Outlines of Jainism

Author(s): J L Jaini, F W Thomas
Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Page 98

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OUTLINES OF JAINISM
(1) Upasama-samyaktā, or samyaktā, by precipitation of karmic matter. It is attained by the suppression of five or seven prakritis of infatuating karmas.
(2) Kshāyaka-samyaktā, attained by kshaya, or perishing of karmas. It is reached by the annihilation of seven prakritis of infatuating karmas.
(3) K'shayopaśama, or combined precipitation and perishing of karmas. It is attained by the suppression of six and the continuous manifestation of the seventh (i.e. samyaktā - mohanīya - prakriti) of perceptioninfatuating karmas. This is characterized by chala, mala, agādha, i.e. the three defects of (1) being shaken in right belief, e.g., thinking that worship of Sāntinátha (the sixteenth Tirthankara) will bring śānti (peace) or that of Pārsva-nātha will remove obstacles, etc., because all arhats are the same ; (2) having an impure psychical condition, being soiled by one or more of the defects: sankā, doubt; kārkshā, desire of worldly objects as rewards for piety; vichikitsā, want of settled conviction; anyadrishți-prasamsā, praising wrong faith; anyadrishti-samstava, holding a wrong faith to be the correct one ; (3) losing firm hold of the right faith, e.g. dedicating a temple and still thinking it to be one's own property.
5. Deśa-virata
Partial renunciation of the world. Under this head come all the eleven pratimās, or stages of a layman's life. (For these see under Ethics, pp. 68-70.)