Outlines of Jainism

Author(s): J L Jaini, F W Thomas
Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Page 59

METAPHYSICS: IV. THE SIX SUBSTANCES
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IV. THE Six SUBSTANCES
The Soul This is the only knowing substance; its essential characteristic is consciousness. The other substances, matter, time, space, and principles of motion and stationariness, are deroid of consciousness (10). I know, the table does not know, the pen with which I am writing is not conscious of my using it or of its existence. The month and date of my writing are not conscious, nor are the principles or forces which make it possible for me to stand up or sit down. Matter, time, dharma and adharma, and space are devoid of consciousness. But of these, matter, soul, and time are innumerable; whereas dharma and adharma and space are only one each.
Matter (11) That which has not consciousness, but can be touched, tasted, seen, and smelled is matter. Things enjoyable by the senses, the five senses themselves, the body, the mind, the karmas, and all other material objects are called pudgola, or matter. This will be dealt with more fully under ustikūyas, or magnitudes.
Of course material objects are innumerable.
Dharma (12) This is devoid of taste, touch, smell, sound, and colour, and is conterminous with the universe (loka). It is the principle of motion, the accompanying circumstance or cause which makes motion possible, like water to moving fish. The water is a passive condition or