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Teachings of Mahāvira
95 The three kinds of Mohanīja concerning faith are right faith, wrong faith, and faith, partly right and partly wrong.1
The Uttarādhyayana Sūtra speaks of five kinds of knowledge :(1) Śruta or knowledge derived from the study of sacred books; (2) Abhinibodhika or knowledge obtained from one's own experience, thought, or understanding ; (3) Avadhi or supernatural knowledge; (4) Manaḥparyāya or knowledge of the thoughts of other people, and (5) Kevala, the highest knowledge,
The Avadhi-Jñāna is also employed in the sense of knowledge co-extensive with the object. The Kalpa Sūtra, for instance, says: "He viewed the whole Jambudvīpa with his knowledge called Avadhi." Here Avadhi means that which is limited by the object, that which is just sufficient to survey the field of observation.
The Manahparyāya-jñāna is defined in the Āchäränga Sitra as a knowledge of the thoughts of all sentient beings. The Kevala-jñāna according to the same text, is omniscience enabling a person to comprehend all objects, to know all conditions of the world of gods, men, and demons : whence they come, where they go, where they are born, etc.5
The first kind of knowledge in Jainism corresponds to the Buddhist Sutamaya paññā; the second kind to Chintamaya paññā; the third kind to Vilokana; the fourth kind to Chctoparijanāņa; and the fifth kind to Sabbañsulā or omniscience involving the three faculties. One of the Buddhist texts refers to limited knowledge (Antavanta Jñāna) as propounded by Asahavira. Knowledge which is confincd to the limited world is itself limited in its character. The Păli Antavanta Jñana is evidently the samc term as the Jaina Ivadhi Jiūna.
Knowledge of substances, qualities and all developments (Dravya, Guna and Parpāja) has also been imparted by the Jinas. Substance is the substratum of qualities ; qualities are inherent in a substance, but a characteristic fcaturc of developments is that they inhcrc in substances or qualities.
1. Ullarā, XXXIII, 5.9. 2. Ibid, XXVIII, 4. 3. talpa, I, 15; SBE, XXII, p. 293.
4. 1.0, 11, 15, 23. 1. Ibid, II, 15, 25. 6 din, IV', p. 475.
