcArya, Shri Narendra Prakash Jain (President) Retired Principal, 104, naI bastI, 104, Nai Basti, phirojAbAda - 283 203 Firozabad 283 203 pro. lakSmI candra jaina sevAnivRtta prAdhyApaka gaNita evaM prAcArya, 554, sarAphA, dIkSA jvelarsa ke upara, jabalapura - 482002 pro. rAdhAcaraNa gupta sevAnivRtta prAdhyApaka gaNita, Ara-20, rasabahAra kaoNlonI, laharagirda, jhAMsI - 284003 DaoN. takAo hAyAzI prAdhyApaka vijJAna itihAsa, vijJAna evaM abhiyAMtrikI zodha saMsthAna, dozIzA vizvavidyAlaya, kyoTo - 610 - 03 jApAna pro. je. sI. upAdhyAya prAdhyApaka itihAsa, 172, reDiyo kaoNlonI, indaura - 452001 zrI sUrajamala bobarA nidezaka jJAnodaya phAunDezana, 9/2, snehalatAgaMja, indaura - 452003 zrI jayasena jaina sampAdaka - sanmati vANI, 201, amita apArTamenTa / pArasI mohallA indaura - 452001 DaoN. anItA jaina prAcArya zrI kaMvaratArA vijJAna evaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya, zrI nagara kaoNlonI, maNDalezvara, jilA kharagona - Prof. Laxmi Chandra Jain Retd. Professor of Mathematics & Principal, 554, Sarafa, Upstairs Diksha Jewellers, Jabalpur 482 002 Prof. Radha Charan Gupta Retired Professor of Mathematics, R-20, Rasbahar Colony, Lahargird Jhansi-284003 Dr. Takao Hayashi Professor History of Science, Science & Tech. Res. Institute, Doshisha University, Kyoto 610-03 Japan Prof. J.C. Upadhyay Professor of History, 172, Radio Colony, Indore 452001 Shri Surajmal Bobra Director Jnanodaya Foundation, 9/2, Snehlataganj, Indore 452003 Shri Jaisen Jain Editor - Sanmativani 201, Amit Apartment, 1/1 Parasi Mohalla, Indore 452001 Dr. Anita Jain Principal Shri Kanwartara Science and Commerce College, Shri Nagar Colony, Mandleshwar Dist. Khargaon sampAdakIya patrAcAra kA patA - DaoN. anupama jaina 'jJAna chAyA' DI- 14, sudAmA nagara, indaura - 452009 phona: 0731-2797790 email : anupamjain3@rediffmail.com & kundkund@sancharnet.in lekhakoM dvArA vyakta vicAroM ke liye ve svayaM uttaradAyI haiN| sampAdaka athavA sampAdaka maNDala kA unase sahamata honA Avazyaka nahIM haiN| isa patrikA se koI bhI Alekha punarmudrita karate samaya patrikA ke sambaddha aMka kA ullekha avazya kreN| sAtha hI sambaddha aMka kI eka prati bhI hameM preSita kreN| samasta vivAdoM kA nipaTArA indaura nyAyAlayIna kSetra meM hI hogA / 2 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 Dr. Anupam Jain 'Gyan Chhaya' D14, Sudama Nagar, Indore 452009 Ph.: 0731-2797790

Page #5
saMhitAsUripaM. nAthUlAla jaina zAstrI, indaura 01.11.1911 - 09.09.2007 kundakunda jJAnapITha indaurakI vinamra zraddhAMjali

Page #6

Page #7
varSa - 19, aMka - 3, julAI-sitambara 2007, 3-6 aheta vacana . . . mo - saMhitAsUri paM. nAthUlAla jaina zAstrI: kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura vinamra zraddhAMjali - anupama jaina* bIsavIM zatAbdI meM jaina sAhitya evaM saMskRti kI sevA karane vAle vidvAnoM meM guru gopAladAsa baraiyA, paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, DaoN. AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye, paM. makkhanalAla zAstrI, paM. mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya, paM. phUlacanda jaina zAstrI, paM. vaMzIdhara jaina vyAkaraNAcArya, DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI jyotiSAcArya, DaoN. darabArIlAla koThiyA nyAyAcArya, DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina, DaoN. pannAlAla jaina sAhityAcArya, paM. motIlAla koThArI, paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI, DaoN. kastUracandra kAsalIvAla Adi kA nAma atyanta AdarapUrvaka liyA jAtA hai| vidvAnoM kI isa pIr3hI ke antima nakSatra the saMhitAsUri paM. nAthUlAla jaina shaastrii| isa pIr3hI ke vidvAnoM ne abhAvoM meM rahakara bhI kabhI bhI siddhAntoM se samajhautA nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne apane jJAna kA sadupayoga pUrvAcAryoM dvArA praNIta graMthoM ke saMrakSaNa, svAdhyAya, manana, cintana, anuvAda evaM AlocanAtmaka adhyayana meM kiyaa| isI kA yaha suphala hai ki bIsavIM zatAbdI meM aneka prAcIna graMtha hindI/aMgrejI anuvAda evaM samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana sahita prakAza meM A sake / saMhitAsUri paM. nAthUlAla jaina zAstrI ne jaina saMskRta, jyotiSa evaM paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA vidhi kA sUkSma adhyayana kara samAja ke vyApaka hita meM isakA upayoga kiyaa| deza ke adhikAMza jaina sAdhu saMgha evaM samAjajana vibhinna dhArmika/mAMgalika kAryoM hetu zubha muhUrta ke cayana meM ApakA mArgadarzana prApta karate rahe / aSTAnhika/dazalakSaNa/dIpAvalI Adi paryoM kI tithiyoM ke nirdhAraNa meM unakA nirNaya hI pramANika mAnA jAtA rhaa| isI varSa varSAyoga sthApanA kI tithi ke nirdhAraNa meM ApakA nirNaya hI sarvatra mAnya kiyA gyaa| kundakunda jJAnapITha kArya pariSad ke upAdhyakSa tathA isake antargata saMcAlita kundakunda jJAnapITha parIkSA saMsthAna ke Apa saMsthApaka evaM jIvana paryanta nidezaka rahe haiN| aise manISI ke dinAMka 9.9.2007 ko hamAre bIca se cale jAne se samAja kI apUraNIya kSati huI hai| ApakA janma rAjasthAna prAnta ke antargata savAI mAdhopura jile ke grAma suralI (po. IsaradA) meM huA thaa| ApakA bacapana sukhada nahIM rhaa| kyoMki mAtA geMdIbAIjI janma ke samaya hI sAtha chor3a gaI tathA pitA zrI sundaralAla jI baja kA bhI 1919 meM hI nidhana ho gayA thaa| pitA ke sAtha 1917 meM ApakA indaura AnA huA evaM Apa malhAragaMja meM rahane lge| sara seTha hukumacanda chAtrAvAsa meM rahakara apanI zikSA ko gati dete hue isa pratibhAvAna bAlaka ne digambara jaina kAMca mandira meM pustakAlayAdhyakSa tathA dhArmika pAThazAlA ke zikSaka kA kAryabhAra grahaNa kiyaa| 1933 se 1957 taka sara hukumacanda saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya meM Apane zikSaka tathA 1957 se 1994 taka prAcArya ke pada para sevAyeM pradAna kii| 62 varSa kI dIrdhAvadhi taka eka mahAvidyAlaya ko satata sevAyeM denA svayaM meM eka rikArDa evaM Apake samarpaNa kA pratIka hai| ApakA vivAha 1.12.1933 ko malhAragaMja ke zrI sundaralAlajI pATanI kI suputrI zrImatI suzIlAbAI jI se huaa| jo svayaM vizArada taka kI zikSA prApta thIM evaM sevA nivRtti taka adhyApikA ke rUpa meM apanI sevAyeM detI rhii| isa dampatti ko 1 putra tathA 6 putriyoM kA bharA pUrA parivAra prApta huaa| * mAnada saciva, kundakunda jJAnapITha,584 mahAtmA gA~dhI mArga, tukogaMja, indaura - 452001

Page #8
suputra zrI jinendra kumAra jaina (upanAma-lAlA) sevA nivRtta baiMka adhikArI haiN| putravadhU zrImatI tArA jaina atyanta sevAbhAvI sugRhaNI haiN| AdaraNIya paM. jI ko ghara meM pote, potiyoM, nAtI, nAtineM sabhI bAbA nAma se sambodhita karate the| ApakI dharmapatnI kA nidhana 1995 meM ho gayA thaa| zramaNa saMskRti ke ananya upAsaka hone ke sAtha hI Apa rASTra evaM rASTrabhASA kI pragati ke liye satat saceSTa rhe| 1942 ke bhArata chor3o Andolana ke yoddhA banate hue Apane AjIvana khAdI pahanane kA vrata liyA tathA use jIvana paryanta nibhaayaa| ghara-ghara jAkara hindI sAhitya kI pustakeM becii| jisase hindI kA pracAra huaa| 1942 se 1949 taka Apane hindI bhASI jaina patra jaina hitecchu kA sampAdana kiyaa| 1971 se 1984 taka digambara jaina mAlavA prAntika sabhA bar3anagara evaM mahAvIra TrasTa indaura ke mukha patra sanmati vANI kA bhI sampAdana kiyaa| 1984 se jIvana paryanta Apa sanmati vANI ke parAmarza sampAdaka tathA vigata aneka varSoM se pariNaya pratIka ke parAmarzadAtA rhe| jyotiSa ke kSetra meM ApakI prAvINyatA evaM pratiSThA kA anumAna isI bAta se lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki gata 1934 se ve jIvana paryanta jaina tithi darpaNa kA nirmANa kara prakAzana karAte rhe| samasta jaina vratoM evaM parvoM kA nirdhAraNa isI tithi darpaNa se hotA hai| sAmAjika sevA ke kSetra meM anya aneka dAyitvoM ke atirikta ve 5 ke dazaka se 1987 taka a. bhA. di. jaina mahAsabhA parIkSA borDa ke maMtrI rhe| isake atirikta 1979 meM a.bhA. di. jaina vidvat pariSad ke adhyakSa taduparAnta AjIvana saMrakSaka, 1988 se kundakunda jJAnapITha parIkSA borDa (parIkSA saMsthAna) ke nidezaka, 1995 se kundakunda jJAnapITha kArya pariSad ke upAdhyakSa ke rUpa meM Apa apanI amUlya sevAyeM niSpRha bhAva se pradAna karate rhe| Apa vIra nirvANa graMtha prakAzana samiti indaura, jaina sahakArI per3hI indaura (pUrva adhyakSa evaM parAmarzadAtA), varddhamAna vizAMtigRha, vidyArthI sahAyatA koSa, bhagavAna bAhubalI gommaTagirI TrasTa (upAdhyakSa), dhannAlAla ratanalAla kAlA TrasTa, javaracanda phUlacanda godhA graMthamAlA tathA digambara jaina samAja indaura (saMrakSaka) se vividha rUpoM meM jur3e rahe haiN| sAhitya sevA ke kSetra meM Apake dvArA nimnAMkita pustakoM kA sRjana / sampAdana kiyA gyaa| 01. mahilAoM ke prati, lAlA hajArI lAla chaganalAla mittala, indaura, 1933 02. digambara jaina muniyoM kA Adarza, indaura, 26.11.34 ( anAma ) jaina vivAha vidhi, indaura, 1950 03. 04. adhyAtma paMcasaMgraha, udAsIna Azrama, indaura, 1940 (sampAdita) 05. vIra nirvANotsava evaM navIna bahI muhUrta vidhi, indaura, 1950 abhiSeka pATha, prastAvanA sahita indaura, 21-08-56 07. jaina vivAha saMskAra, zrI javaracanda phUlacanda godhA graMthamAlA, indaura, 1970 08. tIrtha yAtrA bhAga 18 zrI javaracanda phUlacanda godhA graMthamAlA Adi vibhinna sthAnoM se prakAzita, 1977 Adi / 09. kalikuNDa pArzvanAtha pUjana, hukumacanda sogAnI, indaura, 1977 ( anAma ) 10. jinapUjA / jina maMdira (saha lekhaka elAcArya munizrI vidyAnanda), vIra nirvANa graMtha prakAzana samiti, indaura, 1982 4 7 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #9
11. naitika zikSA, bhAga 1-7, kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura, prathama saMskaraNa, 1983 Adi adyatana sAta saMskaraNa prkaashit| 12. pratiSThA pradIpa,vIra nirvANa graMtha prakAzana samiti, indaura, prathama saMskaraNa, 1990, dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1998 13. Atmadharma - samAjadharma, zrI javaracanda phUlacanda godhA graMthamAlA, indaura, prathama saMskaraNa, 1994 14. dharma, zrI javaracanda phUlacanda godhA graMthamAlA, indaura, 1996 15. jaina saMskAra vidhi, zrI vIra nirvANa graMtha prakAzana samiti, indaura, prathama saMskaraNa, janavarI 1998 16. mUlasaMgha aura usakA prAcIna sAhitya, kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura prathama saMskaraNa, 1999 I.S.B.N. - 81-86933 - 14-X 17. prAgvaidika - prAgaitihAsika jaina dharma aura usake siddhAnta, disambara sela yuvaka saMgha, indaura, prathama saMskaraNa, 2001 18. AtmA se paramAtmA kA vijJAna (prakAzanAdhIna) isake atirikta hindI jaina sAhitya tathA pAvAgiri itihAsa zIrSaka pustakoM kI racanA kA zreya bhI paM. jI ko diyA jAtA hai| kintu hameM ye pustakeM dekhane kA saubhAgya nahIM milaa| kramAMka 2 evaM 9 para iMgita pustakoM meM paM. jI kA nAma lekhaka ke rUpa meM aMkita nahIM hai| kintu parijanoM evaM bujurgoM ne batAyA ki ye paM. jI kI kRtiyAM haiN| nAma na denA paM. jI kI nispRhatA kA pratIka hai| ApakI ina sAhityika evaM sAmAjika sevAoM hetu Apako pratiSThA divAkara, saMhitAsUri, jaina siddhAntamahodadhi, siddhAntAcArya, zrutayogI Adi upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita kiyA gyaa| ApakI niSpRha sevAoM hetu vibhinna sthAnoM para sammAnita kiyA gyaa| inameM se kucha pramukha sammAna nimnavat haiM - 1951 - a.bhA. di. jaina mahAsabhA dvArA hindI jaina sAhitya ke lekhana hetu| 1952 - modI nagara u.pra. meM paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA ke avasara para 'pratiSThA divAkara' kI upaadhi| 1974 - vIra nirvANa bhAratI dvArA tatkAlIna uparASTrapati mahAmahima DaoN. vI.DI. jattI ke kara kamaloM se sammAnita evaM 'jaina siddhAntAcArya' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita / 1974 - digambara jaina samAja dillI dvArA tatkAlIna udyoga maMtrI DaoN. zaMkara dayAla zarmA jI ke kara kamaloM se smmaanit| 1978 - digambara jaina samAja indaura dvArA 5 jana ko 50vidvAnoM kI upasthiti meM smmaan| 1981 - tatkAlIna rASTrapati mahAmahima jJAnI jailasiMhajI ke kara kamaloM se zravaNabelagolA meM smmaanit| 1993 - kundakunda jJAnapITha dvArA pratiSThA pradIpa graMtha para prathama kundakunda jJAnapITha puraskAra se smmaanit| 1995 - dillI meM gAMdhInAthAraMga jI digambara jaina janamaMgala pratiSThAna, solApura dvArA rASTrasaMta AcArya zrI vidyAnandajI mahArAja kI upasthiti meM kundakunda puraskAra se sammAnita evaM 'zrutayogI' arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #10
kI upAdhi se vibhuussit| 1998 - sarAkoddhAraka saMta upA. jJAnasAgarajI ke sAnnidhya meM 23-02-98 ko AcArya zAMtisAgara chANI smRti zruta saMvarddhana puraskAra se sammAnita / 2006 - tor3A kI goTha (mANaka cauka di. jaina mandira) dvArA pratiSThA marmajJa kI upAdhi se sammAnita evaM navanirmita saMhitAsUri paM. nAthUlAla jaina zAstrI hAla kA lokArpaNa / 2007 - muni zrI praNAmasAgarajI mahArAja ke sAnnidhya meM indaura meM zruta paMcamI (19.06.07) ke avasara para jaina manISI kI upAdhi se sammAnita / yaha paM. jI ke jIvana kA antima sArvajanika sammAna rhaa| AdaraNIya paM. jI kA vyaktitva bahuAyAmI, jIvana saralatApUrNa evaM preraka rahA hai| hIrA bhaiyA prakAzana se DaoN. nemIcanda jaina ke sampAdakatva meM prakAzita tIrthaMkara patrikA ne jUna 1978 (varSa-8, aMka3) meM paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI vizeSAMka prakAzita kiyA thaa| yaha vizeSAMka paM. jI ke vyaktitva para vistRta prakAza DAlane ke sAtha hI jaina paM. paramparA kA saMgrahaNIya dastAveja hai| isI vizeSAMka meM paM. jI ne pRSTha 17 para Atmakathana meM samAja kI sthiti kA citra khIMcA hai| 'paNDitoM ko samAja meM bahuta kama vetana milatA hai| unase adhika eka klarka yA munIma ko milatA hai| kisI paMcAyatI saMsthA meM kAma karane vAle paNDitajI ko sabhI apanA bhRtya mAnate haiN| saba ko khuza rakhe binA vaha apane pada para sthira nahIM raha pAte / merA to vyaktigata saMsthA kA kAma hone se sArA jIvana eka hI jagaha vyatIta ho gyaa|' sara seTha hukumacanda jI ke khAnadAna ke variSThatama sadasya evaM kundakunda jJAnapITha tathA digambara jaina udAsIna Azrama TrasTa Adi darjanoM saMsthAoM ke adhyakSa zrI devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla (kAkA sA.) ne paM. jI ko zraddhAMjali samarpita karate hue kahA ki 'paM. jI kA jyotiSa viSayaka jJAna atyanta saTIka thaa| maiMne svayaM pArivArika evaM sAmAjika kAryoM hetu jaba kabhI koI muhUrta pUchA vaha sadaiva bahuta hI phalaprada rhaa| unake nidhana se samAja ne eka vizvasta jyotiSa marmajJa kho diyA hai|' kundakunda jJAnapITha parivAra ko isa jaina manISI ke nidhana se apUraNIya kSati huI hai| paM. nAthUlAlajI zAstrI ko sammAnita karate hue uparASTrapati zrI vI.DI. jattI (1974) arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #11
arhat vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura varSa - 19 aMka 3 julAI sitambara 2007, 7-22 vRkSa evaM tIrthaMkara # narendra nami * sArAMza jaina paramparA meM paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa evaM vRkSoM para vipula sAmagrI upalabdha hai / pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke dIkSA vana, ke vasyavRkSa evaM samavazaraNa ke antarjata aSTabhUmiyoM ke varNana meM vRkSoM kI prakRti ke bAre meM yatheSTa sAmagrI upalabdha hai| prastuta Alekha meM pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke kevalya vRkSa kA nAma, saMskRta nAma, laiTina nAma evaM auSadhIya mahatva kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| sampAdaka paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa ko aba gaMbhIratA se liyA jA rahA hai| paryAvaraNa meM parivartana se jahA~ nadiyoM kA jalagrahaNa kSetra ghaTa rahA hai vahIM bhUmi kA jalastara bahuta nIce jAkara lupta hone kI sthiti meM hai| mausama meM tejI se parivartana hone ke sAtha pharavarI meM teja garmI evaM mArca meM ThaMDa anubhava ho rahI hai| mausama vijJAniyoM ke anusAra amerikA meM garmiyoM meM Aye tIna bar3e cakravAtI tUphAnoM kA kAraNa bhI yahI hai| mausama parivartana se jahAM phasaloM para prabhAva par3a rahA hai vahIM mAnava svAsthya bhI prabhAvita huA hai| paryAvaraNavidoM ke anusAra bar3ha rahe tApamAna ko sudhArane kA upAya hai ki grIna hAusa gaisoM kA utsarjana nyUnatana kiyA jAve tathA bar3e paimAne para vRkSAropaNa kiyA jaaye| paudhoM, jantuoM (jisameM manuSya sammilita haiM) tathA unake samasta vAtAvaraNa meM ApasI saMbaMdha hai ye pArasparika kriyA karate rahate haiM tathA eka dUsare para anyonyAzrita haiN| ve dUsare ko prabhAvita karate haiN| yaha taMtra yadi saMtulita hai to svacAlita evaM svAvalambI hotA hai| hamArA Eco-System aniyojita vikAsa ke kAraNa prabhAvita huA hai| mAnava jAti kA astitva vRkSa tathA vana para atyaMta nirbhara hai| vana vAtAvaraNa, jalacakra, mRdA kI sthiratA ko sunizcita karate haiN| jaMgalI pazuoM ko ucita bhojana tathA rahane ke liye ucita sthAna pradAna karate haiM tathA vAyu pradUSaNa ko ghaTAne meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna dete haiN| paryAvaraNa dUSita na hone ke lie saMvidhAna ke anuccheda 48 e meM nidezAtmaka siddhAnta (Directive Principles) batAye gaye haiM tathA anuccheda 51 e (G) meM buniyAdI kartavya batAye gaye haiN| jisake anusAra pratyeka bhAratIya nAgarika ko paryAvaraNa kI surakSA aura usake vikAsa ke lie kartavya parAyaNa rahanA caahie| ye prAvadhAna 1976 meM kiye gaye haiM / Article 48 A-Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life. The state shall endeavour to protect and improve the enviroment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country. Article 51 A (G) reads thus - To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, riv ers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures. bhAratIya vana adhiniyama 1927 (kramAMka 16 / 1927) meM vana tathA vRkSa ko nimnAnusAra ullikhita kiyA hai * mahAprabaMdhaka - udyoga vibhAga, ma.pra. zAsana, nivAsa: bI-120, vidyA nagara, hozaMgAbAda roDa, bhopAla (ma.pra.)

Page #12
'vana' eka aisA vistIrNa bhUbhAga hai jo vRkSoM se tathA usameM ugane vAle vRkSoM se DhakA huA rahatA hai aura kabhI-kabhI cArAgAha meM milA julA bhUbhAga rahatA hai - yaha paribhASA oNksaphorDa aMgrejI zabda koza ke AdhAra para - lakSmaNa icchArAma viruddha DivIjanala phaoNresTa oNphisara ke mAmale meM nAgapura hAIkorTa ne (e.AI. Ara. 1953 nAgapura 51 ) dI hai| 'vRkSa' - bhAratIya vana adhiniyama 1927 dhArA 2 ( 7 ) ke anusAra vRkSa meM sammilita haiM tAr3a, bAMsa, ThUTha, jhAr3I, lakar3I tathA beMta prajAti / 'vRkSa' ma.pra. vRkSoM kA parirakSaNa (nagarIya kSetra) adhiniyama 2007 (ma. pra. adhiniyama kramAMka 20 san 2001 ) kI dhArA 2 (kha) ke anusAra vRkSa se abhipreta hai koI aisA kASThIya paudhA jisakI zAkhAyeM tane yA kAya se nikalatI haiM tathA jo tane yA kAya para AlaMbita ho aura jisake tane yA kAya kA vyAsa bhUmitala se 2 mITara se kama na ho| jaina sAhitya meM vanoM evaM vRkSoM kA varNana hai| lekina jaina tIrthaMkaroM ne jisa vana meM dIkSA grahaNa kI usI dIkSAvana ke viziSTa vRkSa ke nIce kevalajJAna prApta kiyA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke samavazaraNa kA jo manohArI varNana hai unakI aSTa bhUmiyoM meM tIsarI, cauthI tathA chaThavIM bhUmi ke vana tathA vRkSoM ke mahatva ko darzAyA gayA hai| maMgalASTaka meM jambUvRkSa, zAlmalI vRkSa, caityavRkSa para sthita jina caityAlaya se maMgala kAmanA kI gaI hai| jyotirvyantara- bhAvanAmaragRhe merau kulAdrau tathA jambU - zAlmali caityazAkhiSu tathA vakSAra rupyAdiSu / iSvAkAragirau ca kuNDalanage dvIpe ca nandIzvare zaile ye manujottare jinagRhAH kurvantu te maGgalam // 17 // isI prakAra dazalakSaNadharma pUjA meM apanI sugaMdha se urdhvaloka ko sugandhita karane vAle mandAra, maulisirI ( vakula), kamala aura pArijAta kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| mandAra-kunda bakulotpala- pArijAtaiH puSpaiH sugandha surabhIkRtamUrdhvalokaiH / kalpadruma (samavazaraNa hI kalpadruma hai) vidhAna meM tIrthaMkaroM ke aMtaraMga aura bahiraMga vaibhava ke sAtha samavazaraNa kA manohArI varNana saMyojita hai| isameM aSTabhUmi pUjana, caityavRkSa, kalpavRkSa, siddhArthavRkSa, mAnastambha tathA jina stUpa pUjana kA samAveza hai| aSTa bhUmiyAM haiM- 1. caityaprAsAda bhUmi, 2. khAtikA bhUmi, 3. latA bhUmi, 4. upavana bhUmi, 5. dhvajA bhUmi, 6. kalpavRkSa bhUmi, 7. bhavana bhUmi evaM 8. zrImaMDapa bhUmi / bhagavAna tIrthaMkaroM ke samavazaraNa meM aSTa bhUmiyoM meM se tIsarI bhUmi latA bhUmi hai jo vividha latAoM se zobhita hai| cauthI bhUmi upavana bhUmi hai jisameM caityavRkSa haiN| chaThavIM bhUmi kalpavRkSa bhUmi hai isI bhUmi meM siddhArtha vRkSa hai / upavana bhUmi kunda, 8 - uttara dizA caityavRkSa jina pratimA yukta haiM pUrva dizA dakSiNa dizA pUrva dizA dakSiNa dizA pazcima dizA nandanavana, azokavana saptacchadavana caMpakavana Amravana azoka caitya taru saptacchada caitya taru arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #13
pazcima dizA - caMpaka caitya taru uttara dizA - Amravana caitya taru kalpavRkSa bhUmi - cAroM dizAoM meM siddhArthavRkSa para jina pratimAjI haiN| kalpavRkSa - 1. pAnAMga, 2. tUryAMga, 3. bhUSaNAMga, 4. vastrAMga, 5. bhojanAMga, 6. AlayAMga, 7. dIpAMga, 8. bhAjanAMga,9. mAlAMga, 10. tejaaNg| isI bhUmi meM siddhArtha vana haiM - siddhArtha vana : Agneya dizA - meru bhUpa taru naiRtya dizA - maMdAra bhUpa taru vAyavya dizA - saMtAnaka bhUpa taru IzAna dizA - pArijAta bhUpa taru jisa vana meM jAkara tIrthaMkaroM ne dIkSA lI use dIkSAvana tathA jisa vRkSa ke nIce dIkSA dhAraNa karate haiM use dIkSA vRkSa kahate haiN| caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke dIkSAvana nimnAnusAra haiM - 1. AdinAtha (siddhArtha), 2. ajitanAtha (sahetuka), 3. sambhavanAtha (sahetuka), 4. abhinandana nAtha (ugravana), 5. sumatinAtha (sahetuka), 6. padmaprabha (manohara), 7. supArzvanAtha (sahetuka), 8. caMdraprabha (sarvartuka/sarvArtha), 9. puSpadaMta (puSpa/puSpaka), 10. zItalanAtha (sahetuka), 11. zreyAMsanAtha (manohara), 12. vAsupUjya (manohara), 13. vimalanAtha (sahetuka), 14. anantanAtha (sahetuka), 15. dharmanAtha (zAli/zAla), 16. zAMtinAtha (Ama/sahasrAmra), 17. kuMthunAtha (sahetuka), 18. arahanAtha (sahetuka), 19. mallinAtha (zAli tathA pratiSThA ratnAkara tathA caubIsI purANa meM zvetavana),20. munisuvrata (nIlavana), 21. naminAtha (caitravana/ citravana), 22. neminAtha (sahasrAma), 23. pArzvanAtha (azvatthavana/azvavana), 24. mahAvIra (SaNDavana tathA pratiSThA ratnAkara meM jJAtR (nAtha) vn)| tIrthaMkaroM ne jisa vRkSa ke nIce kevalajJAna prApta kiyA usa vRkSa ko kaivalya vRkSa kahA gayA hai| vibhinna graMthoM meM diye gaye vRkSoM ko nimna tAlikA meM darzAyA gayA hai| kraM. tIrthaMkara uttara purANa caubIsI purANa bhASAvacanikA pratiSThA paMca kalyANaka ratnAkara pratiSThA AdinAtha jaina tatvavidyA vaTa nyagrodha 2. ajitanAtha saptaparNa saptaparNa saptaparNa saptacchada saptaparNa (chativana) 3. sambhavanAtha zAlmali zAla zAla sAla zAlmali (semara) 4. abhinandananAtha asana zAla sarala sAla asana (bIjaka) 5. sumatinAtha priyaMgu priyaMgu priyaMgu priyaMgu priyaMgu 6. padmaprabha -- priyaMgu priyaMgu supArzvanAtha zirISa zirISa zirISa zrIkhaMDa zirISa (sirasa) 8. caMdraprabha nAgavRkSa nAga nAgavRkSa/ nAgavRkSa nAga nAgakezara arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 priyaMgu

Page #14
jambU pIpala Ama 9. puSpadaMta nAgavRkSa nAga zAla sAla akSa (baher3A) 10. zItalanAtha bilva akSa (baher3A) palAza dhUlIpalAza (bela) 11. zreyAMsanAtha tumbura tumbura tinduka tendu (tumbUra) 12. vAsupUjya kadamba kadamba pATalA pATala kadamba (pATala) 13. vimalanAtha jAmuna jAmuna pATala/kadama jambU 14. anantanAtha pIpala pIpala / pIpala pIpala 15. dharmanAtha saptacchada saptacchada dadhiparNa/kaiMtha dadhiparNa dadhiparNa (saptacchada) 16. zAMtinAtha nandyAvarta nandyAvarta nandI nandI nandyAvarta vRkSa 17. kuMthunAtha tilaka tilaka tilaka tilaka tilaka 18. arahanAtha Amra mAkanda Amra Amra Amra 19. mallinAtha azoka azoka azoka azoka azoka (kaMkelI) 20. munisuvrata campaka campaka campaka/campA campA campaka 21. naminAtha bakula maulizrI bakula maulasirI bakula bakula (maulizrI) (bakula) 22. neminAtha meSazrRMga (guDamAra) bAMsa meSazrRMga 23. pArzvanAtha devadAru Amra dhaba/dhau dhava dhava (devadAru) 24. mahAvIra zAla sAgauna zAla sAla zAlmali (zAla) aba hama kramazaH caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke dIkSAvana tathA kaivalyavRkSa ke Agamika saMdarmoM evaM unake Adhunika vanaspati vijJAniyoM meM pracalita nAmoM (Botanical Names) ko saMkalita kreNge| isI zrRMkhalA meM hamane saMskRta bhASA meM kaivalya vRkSoM ke varNanoM ko bhI saMkalita kiyA hai tathA ina paudhoM ke auSadhIya mahatva ko bhI rekhAMkita kiyA hai / jainAyurveda ke graMthoM tathA ina paudhoM ke auSadhIya mahatva para vyApaka gahana anusaMdhAna apekSita hai| bAMsa vaMza 1. AdinAtha bhagavAna maunI dhyAnI sa nirmAno dezAna praviharana shnai:| puraM purimatAlAkhyaM sudhiirnyedhuraasdt||218|| nAtyAsannavidUre'smAdudyAne shkttaahye| zucau nirAkule ramye vivikte'sthAd vijantuke / / 219 / / nyagrodhapAdapasyAdhaH zilApaTTaM zuciM pRthum| so'dhyAsIna: samAdhAnamadhAd dhyAnAya shuddhdhii:||220|| tatra pUrvamukhaM sthitvA kRtplybndhnH| dhyAne praNidadhau cittaM lezyAzuddhi parAM dadhat / / 22 1|| AdipurANa bhAga-1, parva -20 purimatAla nagara ke samIpa zakaTa nAmaka udyAna jo pavitra, AkulatA rahita, ramaNIya, ekAnta aura jIvarahita thA, meM bhagavAna Thahara gaye / bhagavAna ne vahA~ vaTa vRkSa ke nIce eka pavitra tathA lambI caur3I zilA para pUrva dizA kI ora mukhakara padamAsana meM baiThakara dhyAna meM apanA citta lgaayaa| arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 10

Page #15
vaTa vRkSa vaTo: raktaphalaH zrRMGgI nyagrodhaH skandhajo dhruvaH / kSIrI vaizravaNo vAso bahupAdo vanaspatiH // 1 // bhAva prakAza nighaNTuH (vaTAdi varga), pR. - 513 vaTa, raktaphala, zrRGgI, nyagrodha, skandhaja, dhruva, kSIrI, vaizravaNa, vAsa, bahupAda, vanaspati ye saba baragada ke saMskRta nAma haiN| leTina meM Ficus bengalensis, fam. moraceae kahate haiN| yaha saba prAMtoM meM utpanna hotA hai| isakA vRkSa bahuta vizAla hotA hai| vaTaH zIto garugrahI kaphapittavraNApahaH / vaya visarpadAhadhnaH kaSAyo yonidoSahata ||2|| bhA. pra.ni., pR. - 513 baragada - kaSAyarasayukta, zItala, guru, grAhI, zarIra ke varNa ko uttama karane vAlA evaM kapha, pitta, vraNa, visarpa, dAha aura yoni sambaMdhI doSoM ko dUra karatA hai / 2 - ajitanAtha mAghe mAsi site pakSe rohiNyAM navamIdine / sahetuke va saptaparNadrumasamIpagaH // 3811 uttarapurANa, pR. - 4 bhagavAna ajitanAtha ne sahetuka vana meM saptaparNa vRkSa ke samIpa dIkSA lii| dIkSA lete hI manaH paryayajJAna se sampanna ho gaye / saptaparNaH (chativana - sataunA) saptaparNo vizAlatvak zArado viSamacchadaH // 74 || saptaparNo vraNazlezma vAtakuSThAstajantu jim / dIpanaH zvAsagulmaghnaH snigzroSNastu varaH saraH 1175 || bhA. pra.ni., pR. 546 saptaparNa, vizAlatvak, zArada tathA viSamacchada saMskRta nAma haiN| Alstonia scholaris R, Br leTina meM kahate haiM / chativana kA vRkSa prAyaH sabhI Ardra prAntoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| isakA vRkSa sundara, vizAla, sIdhA, sadaiva harA rahane vAlA evaM kSIrayukta hotA hai| isakI chAla kA upayoga jvara, viSabha jvara, atisAra pravAhikA, carmaroga evaM kRmi meM kiyA jAtA hai / 3- * saMbhavanAtha siddhArtha zibikAmUDhAM devairAruhya nirgataH / sahetukavane rAjJAM sahasreNApa saMyamam // 37 // athamaunavratenAyaM chadamastho'bdeSu zuddhadhIH / dvisaptasu gate dIkSAvana zAlataroradhaH ||40|| uttarapurANa, pR. 17 bhagavAna saMbhavanAtha sahetuka (dIkSA) vana meM pahuMcakara zAlmalI vRkSa ke nIce ananta catuSTaya ko prApta huye / zAlmalI, zAlmaliH zAlmalistu bhavenmocA picchika pUraNIti ca / raktapuSpA sthirAyuzrva kaNTATayA ca tUlinI ||54|| zAlmalI zItalA svAdvI rase pAke rasAyanI / zleSmalA pittavAtAsnahAriNI raktapittajit ||55|| bhA. pra.ni., pR. - 537 zAlmali, mocA, picchikA, pUraNI, raktapuSpa, sthirAyu, kaNTakATayA tathA tUlinI, semara ke saMskRta nAma haiN| leTina nAma Bobbax Malabaricum De arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 11

Page #16
deza ke prAya: saba prAntoM ke vana, upavana, vATikAoM meM utpanna hotA hai| isake vRkSa bahuta vizAla aura moTe huA karate haiM / semara rasa tathA vipAka meM madhura rasayukta, zItala, rasAyana, kaphajanaka evaM pitta, vAta, raktavikAra yA vAtarakta tathA raktapitta ko dUra karane vAlA hotA hai / 4 - abhinandana nAtha hastacitrAkhyayAnAdhirUDho'grodyAnamAgataH / mAghe site svargarbharbhe dvAdazyAmaparAhnagaH // 15211 atha maunavratenete chAdmasthe'STAdazAbdake / dIkSAvane'sanakSmAmUle SaSThopavAsina: 115511 uttara purANa, pR. - 22 evaM 23 bhagavAna agra udyAna (dIkSA vana) meM asanavRkSa ke nIce dhyAnArUr3ha huye / asana (bIjaka: / vijayasAra) bIjaka: pItasArazca pItazAlaka ityapi / bandhUkapuSpaH priyaka: sarjakazcAsanaH smRtaH // 28 // bIjaka: kuSThavIsarpazvitramehaguda kimAn / hanti zleSmAsrapittaJca tvacyaH kezyo rasAyana : // 29 // bIjaka, pItasAra, pItazAlaka, bandhUkapuSpa, priyaka, sarjaka aura asana vijayasAra ke saMskRta nAma haiN| isakA leTina nAma Terminalia tomentosa hai| yaha dakSiNa bhArata, bihAra aura pazcimI prAyadvIpa meM hotA hai| isakA vRkSa sundara, bahuta bar3A kintu acirasthAyI hotA hai / vijayasAra tvacA ke lie hitakArI, bAloM ko uttama banAne vAlA, rasAyana evaM kuSTha, vIsarpa, zvetakuSTha, prameha, gudA ke kRmi, kapha, raktavikAra, pitta yA raktapitta ko dUra karane vAlA hai / 5 - bhagavAna sumatinAtha dIkSAM SaSThopavAsena sahetuka vane'gRhIt / site rAjJAM sahasreNa sumatirnavamIdine ||70|l vizatiM vatsarAnnItvA chadmastha prAktane vane / priyaG gubhUruho'dhastAdupavAsadvayaM zritaH 117411 uttara purANa, pR. 30 sahetuka vana meM priyaMgu vRkSa ke nIce do dina kA upavAsa lekara yoga dhAraNa kiyA / priyaMgu priyaGguH phalinI kAntA latA ca mahilA''hRyA / 101 gundrA gandhaphalA zyAmA viSvaksenADu nApriyA / priyaGgu zItalA tiktA tuvarA'nila pittahRt / 120 raktAtIsAradaurgandhya svedadAhajvarApahA / (vAntibhrAntayatisAradhanI vaktrajADayavinAzinI ) / gulmatRviSamohanI tadvad gandhapriyaGa kA / bhA. pra.ni., pR. - 248 priyaMgu, phalinI, kAntA, latA, mahilAhvayA (strIvAcaka sabhI zabda), gundrA gandhaphalA, zyAmA, viSvaksenaGganA aura priyA ye saba saMskRta nAma priyaMgu ke haiN| tIna prakAra ke priyaMgu kA varNana milatA hai| priyaMgu, phUlapriyaMgu, gaMdhapriyaMgu, vuMDuDa, bUDhIghAsa, DaiyA, dahiyA Adi hindI nAma haiM tathA leTina meM Callicarpa macrophylla vahi nAma hai priyaMgu arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 12

