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OUTLINES OF JAINISM
surrounded by the Lavana-samudra, or the Salt Sea. Then come the other continents, each followed by il sea-ring. The names of the first eight continents beginning from Jambū-dvipa outwards are :
1. Jambū-dvīpa, the Jambu island; 2. Dhātaki-dvīpa, the Grislea Tomentosa island ; 3. Pushkaravara-dvipa, the "lotus" island ;
4. Vāruņivara-dvipa, the "water" island; - 5. Kshiravara-dvipa, the " white milk” island ;
6. Ghritavara-dvipa, the “ghee (clarified butter)' island ;
7. Ikshuvara-dvipa, the "sugar-cane juice " island; 8. Nandiśvara-dvipa, the Nandiśvara island.
This Middle World is l rajju broad and long (at MI)), and is 100,040 yojanas high.
The sea between Dhātaki-dvipa and Pushkara varadvipa is the Kālodadhi. The Pushkaravara-dvīpa is divided by Mount Manushottara, which is the ultimate . limit of the region inhabited by human beings. Thus human beings live in two and a half continents: Jambūdvipa, Dhātaki-dvīpa, and half of Pushkaravara-dvipa.
The name of the last sea is Svayambhū-ramaņa.
Non-human beings (tiryag-ja) live in the whole of the Middle World ; immobile souls (sthāvaru) in the whole Universe. Aquatic souls are only in the first two seas (Lavana and Kālodadhi) and in the last.
We are concerned mainly with Jambī-dvīpa. It has six mountains running through it east and west. These are, from south to north: (1) Himavān; (2) Maháhimaván ; (5) Nishadha; (4) Nila; (5) Rukmin ; and (6) Sikharin. These divide it into seven zones.
