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Lord Mahāvīra and His Times things through a vow of silence, and (3) putting the body in. an immovable posture.
A well-disciplined monk should have only such walks as: are pure with regard to their cause, time, road, and effort. Knowledge, faith, and right conduct are included in the cause', the 'time' is daytime, the 'road' excludes bad ways, and the 'effort' is, fourfold as regards substance, place, time, and condition of the mind. He should work diligently and avoid anger, pride, deceit, greed, laughter, fear, loquacity, and slander. He should use blameless and concise words at the appropriate time and avoid while begging faults in the search, in the receiving, and in the use of food, lodging, and the articles of daily consumption. There are sixteen Udgama doshas by which food becomes unfit for a Jaina monk : the undesirability for instance inherent in the food prepared by a layman for religious men-- dicants, the undesirability of the food which a layman has prepared for a particular monk, which has been prepared for festivities or which has been reserved for a monk when he has to open locks before he gets the food or when a monk calls while the dinner is being cooked, and for his sake more food. is put in the pot which is on the fire, etc.
There are ten faults of receiving, e.g. when a monk accepts alms from a frightened layman (Sankita), when the food is soiled by animate or inanimate matter (Mrakshita), when a layman mixes up pure with impure food (Unmis;ita), etc. A zealous monk should wipe the thing, after having inspected it with his eyes; then he should take it up or put it down. Excrements, urine, saliva, mucus, and uncleanliness of the body should be disposed of in the way prescribed. In a place neither frequented nor seen by others, which offers no. obstacles to self-control, which is not covered with grass or leaves, which is spacious, in such a place he should Icave his. cxcrements, etc.
There arc (1) truth, (2) untruth, (3) mixture of truth and untruth, and (4) a mixture of what is not truc and what is not untrue. A zealous monk should not harbour any desire for the misfortune of others, nor should he think of causing misery to living beings or their destruction. In standing, sitting, lying down, jumping, going and in the usc of his organs, a