Page #17
jaMgaloM ke kinAre, ghATa aura UMcI car3hAiyoM tathA khule huye jaMgala aura paratI bhUmi meM hotA hai| yaha nepAla, deharAdUna ke jalaprAya sthAnoM, baMgAla tathA bihAra ke aneka sthAnoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| anya prakAra priyaMgu balocistAna evaM pazcimI prAyadvIpa meM pAyA jAtA hai| priyaMgu tikta tathA kaSAya rasayukta aura zItavIrya hotI hai| yaha vAta pitta, raktAtisAra, durgaMdha, pasInA, dAha, jvara, gulma, tRSA, viSa aura moha ina saba rogoM ko dUra karatI hai| 6 - bhagavAna padmaprabha nivRtyAkhyAM samAruhya zivikAMsa manohare / vane SaSThopavAsena dIkSAM zikSAmivAgrahIt / 151 uttara purANa, pR. - 34 bhagavAna padmaprabhu ne manohara nAma ke vana meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| pratiSThA ratnAkara, muni pramANasAgara evaM muni samatAsAgara ke anusAra bhagavAna padmaprabhu kA dIkSAvRkSa bhI priyaMgu hai jisakA varNana kiyA jA cukA hai| 7 - bhagavAna supArzvanAtha supArzvo maunamAsthAya chAdmasthye navavarSakaH / sahetukavane mUle zirISasya dvayupoSitaH / / 44 / / uttara purANa, pR. 42 sahetuka vana meM do dina ke upavAsa kA niyama lekara ve zirISa vRSa ke nIce dhyAnArUr3ha huye / zirISaH (sirasa ) zirISo maNDilo bhaNDI bhaNDIrazva kapItanaH / zuSkapuSpaH zukatarurmRdupuSpaH zukapriyaH / / 13 // zirISo madhuro'nuSNastiktazca tavaro laghu : / doSa zothavisarpanaH kAsavraNaviSApahaH ||14|| bhA. pra.ni., pR. - 58 zirISa, mANDila, bhaNDI, bhaNDIra, kapItana, zukapuSpa, zukataru, mRdupuSpa aura zukapriya ye sabhI sirasa ke saMskRta nAma haiN| leTina nAma Albizzia Lebbeck Benth. hai / yaha prAyaH sabhI prAntoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| sirasa ke vRkSa bar3e-bar3e aura saghana hote haiN| sirasa madhura, tikta tathA kaSAya rasayukta, kincita uSNa, laghu evaM vAtAdika doSa, zodha, visarpa, kAsa (khAsI), vraNa tathA viSa ko dUra karane vAlA hai| 8 - bhagavAna candraprabha dinadviyopavAsitvA vane sarvartukAhaye / pauSe mAsyanurAdhAyAmekAdazyAM mahIbhujAm ||216|| trIna mAsAn jinakalpena nItvA dIkSAvanAntare / adhastannAgavRkSasya sthitvA SaSThopavAsabhRta || 22311 uttara purANa, pR. - 60 sarvartuka vana (dIkSA vana) meM nAgavRkSa ke nIce belA kA niyama lekara sthira huye / nAgavRkSa nAgapuSpaH smRto nAgaH kezaro nAgakezaraH / cAmpeyo nAgakiJjalkaH kathitaH kAJcanAhvayaH // bhA. pra. ni., pR. - 224 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 13

Page #18
nAgapuSpa, nAga, kezara, nAgakezara, cAmpeya, nAgakiJjalka tathA kAJcanAhya ye saba nAgakezara ke vRkSavAcI haiM / leTina nAma Mesua Ferrea linn. Fam Guttiferae. hai / 1 yaha pUrvI himAlaya, AsAma, bramhA, dakSiNa hindustAna aura pUrva baMgAla ke pahAr3oM para pAyA jAtA hai / isako bagIcoM meM bhI lagAyA jA sakatA hai| isakA vRkSa choTA sundara hotA hai aura sadA harA bharA rahatA hai| nAgapuSpaM kaSAyoSNaM rUkSaM ladhvAmapAcanam // 701 jvarakaNDUtRSAsvedacchardihRllAsanAzanam / daurgandhya kuSThavIsarpa kaphapittaviSApaham ||7 1 / / bhA. pra. ni., pR. - 230 nAgakezara kA phUla kaSAyarasayukta, uSNavIrya, rUkSa, laghu tathA Ama ko pacAne vAlA hotA hai evaM yaha jvara, khujalI, tRSA, pasInA, vamana, hRllAsa, durgandha, kuSTha, kapha, pitta aura viSa ko dUra karane vAlA hotA hai| 9- bhagavAna puSpadaMta Aruhya zibikAM sUryaprabhAkhyAM puSpake vane / mArgazIrSe site pakSe pratipadyaparAhvake || 461 dinadvayopavAsaH sannadhastAnnAgabhUruhaH / dIkSAvane vidhUtAdhaH prAptAnantacatuSTayaH ||50|l bhagavAna puSpaka vana (dIkSAvana) meM nAga vRkSa ke nIce sthita hue aura anaMtacatuSTaya ko prApta huye / nAgavRkSa kA varNana pUrva meM bhagavAna candraprabha ke sAtha kiyA jA cukA hai / 10- bhagavAna zItalanAtha labdhalaukAntikastotraH prAptatatkAlapUjanaH / zukraprabhAM samAruhya sahetukavanAntare // 44 // chAdmasthyena samAstisro nItvA bilvadrumAzrayaH / poSakRSNa caturdazyAM pUrvASADhe'parAhna ge ||48 || uttara purANa, pR. - 74 sahetukavana meM bela ke vRkSa ke nIce do dina ke upavAsa kA niyama lekara virAjamAna huye / bilvaH (bela) bilvaH zANDilyazailUSau mAlUrazrIphalAvapi / bhA. pra.ni., q.-274 bilva zANDilya, mAlUra tathA zrIphala ye saba bela ke saMskRta nAma haiM / leTina nAma Aegle marmelos corr. Fam Rutaceae hai / yaha AsAma, brahmA, baMgAla, bihAra, avadha, jhelama madhya aura dakSiNa hindustAna tathA zrIlaMkA meM jaMgalI aura prAyaH sabhI sthAnoM meM evaM bAgoM meM utpanna hotA hai| isakA vRkSa madhyama AkAra kA 50 phuTa se bhI UMcA hotA hai / bela bahuta pavitra mAnA jAtA hai| sUtikAgAra ke nirmANa meM evaM sUtikA ke palaMga kI lakar3I, bela kI lene carakAdi meM vidhAna hai| suzruta ne medhAyuSkAmIya adhyAya meM viziSTa paddhati se Rgvedokta zrIsUkta dvArA bilva kI Ahuti Adi kA vidhAna kiyA hai jisase alakSmI kA nAza evaM AyuvRddhi hotI hai| arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 14

Page #19
zrI phalastuvarastikto grAhI ruuksso'gnipittkRt| vAtazleSmaharo balyo laghurUSNazca pAcanaH / / 13|| bhA.pra.ni., pR.-274 bela kaSAya tathA tikta rasa yukta, grAhI, rUkSa, agnivardhaka, pittakAraka, vAtakAraka, vAtakaphanAzaka, balakAraka, laghu, uSNavIrya tathA pAcaka hai| 11- bhagavAna zreyAMsanAtha dvisaMvatsaramAnena chAdmasthaye gtvtysau|| munirmanoharodyAne tumburadramasaMzrayaH / / 5 1 / / uttara purANa, pR.-82 isa prakAra chadmastha avasthA ke do varSa bIta jAne para eka dina mahAmuni zreyAMsanAtha manohara nAmaka udyAna meM do dina ke upavAsa kA niyama lekara tumbura vRkSa ke nIce baitthe| tumburuH saurabhaH sauro vanajaH sAnujo'ndhakaH / / 113|| bhA.pra.ni., pR.-56 tumburu, saurabha, saura, vanaja, sAnuja aura andhaka ye tumburu phala ke nAma haiM / leTina nAma Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb. Fam. Rutaceae hai| yaha himAlaya kI garama tarAiyoM meM jammU se bhUTAna taka, khAsiyA pahAr3a, TeharI gar3havAla, nAgapahADa, vijigApaTTama aura gaMjAma ke pahAr3oM para pAyA jAtA hai| isakA vRkSa jhAr3IdAra yA kvacita choTe vRkSavata rahatA hai| tambaruprathitaM tiktaM kaTUpAke'pi ttktt| rUkSoSNa dIpanaM tIkSNaM rUcyaM laghuvidAhi ca / / 114|| vAtazleSmAkSikarNoSThiziroruggurutA kRmiin| kuSThazUlArUcizvAsaplIhakRcchrANi nAzayeta / / 115 / / bhA.pra.ni., pR.-56 tumburu phala tikta tathA kaTurasa yukta hai aura vipAka meM bhI kaTurasa yukta hai| yaha rUkSa, uSNavIrya, agnidIpaka, tIkSNa, rucijanaka, pAka meM laghu aura vidAhI hotA hai / yaha vAta, zleSma, netra, karNa, oSTha tathA zira ke rogoM ko evaM gurutA (zarIra kA bhArIpana), kRmi, kuSTha, zUla, aruci, zvAsa, plIhA aura mUtrakRccha ina saba rogoM ko bhI dUra karatA hai| 12 - bhagavAna vAsupUjya zibikAM devasaMrUDhAmAruhya pRthiviiptiH| vane manoharodyAne caturthopoSitaM vahan / / 37 / / kadamba vRkSamUlasthaH sopvaaso'praahke| mAdyajyotsnAdvitIyAyAM vizAkhaH'bhavaJjinaH / / 42 / / uttara purANa, pR.-90 bhagavAna ne manohara nAmaka udyAna meM kadambara vRkSa ke nIce baiTha kara upavAsa kA niyama liyaa| kadamba kadambaH priyako nIpo vRttapuSpo halipriyaH / bhA.pra.ni..pra.-495 kadamba, priyaka,nIpa, vRttapuSpa aura halipriya ye saba saMskRta nAma haiN| leTina nAma Anthocephalus Cadamba miq. Fam. Rubiaceae $1 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 15

Page #20
yaha himAlaya ke nicale bhAgoM meM nepAla se pUrva kI tarapha varmA taka tathA dakSiNa meM uttarI sarakAra tathA pazcimI ghATa meM hotA hai| sabhI sthAnoM para bAgoM meM lagAyA huA pAyA jAtA hai| kadamba kA vRkSa 4050 phITa UMcA, bar3A, chAyAdAra hotA hai| kadambo madhuraH zItaH kaSAyo lavaNo, garuH / saro viSTambhakRdrakSaH kaphastanyAnilapradaH / bhA. pra.ni., pR. 495 kadamba madhura, kaSAya tathA lavaNa rasa yukta, zItala, guru, sAraka, rUkSa, vAtaviSTambha (vAyu kA na khulanA) ko utpanna karane vAlA, kaphakAraka, dugdhavardhaka aura vAyujanaka hotA hai| 13 bhagavAna vimalanAtha devadattAM samAruhya zibikAmamaraivRtaH / vibhuH sahetukodyAne prAvAjIddyupavAsabhAka // trivatsaramite yAte tapasyeSa mahAmuniH / nijadIkSAvane jambUdumamUle supoSitaH // 44|| uttara purANa, pR. 100 bhagavAna sahetukavana udyAna meM (dIkSAvana) do dina ke upavAsa kA niyama lekara jAmuna ke vRkSa ke nIce dhyAnArUr3ha huye / - jambU (jAmuna ) jAmuna kI kaI jAtiyAM hotI haiM lekina zreSTha rAja jAmuna hai ataH usakA varNana kiyA gayA hai| phalendrA kathitA nandI rAjajambUrmahA phalA / tathA surabhipatrA ca mahAjambUrapi smRtaa| bhA. pra. ni., pR. 570 phalendrA nadI, rAjajambU, mahAphalA, surabhipatrA aura mahAjambU ye saba saMskRta nAma haiN| leTina nAma Eugenia Jambolana Lam Fam Myrtaccae hai| yaha atyaMta zuSka bhAgoM ko chor3akara saba prAMtoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| isakA vRkSa bar3A hotA hai aura vaha sadA harA bharA rahatA hai| rAjajambU phalaM svAdu viSTambhi guru rocanam // 6911 bhA. pra. ni., pR. 570 bar3I jAmuna kA phala - svAdiSTa, viSTambhaka, guru tathA rocaka hotA hai / 14 - bhagavAna anantanAtha suraistRtIyakalyANapUjAM prApyAdhirUDhavAn / yAnaM sAgaradattAkhyaM sahetukavanAntare // 31 // saMvatsaradvaye yAtechAdmasthye prAktane vne| azvatthapAdapopAnte kaivalyamudapIpadat // 35 // uttara purANa, pR. 123 bhagavAna ko sahetuka vana meM azvattha (pIpala) vRkSa ke nIce kevalajJAna utpanna huA / azvatthaH (pIpala) bodhiduH pippalo'zvatthambalapatra gajAzanaH / bhA. pra. ni., pR. 513 bodhi, pippala, azvattha, calapatra aura gajAzana ye saba pIpala ke saMskRta nAma haiN| leTina Ficus religiosa linn Fam. MORACEAE hai| 16 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #21
pIpala ke vRkSa deza ke prAyaH sabhI prAntoM meM lagAye huye pAye jAte haiN| isakA vRkSa bahuta UMcA hotA hai aura khUba phailatA hai| pIpala vRkSa pavitra mAnA jAtA hai| pippalo durjaraH zItaH pittazleSmabraNAsrajit / gurustuvarako rUkSo varNyo yonivizodhanaH // 3 // bhA. pra. ni., pR. - 513 pIpala kaSAyarasayukta, kaThinatA se pacane vAlA, zItala, guru, rUkSa, varNa ko uttama banAne vAlA, yoni kA zodhana karane vAlA evaM pitta, kapha, vraNa tathA rakta vikAra ko dUra karane vAlA hai| vane saptacchadasyAdhaH kRtaSaSThopavAsakaH ||421 uttara purANa, pR. 130 zAlavana ke udyAna meM (purAtana vana meM) saptacchada vRkSa ke nIce do dina ke upavAsa kA niyama lekara yoga dhAraNa kiyA / 15 - bhagavAna dharmanAtha zibikAM nAgadattAkhyAmAruhya surasattamaiH / saha zAlavanodyAnaM gatvaSaSThopavAsavAn // 38 // tathaikavarSacchadmasthakAle'tIte purAtane / saptacchada vRkSa saptaparNaH patravarNaH zuktiparNaH suparNakaH / saptacchado gucchapuSpo'yugmaparNo municchadaH // 35 // bRhattvagbahuparNazca tathA zAlmalipatrakaH / madagandho gandhiparNo vijJeyo vaGki bhUmitaH ||36 || rAjanighaNTu, pR. - 401 saptaparNa, patraparNa, zuktiparNa, suparNaka, saptacchada, gucchapuSpa, ayugmaparNa, municchada, bRhatvak, bahuparNa, zAlmalipatraka, madagandha tathA gandhiparNa, ye saba chativana ke teraha nAma haiN| saptaparNa (saptacchada) kA varNana pUrva meM bha. ajitanAtha ke sAtha kiyA jA cukA hai| 16- * bhagavAna zAMtinAtha bahubhirmunibhiH sArddha zrImAn cakrAyudhAdibhiH / sahasrAmravanaM prApya nandyAvartataroradhaH // 4811 uttara purANa, pR. 209 bhagavAna ne sahasrAmravana meM praveza kiyA aura nandyAvarta vRkSa ke nIce belA ke upavAsa kA niyama lekara ve virAjamAna ho gaye / nandyAvarta / tagara rAjakIya Ayurveda vidyAlaya jhAMsI se samparka karane para unake dvArA batalAyA gayA ki tagara hI nandyAvarta hai| arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 kAlAnusArya tagaraM kuTilaM nahuSaM natam / aparaM piNDatagaraM daNDahastI ca barhiNam // 28 // tagaradvayamuSNaM syAtsvAdu snigdhaM laghu smRtam / viSApasmArazUlAkSirogadoSatrayApaham ||2911 bhA. pra.ni., pR. 199 17

Page #22
donoM prakAra ke tagara uSNavIrya svAdiSTa, snigdha tathA laghu hote haiM / yaha viSa, apasmAra (mirgI roga), zUla, netraroga tathA tridoSa ko dUra karane vAle hote haiM isa prakAra kA ullekha kUrparAdivarga - bhAvaprakAza nighaNTu meM milatA hai| isake vRkSa himAlaya pahAr3a ke sAdhAraNa bhAga meM kAzmIra se bhUTAna taka 4 hajAra se 12 hajAra phITa kI UMcAI para tathA khAsiyA ke pahAr3oM para 4 se 6 phITa kI UMcAI para bahuta pAye jAte haiN| 17 - bhagavAna kuMthunAtha svayaM samprApya devendraiH zivikAM vijyaabhidhaam| ArUhyAmarasaMvAhyAM sahetukavanaM prti||3811 nijadIkSAvane SaSThenopavAsena zuddhibhAk / tilaka drumamUlasthazcaitrajyotsnAparAha ke / / 42|| uttara purANa, pR.-215 bhagavAna sahetuka vana (dIkSA lene ke vana) meM tilaka vRkSa ke nIce virAjamAna huye| tilaka vRkSa tilakaH kSurakaH zrImAnpuruSazchinnapuSpakaH // bhA.pra.ni., pR.-505 tilaka, kSuraka, zrImAna, puruSa, chinna puSpaka ye saba tilaka ke saMskRta nAma haiM / leTina Wendlandia exerta DC fam. Rubiaceae. hai| yaha himAlaya ke uSNa pradezIya zaSka jaMgaloM meM cenAba se nepAla taka 4000 phITa kI UMcAI taka evaM ur3IsA madhyabhArata koMkaNa evaM uttarI Dekkana meM pAyA jAtA hai / yaha khulI huI aura choTI-choTI vanaspatiyoM se rahita bhUmi jaise nAloM ke DhAloM para adhika hote haiN| isake vRkSa sundara, jhuke haye tathA choTe hote haiM / puSpakAla (mArca - apraila) meM vRkSa kA zikhara cAMdanI se DhakA mAlUma hotA hai| tilakaH kaTukaH pAke rase coSNo rasAyanaH / kphkusstthkrimiinvstimukhdntgdaanhret||56|| bhA.pra.ni., pR.-505 tilaka pAka tathA rasa meM kaTu, uSNa, rasAyana evaM kapha, kuSTha, kRmi, vasti-mukha-danta saMbaMdhI rogoM ko dUra karane vAlA hai| nighaNTuoM meM varNita isa tilaka vRkSa ke bAre meM abhI taka kisI ko patA nahIM thA ki yaha vRkSa kaisA hotA hai tathA isakA leTina nAma kyA hai| sarvaprathama ThA. balavaMta siMha jI ne apanI pustaka bihAra kI vanaspatiyAM (pRSTha 68) meM aneka pramANoM ke AdhAra para tilaka ko Wendlandio exerta DC siddha kiyA hai tathA isakA vaijJAnika varNana kiyA hai| isake jaMgaloM meM pracalita sthAnika nAma, zAstrIya paricayAtmaka paryAya tathA pracalita guNadharma sabhI AdhAroM se yaha tilaka siddha hotA hai| 18 - bhagavAna arahanAtha zivikAM vaijayantyAkhyAM sahetukavanaM gtH| dIkSAM SaSThopavAsena revatyAM dazamIdine / / 33 / / tato dIkSAvane mAse kArtike dvaadshiidine| revatyAM zuklapakSe'parAhne cUtataroradhaH / / 37 / / uttara purANa, pR.-220 bhagavAna sahetaka vana (dIkSAvana) meM AmravakSa ke nIce belA kA niyama lekara virAjamAna hye| arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 18

Page #23
AmravRkSa AmrazcUto rasAlazca sahakAro'tisaurabhaH / kAmAGgo madhudUtazca mAkandaH pikaballabhaH // bhA. pra. ni., pR. 550 Ama kA leTina nAma Mangifera indica linn Fam. Anacardiaceae hai| Ama kA vRkSa sabhI jagaha pAyA jAtA hai| isakA vRkSa bar3A hotA hai| kRtrima rIti se pakAye gaye Ama ke phala ke guNa - Amra kRtrima pakvaJca tadbhavetpittanAzanam / rasasyAmlasya hInastu mAdhuryAcca vizeSataH // 107 cUSitaM tatparaM rucyaM balavIryakaraM laghu / zItalaM zIghrapAki syAdvAtapittaharaM saram // 18 // bhA. pra.ni., pR. - 550 yadi Ama kA phala kRtrima rIti se pakAyA gayA ho to vaha pittanAzaka hotA hai kyoMki usameM kA amlarasa nikala jAtA hai tathA madhura rasa kI vizeSatA ho jAtI hai| yadi vaha cUsA jAye to atyanta rucijanaka, balavIryakAraka, laghu, zItala, zIghra hajama hone vAlA, sAraka evaM vAta-pittanAzaka hai / 19 - bhagavAna mallinAtha gatvAzvetavanodyAnamupavAsadvayAnvitaH / svajanmamAsanakSatradinapakSasamAzritaH // 47 || dinaSaT ke te tasya chAdmasthye prAktane vane / adhastarorazokasya tyaktAhadvitaMyAd gataH ||51|| pUrvoktavana (zvetavana) meM azokavRkSa ke nIce do dina ke lie gamAnAgamana tyAga kara diyA / azokavRkSa azoko hemapuSpazca vaJjulastAmrapallavaH / kaGkeliH piNDapuSpazca gandhapuSpo naTastthA ||47|| bhA. pra. ni., pR. - 500 azoka, hemapuSpa, vaJjula, tAmrapallava, kaGkeli, piNDapuSpa, gandhapuSpa, naTa saMskRta nAma haiM / leTina nAma Saraca Indica linn Fam. Leguminosae hai| yaha madhya aura pUrvI himAlaya, pUrva baMgAla aura dakSiNa bhArata meM pAyA jAtA hai| baMgAla meM isakA adhika Adara hai aura prAyaH vahAM kI saba vATikAoM meM dekhA jAtA hai| isakA vRkSa bar3A, sIdhA aura jhopar3AkAra hotA hai tathA yaha bArahoM mAsa harA bharA dikhAI par3atA hai| azokaH zItalastikto grAhI varNyaH kaSAyakaH / doSApacItRSAdAhakRmizoSaviSAsrajit // bhA.pra.ni., pR. 500 azoka tikta tathA kaSAyarasa yukta, zItala, grAhI, zarIra ke varNa ko uttama karane vAlA evaM vAtAdidoSa, apaca, tRSA, dAha, kRmi, zoSa, viSa aura raktavikAra ko dUra karane vAlA hai| arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 19

Page #24
campakadrumamUlastho vihitopoSitadvayaH / / 46 | uttara purANa, pR. - 247 bhagavAna ne dIkSA lene ke vana (nIla vana) meM campaka vRkSa ke nIce sthita hokara do dina ke upavAsa kA niyama liyA / 20 - bhagavAna munisuvratanAtha prApya SaSThopavAsena vanaM nIlAbhidhAnakam / vaizAkhe bahule pakSe zravaNe dazamIdine || 41 || mAsonavatsare yAte chAdmasthye svatapovane / campaka vRkSa cAmpeyazcampakaH prokto hemapuSpazca sa smRtaH / etasya kalikA gandhaphaleti kathitA budhaiH // 3 1|| bhA. pra.ni., pR. 493 cAmpeya, campaka, hemapuSpa ye saba saMskRta nAma haiN| isakI kalI ko paNDita loga gandhaphalI kahate haiN| leTina nAma Michelia Champaca linn Fam Magnoliaceae hai| campA ke vRkSa prAyaH vATikAoM meM ropar3a kiye jAte haiM, kintu himAlaya meM 3000 phuTa tathA AsAma, pazcimI ghATa evaM dakSiNa bhArata meM vanya avasthA meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| isakA vRkSa choTA karIba 20 phITa UMcA hotA hai aura bArahoM mAha harA bharA rahatA hai| campA kaTutiktakaSAya-madhura rasayukta, zItala evaM viSa, kRmi, mUtrakRccha, kapha, vAta, raktavikAra yA vAtarakta aura pitta ko dUra karane vAlA hai / 20 campakaH kaTukastiktaH, kaSAyo madhuro himaH / viSakrimiharaH kRcchraphavAtAsrapitta jit // 321 21 - bhagavAna naminAtha gatvA caitravanodyAnaM SaSThopavasanaM zritaH / ASADhakAlapakSe'zvinakSetre dazamIdinaM ||54|| chAdmasthyena tataH kAle prayAte navavatsare / nijadIkSAvane ramye mUle vakulabhUruhaH ||5711 uttara purANa, pR. - 335 bhagavAna dIkSAvana (caitravana) meM manohara vakula vRkSa ke nIce belA kA niyama lekara dhyAnArUr3ha huye / bakula vRkSa bakulo madhugandhazva siMhake sarakastathA / bakula, madhugandha, siMhakesaraka ye maulasirI ke saMskRta nAma haiM / leTina nAma Mimuscops elengi linn Fam. Sapotceae hai| zobhA tathA sugaMdha ke lie yaha sabhI jagaha bAgoM meM lagAyA huA pAyA jAtA hai / dakSiNa tathA aMDamAna meM adhika hotA hai| isake vRkSa 50 phITa taka UMce, saghana, cikane pattoM se yukta, jhopaDAkAra aura suhAvane dikhAI par3ate haiM tathA bArahoM mAsa hare bhare rahate haiM / vakulastuvaro'nuSNaH kaTupAkaraso guruH / kaphapittaviSazvitrakRmidantagadApahaH || 33|| bhA. pra. ni., pR. 494 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #25
maulasirI kaSAya rasayukta, kiMcita uSNa, pAka tathA rasa meM kaTu, guru, evaM kapha, pita, viSa, zvetakuSTha, kRmi evaM dAMtoM ke rogoM ko dUra karane vAlA hai| 22 - bhagavAna neminAtha zibikAM devakukhyAmArUhayAmara vesstthitH| sahasrAmravaNe SaSThAnazanaH zrAvaNe site / / 169 / / evaM tapasyatasya SaT paJcAzadichanapraye / chadamasthasamaye yAte girairaivatakAmighe // 179|| SaSThopavAsayuktasyamahAveNoradhaH sthiteH| pUrve'hanyazvayujaM mAsizuklapakSAdime / / 180 // bhagavAna raivataka (giranAra) parvata para telA kA niyama lekara kisI bar3e bhArI bAMsa ke vRkSa ke nIce virAjamAna ho gye| bAMsa (vaMzaH) vaMzastvaksArakaritvacisAratRNadhvajAH / zataparvA yavaphalo veNumastakaratejanA / / 15 3|| bhA.pra.ni., pR.-376 uparokta zloka meM bAMsa ke saMskRta nAma diye haiN| leTina nAma Bambusa arundinacea willd Fam. Gramiceac hai| bAMsa deza ke sabhI prAMtoM meM utpanna kiyA jAtA hai aura choTI-choTI pahAr3iyoM ke Asa-pAsa Apa hI Apa jaMgalI bhI utpanna hotA hai| vaMzaH sarohimaH svAduH kaSAyo bastizodhanaH / chedanaH kaphapittadhanaH kuSThAsravraNazothajit / bhA.pra.ni.,pR.-376 bAMsa sAraka, zItavIrya, svAdiSTa, kaSAyarasa yukta, vastizodhaka,chedaka, kaphapitta nAzaka evaM kuSTha raktavikAra, vraNa tathA zotha ina saba ko dUra karatA hai| 23 - bhagavAna pArzvanAtha vidhAyASTamamAhAratyAgamazvavane mhaa| zilAtale mahAsattvaH palyaGkAsanamAsthitaH / / 12811 nayansa caturomAsAn chAdmasthyena vishuddhibhaak| dIkSAgrahavane devadArubhUrimahIruhaH / / 134|| uttara purANa, pR.-438 bhagavAna ne jisa vana meM (azvavana) dIkSA lI thI usI vana meM jAkara ve devadAru nAmaka eka bar3e vRkSa ke nIce virAjamAna huye| devadAru vRkSa devadAru smRtaM dArubhadraM dArvindra dAru c| mastadAru dakilimaM kilimaM surabhUrUhaH / / 24|| bhA.pra.ni., pR.-196 devadAru, dArubhadra, dAru, indradAru, mastadAru, dakilima, kilita aura surabharUha saMskRta nAma haiM |lettin nAma Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud Fam pinaceac hai| pazcimottara himAlaya meM kumAU~ se pUrva kI ora yaha pAyA jAtA hai| jaunasAra aura gar3havAla meM 7 se 8.5 hajAra phITa ke bIca kA bhAga devadAru vRkSamAlA kA pradhAna utpatti sthAna hai| isakA vRkSa bahuta vizAla, cirAyu, sundara, 160 se 180 phITa taka UMcA tathA kahIM kahIM isase adhika UMcA hotA hai| arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 21

Page #26
devadAru laghu snigdhaM tiktoSNaM kaTupAki ca / vibandhAdhmAnazothAmatandrAhikkAjvarAsrajit / pramehapInasazleSmakAsakanDU samIranut // 25 // bhA. pra.ni., pR. 196 devadAru - laghu, snigdha, tikta, rasayukta, uSNavIrya, vipAka meM kaTurasayukta evaM bivaMdha, AdhmAna, zotha, Ama, tandrA, hicakI, jvara, raktadoSa, prameha, pInasa, kapha, khAMsI, khujalI tathA vAyu ko naSTa karane vAlA hotA hai / 24 bhagavAna mahAvIra RjukUlAnadItIre manoharavanAntare / mahAratnazilApaTTepratimAyogamAvasan // 13491 sthityA SaSThopavAsena so'dhastAtsAlabhUrUhaH / vaizAkhe mAsi sajyotsnadazamyAma parAhvake // 13501 uttara purANa, pR. - 466 bhagavAna RjukUlA nadI ke kinAre manohara nAmaka vana ke madhya meM ratnamayI eka bar3I zilA para sAlavRkSa ke nIce belA kA niyama lekara pratimA yoga se virAjamAna huye| zAla vRkSa zAlastu sarjakAryAzvakarNakAH zasyazambaraH / bhA. pra. ni., pR. 520 zAla, sarja, kArya, azvakarNaka aura zatyazambara ye sAla ke saMskRta nAma haiN| leTina nAma Shorea Robusta Gaertn. Fam. Dipterocarpaceae hai / zAla ke vRkSa bahuta bar3e vizAla hote haiN| ye himAlaya pahAr3a, satalaja nadI se AsAma taka, madhya hindustAna ke pUrvIbhAga, baMgAla ke pazcimI bhAga aura choTA nAgapura ke jaMgaloM meM hote haiN| azvakarNaH kaSAyaH syAdvaNasvedakapha krimIna / bradhnavidradhibAdhiryayonikarNagadAn hareta |119|| bhA. pra. ni., , pR. 520 sAla kaSAya rasayukta evaM vraNa, sveda, kapha, kRmi, bradhna, vidradhi, baharApana evaM yoni tathA karNa saMbaMdhI roga ko dUra karane vAlA hai| saMdarbha graMtha : 1. AdipurANa bhAga-eka, AcArya jinasena, saMpAdaka evaM anuvAda - DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, prakAzaka- bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, pA~cavA saMskaraNa, 1996 uttara purANa AcArya guNabhadra, saMpAdana evaM anuvAda paM. pannAlAla jaina sAhityAcArya, prakAzaka- bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, cauthA saMskaraNa, 1993 zrI caubIsI purANa paM. pannAlAla jaina sAhityAcArya jaina sAhitya sadana, cAMdanI cauka, dillI pratiSThA ratnAkara, paM. gulAbacaMdra 'puSpa', prItavihAra jaina samAja (paMjI), dillI-92, prathama saMskaraNa kalpadruma vidhAna, kavivara rAjamala pavaiyA, prakAzaka-akhila bhAratIya jaina yuvA pheDarezana, jayapura 2001 smArikA paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA, Ayojana aura prayojana muni samatAsAgara prakAzaka - zrI neminAtha jinendra paMcakalyANaka samiti, bhopAla 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. - bhAvaprakAza nighaNTu, gaMgA sahAya pANDeya, kRSNacaMdra cunekara caukhambA bhAratIya akAdamI, vArANasI, punarmudrita 2004 rAja nighaNTu zrI mannarahari paMDita, hindI vyAkhyAkAra indradeva tripAThI, kRSNadAsa akAdamI, caukhambA presa, vArANasI, saMskaraNa - 1982 vana vidhi saMgraha, DaoN. rAdhezyAma dvivedI, suvidhA laoN hAusa prA. li., bhopAla jaina tatva vidyA, muni pramANasAgara, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, sAMtavA~ saMskaraNa 9. 10. prApta: 10.05.06 22 . arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #27
arhat vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura varSa 19 aMka 3 julAI sitambara 2007, 23-32 " " zAkAhAra banAma ahiMsakAhAra # sUrajamala jaina* * sArAMza vartamAna meM mUlatayA kRSi se upalabdha zAkAhAra ko ahiMsakAhAra nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kRSi kArya meM jutAI, buvAI, siMcAI, kaTAI taka ananta pRthvIkAyika, jalakAyika evaM sakAvika jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai| rAsAyanika urvarakoM se bhUmi evaM jala srotroM ke asaMkhya jIva marate haiM, sAtha hI bhUmi evaM jalasrota pradUSita hote haiN| kRSi meM bar3hatA huA kITanAzakoM kA prayoga spaSTarUpeNa saMkalpI hiMsA hai kyoMki 'kRSaka kIr3e mare' yaha saMkalpa karake kITanAzakoM kA upayoga karatA hai| jainadarzana meM kRta, kArita, anumodana se kITanAzakoM, rAsAyanika urvarakoM ke kAraNa isa saMkalpI hiMsA kA pApa kRSakoM ke sAtha upabhoktA zrAvakoM evaM muniyoM ko bhI lagatA hai| kITanAzakoM se bhUmi, jala, vAyu pradUSaNa bar3ha rahA hai aura ye khAdya, peya padArtho ke sAtha mAnava zarIra meM jAkara bhayaMkara kaiMsara jaise roga utpanna kara rahe haiN| nissandeha zAkAhAra mAMsAhAra se zreSTha hai, adhika poSaka hai, svAsthya ke lie lAbhaprada hai, kintu ahiMsakAhAra nahIM hai| yadi hama cAheM to hiMsA janita zAkAhAra kA vikalpa ahiMsakAhAra vartamAna meM saMbhava hai| merA projekTa "vanoM se bhojana" bhArata sarakAra ke praudyogikI evaM vijJAna vibhAga se svIkRta huA thA jisa para sneha zarmA ne zodha karake pI-eca. DI. kI hai| upalabdha samaya evaM dhanarAzi meM bIsa vana vRkSoM ke bIjoM kA vizleSaNa karake unameM proTIna, kArbohAiDreTa, vasA, khanija reze kI mAtrA kA Akalana kiyA gayA hai / yaha pAyA gayA ki vRkSoM se prApta bIja hamAre adhikAMza khAdyAnnoM se adhika pauSTika hai| khAdya bIjoM ke alAvA vRkSoM se khAdya phala, phUla, patra, auSadhiyAM, aneka rasAyana, vastroM ke lie reze, AvAsa ke lie lakar3I milegI aura ve sabhI vastuaiM jo jIvana ke lie Avazyaka haiN| khAdya bIja dene vAle vRkSa yadi kRSi bhUmi meM lagA die jAve to prativarSa prati hekTAra lagabhaga do Tana bIca upalabdha hogeM jabaki kRSi kA ausata utpAdana 1.25 Tana prati hekTAra prativarSa hai| vana eka bAra lagAne para cirantara prAkRtarUpa se bane rahe haiM / svataH naye paudhe panapate rahate haiM yadi vanoM kA vaijJAnika prabandhana kiyA jAve / vRkSa mAtra eka bAra hI lagAne hoNge| isake bAda kisI prakAra ke gaDDe khodane, paudhe lagAne, siMcAI, urvaraka evaM kITanAzakoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hogI, aura kisI bhI prakAra kI hiMsA nahIM hogii| kRSi kI bhAMti prati phasala bAra-bAra julAI, bubAI, siMcAI Adi para dhana vyaya nahIM karanA pdd'egaa| mere projekTa kA saMkSipta merI pustaka "Environmental Ethics" meM upalabdha hai / * * savve jIvA vi icchaMti jIvitaM Na mariuM / tamhA pANavahaM ghoraM niggaMthA vayaMti NaM // ' * bI-7, talavaNDI, prAiveTa sekTara, kAmarsa kaoNleja mena ror3a, koTA - 324005

