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Lord Mahāvīra and His Times
hurtful." On the highway or in a barber's shop, a monk, who is all alone, should not stand with a single woman, nor should he talk to her.2 A monk should sally forth at the right time and return at the right time. He should not approach dining people sitting in a row; he should collect alms that are freely given.' He should eat moderately at the right time. He should wait for his alms alone, not too far from other monks, nor too near them.5 ON TROUBLES
There are twenty-two troubles which a monk must learn and know, bear, and conquer in order not to be vanquished by them. They are as follows : hunger, thirst, cold, heat, gadflies and gnats (all biting or stinging insects like lice), nakedness, women, to be discontented with the objects of control, erratic life, place for study, lodging abuse, corporal punishment, asking for something, to be refused, illness, the pricking of grass, dirt, kind and respectful treatment, understanding, ignorance, and righteousness. A monk, who is strong in selfcontrol and does penance, should not cut or cause another to cut anything to be eaten, nor cook it or cause another to cook it, even though his body is weakened by hunger. He should know the measure of food and drink permitted and wander about with a cheerful mind. Though troubled by thirst, he should drink distilled, not cold, water. Wandering about in deserts and feeling thirsty, he should bear the suffering caused by thirst. If a restrained monk occasionally suffers from cold on his wanderings, he should not walk beyond the prescribed time, remembering the teachings of the Master. A monk should not entertain such a thought : 'I have no shelter and nothing to cover my skin, therefore I shall kindle a fire to warm myself.' If a monk suffers from the heat of things hot or from the heat of the body, he should not lament the loss of comfort. 1. Ullarā, s. 2. Ibid, I, 26. 3, Ibid, 31. 4. Ibid, 32. 5. Ibid, 33.
