Theory of Karman in Indian Thought

Author(s): Koshelya Walli
Publisher: Bharat Manisha

Page 41

[ 27 ] PHYSICAL
(a) Tormenting the body and other austerities. (b) Constant Prāņāyāma. (c) Offering sacrifices and making gifts. . (d) Fasting
Gautamal holds Upavāsa ( fasting) as a means of removing sin. He2 regards fasting ( Anāśaka ) as a tapas. Haradatta3 calls Upavāsa equal to Bhakta tyāga' ( renunciation of boiled rice ).
(6) From a careful study of the history of different religions, it would appear that the idea of sin has not been always and everywhere the same. Differences occur according to age, caste and religion. Sin was transferrable from one man to another through sassarga or contact in association. Byhaspati5 or VỊddha: Bphaspati according to Mitākṣarā refers to nine kinds of contactsh: in which transfer of sin is said to be effected.?
These nine contacts are:(1) Ekaśayyā ( 5597241 ) occupying the same bed. (2) Ekāsanam ( STATE)-occupying the same seat. (3) Ekapauktiḥ (auftfi:) ---taking food in the same row
with the sinner.
1. Gau ama Dharma Süra 19.12. 2. Gautama Dharma Sūtra 19.16. 3. Gautama Dharma Sūtra 19.15. 4. Regarding Upavāsa, see Kane IV pp 52-54 5. Běhaspati — tem FHfiGqfarafĦAUF 11 975919 HTCFTAT 21 .. 77777 11 77941 &T: Aita sa pagtsut: ACI 6. The contact may be threefold according to intensity, the most intense
being Yonisambandha, (Sexual intercourse), Srauva. ( making the sinnur a priest ) Maukha ( Teaching or learning Vcdas ), the intermediate ones teing- using the same vehicle, scat, bed, or cover-let, cating in the same row and learning the edos together. The lowest is varied
intimate talk, touching. 7. Bịhaspati Smsti Vidc No. 5. P. 36.