Page #28
arthAt sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM, maranA nahIM isalie prANavadha ko ghora pApa kahakara nirgrantha (sarvajJa kevalI) ise varjita karate haiN| prANavadha cAhe ekendriya jIva kA ho yA dvindriya se lekara paMcendriya jIva kA, hiMsA hI hai aura ekendriya kA ghAta kama yA choTI hiMsA aura dvindriya se paMcendriya kI hiMsA kramazaH adhika yA bar3I ho, aisA bhI nahIM hai| yaha bhI eka bhrAnti hai ki ekendriya jIva ko usake vadha para kama kaSTa hogA aura dvindriya, trindriya, catundriya aura paMcendriya ko kramazaH usI anupAta meM (indriyoM kI adhikatA ke anusAra) adhika kaSTa hogaa| jainAgama evaM vaijJAnika pramANoM ke anusAra jitanI jitanI indriyA~ kama hogI zeSa upalabdha indriyoM kI kSamatA usI anupAta meM adhika hogI jisase anupalabdha indriyoM ke abhAva meM akSamatA yA apUrNatA nahIM rahatI udAharaNArtha cIMTI Adi jIvoM kI ghrANendriya kSamatA candriya se adhika hotI haiN| jaivika vikAsa krama meM jaise-jaise avayavoM (indriyoM Adi) kI saMkhyA, vibhinnatA bar3hatI gaI vaise-vaise kArya kA vibhAjana bar3hatA gayA / ekendriya jIva dvArA jIvana nirvAha ke sabhI kArya kalApa bhojana grahaNa, pAcana, urjA utpAdana (kriyA kalApoM ke lie), mala niSkAsana, duHkhasukha, anukUla anubhUtiyA~ upalabdha eka indriya dvArA hI sampAdita hotI haiM jo adhika indriyoM ke jIvoM meM upalabdha kramazaH adhika do se pAMca indriyoM dvArA hotI hai| vanaspatikAyika ekendriya jIva per3a paudhe bhI kaTu aura madhura zabdoM se dukhI - sukhI hote haiM, madhura saMgIta se unakI vRddhi acchI hotI hai| yadi koI vyakti unake pAsa kATane ke abhiprAya se jAve aura koI pAnI dene jAve to paudhoM kI kramazaH dukhI aura sukhI anubhUtiyA~ vijJAna dvArA pramANita haiN| paudhoM kI jar3e poSaka tatvoM, jala srotoM kI pahacAna kara, khoja kara usI dizA meM bar3hatI haiM, saMbhavatayA, unakI upalabdha eka indriya ghrANendriya kA bhI kArya kara letI haiN| hiMsA ke sandarbha meM ekendriya yA paMcendriya kI hiMsA meM koI bheda nahIM hai| jIva mAtra kI ikAI kozikA hai jo samAnarUpa se saMvedanazIla hai| jInsa ke AdhAra para unake kArya aura kArya praNAlI bhinna hotI hai| nissandeha zAkAhAra mAMsAhAra se zreSTha hai| zAkAhAra svAsthya ke lie adhika lAbhaprada hai, adhika poSaka hai, prAkRtika aura sAmAjika paryAvaraNa ko santulita rakhane meM bhI sahAyaka hai, jabaki mAMsAhAra sabhI prakAra se hAnikAraka hai| mAMsAhAra meM mUka pazu-pakSiyoM ke prati unake pAlana, AhAra, parivahana aura mArane meM atyadhika krUratA antarnihita hai| isake sAtha hI mAMsAhArI zAkAhArI se dasa gunA vastutaH zAkAhAra naSTa karatA hai| jina pazu pakSiyoM se mAMsAhAra prApta hotA hai ve zAkAhAra para hI nirbhara hote haiN| ye pazu jitanA zAkAhAra khAte haiM usakI 10 pratizata urjA hI mAMsa nirmANa meM kAma AtI hai zeSa usake halana calana, zvAsa, pAcana Adi kriyAoM meM vyaya ho jAtI hai| yadi mAMsAhArI sIdhA zAkAhAra le to 10 pratizata meM kAma cala jaavegaa| mAMsAhAriyoM ke lie pazuoM kA jitanA anna khilAyA jAtA hai, usase sAre vizva kI khAdya samasyA hala ho sakatI hai| mAMsAhAriyoM kA yaha tarka nirAdhAra hai ki mAMsAhAra baMda karane se pazuoM kI saMkhyA bar3ha jAvegI / prAkRtika avasthA meM saMkhyA nahIM bar3hatI kyoMki prajanana kriyA prakRti meM upalabdha AhAra ke anurUpa niyojita rahatI hai jaisA ki jarmanI meM bheDiyoM para kiye vaijJAnika prayoga se siddha huA hai| vyApArika stara para utpAdana se hI pazu pakSiyoM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI hai| kintu zAkAhAra ko ahiMsakAhAra pratipAdita karanA tarka saMgata nahIM hai| jainAgama meM bhI sacitta arthAt harI pattiyoM, kacce phala, bhUmi khoda kara nikAle kanda-mUla abhakSya batAe haiN| zAkAhAra ke nAma para vanaspatikAya ke jIvoM kI nirmama hiMsA ko aparihArya batAne ke lie yaha tarka diyA jAtA hai ki jala, vAyu, pRthvI, agnikAyika ekendriya jIvoM kI hiMsA se nahIM bacA jA sakatA usI prakAra vanaspatikAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA se bacanA saMbhava nahIM hai| pAnI 24 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #29
pIne, zvAsa lene meM jalakAyika evaM vAyukAyika jIvoM ke sAtha anya sUkSma trasa kAyika jIvoM kA ghAta hotA hI hai| yaha tarka bhI vijJAna sammata nahIM hai| vastuta: zvAsa prakriyA meM vAyukAyika evaM vAyu ke sAtha sUkSma jIvoM kA ghAta nahIM hotA kyoMki zarIra ke tApakrama Adi se ye aprabhAvita rahate haiM usI prakAra jisa prakAra zarIra ke bAhara tvacA para evaM andara AMtoM meM asaMkhya jIva rAzi sahajIvI vyavasthA meM nirantara rahatI hai| AMtoM meM rahane vAle sUkSma jIva yadyapi vahAM se apanA bhojana lete haiM to sAtha hI pAcana kriyA meM sahAyaka bhI hote haiN| sUkSma jIvoM meM anukUlana kI aparimita kSamatA hai, kaI jvAlAmukhI meM aura kaI zItakaTibaMdha meM jIvita rahate haiN| isI sahajIvI vyavasthA ko jaina darzana ke cirantana siddhAnta "parasparopagraho jIvAnAm" se pratipAdita kiyA hai jo pUrNatayA vijJAna sammata hai / madhu makkhI phUloM se zahada nirmANa ke lie rasa letI hai aura sAtha hI parAgaNa meM sahAyaka hotI hai / jIva jagata meM isake aneka udAharaNa haiN| inakA vistAra se varNana merI pustaka dvaya "Pristine Jainism" evaM "Environmental Ethics" meM upalabdha hai| "jaina-darzana meM jIvo jIvasya bhojanam" yA "jIvo jIvasya jIvanam" kI hiMsaka avadhAraNAoM kI svIkRti nahIM hai| "ahiMsA paramo dharmaH" jaina dharma kA mUlabhUta siddhAnta hai| jainAcAra meM jIvANi kriyA meM pAnI ko kapar3e meM chAnane ke pazcAt kapar3e ko pAnI ke srota kue~, bAvar3I, nadI meM puna: DAlakara jo sUkSma jIva kapar3e meM raha jAte haiM unheM unake pUrva paryAvaraNa meM pahu~cAne kA vidhAna, hai tAki ve sabhI jIva apane upayukta vAtAvaraNa meM sakuzala raha sakeM / vibhinna sUkSma jIva vibhinna vAtAvaraNa meM surakSita rahate haiN| jaina sAdhu dhUpa se chAMva tathA chA~va se dhUpa meM Ane se pUrva zarIra ko picchI se buhArate haiM tAki chA~va ke jIva dhUpa meM Ane para aura dhUpa ke jIva chA~va meM Ane para apane anukUla vAtAvaraNa meM hI rheN| pAristhitikI vijJAna ke isa siddhAnta ke aise udAharaNa anya kisI AcAra saMhitA meM nahIM milte| jaina dharma ke niyama parNarUpeNa ahiMsA ke lie samarpita haiN| jaina sAdhuoM evaM zrAvakoM ko mana, vacana aura zarIra kI pratyeka kriyA sAvadhAnIpUrvaka ahiMsaka rUpa se karane kA vidhAna hai / gamana karate samaya isa prakAra cale ki mAnoM khoye bahumUlya motI ko DhUMDha rahe haiN| kisI bhI vastu ko eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para rakhate samaya ghasITA nahIM jAve, varan sAvadhAnI pUrvaka uThAkara dUsarI jagaha ko bhalI prakAra dekhakara rakheM tAki kisI jIva kA hanana na ho| gautama gaNadhara ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUchA: kaha~ care? kahaM ciThe? kahamAse? kahaM sae? kaha~ bhujaMto bhAsaMto pAvaM kammaM na baMdhaI ?' arthAt kisa prakAra caleM, ThahareM, khAe~, boleM, soeM tAki pApakarma kA baMdha na ho| bhagavAna ne batAyA : jayaM care, jayaM ciThe, jayamAse, jayaM se| jayaM bhuMjaMto, bhAsaMto pAvaM kammaM na bNdhii| arthAt yatnapUrvaka caleM, ThahareM, khAe~, boleM, soeM, isase pApakarma kA baMdha nahIM hogaa| bhagavAna ne pramAda ko pApa kA sabase pramukha kAraNa kahA hai| jaina vAGgamaya meM hInAdhika hiMsaka aura ahiMsaka manovRttiyoM aura pravRttiyoM kA vivecana SaT lezyAoM ke AdhAra para bahuta hI sahaja, sarala aura spaSTa rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| nirmama atyadhika hiMsaka ko kAle raMga kRSNa lezyA se abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai| kramaza: kama hiMsaka ko nIla (kabUtara kA raMga), pIta (pIlA), padma se aura pUrNa ahiMsaka manovRtti evaM pravRtti ko zukla lezyA yukta batAyA hai| ise vibhinna manovRtti evaM pravRtti vAle vyaktiyoM ko vRkSa se phala arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 25

Page #30
lene ke tarIke se samajhAyA gayA hai| jo vyakti per3a se svata: gire pake hue phala hI letA hai vaha pUrNa ahiMsaka hai arthAt usake zukla (dhavala) lezyA hai| dUsarA vyakti jo per3a se hI cuna cuna kara kevala pake hue phala tor3atA hai vaha bahuta kama hiMsaka hai usake padma (kamala varNa) lezyA hotI hai| tIsarA vyakti choTI patalI DAlI tor3atA hai jisameM pake, kacce donoM prakAra ke phala A jAte haiM vaha dUsare se adhika hiMsaka hai aura usake pIta lezyA hai| cauthA vyakti aura bar3I DAlI tor3atA hai vaha aura adhika hiMsaka hai aura usake kApota lezyA hotI hai| pA~cavA~ vyakti pramukha bar3I zAkhA tor3atA hai vaha bahuta hiMsaka hai aura usake nIla lezyA hai| chaThA vyakti ghora hiMsaka hokara nirmamatA se pUrA vRkSa nIce se hI kATa detA hai, usake kRSNa lezyA hai| ina cha: vyaktiyoM ke kramaza: adhikAdhika pramAda evaM hiMsA kI manovRtti evaM pravRtti hai| isa prakAra jaina dharma meM pUrNa rUpeNa ahiMsaka bhAva aura kriyA ko hI upAdeya mAnA hai| jaina darzana kA sampUrNa cintana evaM AcAra saMhitA kA kendra bindu ahiMsA hai| isa pariprekSya meM zAkAhAra ko jisameM vanaspatikAya kI nirmama hiMsA ho use ahiMsakAhAra nahIM kahA jA sktaa| hama yaha bhUla jAte haiM ki vanaspatikAya jIva hI haiM jinameM sUrya ke prakAza ke mAdhyama se havA se kArabana-DAi-AksAiDa ko evaM bhUmi se jala evaM jaTila tatvoM ko grahaNa kara unase vibhinna prakAra ke khAdya phala,phUla,bIja,raMga,reze,goMda,auSadhiyA~ Adi banAne kI kSamatA hai| manuSya, pazu-pakSiyoM evaM vibhinna jIvoM kA bhojana vanaspatikAya jIva hI banAte haiN| mAMsAhArI bhI jina jIvoM para nirbhara haiM ve antatogatvA vanaspati para hI nirbhara hote haiM / isa prakAra sampUrNa jIva jagata para vanaspatikAya kA sarvAdhika upakAra hai| yaha eka viDambanA hai ki pazu-pakSiyoM kI surakSArtha unakI hiMsA evaM utpIr3ana ke virUddha vizva ke adhikAMza dezoM meM kAnUna haiM kintu vanaspatikAya ke utpIr3ana, hiMsA ke virUddha kahIM koI kAnUna nahIM hai| vanaspati jagata ke prati manuSya kI yaha ghora kRtaghnatA hI hai| vanaspatikAyika jIvoM ke prati upekSA aura krUratA kI parAkASThA hai| kaI vyakti niSprayojana niThalle baiThe, khar3e vyartha hI dUba yA pattiyA~ tor3akara unheM masalate rahate haiM / bakariyoM ke caravAhe vRkSoM kI choTI TahaniyA~ bAMsa meM lagI darA~tI se itanA kATate haiM ki vRkSa para eka bhI pattI nahIM rhtii| pattiyA~ vRkSoM ke pAcana, zvasana Adi ke lie Avazyaka haiM, inake abhAva meM vRkSoM kI vRddhi avarUddha ho jAtI hai / vRkSoM, paudhoM ke phUla tor3anA atyadhika pracalita hai, pratidina kI deva pUjA aura anya adhikAMza samArohoM meM phUloM kI mAlAoM, guladastoM, puSpa varSA (jaina muniyoM aura samArohoM meM bhI) pracuratA se phUloM kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| hama yaha bhUla jAte haiM ki phUloM ke bAda hI phala banate haiN| ata: phUla tor3anA vanaspati jIvoM kI bhUNa hatyA hai| phUloM ke abhAva meM una para nirbhara kITa-pataMgeM bhI naSTa ho jAte haiM jina para hamArI adhikAMza kRSi upaja, tilahana, dhAnya evaM phaloM kI upaja nirbhara haiM kyoMki ye parAgaNa meM sahAyaka hote haiN| prayogoM se yaha siddha huA hai ki kisI kheta yA udyAna meM madhu makkhI pAlana kiyA jAve to upaja meM 25 pratizata aura isase bhI adhika vRddhi ho jAtI hai| vanaspatikAyika jIvoM kA manuSya evaM anya jIvoM para atyadhika upakAra hai| ata: pazu krUratA nivAraNa kAnUnoM kI bhA~ti vanaspatikAya ke prati krUratA nivAraNa kAnUna bhI banane caahie| vartamAna meM zAkAhAra kA jisa prakAra utpAdana evaM prayoga kiyA jAtA hai usameM vanaspatikAya ke sAtha pRthvIkAya, jalakAya aura trasa jIvoM kI aparimita hiMsA avazyambhAvI hai| kRSi ke lie bhUmi taiyAra karane meM pRthvIkAya ke asaMkhya trasa jIvoM kA ghAta hotA hai| rAsAyanika urvarakoM se kRSi ke lie hI upayogI avaziSTa sUkSma jIvANu bhI naSTa ho jAte haiN| siMcAI kI vibhinna paddhatiyoM meM jalakAyika aura trasa jIvoM kI virAdhanA hotI hai| kITanAzakoM meM pratyakSata: saMkalpI hiMsA hI hai, kyoMki kRSaka 26 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #31
kIr3e mArane ke saMkalpa se hI inakA prayoga karatA hai| kRta, kArita, anumodana se kRSi upaja khAne vAle zrAvakoM evaM muniyoM ko bhI isa saMkalpI hiMsA kA doSa lagatA hI hai| kITanAzakoM ke bar3hate evaM aniyantrita prayoga se upayogI kITa-pataMgoM evaM pazu-pakSiyoM kA ghAta hotA hai aura kaI prajAtiyA~ lupta ho gaI haiM evaM zeSa tIvratA se lupta ho rahI haiN| bhojana ke mAdhyama se kITanAzaka manuSyoM ke zarIra meM A rahe haiM jisake phalasvarUpa keMsara, hRdaya roga Adi prANaghAtaka rogoM kA prakopa bar3ha rahA hai| rAsAyanika urvarakoM evaM kITanAzakoM ke kAraNa bhUmi, jala evaM vAyu kA pradUSaNa bhI nirantara bar3ha rahA hai aura isake kAraNa aneka roga baDha rahe haiN| isa sabakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki ahiMsakAhAra saMbhava hI nahIM hai| hamAre parama hitopadezI tIrthakara bhagavaMto ne ahiMsA ko jaina dharma kA sarvotkRTa siddhAnta batAyA hai to ahiMsakAhAra kA bhI upadeza diyA hai| isake lie jaina vAr3amaya ke trilokasAra, tiloyapaNNattI Adi granthoM meM vistAra se ullekhita kAlaparAvartana ke pariprekSya meM samajhanA hogaa| kAla-cakra anAdi-ananta hai jo anavarata pravAhita hai| pratyeka kAla-cakra meM avasarpiNI-utsarpiNI kA krama hotA hai| avasarpiNI meM prathama sukhamA-sukhamA phira kramaza: sukhamA, sukhamA dukhamA, dukhamA sukhamA, dukhamA aura dukhamA-dukhamA ke cha: kAla-khaMDoM meM atyadhika sukhada kAla se kramaza: kama sukhada aura nirantara bar3hate du:kha ke kAla khaMr3oM meM avanati kA krama hai| utsarpiNI meM yaha krama atyadhika du:khada kAla se kramaza: kama du:khada, nirantara baDhate sukha ke kAlakhaMDoM rUpa unnati kA krama hotA hai jo anAdi se cala rahA hai| sukhamA-sukhamA kAla meM sabhI ghaTaka prAkRtika vAyu, jala, pRthvI, choTe-bar3e sabhI jIva, manuSya bhI pUrNarUpeNa sahajIvI vyavasthA meM rahate haiN| koI kisI ko kisI prakAra kI hAni nahIM phuNcaate| sArI vyavasthA pUrNarUpeNa ahiMsaka hotI hai| ahiMsakAhAra kalpa vRkSoM se unake dvArA svata: girAe phala-phUloM se upalabdha hotA hai / Ayu pUrNa kie vRkSoM kI sUkhI lakar3I hI AvAsa, pAtra Adi ke nirmANa meM prayukta hotI hai| kalpavRkSoM ke sambandha meM yadi vaijJAnika dRSTi se vizleSaNa kiyA jAye to yaha spaSTa hogA ki unase banI banAI roTI, sabjI, kapar3e Adi nahIM milate the varana inake lie Avazyaka sAmagrI milatI thii| vibhinna dasa prakAra ke vRkSa (kalpavRkSa) jinameM kaI khAdya sAmagrI, kaI peya, kaI AvAsa nirmANa ke lie upayukta lakar3I evaM anya vibhinna prakAra kI sAmagrI tela, prakAzakIya padArthoM, aneka prakAra ke rasAyana, vastroM ke lie reze raMga, auSadhiyA~ Adi dene vAle vRkSa vartamAna meM hInAdhika mAtrA meM avaziSTa vana prAntaroM meM upalabdha haiN| isake atirikta kalpavRkSoM para navIna kopaloM, phUloM Adi kA zAstroM meM varNana yaha spaSTa karatA hai ki kalpavRkSa pRthvIkAyika nahIM the, varan banaspatikAyika hI the aura pASANa yugIna sabhyatA meM unheM upamA-upameya kI alaMkArika sAhityaka bhASA meM pRthvIkAyika banA diyA gyaa| isa sandarbha meM arhat vacana ke apraila 1997 ke aMka meM prakAzita mere lekha "Kalpavrksas, the Benevolent Trees (Scientific interpretation)" meM vistRta vivaraNa hai| kAla parAvartana meM prathama sukhamA-sukhamA kAla se dvitIya sukhamA kAla meM kalpavRkSoM (vastuta: vRkSa hI, kalpavRkSa saMjJA unake upakAra ke kAraNa hI) kI saMkhyA kama ho gaI aura Age Age ke kAla khaMDoM meM kramaza: bar3hatI jana saMkhyA aura upabhogavAda ke kAraNa adhikAdhika kama hotI gaI aura usI anupAta meM sukha kama hotA gayA, du:kha bar3hatA gyaa| yaha krama Aja bhI pratyakSa pramANita hai| vigat pA~ca dazakoM meM jana saMkhyA visphoTa aura bar3hatI upabhoktA saMskRti ke kAraNa vana kSetra tIvra gati se kama hue aura avaziSTa vanoM meM bhI ghanatva arthAt prati hekTara vRkSoM kI saMkhyA kama huI hai| caturtha dukhamA-sukhamA kAla arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 27

Page #32
meM kalpavRkSa bahuta kama raha gae the aura khAdyAnna ke lie kRSi kA avirbhAva huaa| Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva para kRSi kA upadeza Aropita kiyA jAtA hai jo ucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| AdinAtha to ahiMsA dharma ke prathama udghoSaka evaM ahiMsA ke svayaM sAkSAt mUrtimAna pratIka the ve aparimita hiMsA ke kAraNa kRSi kA upadeza kadApi nahIM de sakate jabaki vigata zatAbdI ke paMDita daulatarAma jI ne bhI apanI suprasiddha AdhyAtmika racanA chahaDhAlA meM kRSi ko heya mAnA hai : deya na upadeza, hoya adha banaja kRSi se " kara pramAda jala, bhUmi, vRkSa, pAvaka na virAdhe / asi, dhana, hala hiMsopakaraNa nahiM de yaza lAbhe / / "" vaidika sAhitya yajurveda, manusmRti Adi meM bhI kRSi ko heya mAnA hai: " vaizyakRtyAdi jIvaMstu brAhmaNaH kSatriyo'pi vA / hiMsA prAyAM parAdhIna: kRSiM yatmena varjayeta // kRSiM sAdhviti manyante sA vRttiH sadvigarhito / bhUmiM bhUmizayAMzcaiva hAnti kASTha mayomukha / / ' arthAt vaizyavRti se jIte hue bhI brAhmaNa aura kSatriya bahuta hiMsA vAlI aura parAdhIna (varSA Adi para nirbhara) khetI ko yatna se chor3a deN| khetI acchI hai aisA loga kahate haiM parantu satpuruSoM dvArA isalie nindita hai ki kisAna kA lohA lagA huA hala bhUmi aura bhUmi meM rahane vAloM kA nAza kara detA hai aura kyoMki dhAnya kI khetI se vanoM kA nAza ho jAtA hai, pazuoM ke carAgAha naSTa ho jAte haiN| vana vRkSoM se jo zItalatA prApta hotI hai vaha nahIM rhtii| isa zItalatA ke abhAva meM varSA kama ho jAtI hai aura prANanAzaka vAyu (kArabanaDAi oNksAiDa Adi) ke bar3hane se vAyu jaharIlI ho jAtI hai aura nAnA prakAra kI bImAriyA~ paidA ho jAtI hai| avarSaNa se bhUmi nIrasa ho jAtI hai...| 'bahannamakRSivalama ... arthAt vana vRkSoM se binA khetI ke bahuta sA anna arthAt manuSya ke AhAra kI utpatti hotI hai| " svAdoH phalasya jagdhvAya 119 arthAt mokSamArgI ko susvAdu phaloM kA AhAra karanA caahie| " puSpa-mUla-phalairvApi kevalairvataiyetsadA / kAla pakvaiH svayaM zIrNarvairavAnasameta sthitaH // 10 arthAt puSpa mUla athavA kAla pAkara pake svayaM Tapake phaloM se vAnaprasthI nirvAha kre| vAlmikI rAmAyaNa meM rAma ke phalAhAra para hI rahane kA ullekha hai: 'kuzacIrA jina gharaM phala mUlAzanaM ca mAm / ... arthAt maiM kuzacIra pahane hue... kevala phala-phUla khAkara hI rahatA huuN| aisA hI bharata, lakSmaNa, sItA ke lie bhI ullekha hai| 12 " vaijJAnikoM ke anusAra kRSi kA AvirbhAva yA AviSkAra lagabhaga dasa hajAra varSa pUrva hI huaa| isake pUrva manuSya kA AhAra vanoM se prApta phala phUla hI the| yaha avadhAraNA ki prArambha meM mAnava mAMsAhArI arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 28

Page #33
I thA nitAnta nirAdhAra hai| jIvoM ke vikAsa ke krama meM cimpeMjI Adi ke bAda unhIM se sambaddha zreNI meM mAnava kA vikAsa huaa| manuSya ke avayava paira, A~teM, dAMta Adi inhIM zAkAhArI prANiyoM ke samAna haiN| zikAra ke lie Avazyaka hathiyAroM (prArambha meM pattharoM se hI) ke nirmANa kI buddhi manuSya meM usake udbhava ke bahuta samaya bAda hI AI jisa prakAra pahie Adi ke nirmANa ke lie manuSya ke dAMta, nakha Adi bhI mAMsAhArI siMha Adi kI bhAMti binA zastra ke zikAra karane ke upayukta nahIM the| janasaMkhyA kama thI aura pRthvI para sarvatra saghana vana kSetra the jinase pracura mAtrA meM svataH gire phala-phUla AhAra ke lie paryApta mAtrA meM upalabdha the| manuSya kisI jalastrota nadI, nAle, jhIla Adi ke pAsa vanoM se prApta svataH girI sUkhI lakar3I evaM sUkhe ghAMsa Adi se banAe AvAsoM meM rahate the ve suvidhAnusAra prAtaH yA sAyaM kAla samIpa ke vanoM se svataH gire phala-phUla aura sUkhe ghAMsa ke bIja gehU~, jau Adi ekatra kara AhAra juTAte the| eka vyakti se vanoM se ekatra kie vibhinna ghAMsoM ke dAgiya sUkhe bIca varSA Rtu se pUrva anAyAsa usakI kuTiyA ke bAhara bikhara ge| usa vyakti ne dekhA ki bIja prasphuTita hokara paudhe bana gae haiN| usane inake bIjoM ko ikaTThA kiyA aura socA ki vanoM meM ghUma phira kara parizrama se khAdya phala-phUla - bIja lAne se to acchA hai ki eka hI jagaha bIja bikhera die jAyeM aura phira varSA Rtu ke pazcAt pakane evaM sUkhane para saMgraha kara lie jaayeN| kRSi kA isa prakAra anAyAsa AvirbhAva AviSkAra huaa| parizrama se bacane ke lie pramAdavaza kaI ise apanAte ge| inameM eka bar3A samudAya bana gayA jo sura yA deva khlaae| 'sura' zabda 'su' dhAtu se banA hai jisameM kriyA (kRSi kriyA) abhIpsita hai| phira bhI eka samudAya dRDha pratijJa thA ki prakRti pradatta vanoM kA saMrakSaNa kiyA jAve aura usase upalabdha sAmagrI se hI jIvana nirvAha kiyA jaave| ye rAkSasa khlaae| 'rAkSasa' zabda 'rakSA' se banA hai| ye vanoM kI rakSA ke lie pratibaddha rhe| vizAla paurANika sAhitya sura asura, deva rAkSasa saMgrAma se bharA par3A hai| sura cupacApa banoM ko kATakara, jalAkara naSTa karake bhUmi ko kRSiyogya banA dete the| rAkSasoM ko vivaza avaziSTa vana prAntaroM meM pIche haTanA par3atA thaa| yadyapi ve suroM se adhika zaktizAlI, samRddha evaM susaMskRta the, kintu suroM (devoM) ke chala-kapaTa se ve pIche haTate gae, hArate gae aura eka prakRtivAdI Adarza sabhyatA naSTa ho gii| isake bAda vizAla vana kSetra kRSi bhUmi ke lie naSTa kie ge| mahAbhArata kA khANDavadAha isI kA jvalanta udAharaNa hai| vartamAna meM gat sadI taka vizva meM lagabhaga sarvatra vanoM ko naSTa kara bhUmi ko kRSi yogya banAne ke lie aneka pralobhana die jAte the / vanoM ke vinAza se pragaTa duSpariNAmoM ke kAraNa abhI kucha dazakoM se isa para roka lagAne ke prayAsa kiye jA rahe haiM, lekina jana saMkhyA kI aniyantrita ativRddhi ke kAraNa kaThora kAnUnoM kI bhI dhajjI ur3Ate hue vana kSetroM meM kAphI atikramaNa ho rahe haiM jinheM voTa baiMka kI divazatA meM kAlAntara meM niyamita kiyA jA rahA hai| = - - RSabhadeva kA utkRSTa vyaktitva atyadhika prabhAvI thaa| bhISaNa yuddhoM se saMtrasta deva aura rAkSasoM meM unake samajhAne se samajhautA huA hogA jisake anusAra kRSi aura vAnikI sAtha-sAtha kI jA sakatI thii| vRkSoM kI katAreM isa prakAra dizA meM lagAI gaI ki unakI chAyA se kRSi upaja para pratikUla prabhAva na pdd'e| isa vyavasthA ke pramANa har3appA-mohanajodar3o kSetroM ke seTelAiTa citroM meM bhI mile hai| yaha kRSivAnikI paddhati Adhunika vaijJAnika prabandhana meM dvitIya vizva-yuddha ke samaya bhArata meM pracalita huI jise ToMgyA paddhati (TAUNGYA SYSTEM) kahA gayA aura ise vAnikI mahAvidyAlayoM ke pAThyakrama meM bhI sammilita kiyA gyaa| briTiza zAsana meM vizva yuddha ke samaya vanoM se unakI kSamatA se adhika lakar3I nikAlI gaI aura usakI kSati pUrti ke lie vRkSAropaNa kI AvazyakatA thI, kintu zAsana ke pAsa isake arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 29

Page #34
lie Arthika saMsAdhana nahIM the| ataH vana kSetroM meM bhUmihIna vyaktiyoM ko kRSi ke lie bhUmi isa zarta para dI gaI ki ve 10-15 phITa ke phAsale para vRkSoM ke paudhe lagAeMge jo unheM vana vibhAga se die jaayeNge| pA~ca-cha: varSa meM jaba paudhe bar3e hokara chAyA karane lage to anya sthAna para isI zarta para kRSi kI anumati kramazaH dI gii| isI paddhati se binA kisI vyaya ke saphala vRkSAropaNa vRhat kSetra meM ho gayA, aisA acchA jo aba karoDo kI rAzi meM bhI nahIM ho pA rahA hai| yaha pacAsa ke dazaka ke anta taka rhaa| bAda meM svArthI netAoM ne bhUmihIna kRSakoM ko ukasAyA aura TInensI aura rAjasva ekTsa ke prAvadhAnoM ke antargata vanabhUmi para svAmitva dilAne lge| vana vibhAga ko vivaza ise baMda karanA pdd'aa| jaina vAGgamaya meM kAla parAvartana kA jo vizada vivaraNa milatA hai usameM yaha ullekha vizeSa rUpa se vicAraNIya hai ki kucha kSetra jinheM videha kSetra kahA gayA hai aura unake alaga alaga nAma bhI diye gaye haiM, inameM kAla parAvartana nahIM hotA, kahIM sukhamA to kahIM sukhamA dukhamA rUpa hI pravartatA rahatA hai| vaijJAnika avadhAraNA meM ye kahIM sudUra aise pRthvI- sAmya graha hoMge jahAM jIvana hai, mAnavIya sabhyatAeM hai| yaha bindu mahatvUparNa hai ki kAla parAvartana sukhamA sukhamA rUpa nahIM varana isase avanata sthitiyoM sukhamA yA sukhamA dukhA rUpa hai| isakA spaSTa artha hai ki vahAM ke nivAsiyoM ne kalpavRkSoM Adi prAkRtika saMsAdhanoM kI bar3hatI kamI ke anupAta meM avanati para vicAra kara unake saMrakSaNa ko janasaMkhyA aura upayoga ko unakI naisargika kSamatA ke anurUpa karake sunizcita kiyaa| isase avanati kA krama avasarviNI parAvartana ruka gyaa| jisa prakAra mazInoM, bhAra vAhaka pazuoM kI apanI-apanI kSamatAeM hotI haiM aura inakI kSamatA se adhika bhAra DAlane para nukasAna hotA hai usI prakAra vanoM, nadiyoM, jhIloM, vAyu Adi kI bhI kSamatAeM haiN| kSamatA kI sImA meM hI mAra DAlA jAye inakA dohana kiyA jAve to ye yathAvat suvyavasthita, pradUSaNa vihIna bane rahate haiN| kucheka udAharaNoM se yaha spaSTa ho jaavegaa| kama hArsa pAvara se adhika hArsa pAvara kI kSamatA adhika hotI hai| ghor3e se U~Ta kI, U~Ta se hAthI kI bhAra vahana kSamatA adhika hai kintu yadi kSamatA se adhika bhAra DAleM to inako hAni hogii| kisI ghAMsa ke maidAna kI kisI kI do gAya prati ekar3a carAne kI kSamatA hai aura yadi isase adhika gAya yA anya mavezI carAI jAve to ghAMsa ke maidAna (carAgAha) se ghAMrA naSTa ho jaavegii| eka bhaiMsa kA bhAra do gAyoM ke barAbara hotA hai| kisI vana khaMDa kI kSamatA usameM choTe-bar3e vibhinna prajAtiyoM kI vArSika vRddhi kI sImA meM hotI hai| yadi vana khaMDa ke sabhI vRkSoM kI lakar3I kA ghana phala dasa hajAra varga phITa hai aura vArSika vRddhi sau ghana phITa hai to itanI hI (sau ghana phITa hI) lakar3I prativarSa nikAlI jAye to vana-khaNDa kI sthiti yathAvata banI rahegI, kisI prakAra kA hrAsa nahIM hogA, usI prakAra jaise baiMka meM jamA rAzi kA yadi kevala vyAja hI nikAlA jAye sabhI prAkRtika ghaTakoM, bhUmi, vAyu, jala Adi strotoM kI kSamatAeM mApane va jAnane kI vaijJAnika vidhiyA~ upalabdha haiM kintu unakA anupAlana nahIM ho rahA hai| sabhI saMsAdhanoM para bhAra kSamatA se kaI gunA hai aura nirantara bar3ha rahA hai| jainAgama meM pratipAdita utsarpiNI avasarpiNI kAla-parAvartana kA hI rUpAntara vanaspati vijJAna meM saksezana (Succession) evaM riTrogrezana (Retrogression) kI prAkRtika prakriyA hai| udAharaNArtha uSNa kaTibandha kSetra meM kisI nadI pravAha ke mArga badalane para rikta bhUmi para pazu-pakSiyoM, vAyu Adi dvArA lAe vibhinna bIjoM meM sarvaprathama sAdhAraNa ghAMsa hI AvegI jisase pAristhitikI kA sudhAra hogA, bhUmi kiMcit urvarA banegI phira choTI jhAr3iyA~, phira babUla jaise vRkSa panapeMge, yadyapi bIja anya kaI vRkSaprajAtiyoM ke bhI lAe jA rahe haiN| pAristhitikI ke kramazaH sudhAra se isake bAda zIzama, sirasa Adi 1 30 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #35
vRkSa aura bAda meM sAgavAna jaise vRkSa panapa skegeN| yadi mAnavIya hastakSepa nahIM ho to vAnaspatika vikAsa krama meM antataH Ama jAmuna jaise vRkSa pnpeNge| isa prakAra uttarottara vikAsa krama meM pUrva pUrva kI prajAtiyA~ kramazaH kama hokara lupta hotI rahatI haiN| ise saksezana kahate haiN| carama vikAsa kI avasthA ko klAimeksa (Climax) kahate haiN| isa avasthA meM Age parivartana nahIM hotA aura isI rUpa rahatI hai| yadi mAnavIya hastakSepa se kaTAI, carAI, Aga Adi hotI hai to unakI adhikatA ke anurUpa manda-tIvra gati se kSaraNa prAraMbha ho jAtA hai, caraNa klAimeksa se kramaza: nIce kI avasthA Ane lagatI hai aura antataH bhUmi vanaspati vihIna ho jAtI hai| ise riTrogrezana kahate haiN| saksezana (vikAsa) aura riTrogrezana (patana ) ko sthiti ke anurUpa prabandhana se kisI bhI stara para rokA jA sakatA hai| vAnikI meM sAgavAna vikAsa krama meM klAimeksa se nIce ke stara kI prajAti hai aura carama vikAsa (klAimeksa) kI prajAtiyoM se mUlyavAna hai ata: niyantrita carAI, kaTAI, Aga se vikAsa krama ko roka diyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra vikAsa krama ko rokanA, Age yA pIche le jAnA vAnikI prabandhana meM kSetroM meM pAristhitikI evaM AvazyakatA ke anusAra kiyA jA rahA hai| isI AdhAra para prAkRtika saMsAdhanoM kI kSamatA kI sImA meM upayoga ko niyantrita kara kAla parAvartana ko niyantrita karanA nizcitarUpeNa saMbhava hai| videha kSetroM isI siddhAnta ke anusAra kAla-parAvartana para niyantraNa saMbhava huA hogaa| isa pRthvI para bhI yadi isa siddhAnta kA anupAlana kiyA jAve to vartamAna dukhamA kAla ko dukhamA dukhamA meM jAne se rokA jA sakatA hai aura isake viparIta punaH kramazaH dukhamA sukhamA, sukhamA dukhamA, sukhamA, sukhamA sukhamA kI sthiti bhI lAI jA sakatI hai| yaha mAtra parikalpanA nahIM hai, vijJAna sammata prakriyA hai / - - sukhamA sukhamA aura sukhamA kAlakhanDoM meM mAnava samudAya pUrNarUpeNa kalpavRkSa arthAt vanoM para hI nirbhara rahatA thaa| sabhI AvazyakatAeM vibhinna prajAtiyoM ke vRkSoM se upalabdha vibhinna padArtho se pUrI hotI thii| manuSya kI AvazyakatA kI aisI koI vastu nahIM hai jo vanoM se upalabdha nahIM ho sktii| vartamAna meM bhI yaha saMbhava hai| prathama ToMgyA (Taungya) paddhati se kRSi vAnikI prArambha kI jAye jaba taka vRkSa bar3e hokara phala-phUla - bIja, Adi nahIM dene lageM taba taka kRSi upaja se kAma calAyA jAtA rheN| pAMca-cha: yA adhikatama dasa varSo meM vRkSa upaja dene lageMge phira kRSi baMda kara dI jaave| vana eka bAra susthApita hone para binA kisI mAnavIya zrama evaM dhana ke cirakAlIna yathAvat rahate haiM, yadi unakA kSamatA ke anurUpa hI dohana kiyA jaave| kisI bhI prakAra kI bhUmi kI kriyA ( hala calAnA Adi) nahIM karanI par3atI, cUhe Adi jIva bhUmi ko ulaTa-pulaTa karate rahate haiN| pazu-pakSI vibhinna prajAtiyoM ke bIja bikherate rheNge| siMcAI kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI kyoMki jala saMrakSaNa ke liye vRkSoM se adhika sakSama aura sastA vastutaH niHzulka anya koI upakrama nahIM hai, prayogoM se yaha pramANita kiyA gayA hai ki saghana vana kSetra meM varSA kA 99 pratizata se adhika pAnI vahIM rUka jAtA hai, sokha liyA jAtA hai, jisase bhUmigata jalAzaya paripUrNa rahate haiM mAtra eka pratizata pAnI hI bahatA hai jisase varSAkAla meM vinAzakArI bAr3hoM kA prakopa samApta ho jAtA hai| isake viparIta vRkSa vihIna bhUmi meM varSA kI 99 pratizata jala baha jAtA hai aura mAtra eka pratizata hI ruka pAtA hai jisase varSA kAla meM vinAzakArI bAr3he AtI haiM aura phira jala strota nadI, nAle varSa bhara sUkhe rahate haiN| vanoM meM kisI prakAra ke urvarakoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, nirantara giratI pattiyoM, TahaniyoM se uttama urvaraka sadaiva upalabdha rahatA hai| cUMki vana kSetroM meM vibhinna prajAtiyA~ eka sAtha hotI hai aura una para rahane vAle kIr3e bhI vibhinna prakAra ke hote haiM ataH prAkRtika saMtulana rahatA hai| kisI bhI prakAra kA kIToM kA prakopa nahIM hotaa| ataH arhatu vacana, 19 (3), 2007 31 -

