________________
Additional Notes
185
Additional note 2, to p. 30: Overhearing.
?
One of the most fecund of Hindu story motifs is Overhearing,' either under natural human circumstances, or, oftener, in the sequel of magical interference in the fate of the hero of the story on the part of some sentient beings. In the latter case, especially, overhearing serves as deus ex machina, to save from death, sickness, or grave danger; to lift from poverty, or low station, to wealth and glory; and to instruct in wisdom or morality. The conversing parties are usually a pair; sometimes a large or indeterminate number; rarely a soliloquist. Birds are the favorite conversers; spirits and Rākṣasas ('dumme täufel') are common, but other animals and even men occur. The subject will figure as an important rubric in the future Encyclopedia of Hindu Fiction. By way of preliminary bibliography we may mention: Chandogya-Upanisad 4. 1. 2; Mahabharata 13. 42. 17 ff.; Pañcatantra 2. 2; 2. 5; 3. 10; Kathasaritsagara 5. 20 ff.; 11. 63 ff.; 17. 115 ff.; 20. 162; 26. 28; 28. 123; 29. 128 ff.; Vikrama Carita 11 and 14 (Indische Studien, xv, pp. 344, 359); Lescallier, Le Trône Enchanté, pp. 30 ff.; Jātakas 284, 314, 386, 445; Pārçvanātha Caritra 2. 518 ff., 839 ff. ; 3. 382; 7. 87, 428 ff.; 8. 287 ff.; Pariçiṣṭaparvan 7. 290 ff.; Kathakoça, pp. 49 ff., 55 ff., 125 ff., 160 ff.; Prabandhacintamani, p. 174; Kathaprakāça (Eggeling in Gurupūjākāumudī, pp. 121, 123); Suvābahuttarikatha, nr. 71 (Hertel, in Festschrift f. Ernst Windisch, pp. 149 ff.); Hemavijaya's Kathāratnākara, nr. 29 (Hertel, Das Pañcatantra, p. 145); Pañcākhyānavārttika, nrs. 26 and 34 (Hertel, ibid. 145, 147); Jülg, Mongolische Märchen, pp. 11, 147 ff.; Kalmükische Märchen, pp. 27 ff., 53 ff.; Siamese Paksi Pakaranam nr. 24 (Hertel, ibid., p. 351); Pavie, Contes Populaires du Cambodge, pp. 110 ff.; Day, Folk-Tales of Bengal, pp. 40 ff., 105 ff., 132 ff.; Frere, Old Deccan Days, pp. 74 ff., 120 ff., 136 ff.; Steel and Temple, Wide-Awake Stories, pp. 138 ff.; Stokes, Indian Fairy Tales, p. 5; Neogi, Tales Sacred and Secular, p. 87; ZDMG. lxi. 26; Indian Antiquary, iv. 261; x. 366 ff.; xi. 342; xvii. 75.
Additional note 3, to p. 30: Proclamation by drum.
Proclamation or advertizing is regularly done by beat of drum. He who responds to the advertizement touches the drum, and is brought before the king for a hearing. Thus Pārçvanatha 3. 460,
