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JAINA LOGIC
113
Pratyaksha It is of two kinds : sümeyavahürik-prutyaksha, or the way of knowing things by means of the fire senses and the mind; pāramārthika-prutyakshu, the way of knowing things by the soul itself through removal of all karmic matter that obscures its knowledge.
Puroksha This is of five kinds : 1. smriti, remembrance ; 2. pratyabhijñāna, memory by sight, i.c. recognition;
3. turka, argument from association ; e.g. birth and pregnancy ; smoke and fire : rain and wet parement; dawn and lotus-blossoming; 4. anumūna, inference; this is of two kinds : (1) upulabuhi, establishing an affirmative or
negative proposition by a positive middle. (2) anupalabdhi, establishing an affirmative or
negative proposition by a negative middle. 5. āgama, sabda, knowledge from what the Teacher has said.
Under 4 (anumănu) upalabdhi is of six kinds, which are aviruddha, viz. according as the positive) middle term is :
1. vyāpya, comprehended : infer fire by smoke : 2. kārya, effect: wisdom by eloquent speech : 3. kāruna, cause : shade by tree; 4. pārru-chura, priority: darkness by sunset : 5. uttara-chura, posteriority: sunset by darkness :
6. sala-charu, concomitance : sweet - mango by yellow-ripe.
