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182
: Lord Mahāvīra and His Times
Bhikkahunda : They would eat nothing except what had been obtained by alms and would not take cow-milk etc. They are considered identical with Buddhist monks.
Panduranga or Paņdaraga : These were saiva mendicants who besmeared their body with ashes. According to the Nišitha chūrni, however, the disciples of Gośāla were called Pandarabhikkhu. The Anuyogadvārachūrni identifies them with the Sasarakkha (Sarajaska) Bhikkhus.
Then there were other Pariuvāyagas. Sankha : They followed the Sāmkhya system. Joi : They followed the Yoga system.
Kavila : They followed the atheistic Sankhya system and regarded Kapila as their master.
Bhiuchcha : They were the disciples of Bhrigu.
· Hamsa : They lived in mountain caves, roads, hermitages, shrines, and gardens and entered a village only to beg.
Paramahaṁsa : They lived on river banks, the confluence of streams and discarded clothes before they died..
. Bahūdaga : They lived one night in a village and five nights in a town.
Kudivvaya : They lived in their own house and considered getting victory over greed, illusion, and egotism as their goal.
Kanhaparivvāyaga : They worshipped the Nārāyaṇa. JAŢILAS
Some Brahmanical hermits were called the Jațilas on account of their matted hairs. These ascetics lived in large groups in forests, had group leaders, engaged in austerities, tended fire, and performed sacrifices. They were also called Aggikā Jațilaka.
Uruvelā, the place of the Buddha's Sambodhi, was then a great centre of Vedic religion. There were three settlements or colonies of the Jațilas on the banks of the river Nerañjara under three Kassapa brothers, Uruvela Kassapa, Nādi Kassapa, and Gaya Kassapa, each at the head of 500, 300 and 200 Jatilas respectively. They were born in a Brāhmaṇa family or Magadha and were highly respected by the inhabitants of 1. DPPX, I, 931; Udara Arphakathā, 74. 2. SBE, XIII, 118; Jā, VI, 219-20.
