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Dravya (Substances) Gun (Qualities) and
Paryay (Modifications)
of gold is connected with the same pot. Whose step-son is a step-son ? Actually, the step-son is not the son of the man in question. But yet he is considered to be his step-son. In the same manner, the paraparyaya is considered to be that of the pot.
The Swaparyaya can occur in four ways.
Dravyaparyaya (modification caused by substance); Kshetraparyaya (modification caused by place); Kalaparyaya (modification caused by time) and Bhavaparyaya (modification caused by quality).
(1) Dravyaparyaya or modification of substance is brought
about by the material out of which an article is made.
(2) Kalaparyaya or the modification of time. This is caused
by the viewing of a substance through the medium of time.
i.e. as past, present or future. (3) Kshetraparyaya or the modification of place. This is caused
by the place where an object is found.
This is caused
(4) Bhavaparyaya or modification of quality.
by the natural attributes of the substance.
For example, a thread on a cloth is dravyaparyaya. The cloth being in an almirah is an example of kshetraparyaya. A cloth being new or old is an example of kalaparyaya. Bhavaparyaya implies the cloth being white or delicate or costly or in the form of a coat or in the possession of some person. The dravya, the kshetra, the kala and the quality also are of two kinds : (1) substances belonging to ourselves; a place belonging to ourselves, a time belonging to ourselves and an attribute belonging to ourselves. (2) The substance belonging to others; the place belonging to others and the attribute belonging to others. The cloth mentioned above being worn or being kept in the almirah are examples of Swadravyaparyaya or examples of self-modification. The same cloth being woven out of silk;
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