Page #36
13 kITanAzakoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| vanoM (kalpavRkSoM) para AdhArita jIvana zailI meM kisI bhI prakAra kI hiMsA, pradUSaNa yA kSaraNa nahIM hotaa| pUrNarUpeNa sahajIvI sahayogI vyavasthA rahatI hai| sabhIjIva paraspara sahayogI sahajIvI rahakara parasparopagra ho jIvAnAm cirantana sUtra kI sArthakatA ko pratipAdita karate haiN| manuSya bhI svataH gire phaloM ko khAkara unake bIjoM ko bikhera kara (Dispersal of seeds) vRkSoM kI sahAyatA karate haiN| vanoM para AdhArita jIvana zailI meM kisI prakAra kA zrama yA dhana kA vyaya nahIM hotaa| Adhunika kRSi meM jutAI, buvAI, siMcAI, khAda evaM kITanAzakoM se atyadhika hiMsA hotI hai, pradUSaNa bar3ha rahA hai, kSaraNa ho rahA hai| kRSi kI lAgata itanI bar3ha gaI hai aura nirantara bar3ha rahI hai ki araboM rUpayoM ke anudAna kI baisAkhI para hI cala pA rahI hai| kRSaka AtmahatyA bhI kara rahe haiN| merA projekTa vanoM se bhojana bhArata sarakAra ke vijJAna evaM prAdyogikI vibhAga se svIkRta huA thA aura usa para sneha zarmA ne pI. eca. DI. kI hai| isake antargata vanoM ke vRkSoM ke khAdya bIjoM kI pauSTikatA (upalabdha proTIna, kArabohAiDreTa, vasA, reze, khanija tatva) kA Akalana kiyA gyaa| svIkRta dhana rAzi evaM nirdhArita samaya sImA meM bIsa prakAra ke vRkSoM ke bIjoM kA vizlekSaNa kiyA jA sakA jinakI pauSTikatA kRSi se prApta anAjoM, dAloM se adhika pAI gii| vanoM se ausata 2 se 5 Tana pauSTika khAdya bIja prati hekTara prati varSa binA kisI zrama evaM dhana ke vyaya ke upalabdha ho jAte haiM, khAdya, phala, phUla, patte Adi isake atirikta haiN| vanoM se khAdya sAmagrI ke atirikta AvAsIya lakar3I, auSadhIya sAmagrI evaM aneka rasAyana bhI upalabdha hote haiM jina para AdhArita laghu-vRhat udyoga cala sakate haiN| yadi ahiMsakAhAra hI abhIpsita hai to kalpavRkSoM (vanoM) para AdhArita jIvana zailI apanAnA Avazyaka hai| yaha saMbhava hai aura isI meM prANI mAtra kA hita antarnihita hai| sandarbha sthala : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. samaNasuttaM, gAthA 148, sarva sevA saMgha prakAzana, rAjaghATa, vArANasI, san 1975 pustaka dvaya - 1. Pristine Jainism by S.M. Jain, Parshvanath Vidyapeeth, Varanasi, 2003 2. Environmental Ethics by S. M. Jain, Prakrit Bharati Academy, Jaipur, 2006 mahAvIra - gautama saMvAda vahI chahaDhAlA, kavivara daulatarAma, DhAla 4, chaMda 2 vahI, DhAla 6, chaMda 12 manusmRti, 10 / 83-84 Rgveda, 10/146/6 vahI, 10 / 146 / 5 manusmRti 6/21 vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, ayodhyAkAMDa, 50 / 44 vahI, 50, 31 / 26, 27 / 16 tatvArthasUtra, adhyAya-5, sUtra- 21 13. prApta : 27.06.07 32 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #37
bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI siddhavarakUTa sthita prAcIna mUrti (3. mUrti kI pAdapITha para aMkita zilAlekha ekarupama prakAra zrI ekamAtrI anya

Page #38

Page #39
varSa - 19, aMka - 3, julAI-sitambara 2007, 33-36 arhat vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura siddhavarakUTa - katipaya tathya - sUrajamala bobarA* sArAMza narmadA ke suramya taTa para sthita prasiddha jaina siddhakSetra siddhavarakUTa kA vaidika paramparA ke tIrtha evaM jyotirliMga ke rUpa meM prakhyAta oMkArezvara se gaharA aitihAsika saMbaMdha hai| narmadA nadI ke eka taTa para siddhavarakUTa to nadI ke dUsare taTa para oMkArezvara hai| sampUrNa kSetra pUrva meM mAMdhAtA ke nAma se prakhyAta thA / aitihAsika paurANika saMdarbho kA vizleSaNa karate hue itihAsa kI TUTI laDiyoM ko jor3ane kA prayAsa prastuta lekha meM kiyA gayA hai| nirvANa kANDa (prAkRta) kI 11vIM gAthA meM varNana hai revA- Naie tIre pacchima - bhAyAmmi siddhavara.. kUDe / do cakkI daha kappe ATThaya - koDi - Nivvude vande / isa gAthA se spaSTa hai ki siddhavarakUTa prAcIna kAla se jaina paraMparA meM pUjita hai| yahAM se do cakravartI, 10 kAmadeva va sAr3he tIna karor3a muni mokSa gaye haiM / yaha saMkhyA siddhavarakUTa ke laMbe samaya se jaina sAdhuoM aura tapasviyoM kI tapasthalI va mokSasthalI hone kA saMketa detI hai| narmadA aura revA ke saMgama para sthita yaha siddhakSetrA una aura bar3avAnI se nikaTatA se jur3A huA hai| yaha tInoM hI sthAna nimAr3a ke gaurava haiN| bhArata kA prAcInatama itihAsa narmadA aura viMdhyAcala ke sAtha ekameva hai| yaha itihAsa aba dhIre-dhIre ujAgara ho rahA hai aura AzA karanI cAhie ki kaI nae saMdarbha isase ujAgara hoNge| bhaTTAraka mahendra kIrtijI ne saM 1935 meM svapna pAkara khoja kI to unheM candraprabhu bhagavAna kI saM 1545 kI mUrti va vi.saM. 11 (?) AdinAtha bhagavAna kI mUrti prApta huI evaM vizAla khaMDita maMdira parisara dikhAI diyaa| jIrNoddhAra pazcAta saM.1951 meM pratiSThA dvArA yaha kSetra prakAza meM aayaa| Aja isa kSetra meM oMkArezvara pariyojanA ke sAtha naI halacala paidA huI haiN| baoNdha va pana bijalI ghara kA nirmANa ho rahA hai / jaina samAja ko jAgarUka rahanA cAhie ki vaMdita sthAna ko koI hAni na pahu~ce / hameM ina naye kA svAgata to karanA hI hai| kiMtu apane prAcIna tIrthoM kI rakSA ke lie bhI jAgarUka rahanA caahie| jaina samAja ke lie deza saba se pahale hai kiMtu dhArmika AsthAe~ bhI samAnAntara rUpa se mahatvapUrNa haiN| bA~dha sthala para prAcIna mUrtiyA~ prApta ho rahI haiM jo isa bAta kA saMketa de rahI haiM ki narmadA-revA ke saMgama sthala para prAcIna kAla meM bhI jaina parisara thaa| Trena se siddhavarakUTa Ane ke lie oMkArezvara ror3a sTezana para utaranA par3atA hai| pahale isa sTezana va sthAna kA nAma mAMdhAtA haA karatA thaa| Aja bhI yaha sthAna posTa mAMdhAtA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| yadi mAMdhAtA nAma banA rahatA to itihAsa kI gairAI meM jAne meM madada miltii| * nidezaka - jJAnodaya phAunDezana, 9/2, snehalatA gaMja, indaura-452003

Page #40
mAMdhAtA AyodhyA kA eka prAcIna sUryavaMzI rAjA thA jo dilIpa ke pUrvajoM meM se thaa| oMkArezvara ke prAcIna saMdarbhoM meM bhI mAMdhAtA kA ullekha hai / yadi mAMdhAtA ke kAryakalApoM kA vivaraNa prApta ho jAe to siddhavarakUTa kI prAcInatA pahacAnI jA skegii| narmadA ke kinAre ITabeDI (kasarAvada ) meM bhI jaina parisara hone kI saMbhAvanA vyakta kI gaI hai| mohana jodar3o / siMdhu sabhyatA kAla meM narmadA ghATI meM usI prakAra kI sabhyatA ke astitva kA patA lagatA hai| isa sabhyatA meM yogika jIvana darzana ke saMdarbha mile haiN| sampUrNa narmadA kA bahAva kSetra apane garbha meM itihAsa kI kaI ajJAta kar3iyoM ko chipAye baiThA hai / eka kar3I ko yahA~ hama pahacAnane kA prayatna kreNge| zrI viSNupurANa kA kathana hai ki jahAM se sUrya udaya hotA hai aura jahAM asta hotA hai vaha sabhI kSetra yuvanAzva ke putra mAMdhAtA kA hai| mAMdhAtA saptadvIpA pRthvI kA rAjya bhogatA thaa| mAMdhAtA ne zata bindu kI putrI bindumatI se vivAha kiyA thA aura usase purukutsa, ambarISa aura mucukuMda nAmaka tIna putra utpanna hue aura usI ke usake pacAsa kanyAe~ utpanna huI / ina kanyAoM kA vivAha bahuvRca saubharI nAmaka maharSi se huaa| mAMdhAtA ke putra ambariSa ke yuvanAzva nAmaka putra huaa| mAMdhatA ke putra purukutsa kI bhAryA narmadA nAgAdhipAti kI bahana thI / jisakI preraNA se rasAtala meM jAkara purukutasa ne gaMdharvoM kA nAza kara nAgadhipatiyoM kI madada kii| usa samaya samasta nAgarAjoM ne narmadA ko yaha vara diyA ki jo koI terA smaraNa karate hue terA nAma legA sarpa viSa se koI bhaya na hogaa| isI vaMza meM cakravartI sAgara huaa| isa prakaraNa meM mAMdhAtA aura narmadA kA saMbaMdha prakAzita hotA hai| jaina saMdarbha bhI kucha saMketa dete haiM / maghavAH dharmanAtha ke tIrtha meM maghavA nAmaka tIsarA cakravartI huaa| ayodhyA nareza ikSvAkuvaMzI sumitra kI mahArAnI bhadrA se maghavA nAma kA putra huA vaha cakravartI rAjA banA aparimita vaibhava hote hue bhI vaha bhogoM meM Asakta nahIM huaa| isakA samaya bhagavAna dharmanAtha ke pazcAta tathA bhagavAna zAntinAtha ke pahale hai| abhaya ghoSa kevalI ke upadeza se unake mana meM Atma kalyANa kI bhAvanA jAgRta huI aura ve AraMbha parigraha kA tyAga kara sakala caritra ke dhArI ho gae aura mokSagAmI hue| padma purANa ke anusAra AyodhyA nareza surendramanyu huA jisake vaMza meM mAMdhAtA huaa| mAMdhAtA ke saMbaMdha meM batAte hue rAmacaMdra varmA ne likhA hai- ayodhyA kA eka prAcIna sUryavaMzI rAjA jo dilIpa ke pUrvajoM meM se thaa| maghavA : sAtaveM dvApara ke vyAsa / kyA maghavA aura mAMdhAtA eka hI vyakti the ? isa prazna ke paidA hone ke tIna pramukha kAraNa hai / saubhari RSi ne mAMdhAtA kI 50 kanyAoM se vivAha kiyA thaa| saubhari RSi ne 12 varSa jala meM nivAsa kiyA thaa| usa jala meM sammada nAmaka eka bahuta sI saMtAnovAlA aura ati dIrghakAya matsyarAja thaa| usake putra pautra Adi usake Age pIche idhara-udhara puccha aura sira ke upara dhUmate hue ati Anandita hokara rAtadina usI ke sAtha krIr3A karate the...... saubhari RSi ne vicAra kiyA yaha dhanya hai| jo aisI aniSTa yoni meM utpanna hokara bhI apane ina putra-pautra aura dauhitra Adi ke sAtha niraMtara ramaNa 34 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #41
karatA huA hamAre hRdaya meM DAha utpanna karatA hai| saubhari RSi ke hRdaya meM saMsAra basAne kI bhAvanA jAgRta huI aura gRhasthAzrama meM praveza kI bhAvanA se kanyA grahaNa karane ke lie rAjA mAMdhAtA ke pAsa aaye| kahIM aisA to nahI ki saubhari RSi narmadA ke jala meM tapa karate hoM kyoMki vizAla matsya oMkArezvara ghATa se lage narmadA meM hI saMbhava hai| usa ghATa se thor3A haTa kara mAMdhAtA nAma se jJAta sthAna hai| kahI paurANika cakravartI mAMdhAtA kI rAjadhAnI yA uparAjadhAnI isI kSetra meM ho| jaina saMdarbhoM meM varNita cakravartI maghavA bhI mAMdhAtA ke samAna ikSvAkuvaMzI hI the| maghavA revA nadI siddhavarakUTa se tapasyA kara mokSagAmI hue| kathAnaka isa prakAra banatA hai ki dvApara ke sAtaveM yuga meM mAMdhAtA narmadA ke kinAre basI eka vizAla nagarI ke zAsaka the| ve ikSvAku vaMzI cakravartI rAjA the| narmadA ke kinAre base rAjA mAMdhAtA kI nagarI ko hI unake nAma se mAMdhAtA kahA jAne lgaa| mAMdhAtA ke putra purukutsa ne narmadA kSetra ke bahumukhI vikAsa ke lie prayatna kiyaa| yaha bhI paurANika saMdarbha hai ki nAgavaMzI loga gaMdharva jAti ke logoM se parAsta hokara pAtAla purI meM kendrita ho gae the| nAgavaMziyoM ne purukutsa se anunaya kI ho ki unheM gaMdhavoM ke bhaya se mukta karAne ke lie madada jaae| zrI viSNupurANa kA kathana hai ki narmadA, jise purukutsa kI bhAryA kahA gayA hai vaha purukutsa ko rasAtala meM le aayii| rasAtala meM pahu~cane para usane sampUrNa gaMdhavoM ko mAra ddaalaa| usa samaya samasta nAgarAjAoM ne narmadA ko yaha vara diyA ki jo kAI terA smaraNa karate hue terA nAma legA use sarpa viSa se koI bhaya nahIM hogaa| narmadA ke kinAre basI janajAtiyoM meM Aja bhI yaha vizvAsa pracalita hai / isa kathAnaka meM manuSya aura prakRti ( purukutsa aura narmadA nadI) ke sahayoga se rasAtala pAtAla purI taka (pazcimAMcala-khaMbhAta kI khAr3I taka ) mAMdhAtA ke samrAjya kA vistAra huA ho yaha satya smRti rUpa meM rakhane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| narmadA madhyAMcala kI jIvana rekhA hai jisakA purukutsa ne jalamArga se yAtrA karate hue gaMdharvoM kA vadha kiyA ho aura nAgoM ko una ke AtaMka se mukta karAyA ho / narmadA ko madhya meM rakhakara samrATa mAMdhAtA ne dharmarAjya kI sthApanA kI aura apane aMta samaya sarvatyAgI muni bana kara revA nadI ke usa pAra pahAr3I para AtmA sAdhanA kI ho aura vahIM se nazvara deha tyAga mokSa gAmI ho gaye hoM / kyA ye maghavA the ? saMbhAvanA ke isa setu ko hame jIvita rahane denA cAhie tAki itihAsa ko jor3A jA ske| jisa kAla kI yaha ghaTanA hai usa samaya zramaNa aura vaidika ciMtana va paramaparAyeM virodhI nahIM thI donoM kA najariyA alaga-alaga thaa| | maghavA zAMtinAtha ke aMtarAla meM evaM bhagavAna dharmanAtha ke tIrthakAla meM hue the / mAMdhAtA (maghavA) kA kAla nirdhAraNa karane meM kucha tathya madada kara sakate hai / mAMdhAtA kA vaMza isa prakAra calatA hai mAMdhAtA ambarISa yuvanAzva hArIta - - + pRSadakha haryazva hasta sumanA tridhanvA trayyArUNi - rohitAzva harita caJju vijaya + vasudeva vasudeva vijaya se rUrUka aura tAla jaMgha kSatriyoM kA nAza kiyA) ayodhyA kA cakravartI maghavA va narmadA kinAre kA mAMdhAtA kA samanvaya kaThina ho sakatA hai para arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 - - - purukutsa rAyasyu anaraNya satyavrata (trizaMku ) harizcaMdra - - vRkrabAhu sagara ( isa ne haihaya - 35

Page #42
Tsaahaa| asaMbhava nahIM - cakravartI hone ke nAte ayodhyA aura narmadA kinAre oMkArezvara vAlA sthAna sabhI unake maghavA yA mAMdhAtA ke adhipatya meM hI hogeM aura narmadA taTa kI suramyatA ko dekhakara unahoMne vahA~ eka nagarI basAI ho jise mAMdhAtA kahA jAne lagA ho| na hamAre pAsa mAMdhAtA grAma kA koI prAmANika itihAsa hai na siddhavarakUTa kA prAcIna itihAsa hai kiMtu mAMdhAtA aura maghavA inameM virodhAbhAsa najara nahIM AtA hai| hama prAkRta kI gAthA ko bhI kaise bhUla sakate hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM nadI ko jIvana dAyinI ke rUpa meM pUjA gayA hai| narmadA kI sahAyatA - preraNA se kahIM purUkutsa - nAvika zakti kA sahArA lekara pazcima kSetrA (rasAtala) gayA ho aura dAnava jAti para vijaya prApta kI ho| do sAMskRtika paramparAeM saMketa kara rahI hai ki mAMdhAtA aura maghavA eka hI vyakti honA caahie| yahI saMketa siddhavarakUTa ke itihAsa kI puSTi kregaa| jaina saMdarbho meM varNita cakravartI maghavA bhI mAMdhAtA ke samAna ikSvAkuvaMzI hI the| maghavA revAnadI siddhavarakUTa se tapasyA kara mokSagAmI hue| siddhavarakUTa kA itihAsa isI prakAra honA cAhie, vaha mAMdhAtA aura maghavA ke samanvaya se narmadA ghATI ke purAtatva se jur3A huA lagatA hai| purAtatva vettA kucha anya pramANa deMge to tathyoM ko svIkAra karanA anivAryatA hogii| kiMtu jaina samAja ina saMdarbho ke prakAza meM apane prakAzanoM meM jAgarUka rahegA to jaina itihAsa ko kramabaddha karane meM sahAyatA milegii| narmadA aura usake kinAre para jaina dharma ke astitva kA pramANa viSNupurANa meM anyatra milatA hai| kathana hai ki - pArAzarajI bole - he maitreya ! tadanantara mAyA moha ne (devatAoM ke sAtha) jA kara dekhA ki asuragaNa narmadA ke taTa para tapasyA meM lage hue hai| taba use mayUrapiccha dhArI digambara jaina muNDita keza mAyA moha ne asuroM se ati madhura vANI meM isa prakAra kahA / yaha sampUrNa jagata vijJAnamaya hai - aisA jaano| yaha saMsAra anAdhAra hai bhramajanya padArthoM kI pratiti para hI sthira hai tathA rAgAdi doSoM duSita hai| isa saMsAra saMkaTa meM jIva atyaMta bhaTakatA rahatA hai| mAyA moha ne daityoM se kahA thA ki Apa loga isa mahAdharma ko 'arhata' isakA Adara kIjie / ataH usa dharma kA avalaMbana karane se ve 'Ahata' khlaaye| isa kathAnaka meM paraparAgata vidveSa kI jhalaka ho kiMtu narmadA ke taTa para 'arhat vacana' kI prAcIna upasthiti kA pramANa to hai hii| mayUra picchIdhArI digambara aura muNDita keza aura usake vacana sabhI digambara muni kI upasthiti ko rekhAMkita karate haiN| amarakaMTaka se lekara khaMbhAta taka narmadA ghATI meM jaina vaMdita kSetrA anekoM hai| saMdarbha sthala :1. kasarAvada utkhanan - DaoN. vi.zra. vAkaNakara, ujjaina viSNu purANa, adhyAya - 3, aMza - 4, zloka - 53, gItApresa, gorakhapura 3. vahI, zloka, 7-13 4. vahI, adhyAya - 18, zloka - 1,2,9-12, 18-17 prApta : 05.01.06 36 arhat vacana, 19(3), 2007

Page #43
arhata vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura varSa - 19, aMka - 3, julAI-sitambara 2007, 37-39 jaina dharma meM svastika (sAMthiyA) jayA jaina* sArAMza prastuta Alekha meM bhAratIya paramparA meM sarvamAnya mAMgalika pratIka svastika ke mahatva tathA usake artha ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| svastika eka mAMgalika pratIka hai / jisake AkAra meM maMgala kA bhAva samAhita ho gayA hai| jisake vinyAsa kI rekhAyeM aura dizAyeM maMgala tatva kA saMketa karatI haiN| rUpa, bhAva aura tatva isa mAMgalika pratIka meM milakara eka ho gaye haiN| svastika ko jaina dharma meM maMgalakArI mAnA gayA hai| svastika kI utpatti Rgveda se bhI prAcIna hai| svastika pUjA kA calana hameM loka saMskAroM se lekara zaila citroM, sindhu ghATI kI sIloM va sabhI Astika dharmoM meM mAMgalika rUpa se milatA hai| kisI bhI zubha kArya ko karane se pahale svastika cinha aMkita kara pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| 'svastika' zabda 'su-asa' dhAtu se banA hai| 'su' yAne acchA, kalyANa, maMgala aura 'asa' arthAt sattA yA astitv| tInoM loka, tInoM kAloM tathA pratyeka vastu meM jo vidyamAna hai, vahI sundara, maMgala, upasthiti kA svarUpa hai / yahI bhAvanA svastika kI hai| 'svastika' zabda 'saoNthiyA' rUpa meM bhI pracalita hai| 'saoNthiyA' zabda prAkRta kA apabhraMza rUpa hai / isakA prAkRta zuddha rUpa 'saMThavo' honA caahiye| jisakA saMskRta rUpa saMsthA ke saMsthApaka hotA hai| isakA sIdhA zabdArtha hotA hai| saMsthiti karanevAlA, saMsthApaka / itihAsa sAkSI hai ki isa yuga ke Adi meM logoM ke jIvana-nirvAha kI sthiti bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne kI thI aura unhoMne hI sarvaprathama dharma kI sthApanA kI thI, ataH loga unheM 'saMsthApaka' kahane lage, jo ki unake kAryoM ke anurUpa hI nAma thaa| isa prakAra isI 'saMsthApaka' zabda kA prAkRta-apabhraMza meM saoNthiyA pracalita ho gayA pratIta hotA hai| * prAdhyApikA - citrakalA vibhAga, kamalA rAjA kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, gvAliyara (ma.pra.) nivAsa - epha-3, zAsakIya AvAsa kampU, gvAliyara (ma.pra.)

Page #44
'svastika' kA kSetra vyApaka hai isakA mahatva aneka sAMskRtika parivezoM meM samAna rUpa se rahA hai| 'svastika' aneka kSetroM ko sparza karatA hai, kyoMki vibhinna sthAnoM para isake aneka artha prApta hote haiN| jaise dakSiNa bhArata meM ise sUryopAsanA se saMbaMddha kiyA hai to kahIM yaha saubhAgya mUlaka mAnA gayA hai| svastika aneka rUpoM meM bhI aMkita huA hai| pUrNa yA sabAhu svastika (a) kA vikAsa mUlataH abAhu svastika (+) se huA, jo dhana cinha aura guNana cinha (+,x) donoM rUpoM meM aMkita kiyA jAtA thaa| aMgrejI meM jise 'krAsa' zabda se iMgita kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta isa cinha ke aneka aura bhI artha diye gaye hai, jaise prajanana pratIka, vyApArika cinha, alaMkaraNa, abhiprAya Adi / jaoNna gembala ke matAnusAra 'krAsa' kA Aditam rUpa mRtyu kA dyotaka nahIM thA varan mRtyu para vijaya prApta karane kA pratIka thaa|' dhana cinha (+) aura guNana (x) cinha meM eka dUsare ko kATatI huI do sIdhI rekhAyeM hotI haiM / jo Age calakara phira se mur3a jAtI hai| isake bAda bhI ye rekhAyeM apane siroM para thor3I aura mur3I hotI hai| jaba hama svastika ke pracalita AkAra prakAroM para dRSTipAta karate haiM to isa AkRti kI samatA sarvaprAcIna brAmhIlipi ke 'R' akSara se bahuta kucha mela khAtI hai| svastika ke isa AkAra ke sAtha kahIM para isake madhya bindu hotA hai| jaina darzana meM svastika ke upara naMdIpada pratIka kI avadhAraNA kI gaI hai | svastika ke bindu AkAra arihaMta aura siddha rUpa ke pratIka haiM / svastika saMsAra se mukti taka kI sabhI avasthAoM kI ora prANiyoM kA dhyAna AkarSita karatA hai| isake madhya meM khar3I aura Ar3I (+) do rekhAyeM purUSa aura prakRti , jIva aura pudgala, caitanya aura jar3a, bramha evaM mAyA, amRta evaM martya, satya aura asatya, amUrta aura mUrta Adi vizva ke do sanAtana tatvoM kA nirdeza karatI haiN| ina rekhAoM ke siroM para kI cAra paMktiyA~ cAra gatiyoM kA smaraNa karAtI haiN| ye cAra gatiyAM haiM deva, manuSya, tiryaMca aura nAraka, jinheM svastika ke cAro koNa iMgita karate haiM jaba caturgati duHkha samApta ho jAtA hai, taba parama maMgala kI prApti hotI hai| svastika bhI isI tathya kI abhivyaMjanA karatA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki svastika kI cAroM bhujAeM cAroM gatiyoM ke duHkhoM kA smaraNa dilAkara, prApta mAnava paryAya ko saMyama dvArA sArthaka banAne kA saMketa prastuta karatI haiM ki jIva jisa samaya, jisa avasthA, paryAya yA zarIra meM rahatA hai, usa samaya usakI vaha gati mAnI jAtI hai| jIva kI avasthA vizeSa ko hI gati kahA gayA hai| apane zubha-azubha karma bandha ke anusAra hI jIva ko gati kI prApti hotI hai| tIvra pApodaya se 'naraka', parama zubhodaya se 'deva', pApodaya se 'tiryaMca' aura zubhodaya se manuSyagati kI prApti hotI hai| saMyama aura tapazcaraNa-dvArA manuSya ina gatiyoM ke bandhanoM ko tor3a sakatA hai| manuSya gati kA sarvAdhika mahatva isalie hai, ki isa gati se jIva cAroM gatiyoM ko to prApta kara hI sakatA hai, para siddhAvasthA bhI isa gati se prApta kI jA sakatI hai|12 svastika ke madhya meM rakhe haye cAra bindu cAra dhAtiyA~ karmoM ko nAza kara ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha aura ananta vIrya rUpa ananta lakSmI ko prApta arahanta kA sUcaka jJAta hote haiM / 13 AtmA ke bandhanoM se mukti prApta karane ke liye mAnava ko triratna (samyak, darzana, jJAna evaM cAritra) kA anusaraNa karanA caahiye| yaha triratna tIna bindu ke rUpa meM svastika ke zirobhAga para sthApita kiye jAte hai| inakA anusaraNa karane para mAnava AdhyAtmika rUpa se upara uThatA hai jisake pratIka svarUpa tIna binduoM ke upara ardhacandra kI AkRti darzAyI jAtI hai, jise siddha zilA kA pratIka mAnA jAtA hai|14 38 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #45
siddha zilA kA AkAra ardhacandrAkAra hai, yaha ardhacandra mokSa kA pratIka hai| 15 ardhacandra ke bIca kA binda usa avasthA ko dyotita karatA hai, jaba AtmA ko pUrNa cetanA prApta ho jAtI hai aura vaha pudgala (padArtha) ke saMsarga se pUrNa rUpa se mukta ho jAtI hai| svastika kA eka artha aura bhI hai ADI va khar3I rekhAyeM kramazaH jIva va pudgala ko darzAtI, zeSa cAra rekhAyeM jIva kI gatiyoM meM utpatti ko pradarzita karatI hai / ina cAra rekhAoM ko kATane vAlI + anya cAra rekhAyeM ina gatiyoM meM paryAya ke miTane arthAt vyaya kI pratIka hai tathA cAra bindu dravya kI sthiratA ke sUcaka hai| isa taraha svastika jaina dharma meM varNita dravya ke utpAda (utpanna honA), vyaya (miTanA) aura dhrauvya (avinazvaratA) ko prarUpita karane vAlA pratIka bhI hai| kahIM - khiiN| syAdvAda darzana kA pratIka bhI svastika ko mAnA hai / svastika ke 'su' zabda kA artha hai samasta, asti = sthiti, ka = prakaTa karane vAlA arthAt samasta saMsAra kI samasta vastuoM kI vAstavika sthiti prakaTa karane kI sAmarthya syAdvAda darzana meM hai jise svastika pratibimbita karatA hai| 16 svastika meM jaina dharma, darzana kI saMpUrNa kathA sannahita hai| prAcIna hastalikhita graMthoM meM graMtha AraMbha ke pahale svastika cinha tathA graMtha samApta karane para bhI svastika cinha maMgala sUcaka hone ke kAraNa diyA gayA hai| vyApaka rUpa se pUjya va pracalita maMdiroM, dhvajAoM para svastika kA aMkana dekhane ko milatA hai| Aja bhI yaha akSata puMjo meM banAyA jAtA hai, caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchanoM (cinha) meM se eka hai| yaha sAtaveM tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha kA cinha hai| karmayoga kA paricAyaka svastika vyakti ko cAroM dizAoM meM Age bar3hane kI preraNA detA hai| svastika mahA pratIka hai, bhAratIyatA kA, karmaThatA kA aura karmayoga kA yaha eka mahAna saMdezavAhaka hai| sandarbha :1. caturvedI, gopAla madhukara, bhAratIya citrakalA, sAhitya saMgama, ilAhAbAda, 1989, pRSTha - 111 jozI, mahAdeva zAstrI, hamArI saMskRti ke pratIka, sastA sAhitya maMDala, naI dillI, 1989, pRSTha - 117 jaina, hIrAlAla, tIrthakara (indaura), janavarI 75, pRSTha- 27 siMha, vIrendra, pratIka darzana, maMgala prakAzana, jayapura, 1977, pRSTha- 45 guptA, jagadIza, prAgaitihAsika bhAratIya citrakalA, nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, dillI - 5, pRSTha- 418 siMha, vIrendra, pratIka darzana, pRSTha - 45 vahI, pRSTha - 45 zarmA, yogezacandra, kAdambinI 1998, pRSTha - 161 dekheM, saMdarbha - 3, pRSTha - 22, 28 dekheM, saMdarbha - 3, pRSTha - 27, 28 11. jaina, bhAgacandra, devagaDha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, bhAratIya jJAnapITha,dillI-1974, pRSTha- 110 12. zAstrI, nemicandra, gurU gopAladAsa baraiyA smRti graMtha - a.bhA.di. jaina vidvat pariSada, sAgara, 1974, pRSTha - 337 dekheM, saMdarbha - 3, pRSTha - 28 14. dekheM, saMdarbha - 3, pRSTha - 22 15. dekheM, saMdarbha - 12, pRSTha - 337 16. dekheM, saMdarbha - 3, pRSTha - 22,28 17. dekheM, saMdarbha - 12, pRSTha - 132 prApta : 16.06.07 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 39

Page #46
6.00 kundakunda jJAnapITha dvArA prakAzita upalabdha sAhitya kra. pustaka kA nAma lekhaka I.S.B.N. mUlya 01. bAlabodha jainadharma, pahalA bhAga paM. dayAcanda goyanIya 81-86933-01-8 1.50 saMzodhita 02. bAlabodha jainadharma, dUsarA bhAga paM. dayAcanda goyalIya 81-86933-02-6 1.50 03. bAlabodha jainadharma, tIsarA bhAga paM. dayAcanda goyalIya 81-86933-03-4 3.00 04. bAlabodha jainadharma, cauthA bhAga paM. dayAcanda goyalIya 81-86933-04-2 4.00 05. naitika zikSA, prathama bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933-05-0 06. naitika zikSA, dUsarA bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933-06-9 4.00 07. naitika zikSA, tIsarA bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933-07-7 7.00 08. naitika zikSA, cauthA bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933-08-5 6.00 09. naitika zikSA, pAMcavA~ bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933-09-3 10. naitika zikSA, chaThA bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933-10-7 6.00 11. naitika zikSA, sAtavAM bhAga paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI 81-86933-11-5 6.00 12. The Jaina Sanctuaries __Dr. T.V.G Shastri 81-86933-12-3 500.00 of the Fortress of Gwalior 13. jaina dharma - vizva dharma paM. nAthUrAma DoMgarIya jaina 81-86933-13-1 12.00 14. mUlasaMgha aura usakA prAcIna / 81-86933-14-x 70.00 sAhitya 15. Jain Dharma-Vishwa Pt. Nathuram 81-86933-15-8 20.00 Dharma Dongariya Jain 16. ma.pra. kA jaina zilpa zrI narezakumAra pAThaka 81-86933-18-2 300.00 17. jainAcAra vijJAna muni sunIlasAgara 81-86933-20-4 20.00 18. samIcIna sArvadharma sopAna paM. nAthUrAma DoMgarIya jaina 81-86933-21-2 20.00 19. An Introduction to Pt. Balbhadra Jain 81-86933-22-0 100.00 Jainism & Its Culture 20. jIvana kyA hai ? DaoN. anilakumAra jaina 81-86933-24-7 50.00 21. videzI saMgrahAlayoM meM bhArata kI zrI nareza kumAra pAThaka 81-86933-25-5 50.00 jaina mUrtiyA~ 22. Mathematical Contents Prof. L.C. Jain 81-86933-26-33000.00 of Digambara Jaina 81-86933-27-1 Per set Texts of Karnanuyoga Group, Vol.-1&Vol.-2 23. jaina saMskRta sAhitya meM saMskRti rA~vakA 81-86933-28-x 100.00 zrI kRSNa caritaH eka adhyayana noTa : pUrva ke sabhI sUcI patrA radda kiye jAte haiN| mUlya parivartanIya haiN| prApti samparka : kundakunda jJAnapITha, 584, mahAtmA gAMdhI mArga, indaura - 452 001 arhat vacana, 19 (3). 2007 40

Page #47
varSa - 19, aMka - 3, julAI-sitambara 2007, 41-45 arhat vacana ke jaina dharma : tatkAlIna aitihAsika sarokAra kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura - zikharacandra jaina* - manoja kumAra jaina** sArAMza chaThavIM zatAbdI IsA pUrva kA vizva itihAsa meM viziSTa sthAna hai / isa zatAbdI se hI prAcIna bhArata meM rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, Arthika, sAMskRtika evaM dhArmika badalAva dikhAI die| isa zatAbdI meM kaI navIna siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana huaa| phalasvarUpa mAnava mastiSka se vaicArika raktahIna krAnti kA sUtrapAta huaa| isa kAla taka samAja brAhmaNa kSatriya, vaizya evaM zUdra cAra varSoM meM vibhAjita ho cukA thaa| vaicArika krAMti kA sUtrapAta kSatriya varNa se huaa| isane tatkAlIna sAmAjika evaM rAjanaitika vyavasthA ko prabhAvita kiyA / mahAvIra svAmI jaina dharma ke pravartaka nahIM the| mahAvIra svAmI se pUrva bhI jaina dharma vidyamAna thA / ve to chaThI zatAbdI IsA pUrva meM jaina dharma Andolana ke punaruddhAraka the| mahAvIra svAmI mAtR pakSa se ajAta zatru ke nikaTa sambandhI the unhone 30 varSa kI avasthA meM graha tyAga kiyA aura tapasyA meM lIna ho gaye isa bIca unake kaI ziSya baneM kucha ne unakA sAtha chodd'aa| kevalajJAna prApti ke bAda unhoMne dhArmika sidhdAntoM kA pracAra prasAra kiyA aura jainadharma bhArata kA pramukha dharma bana gyaa| mahAvIra svAmI ne anekAntavAda arthAta syAdAda kA mArga apanAyA / jaina dharma pUrNataH jAti vyavasthA ke viruddha nahIM hai / jaina dharma meM brAhANa ko bhI ucita sthAna diyA gayA hai / jaina dharmAvalAmbiyoM kI saMkhyA bhArata meM bauddhoM se adhika hai| jaina dharma ko usa samaya kucha pramukha prAcIna bhAratIya rAjavaMzoM kA saMrakSaNa prApta huaa| jaina dharma ko ahiMsaka kAryakSetra vAle logoM ne apanAyA / rAjanaitika paridazya ko prabhAvita karane kI dRSTi se ajAtazatru, udayana aura nanda rAjAoM ko le sakate haiN| yaha jaina dharma kA hI prabhAva thA ki magadha meM nanda vaMza kA zAsana sthApita huA jinheM itihAsakAra zUdra mAnate haiN| isa zAsana kA paryApta vistAra haA jaina dharma ke kAraNa hI brAhmaNoM ko kaI sudhArAtmaka prayAsa karane par3e brAhmaNoM meM AtmAvalokana kI pravRtti kA vikAsa bhI jainoM ke kAraNa hI huaa| vizva ke aneka dezoM ke sAtha-sAtha bhArata meM bhI yaha kAla mAnava mastiSka meM huI jabaradasta uthala-puthala kA sAkSI bnaa| loga pahale se cale A rahe dhArmika aura dArzanika siddhAntoM se Uba cuke the / sAmAjika dhArmika kaThoratAoM se unheM ciDha hone lagI thii| loga isa pArthiva jIvana ke kaSToM se mukti pAne ke lie satat prayatnazIla hone lge| vastutaH bhArata meM isa kAla taka Ate-Ate sAmAjika, dhArmika jIvana meM saMkIrNatA, andhavizvAsa, jaTilatA aura aneka varjanAyeM A cukI thii| isa kAla taka samAja cAra varNoM meM vibhAjita ho cukA thA-brAmhaNa, kSatriya, vaizya evaM shuudr| * vibhAgAdhyakSa, rAjanIti vijJAna, zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, murainA (ma.pra.) * atithi sahAyaka prAdhyApaka, rAjanIti vijJAna zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, murainA (ma.pra.)

