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8. Mahāvīci-In this hell the watery fluids are extremely
turbid.
9. Tapana-This is of the nature of burning.
10. Sannitapana-equal to kumbhipāka.
II. Samghata.
12. Kakola-In this hell people are made to swallow thorns. 13. Kuttamala-In this hell putrid soil is the source of trouble.
14. Sulohaśamka-In this hell, the limbs are pierced by
needles.
15. Rjusa-It is like the burning frying pan.
16. Asipatravana.
17. Lohadvāraka.
18. Panthana.
19. Śalmali-In this persons are pierced by salmali thorns. 20. Nadi-In this hellish region are like vaitariņī and others full of putrid, blood mixed bones. In the Manusmrti also we hear of twenty one hells.
NYA YA-KUSUMĀÑJALI & KARMAN
We have stated above almost everything that the philosophers of the realist school have said regarding karma or adṛṣṭa from their point of view. This account cannot be said to be complete, I believe, unless I refer in this connection to what Udayanācārya has said in this connection in his well known work on God in the Nyaya Kusumāñjali. This work is held to be magnam opus of Udayana on theistic proofs. It is in five chapters. The first chapter of which is devoted to the concept of adṛṣṭa or karma. The unseen force which accounts for man's migration and move. ments in the next world (Paraloka). He says that our experience of the world shows that there is no room for saśvatavada or for ucchedavāda () in connection with the world as some would say. There are two extreme views which prevailed in
