Outlines of Jainism

Author(s): J L Jaini, F W Thomas
Publisher: Cambridge University Press

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OUTLINES OF JAINISM
5. Fine: matter capable of becoming karmic matter. It cannot be perceived by the senses (28);
6. Fine-fine : still finer molecules, in the karmic body, which is the finest. Fine-fine matter has for its atoms the combination of two or more ultimate atoms (parumāņu). (According to some it is the ultimate atom itself.)
Space (Ākāśu) (14) Things in the universe occupy each some place. That which gives things their places is space.
Space has two divisions : (1) the universe (loka), (2) the non-universe or the beyond (uloka).
In the universe all the sis druvyas (magnitudes and substances), soul, matter, space, time, principles of motion and stationariness, find their places. In the uloka there is only endless space.
In the universe also, which is in the form of a human body standing akimbo, there is only a small portion of space occupied by living beings. Of these, again, only a small part form the miserable and active mankind, which inhabits the madhya-loka. (See under Cosinology, Appendix II.)
Principles of Motion (Dharma) and Stutionariness
(Adharma) (12-13, 32) This and the next substance are the greatest peculiarity of Jainism. There is no other system, religious or speculative, which has anything corresponding to the Jaina dharma and adharma. These must be considered in some little detail.