Page #48
| antima do varNa sAmAjika saMracanA meM mahatvahIna the / vastutaH vyavasthA ke viruddha AvAja inhIM varNoM se uThanI cAhie thI, kintu aisA nahIM huA / vaicArika krAMti kA sUtrapAta kSatriya varNa se huaa| bauddha dharma evaM jaina dharma ke praNetA kSatriya hI the jo isa tathya ko iMgita karate haiM, ki vAstava meM vyavasthA kitanI nikRSTa ho cukI thI / prastuta zodha patra meM inhIM saba tathyoM kA vizleSaNa evaM AMkalana kiyA gayA hai, ki jaina dharma ke prAdurbhAva se tatkAlIna bhArata kI rAjanaitika evaM sAmAjika vyavasthA kisa prakAra prabhAvita huI? isa sabakA rAjanaitika evaM sAmAjika kSetra meM hone vAle parivartanoM se kyA sarokAra thA ? kyA yaha mAtra pratikriyAvAdI dharma sudhAra Andolana thA? 1 gautama buddha ke samaya AvirbhUta hone vAle arUr3hivAdI mahApuruSoM meM jaina dharma ke mahAvIra svAmI kA nAma sarvAdhika prasiddha hai| jaina paramparAoM meM caubIsa tIrthakaroM kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu tatkAlIna srotoM se hameM zodha evaM gaveSaNA ke pazcAt teIsave tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke viSaya meM saMkSipta jAnakArI hI prApta hotI hai vastutaH mahAvIra jaina dharma ke pravartaka nahIM the ye chaThI zatAbdI IsA pUrva ke jaina dharma Andolana ke pravarddhaka the|' yaha nizcita hai ki jaina dharma evaM usakI kucha zikSAeM mahAvIra se pUrva hI astitva meM A cukI thI / "Thus, Unlike Buddha, Mahavira was more a reformer of an existing religion and possible of a church than the founder of new faith,.................he is represented as following a well established creed, most probably that of Parsva"." mahAvIra kA janma 599 I. pU. meM kuNDalapura grAma meM nAthavaMzIya rAjA siddhArtha ke yahA~ huA thaa| unake pitA siddhArtha kSatriyoM ke saMgha ke pradhAna the, jo vajji saMgha kA pramukha sadasya thA / unakI mAtA vaizAlI ke licchavi kula ke pramukha ceTaka kI prathama kanyA thii| isa prakAra mAtR pakSa se ve magadha ke haryaka kula ke rAjAoM bimbasAra evaM ajAtazatru ke nikaTa sambandhI the / zvetAmbara jaina grantha AcArAMga sUtra unake kaThora tapazcaryA evaM kAyakleza kA bar3A hI rocaka vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai:- " prathama 13 mahInoM meM unhoMne kabhI bhI apanA vastra nahIM bdlaa| sabhI prakAra ke jIva jantu unake zarIra para reMgate the / tatpazcAta unhoMne vastroM kA pUrNa tyAga kara diyA aura naMge ghUmane lge| zArIrika kaSToM kI upekSA karake ve apanI sAdhanA meM rata rhe| unhoMne na to kabhI dhairya khoyA aura na hI apane utpIr3akoM ke prati mana meM dveSa athavA pratizodha rkhaa| ve mauna evaM zAnta rheN|" pro. e. ema. ghATage likhate hai ki "This was probably the first important step in the reformation of the church of Parsva.3 unake bhramaNakArI jIvana kI eka mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA nAlandA meM makkhaliputtagozAla se unakI bheMTa thii| yaha sanyAsI unakA ziSya bana gayA, kintu chaH varSoM bAda unakA sAtha chor3akara usane "AjIvaka" sampradAya kI sthApanA kii| bAraha varSoM kI kaThora tapasyA evaM sAdhanA ke pazcAt jRmbhika grAma ke samIpa RjupAlikA nadI ke taTa para eka sAla vRkSa ke nIce unheM kaivalya (jJAna) prApta huaa| jJAna prApti ke pazcAt ve "kevalI'' jina (vijetA) arhat (yogya) tathA nirgrantha kahe gye| apanI sAdhanA meM aTala rahane tathA atula parAkrama dikhAne ke kAraNa unheM mahAvIra nAma se sambodhita kiyA gyaa| zIghra hI jaina dharma bhArata ke pramukha dharmoM meM zumAra ho gyaa| gautama buddha ke samAna mahAvIra svAmI ne bhI vedoM kI apaurUSeyatA svIkAra karane se inkAra kara arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 42 *

Page #49
diyA tathA dhArmika evaM sAmAjika rUr3hiyoM aura pAkhaNDoM kA virodha kiyaa| unhoMne AtmavAdiyoM tathA nAstikoM ke ekAntika matoM ko chor3akara bIca kA mArga apnaayaa| jise anekAntavAda athavA syAdvAda kahA gayA hai| isa mata ke anusAra kisI vastu ke aneka dharma (pahala) hote haiM tathA vyakti apanI sImita buddhi dvArA kevala kucha hI dharmoM ko jAna sakatA hai| pUrNa jJAna kevala unake (kevalI) lie hI sambhava hai| ata: unakA kahanA thA ki sabhI vicAra aMzata: satya hote haiN| mahAvIra svAmI dvArA diyA gayA yaha vicAra atyadhika mahatvapUrNa hai| yaha unakI bauddhika sahiSNutA kA bhI paricAyaka haiN| mahAvIra saSTi ke kaNa-kaNa meM jIvoM kA vAsa mAnate the| isI kAraNa unhoMne ahiMsA para vizeSa bala diyaa| sAmAnyata: yaha vizvAsa kara liyA jAtA hai, ki jaina dharma pUrNata:jAti vyavasthA ke viruddha hai| vastuta: aisA nahIM hai| DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana ne "bhAratIya darzana" meM spaSTa likhA hai ki "jaina jAti prathA ke viruddha nahIM hai, jo unake anusAra AcaraNa se sambandha rakhatI hai| manuSya apane karmoM se hI brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya athavA zUdra bana sakatA hai|............ isI tathya ko DaoN. Ara. sI. majUmadAra ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai- "Jainism did not oppose the caste system and was more accommodating to Hinduism than Buddhism". jaina brAhmaNa zabda ko eka sammAnIya zabda samajhate haiM jisakA prayoga aise vyaktiyoM ke lie kiyA jA sakatA hai jo janma se brAhmaNa nahIM haiN| janmagata jAti kA mithyAbhimAna aura usake kAraNa jAtiyoM se pRthaka rahane ke vicAra ko jaina dharma ke anuyAyI dUSita mAnate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina dharma eka khulA dharma bana skaa| Aja bhI bhArata meM isake anuyAyI acchI saMkhyA meM vidyamAna hai| yadyapi prAcIna bhArata meM bauddhoM kI apekSA jaina saMkhyA meM kama tathA pracAra-prasAra kA utsAha jaina dharmAvalambiyoM meM kama thaa| isa aitihAsika tathya kI vyAkhyA karate hue zrImatI sTIveMsana ne likhA hai- "jaina mata kA svarUpa kucha aisA thA, ki jisake kAraNa yaha AvazyakatA par3ane para apane Avazyaka aMgoM ke jariye Apatti se apanI rakSA kara sakane kI kSamatA rakhatA thaa| bauddha mata ke samAna isane kabhI apane ko isa samaya ke pracalita matoM se ekadama pRthak nahIM kiyaa| isane sadA brAhmaNoM ko apane pArivArika purohitoM ke sthAna meM niyukta kiyA jo isake janma ke samaya bhI saba saMskAroM ke adhyakSa hote the aura prAya: ve hI mRtyu evaM vivAha Adi ke samaya aura maMdiroM meM pUjana Adi ke liye bhI dharmAdhyakSa hote the| isake atirikta apane pramukha caritrAnAyakoM meM jainiyoM ne hindU devatAoM, yathA rAma evaM kRSNa Adi ke lie bhI kucha sthAna zalAkA puruSa ke rUpa meM surakSita rakha liye the| mahAvIra kI saMgaThana saMbaMdhI pratibhA ke kAraNa bhI jaina mata eka ucita sthAna meM khar3A rahA kyoMki jainamata ne sarvasAdhAraNa ko bhI saMgha ke Antarika bhAga ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA, jabaki buddhamata meM unakA koI bhAga na thA aura na usakI vyavasthA meM unake lie koI sthAna thaa| isalie jaba sAre deza meM atyAcAra ke tUphAna Aye taba jainamata ne saralatA ke sAtha hindU dharma tathA vijetAoM ko jainamata evaM usa vizAla hindU dharma meM koI bhinnatA pratIta na ho skii| tatkAlIna samaya meM jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra evaM vistAra kA zreya mahAvIra svAmI kI dhArmika zikSAoM ke atirikta do anya bAtoM ko bhI jAtA hai| prathama, jaina dharma ko pramukha prAcIna bhAratIya zAsakoM kA saMrakSaNa prApta honaa| dvitIya, vaha tathya jisakA vizleSaNa DaoN. romilA thApara ne apane grantha meM kiyA haiN| vaha tathya yaha hai ki jaina dharma mUlata: ahiMsA para bala detA hai| ahiMsA vaha bhI mAnava mAtra arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 43

Page #50
ke liye nahIM apitu sampUrNa prANI mAtra ke lie| isalie yaha Avazyaka thA ki yaha dharma bhAratIya samAja ke usa varga dvArA aMgIkAra kiyA jAe jo adhikAdhika ahiMsaka kAryakSetra vAlA ho aura vaha aisA varga thA vaizya varga, jo vyApAra ke kArya meM saMlagna thaa| jaina dharma ne apane udabhava ke sAtha hI tatkAlIna rAjanaitika paridRzya ko prabhAvita karane kA kArya kiyaa| prAcIna kAla meM cU~ki aneka zAsakoM ne jaina dharma ko svIkAra kara prazraya pradAna kiyA thA, isake kAraNa yaha dharma aura pallavita evaM vistArita huaa| haryaka kula kA zAsaka ajAtazatru apane zAsana kAla ke prArambhika varSoM meM jaina dharma kA hI anuyAyI thaa| ajAtazatru kA uttarAdhikArI udayana bhI jaina dharma kA anuyAyI thaa| jaina grantha Avazyaka sUtra se patA calatA hai ki apanI rAjadhAnI ke madhya meM usane eka caitya gRha kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| vaha niyamita rUpa se vrata karatA tathA jaina AcAryoM ke upadeza sunatA thaa| jaina AcAryoM ke upadeza sunate - sunate hI vaha eka hatyAre dvArA churA bhoMkakara mAra DAlA gyaa| sAmAjika evaM rAjanaitika dRSTikoNa se tatkAlIna paridRzya para jaina dharma kA prabhAva spaSTa rUpa se taba parilakSita hotA hai, jaba magadha ke sAmrAjya para nanda vaMza kA zAsana sthApita hotA hai| magadha para naMda vaza kI sthApanA nizcita rUpa se chaThavIM zatAbdI meM huI vaicArika dhArmika krAMti kI rAjanaitika pariNati thii| jaba eka zUdra vyakti zAsaka banatA hai tathA use sAmAjika abhisvIkRti bhI milii| cUMki yaha zAsaka jaina dharma kA anuyAyI thaa| isI kAraNa vaha tatkAlIna sAmAjika rAjanaitika varjanAoM ko tor3ane meM saphala huaa| isase pUrva sAmAnyata: yaha mAnA jAtA thA ki eka zAsaka ko kSatriya hI honA caahie| jabaki hama jAnate hai ki tatkAlIna sAmAjika saMracanA meM zUdra sabase nimna pAyadAna para sthita the| nandoM ke itihAsa jAnane ke sAdhanoM meM jAtIya pUrvAgraha bhI parilakSita hotA hai| naMdavaMza ke saMsthApaka mahApadmanaMda ke lie purANoM meM spaSTa likhA hai ki vaha zUdra strI ke garbha se utpanna huA thaa| "mahAnandInasta tazzUdrAgarbhodbhavo atilubdhoM atibaloM mahApadnAmA nandaH parazurAmivAparo akhila kSatrAntakArI bhvissyti|" isake atirikta anya bhAratIya evaM grIka sAkSya bhI use yA to nimna kula kA yA zUdra hI batAte haiN| kintu jaina 'dharma ko mAnane vAlA vaha tatkAlIna magadha ke siMhAsana para baiThane vAle rAjAoM meM sarvAdhika zaktizAlI thaa| jise 'kali kA aMza' sabhI kSatriyoM kA nAza karane vAlA (sarvakSatrAntaka), 'dUsare parazurAma kA avatAra' thA jisane apane samaya ke sabhI pramukha rAjavaMzoM ko vijita kiyaa| usane eka chatra zAsana kI sthApanA kI tathA 'ekarATa' zAsaka kI upAdhi dhAraNa kii| jo vivaraNa milatA hai vaha isa prakAra hai : "mahAnaMdI sutazcApizUdrAyAM klikaashNjH| utpasyate mahApadmoM sarvakSatrAntako nRpaH / / ekarAT sa mahApadma ekachatroM bhvissyti| xxxx sa ekachatraM pRthvI anulaMdhitazAsanaH / sthAsyati mahApadmo dvitIya iva bhArgavaH / / 10 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 44

Page #51
isa prakAra prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa meM pahalI bAra eka aise sAmrAjya kI sthApanA huI jisakI sImAeM gaMgA ghATI ke maidAnoM kA atikramaNa kara gyii| khAravela ke hAthIgumphA abhilekha se usakI kaliMga vijaya kI sUcanA prApta hotI hai| yaha saba kyoM evaM kisa prakAra huA? yaha vicAraNIya prazna hai| vastutaH naMda rAjAoM kA zAsana kAla bhAratIya itihAsa ke pRSThoM meM apanA eka alaga mahatva rakhatA hai| yaha bhArata ke sAmAjika-rAjanaitika Andolana kA eka mahatvapUrNa pahalU hai| "sAmAjika dRSTi se isa nimna varga ke utkarSa kA pratIka mAnA jA sakatA hai| isakA rAjanaitika mahatva isa tathya meM nihita hai ki isa vaMza ke rAjAoM ne uttara bhArata meM sarvaprathama ekachatra rAjya kI sthApanA kii| isI kAla meM jo Arthika samRddhi huI usane pATaliputra ko zikSA evaM sAhitya kA kendra banA diyaa| vyAkaraNAcArya pANini mahApadmanaMda ke mitra the / inake atirikta varSa, upavarSa, vararuci, kAtyAyana jaise vidvAna bhI isI kAla meM hI hue the| niSkarSataH yaha svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki prAcIna bhArata ke rAjanaitika kSitija para naMda jaise zUdra rAjavaMza kA Agamana chaThavIM zatAbdI IsA pUrva meM jaina dharma evaM dharma ke udaya, prabhAva evaM vistAra ne prAcIna bhArata kI sAmAjika dhArmika vyavasthA ko bhAvI samaya meM atyadhika prabhAvita kiyaa| yahA~ taka ki pUrva se cale A rahe brAhmaNa dharma ko ina dharmoM se kAphI dhakkA lgaa| ina dharmoM ke udaya ke kAraNa hI brAhmaNa dharma ko apanI sthiti sudRr3ha karane ke lie atyanta sudhArAtmaka prayAsa karane pdd'e|" bhArata ke bhAvI itihAsa meM jaina dharma, bauddha dharma evaM brAhmaNa dharma samAnAntara tIna dhArAoM kI taraha Age bddh'e| sAmAjika saMracanA meM itanA lacIlApana AyA ki videzI AkramaNakAriyoM ko bhAratIya saMskRti ne AtmasAta kiyaa| yadi jaina dharma evaM bauddha dharma jaise sudhAravAdI Andolana agara nahIM hote to aisA honA kadApi sambhava nahIM thaa| brAhmaNa dharma meM isa sabase AtmAvalokana kI pravRtti kA vikAsa huaa| jo hameM bhAvI itihAsa meM dikhAI detI hai| ina donoM hI dharmoM kA AdhAra itanA majabUta thA ki vartamAna meM deza evaM videza meM ina dharmoM kA astitva banA huA hai| sandarbha : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. ke.sI. zrIvAstava- prAcIna bhArata kA itihAsa evaM saMskRti pRSTha - 840 The Age of Imperial Unity M. A. Ghatge, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana zrRMkhalA, pRSTha 412 The Age of Imperial Unity - Page - 413 rAdhAkRSNan bhAratIya darzana, rAjakamala prakAzana, dillI, pRSTha 300 R. C. Muzumdar Ancient India. rAdhAkRSNana uparyukta pRSTha Stivension The Heart of Jainism 18,19 romilA thApara bhArata kA itihAsa, pRSTha 471 vAyu purANa 4 24, 20 pArjiTara Dynasties of the kali Age, pRSTha 20-21 ke.e. nIlakaNTha zAstrI Age of the Nandas the Mauryar, pRSTha 5 prApta : 15.11.06 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 - 45

Page #52
lekhakoM hetu saMdeza arhat vacana meM jaina dharma/darzana ke vaijJAnika pakSa tathA jaina itihAsa evaM purAtatva se sambandhita maulika,zAdhapUNa eva savadANArA dhapUrNa evaM sarvekSaNAtmaka AlekhoM ko prakAzita kiyA jAtA haiN| zodha kI guNAtmakatA evaM maulikatA ke saMrakSaNa hetu do prAdhyApakoM athavA pAramparika viSaya vizeSajJoM se parIkSita karA lene ke uparAnta hI Alekha arhata vacana meM prakAzita kiye jAte haiN| zodha AlekhoM ke atirikta saMkSipta TippaNiyA~, akAdamika saMgoSThI/sammelanoM kI sUcanAe~/AkhyAe~, Alekha evaM pustaka samIkSAe~ bhI prakAzita kI jAtI haiN| arhata vacana meM prakAzita kiye jAne vAle samasta lekha isa apekSA se prakAzita kiye jAte haiM ki ve na to pUrva prakAzita haiM evaM na anyatra prakAzanArtha preSita haiN| yadi pUrva preSita koI lekha anyatra prakAzita ho cukA hai to mAnanIya lekhakoM ko isakI sUcanA hameM tatkAla avazya bhejanI caahiye| lekhakagaNa yadi pustaka yA lekha se sandarbha grahaNa karate haiM to unheM sambaddha lekha/pustaka kA pUrNa sandarbha denA cAhiye / lekha kA zIrSaka, prakAzita karane vAlI patrikA kA nAma prakAzana sthala, varSa, aMka, pRSTha saMkhyA athavA pustaka kA nAma, lekhaka, prakAzaka, saMskaraNa, prakAzana varSa, AvazyakatAnusAra adhyAya, gAthA, pRSTha saMkhyA aadi| samAna sandarbha kI punarAvRtti hone para bAda meM saMkSipta nAma prayoga meM lAyA jA sakatA haiM / udAharaNArtha :jaina, anupama, bIsavIM zatAbdI meM jaina gaNita ke adhyayana kI pragati, arhat vacana (indaura) 14 (2-3) apraila - sitambara 2002, 51-68 vidyAnanda muni (AcArya), tatvajJAna aura muni, arhat vacana (indaura), 19 (1-2), janavarI - jUna 07, 3-6 lekhakagaNa apane Alekha kI do pratiyA~ TaMkita eka pRSThIya sArAMza sahita bhejane kA kaSTa kreN| prathama pRSTha para lekha kA zIrSaka, lekhaka/lekhakoM ke nAma evaM patrAcAra ke pUrNa pate hone caahiye| andara ke paSThoM para lekhaka/lekhakoM ke nAma na deN| kapayA hindI ke Alekha ema esa varDa meM kRtideva phonTa meM TAipa karake sI.DI. meM bhejeMge to prakAzana meM suvidhA rhegii| lekha ke sAtha lekha ke maulika evaM aprakAzita hone kA pramANa patra avazya saMlagna kareM evaM arhat vacana meM prakAzana ke nirNaya hone taka anyatra prakAzanArtha na bhejeN| -DaoN. anupama jaina sampAdaka-arhat vacana mAnad saciva-kundakunda jJAnapITha 584, mahAtmA gAMdhI mArga, tukogaMja, indaura - 452001 phona : 0731-2545421, 2797790 mobAila : 094250-53822 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #53
hata vacana kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura varSa - 19, aMka - 3, julAI-sita., 07, 47 - 58 dakSiNa bhArata ke rAjavaMza evaM unakA jaina saMskRti ko yogadAna / rajanI jaina* sArAza prastuta Alekha meM viduSI lekhikA ne dakSiNa bhArata ke vibhinna jaina dharmAnuyAyI rAjavaMzoM, rAjAoM unake rAjyakAla meM sAhitya sRjana karane vAle jainAcAryoM tathA unake kRtitva kI vistAra pUrvaka carcA kI hai| - sampAdaka divyatA, bhavyatA evaM utkRSTa kalA kA yadi eka hI mUrti meM samanvaya kiyA jAve to vaha ni:saMkoca anupameya kRti hai, karnATaka rAjya ke hAsana jile ke prasiddha jaina tIrtha zravaNabelabagolA meM vindhyagiri parvata para bhUre zveta varNa ke grenAiTa pASANa kI 57 phITa U~cI gommaTezvara bAhubalI kI eka hI zilA se nirmita vizva prasiddha mUrti hai / jo bhAratIya mUrtikalA kI zreSTha pratIka hai| bhagavAna bAhubalI apanI svataMtra svAbhimAnI vRtti, bala parAkrama, zarIra sauSThava tathA ghora tapasyA ke kAraNa jaina dharmAvalambiyoM meM vizeSa zraddhA prApta haiM aura isa advitIya, vizAla eka pASANIya mUrti ne to unheM deza - videza meM pUjita-vaMdanIya kara diyA hai| gaMgavaMza ke yazasvI puruSa cAmuNDarAya jo mArasiMha dvitIya evaM rAcamalla caturtha ke maMtrI the unhoMne apanI mAtA kAlakadevI kI icchA para gommaTezvara bhagavAna bAhubali kI mUrti kA nirmANa 10 vIM zatAbdI meM karAyA / ' ariSTanemi (zilpI) kA parizrama evaM cAmuNDarAya kI mAtR bhakti evaM zraddhA hI mUrti meM ekAkAra hokara divyatA ko Aja prakaTa kara rahI hai / itihAsa para dRSTipAta karane se mUrti kA pratiSThA varSa 978 I. aura 990 I. ke madhya honA cAhie kyoMki cAmuNDarAya kA nidhana 990 I. ke lagabhaga huA thaa| mUrti kI pratiSThA cAmuNDarAya ke guru nemicandra siddhAMta cakravartI dvArA sampanna huI thii| vaha sneha se cAmuNDarAya ko gommaTa kahA karate the| cAmuNDarAya ne unase nivedana kiyA ki jaina siddhAnta ko samajhane ke liye vaha siddhAnta viSayoM kA sAra saMkSepa meM likha deM jisase vaha viSaya samajha meM A jAye / isI nivedana para nemicandra AcArya ne SaTkhaNDAgama ke 6 khaNDoM kA sAra paMcasaMgraha nAmaka prAkRta bhASA meM graMtha likhakara usa prasiddha graMtha kA nAma cAmuNDarAya ke gommaTa nAma ke kAraNa 'gommaTasAra' pracalita kara diyaa| cAmuNDarAya kuzala senApati tathA maMtrI the, unhoMne yuddha meM zatruoM ko parAsta kara aneka upAdhiyA~ arjita kI roDaga ke yuddha meM bajjaladeva ko parAjita kara 'samara dhurandhara", gonUra ke yuddha meM nolamboM ko parAjita karane para "vIra mArtaNDa" ucchaMgi ke durga meM rAjAditya ko trasta karane para "raNaraMgasiMha", bAgeyura ke durga meM tribhuvana vIra ko samApta karane evaM govindara ko usa durga meM praviSTa karAne ke liye "vairIkulakAladaNDa" tathA anya muddoM meM vijaya prApta karane ke liye ''bhujavikrama", "bhaTTamAri", "pratipakSa rAkSasa", "nolambakulAntaka" samarakezarI, subhaTacUDAmaNi, samara parazurAma Adi upAdhiyA~ prApta huI thii| unhoMne apane kauzala evaM parAkrama se nolamboM, cAlukyoM evaM bajjaloM ko aneka bAra parAsta kara hamezA jaina dharmAvalambI gaMga narezoM kI rakSA kI tathA unake svAmI rASTrakUTa samrAToM kA bhI saMrakSaNa kiyaa| * zodha chAtrA - kundakunda jJAnapITha, 584 mahAtmA gA~dhI mArga, indaura 452001

Page #54
yaha kulaguru ajitasenAcArya tathA vidyAguru nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI ke parama bhakta the / apane sadAcArI dhArmika jIvana ke kAraNa unheM 'samyakatvaratnAkara, zobhAcaraNa, satyayudhiSThara, devarAja, guNakAva, guNaratnabhUSaNa jaisI upAdhiyA~ bhI milI thI / jJAnopArjana meM bhI cAmuNDarAya ko vizeSa ruci thii| kannar3a, saMskRta, prAkRta bhASAoM ke vidvAna the| unake dvArA racita pustakoM ke nAma haiM - 1. vIra mArtaNDI 2. caritrasAra 3. trizaSThI lakSaNapurANa / yaha to huI gommaTezvara bhagavAna bAhubalI ke nirmAtA cAmuNDarAya kI pRSThabhUmi isake atirikta aura bhI dakSiNa bhArata meM aneka aise rAjavaMza hue haiM jinhoMne jaina saMskRti evaM jaina dharma ke liye apanA sarvasva nyauchAvara kiyA hai una vaMzoM meM pramukha vaMza haiM - rASTrakUTa vaMza, gaMgavaMza, cAlukyavaMza, hoyasalavaMza, voDeyAra rAjavaMza, caMgalavavaMza, nuggehalli ke tirUmala nAyaka, kadambavaMza, pallavavaMza, colavaMza, niDagulavaMza Adi / ina vaMzoM ke narezoM unake amAtyoM, senApatiyoM, zreSThiyoM ke sambandha meM aneka ullekha milate haiM jinase unake jainadharma prema, parAkrama, sAhasa, zaurya, samarakuzalatA, vidvattA, dAnazIlatA Adi kA paricaya milatA hai| zravaNabelagolA nagara tathA samIpastha grAmoM meM utkIrNa lagabhaga 573 zilAlekhoM meM se lagabhaga 100 lekhoM meM mandira ke nirmANa, mUrti pratiSThA, dAnazAlA, sarovara udyAna Adi ke nirmANa se tathA tatvartI kAla athavA pUrvakAla ke dakSiNa kSetra ke jaina dharmAvalambiyoM tathA jaina dharma se prabhAvita narezoM, amAtyoM, senApatiyoM zreSThiyoM Adi ke viSaya meM tathA vindhyagiri para amAtya cAmuNDarAya dvArA nirmita eka hI vizAlakhaNDa se 57 phITa U~cI mUrti ke utkIrNa karAne tathA vindhyagiri va candragiri para aneka jaina vasadiyoM (mandira) stambhoM Adi ke nirmANa ke viSaya meM aitihAsika sAmagrI prApta huI hai|' isase yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki kisa rAjA yA senApati ke kAla meM kauna se jainAcArya the aura kaunasA nareza amAtya athavA zreSThI kina jaina AcArya athavA sAdhu kA ziSya thaa| ina zilAlekhoM se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki jaina saMskRti pUrva meM bhI bhAratavyApI tathA jainadharma aneka narezoM dvArA sammAnita thA / 1. cAlukya vaMza - dUsarI zatI I. ke uttarArddha meM pallava, kadamba aura gaMga tIna navIna rAjavaMzoM kI sthApanA ho cukI thI / tIsarI se chaThI zatAbdI I. paryanta dakSiNa bhArata kA itihAsa inhIM 3 rAjyoM ke saMgharSa kA itihAsa rahA thaa| tIsarI se cauthI zatAbdI meM kAMcI ke pallava rAje sarvAdhika zaktizAlI rahe aura samrATa kahalAye, 4thI, 5vIM zatAbdI meM vanavAsI ke kadamboM kA vaisA hI caramotkarSa huA aura 5vIM, 6ThI zatAbdI meM talakADa ke gaMganareza dakSiNa bhArata ke sarvAdhika zaktizAlI evaM pratApI samrATa the, kintu 5vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM mahArASTra pradeza meM eka navIna rAjazakti kA udaya huA jisane chaThI zatAbdI bala pakar3A aura 7vIM zatAbdI meM dakSiNa ke hI nahIM sampUrNa bhAratavarSa ke sarvAdhika zaktizAlI evaM samRddha sAmrAjya meM parivartita ho gii| yaha rAjazakti cAlukyoM kI thI aura vAtApi (badAmI) ke pazcimI cAlukya vaMza ke rUpa meM isakA janma huA thaa| 2. rASTrakUTa vaMza - rASTrakUTa vaMza kA jainadharma ke saMrakSaNa meM vizeSa yogadAna rhaa| 8vIM zatI I. meM vAtApI ke cAlukyoM ke pazcAt dakSiNa bhAratIya sAmrAjya kA uttarAdhikAra rASTrakUTa vaMza ko prApta huaa| ye rASTrakUTa dakSiNapaMtha ke prAcIna raTThikoM (rASTrikoM) ke vaMzaja the tathA apane Apako candravaMzIya kSatriya kahate the| inakI eka zAkhA laTTalUra (pUrva nijAma riyAsata ke bIdara jile meM eka sthAna) meM sthApita thI / katipaya lekhoM meM isI kAraNa unheM laTTalUrapurAvarAdhizvara kahA gayA hai| 625I. ke lagabhaga laTTalUra ke rASTrakUTa barAbara pradeza ke elicapura (elaurA) meM A base the| yahIM se isa zAkhA kA arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 48

Page #55
udaya huaa| isa zAkhA ke prathama rAjA dantivarmana the| usake uttarAdhikArI kramaza: hae - 1. daMtivarmA - (650-670 I.) // . indrarAja prathama - (670-690 I.) III. govindarAja prathama ___ - (690-710 I.) IV. karkarAja prathama - (710-730 I.) v. indrarAja dvitIya - (730-745 I.) VI. dantidurga dvitIya - (745-756 I.) VII. kRSNarAja prathama - (756-775 I.) VIII. govindarAja dvitIya - (730-745 I.) IX. dhruvarAja dvitIya - (780 I.) x. govindarAja tRtIya - XI. amoghavarSa prathama - (821 I.) XII. kRSNarAja dvitIya - (900 I.) XIII. indrarAja tRtIya 915 I.) amoghavarSa dvitIya govinda caturtha amoghavarSa tRtIya kRSNarAja tRtIya (940 I.) amoghavarSa caturtha (968 I.) karka dvitIya (972 I.) indrarAja caturtha (982 I.) inakA rAjya eka samaya uttara bhArata meM kannauja taka aura dakSiNa bhArata meM maisUra taka phailA huA thaa| rASTrakUTa vaMza ke zilAlekhoM meM use eka uttama aura saMsAra meM prasiddha rASTrakula kahA hai| isakA ullekha raTTa, rASTravarma, rASTrora (rAThora) nAmoM se bhI zilAlekhAdi meM milatA haiN| indrarAja dvitIya ke putra dantidurga ne 742 I. ke lagabhaga elaurA para adhikAra kiyA aura use rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| elaurA usa samaya jaina, zaiva, vaiSNava, bauddha cAroM hI dharmoM va saMskRti kA kendra thaa| 757I. meM usane vAtApI cAlukya nareza kIrtivarmana ko parAjita kara aneka upAdhiyA~ dhAraNa kI aura apane Apako samrATa ghoSita kara diyaa| yuddhoM meM aneka narezoM ko parAsta kiyA tathA lagabhaga sampUrNa dakSiNApatha kA samrATa bana gyaa| usI samaya prasiddha jaina AcArya vIrasena hue, jinhoMne vATagrAmapura meM nirmita guhA mandira meM tathA elaurA meM nirmita cAmaralenI guphA meM sAdhanA evaM sAhitya racanA kii| 752I. meM dantidurga kI ni:saMtAna mRtyu hone para usake cAcA kRSNarAja prathama akAlavarSa zubhatuMga siMhAsana para baitthaa| usakA rAjyakAla 757 se 773 I. taka rhaa| usI ne 758 I. meM elaurA kA vizvaprasiddha guhA mandira kailAza mandira' parvata meM se kATa kara banavAnA zurU kiyA jo lagabhaga 150 varSoM meM pUrNa huaa| guhA mandira, indrasabhA, jagannAtha sabhA Adi ke nirmANa kA zreya rASTrakUTavaMzI tathA ailavaMzI narezoM ko prApta hai / dhruvarAja kI rAjadhAnI meM svayaMbhU mahAkavi (apabhraMza) ne rAmAyaNa, harivaMza Adi aneka graMthoM kI racanA kii| usI kAla meM jainAcArya vIrasena, vidyAnaMdi AcArya, paravAdimalla evaM guru kumArasena prasiddha jainAcArya hue| isakI rAjadhAnI ke samIpa bATanagara meM paMcastUpAnvayI svAmI vIrasena kA prasiddha jaina kendra thA, jisameM ziSya samudAya zikSA pAtA thA usI kAla (780 I.) meM vIrasena AcArya ne mahAna graMtha zrI dhavala ko pUrNa kiyA aura usake pazcAt jayadhavalA kA eka tihAI bhAga likhA thA mahAdhavala kI rUparekhA taiyAra kii| usI samaya (783 I.) meM AcArya jinasena ne harivaMza purANa kI racanA kii| dhruvarAja kA putra govinda tRtIya bhI eka zauryazAlI, jainadharma ke prati sahiSNu udAra nareza thaa| isane vidyAnandi, anantakIrti, anantavIrya, tribhuvana, svayaMbhU Adi prasiddha jainAcAryo-vidvAnoM kA sammAna kiyA, jisase usake zAsanakAla meM jainadharma vikasita huaa| karkarAja kI vIratA, buddhimattA, tatparatA, svAmIbhakti bhI prasiddha hai| jaina dharmAnuyAyI amoghavarSa (821I.) usa samaya saMsAra ke cAra mahAna samrAToM meM eka pratApI samrATa mAnA jAtA thaa| tIna anya pratApI samrATa the - cIna kA samrATa, bagadAda kA khalIphA, rUsa kA samrATa / AcArya jinasena isake arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 49

Page #56
rAjaguru evaM dharmaguru the| jinasena ne apane guru vIrasena dvArA adhUre chor3e jayadhavala ko pUrNa kiyA tathA saMskRta meM pArvAbhyudaya, mahApurANa kI racanA kii| unakA nidhana 850 I. ke lagabhaga huA thA taba inake ziSya AcArya guNabhadra ne mahApurANa ko pUrNa kiyA tathA uttarapurANa va anya graMthoM kI racanA kii| amoghavarSa svayaM bhI vidvAna thA usane saMskRta meM 'praznottara ratnAvalI' nIti graMtha tathA kannar3a meM 'kavi rAjamArga' nAmaka chaMda-alaMkAra graMtha race / usakA senApati baMkeyarasa bhI jaina thaa| usake rAjyakAla meM jainadharma ko rASTradharma kA rUpa prApta ho gayA thaa| kRSNarAja, indrarAja Adi bhI jainadharma ke anuyAyI the| isa taraha rASTrakUTa vaMza kA zAsana lagabhaga 250 varSa rhaa| isake adhikAMza nareza unake parivAra, adhinastha rAjA, sAmaMta saradAra, amAtya maMtrI, senApati usa samaya jaina dharma ke anuyAyI the| lagabhaga do tihAI janatA bhI jaina dharmAvalambI thii| aisA vahA~ ke lekhoM se patA calatA hai| jinhoMne mandira, maThoM Adi kA nirmANa kraayaa| rASTrakUTa vaMza ke rAjAoM kA vaivAhika sambandha kalacUrI, gaMga Adi jina rAjavaMzoM se thA, ve bhI jainadharma ke ananya bhakta aura saMrakSaka the| yahI kAraNa hai ki rASTrakUTa rAjAoM ko bhI jainadharma se prema thA aura unameM se kaI rAjAoM ne dIkSA lii| kaI jainAcArya unake guru the, aura kaI vidvAnoM kA unhoMne sammAna kiyaa| coloM se unake jo yuddha hue, vaha dharmayuddha kahe jA sakate haiM kyoMki cola zaiva the aura rASTrakUTa jainadharma ke saMrakSaka the| rASTrakUTa ke narezoM ne aneka prasiddha jainAcAryoM kA sammAna kiyaa| una AcAryoM dvArA dharma prasAra huaa| rASTrakUTa narezoM kI chatrachAyA meM lagabhaga 100 graMthakAroM ne, jo prAya: digambara the, lagabhaga 200 graMthoM kI racanI kii| ina graMthoM meM lagabhaga 110 saMskRta, 35 prAkRta, 20 kannar3a, 15 apabhraMza aura tamila bhASA ke haiN| dhavala jayadhavala jaisI Agamika TIkAoM ke atirikta siddhAnta tatva, adhyAtma, darzana, nyAya, kathA, bhakti stotra, maMtra Adi viSayoM para sAhitya sRjana huaa| sAtha hI vyAkaraNa, koza, chanda, alaMkAra, gaNita, jyotiSa, Ayurveda, prANI vijJAna, rAjanIti jaise laukika viSayoM para bhI anupama sAhitya racanA huii| pA~cavI zatI I. ke madhya lagabhaga mahArASTra pradeza meM isa rAjazakti kA udaya huA, chaThI zatI meM usane bala pakar3A aura sAtavIM meM dakSiNApatha ke hI nahIM, apitu sampUrNa bhAratavarSa meM usa kAla ke sarvAdhika zaktizAlI evaM samRddha sAmrAjya meM vaha pariNata ho gyii| vaMza kA mUla puruSa ayodhyA kA somavaMzI kSatriya batAyA jAtA hai, jo apane bhAgya kI parIkSA ke liye dakSiNa AyA isa vaMza meM sarvaprathama nAma vijayAditya milatA hai jo usI vyakti athavA usake putra kA nAma thaa| usane pallavarAja ke eka choTe se bhAga para adhikAra karake apanI zakti bar3hAnI zurU kI, kintu pallavoM ke sAtha yuddha meM mArA gyaa| usakI mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA putra jayasiMha jo janma ke sAtha nAtha aura rAjyavihIna thA, kintu vayaska hote hI usane aisA sAhasa, zaurya aura parAkrama dikhAyA ki gaMga durvinIta ne use apanI chatrachAyA meM le liyA, usake sAtha apanI putrI kA vivAha kara diyA aura pallavoM ke viruddha yuddhoM meM usakI sahAyatA kii| antata: vAtApI ko rAjadhAnI banAkara cAlukya rAjya kI sudRr3ha nIMva jamAne meM jayasiMha saphala huA aura viSNuvarddhana rAjasiMha raNaparAkramAMka jaise viruda use prApta hue| vAtApI (bAdAmi) altema, aihola usake rAjya ke prasiddha nagara the, aura yahA~ jaino kI acchI bastI thii| jayasiMha kI mRtyu candradaNDa pallava ke sAtha yuddha meM huii| taba durvinIta gaMga ne usake putra raNarAga ereyya satyAzraya ko sihAMsana para pratiSThita kiyA aura bhISaNa yuddha meM candradaNDa pallava ko mAra ddaalaa| raNarAga kA putra huA satyAzraya pulakezI prathama vAstava meM yahI isa vaMza kA prathama nareza evaM sahI rAjya saMsthApaka mAnA jAtA hai isakA kAla 532 I. se 565 taka rhaa| isake pazcAt uttarAdhikArI hue-kIrtimAna (565-597 I.) isake kAla meM jainAcArya vikIrti 50 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #57
ne 585 I. meM meghuTI meM jaina mandira banavAyA evaM vizAla jaina vidyApITha kI sthApanA kii| yaha jinabhakta thaa| 597 I. meM usakI mRtyu ke bAda bhAI maMgalIza ne 597 I. se 608 I. taka rAjya kiyaa| vaha viSNa bhakta thaa| usake pazcAt kIrtivarmana ke putra pulakezina dvitIya ne maMgalIza ko samApta kara siMhAsana para adhikAra kiyaa| vaha jainadharma kA mahAna saMrakSaka samrATa rhaa| isake guru AcArya vikIrti (ravibhadra) the| isake zaurya evaM sainika zakti ke kAraNa samrATa harSavarddhana dakSiNa meM nahIM bar3ha pAyA thaa| Andhra pradeza meM piSTapura ko vijita kara usane 615 I. meM apane choTe bhAI kRSNa viSNuvarddhana ko usakA zAsaka niyukta kiyA jisake kAraNa veMgi kI 5vIM cAlukya zAkhA Arambha huii| pulakezI ne pallava nareza mahendra varmana ko parAsta kara kAcIvarama kA adhikAra kara liyA thA kAverI ko pAra kara coloM, keraloM evaM pANDya narezoM ko apanA mitra banA liyA thaa| isI ke kAla meM jainAcArya akalaMkadeva hue, jinhoMne bauddha vidvAnoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kiyA jisake kAraNa unheM 'bhaTTa' upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA gyaa| akalaMkadeva tatvArtha rAjavArtika, aSTazatI, nyAyavinizcaya, siddhivinizcaya, laghIstraya, pramANasaMgraha Adi aneka prasiddha nyAya ke graMthoM ke racayitA the| pulakezI kA putra unheM 'pUjyapAda' kahatA thaa| pulakezI ke rAjya meM bauddhadharma kI apekSA jainadharma adhika acchI sthiti meM thaa| (641-642 I.) meM pallava nareza narasiMha varmana dvArA AkramaNa kara dene se usameM usakI mRtyu ho gii| uttarAdhikArI vikramAditya ke rAjya meM rAjya kI sthiti ThIka nahIM thii| pallavoM dvArA yuddha tathA lUTamAra ke kAraNa arAjakatA phaila gaI thii| lekina apane sAhasa evaM kauzala se pANDya nareza mAkharmana tathA gaMga kI sahAyatA se narasiMhavarmana ko parAsta kara apanA rAjya vApisa liyaa| AcArya akalaMkadeva isake guru the| (680 I.) meM isakI mRtyu ke pazcAta putra vinayAditya (680-696 I.) siMhAsanarUr3ha huaa| usake bAda usakA putra vijayAditya (697-733 I.) zAsaka huaa| ina narezoM ne aneka jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa kraayaa| puSpasena, vimalacandra, kumAranandi, anantavIra Adi AcArya usI kAla meM hue| usakI mRtyu para usakA putra vikramAditya dvitIya (733-744 I.) meM siMhAsana para baitthaa| jainadharma bhakta isa nareza meM zaMkha jinAlaya va dhavala jinAlaya Adi mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA tathA jina pUjana ke liye bhUmi dAna dii| usakA putra kIrtivarmana dvitIya (744-757 I.) isa vaMza kA antima nareza huaa| yaha bhI jaina bhakta thaa| rASTrakUTa nareza dantidurga ne 753 I. meM kIrtivarmana ko parAjita kara vAtApI ke pazcimI cAlukya rAjya kA aMta kara diyaa| kIrtivarmana ni:saMtAna thA, kIrtivarmana tRtIya, taila prathama, vikramAditya tRtIya, ayyana prathama, vikramAditya caturtha rASTrakUToM ke adhIna gauNa sAmantoM yA uparAjAoM kI bhAMti calate rahe / antima ke putra taila dvitIya ne 10vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM rASTrakUToM kA aMta karake cAlukya zakti kA punaruddhAra kiyA aura kalyANI ke uttaravartI cAlukyavaMza kI sthApanA kii| vAtApi ke cAlukya jainadharma ke AsthAvAna hote hue bhI zaiva-vaiSNavAdi dharmoM ke prati udAra-sahiSNu the| bauddhadharma isa kAla meM patanonmukha thaa|12 veMgi ke pUrvI cAlukya - tailapa dvitIya kI vaMza paramparA meM utpanna nareza jayasiMha prathama (1015-1040 I.) jinadharma sevI rhaa| isI kAla meM AcArya vAdirAja, dayApAla, puSpasena siddhAntadeva hue| jayasiMha ne AcArya vAdirAja ko 'jagadekamalla' upAdhi pradAna kI thii| valipura nAmaka sthAna meM jayasiMha ne bhagavAna zAMtinAtha kI pratiSThA karAyI thii| isake bAda AvAhamalla somezvara prathama (1043-1068 I.) ne tribhuvana tilaka Adi jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa kraayaa| usakA bhAI vikramAditya SaSTama bhI jina bhakta thaa| jisane gaMga pemeniDi caityAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| usane zravaNabelabagolA ke samIpa aneka jinAlayoM kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| jinheM bAda meM rAjAdhirAja cola ne naSTa karavA diyA thaa| cAlukya narezoM kA rAjyakAla 500 varSa se adhika rahA jisameM katipaya nareza jinadharma sevI rahe arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 51

