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Social Conditions
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A Jaina monk was allowed to wear three robes, two linen (Kshaumika), undergarments (omachela) and one woollen (aurņika) uppergarment. The Buddha also allowed three robes : a double waist cloth (samghāta), an upper robe (uttarasanga), and a single undergarment (antaravā saka).
Both from the Jaina and Buddhist sources it is evident that sewing and stitching of clothes were coming into fashion. There are referencess to the needle, thread, scissors, etc. The monks were allowed to sew their clothes,
People also put on shoes. A large variety of shoes is also referred to in the Vinaya Texts, such as shoes with one, two, three, or even more linings ; shoes adorned with skins of lion, tiger, panther, antelope, otter, cat, squirrel, and owl; boots pointed with horns of rams and goats, ornamented with scorpions' tails, sewn round with peacock feathers : boots, shoes, slippers of all hues, such as blue, red, yellow, brown, black, and orange. Sometimes, the shoes were ornamented with gold, silver, pearls, beryls, crystal, copper, glass, tin, Icad or bronze. Poorer people used wooden shoes, shoes made of leaves of palmyra and date-palm, or of various kinds of grass. Shoes were also made of wool. The Bțihatkalpa Bhashya prcscribes the use of shoes for the Jaina monks, especially when they were on tours, and in the case of illness single-solcd (egapuda) shoes, pudaga or Khallaka shocs to cover the foot sore, vāgurā shoes to cover the toes and also the fcct, Kosaga shoes to cover the toes, Khapusa shoes to cover the ankles, and ardhajanghikā and janghika shocs to cover the half and sull thighs respectively.
The difference between the malc and female dresscs and ornaments was not much marked. The ornaments, which decorated the bodies or both men and women, were costly and of various types and designs. Every part of thic body from head
1. icha, 7. + 205. 1. Alu VIII, 13. 4, 5. 3. Sútra, 4,2. 12; #cha, II. 1. 1. 364. 4 Chi, V. 11-1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7; My, 1 1 .1.5, 111. 12. 2; viii. 21. 1.
Ja, No. 387. Vol.2, pp. 178.70
l'inaya, Il 14. 6. Pisin 1.9993; 3 3867,
