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OUTLINES OF JAINISM
(11) Vyutsarga : non-attachment to the body. (12) Dhyāna: ineditation.
These last six are internal tapas.
2. Ten Dharmas-pious duties: (1) Uttama-kshamā: suppression of all feelings of anger and ready forgiveness of all injuries, real or otherwise. (2) Mārdava : ever-ready and sincere humility. (3) Anjaru : frank straightforwardness. (4) Satya : truth in feelings and in conduct. (5) Saucha : purity from defilement of greed. (6) Samyama : This is of two kinds: (i) restraint of the senses, and (ii) practice of compassion towards six kinds of living beings, namely, (a) lowest (mineral) life, (b) aquatic life, (c) fire-life (cf. salamander), (d) air-life, (e) vegetable life, and (f) animal life. (7) Tapa : asceticisin. Mainly of the kinds enumerated above. (8) Tyāga: renunciation of all worldly connections. In the Achāryas it also includes the gift of knowledge, etc., by means of lessons and advice. (9) ikinchana: developing the instinct, "nothing is mine in the universe." (10) Brahma-charyā: chastity. Literally it means the devoted contemplation of the self by the soul : and this is attainable and preservable by securing self-concentration through celibacy and other means of freeing the mind from the bondage of worldly care and attachment.
3. Six Īvaśyakas : daily duties: (1) Sāmāyika : practising peaceful indifference to worldly objects and to attain tranquillity of mind. (Equanimity of soul.) (2) Vundunā : bowing to perfect souls and their images in the temples. (3) Stuti : praising the qualities of the holy beings. (4) Pratikramana : repentance