Page #58
aura unake samaya meM jainadharma phlaa-phuulaa| yadyapi adhikatara cAlukya nareza ziva evaM viSNu bhakta thA, kintu dharma sahiSNu hone ke kAraNa unhoMne udAratApUrvaka jaina maMndiroM kA nirmANa va unakI vyavasthA ke liye yogadAna diyA tathA sampradAya nirapekSatA ke AdhAra para jainadharma ko saMrakSaNa diyA / 1040 I. ke lagabhaga jayakIrti chaMdonuzAsana (saMskRta) ke racanAkAra the| 11vIM zatAbdI meM hI zrIdhara eka prasiddha gaNitajJa hue haiM unhoMne 1049 I. meM 'jAtaka tilaka' jyotiSa viSayaka graMtha likhA, jo nakSatra vidyA para mahatvapUrNa zodha prabandha hai / ye zrIdhara jyotirjJAna vidhi evaM triMzatikA ke racayitA zrIdhara se bhinna hai| unakI candraprabhucaritra kRti anupalabdha hai| unake AzrayadAtA nareza ahavamalla athavA somezvara prathama the (1043-680 I.) nareza kIrtivarmA ne 'gau vaidya' nAmaka pazu roga cikitsA sambandhI graMtha likhA / isase jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya rAjakumAroM ko sabhI prakAra kI zikSA dI jAtI thii| usane jainadharma ke punarutthAna ke liye bahuta kArya kiyA / 13 pUrvI cAlukya - san 615 I. meM cAlukya samrATa, pulakezI dvitIya ne Andhrapradeza kI vijaya karake apane anuja kubjaviSNuvardhana ko usakA zAsaka niyukta kiyA thA / veMgi isa deza kI rAjadhAnI thii| kubjaviSNuvardhana se prArambha hone vAle isa vaMza meM lagabhaga 27 rAjA hue aura unhoMne lagabhaga 500 varSa taka rAjya kiyA / kubjaviSNuvardhana kuzala catura zAsaka thA, usane apane vaMza kI nIva sudRr3ha kI thI / cAlukyoM kI isa pUrvI zAkhA meM bhI mUlavaMza kI bhAMti jainadharma kI pravRtti thii| isake bAda jayasiMha prathama, viSNuvardhana dvitIya, jayasiMha dvitIya, viSNuvardhana tRtIya kramazaH rAjA hue| antima nareza ne jainAcArya kalibhadra kA sammAna kiyA thaa| usake putra vijayAditya prathama kI mahArAnI ayyana mahAdevI ne 762 I. meM dAnapatra kI punarAvRtti kI thii| isake bAda viSNuvardhana caturtha (764-799 I.) veMgi rAjya kA svAmI huaa| yaha jainadharma kA bhakta thaa| isake kAla meM vijagApaTTama (vizAkhApaTnama) jile kI rAmatIrtha pahAr3iyoM para eka jaina sAMskRtika kendra thA / yaha parvata aneka jaina guhA mandiroM, jinAlayoM evaM anya dhArmika kRtiyoM se suzobhita thA / aneka vidvAna jaina muni yahA~ nivAsa karate the| vividha vidhAoM evaM viSayoM kI ucca zikSA ke liye yaha saMsthAna mahAna vidyApITha thA / isa kAla meM jainAcArya zrI naMdi isa vidyApITha ke pradhAnAcArya the jo Ayurveda Adi vibhinna viSayoM meM niSNAta the| svayaM viSNuvardhana unakI pUjA karate the| ina AcArya ke ziSya ugrAdityAcArya the jo Ayurveda evaM cikitsA zAstra ke vidvAna the| san 799 I. ke kucha hI pUrva unhoMne apane prasiddha vaidyaka graMtha kalyANakAraka kI racanA kI thii| taduparAMta vijayAditya dvitIya (799-847 I.) kaliviSNuvardhana paMcama, vijayAditya ( 848892 I.) hue cAlukya bhIma prathama (892-922 I.) hue| amma prathama (922-929 I.) bhIma dvitIya, amma dvitIya kramazaH rAjA hue amma dvitIya pratApI aura dharmAtmA nareza thA san 945-970 I. taka isane rAjya kiyaa| yaha apane pUrvajoM kI bhAMti jainadharma kA poSaka aura saMrakSaka thaa| isake zAsana kAla meM (10vIM zatI) jaina dharma Andhra pradeza meM atyadhika lokapriya va unnata thaa| eka lekhAnusAra isane paTTavardhaka gharAne kI rAjamahilA mAcakAmbe ke nivedana para arhanandI ko 'sarvalokAzraya jinabhavana' ke liye dAna diyA thA / amma kA pradhAna senApati durgarAja thA jisakI cAlukya lakSmI kI surakSA ke liye talavAra hamezA myAna se bAhara rahatI thii| vaha pUrvI cAlukya rAjya kA zakti stambha kahA jAtA thaa| yaha vaMza jainadharma kA anuyAyI thA / 14 kalyANI ke uttaravartI cAlukya - 10vIM zatI ke antima varSa bhAratIya itihAsa meM ghaTanA pUrNa thii| aneka rAjyoM meM ulaTaphera huI, kaI narezoM kI mRtyu huI, nayoM ke rAjyAbhiSeka hue kaI sthAnoM meM rAjya evaM vaMza parivartana hue| vastuta: jaina paramparA ke anusAra yaha yuga dUsare upakalki ke aMta kA sUcaka thaa| dakSiNa bhArata meM isa kAla meM mahAna rAjakrAMti huii| 967 I. meM rASTrakUTa samrATa kRSNa tRtIya narmada ke dakSiNavartI 52 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #59
bhUbhAga kA eka chatra svAmI thA, kintu disambara 973 meM usakA sampUrNa rAjya usake bhatIje karka dvitIya ke hAthoM china gayA aura 250 varSa se calA AyA vizAla zaktizAlI rASTrakUTa sAmrAjya eka smRti bana kara raha gyaa| usake sthAna meM vAtApi ke prAcIna pazcima cAlukya vaMza kA punarutthAna huA aura isakA zreya cAlukya vIra tailapa ko hai| vaha eka parAkramI yogya nareza thA vidvAna guNI puruSoM kA vaha Adara karatA thaa| vaha sarva dharma sahiSNu udAradAnI nareza thA jaina dharma ke sAtha usakI zraddhA vaisI hI thI jaisI pUrvavartI kadamboM, gaMgoM, pazcimI cAlukyoM evaM rASTrakUToM kI / kogali nAmaka sthAna meM sthita cennapArzvavasadi kA san 992 I. kA zilAlekha sUcita karatA hai ki yaha jainadharma anuyAyI rAjA thaa| kannar3a kA jaina mahAkavi ratnAkara usakA rAjakavi thaa| mahAmaMtrI dhalla, senApati mallapa Adi bhI jina bhakta the| nAgadeva kI patnI sAhitya sevA, dharmaprabhAvanArata ahimabbe ne mahAkavi ponna ke zAMtipurANa kI 1000 pratiyA~ vitarita kI thI tathA svarNa maNi- mANikyAdi kI 1500 jina mUrtiyA~ banavAkara vibhinna mandiroM meM sthApita kI thii| aneka mandiroM kA jIrNodvAra karAyA aura prakAra kA dAna anavarata diyaa| dharma kAryoM meM samrATa kI anumati prasannatA eka sahAyatA thii| * isakA uttarAdhikArI putra satyAzraya iriva bedeMga (997-1009 I.) thaa| boloM kI taraha yaha bhI jaina dharma kA bhakta thA / satyAzraya ne eka jaina guru kI smRti meM agadi nAmaka sthAna meM bhavya niSadyA nirmANa karAyI thii| Age vikramAditya paMcama, ayyana dvitIya, jayasiMha dvitIya ( 1014-1042 I.) rAjA hue| jayasiMha dvitIya jaina dharma kA vizeSa bhakta thA, aneka jaina vidvAnoM evaM guruoM kA usane sammAna kiyA tathA sAhitya nirmANa ko protsAhana diyaa| AcArya vAdirAja ne usakI rAjasabhA meM paravAdiyoM ke sAtha aneka zAstrArtha kiye unakI vijaya ke upalakSya meM rAjA ne unheM svarNamudrA yukta jayapatra tathA 'jagadekamallavAdI' upAdhi pradAna kI thii| yazodharacarita, ekIbhAva stotra tathA akalaMkadeva kRta nyAyavinizcaya kI TIkA Adi graMtha bhI inhoMne race / aneka graMthoM ke racayitA AcArya prabhAcandra bhI isI samaya hue / cAlukya jayasiMha kA viruda mallikAmoda thA aura usane balipura meM mallikAmoda zAnti vasadi nAmaka jinAlaya banavAyA thaa| 1 taduparAMta usakA putra somezvara prathama Ahavamalla (1042-68 I.) rAjA huaa| usane colo ko yuddha meM parAjita kiyA, usake hAthoM cola nareza mArA gyaa| kogali zilAlekha meM isa syAdvAda mata kA anuyAyI likhA hai| somezvara prathama ne jainAcArya ajitasena kA sammAna kiyA aura unheM zabdacaturmukha upAdhi pradAna kii| isakA senApati (daNDanAtha) zAMtinAtha bhI jaina thaa| inhoMne kaI jaina mandira banavAye aura unake liye dAna diye| 1068 I. meM eka bhayAnaka roga se pIr3ita hone ke kAraNa isa rAjA ne tuMgabhadrA meM jala samAdhi lii| yaha rAjA isa vaMza ke mahAna narezoM meM se thA / usakA putra somezvara dvitIya bhuvanaikamalla ( 1068-76 I.) bhI colo ke sAtha yuddha karatA rhaa| isane kadamboM kA damana kiyA aura colo para vijaya prApta kii| apane pUrvajo kI bhAMti yaha bhI jaina pratIta hotA hai| usane AcArya kulacanda deva ko zAMtinAtha vasadi ke liye bhUmi pradAna kI thI aura mandira meM eka mUrti pratiSThita karAyI thii| 1076 I. meM usakA choTA bhAI vikrama use bandI karake svayaM rAjA bnaa| isane jainAcArya vAsavacandra kA sammAna karake unheM 'bAlasarasvatI' upAdhi pradAna kI thI tathA cAlukya gaMga paramAnaMdi jinAlaya nAma kA mandira banavAyA thaa| vibhinna vasadiyoM maThoM meM vibhinna bhAratIya dharmoM evaM darzanoM kI zikSA sAthasAtha dI jAtI thii| isa rAjA ke samaya meM bhAratIya saMskRti kA bahumukhI saMvardhana huaa| yaha nareza sarvadharma sahiSNu thA aura saba dharmoM kA pratipAlana karatA thA yadyapi usakA nijI evaM kuladharma jaina dharma thaa| hoyasala vaMza pUrva madhyakAla meM dakSiNa bhArata kA yaha sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa zaktizAlI rAjavaMza thA ye arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 53 -

Page #60
| loga apane Apako somakula ke yaduvaMzI kSatriya batAte the hoyasalo ke pUrvaja antima rASTrakUToM evaM uttaravartI cAlukyoM ke sAdhAraNa zreNI ke sAmanta mAtra the / pratApI hoyasala nareza jaina dharma ke pAlana evaM saMrakSaNa meM prasiddha rahe haiN| vinayAditya dvitIya (1060-1101 I.) isa vaMza kA aitihAsika prasiddha nareza thA, yaha jaina dharmAvalambI zAsaka thaa| hoyasala vaMza pratApI nareza yazasvI viSNuvardhana (11111141 I.) rAjyakAla ke Arambhika varSoM meM jaina dharmAvalambI thA / usase pUrva sabhI hoyasala nareza jaina dharmAnuyAyI the| 15 11vIM zatI I. ke prAraMbha meM isa vaMza kA mukhiyA sala nAmaka eka vIra navayuvaka thA 925 I. ke lagabhaga aMgaradi meM kundakundAnvaya draviDa saMgha pustakagaccha ke maunI bhaTTAraka ke ziSya vimalacanda paMDita deva ne sanyAsamaraNa kiyA thA isa upalakSya meM gaMga nareza iribabeDeMga ne vahA~ Akara guru kA smAraka sthApita kiyA thaa| saMbhavata: inhIM vimalacanda kI nikaTa ziSya paramparA meM munIndra sudatta vardhamAna aMgadi jaina kendra ke adhyakSa hue| nagara ke bAhara 9vIM 10vIM zatAbdI kI kaI sundara jina basadiyA~ thii| isI sthAna para jainAcArya sugata vardhamAna kA vidyApITha thA jisameM aneka gRhastha tyAgI, muni zikSA prApta karate the| 16 poyasala (hoyasala) (1007-1022 I.) ne guru sugata ke upadeza aura patha-pradarzana meM apanI rAjyazakti kI nIMva DAlanI prAraMbha kii| isa kAla meM colo dvArA gaMgavADi rAjya kA aMta kara diye jAne se karnATaka deza kI sthiti saMkaTa meM thI ataH poyasala apanI vIratA evaM yogyatA se cAlukyoM kA eka mahatvapUrNa sAmanta ho gayA aura coloM tathA unake kogAlyavaMzI sAmantoM ne yuddhoM dvArA pradeza chInakara vaha apanI zakti bar3hAne lgaa| usake putra vinayAditya prathama ( 10221047 I.) aura pautra nRpakAma hoyasala (1047-1060 I.) ne poyasala ke kArya ko cAlU rakhA aura apanI zakti bar3hAte rahe guru sugata vardhamAna hI unake dharmaguru evaM rAjaguru the| nRpakAma ke uttarAdhikArI vinayAditya dvitIya (1060-1101 I.) ke guru zAMtideva the| 1062 I. meM aMgadi meM hI zAMtideva ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA aura usa upalakSya meM rAjA tathA nAgarikoM ne vahA~ smAraka sthApita kiyA thaa| isa rAjaguru ke upadeza se mahArAja vinayAditya ne aneka jinamandira, devAlaya, sarovara, grAma aura nagara nirmANa kiye| 1062 meM jainaguru abhayacanda ko bhUmidAna dekara sammAna kiyaa|" 1069 meM maMtrAvara nagara meM jina mandira banavAyA 1094 I. meM isa nareza ne dArzanika vAdI jaina vidvAna gopanandi kA sammAna kiyA aura belagola tIrtha kI basadiyoM kI marammata ke liye kaI gA~va dAna diye| vinayAditya dvitIya kA uttarAdhikArI putra ballAla prathama (1101-1106 I.) rAjA huA / isake rAjaguru cArukIrti paNDitadeva the ye mahAnavAdI zrutakIrtideva ke ziSya the aura svayaM Ayurveda, vyAkaraNa, nyAya, siddhAnta, yoga, maMtra zAstra Adi vividha vidyA pAraMgata the| isakA uttarAdhikArI usakA anuja viTTideva (viSNuvardhana) (1106-1141 I.) thA yaha isa vaMza kA yazasvI nareza thaa| cAlukyoM kI adhInatA se apane Apako prAyaH mukta kara liyA aura colo ko deza se nikAla bhgaayaa| svataMtra hoyasala rAjya kA vaha vAstavika saMsthApaka thA sAtha hI atyanta sahiSNu aura samadarzI thaa| 1121 meM hAdirabAgilu jaina vasadi ko dAna diyaa| 1125 I. meM jainaguru zrIpAla traividyavRtI kA sammAna kiyA / zravaNabelagolA meM usane eka jinAlaya banavAyA, 1121 meM vahIM samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| isake alAvA maMtrI puNisamayya, patni jakaNabbe daNDanAyaka baladevaNNa, parasparAya, harideva, mAcirAja, mariyAne, bharatezvara, cinnarAja, immadri, biTTimayya Adi bhI jinabhakta evaM jainadharma ko samarpita the| inhoMne cAra prakAra ke dAna diye evaM kaI mandiroM kA nirmANa kraayaa| inake sahayoga se viSNuvardhana ne zAsana vyavasthA sucArU kI aura jainadharma kA bhI sarvatomukhI utkarSa kiyaa| 54 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 *

Page #61
pallava va kadamba vaMza dUsarI zatI ke prArambha meM uraiyUra (vartamAna tirUcirApallI) kA nareza kIlikavarmana cola thA, usakA choTA putra zAMtivarmana thaa| kumArAvasthA meM hI balAkapiccha nAmaka jainAcArya se dIkSA lekara vaha jaina muni ho gayA aura samantabhadra ke nAma se vikhyAta huA / samantabhadra kA, prAraMbhika muni jIvana kAMcI meM bItA, kAMcI ke mahArathI skaMdanAga kI kanyA caTupallava se vivAhI thI ataH nAgarAja kI mRtyu ke bAda pallava ke putra virUkuruca ne kAMcI meM pallava vaMza kI sthApanA kI / banavAsa deza kI karahATaka nagarI meM sAta vAhanoM ne eka anya sAmanta ne kadamba vaMza kI nIMva DAlI thii| prathama kadamba nareza kA uttarAdhikArI 150 I. ke lagabhaga zivaskanda zrI / AcArya samantabhadra se sambandhita jaina anuzruti kA rAjA zivakoTi yahI vyakti lagatA hai| bhasmaka roga ho jAne para isI rAjA ke zivAlaya meM AcArya ne roga kI upazAMti kI thI aura svayaMbhU stotra kI racanA dvArA apanI bhakti kA camatkAra dikhAyA thA / phalasvarUpa rAjA zivakoTi aura usakA bhAI zivAyana AcArya ke ziSya hue aura jaina muni ho gye| muni zivakoTi ne hI tatvArthasUtra para ratnamAlA nAmaka prathama TIkA likhI thii| nareza mayUravarmana ke samaya se kadamba vaMza kA utkarSa huaa| isa kAla meM jaina saMgha meM svAmI samantabhadra (120-185 I.) mahAnavAdI, dharmapracAraka tathA graMtha praNetA the / pallava rAje evaM karahATaka ke prAraMbhika kadamba rAje unake bhakta the| bauddhAcArya nAgArjuna unake samakAlIna evaM pratispardhI the, anya dharmo ke vidvAnoM ke sAtha inhoMne saikar3oM saphala zAstrArtha kiye the| inhIM ke samakAlIna mathurA saMgha ke prasiddha AcArya nAgahasti aura unake ziSya yativRSabhAcArya the jinhoMne kasAyapAhuDa graMtha para cUrNisUtra likhe aura 176 I. meM tiloyapaNNatti graMtha kI racanA kI / inhIM ke jIvana meM 156 I. meM mahAvIra ke ziSya paramparA kA aMta huA jo paramparAgata sAkSAt jJAna kI maukhika dvAra se saMrakSaka thii| AcArya samantabhadra ke hI eka ziSya AcArya siMhanaMdi ko san 188 I. meM daddiga aura mAdhava nAmaka bhrAtRdvaya ke hAthoM karnATaka ke prasiddha gaMgavaMza aura gaMgavAdi rAjya kI sthApanA kA zreya hai| isa prakara dUsarI zatAbdI ke aMta taka dakSiNa bhArata meM pANDya, cola, cera nAmaka prAcIna choTe-choTe tIna tamila rAjyoM ke atirikta pUrvI taTa para toNDeya maNDala meM kAMcI kA pallava, banavAsa deza meM karahATa, vaijayaMtI kA kadambarAja aura karnATaka meM gaMgavAdi kA gaMgarAjya ye tIna naye vaMza sthApita ho gaye the| 18 | inake atirikta dakSiNApatha ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM choTe-choTe zaktizAlI kintu alpasthAyI rAjya sthApita ho gaye the jaise pazcimI bhAga meM zakakSatrapa zaktizAlI the, Andhra deza meM ikSvAkuoM kA rAjya thaa| nAsika aura khAna deza para lagabhaga 70 varSa AmIroM kA rAjya rhaa| tadantara vahAM prAcIna raTTika evaM bhojoM ke vaMzajoM- rASTrikoM kA Adhipatya huA aura 3rI se 6ThI zatI taka ve rAjya karate raheM 5vIM zatI meM cAlukyoM ke udaya se rASTrIka gauNa hue aura phira 8vIM zatI meM rASTrakUToM ke rUpa meM unakA utthAna huaa| aba Age tIsarI se 10vIM zatI paryanta dakSiNa bhArata kA itihAsa kadamba, pallava, gaMga, cAlukya aura rASTrakUTa rAjavaMzoM kA hI itihAsa rhaa| 19 pallava vaMza kA prathama rAjA virUkuruca thA, usake bAda skaMdavarmana huA, yaha dharmamahAdhirAja bhI kahalAtA thaa| pallava rAjAoM para svAmI samantabhadra aura unake dharma kA prabhAva rahA hai| prAraMbhika pallava rAjAoM ke vizeSa kara zivaskaMdavarmana svayaM AgamoM ke TIkAkAra jaina guru bappadeva kA ziSya thaa| isake bAda siMhavarmana, buddhavarmana kumAraviSNu ( 325-50 I.) viSNugopa siMhavarmana dvitIya rAjA hue, siMhavarmana ke rAjya meM ( 458 I.) meM pATalika grAma ke jinAlaya meM jainAcArya sarvanandI ne lokavibhAga prAkRta graMtha pUrNa kiyA thaa| yaha jainI thaa| isake uparAnta do-tIna rAjA aura hue| san (550 I.) ke lagabhaga kumAra arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 55

Page #62
viSNu se prArambha hone vAlI pallava vaMza kI isa dUsarI zAkhA kA anta huaa| pallava (550-600 I.) meM tIsarI zAkhA kA prAraMbha huaa| isake Azraya meM mahAkavi bhAravi ne jIvana ke antima varSa bitAye the / isakA uttarAdhikArI mahendravarmana (600-630 I.) huA vaha jaina dharma bhakta thaa| kaI jaina mandira aura sittanavAsala kI guphAeM bhI usane banavAI thii| ina guphAoM meM bhitticitra bhI milate haiN| caityAlayoM ke nirmANa ke kAraNa ise caityakandarpa upAdhi prApta huI thii| mahendravarmana kA uttarAdhikArI narasiMhavarmana prathama (630-680 I.) pratApI nareza thaa| yaha zaivadharma kA samarthaka thA kintu isake rAjya meM jaina aura bauddha donoM hI dharmo ke sAdhu, devAlaya, maTha aura anuyAyI paryApta saMkhyA meM the| tadantara narasiMha varmana dvitIya (690-715 I.) zaivadharma kA samarthaka huaa| san 705 I. meM nandivarmana huA ise cAlukyoM, rASTrakUToM gaMgoM se aneka yuddha kiye| isake putra dantivarmana ne ( 795 845 I.) taka rAjya kiyA, usakA uttarAdhikArI nandivarmana tRtIya (844-866 I.) huaa| isakA putra nRpatuMgavarmana nareza huA yaha jainadharma kA samarthaka thaa| isa vaMza kA antima nareza aparAjita thaa| 10vIM zatAbdI meM cola samrAToM ke abhyutthAna ne pallava rAjya kA aMta kiyaa| pallavoM kI eka zAkhA nolambavAr3I ke nolamba the, isa vaMza meM jainadharma kI pravRtti nirantara banI rhii| pallava vaMza ke prAya: sabhI nareza vidyAoM aura kalAoM ke poSaka the aura vidvAnoM kA Adara karate the| prAkRta, saMskRta tamila bhASAoM meM zreSTha dhArmika evaM laukika sAhitya kA pallava narezoM ke Azraya meM sRjana huA 7vIM zatI I. ke pUrva pallava rAjya meM jaina aura bauddha dharmoM kI hI pradhAnatA thI, taduparAnta zaiva aura vaiSNava dharmoM kA prasAra huaa| jaina, bauddha, zaiva, vaiSNava cAroM hI dharma isa rAjya meM sAtha-sAtha phalate phUlate rahe 7vIM 8vIM zatAbdI meM zaiva aura vaiSNavoM ne jainoM aura bauddhoM para bhISaNa atyAcAra karane AraMbha kara diye kintu dakSiNa ke vidvAna jaina guruoM unake saMghoM ke saMgaThana, aneka par3osI rAjAoM tathA sAmanta saradAroM kI jaina dharma meM AsthA Adi kAraNoM se jaina dharma pallava rAjya meM aMta taka banA rhaa| 20 pANDaya rAjya - IsvI san ke bahuta pahale se isa vaMza kI avasthiti thii| I. san ke prArambha ke lagabhaga pANDaya rAjya unnata avasthA meM thA roma ke samrAToM se isa vaMza ke rAjanaitika sambandha the I.pU. 25 meM pANDaya nareza ne eka jaina muni ko roma ke samrATa AgasTsa ke darabAra meM bhejA thaa| ukta muni ne apanA aMta nikaTa jAnakara roma meM sallekhanA dvArA deha tyAga kiyA, aura vahAM unakI samAdhi banI thii| AcArya kundakunda balAkapiccha, samantabhadra Adi ne dravir3a deza meM jainadharma kA poSaNa kiyaa| pANDaya rAjya kI rAjadhAnI mathurA meM sarvaprathama tamila bhASA ke sAhitya kA praNayana huaa| tirukurala, tolakappiyama, nalAdiyara Adi kA praNetA jainoM ko mAnA jAtA hai| 5vIM zatI meM AcArya devanandI pUjyapAda ne dravir3a deza meM vihAra kiyaa| 5vIM se 7vIM zatI taka pANDaya deza meM jainadharma kA atyutkarSa huaa| vajranandi aura unake sahayogI guNanandi, vakragIva, pAtrakesarI, sumatideva, zrIvardhadeva Adi jainAcAryoM ne dravir3a yA dramila saMgha ko eka sajIva zakti banA diyaa| ina vidvAnoM ne aneka graMthoM kA saMskRta, prAkRta, tamila bhASAoM meM praNayana kiyaa| 6ThI zatI ke aMta meM kaDuMga rAjA pANDaya rAjya kI zakti kA punarutthAna kiyaa| vaha pUrvajoM kI bhAMti jaina bhakta thA / usake kramaza: 4 vaMzaja bhI jainI the| 10vIM zatI ke prAraMbha meM colo ne pANDaya rAjya para vijaya karake apane sAmrAjya meM milA liyaa| 12vIM zatI meM pANDyoM ne phira se zakti pakar3I aura dUsarA pANDaya sAmrAjya udaya meM aayaa| nareza mAravarmana kulazekhara (1268-1311 I.) huA usake vRtAnta se vidita hotA hai ki usa samaya pANDaya deza meM aneka jaina maTha aura jainI vidyamAna the| 1310 I. meM alAuddIna khilajI ke AkramaNa ne madurA ke pANDaya rAjya kA aMta kara diyaa| 21 cola rAjya IsavI san kI prAraMbhika zatAbdiyoM meM uragapura kA colarAjya eka unnata rAjya thaa| nAgoM se usakA sambandha thA aura jaina dharma kI usa rAjya meM pravRti thI tIsarI zatI I. se pallavoM ke utthAna ke ne I 56 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 -

Page #63
kAraNa cola rAjya kA sUrya kaI zatAbdiyoM taka asta rahA aura vaha gauNa rAjya ke rUpa meM saMbhavata: calatA rhaa| 9vIM zatAbdI I. meM cola deza ke taMcAUra nagara meM vijayAlaya cola ne cola rAjya kA purutthAna kiyA aura apane vaMza kI sthApanA kii| usake uttarAdhikArI Aditya cola, parAntaka cola (907-943 I.) rAjA hue usake katipaya uttarAdhikArI mahatvapUrNa nahIM the, kintu rAjA cola (985-1016 I.) isa vaMza kA mahAna nareza thA, yaha sAmAnyata: zaivadharma kA anuyAyI thA, kintu vaha udAra sahiSNu nareza thaa| usake rAjya meM jainoM ke Upara koI atyAcAra nahIM huA, jainiyoM ko zaivoM ke samAna hI rAjyAzraya prApta thA aura usake rAjya meM jaina dharma unnata avasthA meM thaa| 1074 I. meM koluttuMga jaina dharma kA anuyAyI samrATa huaa| isake Azraya meM aneka jaina vidvAnoM ne aneka graMthoM kI racanA kI thii| isa nareza ne apane rAjya se samasta niSiddha padArthoM kA AyAta banda kara diyA thaa| prAcIna bhArata meM caritravAna narezoM meM usakI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| cola sAmrAjya meM jaina saMskRti unnata rUpa meM thI tathA hindU dharma ke sAtha nirvirodha sadabhAvapUrvaka loka kalyANa meM rata thii| (pR. 189)22. gaMgavaMza-dakSiNa ke sampUrNa vaMzoM meM yaha sarvAdhika sthAyI rahA aura pallava, kadamba, cAlukya, rASTrakUTa Adi sabhI pradhAna rAjazaktiyoM kA prabala pratidvandI banA rhaa| isa vaMza kA prathama rAjA mAdhava koMguNivarma prathama (189-250 I.) thaa| yaha parAkramI va dharmAtmA thaa| isake eka bhavya jinAlaya evaM vidyApITha banavAyA jo zikSA aura saMskRti kA kendra rahA thaa| usake uparAnta kiriyamAdhava dvitIya huaa| vaha nItizAstra meM niSNAta thaa| vaizeSika sUtroM para usane TIkA likhI thii| 3rI-4thI zatAbdI meM gaMga narezoM ke zAsanakAla meM kaI prasiddha jainAcArya hue| kasAyapAhuDa ke AcArya yativRSabha kRta cUrNI sUtroM para vRtti likhI, zAmakuNDa aura bappadeva ne bhI AgamoM para TIkAeM likhii| kucibhaTTAraka aura nandamuni ne purANa grantha likhe| zivadharma ne kammapayaDi aura sattaka nAmaka karma graMthoM kI racanA kii| yazobhadra, prabhAcandra zrIdatta Adi vidvAna bhI isI kAla meM hue| avinIta koMguNi parAkramI aura dharmAtmA nareza thA usake guru jainAcArya vijayakIrti the| usane aneka arhatAyatana ko dAna diyA thA, devanandI pUjyapAda (464-524 I.) meM usane apane putra yuvarAja durvinIta kA zikSaka niyukta kiyA thaa| durvinIta koMguNI gaMgavaMza kA mahAna nareza thaa| mahAkavi bhAravi bhI kucha samaya taka usake darabAra meM rahe aura usane unake karAtArjunIya ke 15veM sarga para TIkA bhI likhii| kannar3a bhASA ke prAraMbhika lekhakoM aura kaviyoM meM bhI durvinIta kI gaNanA hai / 23 (pR. 197) durvinIta ke pradhAna dharma evaM vidyAguru pUjyapAda devanaMdi jainadharma ke mahAna AcAryoM meM se hai| jainendravyAkaraNa, zabdAvatAra, sarvArthasiddhi, samAdhitaMtra Adi aneka mahatvapUrNa graMthoM kI unhoMne racanA kii| siddhAnta, nyAya, vyAkaraNa, kAvya, Ayurveda, chaMdazAstra Adi vibhinna viSayoM meM ve niSNAta the| taduparAMta muSkara rAjA huA isane muSkara vasadi nAmaka jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| bhUvikrama, vikramAditya govinda zacIndra pRthvIkoMguNi rAjA bhI jinabhakta thaa| pRthvIkoMguNi ne jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| yaha yuga zAMti pUrNa rahA, aneka vidvAna jainAcAryoM ne 6ThI 7vIM zatAbdI meM jainadharma kI prabhAvanA kI aura mahatvapUrNa sAhitya kA sRjana kiyaa| gaMga narezoM se sammAna-prazraya pAne vAle isa kAla ke jaina guru va vidvAna nimnalikhita haiM - pUjyapAda, guNanandi, vakragrIva pAtrakesarI, vajranandi, sumatideva, zrIvardhadeva, gaMgAcArya, RSiputra, vRSabhanandi, candrasenAcArya, joindu, mahAsena, jaTAsiMhanandi, raviSeNa, padmanandi, aparAjitasUri, kumAranandi, dhanaMjaya kavi ityaadi| san 777 I. meM zrIpuruSa ne rAjya kA parityAga karake putra zivamAra dvitIya ko siMhAsana dekara arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #64
jainaguruoM ke nikaTa udAsIna zrAvaka ke rUpa meM dharmasAdhana kiyaa| zivamAra jainadharma meM 7 kA mahAna saMrakSaka thaa| zravaNabelagola meM eka jinAlaya bhI isane banavAyA thA jise zivamArana vasadi kahate haiN| yuvarAja bhArasiMha aura usake cAcA duggamAra ne aMjaneya nAmaka mandira banavAyA thaa| isa vaMza meM aneka rAjA hue jinhoMne jainadharma saMrakSaNa meM apanA yogadAna diyaa| rAjadamalla nareza ke maMtrI cAmuNDarAya ke kAraNa gaMgavaMza itihAsa meM amara ho gyaa| yaha maMtrI rAjanItijJa vIra yoddhA, svAmI bhakta, kannar3a, saMskRta, prAkRta bhASAoM kA vidvAna, kavi maMtrI rAjanItijJa vIra yoddhA, svAmI bhakta, kannar3a, saMskRta, prAkRta bhASAoM kA vidvAna, kavi aura lekhaka thA / dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma kI sthita isane sudRr3ha kii| apanI mAtA kI icchApUrti karane ke liye usane 978I. meM zravaNabelagola me gommaTezvara bAhubalI kI pratimA kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| isake alAvA bhI kalyANI ke kalacuri,coravaMza upavaMza saundatti ke raTTa koMkaNa ke zilAhAra, caMgAlva vaMza, aluva vaMza, gaMgadhArA kA cAlukya vaMza,vaMga, vaMSa,pombaccapura ke tAMtara, vAraMgala ke kAMtIya, devagiri ke yAdava ityAdi vaMza dakSiNa meM hae hai, jinhoMne jainadharma saMrakSaNa meM apanA yogadAna diyA hai| lekina vistAra bhaya se hama una sabakA vistRta vivecana yahA~ nahIM kara rahe haiN| 24 sandarbha : gommaTezvara bAhubali evaM zravaNabelagola, itihAsa ke pariprekSya meM, satIza kumAra jaina, prakAzaka-lAr3AdevI prakAzana graMthamAlA, pR. 49 vahI, pRSTha 58, pRSTha 61 vahI, pRSTha 67 saMkSipta jaina itihAsa bhAga-3,khaNDa-3, dakSiNa bhArata kA madhyakAlIna itihAsa bAbU kAmatAprasAda jaina, mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApar3iyA, sUrata, pR. 35 vahI pRSTha 34 gommaTezvara bAhubali evaM zravaNabelagola, pRSTha 82-83 saMkSipta jaina itihAsa pRSTha 79 gommaTezvara bAhubali evaM zravaNabelagola, pRSTha 86 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilA-DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI 1975 pRSTha 87 gommaTezvara bAhubali evaM zravaNabelagola, pRSTha 87 vahI, pRSTha 89 bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi, DaoN.jyotiprasAda jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha 1999 pRSTha 216 gommaTezvara bAhubali evaM zravaNabelagola, pRSTha 89-90 14. bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi, pRSTha 216-218 gommaTezvara bAhubali evaM zravaNabelagola, pRSTha 92 bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi, pRSTha 252 vahI, pRSTha 253 vahI, pRSTha 257 19. vahI, pRSTha 181-183 vahI, pRSTha 187 vahI, pRSTha 186-188 vahI, pRSTha 188-189 23. vahI, pRSTha 197 24. vahI, pRSTha 205-206 prApta: 19.01.06 58 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #65
ARHAT VACANA Jakaapicha, Kundakvada Indore Vol. 19, No. 3, July-September 07, 59-62 Indore: A Glimpse of Malwa* Michael C. Skinner ** From the small nibble of Indore available to me in my week here I would have to label this city as sturdy. Although this might not be the sultriest of labels, in the context of urban India, this translates to a city with a strong foundation and room to expand. Already here are the malls and modern amenities found in other urban centres, though community tea stalls and a bevy of local enteries still exist. This combination of old and new defines Indore and makes it a wonderful city for wandering. The people of this city reflect this sturdy spirit and in every interaction were extremely kind and generous. From my limited observation indore has a strong base, both urban and social, from which to develop into a centre of education, commerce, and culture. THEN A view of Samavosharan Jian Temple Besides being home to kings and temples Indore is also a centre of Jainism. Residing in indore is a vibrant Jaina community. There are many old Jaina mandirs in Indore as well as modern temples recently constructed. At Gommata Giri one can find a magnificent rendering of the twenty four tirhankars in siting Anjaaninag wat In traveling around the city of Indore there are many sites that connect the modern city to its historical past. For example, Rajwada (Rajavada) and lalbag (lalabaga) still exist from the times of the Malva principality and almost every road is lined with large familial residences that atlest to the booming commercial enterprise of this city. Also found on the streets are small temples constructed for the passing Puja as well as larger temples of note. For example, a gigantic Ganapati measuring fifteen meters high and ten meters wide is found in Badaganpati. Many, other beautiful temples and historical temples sites are also found in indore such as the kanca mandira and the samavasharan Jaina temple, but I will have to wait untill I return to visit them. 184 Gommatagiri-Indore * Insturctor of History University of Hawaii - Hilo, U.S.A. ** Written after 10 days study visit of Kundkunda Jnanapitha, Indore DIOMAINRE:

