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Art and Architecture
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Lord Mahāvīra. A Chaitya or Devakulikā was some sort of sacred enclosure containing a garden, grove or park and a shrine. Mahavira, Buddha and many other religious ascetics are represented as halting or resting in these shrines. From the Uvāsaga-dasão, it is known that Mahāvīra visited the shrine of Pūrņabhadra at Champā, the shrine called Dvipalāśa of Vaņijagrāma, the Koshthaka shrine of Bāraṇasī, the garden called Sankhavana of Alabhi, the garden called Sahasrāmravana of Kāmpilyapura, Sahasrāmravana of Polāsapura, the shrine called Gunasila of Rājagriha and the Koshịhaka shrine of Rājagriha.
In the Mahāparinibbānasutta,1 Buddha spoke of the efficiency of erecting dhātu-chaityas, and he himself visited Chaityas like Udena, Gotama and Sattambaka of Vaiśāli while the Dighanikāya bears testimony to the fact that the Buddha lived at the Ananda-Chaitya in Bhojanagara. In the Asvalāyana Gțihy'a Sutra, we find for the first time the mention of a Chaitza sacrifice. Whether the reference to the Chaita by Aśvalāyana is a reference to the Vedic Chaitya or Yajñasthāna or to something else is, of course, a matter of dispute.
Some of these shrines had the form of a temple equipped with doors, hall, etc. We hear of a shrine (Deuliza) about the size of a man's hand and built of one block of stone.” The images were of wood. There was a hall (Sabha) attached to the shrine which was besmcared with cow-dung. We hcar of the Puņnabhadda shrine of Champā which was decorated with umbrella, standards, bells, flags, peacock-fcather whisk and railing; the interior floor was coated with cow-dung and the walls white-washed; it bore palm impressions in red Gosisa or Dardara sandal-wood; it was beautified with Chandana kalains and on the doors were crected Toranas with Chandanaghała decorations. The floor was sprinkled with perfumed water and garlands were hung, and it was fragrant with flowers of five colours, kālāguru, Kundurukka and Turukka; it was haunied by actors, dancers, ropc-walkers, wrestlers, boxers, jesicis balladsingers, story-tellers, pole-dancers, picturc-showmen, pipers. 1. Chap. III. Sccs. 36-47 and especially 47. 2. Ulard. Ti 9, p. 142.