Page #66
position and all of polished marble. Associated with this mandir there are many modern guest houses allowing for lay visitors and travelling munis to rest and enjoy a contemplative stay. Gommat Giri could also facilitate larger research groups interested in studying jainism such as the international summer school for Jaina studies directed by Shugan C. Jain based in Dehli together with his team. Both in and around, Indore historical Jaina sites include siddhavara Kuta, pavagiri, Maksi. Baedia, Badavani, etc. Besides Indore as a centre of Jainism, another historically significant city located about 56 kilometers north is ujjain. Jainism enjoys a long history in this area as Ujjain was the ancient capital of the Malva religion and also the location of the purported meeting spot after the Jaina group returned from the northern famine. Chandraguta maurya, the founder of the maurya dynasty (350-200BCE) is said to have taken part in the migration to the south and later Ujjain became a Maurya capital. Ujjain is also noted as an ancient centre of trade and considered one of the holiest cities in india. This city has a plethora of temples ancient, medieval, and modern that are marvelous in the construction and religiously significant. Mahakaleshvar is a temple built in the 10a Century ACE and is surrounded by a grouping of various Hindu shrines. For Jainas this city is important for the above mentioned historical reasons but in Ujjain is also found the Jaisinghpura. This Mughal period mandir has undergone recent renovations. It became a store house for Jaina relics from around the region. Today in the mandir itself you can see a variety of relics and idols, and one on display is inscribed with the date 1403. The museum behind the mandir, though in need improvement, houses a valuable collection of Jaina icons, statues, and artifacts. For any Jaina scholar inerested in medieval and mughal history of Madhya Pradesh the JaisinghPura Museum would be an excellent collection for research. In cojunction to this the Vikram University at Ujjain has many knowledgeable professors in their Ancient Indian History Department for which to consult about this period. As for my time Indore, I have been residing at the Kundakunda Janapitha and utilizing their scholarly facilities. In an effort to spread Jaina knowledge and ideas the 60 9446 Front view of Udasina Ashram Arhat Vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #67
Kundakunda Jnanpitha was founded in 1987 under the Digambara Jaina Udasina Ashram Trust inspired by Shri DeoKumar Singh Kasliwal. Today, under the guidance of Dr.Anupam Jain and through the support of the local Jaina community the Kundakunda Jnanapitha has established a well stocked library (over 24,000 texts) of Jaina related resources and also a large collection antiquated texts. Currently in construction is a museum (Samskrti bodha-Kala Vithika) for Jaina manuscripts and relicas of Jaina sculptures. A section about missing links of Jaina History will be devoted in it. As a visiting scholar to Indore I have been will received by the Jaina community, especially the Kasliwal (Dr. Ajit Kumar Kasliwal) and Bobra (Surajmal) family, and have amle opportunity to explore the available resources. With the addition of a few updated sources to complement their comprehensive collection of sutras, agamas, and Hindi texts the Kundakunda Jnanpitha will definitely contribute in incresing the knowledge of Jaina studies. For the above reasons the Kundakunda Jnanapitha will only expand in the future Front view of Library and hopefully attract more scholars to Indore in an effort to study Jainism. In connection with a place of learning this organization also publishes a quarterly research journal, the Arhat Vacana, of which 74 publications have been produced under the editorship of Dr. Anupam jain. ROL LER! O CUCCO ET 000 pere Hi, NINUAK AKPINK AMES Three issues of Arhat Vacana Arhat Vacana, 19 (3), 2007 61

Page #68
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HISTORY AND HERITAGE OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES VENUE FOR 18th DECEMBER 2004, KUNDAKUNDA JNANAPITHA, Indore Prof. Harishankar - U.S.A. delevering Lecture at Kundakunda Jnanapitha on 18.12.04 In 2004 the Kundakunda Jnanapitha, in collaboration with orther organization, organized an International conference on History and Heritage of Mathematical Sciences. that attracted 25 foreign delegates and 116 Indian scholars. While staying at this location I have had the opportunity to interact with some professors (Prof. Abbasi, Prof.P.N.Mishra, Prof. G. Kawadia, and Prof. S.K. Bandi) and discuss both Jainism as well as the state of education in America and India. It appears that in both countries the emphasis of business and commerce generally outweights social sciences. This is why centres such as Kundakunda Jnanapitha are so important, as it allows students the opportunity to study a subject often overlooked in modern eduation systems as well as offers those intersted for comming to the KundaKunda Jaanapitha was for the study of ancient Jaina history. Also, I am an instructor of history at University of HawaiHilo teaching world history so I would like to incorporate a section on Jainism into my course. During my stay I have been researching the history of Jainism in Mathura from the decling of the Maurya Empire and the rise of Kusana dynasty. In Mathura there are important archaeological finds and many inscriptions which have helped historians to understand the role of Jainism in ancient India. Besides having and ancient Jaina stupa dated prior to the christrian Era. Mathura was also a hub of artistry and sculpture that produced some of the first statues of tirthankars in India. This demonstrates the ascendancy of Jainism in ancient India and places Mathura as a significant centre of ancient Jaina culture. I have very much benifited from my time at this centre and their collection of books on history and Jaina art and architecture have been very helpful. Throughout my week in indore I have a wonderful time both studying Jainism as well as getting to know people associated with the Kundakunda Jaanapitha. I offer my sincere thanks to Dr. Anupam Jain for hosting me and also all the staff members of this 62 Arhat Vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #69
International Summer School for Jaina SI Camp - Indore Inaugural function, July 1, 2005 institution, especially the librarian Mrs. Surekha Mishra Who can find any book upon request. As for Idore itself, I know that when I return many things will change: new building will be constructed, larger roads will be built, and new residintial colonies will be established. However, the people of this city will still retains their caring and relaxed attitude and for this reason this city will remain a wonderful place in india. Received: 16.07.07 Michael C. Skimmer with the directors and others Arhat Vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #70
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 19. General Instructions and Information for Contributors Arhat Vacana publishes original papers, reviews of books & essays, summaries of Dissertations and Ph.D. Thesis, reports of Meetings/Symposiums/Seminars/ Conferences etc. 10. 64 Papers are published on the understanding that they have been neither published earlier nor have been offered to any joumal for publication. The manuscript (in duplicate) should be sent to the following addressDr. Anupam Jain, Editor - Arhat Vacana 'Gyan Chhaya', D-14, Sudamanagar, INDORE -452 009 The manuscript must be typed on one side of the durable white paper, in double spacing and with wide margin, the title page should contain the title of the paper, name and full address of the author. It is prefered to submit the MSS electronically through C.D. or email in MS Word in addition to the above. The author must provide a short abstract in duplicate, not exceeding 250 words, summarising and highlighting the principal findings covered in the paper. Foot-notes should be indicated by superior number running sequentially through the text. All references should be given at the end of the text. The following guidelines should be strictly followed. (i) References to books should include author's full name, complete and unabbreviated title of the books (underlined to indicate italics), volume, edition (if necessary), publisher's name, place of publication, year of publication and page number cited. For example Jain, Laxmi Chandra, Exact Sciences from Jaina Sources, Basic Mathematics, Vol.-1, Rajasthan Prakrit Bharati Sansthan, Jaipur, 1982, pp. XVI (ii) References to articles in periodicals should mention author's name, title of the article, title of the periodical, underlined volume, issue number (if required). page number and year. For example Gupta, R.C., Mahaviracarya on the Perimeter and Area of Elipse, The Mathematics Education, 8 (B), PP. 17-20. 1974. (iii) In case of similar citations, full reference should be given in the first citation. In the succeeding citation abbreviated version of the title and author's name may be used. For example - Jain, Exact Sciences, PP. 45 etc. Line sketches should be made with black ink on white board of tracing paper. Photographic prints should be glossy with strong contrast. Acknowledgements, if there be, are to be placed at the end of the paper, just before reference. Only ten copies of the reprints will be given free of charge to those authors, who subscribe. Additional copies, on payment, may be ordered as soon as it is accepted for publication. Devanagari words, if written in Roman Script, should be underlined and transliteration system should be adopted. Arhat Vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #71
ARHAT VACANA Kundakunda JaLapitba, Indore Vol. 19, No. 3, July-Sep. 07, 65-72 Research Methodology and Nature of Proof: A Visit to Jainism and Patanjali P.N. Mishra Pooja Jain** Abstract Exploring mind, matter and nature is a perpetual human question. Philosphers, Scientists and Social scientists do this exploration in their own way. This paper basically deasl with database research in social sciences. In this paper, how errors creep in, through the media of data, statistical tools and researchers mindset has been discussed. Two important Jaina concepts. Anekantavada and syadvada has been examined for reaching conclusions. Patanjali's assertaioin on progressive importance of proof such as direct cognition, inference and testimony has been analysed in the context of modern scientific development. It has been asserted that a researcher in social sciences should also take imputs from ancient Indian wisdom such as Jainism, Buddhism Upanisadas and yoga. sutra to comprehend the truth better. Introduction Exploring the mysteries of nature is one of the human tendencies. People have always been curious about nature. They have tried to understand matter, mind and behavior in their own way. Philosophers and scientists developed methods and methodologies to explore and understand the nature. Scientists approach the problems from one direction and philosophers from the other. Sometimes they merge and sometimes they remain at divergence. However, the journey of exploration has been progressing all along. Search and research create many milestones in this journey. When scientists approach a problem, they rely on experiments and observations. Observations are always performed with the help of senses. Senses have their own limitations. Hence, whether a scientist will reach the absolute truth remains a matter of debate. Contrary to this philosophers approach a problem applying, thinking, reasoning and analysis. For philosophers, the processes are basically cognitive in nature. They might depend on certain experiments and observations also; but by and large, philosophers' investigations are largely mental. Philosophers' approach could be constrained on account of their own pre-disposition and mental makeup. Therefore, even a philosopher will arrive at the absolute truth is also debatable. Nevertheless, philosophers Senior Professor and Director of Institute of Management Studies, DAVV, Indore 452 017 INDIA ** Lecturer, International Institute of Professional Studies, DAVV, Indore 452 017 INDIA

Page #72
and scientists always keep on moving forward in the endless journey of exploring nature, matter and mind. Systematic approach for this kind of exploration is always a necessity. The systematic search for facts and information on an issue or a topic has been given the name of research. As topics and issues can be different, therefore there cannot be universality on how the research will be conducted. Research in literature and languages are different from research in natural and biological sciences or history and social sciences. In this article certain philosophical issues pertaining to the database research in social sciences alone has be discussed. In this context relevance of Anekantavada, Syadvada and Patanjali view of nature of proof has been explained. Problems and issues of research in other subject or areas are not the subject matter of this article. In social sciences, research is done to achieve one or more of the following purposes: (i) to establish relationships among variables. (ii) to validate or modify any given relationship. (iii) to pass on statistical judgement on a statements pertaining to any universe or population. (iv) to find out causes responsible for a phenomena and, (v) to make forecast. To serve the above purposes, data are needed. Data are analysed with the help of statistical and quantitative techniques; the findings thus obtained after statistical and quantitative analysis are examined and interpret by the researcher to draw certain conclusions and to make recommendations. Thus, the conclusions of any research are largely the collective outcome of data, statistical tools and researchers' mindset. Sources of Error In all the above three-data, statistical tools and quantitative techniques and researchers' mindset, certain error is inbuilt. Here we distinguish between "Error" and "Mistake." Error is that deviation from the exact or correct finding which is due to the system. Researchers can only be aware of this but cannot remove it, whereas mistake is due to the researcher. It can be removed or eliminated by taking additional care. Let us try to understand how errors creep in research findings and conclusions. Data Experiments and observations are ultimate sources of data. In experiments, ultimately certain kind of observations are made, hence observations are of paramount importance in the context of data creation and collection. Our observations are constrained by the limitation of our senses. We cannot see, touch, feel or smell all existences even when they are there. If we are telescopic and microscopic both, the world eye view will be all together different. Similarly if we can hear all the frequencies and wavelengths of sounds present in the surrounding, our understanding of the existence will be different. Thus, whatever we observe, listen or smell are not hundred percent exact. We try to 66 Arhat Vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #73
increase the power of our sense organs by various physical devices, but they cannot be increased beyond a certain limit. Instruments of measurement are also not hundred percent sensitive. "Least count of an Instrument decides the extent to which it can measure a thing. Limitations of senses and instruments can never allow a researcher to get exact data. Power of senses and instruments can be enhanced but it cannot be enhanced infinitely. "Presence of the observer influences the phenomena" is a statement, which has been made in the context of physical science, but it is truer in the context of social sciences. Whenever you observe any social phenomena, in many of the situations, phenomena are influenced or changed by the presence of observer. Whenever a person is interviewed to explore some facts or information, the moment he/she is interviewed, his/ her behavior is changed. Thus changed or modified behavior, not the real one are recorded for the purpose of research. The researchers have tried to get over this problem by using disguised techniques, yet total success is not guaranteed. On account of modification of phenomena due to the presence of observer, limitations of senses and instrument of measurement, data are bound to be erroneous. Statistical Tools Statistical methods are backbone of database research in social sciences. But is this backbone sufficiently strong? Statistics is not an exact science like mathematics; it is a science of averages. A statistical measure for a sample or population may not be correct for any single member of the sample or population; yet it is regarded as valid for whole of sample or population. The average income of a group of people may not be the income of even one member of group. In calculations also lot of assumption are made, but in actual situation, those assumptions are either not present or not verified to be correct. A simple example will carry this message home: We wish to calculate mean of 3,4,5,6,7 and 8. The mean is (3+4+5+6+7+8)/6 = 5.5 Let us put the same data in the form of frequency distribution; S.No 1 2 Class 0-5 5-10 Frequency 2 4 Mid values for class 1 and 2 are respectively 2.5 and 7.5. By simple statistical formula mean will be Mid value x frequency Sum of the Frequenies Arhat Vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #74
2.5x2 +7.5x4 5.0+30.0 35 6 6 6 This is not the same as the first mean, which is 5.5 Where is the error? As a matter of fact, the error lies in the non-fulfillment of a particular assumption for grouped frequency distribution. All items within a group should be uniformly and normally distributed. This particular assumption was not verified while using the grouped frequency distribution and hence the error. Likewise, there are certain assumptions with all statistical formulae. Sometimes assumptions are not valid for the situation and sometimes they are not verified to be present, yet the formula is used leading to an error. A statement about the population is generally verified through the study of sample. In hypothesis testing, we pass on judgement about population parameters through the corresponding measures calculated for a sample drawn from the population. However carefully you draw a sample, there is no guarantee that it will be an appropriate representative of population; for example, from a population of 100 people consisting of 50 male and 50 female, you draw a sample of 10 by using random methods. All the 10 may turn out to be either male or female. The sample was without any bias, yet it did not turn out to be representative sample. If the sample is changed, findings may change. Researchers try to solve this problem by resolving to the techniques of stratified random sampling. Even a stratified random sampling is not necessarily 100 % representative. By stratified random sample, no doubt, representativeness of the sample is ensured up to certain extent. From a population, if you draw two non-biased samples of the same size using the same techniques, they will not necessarily lead to the same result. If the sample size is changed then the findings are also likely to change. Hence, for the same population, with different samples of the same size and different samples of different sizes varied results are likely to be there. Statistical techniques, thus, may induce certain amount of error. So, should we give up statistical techniques? No, use them with caution and never consider your findings as ultimate truth. Researchers' Mindset = 5.83 If the same sample, data and statistical calculations are given to many researchers, all of them will not reach to the same conclusions and inferences. The researchers have different perception, attitude and mindset. They cannot completely get over this. Their psychology, up to some extent will definitely be reflected in the conclusions and inferences that they draw and the recommendation that they make. This is yet another source of error in data base social science researches. So, should we say good-bye to research and research methodology, which is supposed to be systematic way of conducting the research? No, it gives bad answers to questions which otherwise would have worst answers. 68 Arhat Vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #75
Research methodology is regarded as revolution in social science in 20th century. it is rightly so, because it empowers social scientist to acquire new knowledge and facts with reasonable confidence. Words of Caution: Research findings depend upon multiple of factors; which introduce some element of error in results. Research findings can never be deemed to be absolute truth. They are only satisfactory understanding of phenomena. Thus, a researcher should never be rigid. He/She should be of questioning, flexible and open mind. He/She can only say that in the given circumstances, with given data and tools of study, the results have been obtained and they are subject to change and modification in future. He should be prepared to accept or not to accept any thing. Rigidity is an enemy of research attitude. Anekantavada (anekAMtavAda) and Syadvada (syAdvAda) Syadavada and Anekantavada are two important pillars of Jaina philosophy. Syadvada is a way to express the things relatively. Any thing or statement may be correct from one stand point and may be wrong from another stand point. Hence, from the limited power of our senses (f-su) we can't say a thing correct from all points of view. Anekantavada believes that every entity, however insignificant or small it might be, has infinite dimensions suggesting thereby that full exploration of any entity using material means is difficult if not impossible. Hence there is no conformity and exploration continues. Anekantavada and Syadvada are true research attitudes. Statistical Packages: Curse or Boon? Some times researchers decide in advance that they would use a particular research technique. They assert that they would use regression, correlation, hypotheses testing etc. with the belief that the research technique would increase quality of research. Sometimes, the problem doesn't require any technique; simple logic or averages produce high quality results. So, one should not use a technique to impress fellow researchers only. Let the situation demand the use of a particular technique rather than unnecessarily imposing any technique on situation. A good doctor prescribes medicine only when it is needed, he does not prescribe the medicine just because he knows and has it. This applies to a good researcher also. User-friendly statistical packages have made the job of data analysis easy and fast. Researchers have developed the tendency of using them even when they are not demanded or required by the situation . A word of caution is necessary here also. Donot tailor-make your problem to suit a particular research technique, let the technique be developed to suit the problem, similarly, donot apply a statistical package only because it is available-let it be required by the data and problem being researched. If the above care is not taken immediately, database research in social sciences will turnout to be a formality Arhat Vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #76
and fraud and the quality of research in social sciences will reach a deplorable level. Through this kind of research neither academics nor society will be benefited. Research should be conducted to supplement wisdom, not to replace it. Today, wisdom is being lost in the jungle of data. Give Meaning to Research: In order to give a meaning to researches in social sciences at least following questions must be asked to himself by the researcher at various stages of research. (i) Is there really a research problem? (ii) Has the problem been formulated well? (iii) Are the population, sample and data collection methods seriously thought over? (iv) What statistical tool, the data requires for analysis? (v) Does data fulfill necessary conditions for the application of identified statistical technique? (vi) Do the result automatically flow as an outcome of analysis? (vii) Is neutrality maintained while arriving at the conclusion? (viii) Is it not the repetition of something already done? Here is again a caution, at grown up stage every body is unique, every body is complex and every body is capable of concealing and manipulating his behavior. Had people been complex only, there would not have been much problem in studying them. Rockets and computers are very complex machines, but if you study one of them, others of the similar kind need not be studied. Serious problem is posed by his being unique and capable of concealing and manipulating his responses. A researcher must be cautious and careful about it while drawing the conclusions. The Universe and the Sample: Ancient Indian philosopher has said Yad Brahamande Tat Pindey (;& age 7 foue). Whatever is there in the universe is also there in a minute particle. Every particle is a miniature universe, so to study the universe; study of one particle could suffice. This might seem to be an extreme view, but nonetheless, has deep message for the researchers. Even the study of small sample gives exact idea of the universe but the sample is required to be true representative of the universe, irrespective of the size. Studying a large sized sample does not guarantee the accuracy of results. It should be true representation rather than large representation. Even a small sample gives true idea of universe if carefully chosen. Jean Piaget who is regarded as father of child psychology studied only his son. The span of study extended up to 16 years. In the language of research methodology you may call it case study or a study where universe was very big but the sample size was one only, which is the smallest possible sample size. The conclusions drawn can be universally 70 Arhat Vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #77
acceptable. The conclusions that Jean Piaget drew about child's development, are universally accepted. They explain the development and behavior of every child in the world; over the years they have found to be almost correct. Piaget studied one child but the conclusions are valid for every child. How could it happen? Individuals exist at three levels - biological, social and spiritual. The variability in the behavior of individuals in more at social level. At biological and spiritual level every body is almost one and the same. Piaget concentrated, to being with, at the child as biological and spiritual being. He tried to understand him as a social being also only when the child reached the age of 7. As people are almost same at biological and spiritual level, objective, deep and natural study of even one individual may unveil facts about others behavior too. Nature of Proof- In the view of Patanjali: Patanjali is an ancient Yoga Master. He has composed Yoga Sutra. His Yoga Sutras are being explored by modern psychologists. The Yoga Sutra of Patanjali is divided into four Pada (Sections). They are Samadhi Pada, Sadhana Pada, Kaivalya Pada and Vibhuti Paad. Patanjali has followed the Sutra style of writing that is utmost condensation. Patanjali has not given very high place to direct evidence in his Yoga Sutra whereas sense evidence or direct knowledge in modern science has been given a very respectable place. But sense evidence accordingly to ancient Indian philosophers cannot totally be relied upon. Whatever the senses, see, feel or smell may be illusion or untrue. Scientists have also started endorsing the view. Patanjali, a great thinker and exponent of yoga philosophy have said the following about the nature and order of proof: pratyAkSAnumAnAgamAH prmaannaaniN|' Pratyaksanumanagamah pramanani This Aphorism (1) says direct cognition; inference and testimony are progressively. the better proofs. Here testimony means statement given by a seer. As a proof, Patanjali has given highest place to the testimony and the lowest to direct cognition or sense evidence. As we have discussed already that our senses have limitation have they are incapable of comprehending the reality in totality. Knowledge produced by the sense are, thus only working knowledge and not at all the absolute knowledge. Inference as a proof has been given a better place as compared against direct sense evidence. To draw an inference from observation, one applies one's wisdom and intelligence. Therefore, as a proof it is superior to direct sense evidence- but testimony, according to Patanjali, is the highest proof. At the surface of this, it seems strange, but a deeper analysis would convince us that Patanjali has a point. A seer (f) comprehends a phenomena going beyond senses, not through them. He maintains maximum objectivity and neutrality while making any statement. Arhat Vacana, 19 (3), 2007 71

Page #78
Upanisada and other such literature are full of statement about nature, mind and behavior. The seers have not followed any formal methodology rather they went into deep contemplation and observed nature and mind going beyond senses. Such statements are being endured by modern physics and psychology. Hence intuitive wisdom and revelations also should be given a fair change and trial. Tomorrow some more tools may develop; and powers of our instruments of measurement and observations may increase further which may reveal some more intuitive aspects of nature and mind. Therefore do not be rigid, be prepared to welcome new knowledge and facts as we advance in our journey of acquiring knowledge. Conclusion Research methodology is regarded as a revolution in social sciences in the last century because it empowers us with the techniques and skills of acquiring new knowledge. But it has its own limitations. Due to some structural defects it does not give absolute knowledge it gives only working knowledge. Knowledge produced by research methodology always goes through the process of evolution and modification. It gives bad answers to questions which otherwise would have worst answers. Research methodology is full of many gaps and slips. A genuine researcher must not be rigid; he/she should be ego less and polite. He/ She should question every thing including his only findings. He should have an open mind and should be willing to accept any thing. Today, social science research, by and large is not in satisfactory stage. Lack of deep training in research methodology and too much emphasis on database quantitative research could be a few factors responsible for this. Research in social science should be organized with utmost care and concern, incorporating modern techniques and ancient wisdom both, otherwise doomsday in social science research will not be far ahead. Intuition and ancient wisdom should not be ignored. Deeper wisdom available in ancient Indian thoughts such as Jainism, Buddhism, Upanisadas and Yoga sutra should also be in research dealing with mind, matter and nature. Note: The Authors are thankful to Dr. Anupam Jain, for his valuable suggestions on the concept of Anekantavada and Syadvada. Reference: 1. Yoga Sutra, Samadhi Pada, Aphorism 7. Received after revision: 28.08.07 72 Arhat Vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #79
ARHAT VACANA Kundakunda napitha, Indore Vol. 19, No. 3, July-September 07, 73-75 Scientific Aspects of Jainism #Y. K. Jain Abstract Concept of six Dravyas (entities) in Jainism is unique. The details of Jiva, Ajiva, Dharma, Adharma, Kala & Akasa are very scientific but the terminology used in its explantion is not scientific Present article gives a brief introduction about all these six entities. In Jainism the reality is described by using the tool of Anekantavada or pluralism which says that a thing is multifaceted and depending upon perspective it shall appear to be different from different directions. Nonetheless reality is the integral view of all such uni directional views. For Example a cuboid appears to be square when seen from the sides. The soul or the Jiva is inherently pure, omniscient, omnipotent and blissful at all times. However in worldly state he undergoes transmigration traversing from hell to heaven and from human form to animal forms. How is it possible that the soul which is pure and omniscient, has to undergo such transformations? This is explained by use of Anckanta. While from real view or Niscaya view the soul is totally pure, from Vyavahara view or practical view he is shackled by the bonds of Karmas from beginingless time, hence his knowledge has been obscured, which leads him to believe his body as the soul and all his efforts are directed towards benefiting the body. The real view is also true and the practical view is also true since it can be seen so. The integration of these views only is the reality and when one pure state of Moksha. In the same way the spirituality and science are two aspects of the same coin. While spiritually deals with the soul which can only be experienced and not established by any conventional proof, the science deals with practical aspects of the matter which base all hypothesis based upon proofs. Both aspects are real and not imaginary. Integration of these two views provides the knowledges of the reality. One cannot ignore or suppress the practical view since it provides a knowledge of the way the things are, without knowing them one cannot identify soul from non soul. Hence Jainism did not limit the description of the Dravyas (entities) Dravyas of the universe to just soul (jiva) and non soul (ajiva). The scientific aspect was also equally important to be characteristics as defferent from non soul. Therefore although they sides of the coin, the fact is that the two sides only make the coin. The written scripture of Jainism is about 2000 years old which has its roots in the divine sermon of Bhagavana Mahavira which was given about 2500 years back. It must be borne in mind while studying them that most of the terminology was not scientific since their vocabulary was different and we have to interpret them in the corret perspetive. * 51, IEHCS Layout, 5th Block, 7th Main, Vidyarangapura, Banglore - 560 097

Page #80
It is quite astounding to learn the types of details which were very elaborately and scientifically described in the knowledge was derived from direct knowledge i.e. clairvoyance or omniscience while today our knowledge is indirectly derived through sense with usage of argument/hypothesis to establish a fact hence the theories keep on getting udated. It is also important to note that the scientific aspects formed and essential part of texts since description of universe is incomplete without it. Jainism describes six primary entities (Dravya) which constitute the universe. They are Jiva or the soul, pudgala which is matter and has the properly of associating and disassociating. The description does not end here. The reason in very important. One cannot properly realise the soul unless he knows all the rest of the non soul along with their characteristics so that he does have any doubts in his mind and he can understand the reasons for the bondage of the soul. It continues now to describes the entities Dharmastikaya and Adharmastikaya which are quite unique and contrary to popular use of these words. The first one is defned as medium of motion like water for the fish, and the second one is described as the one which permits rest like the shade of the tree provides to the traveler. If one looks at them, one wonders why such entities were described at all. But they underline the scientific aspect of Jainism. The closest one identifies Dharmastikaya is to Ether in modern day terminology for defining the medium through which electro magnetic waves traverse. Although concept of Ether has been discarded now, but the fact is such a medium does exist which provides for the transmission of electromagnetic waves hence concept of Dharmastikya is very much valid. Similarly Adharmastikaya is analogous to modern gravitational field which ensures the stability of the universe keeping it at rest. The remaining two dravyas are no less interesting. One is kala or time. While practical time is measured in hours and minutes, there is a real time which is described as occupying the entire universe like jewels at each spatial point individually. The beauty is that the kala is not same at any two points (which is true!) and they are independent catalytic agents for manifestation of matter and soul. The last is akasa which is space and which is further divided into two as lokakasa (universal space) and alokakasa (infinite space). The lokakasha is bounded containing all souls and matter which is surrounded by infinite alokakasa which does not support any matter or even time. Albert Einstein had also postulated the space to be bounded and not infinite since infinite space cannot sustain the energy. It is very interesting to know that the lokakasha perfectly fits his definition of bounded universe. The alokakasha is infinite which does not support any matter or even hence is unbounded like the postulation of Einstein! Returning back to Jiva and Pudgala we would find no less surprising revelations. The Jiva exists in vegetables, plants etc. was told long before Prof. Basu proved it. The parmanu or the atom occupies infinitesimal space and joins with other permanus to create 74 Arhat Vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #81
skandha or molecules. It is interesting to note that the rules for joining of atoms are dependent on its dryness or wetness and the difference of them having a certain number which is so analogous to today's terminology of positive and negative charge! However the real surprise lies in telling that the jiva as well as pudgala have the property of sharing same space with other jiva and pudgala known as avagahana property. This is the only way we can explain! This is something which is yet to be explained by scientists. Law of conservation of energy and matter was declared long back in jainism, so also relatively which forms the foundation of Jainism. The interaction of karma particles to soul for binding and fruitation has been elaborated in detail to explain transmigration. These particles function as particles while binding and on fruitation they give rise to a sort of electromagnetic field which induces further action on the part of the soul, which in turn attracts more particles in the vicinity and their influx leads to binding of them as future karmas. Eight types of karmas with their differnt properties, duration, intensity etc. have all been described very scientificallly. The purpose of all these description was to explain to the human being, the roles of different entities and how soul was different from all of them which can be realised by only experiencing it and cannot really be described in words. The practical view functions the ladder for reaching the goal wherein when the goal is reached, the ladder is discarded. In the same way, the scientific aspects function as tools for understanding the reality and once the reality is understood, there is no further purpose of practical view since all is known in totality unambiguously. In fact it becomes a hindrance since if one remains absorbed in the practical aspects, one's mind cannot focus on the real self. Science denotes the knowledge of all knowables which the soul has the capability to know. Hence once he knows the self, he knows all. However, to know the self he has to distinguish himself from non soul and to contemplate on the self spiritually. Therefore he has to bring his attention on to the self starting from the entire universe knowing and discarding it as not his self. Then only he achieves the goal of Moksa. It would to be apt to see what Albert Einstein has said upon the subject of science and religion: "One can have the clearest and most complete knowledge of what is, and yet not be able to deduct from that what should be the goal of our human aspirations." He has clearly stated that science provides the tool while religion provides the goal. Both are complementary and they together form the complete entity. The science forms the practical side of knowledge while religion imparts the spiritual side, and they together form the totality of knowledge as it exist in the knowledge of the omniscient. Received: 18.09.06 Arhat Vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #82
zrI digambara jaina udAsIna Azrama TrasTa, indaura dvArA jaina sAhitya ke sRjana, adhyayana, anusaMdhAna ko protsAhita karane ke uddezya se 1992 meM kundakunda jJAnapITha puraskAra kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| isake antargata ghoSita viSaya paridhi ke antargata vigata 5 varSoM meM prakAzita / aprakAzita cayanita kRti ke lekhaka ko rU.25,000/- kI nagada rAzi, zAla, zrIphala evaM prazasti patra se sammAnita kiyA jAtA hai| hindI / aMgrejI meM likhita kRti kA cayana trisadasyIya nirNAyaka maMDala dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| gata 14 varSoM se puraskRta vidvAnoM evaM unakI kRtiyoM kA vivaraNa nimnavat hai - 1993 saMhitAsUri paM. nAthUlAla jaina zAstrI, indaura, 'pratiSThA pradIpa 1994 pro. lakSmIcandra jaina, jabalapura, 'The Tao of Jaina Sciences ' 1995 pro. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara', nAgapura 'jaina itihAsa, saMskRti evaM purAtatva digambara jaina udAsIna Azrama TrasTa, indaura dvArA sthApita kundakunda jJAnapITha puraskAra 1996 DaoN. udayacandra jaina, udayapura 'jaina dharma svarUpa vizleSaNa evaM paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa (aprakAzita ) evaM AcArya gopIlAla 'amara', dillI 1997 apradatta 1998 pro. rAdhAcaraNa gupta, jhAMsI, 'jaina gaNita (aprakAzita) ' 1999 DaoN. prakAzacandra jaina, indaura, hindI ke jaina vilAsa kAvyoM kA udbhava aura vikAsa (vi.saM. 1520-1999 taka) (aprakAzita) 'Jaina Solution to the Pollution of Environment (Unpublished)' 2000 DaoN. pradyumnakumAra jaina, rudrapura, Jaina & Hindu Logic' 2001 DaoN. saMgItA mehatA, indaura 'jaina saMskRta sAhitya ke Aloka meM varddhamAna mahAvIra - eka adhyayana (aprakAzita) ' 2002 DaoN. anilakumAra jaina, ahamadAbAda, 'jIvana kyA hai?" 2003 prAcArya narendraprakAza jaina, phirojAbAda, samaya ke zilAlekha evaM cintana pravAha 2004 DaoN. anekAnta kumAra jaina, dillI, dArzanika samanvaya kI dRSTi: jaina nayavAda evaM DaoN. suzIlA sAlagiyA, indaura 76 2005 pro. mahAvIra rAja gelar3A, jayapura, 'Science in Jainism' 2006 pro. nalina ke. zAstrI, dillI, 'namAmi kA sampAdana' 'jaina viSayavastu se sambaddha Adhunika hindI mahAkAvyoM meM sAmAjika cetanA' varSa 2007 ke puraskAra hetu jaina dharma evaM darzana kI kisI bhI vidhA para hindI / aMgrejI meM likhita maulika prakAzita / aprakAzita kRti ke prastAva dinAMka 31 akTUbara 2007 taka AmaMtrita haiN| prakAzita kRti varSa 2002 se pUrva prakAzita nahIM honI cAhiye / devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla adhyakSa kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura DaoN. anupama jaina mAnada saciva Arhat Vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #83
arhatva kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura jIvana kI ApAdhApI se trasta iMsAna Izvara aura adhyAtma kI zaraNa meM jAkara mana kI zAMti, sukUna aura saMtuSTi khojanA cAhatA hai| dharma aura adhyAtma meM yahI anuprANita hotA hai| dharma jor3atA hai| jIne kI kalA sikhalAtA hai| sAdhanA kA mArga hai dharma dharma ke marma ko jAne-samajhe binA saba kucha bemAnI hai| sau bAta kI eka bAta ! jaina agara jaina hI raheM to isameM kyA ? bAta pate kI hai / aise hindU zabda va hindutva kI vyAkhyA pahale se hI ThIka huI hotI to kisI taraha ke 'vAda' upasthita nahIM hote| spaSTa anuttaraNIya evaM nirvivAda vyAkhyA vizeSa sAvadhAnI kI cIja hai| , TippaNI 1 jaina to jaina hI raheMge # kokala canda jaina etad apekSita evaM vivecita vyAkhyA vedoM ke anuyAiyoM, jaina, bauddha, sikha, pArasI vagairaha sabhI ke saMbaMdha meM samAna rUpa se lAgU hotI hai| ataH yadi sarva samAja aura sarakAra ImAnadArI ke sAtha tadanurUpa kAryavyavahAra aura AcaraNa kareM to phira kahanA hI kyA ? isameM koI do rAya nahIM ho sakatI ki aitihAsikatA ke sAtha-sAtha dhArmika va AdhyAtmika dRSTi se suspaSTa, sarvagrAhya, tathyAtmaka vyAkhyA meM hai| ukta pariprekSya meM 'jaina hindU' hI hai lekina kisa artha meM ? zIrSAntargata jJAnodaya 1950 I. se uddhRta jAne-mAne krAMtikArI va ciMtaka vinAyaka dAmodara sAvarakara kA Alekha vigata dinoM katipaya patrikAoM meM dekhane meM AyA jisameM prabuddha lekhaka dvArA kiMcita apekSA vizeSa se yaha bAta pratibhAsita karate hue TippaNa karane kA upakrama kiyA gayA hai| jo bhI ho, zAbdika paribhASAoM, vyAkhyAoM, mAnyatAoM, apekSAoM, najarie, TippaNI vagairaha ke pratipAdana meM itara mantavyoM athavA niSkarSo ityAdi kA prabhAvita honA svAbhAvika bAta ho jAtI hai| prAcIna kAla se hI hindutva kI suspaSTa vyAkhyA pratipAdita nahIM ho paaii| isameM hindU dharma kA artha hindutva hI mAna liyA jAnA tathA vaidikoM dvArA hindU zabda ko AtmasAta kara liyA jAnA bar3e kAraka rahe hindU zabda mUlataH dezavAcaka hai| isa prakAra ke hindU zabda kA artha dharmaniSTha na hokara dezaniSTha athavA rASTraniSTha hotA hai| yaha ki zabdAvalI ke gUDhArtha athavA vyAkhyA ke jarie sudIrgha arse se pracalita evaM bahupracArita mAnyatAoM va avadhAraNA ko anAyAsa hI badala diyA jAnA koI sahaja saMbhAvya kAma nahIM / dharma-parivartana ke savAla ko lekara gujarAta ke mukhyamaMtrI narendra modI dvArA gujarAta vidhAnasabhA se prastAva pAsa karA liyA jAnA yaha saMzodhana saMvidhAna para prahAra aura samAja ko sAmpradAyika rekhA meM vibhAjita karane kA prayAsa hai| jaina aura bauddhoM ko hinduoM kI eka zAkhA batAnA do svataMtra dharmoM ke astitva ko cunautI dene jaisA hai| yaha saMzodhana saMvidhAna ke anuccheda 25 ke antargata dharma ke svataMtratA ke mUlabhUta adhikAra ke virUddha kArya hai| yaha saMzodhana sArahIna aura aucitya se pare hai| jaina samAja meM bhArI Akroza hai| isa sambandha meM bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI, akhila bhAratIya digambara jaina mahAsabhA, digambara jaina arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 77

Page #84
mahAsamiti, pariSada evaM anya saMgaThanoM va saMsthAoM ke dvArA purajora tarIke se gujarAta ke rAjyapAla navalakizora zarmA tathA mukhyamaMtrI narendra modI ko virodha darja karAyA gayA hai| aise gambhIra vivAdAspada prakaraNa ke silasile meM bhArata ke rASTrapati mahodaya kA dakhala vAMchanIya hai tathA ise adAlata meM cunautI diyA jAnA bhI vicAraNIya ho jAtA hai / kahanA na hogA ki uccatama nyAyAlaya ke nyAyamUrti zrI eca. bI. sinhA aura nyAyamUrti zrI dalavI bhaNDArI kI do sadasyIya khaNDapITha ne uttara pradeza ke eTA jile meM jaina samudAya ke kanyA jUniyara hAIskUla meM zikSaka kI sevAeM samApta karane se saMbaMdhita mAmale meM yaha vyavasthA dI hai ki jaina dharma hindU kA hissA nahIM hai, tathA isa samudAya ko apane zikSaNa saMsthAna sthApita karane aura saMcAlana kA adhikAra hai / prAsaMgika rUpa se vyAkhyA meM digambaratva kI punarsthApanA ke silasile meM eka aitihAsika saccI ghaTanA kA ullekha ! bIsavIM sadI ke tIsare cauthe dazakoM ke daurAna jainatva ke astitva, AsthA evaM saMtaparamparA ke nirvahana hetu digambarAcArya caritracakravartI zAntisAgarajI mahArAja kI digambaratva kI mahimA aura punarsthApanA meM atulanIya avadAna stutya evaM avismaraNIya hai| prazAsakIya avarodha, viSamatAoM va pratikUlatAoM ke bAvajUda ahiMsA, sAdhanA va AcaraNa kA saMbala va tapazcaryA ke bUte para eka anUThI misAla kAyama huii| kucha bhI kaheM dharma para kAnUna banAnA sarakAra kA kAma nahIM hai kyoMki yaha AsthA aura mAnyatA kA prazna hai| yahI ki jaina ko jaina hI rahane deM, bhalAI isI meM hai| jaina zramaNa saMskRti vaidika saMskRti se pRthaka hai| dharma va darzana se jur3e siddhAntoM ko muddA banAyA jAnA koI aklamaMdI kI bAta nahI ho sakatI / jainatva ke prati pratibaddhatA aura samarpaNa paramAzvayaka hai| sArabhUta cIja yahI hai| prApta : 15.01.07 78 saMskRti bodha kalA vIthikA ke udghATana * variSTha patrakAra 1- Ta-35, javAhara nagara, jayapura-302004 AmaMtraNa - ke dvidivasIya (18-19 akTUbara 07) kAryakramoM meM Apa iSTa mitroM sahita sAdara AmaMtrita haiN| vistRta kAryakrama kAryAlaya meM upalabdha hai| devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla adhyakSa evam rASTrIya jaina vidyA saMgoSThI - nivedaka - DaoN. anupama jaina mAnada saciva arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #85
ARHAT VACANA Kundakunda Minapitha, Indore OSCAR WILDE renowned of rather notorious for ready wit and satire, once, said that he had nothing to declare except his TALENT, when questioned by custom authorities on embarking at American soil, It is difficult to say now as to the context he made this statement to convey that he does not own many wordly possessions viz wealth. He led an infamous but eventful life, always on the verge of poverty. It could also be called an artists ego, which he well deserved. Short Note 2 Ego of an Artist : N. Sachdeva * Broadly speaking an artist includes an author, painter, sculpturer, musician or anyone else pursuing a creative work more as a labour of love. than for name, fame or wealth, which are incidental and not the primary objective. The source of inspiration of a true artist is inborn or god gifted. It is believed that the agony of experience of privation, pain, poverty, touch and more intensely than to a person with full stomach. World history provides no examples of wealthy artists. Wealth have always been no doubt, the patrons of art. This phenomenon seems to have given birth to an artist's EGO as compensation. No one can grudge of it. Present day artists are more like the craftsmen. A typical example is a film story/script writer, playback singer, the music director, who produce. stories and songs to make an order basis to fit the scenario. Likewise writers of text books even fiction now can be included in this classification. This could be better understood by drawing a distinction between artists and craftsmen. Perhaps many true artists have to become craftsmen under compulsion of force of circumstances. Such artist's EGO is generally taller than State Empire (9/11 fame) building in New York. Recognition and awards are now being bought over as alleged by fellow artists. Now famous artists are among the wealthiest class. Thus, they are not immune to vices of wealth. Incidentally the sportsmen, also now like to be called artists, as it is proved by the recent Cricket scam. Received: 06.12.05 Arhat Vacana, 19 (3), 2007 * Deolok 36-B/2, New Palasia, Opp. Dhobighat, Indore 452001 79

Page #86
(jJAnodaya itihAsa puraskAra) zrImatI zAMtidevI ratanalAlajI bobarA kI smRti meM zrI sUrajamalajI bobarA, indaura dvArA sthApita jJAnodaya phAuNDezana ke saujanya se kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura dvArA jJAnodaya puraskAra kI sthApanA 1998 meM kI gaI hai| yaha sarvavidita tathya hai ki darzana evaM sAhitya kI apekSA itihAsa evaM purAtatva ke kSetra meM maulika zodha kI mAtrA alpa rahatI hai / phalata: yaha puraskAra jaina itihAsa ke kSetra meM maulika zodha ko samarpita kiyA gayA hai| isake antargata jaina itihAsa ke kSetra meM sarvazreSTha zodha patra/ pustaka prastuta karane vAle vidvAn ko rupaye 11000/-kI nagada rAzi, zAla evaM zrIphala se sammAnita kiyA jAtA hai| adyatana puraskRta vidvAnoM evaM unakI kRtiyoM kA vivaraNa nimnavat hai1998 DaoN. zailendra rastogI, lakhanaU (u.pra.) "jaina dharma kalA prANa RSabhadeva aura unake abhilekhIya sAkSya' 1999 pro. hampA nAgarAjaiyyA, baiMgalora (karnATaka) 'A History of the Rastrakutas of Malkhed and Jainism' 2000 DaoN. abhayaprakAza jaina, gvAliyara (ma.pra.) 'jaina stUpa paramparA' 2001 zrI sadAnanda agravAla, meNDA ror3a (ur3IsA) 'khAravela' 2002 DaoN. jI. javAharalAla, tirupati (A.pra.) Jainism in Andhra (As depicted in inscriptions)' 2003 zrI rAmajIta jaina eDavokeTa, gvAliyara (ma.pra.) 'giranAra mAhAtmaya' 2004 pro. e. ikambarAnAthana, cennaI (tamilanADu) 'Jaina Iconography in Tamilnadu' 2005 zrI sUrajamala khAsagIvAlA, bhivanDI (mahArASTra) 'jaina itihAsa' 2006 bra. saMdIpa jaina 'sarala', bInA _ 'pAMDulipi saMrakSaNa evaM saMkalana kArya hetu' koI bhI vyakti puraskAra hetu kisI lekha yA pustaka ke lekhaka ke nAma kA prastAva (sAmagrI sahita) preSita kara sakatA hai| cayanita kRti ke lekhaka ko ru. 11000/- kI rAzi, zAla, zrIphala evaM prazasti pradAna kI jaayegii| sAtha hI cayanita kRti ke prastAvaka (kRti sahita prastAva bhejane vAle) ko | bhI ru. 1000/- kI rAzi se sammAnita kiyA jaayegaa| 2007 ke puraskAroM hetu prastAva sAde kAgaja para evaM sambaddha kRti/Alekha ke lekhaka tathA prastAvaka ke samparka ke pate, phona naM. sahita 31 akTUbara 2007 taka mAnada saciva, kundakunda jJAnapITha, 584 mahAtmA gAMdhI mArga, tukogaMja, indaura - 452 001 ke pate para prApta ho jAnA caahiye| jaina vidyAoM ke adhyayana/anusaMdhAna meM rUci rakhane vAle sabhI vidvAnoM/ samAjaseviyoM se Agraha hai ki ve vigata 5 varSoM meM prakAza meM Aye jaina itihAsa/purAtattva viSayaka maulika zodhakAryoM ke saMkalana, mUlyAMkana evaM zodhakoM ko sammAnita karane meM hameM apanA sahayoga pradAna kreN| devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla sUrajamala bobarA DaoN. anupama jaina adhyakSa puraskAra prAyojaka mAnada saciva 80 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #87
ARHAT VACANA Jaanapitha Indor Kundakunda Short Note - 3 Chaos: Order in disorder N. Sachdeva * Aldous Huxley, a 20th century philosopher, renowned for his radical and unorthodox views, says. "Chance generally knows much better than we do. The Greeks, elected most of their officials by lot. How wisely! Why should not we toss up for Prime Minister? We would be much better governed or at short of Calcutta sweep for all the responsible posts in Church and State. The only horror would be if one were to win the sweep (lottery). The big Bang theory about origin of our universe solar system seems to be chance happening and cannot be explained in terms or 'why' and 'how". Apparently otherwise, there is an order by system in nature and man has made it into an infallible scheme/system' by study of natural phenomena. The movement of stars and planets, laws of physics viz. gravitation. friction, quantum, vaccum and cuase and effect etc. are made into theories and doctrines. This seems obviously logical. But of late, as late as 1970, James Gleick in his book Chaos The Amazing Science of the Unpredictable, has made a deeper research and hist study reveals that there is occassional random chaos in natural order and it makes our calculations, forecasting subject to error. It is a human trait to take for granted nature as divine and perfect and not subject to any error or mistake. Now attention is being focused on study of chaos. Preliminary studies are encouraging and there is a possibility of orderliness in chaos. Mathematicians have also studied the working of chance and discovered that chance has a tendency of self balancing and correction over a period of time, large number of operations. This phenomenon is illustrated by tossing of a coin. If a coin is tossed 10 times; the chances are that one may get 6 and 4 or 7 and 3 results. If the number of tosses is increased, this difference has tendency to narrow down under controlled condition. Professional gamblers, even stock market operators play on this theory and there is insignificant loss or gain over a period of time and surely benefited by it by quick decisions. Likewise, there is an equilibrium in natural happenings viz, floods, excess rainfall, draught, hot and cold weather, storms, cyclones and fair weather. There are inbuilt compensatory causes, until and unless natural balance is Arhat Vacana, 19 (3), 2007 81

Page #88
Terning disturbed by human operations like deforestation, dam construction, artificial irrigation, reckless mining etc. Floods may destroy standing crops, but in the subsequent years there may be higher yield due to deposit of manure which the flood brings forth. Crops of fields directly hit by hailstorms and get damaged but there is a higher yield in surroundings fields. The grain size and weight increases by extra-ordinary chilling. The theory of cause and effect seems as the basic of 'Hindu Karma' Concept and has its application in the physical world. The chance happenings can have remote causes both in time and place according to the author of 'Chaos', the discovery of butterfly effect. He notes that a butterfly thillima in air today in Peking (China) can transform the same air into storm system next month in New York. Our present knowledge of occurrence of floods, draught, storm, cyclones, earthquakes and other natural happenings, erupt as epidemics are inherent and remain unexplained and unpredictable. Perhaps, more research is required to study order in disorder. Received: 06.12.05 * Deolok 36-B/2, New Palasia, Opp. Dhobighat, Indore 452001 jaina vidyA kA paThanIya SaTmAsika JINAMANJARI Editor - Dr. S.A. Bhuvanendra Kumar Periodicity - Bi-annual (April & October) Publisher -Brahmi Society, Canada U.S.A. Contact - Dr. S.A. Bhuvanedra Kumar 4665, Moccasin Trail, MISSISSAUGA, ONTARIO CANADA - 14Z2W5 Arhat Vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #89
hai / 1. 2. 3. 4. svasAra kRti kA nAma lekhaka : tatvadezanA ( tatvasAra para pravacanoM kA saMgraha ) : AcArya muni vizuddhasAgara muni vizvavIrasAgara prathama, 2005 (20 " x 30 " ) /8, 32 + 154 : zrI pArzvanAtha di. jaina mandira samiti, ciragAMva (jhA~sI) samIkSaka 1: DaoN. anupama jaina, indaura sampUrNa jaina vAMgamaya ko viSayAnusAra vibhAjana ke krama meM cAra anuyogoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA varSa 19 aMka 3, julAI-sitambara 2007, 83-85 - pustaka samIkSA sampAdaka saMskaraNa evaM varSa : AkAra evaM pRSTha saMkhyA: prakAzaka - prathamAnuyoga karaNAnuyoga caraNAnuyoga dravyAnuyoga pUrvAcAryoM ne adhyAtma viSayaka graMthoM kI jaTilatA evaM inheM samyaka rUpa se AtmasAta karane ke lie Avazyaka pRSThabhUmi ke sRjana kI dRSTi se cAro anuyogoM ke svAdhyAya kA eka krama nirdhArita kiyA hai jisake anusAra prathama tIna anuyogoM kA apekSita jJAna prApta kara lene ke uparAnta dravyAnuyogoM ke graMthoM kA svAdhyAya karane para graMtha racanAkAra ke manogata bhAva evaM Azaya ko hama ThIka se hRdayaMgama kara pAte haiN| jisa prakAra pUrvavartI kakSAoM ke viSaya kA jJAna na hone para chAtra uttaravartI kakSAoM kA viSaya nahIM samajha pAtA hai usI prakAra prathamAnuyoga meM varNita mahApurUSoM ke jIvana prasaMgoM, karaNAnuyoga meM vivecita loka ke svarUpa, svarga-naraka kI vyavasthAoM evaM karma siddhAnta kI vaijJAnikatA, sUkSmatA ke bagaira mAnava jIvana ke vidhi - niSedhoM para AsthA nahIM banatI / phalasvarUpa adhyAtma ke vivecanoM meM bhI hama tarka ke bajAya kutarka karane lagate haiN| pApa-puNya, nimitta upAdAna, nizcaya vyavahAra, heya upAdeya ke viSayoM ko unake sahI pariprekSya meM samajhane para hI pUrvAcAryoM ke maMtavya ko AtmasAta karanA zakya hai| tIrthaMkara Adi 63 zalAkApuruSoM kA jIvana pUrva bhava evaM kathA sAhitya | bhUgola, khagola, gaNita evaM karma siddhAnta / zrAvakoM evaM muniyoM kI jIvanacaryA, vidhi niSedha | AtmA, paramAtmA se sambaddha sAhitya | - vikrama kI prathama zatAbdI ke mahAna digambara jainAcArya kundakunda kI kRtiyA~ samayasAra, pravacanasAra, niyamasAra evaM paMcAstikAya adhyAtma ke siramaura graMtha haiN| inameM AtmA ko paramAtmA banAne kA zreSTha jJAna apane utkRSTa rUpa meM nihita hai kintu isa jJAna ko aura adhika spaSTa rUpa se vyAkhyAyita karane ke lie ina graMthoM para TIkAoM tathA svataMtra graMthoM kA sRjana parivartI AcAryoM dvArA kiyA gyaa| Atma kalyANa kI utkRSTa bhAvanA se anuprANita hokara tila - tuSa mAtra kA parigraha chor3ane vAle zAnta pariNAmI jainAcAryoM kI sarvAdhika abhirUci sadaiva se adhyAtma ke graMthoM meM rahI hai| dasavIM zatAbdI IsavIM ke AcArya devasena (gaNi) ne nimnAMkita 6 graMthoM kA sRjana kiyA hai| 1. 2. bhAvasaMgraha darzanasAra laghunayacakra 4. arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 3. AlApa paddhati 5. ArAdhanAsAra 6 tatvasAra 83

Page #90
AcArya zrI vizuddhasAgarajI kI prastuta kRti tatva dezanA kA AdhAra ukta tatvasAra graMtha hai| tatvasAra kI 74vIM gAthA nimnavat hai| - souNa taccasAraM raiyaM muNiNAha devase se Na / jo sadidadi bhAvai to pAvaI sAsayaM sokkhaM / / jo samyagdRSTi, muninAtha devasena ke dvArA racita isa tatvasAra ko sunakara usakI bhAvanA karegA vaha zAzvata sukha ko paaegaa| isase spaSTa hai ki tatvasAra AcArya devasena kI adhyAtma viSayaka kRti hai| DaoN. nemicaMdra zAstrI (tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya parAmparA, bhAga-2) ne vistRta uhA-poha ke uparAnta ApakA sarasvatI ArAdhanA kAla 933-953 I. nirdhArita kiyA hai evaM Apako AcArya vimalasena gaNi kA ziSya batAyA hai| anya kRtiyoM se ApakA nAma devasena gaNi bhI pratIta hotA hai| bhASA bhAvoM kI abhivyakti kA mAdhyama hai| jainAcAryoM ne prAkRta, saMskRta evaM apabhaMza tInoM bhASAoM meM vipula parimANa meM sAhitya kA sRjana kiyaa| prAkRta evaM apabhraMza tatkAlIna jana bhASAyeM rahIM evaM saMskRta abhijAtya varga kI bhaassaa| ata: zAstrArtha evaM vidvat samudAya meM apane mata ko samIcIna rUpa se prastuta karane hetu saMskRta meM sAhitya sRjana jarUrI thA tathA jana-jana taka apanA maMtavya preSita karane hetu prAkRta evaM apabhraMza bhASAoM meM bhii| jahA~ jaina paramparA ke bhUla graMtha mahAvIra kAlIna janabhASA prAkRta meM hai vahIM uttaravartI kAla meM rAjasthAna ke vidvAnoM ne tatkAlIna janabhASA DhuMDhArI meM bhI sAhitya kA sRjana kiyaa| 19vIM zatAbdI meM pariSkRta hindI ke pracAra se pUjA evaM bhakti sAhitya to pariSkRta hindI meM likhA gayA kintu Agama graMthoM kI DhuM DhArI bhASA kI TIkAeM/vyAkhyAyeM hI calatI rhii| 20vIM zatAbdI meM jaina sAhitya meM krAMti AI jaba aneka graMthoM ke hindI anuvAda hindI graMtha ratnAkara kAryAlaya -mumbaI, mANikacanda graMthamAlA -mumbaI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha-- zolApura evaM bhAratIya jJAnapITha-dillI ke mAdhyama se prakAza meM aaye| anya aneka prakAzana saMsthAoM kA yogadAna bhI sarAhanIya rhaa| ina kRtiyoM ke prakAza meM Ane se hindI, zrAvaka bhI viSaya ko ThIka se hRdayaMgama kara sake / Aja yadi bhArata meM 1000 ke lagabhaga picchIdhArI digambara muni, AryikA, ailaka,kSullaka, kSullikA, vihAra kara rahe haiM, svAdhyAya evaM jJAnArjana ke mAdhyama se apane vairAgya ko vRddhiMgata kara rahe haiM to isameM prAcIna AcArya praNIta graMthoM ke upalabdha hindI anuvAdoM kI bhI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA ko nakArA nahIM jA sakatA / prasiddha digambara jainAcArya zrI virAgasAgarajI mahArAja ke suziSya yuvA evaM prabhAvaka saMta AcArya zrI vizuddhasAgarajI ne prAkRta bhASA kI 74 gAthAoM meM nibaddha AcArya devasena (gaNi)(10vIM za.I.) kI AdhyAtmika kRti tatvasAra para vidizA (ma.pra.) meM sampanna grISmakAlIna vAcanA meM 49 sAragarbhita pravacana diye| jisameM gUDha rahasyoM ko aneka itara graMthoM ke uddharaNoM ke mAdhyama se spaSTa kiyA gyaa| prastuta kRti ina pravacanoM kA hI saMkalana hai| kRti ke prAraMbha meM hI Apa rekhAMkita karate haiM ki - eka gUr3havAdI ke lie yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki vaha bahuta bar3A vidvAna ho aura na varSoM taka vyAkaraNa tathA nyAya meM sira khapAkara vaha suyogya banane kA prayatna karatA hai kintu mAnava samAja ko dekha Atma sAkSAtkAra kA anubhava hI use upadeza dene ke lie prerita karatA hai aura vyAkaraNa Adi ke niyamoM para vizeSa vicAra kiye binA janatA ke sAmane vaha apane anubhava rakhatA hai ata: uccakoTi kI racanAoM meM 84 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #91
prayukta kI jAne vAlI bhASA ko chor3akara samaya kI pracalita bhASA ko apanAnA mahatva se khAlI nahIM hai| yaha kathana viSaya kI vivecanA meM janabhASA ke mahatva ko darzAtA hai| gAthA kramAMka 4 para diye gaye caturtha pravacana (pR. 10-12) meM Apane paMca parameSThI kI ArAdhanA, maMtroM ke vibhinna prakAra Adi ke bAre meM dravya saMgraha zrAvakAcAra Adi ke mAdhyama se sarala, subodha zailI meM vivecana kiyA hai| gAthA kramAMka 5 kI vivecanA meM udAharaNa ke mAdhyama se viSaya ko spaSTa karane kI zailI dekhiye| jaba taka bhogAbhilASA aMtaraMga meM vidyamAna hai, taba taka yoga-dhAraNa saMbhava nahIM hai| yadi kisI ne dravya bheSa ko svIkAra bhI kara liyA, to vaha saphala nahIM ho skegaa| AcArya yogendra deva ne paramAtma prakAzajI graMtha meM likhA hai jisake hRdaya meM mRgalocanI strI nivAsa kara rahI hai, vahA~ bramha-nivAsa kahA~ ? kAraNa eka myAna meM do tAreM nahIM rakhI jAtI, eka hI samaya meM do mausama nahIM hote| usI prakAra eka hI sAtha AtmAnubhava evaM garabhava nahIM hotA,eka samaya meM eka hI upayoga huA karatA hai| karmabandha kI carcA to bahuta hotI hai kintu azubha karmoM ke udaya meM AtahI parAna svAdhyAyI bhI vicalita ho jAte haiM aise jJAnI bandhuoM ko mokSa kA patha dikhAte hue gAthA 51 ke pravaktA munizrI saceta karate hue kahate hai| bho cetana! tU kyoM bilakha rahA hai jo karma kA bandha tumane pUrva meM kiyA thA vaha Aja udaya meM Akara khira gayA, prasanna ho jAo ki Aja maiM halkA ho gyaa| (4.1:1-1122 bho jJAnI ! karma ke phala ko bhogate samaya na rAga karo, na dveSa kro| jo karma ke vipAka meM rAga-dveSa nahIM karatA, vaha pUrva-saMcita karma kA vinAza kara detA hai evaM naye kameM kA bandha nahIM karatA: yadi rAga dveSa karate rahoge to kabhI mokSa nahIM hogA, kyoki pUrva meM karma naSTa to hue parantu navIna karma kA badha ho gayA jA mumukSu jIva hotA hai vaha pUrva ko to nAza karatA hai aura vartamAna meM kibAr3a banda kara letA hai, isI kA nAma savara hai| saMvara sahita nirjarA mokSa -mArga meM prayojana bhUta hai aura saMdara se rahita nirjarA mokSamArga meM kAryakArI nahIM hai| saMvara evaM nirjarA kI prApti binA tapasyA ke saMbhava nahIM hai| AcArya bhagavan umAsvAmI mahArAja ne tatvArtha sUtra meM kahA hai- 'tapasyA nirjarA ca', tapa se nirjarA bhI hotI hai aura saMvara bhI hotA hai| isalie he manISiyoM ! saMvara kI ora bar3hoM, nirjarA kI ora bar3ho, Asrava ko chodd'aa| Asrava heya tatva hai, saMvara -nirjarA upAdeya tatva hai| bhASA para ApakA pUrNa adhikAra hai| gAthA 54-56 para pravacana karate hue kiyA gayA prayoga dekhiye| bhogI aura yogI meM itanA hI aMtara hotA hai| bhogI para ko doSa detA hai aura yogI karma vicitratA kahake sva meM praveza kara jAtA hai| bhogI jalatA hI jalatA jAtA hai aura yogI jalate hue bhI jala bana jAtA hai| (pR. 118) bhakti ke mahatva ko Apane gAthA kra.73 kI vivecanA meM atyanta sundara rUpa meM vyakta kiyA hai| dhyAna rakhanA jIvana meM, bhagavAna meM camatkAra nahIM hotA,pratimAoM meM camatkAra nahIM hotA balki jitanI nirmala evaM vizuddha bhAvoM se bhakti kI jAtI hai, ApakI vaha bhakti manISiyoM ! camatkAra bana jAtI hai| (pR. 148) saMkSiptata: isa mahAna kRti para kiye gaye marmasparzI pravacanoM kA saMkalana jaina sAhitya kI amUlya nidhi hai| jaTila viSaya ko prAmANikatA kI rakSA karate hue sarala, sahaja,subodha rUpa meM prastuta kara munizrI ne svAdhyAya rasikoM para mahAna upakAra kiyA hai| kRti paThanIya evaM saMkalanIya hai| arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 85

Page #92
kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura kA prakalpa kundakunda jJAnapITha pustakAlaya AcArya kundakunda dvisahasrAbdi mahotsava varSa ke sandarbha meM 1987 meM sthApita kundakunda jJAnapITha ne eka mahatvapUrNa prakalpa ke rUpa meM bhAratIya vidyAoM, vizeSata: jaina vidyAoM, ke adhyetAoM kI suvidhA hetu deza ke madhya meM avasthita indaura nagara meM eka sarvAMgapUrNa sandarbha granthAlaya kI sthApanA kA nizcaya kiyaa| hamArI yojanA hai ki Adhunika rIti se dAzamika paddhati dvArA vargIkRta kiye gaye isa pustakAlaya meM jaina vidyA ke kisI bhI kSetrA meM kArya karane vAle adhyetAoM ko sabhI sambaddha grantha/ zodha patrA eka hI sthala para upalabdha ho jaayeN| isase jaina vidyAoM ke zodha meM rUci rakhane vAloM ko prathama caraNa meM hI hatotsAhita hone evaM punarAvRtti ko rokA jA skegaa| kevala itanA hI nahIM, hamArI yojanA durlabha pAMDulipiyoM kI khoja, mUla athavA usakI chAyA pratiyoM / mAikro philmoM ke saMkalana kI bhI hai| ina vicAroM ko mUrtarUpa dene hetu digambara jaina udAsIna Azrama, 584, mahAtmA gAMdhI mArga, indaura para kundakunda jJAnapITha pustakAlaya kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| isI varSa DaoN. ajitakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla ke prayAsoM se pustakAlaya bhavana kA vistAra evaM hajAroM durlabha pustakoM kA saMkalana jor3A gayA hai| 31.08.2007 taka pustakAlaya meM 20,080 mahatvapUrNa granthoM evaM 550 pAMDulipiyoM kA saMkalana ho cukA hai / isake atirikta hamArI sahayogI saMsthA amara graMthAlaya meM 1002 pAMDulipiyA~ surakSita haiN| aba upalabdha pustakoM kI samasta jAnakArI kampyUTara para bhI upalabdha hai| phalata: kisI bhI pustaka ko kSaNa mAtrA meM hI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / hamAre pustakAlaya meM lagabhaga 300 patrA-patrikAe~ bhI niyamita rUpa se AtI haiM, jo anyatra durlabha haiN| Apase anurodha hai ki - saMsthAoM se : 1. apanI saMsthA ke prakAzanoM kI 1 - 1 prati pustakAlaya ko preSita kreN| lekhakoM se : 2. apanI kRtiyoM kI sUcI preSita kareM, jisase unako pustakAlaya meM upalabdha kiyA jA ske| 3. jaina vidyA ke kSetrA meM hone vAlI navInatama zodhoM kI sUcanAe~ preSita kreN| digambara jaina udAsIna Azrama parisara meM hI amara granthAlaya ke antargata pustaka vikraya kendra kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| pustakAlaya meM prApta hone vAlI kRtiyoM kA prakAzakoM ke anurodha para bikrI kendra para bikrI kI jAne vAlI pustakoM kI namUnA prati ke rUpa meM bhI upayoga kiyA jA skegaa| AvazyakatAnusAra namUnA prati ke AdhAra para adhika pratiyoM ke ArDara bhI diye jaayeNge| jaina pAMDulipiyoM kI rASTrIya paMjI nirmANa pariyojanA tathA rASTrIya pAMDulipi mizana ke tahata ma.pra. ke jaina zAstra bhaMDAroM meM saMgrahIta pAMDulipiyoM kI jAnakArI bhI yahA~ upalabdha hai| devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla adhyakSa DaoN. anupama jaina mAnada saciva 31.08.2007 DaoN. ajita kAsalIvAla koSAdhyakSa 86 arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #93
kRti ET varSa - 19, aMka - 3,julAI-sitambara 2007, 87-88 pustaka samIkSA : jaina Agama meM darzana lekhakA : samaNI maMgalaprajJA, kulapati-jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanU~ (rAja.) prakAzaka : jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU~ - 341306 saMskaraNa evaM varSa : prathama, jUna 2005 mUlya : rU.125%D00 pRSTha saMkhyA : XII + 330 samIkSaka : DaoN. anupama jaina, prAdhyApaka-gaNita, zAsakIya holakara jJAna mahAvidyAlaya, indaura samIkSya zodhapUrNa kRti AcArya zrI mahAprajJa jI kI suziSyA evaM jaina darzana kI gahana adhyetA samaNI maMgalaprajJAjI kA zodha prabandha hai| mUlata: 'jaina AgamoM ke dArzanika cintana kA vaiziSTya' zIrSaka se likhA gayA yaha Ph.D. zodha prabandha hI parivartita saMkSipta zIrSaka se prakAzita hai| isameM nimnAMkita 7 adhyAya haiN| viSaya praveza Agama sAhitya kI rUparekhA tatva mImAMsA Atma mImAMsA karma mImAMsA AcAra mImAMsA AgamoM meM prApta jainetara darzana lekhikA ne vyApaka dRSTi apanAte hue sampradAyAtIta vicAra vyakta kiye haiM viSaya praveza (pra.21) meM hI ve likhatI haiM 'katipaya kAraNoM se jaina dharma bahuta samaya pUrva hI do mukhya sampradAyoM meM vibhakta ho gayA thaa| vaha vibhAjana Aja bhI yathAvata hai| isa vibhAjana kA eka durbhAgyapUrNa pariNAma yaha huA ki pUrA jaina vAMgamaya bhI do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa|' prathama adhyAya meM Apane Agama sAhitya kA tathya paraka, taTastha evaM vistRta paricaya diyA hai| pR. 31 para Apa likhatI haiM ki 'zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra gyAraha aMga AMzika rUpa meM upalabdha haiN| bArahavAM aMga dRSTivAda sarvathA lupta ho gayA hai| digambara paramparA ke anusAra gyAraha aMga sarvathA lupta ho gae, bArahaveM dRSTivAda kA kucha aMza bacA hai, donoM paramparAoM kA Agama upalabdhi kI dRSTi se samanvaya karake dekheM to prApta hotA hai ki bAraha hI aMgoM kA kucha na kucha bhAga vartamAna meM bhI upalabdha hai| yaha jaina paramparA ke liye gaurava kI bAta hai|' vAstava meM zvetAmbara paramparA kA vartamAna upalabdha Agama sAhitya mukhyataH pA~cavI vAcanA kA pratiphala hai| usa samaya kA saMkalana vaicArika matabheda hone ke kAraNa parivartita, parivarddhita rUpa meM hI upalabdha hai| matabheda ke binduoM ke alAvA anya bahuta sI sAmagrI to mUla rUpa meM hI upalabdha hai jo bhAratIya saMskRti kI amUlya nidhi hai| arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007 87

Page #94
tatva mImAMsA ke antargata kAla dravya kI vivecanA karate hue Apa likhatI haiM ki 'jaina paramparA meM kAla ke sandarbha meM 2 avadhAraNAyeM milatI hai (pU. 136 para ) L kAla svataMtra dravya nahIM hai| vaha jIva evaM ajIva kI paryAya mAtra hai ! kAla svataMtra dravya hai| arddhasamaya ke rUpa meM usakA pRthak ullekha hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ina donoM avadhAraNAoM kI saMgati anekAnta ke AdhAra para karate haiN| unakA mAnanA hai ki 'kAla chaha dravyoM meM eka dravya bhI hai aura jIva-ajIva kI paryAya bhI hai| ve donoM kathana sApekSa haiM. virodhI nahIM / nizcayadRSTi meM kAla jIva- ajIba kI paryAya hai aura vyavahArika dRSTi meM vaha dravya hai| use dravya mAnane kA kAraNa usakI upayogitA hai| vaha pariNamana kA hetu hai, yahI usakA upakAra hai / isI kAraNa vaha dravya mAnA jAtA hai|' adhyAya-6 meM Apane ako samajhAte huye likhA hai (pR. 277 para) ki 'anAra yA anekAMta ahiMsA kA vaicArika AdhAra hai| isI prakAra ahiMsA kA sAmAjika AdhAra anAsakti yA aparigraha hai| vyaktigata jIvana meM jise anAsakti kahate haiM, sAmAjika jIvana meM vahI aparigraha ho jAtA hai| vyaktigata jIvana meM Asakti do rUpoM meM abhivyakta hotI hai parigraha bhAva aura bhoga bhAvanA, jinake vazIbhUta hokara vyakti dUsaroM kI vastuoM kA apaharaNa karatA hai| isa prakAra Asakti tIna rUpoM meM bAhya-stara para abhivyakta hotI hai apaharaNa yA zoSaNa ! 1. 2. AvazyakatA se adhika prigrh| 3. bhoga / kevala hatyA yA raktapAta hI hiMsA nahIM hai, parivaha bhI hiMsA hI hai kyoMki hiMsA ke binA parigraha asaMbhava hai| saMgraha ke dvArA dUsaroM ke hitoM kA hanana hotA hai aura isa rUpa meM parigraha hiMsA hai| aparigraha bAhya anAsakti hai, anAsakti Antarika aparigraha hai / ' isI prakAra anya adhyAyoM meM Apane prAmANika, sasandarbha, samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa apanAte hue dArzanika siddhAntoM kA sarala zabdoM meM vizada vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| lekhikA kA zrama evaM gahana gambhIra adhyayana yatra tatra sarvatra dRSTigocara hotA hai| kRti jaina darzana kI kisI bhI vidhA para kArya karane vAloM ke liye paThanIya evaM saMkalanIya hai| mudraNa nirdoSa evaM mUlya ucita hai| 88 antaHkaraNa zuddhi ke punIta parva dazalakSaNa ke avasara para gata varSa meM hue samasta jJAta / ajJAta aparAdhoM / bhUloM hetu hama sAdara kSamAprArthI hai| devakumArasiMha kAsalIvAla prakAzaka DaoN. anupama jaina sampAdaka evaM sampAdaka maNDala ke sabhI sadasya kSamAvANI 27.09.07 . arhat vacana, 19 (3), 2007

Page #95
jUna 2007 maMgalavAra ra kundakunda jJAnapITha dvArA saMcAlita parIkSA saMsthAna ke nidezaka paM. nAthUlAla jaina zAstrI kA pUjya muni zrI pramANasAgarajI mahArAja ke sAnnidhya meM zruta paMcamI (19.06.07) ko zIrSastha jaina manISI ke rUpa meM indaura meM sammAna kiyA gyaa| sva. paM. zrI kA kisI sArvajanika kAryakrama kA yaha antima citra hai| samIpa khar3e haiM DaoN. anupama jaina, paM. ratanalAla zAstrI evaM zrI hemacaMda jhaaNjhrii| vaidya zrI kapUra canda jaina (sunavAhA vAloM) kA nidhana kundakunda jJAnapITha kI mAtR saMsthA digambara jaina udAsIna Azrama TrasTa evaM kundakunda jJAnapITha ke prabandhaka tathA kundakunda jJAnapITha parIkSA saMsthAna ke parIkSAdhikArI, yuvA vidvAna zrI aravinda kumAra jaina ke pUjya pitAjI vaidya zrI kapUracaMda jaina (sunavAhA vAloM) kA dehAvasAna zAnta pariNAmoM sahita sallekhanA ke vrata dhAraNa kara dinAMka 19.09.07 ko indaura meM ho gyaa| ___80 varSIya vaidya jI dRr3ha saMkalpI, gurU bhakta, tIrtha bhakta suzrAvaka the| Apane sunavAhA ke digambara jaina mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karAne ke sAtha hI asAhaya rogoM se pIDita janoM ko darlabha jaDIbaTiyoM se nirmita auSadhiyA~ ni:zalka vitarita karane ka kArya kiyaa| ve svayaM jaMgaloM meM jAkara jar3I-bUTiyoM kA saMkalana krtethe| Apa apane pIche 4 putra zrI rAjakumAra jaina, zrI aravindakumAra jaina, zrI rajanIza jaina evaM zrI anila jaina evaM 6 putriyoM kA bharApUrA parivAra chor3a gye| kundakundajJAnapITha parivAra kI vinamra shrddhaaNjli| Jal Education International !

Page #96
RNI No.:50199/88 I.S.S.N. 0971 - 9024 varSa - 19, aMka - 3, julAI - sitambara 2007 anukrama / INDEX lekha/ ARTICLES saMhitAsUri paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI - vinamra zraddhAMjali - anupama jaina, indaura vRkSa evaM tIrthaMkara narendra nami, bhopAla zAkAhAra banAma ahiMsakAhAra sUrajamala jaina, koTA siddhavarakUTa- katipaya tathya sUrajamala bobarA, indaura jaina dharma meM svastika (sAMthiyA) jayA jaina, gvAliyara jaina dharma : tatkAlIna aitihAsika sarokAra zikharacanda jaina evaM manojakumAra jaina, murainA jaina saMskRti evaM dakSiNa ke rAjavaMza rajanI jaina, indaura Indore : A Glimpse of Malwa Micheal C. Skinner, Hawai-Hilo U.S.A. Research Methodology and Nature of Proof: A Visit to Jainism and Patanjali P.N. Mishra & Pooja Jain, Indore Scientific Aspects of Jainism OY.K. Jain, Banglore feuquft / NOTES jaina to jaina hI raheMge kokalacanda jaina, jayapura Ego of an Artist ON. Sachdeva, Indore Chaos : Order in Disorder ON. Sachdeva, Indore pustaka samIkSA /Book Review tatva dezanA dvArA AcArya vizuddhasAgara samIkSaka - anupama jaina, indaura jaina Agama meM darzana dvArA samaNI maMgala prajJA samIkSaka - anupama jaina, indaura Jan cucalon Internaiona POP POSTOPINBESTSOMWA www. wanteamoral yorg Sugan Graphics,Indore. 9302125594,4065518